Cast Iron - Geers

Cast Iron
Application Material Group
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4
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product range, please order
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effort has been made to ensure the
accuracy of the information contained
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product manufacturers.
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information can be
found in our brand
new 2005 Technical
Handbook.
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2
>150 <300
<200
Lamellar graphite
Nodular graphite/Malleable Cast Iron
Nodular graphite/Malleable Cast Iron
3.2
3.3
3.4
Grade 200 , Grade 400 0125, 0130, 0140,
0217
420/12, P440/7,
700/2, 30g/72
420/12, P440/7,
700/2, 30g/72
Lamellar graphite
Nodular graphite/Malleable Cast Iron
Nodular graphite/Malleable Cast Iron
3.2
3.3
3.4
0221, 0223, 0737,
0854
0219, 0717, 0727,
0732, 0852
Grade 150 , Grade 400 0120, 0212, 0814
SS
EN
USA
EN 1561 EN JL 2050
EN 1561 EN JL 2040
EN 1561 EN-JL 1050
EN 1561 EN-JL 1030
ASTM A220 grade
90001, ASTM A602
grade M8501
ASTM A220 grade
40010, ASTM A602
grade M4504
ASTM A48 class 40,
ASTM A48 class 60
ASTM A48 class 20
middle/short
middle/short
extra short
extra short
Normal Chip
Form
Lamellar graphite
BS
>700 <1000
<700
>500 <1000
<500
Tensile
Strength
N/mm2
3.1
Application Material Group (AMG)
<150
Lamellar graphite
3.1
>200 <300
Hardness
HB
Application Material Group (AMG)
F26230, F20005
F22830, F,20001
F12801, F,14101
F11401, F12801
UNS
0.7040, 0.7070,
0.8145, 0.8045
0.7040, 0.7070,
0.8145, 0.8045
0.6025, 0.6040
0.6010, 0.6040
Werkstoff
Number
JIS
GGG40, GGG70,
GTS45-06,
GTW45-07
GGG40, GGG70,
GTS45-06,
GTW45-07
GG25, GG40
GG10, GG40
DIN
Examples of Workpiece Materials - Categorisation into Application Material Groups (AMG)
General Information
Classification of workpiece materials
Application Material Groups
Introduction to Cast Iron
Principal Alloying Elements
Machinability of Cast Iron
Hints when machining Cast Iron
AMG 3.1
AMG 3.2
AMG 3.3
AMG 3.4
General Hints on Drilling
Drill Feed Chart
Drill Selection
General Hints on Tapping
Drill diameters for cutting taps
Tap Selection
General Hints on Milling
Milling parameters
Applications
Milling Feed Charts
Milling Cutters Selection
Table of cutting speeds
3
2
4
5
6
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
17
18
20
21
22
23
26
30
General Information
Contents
General Information
Application Material Groups
Application Material Groups (“AMGs”) are designed to
assist in the selection of the optimum cutting tool for a
particular application.
Dormer classifies materials into 10 major Application
Material Groups. Each major group is divided into subgroups on the basis of material properties, such as
hardness and strength, and chip formation. This booklet
concentrates on sub-groups 3.1 – 3.4, Cast Iron.
Examples of national designations within each sub-group
are shown on page 2.
This booklet contains a selection of tools that are rated
“excellent” for machining cast iron. Please see the
Dormer catalogue or Product Selector for the full range,
or contact your local Dormer representative or Technical
Helpdesk if you need further advice.
4
Cast irons make up a family of ferrous metals with a wide
range of mechanical properties. They are produced by
being cast into shape as opposed to being formed. This
makes them particularly suitable for the manufacture of
engineering components. The widespread use of cast
iron results from its low cost and versatilility. Its versatility
arises due to the wide ranging physical properties which
are possible due to alloy addition and various heattreatment procedures. The cooling rate of the casting
can also affect the material’s hardness and structure.
Historically, the first classification of cast iron was based
on its fracture. Two types of iron were initially recognised:1) Grey cast iron – this exhibits a grey fracture surface,
due to the large amounts of graphite flakes.
2) White cast iron - this exhibits a white crystalline
fracture surface, as fracture occurs along the iron-carbide
plates. The structure is generally made up of cementite
(iron-carbide) and pearlite, which is lamellar plates of iron
carbide in a soft iron matrix. This material is generally
harder and more brittle than grey cast iron.
It is more common today to divide cast iron into two
main groups:• Common cast irons for general purpose applications,
which are used for the majority of engineering
applications. These tend to be low alloyed.
• Special cast irons, which are used for applications
involving extremes of heat, corrosion and abrasion.
These are generally high alloyed.
5
General Information
Introduction to Cast Iron
General Information
Principal Alloying Elements
Cast iron is an iron-carbon-silicon alloy with a carbon
content of mostly 2 – 4%, a silicon content of mostly 1
– 3%, as well as other elements like manganese (Mn),
phosperous (P) and sulphur (S), with the balance made
up of iron.
The addition of nickel, copper, molybdenum and
chromium, for example, can affect the heat and corrosion
resistance, rigidity and strength of the cast iron. The
alloying elements can be divided into two groups: carbide
forming and graphite forming elements. The alloys greatly
affect the machinability of cast iron.
Machining of Cast Iron
From a machining standpoint, cast iron consists of three
basic structural constituents:
Ferritic – Easy-to-machine, low strength and a hardness
below 150 HB. At low cutting speed the cast iron can be
“sticky” and result in built-up edges.
Ferritic/pearlitic – vary from low strength and low
hardness of 150 HB to high strength and a hardness of
290 HB.
Pearlitic – its strength and hardness is dependent on the
roughness of its lamellar plates. With fine lamellar plates,
the cast iron is very hard and has high strength, causing
it to smear and build up edges on the tool.
6
•
Most cast iron materials are easy to machine
because of the short chipping properties. The reason
is that graphite makes chip breaking easier and can
improve lubrication.
•
Tools with low rake angles are generally used in cast
iron.
•
Most materials are abrasive, so coatings improve
tool life.
•
Dry machining can be done in most applications.
•
The most significant difficulties are due to irregular
shapes of casting, the presence of hard skins and
sand inclusions.
7
General Information
Important when machining Cast Iron
General Information
3.1
Cast Iron, Lamellar graphite
Hardness <150 HB
Tensile strength <500 N/mm2
Typical Composition
AMG 3.1 and AMG 3.2 encompass the grey lamellar
(flake) irons, the most commonly used of the general
purpose engineering irons.
AMG 3.1 has a ferrite matrix and excellent machinability.
It is relatively soft and ductile, with low strength, poor
wear resistance, but good fracture toughness and
thermal conductivity.
Examples of uses
Typical applications are low strength components such
as stock fittings, valves, flanges, pipe fittings, brake
drums and decorative use.
8
Typical Composition
This group of irons represents the higher strength
grades typically achieved through a pearlite matrix.
Pearlite, whose name is derived from its mother of pearl
appearance, is relatively hard and shows moderate
toughness and good machinability.
Examples of uses
They are used in the manufacture of engine blocks,
cylinder heads, moulds and hydraulic valve bodies.
9
General Information
3.2
Cast Iron, Lamellar graphite
Hardness >150 <300 HB
Tensile strength >500 <1000 N/mm2
General Information
3.3
Nodular graphite/Malleable Cast Iron,
Hardness <200 HB
Tensile strength <700 N/mm2
Typical Composition
AMG 3.3 is represented by malleable and nodular cast
iron grades.
Malleable irons differ from other irons because they are
cast as white iron. Heat treatment produces the final
structure, the precise form of which controls the strength
properties.
Nodular cast iron/spheroidal graphite (SG) is
manufactured by alloy addition. Small amounts of
magnesium/nickel are added to change the shape of
the graphite content from flake to rounded graphite. This
improves the strength considerably.
AMG 3.3 grades of cast iron are characterised by low
cost and ease of machining.
Examples of uses
Typical uses are automotive and agricultural components,
pipe fittings, mining machinery, electrical fittings, valve
components and hardware tools.
10
Typical Composition
AMG 3.4 represents the grades capable of achieving
higher strength through heat treatment. Nodular cast
iron/spheroidal graphite (SG) exhibit better mechanical
properties which make them complementary to malleable
irons and suitable replacements for steel in many
applications.
Examples of uses
Typical components are flywheel castings, crankshafts,
gears, valves and rocker arms.
11
General Information
3.4
Nodular graphite/Malleable Cast Iron
Hardness >200 <300 HB
Tensile strength >700 <1000 N/mm2
General Hints on Drilling
1. Select the most appropriate drill for the application,
bearing in mind the material to be machined, the
capability of the machine tool and the coolant to be
used.
2. Flexibility within the component and machine tool
spindle can cause damage to the drill as well as the
component and machine - ensure maximum stability
at all times. This can be improved by selecting the
shortest possible drill for the application.
3. Tool holding is an important aspect of the drilling
operation and the drill cannot be allowed to slip or
move in the tool holder.
4. The use of suitable coolants and lubricants are
recommended as required by the particular drilling
operation. When using coolants and lubricants,
ensure a copious supply, especially at the drill point.
5. Swarf evacuation whilst drilling is essential in ensuring
the correct drilling procedure. Never allow the swarf to
become stationary in the flute.
6. When regrinding a drill, always makes sure that the
correct point geometry is produced and that any wear
has been removed.
12
13
A
C
F
G
I
J
K
L
M
V
W
X
Y
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
15
16
20
25
30
40
50
mm/rev ± 25%
0.094 0.172 0.250 0.325 0.400 0.533 0.800 1.000 1.100 1.175 1.200 1.200
0.056 0.103 0.150 0.180 0.210 0.250 0.330 0.420 0.480 0.533 0.550 0.580
0.049 0.089 0.130 0.150 0.170 0.200 0.260 0.330 0.380 0.418 0.430 0.450
0.038 0.069 0.100 0.115 0.130 0.153 0.200 0.250 0.280 0.310 0.320 0.340
0.030 0.110 0.180 0.202 0.225 0.260 0.330 0.390 0.420 0.450 0.460 0.520 0.560 0.580 0.605 0.630
0.028 0.101 0.165 0.186 0.208 0.240 0.305 0.360 0.385 0.419 0.430 0.485 0.525 0.545 0.568 0.588
0.026 0.092 0.150 0.170 0.190 0.220 0.280 0.330 0.350 0.388 0.400 0.450 0.490 0.510 0.53 0.545
0.024 0.084 0.135 0.152 0.170 0.197 0.250 0.298 0.315 0.349 0.360 0.405 0.445 0.465 0.485 0.503
0.021 0.076 0.119 0.134 0.150 0.173 0.220 0.265 0.280 0.310 0.320 0.360 0.400 0.420 0.44 0.46
0.019 0.056 0.084 0.096 0.109 0.126 0.160 0.190 0.205 0.231 0.240 0.280 0.310 0.330 0.355 0.375
0.018 0.050 0.073 0.084 0.095 0.109 0.138 0.165 0.178 0.202 0.210 0.248 0.275 0.295 0.32 0.343
0.015 0.032 0.044 0.050 0.056 0.064 0.080 0.098 0.110 0.125 0.130 0.160 0.180 0.195 0.220 0.240
0.012 0.023 0.029 0.032 0.036 0.042 0.054 0.062 0.069 0.082 0.086 0.110 0.125 0.135 0.155 0.175
1
Ø [mm]
A022
A124
A520
R022
R520
R557
R558
A551
0.50
3.0
3.0 - 16.0 3.0 - 13.0
3.0 - 16.5 5.0 - 20.0 3.0 - 20.0 5.0 - 20.0
- 16.00
- 17/32
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
■
●
■32K
■25I
■20G
●16G
Excellent
Good
■55C
■43C
■40C
■32A
■48M
■37K
■30J
■26F
■75X
■75X
■55X
■55X
■90Y
■90Y
■65X
■65X
14
■130Y
■130Y
■90X
■90X
■110Y
■110Y
■80X
■80X
■55L
■40K
■37K
■33G
A552 A160 A510 R002 A553 A554 R553 R554 R570
5.0
- 20.0
■55L
■40K
■37K
■33G
4.0
- 16.0
■50C
■40A
■35A
■30A
3.0
- 14.0
■42K
■32J
■28J
■25F
3.0
- 14.0
■75W
■75W
■55W
■55W
5.0
- 20.0
■70K
■50J
■45J
■42F
15
5.0
- 30.0
■70K
■50J
■45J
■42F
5.0
- 20.0
3.0
- 20.0
3.00
- 5/8
■130W
■130W
■90V
■90V
■110W
■110W
■80V
■80V
■120W
■120W
■80V
■80V
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
General Hints on Tapping
1.
Select the correct design of tap for the component
material and type of hole, i.e. through or blind, from
the Application Material Groups chart.
2.
Ensure the component is securely clamped - lateral
movement may cause tap breakage or poor quality
threads.
3.
Select the correct size of drill (see opposite). Always
ensure that work hardening of the component
material is kept to a minimum.
4.
Select the correct cutting speed as shown in the
tap selection pages, the catalogue or the Product
Selector.
5.
Use appropriate cutting fluid for correct application.
6.
In NC applications ensure that the feed value
chosen for the program is correct. When using a
tapping attachment, 95% to 97% of the pitch is
recommended to allow the tap to generate its own
pitch.
7.
Where possible, hold the tap in a good quality torque
limiting tapping attachment, which ensures free
axial movement of the tap and presents it squarely
to the hole. It also protects the tap from breakage if
accidentally ‘bottomed’ in a blind hole.
8.
Ensure smooth entry of the tap into the hole, as an
uneven feed may cause ‘bell mouthing’.
16
Drill Diameters for Cutting Taps Recommendation tables
METRIC COARSE THREAD
M
1.6
1.8
2
2.2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
27
30
Pitch
mm
0.35
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.45
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.75
0.8
1
1
1.25
1.25
1.5
1.5
1.75
2
2
2.5
2.5
2.5
3
3
3.5
Max.
Internal
Diam.
mm
1.321
1.521
1.679
1.833
2.138
2.599
3.010
3.422
3.878
4.334
5.153
6.153
6.912
7.912
8.676
9.676
10.441
12.210
14.210
15.744
17.744
19.744
21.252
24.252
26.771
DRILL
DRILL
Diam.
mm
1.25
1.45
1.6
1.75
2.05
2.5
2.9
3.3
3.8
4.2
5
6
6.8
7.8
8.5
9.5
10.3
12
14
15.5
17.5
19.5
21
24
26.5
Diam.
inch
3/64
54
1/16
50
46
40
33
30
27
19
9
15/64
H
5/16
Q
3/8
Y
15/32
35/64
39/64
11/16
49/64
53/64
61/64
1.3/64
METRIC COARSE THREAD
FOR ADX/CDX
TAP
M
Pitch
mm
DRILL
Diameter
mm
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
0.70
0.80
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.00
3.40
4.30
5.10
6.90
8.70
10.40
12.25
14.25
Drill diameter can be
calculated from:
D = Dnom- P
D = Drill diameter (mm)
Dnom = Tap nominal
diameter (mm)
P = Tap pitch (mm)
RECOMMENDED DIAMETERS WHEN
USING DORMER ADX AND CDX DRILLS
The above table for drill diameters refer to
ordinary standard drills. Modern drills such
as Dormer ADX and CDX produce a smaller
and more accurate hole which makes it
necessary to increase the diameter of the
drill in order to avoid breakage of the tap.
Please see the small table to the left.
17
DIN
E201
Other thread forms available.
E252
E446
E447
E462
M3 - M10 M8 - M24 M3 - M10 M8 - M24 M6 - M10
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
■
●
Excellent
Good
■15
■8
■15
●8
■15
■8
■15
●8
■22
■18
■25
●18
18
■22
■18
■25
●18
■22
■18
■25
●18
E463
M12
- M20
■22
■18
■25
●18
ISO
Please see Dormer catalogue.
E053
M3 - M20
■22
■18
■25
●18
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
19
General Hints on Milling
1.
Where possible, use climb milling (down milling)
for longer tool life. Climb milling allows easier chip
disposal, less wear, improved surface finish and
lower power requirements compared to conventional
milling (up milling).
2.
Always use a cutter in good condition.
3.
Use well-maintained machine tools with sufficient
power.
4.
Use correct clamping system according to working
operation and type of tool.
5.
Check for damage or wear on the tool shank or in the
holder itself.
6.
Use the shortest cutters recommended for your
application and work as close to the machine head
as possible.
7.
For optimum productivity, use coated or Solid
Carbide cutters.
20
Milling parameters
1.
Identify the type of end milling to be carried out
- type of end mill
- type of centre
2.
Consider the condition and the age of the machine
tool.
3.
Select the best end mill dimensions in order to
minimize the deflection and bending stress
- the highest rigidity
- the largest mill diameter
- avoid excessive overhand of the tool from the tool
holder.
4.
Choose the number of flutes
- more flutes - decreased space for chips increased rigidity - allows faster table feed
- less flutes - increased space for chips decreased rigidity - easy chip ejection.
5.
Determining the correct cutting speed and feed rate
can only be done when the following factors are
known:
- type of material to be machined
- end mill material
- power available at the spindle
- type of finish.
21
Application
Slotting
Roughing
Ball nose
Finishing
Corner
radius
For details on how to use the feed charts in the tables
which follow, please see below.
22
23
↕ 1,5D
↔ 0,1D
↕D
↔ 0,8D
↕ 0,5D
↔D
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
25
28
30
32
36
40
0,010 0,015 0,023 0,029 0,039 0,051 0,071 0,086 0,100 0,114 0,129 0,143 0,113 0,129 0,107 0,114 0,122 0,137 0,133
0,009 0,014 0,021 0,026 0,035 0,046 0,064 0,077 0,090 0,103 0,116 0,129 0,102 0,116 0,096 0,103 0,110 0,123 0,120
T
0,023 0,031 0,032 0,039 0,045 0,051 0,058 0,064 0,064 0,049 0,048 0,049 0,048 0,050 0,051
H
S
0,026 0,034 0,036 0,043 0,050 0,057 0,064 0,071 0,071 0,054 0,053 0,054 0,053 0,056 0,057
G
0,004 0,007 0,012 0,015 0,022 0,026 0,039 0,054 0,065 0,076 0,086 0,087 0,086 0,089 0,095 0,098 0,097 0,095 0,097 0,097
4
B
3
0,004 0,008 0,013 0,017 0,024 0,029 0,043 0,060 0,072 0,084 0,096 0,097 0,096 0,099 0,105 0,109 0,108 0,106 0,108 0,108
2
A
1
Ø mm
mm/z ± 25%
24
3-4
2-3
3-4
3-4
>4
Z
0,5
↕1
↔
↕ 0,5
↔1
↕ 0,5
↔1
0,5
↕1
↔
0,1
↕ 1,5
↔
0,05
↕ 1,5
↔
B
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
0.002
0.003
0.002
0.001
0.6
0.001
0.001
>0,5
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.8
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.003
0.002
0.001
1
0.009
0.007
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.015
0.015
0.010
2
0.017
0.013
0.009
0.010
0.008
0.005
0.030
0.030
0.020
3
0.025
0.020
0.013
0.015
0.012
0.008
0.040
0.040
0.030
4
0.033
0.025
0.017
0.020
0.015
0.010
0.055
0.055
0.040
5
0.035
0.040
0.030
0.020
0.025
0.020
0.013
0.085
0.065
0.045
0.065
0.045
0.015
6
8
0.040
0.045
0.035
0.023
0.040
0.030
0.020
0.100
0.075
0.050
0.075
0.050
0.020
Ø mm
mm/z ± 25%
10
0.055
0.065
0.050
0.035
0.050
0.040
0.027
0.120
0.090
0.060
0.090
0.060
0.025
12
0.065
0.080
0.060
0.040
0.065
0.050
0.035
0.140
0.110
0.075
0.110
0.075
0.030
14
0.080
0.090
0.070
0.050
0.080
0.060
0.040
0.150
0.120
0.080
0.120
0.080
0.035
16
0.090
0.105
0.080
0.055
0.090
0.070
0.050
0.170
0.130
0.090
0.130
0.090
0.040
18
0.100
0.120
0.090
0.060
0.105
0.080
0.055
0.200
0.150
0.100
0.150
0.100
0.050
20
0.110
0.130
0.100
0.070
0.120
0.090
0.060
0.220
0.170
0.120
0.170
0.110
0.060
25
3-4
3-4
Z
4
2
&
4
0,25
↕ 1,5
↔
0,1
↕ 1,5
↔
≤1
↔
0,01
- 0,1
↕
0,1 0,5mm
↔
0,1 0,5mm
↕
4
5
6
0.035
0.028
8
0.040
0.032
A
B
C
A
B
C
S044
0.013
0.012
0.010
0.016
0.015
0.012
0.020
0.018
0.015
0.025
0.022
0.019
0.030
0.027
0.023
0.038
0.034
0.028
0.038
0.034
0.028
0.047
0.042
0.036
0.051
0.046
0.038
0.063
0.057
0.048
0.051
0.046
0.038
0.063
0.057
0.048
0.070
0.063
0.053
0.088
0.079
0.070
10
0.060
0.050
0.050
0.040
Ø mm
mm/z ± 25%
0.050
3
0.030
0.023
0.040
2
0.022
0.017
A
0.015
0.010
BC
BC
A
0.080
0.065
0.070
0.055
0.084
0.076
0.064
0.106
0.094
0.080
12
0.070
0.055
0.060
0.050
0.099
0.088
0.075
0.123
0.110
0.090
14
0.085
0.070
0.113
0.100
0.085
0.141
0.126
0.107
16
0.100
0.080
0.100
0.080
20
0.141
0.125
0.107
0.176
0.155
0.134
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
■
●
C126
C139
C353
C352
C246
C920
C922
z2
z2
z3
z3
z4-6
z3-4
z3-4
1.0 - 30
2.0 - 30
3.0 - 30
3.0 - 20
2.0 - 32
6.0 - 25
6.0 - 40
■60A
■50A
■87B
■54B
■55A
■45A
■79B
■49B
■67A
■55A
■96B
■60B
■61A
■50A
■88B
■55B
■55S
■45S
■79T
■49T
■55S
■45S
■79T
■49T
1.1
Excellent
Good
1.1
1.1
1.1
26
1.1
0.6
■61G
■50G
■88H
■55H
1.1
C428
C492
S102
S122
S302
S322
S044
S201
z3-6
z3-6
z2
z2
z3
z3
z4
z4
6.0 - 40
6.0 - 30
2.0 - 20
2.0 - 20
2.0 - 20
2.0 - 20
2.0 - 20
2.0 - 20
■61G
■50G
■88H
■55H
■55G
■45G
■79H
■49H
■150B
■90B
■120B
■80B
■136B
■82B
■109B
■73B
■150B
■90B
■120B
■80B
■136B
■81B
■109B
■72B
■198B
■131B
■175B
■107B
■250B
3.1
■150B
3.2
■150B
3.3
■125B
3.4
1.1
0.6
1
1
1
27
1
1
1
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
■
●
S241
S250
S251
S332
S503
S532
S190
z4
z4
z4
z4
z2
z4
z2
3.5 - 20
3.0 - 20
6.0 - 20
6.0 - 20
1.0 - 16
6.0 - 16
3.0 - 16
■192B
■115B
■115B
■96B
■220B
■130B
■130B
■110B
■185B
■110B
■110B
■90B
■90B
■80B
■90B
■80B
■300B
■180B
■180B
■150B
■300B
■180B
■180B
■150B
■300B
■180B
■180B
■150B
1
Excellent
Good
1
1
1
28
1
1
1
29
30
mm
1,00
1,50
2,00
2,50
3,00
3,18
3,50
4,00
4,50
4,76
5,00
6,00
6,35
7,00
7,94
8,00
9,00
9,53
10,00
3/
8
5/
16
1/
4
3/
16
1/
8
inch
Tool
Diameter
Metres/Min.
Feet/Min.
2546
1698
1273
1019
849
801
728
637
566
535
509
424
401
364
321
318
283
267
255
26
16
1592
1061
796
637
531
500
455
398
354
334
318
265
251
227
200
199
177
167
159
8
5
3138
2122
1592
1273
1061
1001
909
796
707
669
637
531
501
455
401
398
354
334
318
32
10
4775
3183
2387
1910
1592
1501
1364
1194
1061
1003
955
796
752
682
601
597
531
501
477
50
15
6366
4244
3183
2546
2122
2002
1819
1592
1415
1337
1273
1061
1003
909
802
796
707
668
637
66
20
98
30
40
130
50
165
60
197
9549
6366
4775
3820
3183
3003
2728
2387
2122
2006
1910
1592
1504
1364
1203
1194
1061
1002
955
12732
8488
6366
5093
4244
4004
3638
3183
2829
2675
2546
2122
2005
1819
1604
1592
1415
1336
1273
15916
10610
7958
6366
5305
5005
4547
3979
3537
3344
3183
2653
2506
2274
2004
1989
1768
1670
1592
19099
12732
9549
7639
6366
6006
5457
4775
4244
4012
3820
3183
3008
2728
2405
2387
2122
2004
1910
70
230
22282
14854
11141
8913
7427
7007
6366
5570
4951
4681
4456
3714
3509
3183
2806
2785
2476
2338
2228
REVOLUTIONS PER MINUTE (RPM)
7958
5305
3979
3183
2653
2502
2274
1989
1768
1672
1592
1326
1253
1137
1002
995
884
835
796
82
25
PERIPHERAL CUTTING SPEED
Table of Cutting Speeds, <10mm
80
25465
16977
12732
10186
8488
8008
7176
6366
5659
5350
5093
4244
4010
3638
3207
3183
2829
2672
2546
262
28648
19099
14324
11459
9549
9009
8185
7162
6366
6018
5730
4775
4511
4093
3608
3581
3183
3006
2865
296
90
31831
21221
15916
12732
10610
10010
9095
7958
7074
6687
6366
5305
5013
4547
4009
3979
3537
3340
3183
330
100
35014
23343
17507
14006
11671
11011
10004
8754
7781
7356
7003
5836
5514
5002
4410
4377
3890
3674
3501
362
110
47747
31831
23873
19099
15916
15015
13642
11937
10610
10031
9549
7958
7519
6821
6013
5968
5305
5010
4775
495
150
General Information
31
mm
11,11
12,00
12,70
14,00
14,29
15,00
15,88
16,00
17,46
18,00
19,05
20,00
24,00
25,00
27,00
30,00
32,00
36,00
40,00
50,00
3/
4
11/
16
5/
8
9/
16
1/
2
7/
16
inch
Tool
Diameter
Metres/Min.
Feet/Min.
229
212
201
182
178
170
160
159
146
141
134
127
106
102
94
85
80
71
64
51
26
16
143
133
125
114
111
106
100
99
91
88
84
80
66
64
59
53
50
44
40
32
8
5
287
265
251
227
223
212
200
199
182
177
167
159
133
127
118
106
99
88
80
64
32
10
430
398
376
341
334
318
301
298
273
265
251
239
199
191
177
159
149
133
119
95
50
15
573
531
501
455
446
424
401
398
365
354
334
318
265
255
236
212
199
177
159
127
66
20
716
663
627
568
557
531
501
497
456
442
418
398
332
318
295
265
249
221
199
159
82
25
40
130
50
165
60
197
860
796
752
682
668
637
601
597
547
531
501
477
398
382
354
318
298
265
239
191
1146
1061
1003
909
891
849
802
796
729
707
668
637
531
509
472
424
398
354
318
255
1433
1326
1253
1137
1114
1061
1002
995
912
884
835
796
663
637
589
531
497
442
398
318
1719
1592
1504
1364
1337
1273
1203
1194
1094
1061
1003
955
796
764
707
637
597
531
477
382
REVOLUTIONS PER MINUTE (RPM)
98
30
PERIPHERAL CUTTING SPEED
Table of Cutting Speeds, >10mm
70
2006
1857
1754
1592
1559
1485
1403
1393
1276
1238
1170
1114
928
891
825
743
696
619
557
446
230
80
90
2579
2387
2256
2046
2005
1910
1804
1790
1641
1592
1504
1432
1194
1146
1061
955
895
796
716
573
296
2865
2653
2506
2274
2228
2122
2004
1989
1823
1768
1671
1592
1326
1273
1179
1061
995
884
796
637
330
100
110
3152
2918
2757
2501
2450
2334
2205
2188
2005
1945
1838
1751
1459
1401
1297
1167
1094
973
875
700
362
4298
3979
3760
3410
3341
3183
3007
2984
2735
2653
2506
2387
1989
1910
1768
1592
1492
1326
1194
955
495
150
General Information
2292
2122
2005
1819
1782
1698
1604
1592
1458
1415
1337
1273
1061
1019
943
849
796
707
637
509
262