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23.10.2012
IEEB Increasing Energy Efficiency in Buildings
House Building in Finland
Piteå Seminar 16.10.2012
Kauko Tulla
Kauko.tulla@oamk.fi
Oulu University of Applied Sciences
Based on PTT material made by Kimmo Rautiainen
IEEB Increasing Energy Efficiency in Buildings
The IEEB project has several goals:
1. Build up a Nordic network for promoting energy efficiency of buildings.
2. Develop new competence, know-how and expertise in measuring energy loss to advance design of
passive level houses.
3. To develop a method to characterize and predict the precision in energy performance. The energy
signature of buildings will be measured, its variation established and compared to prior design
calculations. New solutions can then be proposed that decreases the variation in energy performance for
the existing building stock.
4. Pick up best practices and recommendations, based on measurements and real-life information about
energy consumption both for prefabricated private houses and public buildings.
5. Transfer this knowledge to building professionals, such as developers and designers of new buildings, but
also building inspection authorities in the municipalities.
The final result would be complementing expertise to plan and guide the industry and dwelling
builders to build more energy efficient buildings, with better design and materials.
23 October 2012
Olli Oamkilainen
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23.10.2012
IEEB Increasing Energy Efficiency in Buildings
WP1 Management, coordination and communication.
OUAS
WP2 Status - existing practices, standards and improved methods for
field measurement. UU
WP3 Measurements and measurement methods verification.
OUAS
WP4 Energy saving improvements for wooden buildings
LUT
WP5 Sustainable energy efficiency in concrete buildings
NORUT
WP6 Knowledge transfer. Dissemination of results, Exploitation
UU
23 October 2012
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IEEB. Energy eficiency quarter in Oulu
23 October 2012
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23.10.2012
Construction Sector Output in
2011
Total € 28.7 bill.
Building Construction
€ 23.0 bill.
m aint ena nce €
and
1
0.3
Maintenance
€ 1.6 bill.
b.il
ir
pa
Re
Civil Engineering
€ 5.7 bill.
Residential
buildings
€ 5.8 bill.
Residential
buildings
€ 6.1 bill.
Ne
w
Other buildings
€ 4.5 bill.
Investment
€ 4.1 bill.
Other buildings
€ 6.5 bill.
i ll .
b uil ding € 12 .6 b
Source: VTT/ Expert Services Oy
5
Total New Building Construction
4 quarter moving total, milj m3
Source: Statistics Finland, RT
6
3
23.10.2012
Starts on New Dwellings
dwellings
Source: Statistics Finland, RT
7
4
23.10.2012
PTT / KRa
23.10.2012
Finnish Association of Single-Family House
Industries PTT
• Founded in 1999
• Organisation for the manufacturers of pre-fabricated
single-family houses (detached houses)
• PTT promotes:
– The construction of detached houses
– The living in single-family houses
• 17 member companies, over 60 partner companies
• Part of Confederation of Finnish Construction Industries
CFCI (Rakennusteollisuus RT www.rakennusteollisuus.fi/en/)
PTT / KRa
23.10.2012
Member companies
Timber frame houses
Finndomo Oy www.finndomo.fi
Iin Fasadi Oy www.iinfasadi.fi
Jetta-Talo Oy www.jetta-talo.fi
Kastelli-talot Oy www.kastelli.fi
Muurametalot Oy www.muurametalot.fi
Pikanttitalot Oy www.pikanttitalot.fi
Planiatalo Oy www.plania.fi
Pohjolan Designtalo Oy
www.designtalo.fi
Pyhännän Rakenustuote Oy
www.jukkatalo.fi
Oy Simons Element Ab
www.simonselement.fi
Teri-Talot Oy www.teritalot.fi
Log houses
Honkarakenne Oyj www.honka.com
Lapponia House Oy
www.lapponiahouse.com
Nordic Polar House Oy
www.nordicpolarhouse.com
Concrete/masonry houses
Jämerä-kivitalot Oy
www.jamera.fi
Lakka Kivitalot www.lakkakivitalot.fi
Lammi-Kivitalot Oy www.lammi-kivitalot.fi
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23.10.2012
PTT / KRa
23.10.2012
New Detached houses in Finland 2000-2012
20 000
100 %
New Detached Houses
16 000
80 %
70 %
12 000
60 %
50 %
8 000
40 %
30 %
4 000
20 %
Share of pre-fabricated houses (%)
90 %
10 %
0
0%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Pre-fabricated
Other
2009 2010 2011 2012
Est.
Share of pre-fabricated
Source:
Rakennustutkimus RTS Oy
PTT / KRa
23.10.2012
New Dwellings by Building Type in Finland
New dwellings in 2010
2010
Detached houses
Attached houses
Blocks of flats
Other
Total
Share
10 484
40,5 %
2 867
11,1 %
11 762
45,4 %
781
3,0 %
25 894
100 %
Over 40% of new dwellings are detached houses
Source: Statistics Finland www.stat.fi
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23.10.2012
PTT / KRa
23.10.2012
Finnish Dwelling Stock (2010)
Number of
apartments
Detached houses
Attached houses
Blocks of flats
Other
Total
Share
Average floor area
area
1 136 000
40 %
108,4 m²
383 000
14 %
71,2 m²
1 235 000
44 %
56,5 m²
54 000
2%
60,7 m²
2 808 000
100 %
79,5 m²
About one half of Finns live in a detached house
Source: Statistics Finland www.stat.fi
PTT / KRa
23.10.2012
New Holiday Homes 2000-2012
10 000
100 %
90 %
8 000
80 %
70 %
6 000
60 %
50 %
4 000
40 %
30 %
2 000
20 %
10 %
0
0%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Est.
Pre-fabricated
Other
Share of pre-fabricated
Source:
Rakennustutkimus RTS Oy
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23.10.2012
PTT / KRa
23.10.2012
PTT / KRa
23.10.2012
Market
Shares
in 2011
PTT Member Companies
%
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23.10.2012
PTT / KRa
23.10.2012
Trends in Finland
• Pre-fabricated houses will become more popular
– Year 2012: 70 % of new single family houses (year 2000: 60 %)
– New building regulations (energy, environment, quality)  the
significance of craftsmanship !
• The Finns want to live in a detached house
– Almost 60% of the population (only 40 % live in a detached
house)
• Turnkey houses have become popular (ready-to-movein)
– About 30% of all pre-fabricated houses
The market of pre-fabricated houses is expected to grow
www.designtalo.fi
PTT / KRa
23.10.2012
Timber frame houses
• Building methods:
– Pre-fabricated elements
– Pre-cut
• Market share 76 %
• Arguments:
– Pre-fabricated in factory
conditions
– Turnkey –houses
– Energy-efficiency
www.jukkatalo.fi
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23.10.2012
PTT / KRa
23.10.2012
Masonry / concrete houses
• Materials: concrete,
siporex, aircrete, brick etc.
• Market share 12 %
• Usually individually
designed
• Main arguments:
www.harkkokivitalo.fi
– Massive construction
(energy efficiency, good
soundproofing, durable)
– Maintains its value
– Maintenance free
www.kivitaloinfo.fi
PTT / KRa
23.10.2012
Log houses
www.honka.com
• Materials:
– Massive log
– Thermo log / Thermal
log
• Market share 12 % in
detached houses
• Main arguments:
– Ecological material
– Good indoor air
quality
– Energy efficiency
*In holiday homes the market share is much bigger
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23.10.2012
PTT / KRa
23.10.2012
New Energy Regulations in Finland
• In use from the beginning of July 2012
• Totally new calculation method
– Total energy consumption
– Coefficients for different energy forms
– E-value (kWh/m²)
• No changes in the U-value limits set in 2010
PTT / KRa
23.10.2012
E-value
• Total energy consumption
– Heating + Hot tap water + Electricity for lighting
and appliancies
• Different forms of energies are added together
multiplied by energy form coefficient
E  value 
 Total energy consumption  Energy
 
form coefficien t
Heated area m 2
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23.10.2012
PTT / KRa
23.10.2012
Energy form coefficients
• For the first time, the form of energy used has
significance
• Energy coefficients:
–
–
–
–
Renewables (eg. wood, pellet)
District heating
Fossile (eg. heating oil)
Electricity
0,5
0,7
1,0 (baseline)
1,7
• The idea of the coefficients is to promote
– the use of renewables
– energy efficiency
PTT / KRa
23.10.2012
Example: A house heated with district
heating
• The house and hot water is heated with district
heating
– 60 kWh/m² per year
– Coefficient for district heating 0,7
• Electricity is used for lighting and appliances
– 40 kWh/m² per year (standard use of the building)
– Coefficient for electricity 1,7
• E-value = (60 × 0,7 + 40 × 1,7) kWh/m² =
110 kWh/m²
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23.10.2012
PTT / KRa
23.10.2012
E-value
Does not fulfill the requirement for E-number
Electric heating
Low energy + stove
No requirements
For E-number
Pellet heating (normal insulation)
Oil
Low energy
Distric heating (normal insulation)
Heat pump (normal insulation)
Electric heating
Passive house
Electric heating
Passive house + stove
Fulfills the requirement for E-number
Heated net area
PTT / KRa
23.10.2012
Development of U-values in Finland
1976
1978
1985
2003
2007
2010
2012
Outer walls (w/m²,K)
0,40
0,29
0,28
0,25
0,24
0,17
0,17
Roof (w/m²,K)
0,35
0,23
0,22
0,16
0,15
0,09
0,09
Floor (w/m²,K)
0,40
0,40
0,36
0,25
0,24
0,16
0,16
2,1
2,1
2,1
1,4
1,4
1,0
1,0
Air tightness
n50=
4,0*
n50=
4,0*
n50=
4,0*
q50=
4,0
Heat recovery in
ventilation
30%
30%
45%
45%
Window (w/m²,K)
* recommendation
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23.10.2012
PTT / KRa
23.10.2012
Energy Certificate
•
•
•
2008 for new buildings
2009 for existing buildings (when sold /
rented)
Information for the consumer
– Simple way to illustrate the energy
efficiency level
– Successful method (fridges and freezers)
•
Energy Classes of New Detached
Houses
– Year 2009: 21 % in class A
– Year 2010: 48 % in class A (82 % B or
better)
•
New version of the certificate in use
in 2013
PTT / KRa
23.10.2012
5%
16 %
11 %
28 %
54 %
32 %
8%
1%
9%
14 %
1%
13 %
8%
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23.10.2012
PTT / KRa
23.10.2012
Air Tightness
• Improvements during past few years
– Few years ago typical n50-value 4,0
1/h
– Typical value now 1,0…1,5 1/h
– For passive houses under 0,6 1/h
• ”One step in n50-value equals 5-7% in
energy consumption”
• Ventilation  Mechanical
ventilation with heat recovery is a
standard solution in Finland
PTT / KRa
23.10.2012
Passive House
• The Finnish definition (www.passiivi.info)
– Demand for heating energy 20…30 kWh/m²,a
– Need for primary energy 130…140 kWh/m²,a
– Air-tightness n50 < 0,6 1/h
• Already available in the Finnish market
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23.10.2012
PTT / KRa
23.10.2012
”Nearly Zero Energy Building”
•
•
•
Required by the EPBD*
Definition:
– A building that has a very high energy performance
– The very low amount of energy required should be covered to a
very significant extent by energy from renewable sources
(on-site or nearby)
Timetable
– First Finnish definitions in 2013 ?
– From 2019 all new public buildings
– By the end of 2020 all new buildings
* Energy Performance
of Buildings Directive
PTT / KRa
23.10.2012
Trends in Finland
•
•
•
Pre-fabricated houses will become more popular
– Year 2012: 70 % of new single family houses (year 2000: 60 %)
– New building regulations (energy, environment, quality)  the
significance of craftmanship and quality !
The Finns want to live in a detached house
– In Finland about 80% (but only 40 % live in a single-family
house)
Turnkey houses have become popular (ready-to-move-in)
– About 30% of all pre-fabricated houses
The market of pre-fabricated houses is expected to grow
16
23.10.2012
PTT / KRa
23.10.2012
Energy Efficiency is the trend of the decade!
Road-map:
• 2012: Energy consumption -20 %, E-value, the definition of Nearly
Zero Energy building (nZEB), new version of the Energy Certificate
• 2015: E-value -30…-40 %? Minimum requirement for the use of
renewable energy?
• 2017: Requirement for material efficiency?
• 2019: New public buildings must be nZEB
• 2020: All new buildings nZEB
Year 2020 is not far away!
PTT / KRa
23.10.2012
www.pientaloteollisuus.fi
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