Y - USDA Economics, Statistics and Market Information System

FOR RELEASE
1/te
TOBACCO
SITUATION
TS-72
JUNE 10., A.M.
1955
.h~-" ~RT
R-; MANN
LIBRJ>J.(YJ
...
~--------8§~.
--------~
SUPPLY AND DISAPPEARANCE OF
FLUE-CURED AND BURLEY TOBACCO
Bl L. LBS.
4
BURLEY--~
FLUE-CURED
1
o~~~""""""~~~--~~~~~~~~~~
1947-48
1951-52
1947-48
1951-52
1955-56
DA. TA. FOR 1954·55 ARE PREL.IMIH4RY ESTIMA. TES
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
NEG. 1674 ... 55 (5).
During the July 1954-June 1955
marketing year, the disappearance of
flue-cured is likely to total a little more
than in 1953-54 because of increased
exports. For burley, disappearance in
October 1954-September 1955 is expected to total slightly more than in the
preceding year. Exports account for
over 35 percent of flue-cured disappearance and about 7 percent of burley.
AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE
Domestic use of both kinds (mainly in
cigarettes) is expected to be approximately the same as in 1953-54.
The 1954-55 supplies of flue-cured
and burley exceed 1953-54 by 3 and 8
percent, and carryovers at the outset
of 1955-56 will be at record highs.
Acreage allotments have been reduced
(sharply for burley) and smaller crops
are expected this year than last.
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE
A.GR:ICUL.TURE • WASHINGTON
If))
71 3;
/JJ..7
TS-72
- 2STATISTICAL SUMMARY
Average prices at auctions
Flue-cured
Burley
Maryland
Fire-cured
Dark air-cured (35-.36)
Virginia sun-cured (37)
I
Jan,
per
per
per
per
per
per
lb,z
lb.:
lbol
lb. a
lbol
lbol
30.7
1955
Mar,
Feb.
I
'
1Cants
1Cants
!Cents
1Cants
i Cents
tCents
Parity prices
Flue-cured
Burley
Mazyland
Fire-cured
Dark air-cured (35-36)
Virginia sun-cured ( 37)
Parity index
1954
Unit or
base
period
\
Item
Apr.
Jan.
c-
I
I
I
r Cllnts
rCents
1Cents
1Cants
1Cents
per
per
per
per
per
10IInts per
lb. 1
lb. t
lb.r
lb.r
lb.1
lb.t
5.3.0
51.3
53.9
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
53,2
53.0
Sl-.3
5.3.2
51.5
53.9
51.5
54.1
34.8
29.4
34.5
54.1
.34.8
29.4
34.5•
I
I
34.7
29 • .3
34.4
I
Y
I
Tax-paid removals
Cigarettes, small
Cigars, large
Chelling and smoking
Snuff
Accumulated frODI Jan, l
Cigarettes, lllllllll
Cig&IS, large
Chewing and aold.ng
Snuff
1910-14•100
I
I 88 per1 centage
10! a year
1 earlier
Apr.
Mar.
c-1-o-s-e-d
31.9
c-1-o-s-e-d
47.2
40.9
c-1-o-s-e-d
37.0
37.8
34.7 closed
c-1-o-s-e-d
.30.0
.34.5
32.2
26.6
c-1-o-s-e-d
1 - o - s - e - d
c-1-o-s-e-d
45.5
c - 1 -o- s - e - d
30.0- closed
34.1
32.6
2).1
c-1-o-s-e-d
27.1
25.8
C-1-o-s-e-d
31.5
50.9
Feb.
282
282
282
28.3
28.9
402
11.8
3.2
26.7
407
11.6
3.1
32 • .3
477
14• .3
3.8
14.1
3.3
87.9
1,286
.37.7
10.1
118,4 I
1,732 I
51.8 s
13.4 I
53o5
50.9
5.3.5
50.9
54.1
5.3.7
104
90
116
111
103
101
.30.3
34.0
54.1
.35.7
,30 • .3
34.0
51.1
54.2
35.8
,30.4
34.1
5.3.7
51.1
54.2
.35.8
.30.4
34.1
100
10.3
103
283
28.3
264
284
101
.30.4
408
12.7
3.2
28.7
400
11.7
3.3
3i~
104
14.5
3.7
101
97
.30.4
406
12.1
3.2
59.1
608
24.4
92.6
1,276
,38.9
10.2
106
2.6
6.4
.3
2.5
8.6
.4
6.5
2.6
6.4
5.1
15.2
7.8
21.7
110
95
260.6
103
99
99
I
Billion
Million
Mil. lb.
Mil. lb.
I
I
.30.51
446
I
I
!
96
I
Billion
Million
Mil. lb.
Mil. lb.
u.s
3.2
23.4
6.3
Billion
MUllon
Milo lbo
2.7
10.9
o3
2,6
12.2
.4
2.9
6.7
2,)
7,2
.5
,J
Billion
KLllion
Mil. lb.
2.7
l0o9
5.3
8.2
29.8
26.9
402
55.6
609
6.5
99
103
101
I
Tax-free rsmovalll
Cigarettes 1 BDI8l.l.
Cigars, large
Chewing and lllftoking
Accumulated from Jan. 1
Cigarettes 1 small
Cigars, large
Cbewing and smoking
I
I
I
Dispoaable personalin~/1
Index of industrial
production
I
I
y
.J
23.1
.:z
Bil, dol.
:1..2
I
I
I
I
10.7 s
37,0 I
J..5
I
.3
.z
252.3
1947•49•100
125
125
12.3
12.3
I
I
93
2.7
97
60
.3
73
~3
132
133
1.35
1,36
111
60.2
59.9
60.5
61.7
22·4
102
101
I
Employment
tabor force employed
Exports (flmi-eales vt.)
Flue-cured
Burley
Maeyland
Fire-cured
Dark air-cured
Cigar
Accumulated from bsginDing of aarketias yr.
Flue-cured
Burley
Maryland
Fire-cured
Dark air-cured
Cigar filler and binder
Cigar wrapper
General im~rts, all
CO!ll!lodit e8
Accumulated from Jan, 1
Starling area gold and
dollar reserves 2/
!if
Stocks of domestic types
(farm-salea weight) §/
Flue-cured
Burley
Maryland
!"ire-cured
Dark air-cured
Cigar, filler
Cigar, binder
Cigar, wrapper
I
Million
59.6
~rcent
25.1
60.1
24.2
60,1
24.2
60.6
24,6
29.8
1 • .3
16.9
1.8
19.1
1.8
.l
2.3
.8
.l
21,2
4,4
l,l
2,8
I
I
o5
I
Mil.
Milo
Mil.
Milo
Mil.
Mil.
lb.
lb.
lb.
lbo
lb.
lb.
I
I
.4
I
1.3
.5
.s
1
.s
1.2
.4
.5
1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
.61
2!!·1
28.1
3ol
.5
1.5
.6
.4
2~·1
22·0
24.3
2.9
.4
2.2
1.0
27.3
14.3
5.3
.9
900
.s
4.3
2.9
.4
187
,362
400
.344.6
l2o7
3.8
11.7
4.3
1.0
.371.8
18.1
4.7
16.0
7.2
1.0
101
147
162
125
195
2.~
la;!,
294
I
Mil.
Mil.
Mil.
Mil.
Mil.
Mil.
Mil,
lb.
lb.
lb.
lb.
lb.
lb.
lbe
3.30.6
8.7
2.3
I
I
366.6
12.3
2.9
12.8
3.7
1.4
2a!.!
347.5
lO,S
2.8
10.5
2.9
1.4
2a6
83J
833
609
1,642
2z543
2 2583
9.3
2.5
l.l
Milo dolo
MU. dol,
387o6 I
16.61
4,0 I
J$e6 I
4.2 I
1.6•
320.3
9.9
3.4
9.5
3.3
.a
7l
11~
J.J. I
~.~
862
2,504
957t
.3,46lr
870
870
850
1,720
1,019
2,738
3,595
2t685
2a820 •
2zZ63
21681
2 1667
2!686
g.7
I
BS7
I
I
Mil. dol.
I
90
104
95_
I
Mil.
Mil.
Mil.
Mil.
Mil.
Mil.
Mil.
Mil.
lb.
lb.
lb.
lb.
lb.
lb.
lb.
lb.
I
I
I
2,411
1,.308
65
135
75
167
126
I
26
I
I
2,178
1,475•
)8 I
1631
911
2081
l4l t
221
2,$$3
1,4.37
69
124
64
158
117
26
2,.301
1,611
60
165
93
213
l4l
22
106
109
103
101
102
102
100
100
1/ Prices paid, interest, taxes, and flll'lll wage rates, 2/ Quarterly~ual ratei eell,llonallv adjusted. 3/ seasonally adjusted. d
July 1 for nue-cured and cigar wrapper and October I for ather
· s. 51 He d in London. 6/ Deala:i'ii• and manufacturers' bOl ·•
Ings in United States and Pllerto Rico on first ds;y of quarter.
-
Ti./
TS-72
- .3 ---~---~------------
Approved by the Outlook and Situation Board, June .3 1 1955
.
CONTENTS
:
:
:Sumznary •••• e . . . . . . . "' • • e. • • • • •
trcbacco products •••••••••••
:Cigarettes ~····••••••••o••
1 Cigars ••••••••••••••••••••
:smoking··················~
Page=
-·
20-36.;
~.!
3- 5 outlook & situation--leaf tab~
5-11 Flue-cured, types 11-14 ••••• 20-22:
,_
7 B~r~ey,, type 31 ••••••••••••• 22-24,
7- 9 M~lapdj type 32 eoeoo6o•••ll 24-26:
f.
9-10
10-11
: Chewing •••••••••••••••••G&
11
I Snuff •••••••••••••••••••~o
:Exports of u.s. tobacco ·~• 11-15
: British tobacco
r situation •••••••••••••••• 15-17
:Imports & stocks in u, So •• 17-19
mecent changes in tob, leg, • 19-20
',
I<
'
Fire,;.cti:red, types 21--23 • , ....
Dark:~ir~cured and sun-cured,
types -'35-37 ••••••••• • ••• • "•
Cig~, ~ypes 41-62 ••••••••••
Tabl~~~~Acres, yields, cash
receip·~s, Into Rev, collections, and mfrs9t profits ••
Export values per pound •••••
26-29t
i
29-Jl:
31-.36:
:
.37-40:
...
41-48:
SUMMARY
Domestic consumption of flue-cured, the leading cigarette tobacco,
during the July 1954-June 1955 marketing year seems likely to be slightly
• 1 less than a year earlier,
However, exports are expected to total about
'' 5 percent larger and ;-aise total disappearance a little above that of
· 19:53-54. Exports of flue-cured will account for about 37 percent of its
total disappearance and over four.-fifths of the total exports of unmanufactured tobacco.
' '· ·
Domestic consumption of burley, the second ranking cigarette
tobacco, in October 1954-september 1955 may be slightly above that of a
·--year earliero Sizable quantities of burley are also used in the manufacture
'of pipe and chewing tobacco. E~orts of burley are also likely to be above
a year earlier and will probab~y account for over 7 percent of its total
disappearancee
For Maryland, fire-cured, dark air-cured, cigar binder, and. shadegrown cigar wrapper, the 1954-55 domestic use of each is expected to be
•about the same as in 1953-54 but for the continental cigar filler types,
may be smaller than a year earlier. The principal domestic outlet for
-.::Maryland tobacco is cigarettes J for fire-curedJ snuff; and for dark aircured, chewing tobacco. In the current marketing. year, exports of each
of these kinds of tobacco except cigar filler and binder are likely to
exceed those of a year earlier.
Cigar•tte output during the fiscal year ending June .30, 1955, is
est:f.ma,ted at 406 blllion--a.bout 2 percent J.ower t.han in 195.3-54. In the
TS-72
.. 4 .-
year ahead_, cigarette cons~ption is expected to be about the same "'r per ..
haps a little higher~ During· the current fiscal year, retail prices have
increased for several leading king size~ nonfilter brands, due to price
advances by manufacturers. In a few areas, higher State and local tax
levies raised'retail prices for all cigarettes~
Cigar consumption in 1954-55 is ~stimated at about 6,055 million,
slightly lower than in 1953-54~ Cigars are expected to continue above the
6-billion level in the year ahead~ The current fiscal year output of
smoking tobacco estimated at 84 3/4 million pounds is 2 percent greater
than in 1953-54, and is expected to continue at about this level in the
year ~head, Thi$ is the first halt in the decline for smoking tobacco in
several years • Chewing tobacco output in i954-55 probably will be around·_·
81 million pounds--2 percent less than a year earliero A further gradual'
decrease seems likely~ The 1954-55 output of snuff, estimated at about _
38.8 million, is nearly the same as in 1953-54 and probably will not var,y
much from this level in the year ahead,
In the year ending June 30, 1955, total leaf tobacco exports are
expected to approach 555 million pounds (farm-sales weight) compared with
512 million in 1953-54Q Tobacco eiports may increase further in 1955-56,
some of this will be due to operations under the Agricultural Trade Development arid .t'ssistance .P.ct ( P~ 'L"' 480), which provides for the acceptance of
foreign currencies for surplus agricultural products under certain conditions. ·
In general, economic conditions abroad appear favorable to increased tobacco
consumption, and there is a need for larger tobacco stocks in several
countries. However, competition from foreign producing areas is increasing, .
especially from Rhod.esia and Canada which are growing and shipping considerably
more fl~e.:.cured tobacco than a few years ago.
·
·
The 1955 acreage allotments for flue-cured, burley, fire-cured, and·~
dark air-cured tobacco are smaller than a year ago. Assuming per acre yi~lds
for flue-cured are· near the average for recent years, it is probable that_
this ye~'s crop 5 together with the carryover, will provide a slightly
largertota.l supply for 1955-56 than the record of 1954-55. A redetermination of the originally announced 1955 burley quota (as authorized by new
legislation· in'March) and the subsequent overwhelming approval by growers
have placed into' effect sharply reduced burley allotments, The 1955-56
,.
total burley supply may be down about 5 percent from the very high 1954-55 ~'
figure. The total supplies of fire-cured and dark air-cured tobaccos for ·
1955-56 seem likely to be a little lower than for 1954-55.
The 1955 acreage allotments of cigar filler and binder types
( 42-44' ·~nd 51-55) are about the same as in 1954. Pennsylvania cigar filler
(type 41) and Maryland tobacco (type 32) are not under quotas. The 1955-56,
total suppliesof the continental cigar filler t7pes and also the combined ,binder types probably will be smaller than for 1954-55 and below any
previous year. Maryland supplies seem likely to be at least as large as ,
for the· current year. The total supply of domestic shade-grown wrapper ·
for 1955-56 may be a little smaller than for 1954-55.
·
Government price supports for the types under marketing quotas will
be 90 percent of _parity except for fire-cured (7$ percent of the burley
loan l'evel) and dark air- and sun-cured ( 66 2/3 percent of the burley loan
... 5 .,.
TS-72
level)~ The minimum levels of price supptrt for the 1955 crops announced
in early Aprir=by the Department of ftgriculture are close to the pric9
supports for the 1954 crops, In eyery i.r."'!sta.nce il th.e differences from 1954
supports are less than1br£e"fcurths of a cent and mostly less than onehalf cent per pound~ If the pa1~ty prices for the tobaccos eligible for
price support should increase by the begL~ning of the 1955-56 marketing
years, the actual price support levels will be recomputed to reflect the
increaseso u-tEe parities should decline~ the mini.'lll..llllS become the actual
support levels for the 195$ cropsiJ
--
TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Cigarettes
Cigarette output in the United States during the fiscal year endiiig
June 30, 1955 1 is estimated at 406 billion--about 2 percent lower than in
1953-54~ Consumption in this country will probably account fer nearly 92 percent of the total. Most of the remaining 8 percent will be used by overseas
forces or exported commercia.llyo In the yea:r ahead, cigarette consumption
is expected to be at least as much as estimated for 1954-55 and may increase
a little.
Table 1Q- Cigarettes: Output, domestic consumption
.and exports,, for specified periods
Total
Period
outp~t
: Billions
Average:
1935..,39
1940..44
157e0
7~2
33~3
5~5
5~8
332.,2
350e0
369e7
386g8
385oO
267(i2
321c7
33So4
348e5
351Q8
6$o0
30o7
34c3
6e9
24G1
22o8
25,2
19.5
392o0
418e8
J60o2
223~5
~
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
19.52
4350~
423~1
19.53
1954
Domestic I Tax-free removals 5./
__.,.~.!lll}
.. ption :.--~ ~---- ___
;cons
:
l.f
T cta....l.___~E=-=Xl2"'=orts
Bil:Lions .
Billions
Eillio:i1S
~
'•'
't•!.
Year begi;nning July
19.50
:
:
379~7
394~1
38~7
33e2
31.8
38~9
14o3
16e8
40e0
16~4
37QO
l6a2
40lo9
368o6
33.,2
15~4
--...;._-...,Fiscal year----J86o8
----
---
15Q5
369112
407o3
19.51 .
161)5
42241
384oO
19.52
17o0
436o6
396o9
19.53
15.,6
413o6
35o5
377o7
19.54 3/
406,0
373QO
33o0
15o3
!/ As indicated by tax-paid removals" 2/ In addition to exports, tax~ee removals include principally shipmerits to forces overseas .9 to United
States possessions, and shipst stores. 1( Prelimin~ estimates.
Basic data but not the estimates compiled from reports of the Internal
Revenue Service and of the United States Department o.f Commerce.
-
.38al
38o2
39Q5
TS-72
- 6 -
After rising to a record level in the latter half of 1952 and early
1953, cigarette consumption declined through 1954, except for the second
quarter of last year. However~ during the first quarter of 1955, cigarette consumption (as indicated by tax-paid removals· from factories) was
521 percent above the relatively low first quarter of a year earlier but
less than 1 percent above the quarterly average for 1954. Tax data for
the 41 States and the District of Columbia which tax cigarettes indicate
that cigarette consumption was lower in the last half of 1954 than a year
earlier except in 4 instances. But during the first quarter of 1955, cig-':·
arette consumption was above the first quarter of 1954 in 22 instances.
Since July 1, 1954, cigarette prices have advanced in a few areas due to
increases in tax rates. Several other States are considering increasing
their cigarette tax rates.
About mid-April, nearly all leading cigarette manufacturers advanced-'their prices on king size, nonfilter cigarettes. Consequently, prices
of several leading king size brands rose 1 cent per pack at retail--4 or 5
percent. Several leading king size prands were raised from $8.03 to $8.38
per 1,000 (excluding usual trade discounts from list prioes)--a little over
4 percent. Manufacturers • prices include the Federal tax of $4.00 per 1,000.
Excluding the $4.00 Federal excise tax, the percentage increase in manufacturers' prices amounts to 8 ~percent. For some king size brands, the price
increase was smaller--from $8.25 to $8.38 (excluding usual trade discounts).
Based on priv~te estimates of the 1954 proportions of the king size, nonfilter cigarette bran~s, it is probable that the brands on which prices were
increased represented about 25 percent of totai domestic consumption. King
size, nonfilter cigarettes are generally believed to contain around 17 percent more tobacco than regular size cigarettes. Manufacturers' prices (excluding the Federal excise) for the great majority of king size, nonfilter
cigarettes are now 11.1 percent above the pric~s of regular size brands.
Prior to the recent i~crease, manufacturers' prices ~excluding the Federal
excise) for some major king size brands were about 24 percent above prices
of leading regular siz,e brands others were 7. 8 percent higher while some
companies .sold some ki'ng size brands. at the same price as regular size. · 1
J
On 'March 30, the "Tax Rate Extension Act of 1955" was approved. Th;ts
postponed the previously scheduled reduction in .the Federal tax on cigarettes until April 1, 1956. The present rate of $4.00 per 1,000 (8 cents
per pack of 20) then reverts to $3.5.0 per 1,000 (7 cents per pack)--the p;reNovember 1951 rate.
Shipments of tax-free cigarettes to overseas forces in the current
to 15 percent lower than in 1953-54. Also,
to foreign countries may be off slightly.
During the 9 months ending March 31, exports of cigarettes to 7 of the 10 ,
leading outlets were be~ow'a year earlier but th~ total number of cigarettes
going to about 95 other widely scattered foreign-destinations was consider~
ably higher .
,i
y~ar seem likely to be 10
co~e~cial exports of cigarettes
fiscal
''"
.. 7
TS-72
Table
----
~
Cigarette exports from the United States to
leading countries for specified periods
2~-
·--- --;-
Country·
Tangier and Fro Morocco
Venez_uela
Hong ;Rong
Belgium
Sweden
-~-g Year beginning-;- -July=March
•
:
: Average
• 1947-Sl :
~(calendar=
.
~ vear) :
July
:
~
...;;..--- ••
--=:l:;-::9::-::5,..r.-.5;::r;5,_
4
•
•
8
19~2 8
~ ·
~as per.,
.• 1953
~195J..54 ~1954-55. ~centage
1I
1 I
1
J
:
:t
:
!f
:· 1/ · 1/ : of
c
:
:
:
;;;t
:1953-54
:Milllon-~--:::lvi~tl':;"":lliOJi's Millions Millions l-tiiiTons Percent: 1,207
i
984
: 1,104
: 1;152
640
:
2$341
1;>394
826
1~048
740
1;862 .
1,455
924
868
865
1,498
1,073
694
626
545
1,.045
1,220
566
631
391
70
114
82
101
72
644
78
72
118
75
82
il8
r
Panama·· and Canal Zone
Netherl!IDdS Antilles
France
Canada
British ,l~Ialaya
Other countries
y
:
.."
I
648
1$1002
215
372
348
795
542
580
803
632
574
468
371
506
401
502
337
437
311
329
7,057
6,599
4.9826
5>691
809
I
845
535
413
g
11,987
~
Total all countries
•
~ 19~659
99
Y Preliminarytl
g( Includes about 90 to 95 foreign destinationao
'Compiled from publications and records of the United States Department of
Conun,~rc9-d
Cigars
.... - \'
CJ.gar ·consumption ~'1 the United States and by overseas forces in·
the year 'ending June 30, 1955, is estimated at 6,055 million--slightly
lower than in 1953-54c Cigar consumption in the ye'ar ahead is expected
to cconminue above the 6-billion le,rel., The output of conti11ental domestic
factories (accounting for about 95 percent of consumption) during 195455 has been running a little lower than in 1953-54, but over twice as
many cigars have been coming from Puerto Rico as a year earliero Indications, are that. cigars produced in bonded manufacturing warehouses
Using imp9rted Cuban tobacco will be about the.same in 1954~55 as a year
earlier~ 1Last fiscal year, 48 percent of the cigars ~etailing for over
20 cents ~ach and 29 percent of the cigars retailing £or 15.1-20~0 cents
each came ·;rrom bonded manufacturing warehouses<>
TS-72
Table 3.- Cigars 1/:
-
- 8 output and domestic consumption for specified Jeriode
_,
!_
'
L,_.- ....,,...__,.__ - - - - - - ...... -~..-..--..... t
~
' ~- '
2
\
-
-
•
l
Bonded
Frorn
.
:
Puerto
manuImports
Domestic
- :f ac turing:
:
:Rico: Tax.
for
consumption
factories
l
•
:
:Paid with•
warePeriod :
_ , drawala
a h~ua§.L..!.
.'j
t
t From : From 2in United
Total !Tax-'Pa~d ~ax-free !Tax-paid:
: Cuba 1 States
Total
'Philipao
s putpu~ lemovale aremovals 1removals·:
••
: pines e
:Million Million Million Million Million Million Million MinionAverage t z~"1935-39: 5,075
5, O{;J:)
66
192.,4
189.2
3.0
13
27.4
1940-44: 5,450
5,282
15.3
105
199
78.-4
11~6
93.7
u
1
.
:
.
(
--
{'fr
.
.:•
-
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
5s275
5,618
5,488
4,774
5,621
5,460
...
. 5,399
5,594
.:I• · 5,825
5,399
46
5,365
5,518
5,755
5,820
5,691
47
5,645
:
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
0
5,453-
\
1
t
Year beginning
July
1950
1951
1952
1953
.
~,915
5,818
0
~
160
177
196
205
'lj200
26
41
38
85
102
90
90
..
60.,0
. 10.9
0
2o0
3e2
1o4
.6
59e8
20t1
9.1
10.3
10o2
ll.9
14c.3
146)6
16.8
'\•16.,2
o7
lc2
lo9
2o9
3e6
11.1
1.3.0·
12o5
13.4
12.3
1.2
1,2
2o7
3.2
3·6
l2e0
13e0
12Q6
12.6
12 .. 7
22~2
12o5
11~8
85~3
77.8
6,2
s.o
4.6
.7
.7
1.9
9.9
49.5
Fiscal year
:
:
s
5·)532
..•• 5,685
5,911
: 5,849
1954 y . 5,790
:
y
5,588
82
125
124
140
142
469
\
..
5,486
5,619
5,789
5,736
5,700
70
87
94
101
80
173
193
203
199
200
13.3
14.4
15 .. 6
16,2
16.5
Weighing over 3 pounds per 1,000 and including cigarillos.
estimates.
.7
~7
3o3
30.0
61,0
'-) ~-
y
Preliminary
Basic data but not estimates compiled from reports of the Internal Revenue
Service and the United States Department of Comrnerce.
, Tax-free shipments of cigars have declined below those of a year
.earlier. Most of the tax-free group are used by overseas forces and commercial exports are .. relatively small, Estimated imports of cigars increased slightly from 1953-54 ·to 1954-55 but amounted to les.s than onethird of 1 percent of total consumption. :Host of them came from Cuba and
the Philippine Republic.
.. ,;.. 9
'
'
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics indexes, :manufactm-ers 1
prices f,.,r the £our c~gar categoriea..... l~lo.T priced, p~pular priced, medium
priced, and high pricedL•sta~ed th@ same fr~m mid•l953 through April 1955~
'' ) l
.. '
~:or i'...
.t
l
During the first three-fourths of the year ending June 1955, indicated tax-paid withdrawals of cigars selling for 4ol-B~o cents each constituted 48.1 pere~~t of the total--slightly more than a year earlier3
Cigars selling for 8.;1~1$ •.0 cents accounted for 41.,2 percent of the total-a little less thari·:a: yea~ _;earlier • · Higher-priced cigars (selling for over
15 cents) and low":'pr~c~~:·-ci.gars (selling at 4 cents or less) accounted for
6o5 and 4$2 percent-"or-·a:n cigars--each group, a little larger proportionately than a.y~ar e~liers
'•
Smoking Tobacco
The output of smo~ing to6acco during the fiscal year ending June 30,
1955, is estimated at 84 3/4 mi~ion pounds--2 percent more than in
19.53-54o Smoking tobacco consumption in this country accounts for the
great bulk of the output_ and is expected to be stable in the year ahead.
From 1949-50 through 1953-54, output of smoking tobacco for pipes and
roll-your-own cigarettes had declined an average of almost 6 percent
yearly. The 1953-.54 output was more_ than one-fifth lower than the
immediS;te postwar years and dow more than one-half from the prewar
years.
In the first three-fourths of the current fiscal year, indications are that tax-paid cigarette papers showed a 20 percent gain above
the comparable period a year earlier, Probably 50 to 55 percent of "roll
your own" cigarettes are made with tax-paid papers., Cigarette papers
distributed in packets of 25 or less are tax-free and current monthly
data for these are not available~ The most recent data available on
tax-free papers are for 1953-54, which showed a small decline--1.2 percent--from 1952-53. It is estimated that the annual volume of roll-yourown cigarettes is around 12 billion--probably one-fourth less than 5
years ago.
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics index, manufacturers'
prices of smoking tobacco were unchanged from July 19.54 through April
1955 and have fluctuated only 1 or 2 percent in 4 1/2 yearsc
Exports of packaged smoking tobacco in the first 9 months of the
1954-55 fiscal year at 431,000 pounds were practically the same as in
the same period of a year earlier. More went to Canada, the leading
destination, but less went to Sweden and several other countries taking
relatively small amounts~
A substantial quantity of bulk smoking tobacco--much of it semiprocessed--has been exported in recent years, This classification includes especially prepared cigarette tobacco, cut or granulated tobacco,
partially processed blended to~cco, and shredded tobaccoc During the
9 months ending March 31, 1955;d~xports of bulk smoking tobacco totaled
4,337,000 pounds--28 percent more than in the same months of 1953-54.
Spain, the leading outlet, took 1 1 225,000 pounds--up 47 percent--and
Australia, ranking second, took 752,000 pounds in contrast to none a
year earlier$ Among other destina~ions, Mexico and Bolivia got slightly
TS-72
- 10 -
less; Hait:· moderately less, and the Ph.i.l:i.ppine Republic substantially
less than .:.n J:uly 1953-March 19544 However, exports of bulk smoking
tobacco incr~ased moderately to Dominican Republic and substantially to
Panama..
·
T~b~ 4.-0utput of manufactured tobacco in the United States.
.:·~ ,
\; () 't
f I
for specified periods
Chewins
: Fine:
·t Plu~
= Twist :
cut : ScraE : Total :Snuff
:Million Million Million Million Million Million ~lillim
:;eounds ;eounds Eounds E£unds Pounds Eounds Eounds
I
Periolf
:Smoking
Average:
1935-39
~
'
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
:
56.8
195.3
176 .. 2
1940-44
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
·
54e8
168~,~5
59,7
51.8
47,3
45.3
41.9
... 106.4
104c7
107o6
108,1
107.7
101.3
i
96.8
: 86 .. 6
: 83.7
:
40o2
39f;9
39.1
38 .. 1
37e0
t
6.0
6 ..0
4.8
4.6
43o8
47.9
111.4
113.3
37.3
40o7
6.?
4 .. 0
3 .. 8
3.8
3.2
47~7
2~8
46ol
42.2
42.1
39.6
118 ..1
107.5
98.5
96.2
89o9
43 .. 8.
39c4
39o2
40 .. 8
40o9
2.7
2;)8
2.8
2.9
3o0
J9o0
39ol
38 .. 2
38 .. 1'
36.,6
87.4
86 .. 4
84.9
83 .. 8
8lo5
4o.o
5 .. 8
5~2
5 ..6
5.6
5.. 5
4a6
4o8
4 .. 7
4.9
39o5
38o8
39ol
38&5
'i
Fiscal year
Year beginning
July
1950
1951
1952
1953
195411
:
t
•r
~
'
40~1
106~0
98~0
92~3
39Q4
83.1
84.8
37.6
36.7
38.5
5.1
4 .. 5
4.9
4.7
4.9
2.8
2.,8
2.8
2.9
3o0
39r.7
39.0
37.5
37..5
36 .. 5
87.7
85.7
40e4
82.7
81.1
39o0
38"8
83.1
~·-
'
39~1
38~1
1/
Preliminary estimates.
Basic data but not the estimates compiled from reports of the Internal ,, ·
Revenue Service •
~~ '
Chewing Tobacco
Output of chewing tobacco in the United States.during the fiscal
year ending June 30, 1955, is estimated at .a little.ov~r 81 million pounds-2 percent less than ·in 1953-54. Production of chewing .tobacco has declirwd
at an annual rate of 1.8 percent since 1949-50, continuing the downtrend-:
of many years.. During the first three-quarters of 1954-55, manufactures 111
of plug and scrap were 2.9 and 3o7 percent smaller than in the same period').
11 L
of 1953-54 but twist and fine-cut increased 7~~o and 3.2 percent., Plug
1
and scrap made up 45o4 and 44 .. 8 percent of total chewing tobacco, while , ."
twist and fine-cut accounted for 6.1 and 3. 7 percent.
r'
I
'
I
TS-72
- 11 -
According to the index of the Bureau of Labor Statistics) manufacturers ' prices of plug chewing tobacco have been unchanged for several
years.
During the 9 months ending ~arch 31, 1955, exports of chewing tobacco totaled 1,603,000 pounds--13 percent more than in the same period
of 1953-54. Indications are that this was mainly plug and twist--constituting about 2 or 3 percent of total plug output and probably around
25 percent of total twist output. Australia took 40 percent more chewing
tobacco in July 1954-March 1955 than a year earlier but the Philippines
got 4 percent less. These ·two countries took nearly nine-tenths of total chewing tobacco exports.
Snuff'
The output of snuff in the United States in the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1955, probably will be near 38.8 million pounds--almost the same
as in 1953-54. Practically the entire production is consumed in the
United States--mainly in the South and Northwest. Snuff consumption in
the year ahead is likely to continue near the present level. In the aggregate, snuff consumption has been remarkably stable for many years,
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics index, manufacturers'
prices of snuff have been unchanged the last few years.
EXPORTS OF UNMANUFACTURED TOBACCO FROM THE UNITED STATES })
Exports of unmanufactured tobacco from the United States in the
year ending June 30, 1955, are expected to approach 500 million pounds
(roughly 555 million pounds, farm-sales weight equivalent)--about 8 percent above 1953-54 and nearly 12 percent above 1952-53· In 1955-56
tobacco exports may increase further. Much of the tobacco purchased by
some countries in connection with the programs under the Agricultural
Trade Development and Assistance Act (Public Law 48o) probably will be
shipped in 1955-56. This will be tobacco in excess of normal marketings
and for which foreign currencies are accepted. The United States Department of Agriculture has thus far announced arrangements which include
tobacco with the £allowing countries:
United Kingdom--approximately
11
Korea-Spain-II
Japan-"
11
Italy-11
Finland-11
Pakistan-11
Israel--
22 million pounds
11
10
''
9
II
II
6
II
II
11
4.2 11
11
3. 7 11
11
3.6 "
11
11
1/4
Negotiations with other countries are being carried on.
i/ Quantities of tobacco in this section are stated in ter.ms of export
weight, which is less than the equivalent farm-sales weight.
VALUE PER POUND OF TOBACCO
IMPORTS by t:he UNITED KINGDOM
Unstemmed Flue-Cured, by Country of Origin
( PER
80
·60_
40
20
"
- 1.. .
Uniled Slales
1-'
~
,_
-.
..::
.,,
0
1V45
1940
1950
'1955·
*UNITED KINGDOM PENCE CONVERTED TO UNITED STATES CENTS
USING APPROPRIATE YEARLY--AVERAGE EXCHANGE RATES
r-- : . . . .
u.s.
\
., ,.._
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
The value per pound of flue-cured imported into the United Kingdom was practically the same in 1954 as in 1953. For unstemmed
flue-cured, the 1954 value of imports from the United States aver-iged close to 73-1/2 cents per pound--a.!;!_out 1 cent atiove 1953-while that from Southern Rhodesia ave;r~~~ ~2-:1/2 ce_nts--nearly
1 cent lower. Flue-cured imported from ~n:Ula'-dudh!(1954 averaged 62-1/4 cents per pound--about one-half cent above 1953. United
NEG. 8D8-55 (5)
AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE
Kingdom imports of flue-cured from the United States were 8 percent less in 1954 than in 1953 but the quantities from Southern
Rhodesia and Canada increased 10 and 5 percent. Average import
values include leaf !!;rices, freight, and other cost it~ms,_to entry
ports but exclude impory-duties, which since 1949 ~ve-b!f~neequiv­
alent to about $8.15 per- pound for United States tobacco and $7,94
for tobacco from Commonwealth countries.
TS-72
- 13-
In general, industrial activity in most of Western Europe has improved in the past year and gold and dollar res8rves at the end of 1954
were 15 percent above a year earlier. For the sterling area, the gold
and dollar reserves held in London at the end of April tvere 5 percent
lower than a year earlier when they were approaching the high for the
past 3 1/2 yearso At the end of l~rch 1955, German gold reserves were
84 percent greater than a year earlier and they were also larger in
Netherlands, Belgium} Sweden, and Switzerland. At the end of 14a.rch 1955,
short term liabilities to foreigners (principally demand deposits and
United States Government obligatior.s in banks in this country) were well
above a year earlier for Germany, France, Austria~ Portugal, and Spain~
They were about the same as a year earlier for Switzerland 1 Netherlands,
and Sweden but smaller for United Kingdom, Belgium, Norway, and Denmark
and also for such important countries in the Far Pacific as Republic of
the Philippines, Thailand, and Indiao Short term liabilities to Japan
and Indonesia were larger than a year ago.
The major source of dollars to foreigners is the sale of goods
and services to the United States~ Through April of the current fiscal
yearJ the total value of United States merchandise imports from abroad
l'Tas only slightly less than in the compal:'able period of 1953-54. Imports lagged behind a year earlier in the last half of 1954, but in
January-April 1955, they 'vera 4 percent higher than in the same period
of 1954o
During J~ly 1954-Harch 1955, exports of all types of tobacco
combined were larger than in the comparable period of 1953-54 to the
United Kingdom, France, Belgium, 'Port~gal, Switzerland, No~vay, Sweden,
Hong Kong, Australia.~~ India, Pakistan, 1\etv Zealand, and the Philippine
Republic. There was a particularly sharp increase to France but the
totals to Germany, Ireland,, and Indonesia v1ere significantly lower than
in the comparable period of 1953-54. Two other important outlets getting less were Netherlands and Denmarko
\ Foreign countries producing and exporting significant quantities
of flue-cured :f:.obacco include ..Southern Rhodesia, Canada, and India. The
flue-cured crop of Southern Rhodesia now being sold is estimated at near
114 million pounds--5 percent less than a year earliero Acreage in 195354 and 1954-55 was practical~y the same e Yields per acre vrere reduced
by excessive rains in some districts. Prices for early season sales
(8 weeks ending May 5) averaged the equivalent of about 49 cents per
pound~-18 percent above the low average for the corresponding period of
last ·year when much of the lower quality grades was being marketed. The
United Kingdom manufacturers and Southern Rhodesian 11arketing Board have
an agreement whereby purchases up to 85 million pounds may be made in
1955 if price and quality are satisfactorye For each year 1956 through
1958, purchases up to 80 million pounds may be made subject to the price
and-quality conditionso In the past years, actual tobacco imports in~o
the United Kingdom from Southern Rhodesia have been considerably lower
than the maximum quantities provided for in the agreementsG
TS-72
Ta,ble
- 14 -
5c- United S bates exports of unmanufactured tobacco, to principal
importing cuuntries 3 by types, for specified periods
(Declared weight)
-----::......
JulyuoMar"-'c:-.::h~~,_,_
•
:
:
: 1954~55
Cou."'ltry
as per1953
19.54
and
:1953-54;1954-55; centage
type
!I
!I
"};/ : ·~./ : of
:
~
: 1953-54
:Million Millio_n_M-.i~l~li~o-n-Million Million Million
:pounds pounds pounds pound~ pounds pour.ds
Percent
---- ----
------ ---- ----
.
.
.
.
;
Flue-cured
Burley
Maryland
V a, fire-cured
and sun-cured
Kyo & 'l'enn.
One Sucker
Green River
Black Fat, etce
Cigar wrapper
Cigar binder
Cigar filler
Perique
stems, trimmings,
and scrap
319o3
27.0
5e8
C
f
t
6oO
24<>6
3ol
1.7
4.7
)
)9o8
)
\}1
5(>2
2lo8
1.5
2,3
3.2
3ol
2c8
.. 8
.1
4~3
19a5
loO
1.,8
3o9
3o9
3.1
~6
ol
325~4
16118
5.8
329,.7
22.8
6.7
101
136
116
~~o
)('$
3~3
20.9
12!;)0
<>6
1(/4
JoG
2o4
lo6
o6
.1
17~3
94
144
2Ql
2.6
3.9
2.8
1.4
186
130
117
88
374.7
29.,6
8.7
.9
2el
4o5
3.5
1.7
o2
.1
vo1
350
'•(,
---
100
8.1
3o6
JQO
2o6
104
-------2o7
- - -2o5
---__
: 486~4 396o5 518o7 453o6
375~7 395.3
105
·=
====== ===.:===== ::::::==== -
__;.._
Total
'
Country of desti- t
nation:
=
United Kingdom
177o8
54e7 179~7
France
9u0
6~7
4o7
Belgium
22o7
15~6
12o6
Netherlands
: 33~9
36,2
38al
Germany, \rJ:) and E,: 49ol
79~6
71~9
Portugal
8e7
5$0
6o9
Denmark
1lel
9o5
11v8
Ireland
17?7
16~4
l?e5
Switzerland
12Q7
10e7
llo9
Norway
7.9
7,8
7Q4
Sweden
12t4
13~0
10o2
Italy
7o0
2t9
5o6
Hong Kong
:
5GO
3.6
4~1
Australia
; 20o3
24cO
26o7
India-Pakistan
8~1
5o8
2c9
New zealand
5e8
5,4
5a8
Philippine Rep~
7e6
29o7
20Q9
Indonesia
6115
13o6
13o0
Other countries
:-6-.3o._l_ _....
5~3__6...;7_._oTotal
: 48604 396.5 518o7
y
150o0
12~6
12~5
38.1
43.4
7e4
9~6
14,1
11.7
7,6
9o6
3o9
3o5
28,2
124o4
2~3
10<>0
30.1
48t3
3~9
10$6
17o0
8Q2
5o6
10o3
~1
2o5
23a8
146o2
12o8
13.4
27.5
32w4
5.3
9o0
13,0
9.6
6.8
11o2
,2
3~4
2~0
26o9
3,2
6.6
4.5
19e5
13&5
10,.3
10o0
_6_l...;.;o5;__.__.48.,6
453e6 375e7
14.1
4.7
50"6
395v.3
3.5
5.0
118
557
134
91
67 ''
136
85
76
117
121
109
200
136
f
113
160
111
104
47
__
10_4_
105
Preliminary" 2j Less than 50,000 pounds,
Compiled from publications and records of the United States Department of
Commerce()
-lS-
TS-72
*******************
* A special article--Average values *
* Per Pound of Tobacco Exported From*
* the United States--is included in *
* this issue !beginning on p3ge 41 e *
*******************
tl: ·
Canadian production of flue-cured tobacco in 1954 was a record
173 million pounds--30 percent larger than in 1953n About 97 percent of
the 1954 crop was produced in Ontario. The 1955 flue-cured acreage will
be considerably smaller than in 1954. Growers associated with the Ontario
Flue-cured Marketing Association account for a predominant ·share of total
acreage, This Association has approved a cut of 30 percent below last
year~ when 100 percent of the base ·acreage was permitted. The Ontario
Flue-cured Tobacco Marketing Association fixed the minimum average price
for the 1954 flue-cured crop at 42 1/4 cents (plus an additional 2 cents
for tying and grading)~ Actual prices for the great bulk of the Ontario
flue-cured crop are believed to have averaged close to 44 cents per poundc
Canadian cigarette consumption increased 5 percent from 1953 to 1954 and
was substantially above 1951 and 1952 when the higher tax rates, then in
effect, made cigarette prices highera
. ,.
· The preiimi~ary estimate of the 1954-55 harvestings of Indian flueis 95 million pounds--10 percent smaller than a year earlier.
'".~ -~ured
The United Kingdom is the leading outlet for tobacco exports from
these countries(!> In 1954, SB percent of the total shipped from Rhodesia
and Nyasaland and 78 percent of the total shipped from Canada went to
Britain; Tobacco exports from Rhodesia and Nyasaland to Britain were
86 percent flue-cured and the other 14 percent, mainly fire-cured tobacco~
Tobacco exports fran Canada to Britain were predominantly nue-curedo
About 44 percent of the Indian tobacco exports went to Britain--much of
it, stemmed flue-cured. Tobacco exports from Rhodesia and r.:ryasaland
to Britain, Australia, Netherlands, Belgian Congo, Denmark, Egypt,
Nigeria, and Belgium increased from 1953 to 1954 but less went to Germany,
Sweden,Sierra Leone, Union of South Africa, and Indochina~ canadian exports
were larger to Britain, Australia, Jamaica, Netherlands, and TrJesterrl Germany
but smaller to Trinidado The Department of Agriculture in Canada expects
tobacco exports from Canada during 1955 to be over SO percent larger than
the 32 million pounds shipped last yearc Tobacco exports from India showed
only a slight increase from 1953 to 1954& A little more went to Britain,
Aden, and Hong Kong and substantially more to Pakistan and mainland Chinao
Considerably less went to Japan, Indonesia, Netherlands 1 Belgium, and
Ireland than in 19$3Q
British Tobacco Situation
The United Kingdan continues to be the leading export outlet for
United states tobacco although taking a considerably smaller share than
in the prewar and inunediate postwar periodso The 1954 British home consumption at close to 233 millio~ pounds was about 4 percent above 1953
and the third largest on record~ British consumers spent a record
• ~.
ass million pounds sterling (equivalent to about 2ct4 billion dollars) -·~'
for tobacco products in 1954. 'Tobacco expenditures absorbed about 7 percept:-:
TS-72
- 16 -
of total disposable income~ British exports of manufactured tobacco
(93 percent of which was cigarettes) dropped 7 percent from 1953 to 1954
and were the smallest in 9 ye,ars1o
'
....
During July 1954-March 1955, Britain imported 260 million pounds
of tobacco--12 percen~ more than in the comparable period of 1953-54c
About nine-tenths of it was flue-cured. British tobacco imports from the
United States were up 18 percent and that from Rhodesia and Nyasaland
increased 16 percent; also there was about an 8-percent larger quantity
from India., The much heavier tobacco imports from Canada during the first
quarter of 1955 than a year earlier brought the July 1954-March 1955 total
ne~ly even with that for the comparable 9-month period in 1953-54~
A~tbough small in relation to the total, imports of tobacco from Turkey
an~Qreece were up sharply in July 1954-March 1955 compared with a year
earl~er.
~-~ British figures on gross clearances from bond are indicative of the
co!Jlp:ined leaf usings in products for home consumption and export(l In the
?~~pnths through the end of February, gross clearances of unmanufactured
topacco were 3 percent larger ~han. for the comparable period a year earlier,
Th~· usings of tobacco from non-Commonwealth and Commonwealth areas both
in'ereased--constituting 56 and 42 percent of the total, respectively. Gross
clearances of United States flue-cured in July 1954-February 1955 at
93 million pounds were 3 percent larger than in the canparable period a
year earlier,. Gross clearances of flue-cured from Southern Rhodesia,
India, and Canada, totaling about 75 million pounds, increased about the
same percentage, Flue-cured tobacco composes 85 to 90 percent of the total
gross clearances of tobacco in the United Kingdom.
Although British exports of manufactured tobacco products (predominantly cigarettes) from July 1954 through March 1955 were 2 1/2 percent
lower than in the comparable period a year earlier, that shipped in the
first quarter of 1955 was 7 percent above first quarter 1954. The principal
increases were to 1rJest Germany, Gold coast, New Zealand, Aden, saudi Arabia,
and Malaya but tobacco products exported to Singapore and Australia, two
major outlets, decreased.
_
Britain re-exported about 2o5 million pounds of unmanufactured tobacco
·during the 9 months through March 1955--much less than the 3.9 million in
the same months of a year earlier,
stocks of unmanufactured tobacco in the United Kingdom at the end ·
of February 1955 totaled 454· million pounds--almost 9 million more than a'
year earlier. This is the second highest February level since the early
war years but still well below the February average for years just prior to
World lrJar II. p.t the end of February 1955, stocks of United States fluecured in Britain totaled 204 million pounds, 2 percent above a year earlier
and about 1 1/2 times that used in 1954. Stocks of Southern Rhodesian
flue-cured in Britain at 90 million pounds were up 7 percent from a year
earlier--about 1,6 times the 1954. usings. stocks of Indian flue-cured at
52 million pounds were even with-a year earlier and lo7 times the 1954
usings6 Stocks of Canadian flue-cured in Britain at 39 million pounds · · •
were 5 percent above a year earlier and amounted to about 1 1/2 times the ·
~us~Q
~
- 17 -
TS-72
Table 6,- United Kingdom tobacco: Imports, stocks, clearances,
and exports for specified periods
-
:
Gross clearances
Imports 3:,/
from bond 3/_
Exports:Re-exports
: From :
:of
manu... : of unmanud : From : Common-:
:Stocks : Non- :Prefer-:
Perio :United : wealth
:Dec9
3l:prefer-~ ential: Total :factured: factured
tobacco: tobacco
2
:ential
:States : coun- : Total
y
tries
:.
!I
3_1
2/
Mil,.
Mil,
Mil,
Mil,
: Mil.
Mil.
Milo Mil.
Mil.
lb.
lb.
lb.
lb,
lb.
lb.
lb.
lb.
~
Average:
12
232
39
185
47
275
1934-38« 213
57
497
27
62
5
277
63
310
215
255
1939-45: 182
.
-
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
:
•
.
1951
1952
1953 4h
1954 ;t:
-
-
366
201
172
154
144
62
82
97
119
146
433
296
281
302
306
419
445
261
235
204
190
180
61
57
67
81
91
322
292
271
271
271
55
52
45
47
43
7
1
1
2
4
212
67
174
160
131
143
127
139
355
224
316
312
498
430
452
461
183
172
167
168
104
108
116
122
287
280
283
290
51
47
45
41
12
9
4
383
384
390
7
1/ Unmanufactured tobacco, 2/ Since 1946 the full duty rate on tobacco from the
United States and other nonpre?erential areas has been abou~ 3 percent above the
preferential rate on tobacco from Commonwealth areas. In the,rewar period, the full
duty rate was over 25 percent above the preferential rate. 3 Largely withdrawals
for manufactures for home use and export. ~/ Subject to revision.
Compiled from the Annual Statement of Trade and Accounts Rel~ting to Trade and
!avigation of the United Kingdom.
~--
.:
UNITED STATES IMPORTS AND STOCKS OF FOREIGN GROWN TOBACCO
!/
United States imports (for consumption) of unmanufactured tobacco
in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1955, may be a little above the 105 million pounds in 1953-54~ -DUring the first 9 months of the current fiscal
year, tobacco imports were 3,6 percent greater than in the comparable
period of 1953-54.
3/ Imports of tobacco for consumption are on a declared-weight basis and
stocks are on an unstemmed-equivalent basis.
}
~
.
{
TS-72
- 18 -
Table 7.- United States imports for consunttion of unmanufactured tobacco,
from principal supplying countries. for specified periods
(Declared -vreight)
Classificatio-n- :;_- - : - ---;- _-:- --:fuly-Marctl 119/5 4 :1953~:--r954-55
and co~m~ry
: 1 ~4~~~~ 1952 : l9/53
_
of or~ _
:
:
!. : - : 1/ :
1/
Million Million Million Million Million
Mi1~l~~·o_n_
pounds pounds pounds pounds pounds
pounds
Cigarette leaf
Unstemmed
. Turkey
42.2
46.9
56.0
41.7
55.0
56.9
.Greece
10.4
12.1
14.5
14.3
15.6
9·3
Syria
2.4
2.0
3.8
2-9
3·7
3·3
Rhodesia
.4
.1
.1
2
1.3
·1
Yugoslavia
.4
.8
1.1
1.4
2.3
1.9
Italy
.8
1.2
1.3
1.7
1.9
Malta
.2
.2
.2
·3
·3
:
Total
'J.,/
Ciga.r leaf (filler)
Cuba
Stemmed
Unstemmed
Philippine Rep.
Stemmed
Unstemmed
Total ~/
Scrap ·
Cuba
Philippine Rep .
Total ~/
Ci&ar wrapper (unst.)
Indonesia
Cuba
Total
'j_/
Total imports ~/
.
~j
: --e>7T
-----r5. 9 '78". o
79.3
58.1-
12.1
4.4
9·9
4.0
9·7
4.4
9.1
4.7
6.8
3·4
· .1
.2
1.9
.2
.6
4'
.4
'i/
8.1
1.2
8.9
2.3
---"59.9
7.0
4.0
4/
0
4'
_,
~I
9·7
1.4
6.7
1.3
7.1
.9
--16.8
5.2
.4
--5.6
9.4 -'11~ 11.1 -s-:-o- -a~
.8
·3
.8
-3
--1.1
1.1
.4
.4
=====
91-5'
102.9
.4
·5
·9
---:9 =====
105.4
106.4
·3
.4
.3
.4
...,----- ·7
77·9
80 7
L
1/ Preliminary 2/ None or relatively small imports from Italy and Malta
in-1947-50. 3/ Includes relatively small quantities from other countries
not separately listed 4/ Less than 50,000 pounds. 5/ Includes tobacco
stems; not cut; ground~ or pulverized, not shown separately.
Compiled from publications and records of the United States Department of
Commerce.
TS-72
-~-
Nearly three-fourths of total tobacco imports was cigarette leaf,
which was up 3.1 percent--most of the increase coming from Greece, ·
Yugoslavia, and Italy. The July 1954-March 1955 fmports from Turkey-b.Y far the leading supplier--were slightly lower than in the same period
a year earlier and less came from Syria. Imports of cigarette leaf from
Rhodesia have diminished considerably in the last few years. Stocks of
foreign grown cigarette and smoking tobacco in this country were a record
191 million pounds on April 1, 1955,--4 1/2 percent larger than a year
earlier and nearly 13 percent above 2 years earlier.
Cigar leaf filler imports were 4.7 percent larger in July 1954-March 1955 than the same period a year earlier. The major increase was
in unstemmed filler leaf from Cuba. Stemme~ filler imports from the
Philippine Republic were down sharply. Imports of scrap (also largely
used as cigar filler) were about the same as last year--the decrease in
that from the Philippine Republic about offsetting the increase from
Cuba. On April 1 1 1955, stocks of Cuban tobacco in the United States
at 17 million pounds was nearly 5 percent above a year earlier--the
second highest for that .date in 5 years. Stocks of Philippine Islands
tobacco at lo4 million pounds were 8 percent lower than a year earlier.
Unstemmed cigar wrapper imports in July 1954-March 1955 from
Indonesia and Cuba were approximately the same as a year earlier. The
April 1 stocks of Sumatra and Java tobacco in this country (not including leaf held in Free Trade Zone) totaled 338 1 000 pounds. Although up
from a year earlier, stocks of this tobacco were still well below the
5oo,ooo-6oo,OOO-pound level for April in 1951-53. Stocks of Cuban tobacco in the wrapper group totaled 679,000 pounds on April 1--substantially less than a year earlier.
RECENT CHANGES IN TOBACCO LEGISLATION
PUblic Law 21 approved on March 31, 1955, contained several provisions applying only to burley tobacco and al~9 some provisions applying .·
to all kinds of tobacco affected b,y marketing quota and price support
'
legislation. The provisions pertaining only to burley tobacco are discussed on page 22and those pertaining to all kinds are summarized below,
The new legislation•
(1) Provides that the acreage of any kind of tobacco
harvested in excess of the farm acreage allotment
for 1955 or any subsequent year shall not be taken
into account in establishing State andfarm acreage
allotments.
(2) Provides for a reduction in the following year's
farm acreage allotment for any kind of tobacco if
the producer files or aids or acquiesces in the
filing of any false report with respect to the
acreage of tobacco grown on his farm.
TS-72
- 20 ·•
(3) Increases the penalty on the marketing of any kind
of tobacco harvested in excess of individual farm
marketing quotas from 50 to 7.5 percent of the average market price for such tobacco for the preceding
marketing year-.effective for the 19.55 crops.
The penalty rates applicable to the marketing of e~cess tobacco
during the 19.54-5.5 marketing year (19.54 crop) and those th~t will apply
in the 195.5-56 marketing year (19'5 crop) are as follows;
Kind of tobacco
Flue-cured
Burley
Fire-cured
Dark air-cured
Virginia su~cured
Cigar filler and binder
l954 crop
penalty rate
(Cents p!3r pound)
1955 crop
penalty rate
(Cents per pound)
21
26
17
13
16
21
40
37
28
26
24
28
OUTLOOK AND SITUATION FOR TOBACCO LEAF
Flue-Cured, Types 11-lL.
195.5-.56 Supplies
According to farmers' intentions on March 11 about 995,300 acres
of flue-cured '.Jill be grot-m in 19.55--.5 percent less than the 19.54 acreage. This reduction is in line with the reduction in acreage allotments,
and 19.5.5 harvested acreage will be the smallest since 19.50. If 19.5.5
yields per acre should equal the recent .5-year average (after adjusting
for certain relatively low yields), this year Is crop lvould approximate
1,27.5 million pounds--3 percent less than in 1954 and practically the
same as the 19.53 crop•
Carr.yover of flue-cured on July 1, 1955, is expected to be about
2,004 million pounds--nearly 5 percent above a year earlier. The prospective total supply for 19.5.5-56 is around 3,280 million pounds-- 1 1/2
percent larger than for 1954-5.5. Such a supply is nearly 2.67 times the
estimated current year's disappearance compared with an average ratio
of 2.36 for the 5 marketing years, 1947-51.
Flue-cured grow·ers will vote this year on 1-.rhether to continue
marketing quotas for 1 year, 3 years, or to reject quotas.. In July 19.52,
they voted nearly 98 percent in favor of quotas on their 19.53, 19.54, and
19.55 crops. Tt-1o-thirds of the voting growers must approve, in order to
continue quotas in effect.
TS-72
~o~es1-~~ ~ ~ pPor~
- 21 -
During lihe ·current marketing year (July 1954-June 1955), the domestic
use af flue-cured is estimated at 770 million pounds--aJightly lower than in
1953-54. Although cigarette output, the principal outlet, picked up some
during January-March, the total for the first three quarters of the year was
2.4 percent below the same period a year earlier, The 1955-5'6 rate of
domestic use is expected to be as large as and perhaps a little larger than
in the current year(/>
Exports of flue-cured tobacco in the year ending June 30, 1955', ~re
estimated at 455 million pounds (f~sales weight)--5 or 6 percent above
1953-54 and the second largest in 8 years- Flue-cured exports may improve
further in 1955-56.
During the first three-fourths of the cuiTent marketing year 1 flue-cured
exports were slightly ahead of those in the same period of 1953-54, and a
fairly substantial quantity is expected to move to Britain in the final
quartera During July 1954-March 1955, exports of flue-cured to Britain, the
leading export outlet, were 16 percent ahead of a year earlier but those to
Germany, the second ranking outlet, were down 36 percente Among the next
four ranking outlets, Australia and the Philippine Republic increased their
takings ll and 5 percent but Netherlands and Ireland took 9 and 24 percent
less tnan in the comparable period a year earlierQ Belgium, sweden, New
Zealand, Egypt, Norway, India, Pakistan, Hong Kong, France, Spain, Austria,
and British East Africa, all took greater quantities in.July 1954-March 1955
than in the_ same months of 1953-54a However, Indonesia, Denmark, Japan,
Finland, Thailand, Portugal, and Indochina, each took less while Switzerland
and Mexico took nearly the same as a year earlier.
Table 8.- Flue-cured tobacco, types 11-14: Domestic supplies, disappearance, and season average price, averages 1934-38 and 1939-43,
annual 1944-54
(Farm-sales weigh-t""')_ _ _ -~r--- ___
•
.--~,-1
Disappearance 1/ : Average
Year
; Production;st~cks' :Supply :
al :Domestic:Exports: price per
:
: Ju y 1 :
: Tot
: 2/
2/ c })Ound
Million Million Million Million Minion Million
Cents
pounds
pounds pounds pounds_ pounds pounds
-----=
Average~
1934-38 t
1939-43 :
19h4
1945
1946
1947
1948
.
1949
19.50
1951
:
19.52
1953
741
837
845
1,358
1,586
2,194
704
788
338
512
366
276
22,9
27.6
1,087
1,173
1,352
1,317
1,090
1,189
1,126
1,147
1,287
2,276
2,299
2,499
2,604
2,640
1,150
1,152
1,212
1,054
1,102
696
667
659
695
720
454
485
55.3
359
382
42.4
4.3.6
48 • .3
41.2
49.6
1,115
1,257
1,453
1,365
1,272
1,485
1,557
1,731
1,852
1,538
2,653
2,742
3,010
3,096
3,124
1,168
1,185
1,279
1,244
1,209
729
757
777
828
778
439
428
502
416
431
47.2
54.7
52.4
50.3
52,8
1~550
---:----=--------- - - - - - - - -----... - 1/
'!)
1954 2/
:
1,314
1,915
Year beginning July 1.
3,229
Subject to revisi<n,
52.7
TS-72
- 22 -
Prices
Growers received an over-all average of 52.7 cents per pound for
the 1954 crop--very nearly the same as the 52.8 cents for the 1953 crop.t
The average for type 11 was considerably higher in 1954 than 1953 but the
price average for type 12 was down a little and those for types 13 and 14
were moderately lower. The 1954 support level was 47.9 cents per pound-the same as for 1953·
On April 1, the Department of Agriculture announced 48.3 cents per
pound as the minimum level at which the 1955 flue-cured crop would be
supported. The actual level of 1955 price support will be 48.3 cents or
90 percent of the July 1 parity price, whichever is higher.
' ,·
During the 1954 marketing season, growers placed 130 million poundB
under Government loan. This was almost 10 percent of the crop compared
with about 12 percent during,the preceding season. Flue-cured tobacco in
Government loan stocks totaled .about 335 million pounds (farm-sales weight)
•on April 30, 1955. The 1954 crop tobacco accounted for 37 1/2 percent of
' the total; the 1953 crop, 38 3/4 percent; the 1952 crop, 18 percent; and
the 1951 crop, 5 3/4 percent. Of the 1,045 million pounds (not including
the 78 pounds for British option.in 1952) placed under Government loan in
the 7 seasons prior to 1954, aqout 80 percent had been moved into trade
'Channels by April 30, 1955.
'
Burley, Type 31
1955-56 Supplies
':
'
In a record turnout on April 28, burley growers voted 96 percent
in favor of a further cutback in 1955 acreage allotments. New legislation
approved on March 31 author.ized a redetermination of the 1955 burley mar·keting quota and a special referendum to find out if burley growers app~oved.
·;The legislation provided-that for burley no preliminary farm acreage allot~ent could'be reduced more than 25 percent; that previously established
1955 acreage allotments of ,.s~ven-tenths acre or less could be reduced, by
not more than one-tenth acre1 fQr 1955; and that previously established
1955 acreage allotments of five-tenths acre or less would not be further
reduced for 1955. The new Law provides that effective beginning with 1956,
the burley acreage allotment for individual farms for any year(shgll'not
be less than the smallest of (1) the allotment established for the immediately preceding year, (2) five-tenths of an acre, or (3) 10 percent of the
cropland in the farm. However, no allotment of seven~tenths'of an acre or
less can be ·reduced more than one-tenth of an acre in any one year. ··
' I
The redetermined 1955. quota means an allotment totaling about
310,000 acres compared with about 369,000 acres under the original deter~
mination made late ·in November 1954. The new acreage allotment is 26
percent lower than the 1954 harvested acreage. If yields per acre equal
i:.J:ifi.11952-54 average and harvested acreage approximates the allotment, the
1955 crop will be about 450 million pounds--nearly one-third smaller than
in 1954. Last year the burley yield per acre was exceptionally h~avy-a record 1,585 pounds compared with the previous high of 1,403 pounds
in 1952.
\
\
TS-72
... 23 The carryover on october 1, 1955 (beginning of the 1955-56 market-
ing year), is expE;Jcted to be around 1,325 million pounds--11 percent
above a year earlier 0 If the crop should turn out about 450 million
pounds, the 1955-56 total supply of burley may be 1,775 million pounds-5 percent lower than the high 1954-55 figure 0 Such a supply would be
close to 3o30 times the current year's disappearance compared with an
average ratio of 2~85 for the 5 rr~rketing years, 1947-51,
Burley growers will vote later this year on whether to continue
quotas for 1 years, 3 years, cr to reject quotas.
Table 9.- Burley tobacco, type 31: Domestic supplies, disappearance,
and season average price, averages 1934-38
and 1939-43, annual 1944-54
Year
(Farm-sales weight)
Average
=stocks t
t
Disappearance 17
tprice
per
~Production: Oct.,
Supply ~ -;;al :Domes'E!c: Exp~rts
pound
:
:
:
:
: ~ : 2/
: Million Million Million Million M ion Million
Cents
pounds pounds pounds pounds E_ounds
: pounds
.
Average:
1934-38 •
1939-43 j
.
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954 ~/
:
:
.
.•
i:
287
701
'137
591
577
614
485
603
651
759
853
1~106
988
314
376
302
368
12
8
22.2
30.0
902
1,242
1,336
1,467
1,426
1,505
483
483
526
524
.531
474
448
476
496
489
9
35
50
28
42
44oO
39c4
39o 7
48v5
46"0
561
499
618
650
564
974
1,000
981
1,061
1,163
1,535
1,499
1,599
1,711
1$727
535
518
538
548
529
494
488
506
519
494
4l
45o2
49('0
5lo2
50o3
667
1,198
1,865
. 369
941
1/Year beginning October
Domestic
~ ~
Exports
1~
30
32
29
35
52o5
49c8
!( Subject to revision.,
.,
,.
During the year ending-' September 30, 1955, domestic use of
burley may be near 500 million pounds--up slightly from the 1953-54 level
which was the smalle$t in.3 years. Although ~ig~rette manufacture during
the first half of the 1954-55 marketing year was a little lower than in
the corresponding period a year earlier, it increased during the second
quarter. Output of smoking tobacco during the first half of the current
marketing year gained 4.6 percent over a year earlier but output of
plug, twist, and fine-cut chewing combined was down 2.7 percento
TS-72
- 24 \
Ex~orts·
of burley in 1954-55, seem likely to approach 40 million
pounds (farm-sales weight)--possibly 5 million larger than in 1953-54 and
,1: the most in·5 years.
In the first half of the current marketing year, exports of burley were 47 percent larger than in the first half of:·-1953-54.
Germany 1 Belgium, and Sweden took the most in the recent 6 months-registering increases of about 15, 34t'and 14 percent above those a year
earlier. Burley export~ to Portugal &a:so were sharply higher and France
and Austria took substantial quantities in contrast to none during the
first half of 1953-54. Australia took1~arly four times as much as a year
earlier and there were also sharp relative increases to the Philippine
J~epublic, Denmar~i~Switzerland, Hone ·Korig, and the United Kingdom. Nether. ~~nds, the sixth ranking export outlet for burley in 1953-54, took 24
.~ercent l~ss in October· 1954-March 1955 than in the ~pmparable period a
·year earlier'ana a little less went to Mexico, the third ranking outlet
1 .:~ast year • ·"Also, less went to Norway and F~uland but Egypt tookt more.
Prices
·
Growers received an average of 49.8 cents per pound for the lar6e
1954 burley crop. This was 5 percent less than the record $verage f6r the
:high quality 1953 drop but not much \less than for the 1952 crop. T~e 1954
·s~port level·was 4p.4 cents:. per pound--slightly lower than for 1953.
'
.
.
On April 1, th~ ~epartment of Agriculture announced 46.2 cents p~r
pound as the minimum level at which ~he 1955\burley crop would be ~P,orted.
The actual level of 1955 price support will be 46.2 cents or 90 percent
of the October 1 parity price, whichever is higher.
During the 1954 m~rketing· season, growers·placed 222 miilion pounds,
one-third of the crop;' under Government loan--the largest quantity . and the
largest proportion from any burley crop ever to go under Government loan.
Burley tobacco in Government loan stocks totaled about 444 ~illion pounds
(farm-sales weig~t) on.April 30, ~~55:· The 1954 crop tobacco accounted
for 50 percent of this to~al; the 1953 crop, 23 percent; the 1952, 14 percentj the 1951 ~rop, 12 percent; and the 1950 crop, less than l percent.
Of the 669 million pounds placed under Government loan in the 7 seasons
prior to 1954, about 67 percent had been moved into trade 1channels by
April 30, 1955 . ~
(_,
~~
.,.,
" ' ..L.
'1'.: ~}
.,
''
lP·J"·) ··t~·,1't·V
:,Maryland,·
Type
32
. !
\I
.,
•
'..
1
l ~.
I
<
1
\,.
~
~
I
•
!\
'l '
I
1955-56 Supplies
The 1955 prospective acreage of Maryland tobacco, as indicated by
March l farmers' intentions, is 49,000--2 percent less than last year.
Acreage allotments are not in effect. If the 1955 yield per acre should
equal the 1950-54 average, the 1955 crop would be about 40 i million pounds
--5 percent less than last year and.about the same as in 1952 and 1953·
A 40 1/2 million-pound crop plus a carryover next Januar.y 1 that
probably will be at least 70 million pounds will provide a total supply
approximately the same as the 111 mill5.on pounds for the current year~ J/
Maryland tobacco growers will vote later this year on whether a
quota should be in effect on their 1956 crop, the next 3 crops (1956,
1957, 1958), or to reject quotase A two-thirdsi favorable vote is required
to make quotas effective,
Table 10,.-Maryland. tobacco, type 32t Domestic supplie.s, disappearance,
and season average price, ·averages 1934-38 and 1939 ..43,
annual 1944-54
----(Farm-sales weight)
~
='n::-~·_s_a....
p-pe_a_r_an-ce 2/ _ :
:
: St_o_c=-ks--g-~
Year
:Product:ionfolJ.cw:i.ng~ Supply : T tal ~ Dorr.estic ~ Exports
0
:
:Jan,·ll/~
1/
:
z
3/ : 3/
_ _ _____;:-,Million Mili"ion Million Million--m::llioo I1i.Il~on
: pound!_ pounds
pounds
pounds
pounds
poun~
Average: :
1934-38 :
3Be4
21al
1939-43 :
43~t2
26.1
:
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
38.2
:
1a.4
46.2
37.8
:
:
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
:
:
44~9
35.o
46.9
41,2
45.5
53.4
4o.o
41.6
40.2
40,5
y
37.6
46.5
32e4
59.3
64.9
65.4
64.9
3le2
30G3
28.,8
24o2
82.7
34eO
34o3
37(;)0
281;13
27a0
27.7
75.8
78.6
81,9
86.7
93.4
100,9
105.1
105.9
2.4
6.1
5.7
7o3
9o3
Average
price per
pound
Million
pounds
19.7
37.2
55.5
57o0
44c5
42.8
54.4
28._0
27'}1
26()7
'!7 ~4
32~4
7o8
48o8
BoO
54.5
28.4
8o4
6.6
48.3
48o2
44"8
42.5
- Y For
marketing quota purposes, the carirlyover and total supply of Maryland
tobacco are calculated as of the January 1 falling within the marketing year-the 12 months period, October 1 ·through September 30~ 2/ Year beginning October
1, 3/ Subject to revision.
-
--
Domestic Use and Exports
Domestic use of Maryland tobacco during October 1954-September 1955
is estimated at around 29 million pounds--close to 1 million pounds above
the 1953-54 figure.
j( For marketing quota purposes, the carryover and total supply of l~ry1and tobacco are calculated as of January 1 falling within the marketing
Year--the 12-month period, October 1 through September 30~ Disappearances
are calculated on the October-september basis.
TS-72
- 26 -
Exports of Maryland tobacco during 1954-55 seem likely to be about
9 million pounds (farm-sales weight)··~Qjnpared with 8 million a year earlier.
In the first half of current marketing'jear, they ran 64 percent ahead of
the first half of last year and considerably heavier than in the comparable
period for the last several years. Switzerland accounted for 79 percent
of the October 1954-March 1955 shipments~-taking more than twice as much
as in the same months of 1953-54. Netherlands and Spain also took more but
less went to Germany and Belgium.
Prices
Auction markets for the 1954 Maryland :·crop began on May 3 and for
sales through June 3, averaged 44.9 cents per pound. The auction volume
marketed by this date -v;ras about 13 million pounds. The average auction
price for the comparable period__ of last year was 56.7 cents per pound.
Averag~ prices for practically ~11 grades were lower than a year ago. The
propo:M:ions of low and fair quality offerings have been grea}ter than last
- '-.
season.
,_,_
...1 :
L
I
I
\);
.L
I
The Balti!nore hogshead market,bpened for competit·iye bidding on May
5 and through early June, receipts totaled a4million pounds. This, together with the auction volume, would account for about -36i percent of total
1954 production.
·'
··_The 1954 crop is not receiving Government price support since a
markettng quota -was not approved by .a,1 majority sufficient' to place it into
effect.· The sa:me is true f'or the 195'5 crop so-that when'-it is marketed in
the spring and sUmmer of 1956, price ! 'support oaiUlot be ma'de available.
-
(
For the 1953 crop as a whole, the season average price was 54t cents.
This crop was under a marketing quota and the.Government support -level was
50. 4 cents per pound.
i
. £_
:
.\
'
Growers !>laced about 6. 7 million pounds '6-f the 195:3 crop under government loan--about one-s:hxth of the crop. The1' Government loan stocks of
Maryland tobacco at the end of April 1955 totaled about 13 million pounds
(farm-sales weight). About 49 percent was 1953 crop tobacco; 33 2/3 percent,
1950 crop, 6 2/3 percent 1949 crop, and 10 2/3 percent, 1948 crop. The
quantity remaining under loan at the end of April represented about 73 percent of the to~~l placed under loan from these 4 crops.
(
I
,('
•'
1
'•.
Fire-Cured, Types 21-23
1955-56 Su;pplies
According to farmers' intentions as of March 1 1 the 1955 acreage of
fire-cured tobacco was indicated at 46,600--10 percent less than the 1954
harvested acreage and in line with the reduction in allotments from a year.
earlier. Indicated acreages for types 21 and 22 will be the smallest on
record and for type 23, the second smallest on record. Based on intended
acreage, if yields per acre should be near the recent 5-year average (excluding the low 1953 figure), production ·in 1955 would be about 55 million
pounds--11 percent below 1954 but well above the drought-reduced crop of 1953·
TS-72
- 27 -
The carryover on October 1 (beginning of the 1955-56 marketing year)
is estimated at about 131 million pounds--2 percent less than on last October 1. The new crop, plus this carryover, will provide a total supply of
around 186 million pounds for 1955-56--about 5 percent lower than in each
of the 2 preceding years.
Domestic
~ ~
ExPorts
During the October 1954-September 1955 marketing year, domestic use
of fire-cured tobacco is expected to be around 33 million pounds--practically the s~e as in 1953-54. During the first half of the ctirrent marketing year, output of snuff--the major domestic outlet--has been nearly the
same as in the corresponding period a year earlier.
The 1954-55 exports may reach 32 million pounds (farm-sales weight)-3 or 4 million larger than in 1953-54 and the largest in 4 years. During
the first half of 1954-55, exports of fire-cured tobacco were well ahead of
the unusually low first half shipments of 1953-54. The exports of KentuckyTennessee fire-cured tobacco were up one-third from a year earlier. Netherlands, the leading outlet, increased her takings 9 percent and accounted for
30 percent of the first half total. France, ranking next, got over 3 million pounds in contrast to none during the first half of 1953-54. During
the latter half of the 1953-54 marketing year, France took a sizable quantity of Kentucky-Tennssee tobacco. Large proportions of the quantities to
France were due to the program under Section 550 of the 1953 Mutual Security Act whereby local currencies were accepted for exports of surplus commodities. Exports of these types to the United Kingdom were much higher
than in each of the previous 2 years. First half 1954-55 shipments to Norway and Belgian Congo were considerably larger, but those to Switzerland,
French Africa, Denmark, Ireland, Indonesia, and Gold Coast were considerably
smaller than during the first half of 1953-54. Belgium and SWeden e~ch took
almost as much as a year earlier.
Exports of Virginia fire-cured tobacco during October 1954-March
1955 were 7 percent less than in the same period, 1953-54. Norway and Sweden, accounting for 41 and 17 percent of the total, took 31 and 21 percent
less than a year earlier but considerably more went to the United·Kingdom
and Netherlands. Switzerland and Australia each got less but more went to
New Zealand.
Prices
The 1954 season average price for all fire-cured combined at 37.8
cents per pound was 12 percent above the average for the considerably lower
quality 1953 crop and just topped the average for the 1952 crop. The
Kentucky-Tennessee types 22 and 23 averages were 40.8 cents and 32.4 cents
per pound--up 5.9 and 4.5 cents, respectively, from a year earlier. However, the Virginia type 21 average at 34.4 cents per pound was 1.2 cents
less than for the 1953 crop. The 1954 Government support level for firecured tobacco was 34.8 cents per pound.
~-72
- 28 ...
Table llo- Fire-cured toba~eo, types 21-24: Domestic supplies,
disappearance, and season:average price~ averagea 1934-38 and
l- j"·,;·
19.39-4:3, ;;annual 1944..$4
''
wei~t)
.
. DisapEearance 7Z
Average
Stocks .
Year
•• Domestic: Exports . price per
: Produc tiom
Supply .
,,
. Total ___y : 2L
: Oot3ll .
EOUUd
Million Million~Million Million Million Million
.• pounds
pounds11·
Cents
Eounds
Eounds
Eounds
:
69('8
10.2
:53-.2
1934-38 . ll0.2
123.0
194.2
304o4
821}4
(Farm-sales
t
~
0
~
0
t
I
~unds
~) ~
Ave~age:
165.2
247o6
74.9
53.5
21o4
66.1
58.3
108.9
86.4
73o2
173?5
13lo8
104 .. 9
143(14
162.6
239l)6
190ol
213e8
229(,18
235o8
107~8
85o2
7014
' 67.2
77.9
431)9
37 o6
,·36o0
36.9
34.7
44.6
34.4
30o3
43.2
?2.2
58.3
59.5
58.2
48 .. 9
157o9
164o9
147.2
146.9
146o3
230 .. 1
223 .. 2
206o7
205.,1
l95o2
65.2
76 .. 0
59.8
58.8
61o2
36o5
36 .. 7
32"2
29e6
32.9
62.2
134oO
196.2
1939-43
:1944
1945
1946
.•:
'·1948
:
:
:
1~47
.
.•z
..•
1949
1950
191.$1
19~2
.
195'.3
')
~
;:.~
1j54
y
/
cq Year
'
'
'
'',I
'1
-<
"·
beginning October 1.
.
y
'
Subj~ct
63.~
28.7
39.3
27o6
29e2
28.3
'
14.9
24S
31'15
a6,o
29.5
31.9
29.8
31.2
4o.o
37.6
33.8
37.8
to revision.
On April 1~ the Department announced 34.6 cents as the minimum level
at which the 1955 crop of fire-cured tobacco would be supported. The
support for fire-cured is computed at 75 percent of the burley support level.
If burley parity and, consequently, its stipport level are higher as of Ooteber
1 1 1955, the actual price support for the 1955 ·fire-cured crop would also
increase. Ifthere ·!3hould be a decline, the a:hriounced minimum will become
the actual support for 1955 crop marketings of fire-cured tobaccoo
'jJ'
During the 1954 crop marketing season, about 6.9 million pounds of
fire-cured (11 percent of the crop) were placed under Government loanncom•
pared with 8.2 million pounds (17 percent of the much smaller crop) in the
1953 marketing season. In the 1954 season, 20 percent of type 21, 7 percent ·of type 22, and 15 percent of type 23 went under Government loano
The volume of Virginia type 21 placed under loan was much mgher than a
') year earlier, but that for type Q2 was far lower and the smallest for any
:[ season since 1945. For type 23, the loan volu.>ne was only moderately above
-r,·that in the 1953 season although the 1954 crop was much largero
TS-72
- 29 -
The quantity of fire-cured remaining under Gover~~ent lean at the
end of April 1955 totaled about 52 million pounds (farm-sales weight).
The 1954 crop accounted for nearly 13 percent of this total; the 1953
cropJ 13 percent, the 1952 crop, 14 1/2 percent; the 1951 crop, 9 percent,
and the 1946-50 crops, the remaining 50 l/2 percent~ Of the nearly 157 million pounds placed urJder Government loan in the 7 seasons prior to 1954,
about 71 percent had been moved into trade channels by April 30, 1955,
Dark Air-Cured and Sun-Cured, Types 35-37
1955-56 Supplies
According to farmers' intentions as of March 1, the 1955 acreage
of dark air-cured and sun-cured tobacco was indicated at 23,800--9 percent
less than the 1954 harvested acreage. The indicated acreage of KentuckyTennessee dark air-cured (types 35-36) was down about in line with the
reduction in acreage allotments from a year earlier. The 1955 acreage
allotments for type 37 were about the same as in 1954 but intended acreage was up about 5 percent--indicating that allotments for this type may
be·more fully planted than in 1954. Based on intended acreage and yields.
per acre about equal to the recent 5-year average (adjusted for the abnormal lows for all types in 1953 and type 35 in 1950), the production of
dark· air-cured and sun-cured tobacco in 1955 would total about 30 million
pounds$ This would be 13 percent less than in 1954 and probably the
fourth smallest in histor,y. In 1954 yields p~r acre for the KentuckyTennessee dark air-cured were the highest on record,
The carryover on October 1 (beginning of the 1955-56 marketing
year). is estimated at about 78 million pounds--3 percent above last Octo.
ber 1. The new crop plus this car~ycver will provide a total 1955-56
supply of around 108·million pounds--about 2 percent less than for 1954-55~
Domestic
~·and
Exports
· During the marketing year October 1954-September 1955, domestic
use of dark air-cured is estimated at 22 million pounds--~ little lower
than in 1953.-54e Chewing tobacco manufacture--the main outlet--was lower
in the first half of the current marketing year than in the like period
of 1953-54~
· · Exports of the dark air-cured types were sharply higher during
October 1954-March 1955 than in the comparable period a year earlier and
may total around 10 million pounds (farm-sales weight) for 1954-55 as a
wholeo During the first half of 1954-55, exports of One Sucker (type 35)
were nearly twice as much as in the whole of 1953-54. France got a substantial quantity and nearly 1 million pounds went in March 1955 to Madagascar--not heretofore an outlet for this tobacco~ This was attributable
to the program under Section 550 of the Mutual Security Act of 1953, under
which local currencies were accepted for exports of surplus commoditieso
Belgium took considerably more than in all of 1953-54. First half takings
of Nigeria were much lower than in the same period a year earlier and
Netherlands also to9k moderately less. The exports of Green River tobacco
(type 36) during October 1954-March 1955 were substantially larger than in
TS-72
- 30 -
all of 1953-54# First half 1954-55 takings by the United Kir..gdom (the
leading outlet) were over 60 pe.r.oent above the same period of
1953-...54.
A
substantial quantity went to France &"'ld. also some to Ireland in eontrast
to none in the comparable period. of 1953-5'4. However, much less went to
, Netherlands (second ranking outlet in 1953..,.54) and none was recorded as
going to Belgium~
Exports of Black Fat during October 1954-March 1955 were 60 percent
ahead of those in the same period a year earlier. Nigeria and Gold CoastJ
accounting for nearly three-fourths of the total, took 47 and 57 percent
more, respectively~ Black Fat to French 1rJest Africa more than doubled.
Table 12.- Dark air-cured and sun-cured tobacco, types 35-31;
supplies, disappear~1ce, and season average price,
averages 1934-38 and 1939-43, annual 1944-54
Year
Average:
1934-38
1939-43
.
(Farm-sales weight~
: Average
:__: ~p_~a::.9e !1
:Product~on~ 0 ... .~. .~,:Supply a Total :nonwftic~Exports :price per
:
'-' V 0
:
;
:
...t. 1
:
2/
1· .. pound
......
-......:,;
J'!Jillion M.illiotl Nillion :Hilllon Million Million
Cents
: pou~ pounds pounds pou!lds Eounds pounds_
:
.
~Stock '
----
35~5
36 .. 7
62e8
6C:.,.,.J..
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
44-9
h3.,6
h9.6
.37l)2
57.7
60.4
60.4
72~ 7
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
36.2
28,6
31.7
1954
t
34~8
33~8
261)6
y
Domestic
34 .. 6
~..--....
98<;..3
101~8
1021>6
104~0
110,0
109~9
77o2
112v0
74.5
80.8
79oal
110.7
109.4
104o7
108o4
l05o7
75\)8
110.,4
73~0
74~6
39e0
36.4
27(!0
3le9
42~2
35.9
30.5
29 .. 7
26.3
22.7
43o6
37.3
32.7
37.5
29.9
36~4
30.1
29.3
29&9
23c.l
25.6
21 .. .5
22,7
22e8
121'>0
4o5
6.3
9.4
13o9
23.3
13~1
25~2
7~6
6~4
146)8
22.5
25.8
28.7
6~8
. 28.2
24.6
34.3
31.6
25$9
10,.8
Bt.6
6~6
7·1
34.1
1/ Year beginning October lt
Subject to revision~
~/
Prices
The 1954 season average price for dark air-cured and sun-cured
tobacco combined was 34ol bents per pound--8.2 cents higher than for the
195'3 crop, which was of cons~_derably lower quality. season averages for
the Kentucky-Tennessee types 35 and 36 were 34&1 and 34~7 cents per pound,
respectively, and were near-record and record highs for these types, The
Virginia sun-cured average price was 32.2 cents--slightly above 1953 and
1952 but a little below 1951 and '1950.. The Government support level for
the 1954 crops for dark air-cured and sun-cured tobacco was 30.9 cents per
pound~
TS-72
- 31 -
On April 1, the Department announced 30.8 cents as the minimum
level at which the 1955 crops of dark air-cured and sun-cured would be
supported. The support for these types is computed at 66 2/3 percent of
the burley support level. If burley parity and, consequently, its support
level are higher a6 of October 1, 1955, the actual price support for the
1955 crops of these types would also increase. If there should be a decline) the announced minlmum will become the act~ support for 1955 crop
marketings.
During the 1954 crop marketing season, about 7.2 million pounds
(23 percent cf production) of the dark air-cured types 35-36 "'ere placed
under Government loan. Deliveries of One Sucker for loans were smaller
but, of Green P.iver, were larger than a year earlier. However, in relation
to the larger size 1955 crops, both types had the smallest percentage in
.4 seasons. Relatively little Virginia sun-cured type 37 was placed under
loan.
The quantity of dark air-cured tobacco remaining under Government
loan at the end of April 1955 totaled 37 million po~ds (farm-sales weight).
The 1954 crop accounted for nearly 19 percent of this total; the 1953 crop,
18 percentj the 1952 crop, 23 percent; the 1951 crop, 17 percent; and the
1947-50 crops, the remaining 23 percent. Of the 72 million pounds placed
under Government loan in the 7 seasons prior to 1954, about 58 percent had
been moved into trade channels by April 30, 1955.
Cigar, Types 41-62
1955-56 Supplies
Filler: The prospective acreage of continen~al filler types, as
indicated by farmers' intentions as of March 1; is 29,8oO--moderately lower
than in 1954. The intended acreage of Pennsylvania type 41 (84 percent of
continental filler acreage) is smaller but the Ohio filler types 42-44
acreage was up a little. Based on intended acreage and yields per acre
about equal to the 1950-54 average, filler production this year will be
near 46 million pounds--10 percent smaller than in 1954. In the Ohio area
last year, yields per acre were unusually heavy and above any previous
year. The carryover next October 1 seems likely to be around 125 million
pounds--4 percent less than last October 1 and the smallest in 7 years.
The 1955-56 total supply--this year's crop plus carryover--may thus ap- ·
proximate 171 million pounds--5 or 6 percent below 1954-55 and below any
previous year.
Puerto Rican cigar filler (type 46) is planted in the fall and
harvested mostly in the early months of the next calendar year. The last
estimate from Puerto Rico for the 1954-55 crop is 32 milllon pounds--6 percent below 1953-54. Manufacturers' and dealers' stocks of Puerto Rican
tobacco on April 1, 1955J totaled nearly 55 million pounds--up about 6 percent from a year earlier. Stocks in the United States showed the increase
While those on the Island held about even with a year earlier.
TS-72
- 32 Table 13.- Shipments of tobacco Prom Puerto Rico to the
United States, for specified periods
·:
Classification
Stemmed
LJnstemmed
Scrap
Total
Average
1947-Sl
1952
iYlillion
pounds
NIIiion
pounds
9.9
.8
6.1
16.8
195.3
1954
Eounds
pounds
14.6
.6
6s5
11,1
.9
14 .. 6
h.2
5Q4
21.7
16.2
20.8
.
Millian·--Million
~8
Compiled from publications and records of the United States Department
of Commerce.
Binder: Based on farmers' intentions as of March 1, the 1955
acreage of the combined binder t-rpes is indicated at 31,500--8 percent
above the 1954 harvested acreage. Intended acreage of Connecticut Valley
Broadleaf (tYPe 51) is up quite sharply but the Connecticut Valley Havana
Seed (type·)2) and Wisconsin (types 54-55) were up about 2 to 5 percent.
It appears that acreage allotments in the binder types may be more fully
planted thap heretofore. If yields per acre should €qual the 195o-S4
average (19t4 yields in the Wisconsin types were at record levels), the
1955 production of the combined binder types would be about SO million
pounds--5 percent greater than in 1954. The carryover of cigar binder
types next October 1 is estimated at about 115 million pounds--4 percent
below last October 1 and the smallest in 9 years~ The 1955-56 total supply-carryover plus this year's crop--at around 165 million pounds may be 2 or
3 million lower than for 1954-55 and the smallest on record.
Wrapper: The prospective acreage of shade-grown wrapper according
to March 1 indications is 13:000-•the same as that harvested in 1954.
Based on this acreage and yields per acre averaging about the same as
1950-54, the 1955 production would range between 15 to 16 million pounds
compared with 16.4 million ln 1954. Last year, the Connecticut Valley
type 61 yields averaged the second highest on record and the GeorgiaFlorida type 62 yields were the highest in history. The carryover on
July 1 is estimated at a little over 18 million pounds--not greatly different than last July 1, which was the lowest in 5 years. The 1955-56 total
supply--carryover plus production--probably will be 33 to 34 million pounds
compared with 34.6 million for· 1954-55.
TS-72
.,. 33 Table 14.- Cigar tobacco, types 41-55: Domestic supplies>
disappearance, and season· average price, averages
1934-38 and 1939-43, annual 1944-54
__ ---=- ___ - ._ (Farm-. sales we1.· ght~)__
Type
and
yee.r
:Disappearance: Average
·
·
year b eg1n:pr1ce
per
nj_ng Oct. 1
pound
Million Million
Million
--pounds
pounds
pounds
Cents
. . Productiovu ...· Oct.
Stocks,:: 0upp
c
1y
1
Nillion
£OUnds
Filler types 41-44
Average:
48.9
60.0
154.1
159·9
208.8
214.0
54.4
59·3
10.4
13.6
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
54.6
45.4
57·3
6o.6
68.3
145.4
142.9
128.8
122.2
123.7
200.0
188 3
186.1
182.8
192.0
57.1
59.5
63.9
59.1
6o .1
19.5
32.8
30.6'
25.8
1949
1950· i'
195Jl,.
1952
65.4
65.7
63.0
44.5
44.3
131.9
143.8
157.4
161.0
146.5
197·3
209.5
220.4
205.5
190.8
53·5
52.1
59.4
59.0
61.0
26.2
25.2
19.6·.
25.2'
26.2
51.1
129 8
180.9
41.8
59.8
165 ::..
130.6
206.9
190.4
60.5
61.4
12.5
19.7
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
57·7
63·5
74 1
69.4
60.5
108.5
102.3
103.5
123.7
125.8
166.2
165.8
177.6
193·1
186.3
63.9
62.3
53.9
67.3
63.1
30.9
47.7
52.7
. 43.4
41.2
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
61.7'
65.0
49.8
47.0
47.4
123.2
135.1
142.5
134.8
125.2
184.9
200.1
192·3
181.8
172.6
49.8
57.6
57.5
56.6
52.8
36.0
35.8'
38.1
38.6
44.7
47.7
119.8
167.5
1934-38 1/
1939-43 -
19~3
1954. -2/
Binder types 51-55
Average:
.
26.6
J/:
1934-38
1939-43
1954
34.0
..
1/ Includes small q~antity of type ~5.
small quantity·, of type 56 through 1948 '
g/
Subject to revision.
39·9
J/
Includes
TS-72
- 34 -
Table 15.- Cigar wrapper tobaccct types 61-62: Domestic suppli~s;
disappearance} and season average price, averages 1934-38
and 1939-43, annual 1944~54
- - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _(~F_ar_rr:-sa1es weig_ht_.)'-7---_ _ - - - Type and
:
tstooks ~
i Disappearance
.l.Werage
year
~Production: July 1' =supply :year beginning:price per
- - - - - - - - - - ----~ _
: ,
:
.r_uly 1
: pound
: M:iJ.li.:m Million Million
Hillion
: E.;n.i.n~.;;- ,Pound~- pounds
poun~L
Cents
1.Vrapper types 61-62
pverage:
11$8 20.2
1934..38
8cy4
78e3
9.3
10 0 0
108~7
12o5 22.6
1939-43
9.2
1944
1945
1946
1947
19h8
••
11~3
.•
12S
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
19$'4 !/
!/ Subject
Domestic
25.6
15 . 1
14e3
14.-7
13&6
13.4
14.5
17;;3
15,,5
14o9
16 .. 6
19o4
201)0
14~7
21..2
14o8
19.3
34.1
18.2
34~6
11~2
13~5
25119
26.1
26,.9
29.6
33.9
34.9
34 .. 9
35.9
10.9
12 .. 3
12"7
1204
13e0
196&1
209.0
234tt.O
296QC
274eO
14.5
14.9
13.7
16e6
151)9
201\!0
203e0
194.0
198.0
202~0
207,0
to revision,
~ ~
Expor.:?!
Although the major use of cigar types ia in cigars, sizable
quantities, particularly of the lower grades of binder types, are used
in scrap chewing tobacco, During the first half of the CUITent marketing year (the 6 months ending March 30), cigar and scrap chewing manufacture
were about 2 percent smaller than in the comparable period of 1953-54.
Indications are that the to~al disappearance of Pennsylvania and Ohio
filler types will be about 56 million pounds~-moderately lower than in
1953·54. Noncigar pobacco types may be contributing larger amounts for
domestic cigar filler use~ Exports of filler tobacco were negligible,
Estimated disappearance of the cdmbined binder types 51-55 in the
current marketing year is 52 million~-only a little less than in 1953-54•
Exports of Connecticut Valley Broadleaf (type 51) and Havana seed
(type 52) accounted for about 5 and 9 percent of their total disappearances in 1953-54o In the. firs·t hal;f' of 1954-55, exports of Broadleaf
and Havana Seed were sharply below those ·in the comparable period a year
earlierQ On the other hand, exports of the 1.VisoODS:i.n types, which droppe.d
precipitously from 1952-53 to 1953-54$ were up sharply in the first half
of 1954-55. west Germany, Switzerland, and East Germany were the leading
outlets for the Wisconsin tobacco exports"
TS-72
-35 ...
The estimated disappearance cf shade~grown wrapper during July 1954June 1955 is about 16G4 million p~ttllds--a.pprf9:x:i..mately one-half millirtn
more than in 1953-.54() Exports of cigar wrapper have accounted for
roughly one-fourth of total disappearance in the past 3 year3o During
the first three-fourths of the current marketing year~ exports of wrapper
were 15 percent ahead of those in the comparable period of 1953-541) west
Germany .(accounting for over oneE~alf cf the total) took almost the
same as a year earlie:::·, but Canada_, S't..ritzerland, and France took sharply
more ~~d there were small increases to Belgium and Netberlanda0
Prices
n=Prices for the 1954 crop of Pennsylvania filler averaged
practically the same as a year earlier but for the Ohio filler types,
the average price was more thar1 one-fifth above the previous season whsn,
because of below average quality, it was the lowest in 10 years. In the
Connecti:::ut Valley, Broadleaf brought a .5'-percent lower average price
than the 1953 crop~~ The substantial proportion of lower grades in the
Havana Seed crop due to r~il and hur~icane damage lowered its average
price considerably~ Average prices were even with a year ago for southern
Wisconsin tobacco but up a little for Northern "Hisconsino
·\
-\'
on April 1, the Department G.nnounced the 1955 min:Lrnum support
levels for the eligible types of cigar tobaccoo If the par~ty level
increases by October 1, the begi~!ir.g of the 1955-56 marketing year, the
!ct~~ supports will reflect the increasee
If parity declines, the
announced minimums will be the actual supports, The mandatory support
level for cigar filler and binder (types 42=44 and 51-55 as a group) is
90 percent of parityij Pennsylvania (type 41) growers rejected a marketing quota and no price support is in effect for that type~ For Puerto
Rican filler (type 46), the support level will be announced as of
October 1 for the crop that will be mainly harvested in early 1956~
Puerto Rican filler is not under a Federal marketing quota and the percentage of parity:at which' its 1955 support level will be computed depends
upon the supplyo (See table 16 for 1955 minimum support levels by types
and 1954 and 1953 data~)
During the 1954 crop marketing season, 7 1/2 million pounds of
continental cigar tobacco were placed under loan. Also, over one-half
million pounds of Puerto Rican filler had been received under loan,
but complete marketing season data are not yet available. The loan
quantities and percentages of the crops for individual continental
types were: types 42··44--1,231,000- pounds~ 15 perg~nt;' type 51~-150 1 000 .pounds,
6 percent; type 52--3,380 1 000 pounds, 29 percent; type 54--1,290,000 potmds;
17 percent; and type 55--858,000 pounds, 5 1/2 percent.
PS-72
- 36 Table 16.- Cigar tobacco types 41-62~ Government loan levels
season average prices--1953~54, and 1955 minimum supports '
: 1953
; loan
level
CentS
per
pound
Type
.t - - - - - - - -
.
----=-
Pennsylvania filler,
type 41
Qhio cigar filler,
types 42-44
'J'' Puerto Rican filler,
•·
type 46 "U
1953- :
season :
average:
Cents
per
:round
:y
. 1~ 1 1954 : 1955
loan : season :minimum
level t average: support
Ce~
Cents --Cents
per
per
per
pound
pound
~
!.1
25.4
25.1
32.4
32.6
' - { ....
1.,,{
!.
Conn. Valley Broadlaaf
binder, type 51
Conn. Valley Havana Seed
binder, type 52
N. Y. and Pa. Havena
Seed binder, type 53
._~_. Southern Wis. binder,
type 54
, i·
Northern Wis. binder,
r.
type 55
,-:.1
· .,
.t ·
--1~
51.2
58.4
53.8
54.9
51.5
53·9
50.8
--'·'I •.
I ~
:.
Conn. Valley shade-grown
wrapper, type 61
Ga. -Fla. shade-grown
wrapper, type 62
26.1
23.4
25.7
25.4
24.3
25.1
32 .. 0
31.9
31.9
'
24.0
25.0
24.3
24.5
.,.
32.0
205.0
215.0
195.0
19~~0
y
Government price support hot in effect on type 41. .:gj Season aver~ge
not yet available. J/ Support level t,o b~. announced Ocfob~.r 1, 1955. !±/
Mandatory loans not applicable.
·
ll
·..)
,,.
I
The quantity of cigar tobacco under Government loan or in CCC in;;-,, ventories at the end of April 1955 was 15 3/4 million pounds of vrhich
J ·' over 2 million have been sold. The composition of the remaining 13.7
million· pounds is: type 54 (Southern Wisconsin), 34 percent; type 52
{Connecticut Valley Havana See;d), 29 percent; type 55 (Northern Wisconsin),
15 percent; types 42-44 (Ohio filler), 10 percent; type 51 {9onnecticut
Broadleaf), 8 percent; and type 46 (Puerto Rican filler), 4 percent.
! '-
TS-72
- 37 -
Table 17.-· Acreage of tobacco in the Unitea States, by class and tJ'l)e,
average 1947-49, annual 1953-55 1 and ~ercenta.ges
:Percentage
change
Class and .type
1954
y
1954 to
--------------------------~~~~-=~~~~~
____
1,ooo 1,ooo 1,ooo -~~~~-19~5.5
1,ooo
Percent
acres
acres
acres
acres
I
:Average:
:1947-49:
Old and Middle Belt, tY,Pe 11
:
Eastern No~t.h Carolina;· type 12
South Carolina, type 13
Georgia and Florida, type 14
Total flue-cured, types 11-14
1.955
1 3
95
355.0
359.0
369.0
327.0
331.0
334.0
207.0
212.0
198.0
124.8
127.2
113.5
1,021.8
1,042.2
993.5
352.0
317.0
204.0
122.3
995.3
====-=========
Virginia, type 21
12,0
9,9
10.0
Kentucky and Tennessee, type 22
39.3
28.3
29.7
Kentucky and Tenneesee 1 type 23
17.6
10.1
12.3
Total fire-: cured, types 21-23 ,-2=-/"6"±9..;....o=---~4~8~.~3---:5:::-::2~.~0Bur_ley 1 type 31
:----
Maryland, type 32
One Sucker, type 35
Green River, type 36
Virginia s1in-cured 1 ty:pe 37
~.otal dark air-cured, types
· . ·35-37
Pennsylvania Seedleaf, type 41
Mi~i Valley, types 42-44
Total cigar filler, types 4144
Con~ect~cut Valley Broadleaf,
type 51
Conn, Valley Havana Seed, type
52
N.Y. & Pa, Havana Seed, type 53
Southern Wisconsin, type 54
Northern Wisconsin, type 55
Total cigar binder, types 5155
Conn61va1ley shade-grown, type
Ga, &Fla. shade-grown, type 62
Total cigar wra~per, types
61-62
Louisiana Perique, type 72
Total all types
:
433.3
419.7
48.0
45.0
Jl
50.0
-4.5
9.3
-7.0
26.6
-10.4
10.7
-13.0
46.6 . . -10.4
==============
420.9
-4.6
-5.1
-3.8
-3.9
310.0
-26.3
49,0
-2.0
: -10.4
14.8
14.4
17.8
11.4
7.5
7.6
3.2
3.7
4.1
--~~----~~----~-
12.9
6.5
4.4
32.4
26.0
26.1
==================
27.8
36.1
23.8
-8,8
4.6
25."0
4.8
-10,1
4.3
30.2
32.4
29.8
-8,0
8.4
7.7
9·3
20.8
6.8
8.8
:
: 4/41.8
6.2
3,2
.4
.2
4.8
9.5
29.3
. -14.5
7.3
29.2
0
10,1
5.4
5.9
2.0
31.5
7.9
========:::=::::=====::::::::=-~:::::::::::::::=======
10.2
7.9
8.2
8.2
0
:
4.6
4.4
4.8
4.8
0
: _ _...___ __.;..;____.....;...._
14.8
12.3
13.0
13.0
0
=========:===
.4
.3
.3
.3
0
:1,676.1 1,632.9 1,666.1~/1,499.3
-10.0
:
Y Farmers' intentione as of M:-a.r-c~h--=-1-e_x_c_ep-t:--:f:-o-r-=b-u-r":"l-ey-.~y Includes small
acreage of type 24, l/ Approximate allotted acreage after redetermination of
quota, !±../ Includes small acreage of type 56. 2/ Includes ap,proximate allotment for burley.
--
TS-72
.~'"
Tab1:e 1t. · 'l'oba<:co:
Yield :per acre in the t7nited Ete.tes,
for s:pecified periods 'd th :percent a~ es
••
••
~
76~·
77'.'
8ll
9~3
•
:Fi11er~Bi.lder=
:types
:41 45 :~l 56 :Wr~er: com-
:
784
803
837
958
1,340
1,035
1:,266
1,323
1,256 1,041
1,350 1,039
1,465
954
982
1,526
850
525
925
795
750
1,116
988
1,215
1,054
1,165
1,440
1,261
1,469
1,419
1,566
1,548 1,075 1,115
1,518 1,001 1,094
1,519 '1,000 1,181
1,495
992 1,138
1,524
998 1,274
825
800
785
805
900
1,133
998
1,197
11286
1,022
1,542
1,474
1,594
1,550
1,468
1,561
1,547
1,572
1,532
1,617
11189
1,031
1,170
1,189
1,127
1,256
1,153
1,396
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1,191
1,312
1,309
1,229
1,245
1.189
1,102
1,215
1,228
1,013
1,253
1,222
1,355
1,4o3
1,345
-C:
S5~-
61-62 :bined
781
683
749
755
1,-069
1,088
1,137
1,135
1,233
'
iJ :'• iJ
807
777
819'·
985
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948'
l C')r-.
•
------·
: Al.l
••
•
Average: :
1924-28:
1929-33:
1934-38:
1939-43:
types
t'igar
' Fire- ••
·• Mary-·• D.,.,,k
. . ._
Period • cured : cured : Burley : land : air32
~ured
ll-14 21-24 : 31
:
35-37
: F..~ue•
by
765
170
865
' 986
1,108
1,130
1,098
1,124
1,203
1,213
1,269
ll310
1,273
1,261
1954
Percentage change
Pet.
••
Av. 1947-:
49 to
1954
6.3
1953 to
1954
Pet,
~
5.9
25.1
18.2
17.8
'.·
,,
~ ~
~
Pet,
7.6 18.6
4.6
7.0
22.4
11.1
7·5
1.1
5.1
6.4
~
f.£'h
I
1.3
-5.6 29.7
_lf_ Type 45 ended in 1939 and type 56 ended in 1948,
1',
TS-72
- 3) -
Table 19.- Cash receipts from farm marketings, averages 1936-40
and 1941-45, annue.l 19h6- 5l~ with percentages
- - - --;-·- - - - --·cash receipts
Tobacco as a
:Livestock:
All
-~p::-ercentage':"'o_f_=-Year
and
Total
Tobacco
All
Total cash
:products
crops
farm
.
__
crops
...:·c:..:C'il=-)t_E:._:-~·
Million 1'-liTITon Millioo-Million
Percent
dollars
dollars
dollars
dollars Percent
Average:
1936-40
1941-45
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953 1/'
1954 I/
!/
4,715
10,057
3,491
7,479
8,206
17,536
274
585
7.8
7.8
3·3
3·3
13,730
16,476
17,071
15,359
15,976
19,612
18,445
17,263
16,683
10,834
13 .• 230
13,136
12,585
12,352
13,187
14,248
14,150
13,270
24,564
29,706
30,207
27,944
28,328
32,799
32,693
31,413
29,953
969
1,032
945
8.9
7.8
7.2
7.2
8.6
9·0
7.7
3-9
3·5
3.1
3.2
3·7
3.6
3·3
3·5
3·9
903
1,061
1,191
1,090
1,094
1,162
'"(.7
8.8
Preliminary.
Table 20.- Internal Revenue collections from tobacco
products for specified periods
Cigars
Period
1/
Million
dollars
:Cigarettes:Chewing-ind:
· 2f
smokiilg
Million
Million
dollars
dollars
Snuff
Total
Million
dollars
Million
dollars
'3/__
Average:
1930-34
1935-39
194o-44
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
.
14.3
12.8
21.0
344.6
472.0
750.5
56.9
54.9
50.4
6.9
6.7
7-3
38.2
47.5
47.1
46.7
43.6
42.8
44.0
45.8
46.4
44.9
937.2
1,125.2
1,175-9
1,220.6
1,233-1
1,262.7
1,359-9
1,579.6
1,546.0
1,477.1
48.6
38.0
35·9
35·9
34.9
34.3
30.7
17.6
16.7
16.1
7·9
7.1
7-1
7-5
7.4
7.2
6.4
3·9 .
3-9
3-9
423·9
547.6
833·3
1,034.2
1,218.4
1,266.7
1;311.5
1,320.0
1,348.1
1,445.8
1,661. 7
1,613.8
1,542.8
1/ Includ~s small cigars. 2/ Includes large cigarettes. 3/ Total inclUdes cigarette papers and tubes, cigarette and cigar floor-taxes,· and ·
leaf dealer penalties not shown separately in this table.
Compiled from reports of the Internal Revenue Service.
TS-72
- 40 Table 21.- Tobacco manufactures: Net sales, net income, a.nd :profit
ratios, annual 1947-54, by quarters 1952-54
Year
and
quarter
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
Net
income
Net
sales
Per
of
Before ; After
Before
Federal : Federal :Federal
tax
tax
tax
:Million Million Million
:dollars dollars dollars Cents
..
.;
2,641
3,081
3,061
3,129
31329
178
257
250
281
294
109
159
156
152
129
6o7
8.3
8.2
9 .. 0
8.8
P:rofit
: As percentage of
doUar
stockholders'
equity
sa.J..es
{annual basi~
Before
After
: After
:Federal :Federal
Federal
·tax·
tax
tax
.
Cents
Perce:p.t
Percent
4.1
5.2
5.1
4.9
3.9
16.6
22.0
20.2
21.3
21.8
10,1
13.7
12.6
11.5
9.6
Current series lZ
1951
1952
1953
1954
3,378
3,702
3,768
3,672
295
285
338
329
129
120
138
156
8.7
7.7
9.0
9.0
3.8
3.2
3.7
4.2
21.7
19.8
22.9
21.5
9.5
8.4
9.4
10.2
1952
1
2
3
4
846
919
978
959
61
69
8o
75
25
28
33
34
7.2
7.5
17.7
19.1
21.9
7.8
3.0
3.0
3.4
3.5
20~5
7 ·3:
7.7
9.0
9.3
1953
1
2
3
4
875
940
992
961
65
90
97
86
28
35
39
36
7.4
9.6
g,8
8.9
3.2
3·7
3.9
3.7
17.9
24.5
26.1
23.0
7.7
9·5
10.5
9.6
846
932
970
924
72
81
93
83
34
38
44
40
8.5
8.7
9.6
9.0
4.0
4.1
4.5
4.3
19.1
21.3
24.1
21.3
9.0
10,0'
11.4
10.2
l954
1
2
3
4
..:•
8~2
1/ Not strictly comparable to the series previously published for 194751, but differences in the current and previous series for 1951 are relatively minor.
Co~piled and adapted from Quarterly Financial Report, United States
Manufacturing Corporations, Federal Trade Commission and Securities and
Exchange Commission.
TS-2
- 41 -
AVERAGE VALUE PER POUND OF TOBACCO EXPORTED FROM TP.E UNITED STATES ~./
An examination of the average declared value per pound of tobacco
exnorted from the United States to the leadin~ codntries affords the most
re.adily available indication of the quality of takings by individual foreign markets. A table showing the average unit val~e of flue-cured
tobacco exported from tl1e United States to major markets for the marketing years 1935-53 was published in the December 1954 issue of The Tobacco
Situation. The table i~ republi~hed in this issue, with the data carried
. bacK to 1923, the first year that foreign trade statistic$ on tobacco were
shown by individual type o~ groups gf typese Si~lar tables for Virginia
fire-cured (type 21) and Kentucky-Tennessee fire-cured (types 22-23) are
also included~ .Series for burley (type 31), Maryland (type 32), Green
River (type 36) and Black Fat are shown for marketing years 1930-53. (See
. , tables 23, 24, 25, and 26.)
Table 22.- United States exports of specified kinds of tobacco;
rr~rketing year averages 1930-38 and 1945-53 !/
·;
wei..=:g;.;;h.:.t.!...)_ _ _ _ _ _ __..._ _ _...,.......,..-- _ _
:
Ayeragg_ 1245-53
_
:
: Percent
:
: Percent
of total
of total
Percent
:
Percent
tobacco
tobacco Exports
Exports
of crop
of
crop
exports
·exports :
(Farm~sales
_ _ _..,o!ft;c.;.vr..::e~r..liia!Cge 19~0-38
; ,·
~~
Kind or
type
.f
Flue-cured
Ky.-Tenn. fire-cured
Virginia fire-cured
Burley
Maryland
One. Sucker
Green River
Cigar leaf ]./
Total
.1/ Narketing
t
Million
pounds
371.5
68.5
13.0
12.7
7oJ
'7 ~8
4~3
1,8
:
t
2/
Percent
52.7
65.4
64.4
4oO
27.9
40.6
21.3
1.2
Percent
76 .. 3
l4ol
2,7
2~6
1..5
1.6
2/
Million
pounds
444.0
27.7
6.6
35.6
7.4
6.3
.9
.. 3
100.0
2.5
9.2
Percent
Percent
35.1
49.1
51.6
6.2
19.5
30ol
21.6
5.8
25.2
82o3
5.1
1.2
6.6
1.4
1,2
s
lo 7
. 10080
years for tobacco begin as follows:
flue-cured (types 11-14) and
2/ Total exports excludes Perique but includes Black Fat, which ;has been apportioned among ;fire-cured
an~. dark air-cured types •. '}./ Includes Puerto Rican filler (type 46). 4/ Includes
es lmated -328,000 pounds of Virginia sun-cured (type 37).
Clgar wrapper (types 61-62), July; all other types., October 9
~[!The research on which this article is based is being carried on under authority
0
the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (Rl'iS, Title II) o
•
1
TS-72
- 42 -
Average export unit values have been calculated for all principal
kinds of tobacco except cigar leaf for which separate export· statistics
for the three classes--filler, binder, and w-rapper--were not reported
prior to 1949. Table 22 shows the relative position of leading kinds
of tobacco with respect to exoort volume and the proportion of production
exported. In this table, exports of Black Fat, a semiprocessed product,
have been added to exports of the types which normally are used as constituente1 chiefly One Sucker and I~entueky-Tennessee fire-cured.
Flue·cured tobacco is the principal kind exported from the United
States, usually accounting for approximately So percent of total tobacco
exports. With expanded domestic use, however, shipments abroad now are
a smaller proportion of the crop than before lnTorld War II, averaging
about one-third in 1945·-53 as against one-half in 1930-38. On a volume
basis, burley has generally been the second major export type since 1946,
but exports normally comprise only h percent of the crop and a slightly
larger proportion of all tobacco marketed abroad. Before the war,
Kentucky-Tennessee fire-cured ranked after 'flue-cured in volume of ex~
ports. F.xports of these types usually account for a high proportion of
production, averaging about two-thirds in 1930-38 and nearly one-half in
1945-53. Bimila.rly, exports of Virginia fire-cured, and One Sucker dark
air-cured and Green River dark air-cured, although relatively small in
terms of actual quantities, have averaged about one-half, three-tenths and
one-fifth, respectively, of postwar crops. ~1aryland tobacco exports also
are significant in relation to the size of the crop, averaging more than
one-fourth of prewar production and about one-fifth since the war.
Department of Commerce regulations ~equire that the declared v~lue
of domestic merchandise exported from the United States represent the
actual selling price, or cost if not sold, including inland freight,
insurance, and other charges to the port of exportation. In the case of
tobacco, the declared value thus reflects the producers' sales price plus
the following major charges: packing, including cost of container, han~
dling redrying (in most types), transportation, stor1'!-ge, and com.rnissions.
As these charges probably do not vary substantially among tobaccos of
similar kind consigned to different countries, significant differences in
average declared unit value reflect grade differences. Of dourse, there
is always the possibility that inaccuracies or inadvertences in the filing
of shipers 1 export declarations could affect the derived average unit
values.
The relative position of individual markets with respect to average
declared value of tobacco exported to them has varied, but some general
tendencies can be noted. Among the countries vJhich are leading markets
for more than one type of United States tobacco, the United Kingdom,
Sweden, and Switzerland generally take high ~rade tobacco. Germany tends
to take medium-pri~ed grades, while Belgium and Netherlands tend to take
the lower-priced grades.
TS-72
- '+3 -
Table 23.- Flue-cured tobacco, types 11-14: Value per pound of the exports to selected major
countries and to all countries, marketing years 1923-53
:
:
:
:
:
:
Year =united:
:
:
:
:
:
begin•: King- rGemany: China rNether-:IrelaDi:Philip-: Auen1ng : dom :
1/ : 2/ : lands :
: pines : tralia
July 1 '
:
:~
Cents
Cents
: Indo- :
: nesia : Japan :Bel illll:
All
:
_3/ r
:
g
: countries
:
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
40.6
39.9
2~.4
4/
19.0
17.4
40.4
31.5
37.6
39.9
36.8
46.8
41.1
37.0
41.3
42.1
18.1
16.0
13.0
12.7
34.9
21.6
14.5
13.4
Cents
Cents
f
t
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
: 57.6
: ss.s
: 54.8
r 45.2
: 44.0
1928
1929
19.30
1931
1932
: 39.6
: 39.9
: 42.4
r 35.4
r 23.0
r
14.6
21.$
16.8
17.7
17.2
25.3
25.7
21.3
24.2
18.7 .
14.0
17.4
24.3
16.3
14.9
16.1
14.4
13.4
8.1
11.0
17.$
13.3
10.9
10.0
18.5
14.6
11.7
9.1
10.3
47.4
39.9
1.3.6
13.6
22.1
17.8
16.4
16.4
14.8
19.4
20.4
16.9
12.7
15.3
13.3
11.2
12.8
26.5
37.8
27.9
31.5
40.0
16.2
21.3
14.1
13.9
14.9
13.1
14.7
13.0
42.8
22.8
26.2
26.7
32.0
10.4
27.1~
36.!5
21.2
26.1
17.3
1.3.3
34.6
35.6
28.0
24.8
2.0.3
12.4
21.$
20.6
20.1
18.5
19.9
31.3
39.7
26.8
.39.9
1$~2
Ls.s
1$.9
19.9
14.$
12.9
14.9
9.7
10.1
9.5
29.0
27.$
26.6
23.6
17.9
t
1933
1934
1935
1936.
1937
lS.S
11.1
11.8
16.0
2$.4
42.8
39.1
37.6
36.9
16.9
12.4
21.1
12.7
17.1
t
I
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
194S
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
19$1
1952
' 42.7
t 24.9
r 29.1
r 29.1
I
r
r
r
r
f
r
t
t
r
t
f
t
36.$
46.6
55.9
S$.6
63.3
$7.2
53.8
SS.3
64.0
:
~/r
29 •.3
32.2
43.5
66.3
69.6
S4.S
71.1
61.3
:
1953
20.7
9.6
9.6
13.7
14.8
33.8
22.7
23.7
21.9
29.7
20.$
16.9
18.0
19.$
6o.o
57.4
::,1 West GeX'D18Jly after world war u.
2/ Excludes Hong Kong and Kwantung.
3/ Designated as Netherlands Indies
4; Quantity exported negligible.
24.2
26.9
37.$
35.6
46.5
41.9
38.8
51.5
3S.s
36.1
31.8
28.0
59.9
56.3
62.0
68.0
70.1
24.0
2S.o
62.6
55.0
$1.3
69.2
68.2
69.3
74.9
76.6
$0.9
S4.9
60.7
64.2
66.0
5/32.3
- 30.0
78.4
84.3
86.7
36.9
44.9
40.9
50.6
48.7
59.1
64.6
64.6
prior to World War II.
S/ Revised.
6;
Preliminary.
Cauputed from the declared values and export weights as reported in publications of the United
States Department of C01111118rceo
- 44-
TS-72
Table 24.- Fire-cured tobacco: Value per pound of the exports to selected major
countries and to all countries, marketing years 1923-53
Kentucky
Tennessee fire-cured,
types 22-23 !/
Virginia tire-cured,
type 21
and
Year
beginning:
:
:
:
:
:
:
October 1;
1 United :
1 All :
1
1 All
'N th - 1Swit - 1
:Unit d 1G
:France: ~ ~r : 1 ~r =Be1gium:Kingd :sweden:coun-rNorway:sweden:Kin~ : er;j'Ytcoun:
: an s :
1
:
om:
:tries:
:
:
an: :tries
I
I
:Cents
Cents
Cents
Cents
Cents
I
I
Cents Cents : Cents Cents
---
cents
-
cents cents
I
:
: 11.2
: 10.8
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
:
:
1·1
7.2
9o9
12.7
24.7
23.2
21.8
26.6
18.0
19.1
18.1
17.2
16.1
9.4
13.7
11.8
7.7
8.6
27.0
26,1
22.2
19.9
24.3
20,6
20.3
21.4
17.8
13.4
I
15.5:
18.6:
16.6:
13.2:
l5o71
33.2
37.3
31.5
30.6
27.0
37.1
32 • .3
3/
2"$. 7
25.0
61.7
52.0
60.6
28.9
27.6
27.6
40,2
31.7
29.2
28.7
35.6
36.2
21.6
20.9
23.0
19.0
23.7
24.5
16.6
17.2
35.3
:
:
I
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
: 10.7
: 10.4
: 8.4
6.4
: 7.2
30.0
27.7
26.8
17.9
6.5
15.6
17.4
16.2
16.0
13.7
11.1
11.7
9.4
7.1
7.3
24.9
23.6
20.0
13.1
21.8
15.0
17.7
19.9
18.9
13.0
18.9:
16.9:
15.9:
9o7:
9.1:
1933
1934
1935
19.36
1937
:
9.5
n.o
14.0
16.3
15.2
12.9
16.4
8.8
11.1
9.9
10.1
11.2
17.3
19.8
18.5
19.3
20.7
12.6
18.1
15.8
17.2
19.5
10.9:
11.9:
11.6:
1.3.3:
14.6:
17.7
17.8
18.6
18.0
18.7
9.8
9.0
18.3
15.6
16.3
19.0
28.6
18.7
17.3
13.11
12.8:
17.2:
19.1:
23.2:
25.7
45.0
46.2
46.8
20.3
29.0
42.9
39.8
23.5:
19.9:
34.4:
42.0:
40.6:
37.6:
40.41
39.6:
45.1:
49.3:
: 11.4
9.9
: 11.1
:
: n.o
:
:
1936
1939
1940
1941
1942
I
12.8
14.3
15.5
18.8
19,1
18.6
35.6
24.7
29.8
34.8
21.2
27.8
2,3.0
26.0
20.8
31.3
32.1
30.1
26.3
22.1
19.2
23.7
22.2
24.2
23.2
20.3
22.0
24o5
19.3
24.7
19.1
28.9
26.3
29.3
27.7
25.1
24.3
22.6
26.8
25.7
23.7
21.7
-------
25.7
23.9
23.7
24.7
24.1
28.8
23.2
20.3
23.7
33.2
24.5
--37o7
2$.0
36.6
41.2
51.4
46.0
34.8
46.0
48.0
48.0
54.1
50.4
54.7
59.2
5.5.9
26.9
t
17.~
21.7
2~.5
24.0
23.8
I
9.9
9.4
--:: ----: 15.4
15.2
15.6
:
l
29.9
32.4
---
34.5
19.0
20.3
23.2
22.1
22.0
23.7
28.8
t
I
1943
1944
194$
1946
1947
I
32.8
--24.0
46.0
18.3
21.6
28.0
32.7
: 31.4
t 34.9
t 36.7
:
t
:
t
35.3
41.2
28.3
32.2
32.0
31.1
38.2
43.1
40o5
43ol
48.3
42.3
47.1
44.8
42.1
55.1
34.8
31.5
32.6
.39.2
33.7
so.o
40.0
44.9
44.2
$8.1
40.2
42.6
43.7
49.5
$1.5
48.5
57.6
34.2
68.4
55 .. 0
39.9
:
:
1948
1949
1950
1951
--r sa.s
:
1952
33.3
50.3
55.3
53.3
29.4
.)8.6
45.4
49.1
47.4
59.0
62.2
47.1
50.1
49.5
58.8
$0.3
52.2
58.5
61.0
48.6
68.8
75.3
41.3
49.0
65.9
66.1
68.7
51.6: 62.6
$9.1
65.9
73.2
6,3.3
r
53.1
56.3
66.3
63.5
:
1953
l!l
:
t
t
:
49.7
2
!:,/ Prior to World war II, includes some type 24 which became negligible thereafter.
2/ west Germany after World war II.
3/ Total value negligible.
~/ Preliminary.
Canputed from the declared values and export weights as reported in the publications of the
United States Departlllf3nt of COI1ll1Srce.
TS ..72
- 45 -
Table 25e ... Burley and Maryland tobacco; Value per pound of the exports to
selected major countries and to all co"J.ntries,
marketing years~ 1930~53
- - - ,-
4~
Maryland, t,YPe 32
year :
Bur1ey, ~.~ypa .-- 1
2/ 3/
begin-::
:
:
-:
: ·
: All : .
: ...:,...._....:..-..:- - --=~A~_l-:::-1ning :Ge~B;nY: Bel., : Portu-:swedan: Den- :Nether-: coun-:Smtz~r-tNer.her~:Franca 1 coun...
oct_, 1:.
y : gium : gal :
:mark t lands ~tries; lana : lands :
:+-ries
:~i ···cents Cents Cents Cer~t,s Cents Cents Cents~ Cents
Cento Cez:'ts Cer!t.s
15o6
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
9~t7
9~1
12o0
22.0
1935
25oO
1936 : ,26.1
1937 : "';32 oO
1938 "' 16o 7
1939
:
1940
:
1941
1942
1943
1944
---
19.,2
6..,1 15.8
7~5 13S
8.,6 14el
9.7 16!i3
10o4
16~2
11~4
19 .. 1
20.'7
11~6
15.4 20~8
1463 19<J6
20~0
---
.,.
__
23~a7
20.1
40a2
281)1 37!19
:
1945 :
1946
1947
12~6
43o7
23o6
21Q3
17~1
14.6
13o0
lOf!J
9t-3
11o2
11.0
10e6
18..,0
•"26.,4
29,6
39 ..1
49 .. 8
.39!;0
14eO
2lo4
14~6
181}9
18 .. 0
18o3
15(l2
15v3
13o4
16oO
· 33o5
31o8
2.?c6
27,.0
34o8
62o8
lha4
17.9:
12elt
1949
35o6
31o8
33o3
32o9
58.,6
12.9:
'.32a8
21c4
;1.6.3,
40o5
2lo1
38e6
23o7
:
18a6:
23$1:
2390:
2134:
21~ 7:
.
43o3
7e9
36a5
38el
3.?a9
33o7
833
20t0
20~4
31Q3
llo5
8o7
22~0
8~7
24.2
20J4
39o0
51$9:
36o9
40o2l
47 ~4:
46;}7:
4Js0:
32.8
24.?
36.1
31o3
38,8~
29t5
35tO
40e6
44~0:
4le9
42Q5
62Q3
56e9
63e2
73QO
551)8
26!)3
71o4
74(>8
46a2
30e7
59.8
63o8
79o3
83e7
82e7
33o7
64c9
~9o2
72')3
66~;2
49~t5
27~0
:
39.0
1lS
51o0
77o4
45~2
74~9
30o8
~5fjl:
26~3:
60e9
32o2
32.6
33,.0
33.1
22~9
'30~0
23o9:
73:.9
61<}3
59.7
54o2
1948
20o9
10e9
. 8.9
7<>8
ll()l
· llo9:
:
...._
16o3
48o4
46.,1:
52o0:
53"2:
5lo9: 80oo
---=------------- ____
!1 West Germany after World War II~ . 2/ Prior to .1949, export
2_ _ _ _
34oO
30~8
---
66e5
61,4
~--- - - -
class ca1:;I,$d "Maryland and Ohio Export..,n 3/ 1930 and 193T, and 1940-44 are on calendar yeai'~·basiso
Quantity exported neg!igibleo
Preliminary$
Y
2J
Computed frpm the declared values and export weights as reported in the publications of the Uni.ted states Department of Commerce.,
. <-:•J
TS-72
.. 46 -
Table 26.- Black Fat and Green River tobacco: Value per pound of the
exports to selected major cbuntries and to all countries,
marke~ing years 1930.._5.3
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
'1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
,1949
:
:
t
:
22~0
I
:
31.8
19.3
13.8
25¢5
18~4
19.6
28.4
13<)3
24~5
25~1
16o7
17o0
17.5
17"3
19-e-S :
191)3 :
19.3
20.2 :
25.3
28,1
33Q6
15.5
16s3
22(;0
18.9
16.3
17o2
18.8
l8t0
17.6
18e4
19.4
19.8
21.7
22.6
23e4
23.3
21~2
26~2
t
'.27*4
33.4
25o2
24ol
1G<t3
15e9
13.,,5
13e~5
13"8
14.4
15~6
41.9
42o4
50.8
37.0
55~4
56,8
56&6
42.2
46e7
53.9
31~8
43.9
42t15
59~3
.
57.3
62.4
63.6
621)1
66,.2
40c4
67.6
74a9
8lc;4
80o3
42.2
44.3
l-95.3 3.,/ :
67e0
77,2
84.8
84.8
'
19.50
1951
'1952
y
y
2 '7 (,2
19&8 I
16t8 I
14,6 :
15.0
16,2 '
20.7
47.4
26,4
16"3
12(;9
16.4
27o8
11.8
22"7 '
23.6
'251!8
13.6
23t~8
22s2 :
:
30,6
12o0
14e0
12o3
14.4 ..
36.5
32.1
43.9 :
40~2
31,2
28o0
49.1
50,8
39.3
37.7
41.0
36.8
41.6
33(11
38.,6
36e8
32e1
40s0 '
40.9
46.0
37.5
51.1
491)2
37.7
54.7
t
54.9
60.9 :
51.8
53e4
26~t9
23o6
22~3
30w4
44,0
:
Also Dark African and water Balere
Preliminary,
Computed from the declared values and export weights as reported in
the publications of the United States Department of Commerce.
TS-72
- 47 -
In the case of flue-cured, the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Australia take tobacco of higher-average unit value than for the type as a
whole; although since exports were resumed to Japan in 1950, the average
value of shipments to that country has exceeded that of any other destination. Germany, the Philippines, Netherlands, and Belgium generally receive
fl1,1e-cure·d of lower unit value than the general avera,ge. China, in prewar
years the second ranking market for United States flue-cured, took low
average value tobacco in the thirties, but in the post-World War II years
in which exports vrere made to that country, average value of takings tended
to be higher than the general average.
-~
Among our leading burley export markets, Sweden, almost without
exception, purchases high average value tobacco. Germany and Denmark
usu~lly rank next as recipients of the better grades.
In most postwar
·· year.s, the average value of burley shipped to Belgium, Netherlands, and
Portugal has generally ranged about 60 to 80 percent of that for the type
as _a whole.
..
In· the case of Kentucky ~Tennessee fire-cured, the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Switzerland have been markets for the better grades. The
average unit value of exports to France traditionally our principal outlet,
has usually been below the average for all destinations. The Netherlands,
which before the war took higher than average value tobacco, has tended in
postwar years to purchase tobacco slightly to moderately below the general
average. Belgium is a market for lower than average value Kentucky and
T~~essee fire-cured, as it is for flue-cured and burley.
The average value per pound of Virg~ ~-cured exported to the
United Kingdom and Germany tends to be higher than that for all countries.
Norway, o~ principal foreign market for this tJ~e, purchased high value
tobacco in the immediate postwar years but more recentlyJ the average ~alue
has tended to be slightly below that for all destinations. The unit values
of postwar exports to Sweden have been slightly to moderately lower than
the general average, although before the war the reverse was true.
Switzerland, our largest market for Maryland tobacco; purchases
the highest average value tobacco of this type. Many Swiss smokers prefer
cigarettes made principally of choice Maryland tobacco and also a sizable
quantity of these cigarettes are exported to Italy. The average value of
exports to France has usually been above the general average, but that of
the Netherlands has been substantially lower.
The United Kingdom has not been an outlet for as high a proportion
of the United States exports of Green River tobacco as before the war when
it accounted for about two-thirds of the total, but it has remained a
major market for this type. As in the case of other types for which the
United Kingdom is a principal market, the average unit value of Green River
tobacco exports has tended to be higher than the average for the type as
a whole.
TS.. 72
.. 48 ..
Chief markets for United States exports of Black Fat are Nigeria,
Gold Coast, and French Africa, which to~ether accounted for about 70 percent of the total in prewar years and nsarly 85' percent of a reduced
total in the postwar period, The average unit value of exports to the
Gold Coast and Nigeria since 1930 has invariably been higher than the
general average while that to French Africa has been lower.
Several ta.otors account for the variation in grades (as reflected
in average unit v•lues) of tobaoco exported to l@ading markets. Income
is a factor; c~~tries of relatively high per a~ita incomes as United
Kingdom, Switzerland, Sweden, and Australia are outlets for better grades.
In addition, the following special factors also appear to have some
effect: the lev.el of import duties, the pattern of consumption, the
existence of government monopolies, and the extent of competition among
manufacturers in nongovernment monopoly countries. For example, the
United Kingdom's high duty on imported tobacco, which now accounts for
approximately 80 percent of theretail price of cigarettes, may encourage
the purchase of high grade tobacco since the original tobacco cost comprises such a small fraction of the final cost to the consumer, This
may also be true in the case of Ireland •.
Another reason for the high quality of British flue-cured takings,
as well as those of Australia and Ireland, may be the fact that cigarettes
consumed in those countries are generally the straight flue-cured type.
Therefore, the quantity of lower grades that can be used without noticeably affecting the quality of the finished product is limited.
In some government monopoly countries, revenue considerations
probably outweigh quality factors. Some of these countries, like France
have tended to confine their volume purchases to low average value tobacco
in order to keep down costs and thereby increase revenues. In other
United States tobacco markets like Belgium and Netherlands, where there
is keen competition among manufacturers,. there is also a tendency to
purchase lower than ave;ra.ge valJ.le toha.coo to reduce production costs.