Biomas Terrestres

Biomas Terrestres
Arctic tundra
Evergreen
coniferous forest
60°
Temperate deciduous
forest and grassland
Desert
30°
Major upwelling zones
Cool temperate
Tropical
Cold ocean current
River
Cell 2 North
Equator
Cell 1 North
Moist
air rises,
cools, and
releases
moisture
as rain
Tropical
rain forest
Tropical deciduous forest
Desert
Temperate deciduous
forest and grassland
Altitude
Cool, dry
air falls
Tropical deciduous forest
60°
Highland
Dry
Moist air rises — rain
Polar cap
30°
Warm temperate
Subarctic (snow)
Cell 3 North
Cold,
dry air
falls
0°
Warm ocean current
Polar (ice)
Cell 1 South
Cool, dry
air falls
Mountain
Ice and snow
Tundra (herbs,
lichens,
mosses)
Coniferous
Forest
Latitude
Deciduous
Forest
Tropical
Forest
Tropical
Forest
Deciduous
Forest
Coniferous
Forest
Tundra (herbs,
lichens, mosses)
Polar ice
and snow
Cell 2 South
Polar cap
Cold,
dry air
falls
Moist air rises — rain
Cell 3 South
1
Red-tailed hawk
Long-tailed jaeger
Producer
to primary
consumer
Gambel's
quail
Yucca
Jack
rabbit
Agave
Grizzly bear
Caribou
Primary to
secondary
consumer
Primary
to secondary
consumer
Collared
lizard
Mosquito
Prickly
pear
cactus
Producer to
primary
consumer
Secondary to
higher-level
consumer
Snowy owl
Arctic
fox
Horned lark
Secondary to
higher-level
consumer
Willow ptarmigan
Roadrunner
Diamondback rattlesnake
All consumers
and producers
to decomposers
All producers and
consumers to
decomposers
Darkling
beetle
Dwarf
Dwarfwillow
willow
Bacteria
Lemming
Fungi
Mountain
Mountaincranberry
cranberry
Kangaroo rat
Moss campion
Moss
campion
Long-tailed jaeger
Grizzly bear
Caribou
Producer to
primary
consumer
Broad-winged
hawk
Hairy
woodpecker
Primary to
secondary
consumer
Mosquito
Snowy owl
Arctic
fox
Horned lark
White oak
White-tailed
deer
Willow ptarmigan
All consumers
and producers
to decomposers
Primary
to secondary
consumer
Gray
squirrel
Secondary to
higher-level
consumer
Producer
to primary
consumer
White-footed
mouse
Metallic
Metallic woodboring
beetle
wood-boring
and
larvae
beetle
and
Mountain
winterberry
Shagbark hickory
Secondary to
higher-level
consumer
All producers and
consumers to
decomposers
Dwarf
Dwarfwillow
willow
May beetle
Lemming
Fungi
Mountain
Mountaincranberry
cranberry
Bacteria
Long-tailed
weasel
Racer
Wood frog
Moss campion
Moss
campion
2
Harpy
eagle
Producer
to primary
consumer
Primary
to secondary
consumer
Squirrel
monkeys
Climbing
monstera palm
Katydid
Slaty-tailed
trogon
45
Ocelot
Green tree snake
Tree frog
Secondary to
higher-level
consumer
All producers and
consumers to
decomposers
Emergent
layer
Harpy
eagle
40
35
Height (meters)
Blue and
gold macaw
Toco
toucan
Canopy
30
25
20
Understory
Wooly
opossum
15
10
Ants
Brazilian
tapir
5
Black-crowned
antpitta
Bromeliad
0
Fungi
Shrub
layer
Ground
layer
Bacteria
Great
horned
owl
Blue jay
Marten
Balsam fir
Moose
White
spruce
Producer
to primary
consumer
Primary
to secondary
consumer
Secondary to
higher-level
consumer
Biomas Aquáticos
Wolf
Bebb
willow
Pine sawyer
beetle and larvae
All producers and
consumers to
decomposers
Snowshoe
hare
Fungi
Starflower
Bacteria
Bunchberry
3
Ecossistemas de água doce
Movement of
surface water
• Lênticos
• Lóticos
Wind
Diving birds
Fish
Upwelling
Zooplankton
Phytoplankton
Nutrients
Sea level
Depth in
meters
0
50
Euphotic Zone
Estuarine
Zone
100
Continental
shelf
Photosynthesis
Sun
Coastal Zone Open Sea
200
500
Bathyal Zone
1,000
Twilight
High tide
Low tide
1,500
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
10,000
© 2004 Brooks/Cole – Thomson Learning
Darkness
Abyssal Zone
Lakes
Rivers
Coral reefs
Mangroves
Figur
e 7-2
Page
4
Gray reef shark
Sea nettle
Green sea
turtle
Producer
to primary
consumer
Fairy basslet
Blue
tangs
Parrot fish
Sergeant major
Brittle star
Algae
Hard corals
Banded coral
shrimp
Phytoplankton
Coney
Symbiotic
algae
Figur
e 7-1
Page
Peregrine falcon
Herring gulls
Cordgrass
Secondary to
higher-level
consumer
Blackcap
basslet
Zooplankton
Moray
eel
Sponges
All consumers and
producers to
decomposers
Bacteria
Sea star
Rocky Shore Beach
Snowy
egret
Primary
to secondary
consumer
Hermit crab
Shore crab
Producer
to primary
consumer
High tide
Periwinkle
Short-billed
dowitcher
Primary
to secondary
consumer
Sea urchin
Anemone
Low tide
Marsh
periwinkle
Secondary to
higher-level
consumer
Phytoplankton
Mussel
Sculpin
Smelt
Barnacles
All producers and
consumers to
decomposers
Zooplankton and
small crustaceans
Soft-shelled
clam
Clamworm
Kelp
Sea lettuce
Monterey flatworm
Nudibranch
Bacteria
5
Barrier beach
Beach flea
Sunlight
Peanut worm
Painted
turtle
Green
frog
Tiger beetle
Blue-winged
teal
Blue crab
Clam
Dwarf
olive
Muskrat
Pond
snail
High tide
Littoral zone
Sandpiper
Silversides
Mole
shrimp
Low tide
Ghost
shrimp
Limnetic zone
Diving
beetle
Plankton
Profundal zone
Benthic zone
Yellow
perch
White sand
macoma
Sand dollar
Bloodworms
Northern
pike
Moon snail
Sunlight
Little
shore
vegetation
Figure 7-17
Page 139
Low concentration of
nutrients and plankton
Sparse fish
population
Limnetic
zone
Profundal
zone
Narrow
littoral
zone
Rain and snow
Lake
Glacier
Rapids
Waterfall
Tributary
Flood plain
Oxbow lake
Sleepily
sloping
shorelines
Salt marsh
Delta
Sand, gravel,
rock bottom
Oligotrophic lake
Sunlight
Ocean
Deposited
sediment
Source Zone
Transition Zone
Wide
littoral
zone
Much
shore
vegetation
Water
High concentration of
nutrients and plankton
Limnetic
zone
Profundal
zone
Eutrophic lake
Floodplain Zone
Dense fish
population
Sediment
Gently
sloping
shorelines
Silt, sand,
clay bottom
6