sayvareli - My Beloved Prophet

sayvareli
muhammed Suamavali
- sellellahu aleihi ve sellem -
prof. dr. ramazan aivalli
marmaras universitetis Teologiis fakulteti
baTumi
2011
winasityvaoba
qeba-dideba uzenaes allahs, CvenTvis boZebuli usazRvro
wyalobisa da sikeTisaTvis... allahis sayvareli muhammed
Suamavali-adamianTagan yvelaze Rirseuli, samarTliani da
keTilia. dideba mis mimdevar adamianebs, sasargeblo sityvebis mosmeniT amaRlebulT da Suamavlis kvalis gamgrZelebelT.
iyo dro, roca arabeTis naxevarkunZulze mcxovrebi
adamianebi kerpebs scemdnen Tayvans, ganuwvetliv loTobdnen, azartul TamaSebs iyvnen ayolilni, Zlieri yovelTvis
usamarTlod eqceoda uZlurs, qalebs, rogorc nivTs, ise
hyiddnen da yidulobdnen, xolo qaliSvilebs cocxlad marxavdnen. aramarto arabeTis naxevarkunZuli, aramed mTeli
msoflio sibneles moecva. aseT viTarebaSi xalxi mxsnels
moeloda da RmerTis imedi hqonda.
ufals adamianebi yovelTvis uyvarda da icodebda. didi
moTminebiT itanda maT yovelgvar ukeTurebasa da adamianebis sulis gadasarCenad, adreuli saukuneebidan moyolebuli, sxvadasxva qveynebSi mcxovreb adamianebs uamravi Suamavali mouvlina. ukanaskneli Suamavali, romelic dedamiwas
moevlina aris wminda muhamedi.
ufalma Segviwyala, mis mimdevarT udidesi jildo gvarguna, muhamed Suamavali mogvivlina da misi gziT siaruli
gvibrZana, amiT Cveni sulis xsnis gza dagvanaxa. Cven madlieri unda viyoT RmerTis.
Teologi swavlulebi Tvlian, rom yoveli Suamavali saWiro dros moevlineboda qveynierebas romeliRac xalxSi da
masebs gaiyoliebda. xalxi maT endoboda, radgan isini gansakuTrebiT Rirseulni iyvnen, gankuTvnil adgils iWerdnen
da TanatomelTa Soris yovelmxriv saukeTesoni iyvnen.
muhammed Suamavali ki, samyaros dasabamidan dasasrulamde, yovel cocxal arsebaze maRla idga da idgeba.
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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allahma, sanam muhammeds moavlenda qveyanaze, Tavdapirvelad misi Suqi gaaCina. wminda yuranSi sayvarel Suamavals
ase mimarTavs: “Sen kacobriobas wyalobad mogivlineT”,
xolo `qudsi xadisSi” ki nabrZanebia: `Sen rom ar gameCine,
qveynad arafers gavaCendi”.
rwmenis ZiriTadi pirobaa: `allahis moyvarulebi gviyvardes da mis mtrebi gvZuldes~. es piroba Tu ar iqneba Sesrulebuli, arcerTi sikeTe da msaxureba ar iqneba miRebuli da mis gamkeTebels saxeSi miaxlian. aqedan gamomdinare,
valdebulni varT, Suamavali gviyvardes, gulSi SevinaxoT
misi brZnuli darigebebi, da vicxovroT im RirsebiTa da
zneobiT, rogorc Suamavalma icxovra.
me-7 saukunis 30-iani wlebidan moyolebuli uamravi wigni daiwera muhammed Suamavlis cxovrebasa da moRvaweobaze. misi cxovrebis aRweras swavlulebi dResac agrZeleben.
Suamavlis siyvaruli da rwmena Cvens gulebSi mudam rom
iyos, amisaTvis gadavwyviteT, sunneTis mimdevar swavlulTa nawarmoebebi gagveanalizebina, Segvejerebina da samyaros
batonis, wminda muhammedis cxovrebis Sesaxeb dagvewera.
ufalma yvela Cvenganis guli muhammed Suamavlis rwmeniTa da siyvaruliT aavsos da swori gziT gvataros! amin!
profesori, doqtori ramazan aivalli
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Suamavlis madlmosili sxivi
wminda muhammedi, allahis usayvarlesi, adamianTa da sxva
arsebaTa Soris yovelmxriv maRlad mdgomi, ulamazesi da
uZvirfasesi adamiania. allahis mier rCeuli, naqebi, kacobriobisaTvis movlenili bolo, gamorCeuli Suamavalia. is
samyaros wyalobad movlenilia, radgan yvelaferi misi siyvarulisTvisaa gaaCenili. misi Zvirfasi saxeli `muhammedi~
mravaljer naqebi da nadidebia (sityva `muhammedi~ mravaljer naqebs, nadidebs niSnavs). garda `muhammedisa~ mas kidev
sxva Zvirfasi saxelebiT, ahmedi, mahmudi da mustafa moixsenieben. mamis saxeli abdullahia. wminda muhammedi hijreTamde1 53 wliT adre rebiul evvlis Tvis meTormete Rames, orSabaTs, gamTeniisas meqaSi daibada. istorikosebi Suamavlis
dabadebis TariRad 571 wlis 20 aprils asaxeleben.
wminda muhammedis mama, abdullahi, mis dabadebamde ramdenime TviT adre gardaicvala, deda ki amine gaxldaT. Suamavali eqvsi wlisa iyo, roca mas metsaxelad `durr-i ieTim~i (samyaros erTaderTi, udidesi da Seufasebeli margaliti)
Searqves. mas rva wlamde babua abdulmuTalibi zrdida,
xolo babuis gardacvalebis Semdeg ki biZasTan, ebu talibTan darCa. ocdaxuTi wlis iyo, roca xatijesTan iqorwina.
am qalbatonisgan SeeZina pirveli Svili, romelsac saxelad
yasimi daarqva. arabebSi pirveli biWis mamis Svilis saxeliT
moxsenieba wesad iyo damkvidrebuli, amitomac Suamaval muhammeds `ebul yasimi~, anu yasimis mama uwodes.
muhammedi ormoci wlis iyo, roca allahisgan adamianebisa
da yoveli sulieris Suamavloba ecnoba. sami wlis Semdeg
qadageba daiwyo. ormocdaTormeti wlis asakSi ki - miraji
(cad amaRleba) ganxorcielda. 622 wels muhammedma meqqadan
medineSi hijreTi (gadasvla) gaakeTa. ocdaSvid brZolaSi
miiRo monawileoba. hijreTis 11 (632) wels rebiul evvelis
Tvis meTormete dRes, naSuadRevs, 63 wlis asakSi qalaq me-
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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dinaSi - munevvereSi gardaicvala.
maSin, roca allahi yvela Suamavls saxeliT mimarTavda,
muhammedisaTvis `habibi~ (Cemo sayvarelo) pativscemiT moixseniebs. uzenaesi allahi yurani qerimSimas ase mimarTavs;
`Sen samyaros wyalobad mogavlineT~1 xolo qudsi xadisSi
ki nabrZanebia: `Sen rom ar gameCine, Sen rom ar gameCine, qveynad arafers gavaCendio~. yoveli Suamavali, Tavis dros, gankuTvnil adgilze da
sakuTar TanatomelTa Soris yovelmxvriv saukeTeso iyo.
muhammed Suamavali ki, yovelTvis da yvelgan e.i. samyaros
dasabamidan dasasrulamde, yvela cocxal arsebaze ufro
maRla dgas, radgan uzenasma allahma misi gaCena ase ineba.
dalocili sxivis gaCena
uzenaesma allahma upirvelesad, anu sanam rames gaaCenda,
sayvareli Suamavali muhammedis sxivi gaaCina. Tefsirisa da
xadisis swavlulTa umravlesoba gvamcnobs, rom, uzenaesma
allahma sakuTari sxivisgan nazi substancia gaaCina da
misgan erTmaneTis miyolebiT mTliani samyaro erT sxeulad
Seqmna. am substancias “nuri muhammedi”, anu muhammedis sxivi
ewodeba. yvela sulisa da sxeulis warmomSobi es substanciaa.
sahabeTagan jabir bin abdullahma, erT dRes, ganacxada:
`allahis Suamavalo! ra aris is, rac pirvelad gaaCina allahma?~ - `allahma upirvelesad Seni Suamavali anu sakuTari
sxivisgan Cemi sxivi gaaCina. maSin samoTxe, jojoxeTi, angelozi,
zeca, dedamiwa, mze, mTvare, adamiani, demoni, furceli da kalami ar arsebobda~.- upasuxa ukeTilSobilesma muhammedma.
rodesac allahma wminda adamis Zvirfasi guli da sxeuli
gaaCina, muhammedis sxivi (nuri muhammedi) mis warbebs Soris
moaTavsa. rodesac adams suli STaebera, Sublze ciskris
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1. sura enbia: 107.
Suamavlis madlmosili sxivi
o
varskvlaviviT mbrwyinavi sxivi dainaxa.
rodesac wminda adami gaCnda, zeSTagonebiT allahisgan
aseTi mimarTva gaigo: `ebu muhammed, anu muhammedis mama.~
man ki allahs ase hkiTxa: `Cemo allaho, me zedsaxelad ebu
muhammedi ratom damarqvi”? _ allahma upasuxa: `adam! Tavi
aswie zemoT!~ rodesac wminda adamma zeviT aixeda empireaSi
(cis umaRlesi safexuri) sxiviT dawerili Cveni Suamavlis
saxeli“ ahmedi dainaxa da allahs hkiTxa: `Cemo gamCeno! vin
aris es”? _ `es Seni STamomavlobidan momavali Suamavalia.
misi saxeli zecaSi ahmedi, dedamiwaze ki muhammedia. is rom
ar gameCina, arc Sen da arc casa da dedamiwasac gavaCendi”._ upasuxa uzenaesma allahma
muhammedis sxivis umwikvlo SublebSi gatareba
rodesac wminda adami gaCnda, allahma muhammedis Zvirfasi sxivi, mas warbebs Soris mouTavsa. sxivma mis Sublze
brwyinva daiwyo. rogorc yuranSia naTqvami, wminda adamidan
dawyebuli, am sxivma, umwikvlo mamebisa da dedebis gavliT,
wminda Suamaval muhammedamde moaRwia. uzenaesi allahi wminda aiaTiT ase gvacnobebs: `Sen, anu Senma sxivma sruliad WeSmarit, RvTismosav pirovnebebis gamovliT Senamde moaRwia.~2
erT-erT hadisSi naTqvamia: _ `uzenaesma allahma adamianebi gaaCina. me ki adamianebis yvelaze saukeTeso nawilisgan Semqmna. Semdeg am nawilebisgan yvelaze saukeTeso amoarCia (arabeTSi), da maTgan me momavlina samyaros. maS ase, Cemi suli da
sxeuli gaCenilTagan yvelaze saukeTesoa, xolo Cemi modgma
da winaprebi _ yvelaze saukeTesoni.~
sxva hadisSi vkiTxulobT: `allahma yvelaferi araraobidan
gaaCina, maT Soris adamianebi, Seiyvara, aamaRla isini; adamianTa Soris rCeulebs arabeTSi miuCina adgili. amaTgan me gamomarCia da yvela drois adamianebs Soris rCeulebSi mamyofa.
maS ase, visac arabeTSi, Cemi mimdevari Cemi gulisTvis eyvare2. sura Suara: 219.
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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ba Cemi megobaria, vinc mas SeiZulebs, is Cems mtrad iTvleba~
pirvel adamianad gaCenili, wminda adami, romelic muhammed
Suamavlis im sxivs atarebda, romelic mudam brwyinavda. yovelTvis, rodesac angelozebi wminda adams Sexedavdnen, mis
Sublze muhammed Suamavlis sxivs amCnevdnen da mas patiebas
Txovdnen.
wminda adamma sikvdilis win Tavisi Svili Siiti moixmo da
uTxra: `Svilo, is, rac Sublze gibrwyinavs, bolo Suamavlis
_ muhammedis sxivia. es sxivi morwmune da umwiklo qalebs
gadaeci da Sens Svilsac ase uanderZe”. sxivi umwiklo qalebisa da mamakacebis Subls gamoivlis da namdvil mepatronesTan miaRwevs.
Suamavlis winapars ori vaJi rom hyoloda sxivi adgils
keTil da Rirseul mxares daikavebda. yovel epoqaSi misi
winapari gamoirCeoda saxeze mqone sxiviT. sxivis matarebeli winapari yovelTvis didgvarovani da rCeuli iyo. yovel
saukuneSi, vinc muhammedis sxivs atarebda, saxe zedmiwevniT
lamazi da gabrwyinebuli hqonda. am sxivis saSualebiT Zmebi
erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdebodnen da romeli Zmac mis sxivs
atarebda, sagvareulos sxva wevrTagan gansxvavebiT, is yovelTvis didebuli da Rirseuli iyo.
wminda muhammed Suamavali erT-erT xadisSi gadmogvcems,
rom: `arcerT Cems winapars mruSoba ar Caudenia, uzenaesma
allahma saukeTeso mamebisgan da dedebisgan momavlina samyaros, winaparTagan erT-erTs ori Svili rom hyoloda, me,
yvelaze Rirseuli da saukeTesoTagani viqnebodi.~
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wminda adamidan moyolebuli, STamomavlobidan STamomavlobas gadacemuli sxivi, jer Taruhs gadaeca, Semdeg mis
Svil, ibrahims, Semdeg ki ismails. ismailis Sublze mzesaviT
mbrwyinavi sxivi adnans eboZa, Semdeg ki meads, meadis Svils
_ nizars. rodesac nizari daibada da mamam Svilis Sublze
sxivi SeniSna, Zlier gauxarda, amisaTvis didi wveuleba gamarTa da warmoTqva: `aseTi SvilisTvis es wveuleba cotaa”-
Suamavlis madlmosili sxivi
o
sityva `nizari” cotaodens
niSnavs. nizaris Semdeg sxivi Tanmimdevruli gadacemiT
ZiriTad mepatronesTan, sayvarel muhammed SuamavalTan
gadavida.
sayvareli Suamavlis Rirseuli genealogia, hadisis
mixedviT, adnanamde aseTia,:
`me, abdullah, abdulmutalib, haSim (amr), abdu menaf
(muRire), qusaii (zeid) qilab,
murre, qa’ab, luveii, galib,
fihr, maliq, nadr, qinane, huzeime, mudriqe (amir), ilias,
mudar, nizar, mead, adnanis
Svili muhammedi var~.
kidev sxva hadisSi ki is ase
gvamcnobs: `allahma ibrahimis Svilebisgan _ ismaili, ismailis Svilebisgan _ qinane,
qinanes Svilebisgan yuraiSebi,
yuraiSebisgan haSimis Svilebi, haSimis Svilebisgan ki abdulmuttalibi airCia, xolo abdulmuttalibis Svilebisgan me
gamomarCia.
babua _ Zvirfasi abdulmuttalibi
sayvareli Suamavali muhammedi yuraiSis toms, haSimis
Svilebs miekuTvneba. misi mama abdullahi, babua ki Seibe
iyo. Suamavlis babaua Seibe qalaq medinaSi daibada. mamimisi haSimi jer kidev bavSobaSi gardaicvala. erT dRes, is
qalaq medinaSi, biZamisis saxlis win megobrebTan erTad isris srolas swavlobda. ufrosebi, romlebic maT ucqerd-
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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nen, gakvirebulni darCnen, rodesac Seibes saxeze mbrwyinavi sxivi SeniSnes. amiT mixvdnen, rom is Rirseuli vinme
iyo. rodesac Seibes isris gasrolis jeri dadga, mSvildi
mozida da isari miznisken afrina. nasroli zustad moxvda
mizanSi. Seibem aRfrTovanebiT wamoiZaxa: `me haSimis Svili
var, da rasakvirvelia, Cemi gatyorcnili isari mizans miaRwevs”. am sityvebis momsmenni mixvdnen, rom is meqqeli haSimis
Svili iyo. am dros haSimi ukve gardacvlili iyo. rodesac
abdulmenafis sagvareulodan erT-erTi meqqaSi dabrunda,
haSimis Zmas _ muttalibs uTxra: `qalaq medinaSi myofi Seni
ZmisSvili Zalian Wkviani bavSvia. mis Sublze mbrwyinavi sxiviT yvela gaocebulia. gana sworia, rom aseTi Wkviani bavSvi gverdiT ar gyavs?” amis Semdeg muttalibi dauyovnebliv
qalaq medinaSi wavida da Tavisi ZmisSvili Seibe meqqaSi wamoiyvana. vinc muttalibs, meqqas quCebSi, bavSvis vinaobas
ekiTxeboda, Cemi mona ariso pasuxobda. amis Semdeg Seibes
abdulmuttalibi anu “muttalibis mona” daerqva.
abdulmuttalibi, biZmisis abdullahis gardacvalebamde,
masTan darCa. misi dalocvili sxeuli sasiamovno surnels
afrqvevda. Sublze uzenaesi allahis sayvareli muhammedis
sxivi ubrwyinavda da irgvliv sikeTesa da baraqas Tesda.
yovelTvis, rodesac meqqaSi didxans ar gawvimdeboda, meqqelebi abdulmuttalibs Txovdnen, sebiris mTaze asvlasa da
vedrebis aRvlenas. is aravis awyeninebda da allahs gawvimebas Seevedreboda. uzenaesi allahic mis saxeze mbrwyinavi, sayvareli Suamavlis sxivis madliT, vedrebas Seismenda
da gaawvimebda. abdulmuttalibis Rirseba da avtoriteti dRiTidRe izrdeboda. meqqelebma is meTaurad airCies.
mowinaaRmdege aravin hyavda, xolo vinc mas daemorCileboda Tavisuflebasa da simSvides hpovebda. im periodis
mmarTvelebic ki abdulmuttalibis saTnoebasa da sidiades
aRiarebdnen. mas mxolod iranis keisari (qisra) ver itanda
da aSkarad emtereboda.
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abdulmuttalibi hanifis rjulis, e.i. muslimi (RvTis-
Suamavlis madlmosili sxivi
o
mosavi samarTliani) adamiani iyo. es, misi winapris wminda
ibrahimis rjuli iyo. amis gamo kerpebze Tayvani ar ucia da
ufro metic, axlosac ki ar gakarebia. igi qaabes irgvliv
allahis winaSe loculobda.
erT Rames abdulmuttalibs sizmrad viRac ucnobi gamoecxada, uTxra: `abdulmuttalib! adeqi, taibi amoTxare!”
da maSinve gaqra. meore dRes igive ganmeorda: `adeqi, berrei amoTxare!” xolo mesame dRes igive pirovnebam amjerad
ubrZana: `adeqi, mednunei amoTxare!” sizmrebs dasasruli ar
uCanda. meoTxe dRes, roca ucnobma ubrZana: `adeqi, zemzemis ormo amoTxare!” _ “zemzemi ra aris? ormo sad ariso?”
_ hkiTxa abdulmuttalibma. man aseTi pasuxi miiRo: `zemzemi
iseTi wyaroa, romelSic wyali arasodes iklebs, es wyaro
msoflios oTxive kuTxidan mosul hajebs (momlocvelebs)
eyofaT. zemzemi iqidan gamodis, sadac angelozma jibrilma frTa dahkra. es wyali uzenaesma allahma ismailis gulisTvis gaaCina. uwylod darCenilebs wyurvils mouklavs,
mSivrebs daapurebs da avadmyofebs gankurnavs. me migaswavli
sadacaa. rodesac zvaraks Seswiraven, narCenebs erT adgilas
dayrian, Sens iq yofnaSi wiTelniskarta yvavi mofrindeba,
sadac niskartiT miwas moCiCqnis, iqve WianWvelebis budes
dainaxav, zustad iq iqneba zemzemis adgili~
diliT adre abdulmuttalibma Svili harisi waiyvana, qaabesTan mivida da wiTelniskarta yvavis gamoCenas daeloda.
male yvavi marTlac mofrinda, iqve ormosTan dajda da miwis CiCqna daiwyo, iq ki WianWvelebis bude aRmoCnda. abdulmuttalibma da harisma maSinve im adgilis amoTxra daiwyes.
cota xnis Semdeg ormos Tavi gamouCnda. abdulmuttalibma
es rom dainaxa, sityvebiT: `allahi udidesia, allahi udidesia!” gamCeni adida.
yuraiSebi, romlebic ormos amoTxras didi yuradRebiT
adevnebdnen Tvalyurs, abdulmutallibs miubrundnen da
uTxres: `es Cveni winapari ismailis ormoa da wili Cvenc
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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gvekuTvnis, amitom Cvenc unda CagvrTo am saqmeSi~. abdulmuttalibma winaaRmdegoba gauwia: `ara! es mxolod Cemze
boZebuli movaleobaa”. yureaiSebma uTxres: `Sen marto xar,
erTi Svilis garda aravin gyavs, amitom CvenTvis winaaRmdegobis gawevas ver SeZleb”. abdulmuttalibma sisuste
igrZno, radgan erTi Svilis yolis gamo arcxvendnen, maSinve xelebi zecas aRapyro da ufals ase Seevedra: `gamCeno!
_ gevedrebi _ aTi Svili momeci. Tu Cems vedrebas Seismen,
erT-erT maTgans qaabas Sevwirav”.
abdulmuttalibs ar surda moZmeebTan dapirispireba,
amitom ormos amoTxras Tavi daaneba, weraqvi iqve daagdo
da mowinaaRmdegeebTan molaparakebas Seudga. gadawyvites
saqme mediatorisaTvis miendoT. SeTanxmdnen, rom am saqmeSi maT damaskoeli misani daexmareboda. mowinave yuraiSebis erTi jgufi damaskoSi gaemgzavra. Zlieri sicxiTa da
uwylobiT Sewuxebuli qaravani, gzas veRar agrZelebda. maT
erTi wveTi wyalic ki sanatreli gauxdaT. udabnoSi ki wylis naxva SeuZlebeli iyo.
im dros, rodesac yvela uimedobas mieca, abdulmuttalibma maT SesZaxa: `modiT! modiT! SeikribeT! imdeni wyali
vipove, rom Tqvenc geyofaT da Tqvens aqlemebsac”. wylis
Zebnis abdulmuttalibis aqlemis fexi did qvaSi gaeCxira,
fexis amoRebisas ki qva adgilidan daiZra, am dros qvis qveSidan wyali gamovida. yvelam maSinve iq miirbina da wyals
daewafnen.
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yuraiSebi abdulmuttalibis am sidiadis winaSe darcxvenili darCnen da uTxres: `abdulmuttalib! SenTvis saTqmeli
aRaraferi dagvrCa, zemzemis ormos gasaTxrelad yvelaze
Rirseuli Sen xar, amis Sesaxeb aRarasodes gekamaTebiT da
axla aRarc mkiTxavTan gvesaqmeba rame. ukan vbrundebiT”.
Semdeg yvelani meqqas gzas gaudgnen. abdulmuttalibma saxeze mbrwyinavi sxivis madliT, zemzemis ormos amoTxris pativi miiRo.
Suamavlis madlmosili sxivi
o
abdullahis zvarakad Sewirvis moTxovna
rodesac abdulmuttalibma zemzemis ormo amoTxara, misi
saxeli Sors gavarda. amis Semdeg ramdenime weli gavida.
uzenaesma allahma suliTa da guliT aRvlenili vedreba
ismina da abdulmuttalibs garda harisisa, aTi vaJi da eqvsi
qaliSvili uwyaloba. vaJebs erqvaT yusem, ebu leheb, hajl,
muyavvimi, dirar, zubeir, ebu Talib, abdullah, hamza da
abbasia. qaliSvilebis saxelebi iyo; safiie, aaTiqe, ummu haqim beida, berre, umeime da ervaa. abdulmuttalibs Svilebs
Soris abdullahi gansakuTrebiT uyvarda, radgan Suamavali
muhammedis sxivi mis Sublze gabrwyinda.
erTxel abulmuttalibs sizmarSi xma moesma: `abdulmuttalib! danapirebi Seasrule?” man, dilaadrian, zvarakad
verZi Seswira. RamiT, ZilSi igeve xmam uTxra: `verZze ufro
didi ram Seswire!~ _ meore dRes, diliT, msxvilfexa pirutyvi Seswira, miuxedavd amisa, RamiT sizmari isev ganmeorda:
`ufro didi ram Seswire!~ _ `msxvilfexaze didi ra ariso?~
_ ikiTxa man. maSin mas Seaxsenes, erT-erTi Svilis zvarakad
Sewirvas iyavi Sepirebuli da danapirebi Seasruleo.
meore dRes abdulmuttalibma bavSvebi Sekriba da wlebis win aRvlenili vedrebis Sesaxeb uambo. Semdeg acnoba,
rom valdebuli iyo erT-erTi maTgani zvarakad Seewira. vaJebisgan arcerTi ar SewinaaRmdegebia, ufro meti _ mamas
danapirebis Sesruleba Txoves da uTxres, rom Tavisi nebasurvilis mixedviT emoqmeda. abdulmuttalibma kenWisyriT
zvarakad Sesawiri vaJi daadgina da aseTi misi yvelaze sayvareli vaJi, wminda muhammed Suamavlis sxivis matarebeli
abdullahi aRmoCnda. abdulmuttalibi uceb wabarbacda,
Tvalebi cremliT aevso, magram allahisaTvis micemuli sityvis Sesrulebis garda, sxva gza aRar hqonda darCenili.
Semdeg erT xelSi dana daiWira, meore xelSi ki Zvirfasi
abdullahi aiyvana da gamCenze micemuli sityvis sisruleSi
mosayvanad qaabaSi mivida. Tvalcremliani mama abdullahis
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
Sesawirad ukve mzad iyo.
yuraiSelTa gavleniani pirebi am ambavs gakvirvebulni adevnebdnen Tvalyurs. maT Soris myofma abdullahis
biZam bavSvis mamas urCia: `abdulmuttalib! SeCerdi! Cven
Seni vaJis zvarkad SewirviT ar varT kmayofilni. Sen Tu
aseT saqmes gaakeTeb, dReis Semdeg es yuraiSTa Soris wesad
damkvidrdeba da yvela Tavisi vaJis zvarkad Sewirvis aRTqmas dadebs. nu gaxdebi aseTi saqmis wamomwyebi! Seni gamCenis kmayofilebisTvis sxva ram moifiqre!~ Semdeg urCia, rom
mkiTxavTan misvla urCia.
abdulmuttalibi, am sityvebis Semdeg, heiberSi erTerT mkiTxav, vinme quTbesTan (sejaq) wavida da Tavisi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb uambo. mkiTxavma hkiTxa: `TqvenTan erTi
adamianis sisxlis safasuri ramdenia?” `aTi aqlemi~ _ upasuxa abdulmuttalibma. mkiTxavma urCia: `aT aqlemsa da Svils
Soris kenWi hyare, kenWi Tu biWze amovida kidev aTi aqlemi
daamateT da xelaxla kenWi hyareT, sanam kenWi aqlemze amova, ase gaagrZele~.
abdulmuttalibi maSinve meqqaSi dabrunda da ise moiqca,
rogorc mkiTxavma daariga. kenWisyra ramdenjerme gaimeora,
magram sul abdullahs xvdeboda. bolos, roca aqlemebis
ricxvma ass miaRwia, kenWi ukve aqlemebze amovida. kenWisyra
orjer kidev gaimeora, orivejer aqlemebs xvda wilad. amis
Semdeg abdulmuttalibma iyvira: `allahi udidesia, allahi
udidesia!” da gamCens aqlemebi Seswira msxverplad. arc mas
da arc mis Svilebs xorci ar auRiaT, mTlianad Raribebs
dauriges.
wminda Suamavlis mama Zvirfasi abdullahi
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rodesac ori qveynis batonis, sayvareli muhammedis sxivis matarebeli abdullahi daibada, swavlulebma erTmaneTs
acnobes: `bolo drois Suamaval, muhammedis mama meqqaSi samyaros moevlina.~
Suamavlis madlmosili sxivi
o
israelis SvilebTan inaxeboda matylisgan moqsovili jubbe (Teqa). jubbe wminda iahias ekuTvnoda da Sehidad (gmirad)
dacemis dros ecva, wminda sisxlic am jubbeze gadasuliyo.
wminda wignebSi aRniSnulia: `roca es sisxli ganaxldeba da
wveTas daiwyebs, bolo drois Suamavali qveyanas moevlineba”. zustad, maSin iudevelma swavlulebma sisxli dainaxes da mixvdnen, rom abdullahi ukve dabadebuliyo, oRond
Surma sZliaT da ramdenjerme abdullahis mokvla ganizraxes, magram uzenaesma allahma abdullahi, mis Sublze arsebuli Suamaval muhammedis sxivis madliT, daifara.
abdullahi, mowifulobis asakSi yvelasgan momxiblvelobiTa da maRali zneobiT gamoirCeoda. igi sasurvel sasiZod iTvleboda. uamravi mmarTveli midioda abdullahTan
da Txovda, rom misi qaliSvili SeerTo colad. magram is
yvelas Tavaziani uariT istumrebda.
roca abdullahi Tvrameti wlis gaxda, yvela mis moxdenilobaze alaparakda. Sublze mas muhammed Suamavlis sxivi mzesaviT ubrwyinavda. mis mnaxvel gogonebs abdullahis
colobis survili uCndebodaT. misma silamazem da Rirsebam
egviptemdec CaaRwia. orasamde gogo meqqaSi imis gamo Cavida, rom masTan eqorwina. abdulmuttalibi ki SvilisTvis,
wminda ibrahimidan moyolebuli, hanifis rjulis morwmune,
keTilSobil, didgvarovan da lamaz gogos eZebda.
rodesac israelis Svilebi darwmundnen, rom wminda
wignebSi mocemuli, bolo drois Suamavali maTi tomidan
aRar moevlineboda, gautanlobis gamo, abdullahis mokvlis fici dades. amisaTvis samocdaaTi SearaRebuli adamiani
meqqaSi gagzavnes. isini xelsayrel dros elodebodnen. erT
dRes roca abdullahi mindorSi seirnobda, mas Tavs daesxnen. im dRes, allahis nebiT, abdullahis naTesavi vehb bin
abdi menafi ramdenime megobarTan erTad sanadirod gasuliyo. maT dainaxes Tu rogor daesxnen Tavs israelis Svilebi
abdullahs da daxmareba gadawyvites, miuxedavad imisa, rom
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
Tavdamsxmelebi Zalian bevri iyvnen da icodnen Setakebisas
damarcxdebodnen, Ddasaxmareblad mainc gaeSurnen. adgilze misulT saocari sanaxaoba gadaeSalaT Tvalwin, brZolaSi xmalaRmarTulni ucnauri cxenosnebi Caebnen, israelis
Svilebi akuwes da gauCinardnen. vehbi am movlenis gamo
gancvifrda. man allahis winaSe abdullahis Rirseba dainaxa. rodesac saxlSi dabrunda, momxdaris Sesaxeb meuRles
mouyva. col-qmari SeTanxmda, rom abdullahi Rirseuli sasiZo iyo da mas qaliSvil amines miaTxovebdnen.
abdulmuttalibs, beni zuhres tomis sidiadis, vehbis qaliSvilis amines silamazis, patiosnebis, xasiaTisa da rjulze damokidebulebis Sesaxeb bevri smenoda. modgmiTac naTesavebi iyvnen da saerTo winaprebi hyavdaT. abdulmuttalibi
abdullahisTvis amines xelis saTxovnelad, vehbis saxlSi
mivida. rodesac qaliSvilis xeli sTxova, vehbma uTxra:
`Cemo biZaSvilo! Cven es SemoTavazeba Tqvens mosvlamde miviReT” da ramdenime dRis win, nanaxi movlenis Sesaxeb mouyva. Semdeg daamata: `amines dedam sizmari naxa. rogorc man
mohyva, Cven ojaxSi raRac sxivi Semosula, mis brwyinvalebas
ca da dedamiwa gaunaTebia. mec wuxel sizmarSi Cveni winapari wminda ibrahimi vixile. man miTxra, rom abdulmuttalibis Svilis, abdullahis da amines niqaxi me gavakeTe da
Senc daeTanxmeo. dilidan am sizmris STabeWdilebis qveS
vimyofebi. Tqvens mosvlas velodebodi’’. am sityvebis gagonebaze abdulmuttalibma warmoTqva: `allahi udidesia!
allahi udidesia!”. abdullahi vehbis qaliSvilze, amineze
daaqorwines. aminesa da abdullahis qorwinebis Sesaxeb sxva
gadmocemebic arsebobs.
Zvirfasi sxivis wminda muhammedis dedaze gadasvla.
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rodesac samyaros lideris (beladis), sayvareli muhammedis dalocvili sxivi wminda amines Sublze gadavida, frinvelebma da cxovelebma erTmaneTs axares: `samyaros batonis
Suamavlis madlmosili sxivi
o
qveyanaze movlena moaxlovda. is, dedamiwis imedi, drois
mze aris”. Suamavali muhammedis dabadebis Rames ki qaabes
yvela kerpi Zirs daemxo. im periodSi meqqaSi Zlieri gaWirveba iyo. ramdenime weli iyo gasuli, meqqelebs wvima ar
enaxaT. xeebs mwvane foToli aRar SerCenoda, naTesebi sul
gaxma. xalxi sagonebelSi iyo Cavardnili. wminda sxivis amineze gadasvlis Semdeg, gawvimda da mosavalic baraqiani movida. im wels siuxvis weli uwodes.
amines fexmZimobisas, meuRle abdullahi damaskoSi, savaWrod iyo wasuli. ukan dabrunebisas avad gaxda da qalaq medinaSi biZasTan (nejjariSvilebi) mivida. iq Tvrameti,
Tu ocdaxuTi wlis asakSi gardaicvala. rodesac abdullahis gardacvalebis ambavi meqqaSi gaiges, mTeli qalaqi mwuxarebam moicva. sahabeTagan abdullah bin abbasi (allahi
iyos misgan kmayofili) gvacnobebs: `Suamaval muhammedis
mama abdullahi Svilis dabadebamde rom gardaicvala, angelozebma RmerTs SesCivles: `Cveno gamCeno, Seni resuli
(rCeuli)Suamavali oblad darCa~. uzenaesma allahma ki ase
upasuxa: `misi mfarveli da damxmare me var~.
spilos weli
spilos weli ukeTilSobilesi muhammedis dabadebamde,
ori TviT adre, Sevida istoriaSi. yoveli mxridan qaabes
mosanaxuleblad mozRvavebuli xalxis dabrkolebis msurvelma, iemenis gubernatorma ebrehem, bizantiis imperatoris daxmarebiT sanaSi didi eklesia aaSenebina da xalxisgan
misi monaxuleba moiTxova. magram arabebi ZvelTaganve qaabes
mosanaxuleblad dadiodnen da ebrehes mier aSenebul eklesias pativi saerTod ar sces. mas zizRis TvaliT uyurebdnen da ufro metic, erT-erTma maTganma eklesia daabinZura
kidec.
amis gamo gabrazebulma ebrehem qaabes dangreva gadawyvita, am mizniT Sekriba mravalricxovani jari da meqqasaken
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
gaemarTa. rodesac jari meqqas miuaxlovda, yuraiSTa qonebis Zarcva daiwyes, amasTan erTad abdulmuttalibis kuTvnil oras aqlemsac daepatronen. abdulmuttalibi ebrehesTan mivida da aqlemebis dabruneba moTxova. ebrehem ase
upasuxa: `me Tqveni wminda qaabes dasangrevad movedi, Sen ki
mas ar icav da aqlemebs iTxov?”. abdulmuttalibma mimarTa:
`me aqlemebis mepatrone var, xolo qaabes Tavisi patroni
hyavs da ueWvelad is daicavs mas”. ebrehem ki daitrabaxa: `me
qaabes dangrevaSi veravin aRmidgeba win!” abdulmutalibs
aqlemebi ukan daubruna. Semdeg ki jaris qaabesken wasvlis
brZaneba gasca. ebrehes erTi didi spilo hyavda, romelsac saxelad mamudi erqva, spilo jars win miuZRoda. ebrehe darwmunebuli iyo, rom gamarjvebas moipovebda, magram,
roca jari qaabesken gaemarTa, spilos erTi nabijic ki ver
gadaadgmevines win. roca iemenisaken miatriales cxoveli
gaiqca.
amgvarad, meqqas miaxloebul, magram TavdasxmisTvis Zalagamoleul ebrehes jars, uzenaesma allahma zevidan ebabilis Citebi anu mTis mercxlebi gamougzavna. TiToeul
mercxals muxudos an ospis odena sam-sami kenWi, erTi piriT, oric kidev klanWebiT mohqonda da am kenWebs ebrehes
jars zemodan uSendnen. kenWebi imdenad Zlierad ecemodaT
jariskacebs,rom isini maSinve kvdebodnen. rogorc wminda
aieTSia gadmocemuli, jari setyvisgan ganadgurebul puris
yanas daemsgavsa. ebrehem, es rom SeniSna, maSinve gaqceva scada, magram kenWebi sxeulze ecemoda da organizms ufleTTda. bolos mkvdari daeca Zirs. es movlena wminda yuranSi
(sura fiilSi) asea gadmocemuli:
(aq fiilis sures mniSvneloba unda daiweros)
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Suamavlis madlmosili sxivi
o
samaxaroblo ambebi
sayvareli muhammed Suamavlis dedamiwaze movlenis ambavi wminda adamidan moyolebuli, yvela Suamavalma da misma
mimdevarma icoda. isic iyo cnobili, rom, roca Suamavlis
dabadeba moaxlovdeboda, gauTvaliswinebeli movlenebi
moxdeboda.
musa Suamavalze garmovlenil, magram Semdgom saxeSecvlil TevraTSi (Tora) ase ewera: `is uZvirfasesi pirovneba, udidesi mowyale da metismetad qvelmoqmedia, Raribebis
sayvareli, xolo mdidrebis mkurnalia, ulamazesi da patiosani, saubrisas tkbilmoubari, gayofis dros samarTliani,
yoveli saqcielis dros marTali da pirdapiria. urwmunoebis mimarT mkacri da mrisxanea. moxucebs pativs scems, patarebs ki gulisxmierad da mowyaled epyroba. mcirediT madlieri da tyveebis Semcodebelia. yovelTvis momRimaria.
sicili Rimils ugavs da xmamaRla ar gaicinebs, wera-kiTxvis ucodinaria, mas yvelaferi wera-kiTxvis gareSe ecnoba,
is uzenaesi allahis Suamavalia is, ar aris cudi zneobisa
da boroti gulis, bazarSi da sazogadoebaSi xmamaRla ar iyvirebs. misi mimdevarni maRali zneobisani iqnebian, yvelgan
uzenaes allahs axseneben. muezzinebi meeznebi (vinc xalxs
salocavad uxmobs) minareTebidan xalxs mouxmoben. abdesiT (ritualuri ganwmendiT) iloceben, locvisas mwkrivebs
gaasworeben da erT mwkvrivSi dadgebian. RamiT maTi allahis xsenebis xma futkris bzuilis msgavsad gaismeba. meqqaSi daibadeba, medinadan damaskomde mTeli teritoria mis
mmarTvelobaSi iqneba. misi saxeli muhammedi anu `allahis
imedi~-a, Zaladakargul religiebs gaauqmebs da sanam WeSmarit religias daafuZnebs, manamde samyarodan ar gamoviyvan.
is xalxs WeSmaritebisaken mouwodebs. misi madliT brmebs
Tvalebi aexilebaT, smenadakargulebs smena daubrundebaT
da usulguloba aRar iqneba~.
daud Suamavalze movlenil, magram Semdgom saxeSecvlil
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
zeburSi ki ase ewera: `is xelgaSlili vinme iqneba, arasdros
gabrazdeba da metismetad Tbili xasiaTisa iqneba. momRimari,
tkbilmoubari da gasxivosnebuli saxis, adamianebis mkurnali.. bevrs itirebs, xolo cotas icinebs, cotas iZinebs,
bevrs ifiqrebs. Zalian mSvenieri da keTili iqneba. misi sityvebi gulebs daipyrobs, xolo sulebs miizidavs. “Cemo
Zvirfaso! Seni mowyale xmliT, mTeli Zal-RoniT, mamacur
asparezze urwmunoebze Suri iZie, tkbili eniT, Cemi qebadideba yvelgan gaavrcele, yvela urwmuno Seni saswaulmoqmedebis winaSe qeds moixris”.
isa Suamavalze movlenil da Semdeg saxeSecvlil injilSi (bibliaSi) ki Semdegnairad ewera: `is bevrs ar miirTmevs, Zunwi ar aris, ar moityuebs, moRalate ar iqneba,
aravis Seuracxyofs, arasodes iCqarebs, piradi interesebisTvis Surs ar iZiebs, zarmaci ar iqneba da cudad aravis axsenebs...~
bibliaSi aseve ewera, rom: `gamCenisgan movlenili munhamenna, is, ruhul yudusi, rom yofiliyo mosuli, is me
damemowmeboda, amasTan erTad Tqvenc daemowmebiT, radgan
CemTan erTad didi xania imyofebiT. me Tqven imitom geubnebiT amas, rom Semdeg eWvSi ar CavardeT da mcdari nabiji ar
gadadgaT”. zeviT moxsenebuli sityva munhamenna siriaSi mcxovrebi qristianebis salaparako enaa da muhammeds niSnavs.
umecrebis xana
samyaros sapatio Suamavlis dabadebamde, mTeli msoflio
Semzarav sulier wyvdiads moecva. adamianebi usazRvrod
gaSmagebuliyvnen. uzenaesi allahis mier gardmovlenili
religiebi miviwyebuliyo. allahis kanonebis adgili xalxis
umecar azrebsa da fiqrebs daekava. adamianebis despotizmis
gamo yvela arseba Sewuxebuliyo.
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xalxs uzenaesi allahi daeviwyebina. simSvidis, bednierebisa da sixarulis erTaderTi wyaro `Tevhidi~ _ erTi
Suamavlis madlmosili sxivi
o
RmerTis rwmena gamqraliyo. qveyanze urwmunoebi da kerpTTayvanismcemlebi momravlebuliyven. miviwyebuliyo musa
Suamavlis mier naqadagebi rjuli, TevraTi saxeSecvliliyo.
israelisSvilebi erTmaneTs gadamterebuliyvnen. isa Suamavlis mier naqadagebi qristianoba saxeSecvliliyo, bibliis
originali dakarguliyo, mRvdlebs igi, rogorc surdaT,
ise SeecvalaT. wminda wignebSi allahis sityvebs adamianis
sityvebi Sereoda.
egvipteSi saxeSecvlili TevraTis kanonebi, xolo bizantiaSi Secvlili qristianoba gavrcelebuliyo. iranSi
cecxls scemdnen Tayvans, maTi cecxli zustad aTasi weli
Caumqralad enTo. CineTSi konfucizmi, xolo indoeTSi budizmis msgavsi monagoni religiebs misdevdnen.
arabi xalxi, yvelaze metad Tavgzaabneuli da gzasacdenili iyo. maT uzenaesi allahis uZvirfases qaabeSi samassamocamde kerpi moaTavses. diadi qaabe kerpebis Tayvaniscemis
adgilad iqca. gamCens aRaravin axsenebda. maT daaviwydaT,
rom is, vinc qaabes upativcemulod moeqca, uzenaesma allahma mokle xanSi gaanadgura.
jurhumis toms mruSobasa da garyvnilebaSi Rrmad Seutopavs. am tomis aseTi upativcemulo da mdabio qcevebis Semyure mmarTvelebi, maT mimarTavdnen: `jurhumelebo! uzenaes
allahis haremi Serifisa da haremis usafrTxoeba daicaviT
da Wkuaze modiT! kargad iciT, Tu ra mouvidaT da rogor
ganadgurdnen Tqvenamde mosuli hud, salihisa da Suaibis
TiToeul mimdevari. erTmaneTs sikeTisken mouwodeT, borotebas ki ufrTxildiT. warmaval Zlierebas ar endoT da
nu motyuvdebiT. meqqaSi WeSmaritebas saxes nu SeucvliT,
despotizms ufrTxildiT, radgan is xalxis ganadgurebis
sababi gaxdeba. allahze vificebT da geubnebiT, rom vinc
am qalaqSi icxovrebs, usamarTlod moiqceva, WeSmaritebisgan saxes ibrunebs, uzenaesi allahis mis modgmas gawyvets
da maT fesvebs amoglejs. mis adgilze sxva toms moiyvans.
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
Smagobis gamgrZelebelni da WeSmaritebisgan gzasacdenili
meqqelebi aq mudmivad ver darCebian. kargad iciT, rac mouvidaT, Tqvenamde am qalaqSi mcxovreb, ufro didxans darCenil, ufro Zlier, Tqvenze ufro bevr da mdidar Tasm,
jedisisa da amalikalebs. maT mier haremi Serifis daufasebloba, WeSmaritebisgan piris mibruneba da usamarTlobaSi
CaZirva am wminda adgilidan gandevnis mizezi gaxda. ginaxavT
da kargad gsmeniaT, rom zogierT maTgans uzenaesi allahma
patara WianWvelebiT udidesi ubedureba daatexa Tavs, bevri gaWirvebiT, zogic kidev ZaliT iqna gaZevebuli.
magram maT ar mousmines rCeva-darigebebs da uzenaesi allahma isinic znedacemulobis gamo iqeT-aqeT mimofanta an
gaanadgura.
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meqqaSi mainc uRmerTobas da urwmunoebas waeleka yvelaferi. beiTullahi (allahis saxli) laT, uzza da menafis
msgavs kerpebiT ivseboda. despotizmi ukanasknel zRvars
aRwevda, amoraluroba siamayed miiCneoda. arabeTi religiuri, moraluri, sazogadoebrivi da politikuri gadasaxedidan, sayovelTaod cnobil, aboboqrebul, gaSmagebul, gaukuRmarTebul srul umecrebaSi iyo moqceuli. am umecrebis
xanad wodebul droSi, xalxi tomebad dayofilni, zogadad
momTabare cxovrebas eweodnen. isini gamudmebiT eqiSpebodnen erTmaneTs. maTi saarsebo wyaro TavdasxmiTa da ZarcviT
mopovebuli Semosavali iyo arabul tomebs Soris politikuri kanonebi, sazogadoebrivi wesrigi ar arsebobda. garda amisa, loToba, azartuli TamaSebi, mruSoba, qurdoba,
usamarTloba, tyuili, amoraluroba usazRvrod gavrcelebuliyo. despotizmi, Zlieris sustis mimarT gamoyenebuli
sastiki, Tavzardamcemi saSualeba iyo. qali, rogorc ubralo nivTi ise iyideboda. xalxis erTi nawili qaliSvilebis SeZenas ubedurebad da cxovrebis Sav laqad Tvlidnen.
aseTma, saSinelma Sexedulebam im dones miaRwia, rom patara
qaliSvilebs silaSi amoTxril ormoebSi cocxlad marxavdnen. maT ganwirul kivils Svelis saTxovnelad yuradRebas
Suamavlis madlmosili sxivi
o
aravin aqcevda, aseT qcevebs gmirobad Tvlidnen. aqedan
gamomdinare imdroindel adamianebs Soris gulisxmiereba,
TanagrZnoba, sikeTe, samarTali da msgavsi humanuri Tvisebebi TiTqmis aRar arsebobda.
miuxedavad aseTi viTarebisa, am xanaSi arabebs Soris, erTi
sayuradRebo sakiTxi win iyo wamoweuli. im dros literaturasa da mWermetyvelebas didi yuradReba eqceoda da maRal doneze oyo asuli. poetebsa da poezias did mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen, amas did siamayed Tvlidnen. Zlieri poeti,
rogorc piradi, aseve tomis avtoriteti iyo. garkveul
periodSi bazrobebi imarTaboda, mxatvruli kiTxvisa da
oratoruli gamosvlebis Sejibrebebi tardeboda. gamarjvebulTa leqsebsa da sityvebs qaabes kedelze gamokravdnen,
rom xalxs enaxa. am kedels `Svidi sakidari~ ewodeboda.
imdroindel arabeTSi xalxi sarwmunobis mixedviT nawilnawil iyo dayofili. nawili sruliad urwmuno iyo, amqveyniuri cxovrebis garda arafrisa ar sjeroda. nawils ki
- allahu Tealasa da gankiTxvis dRis swamda, magram adamianTagan Suamavali rom unda movleniliyo, amas ar ijerebda.
nawils allahisa swamda, xolo gankiTxvis dRisa ki ara.
ufro didma nawilma ki allahu Tealas uRalata da kerpebs dauwyo Tayvaniscema. yoveli urwmuno, ojaxSi TiTo
kerps inaxavda.
garda amisa, wminda ibrahimis rjulis matarebeli henifebic iyvnen. am xalxs uzenaesi allahis swamda da kerpebisgan
Sors idga. Suamavali muhammedis mama
abdullahi, babua
abdulmuttalibi, deda da sxvebi am rjulze iyvnen.
garda henifebisa, arabeTSi mcxovrebi yvela tomi, umecrebaSi imyofeboda.
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o
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
qveyanaze mobrZaneba
(dabadeba)
samyaro wyvdiads moecva. adamianebs yovlis gamCeni uzenaesi allahis rwmena da msaxureba mietovebinaT. isini bunebriv movlenebs, usulo sagnebsa da adamianis xeliT gakeTebul qvisa da xis nivTebs _ kerpebs scemdnen Tayvans.
samyaroSi cxovreba uRimRamod miedineboda. irgvliv
mowyenilobasa da naRvels daesadgurebina. adamianebi sevdianebi iyvnen uzenaesi allahis mier sxva yvela cocxal arsebebze maRlad mdgom adamianebs, jojoxeTisgan gadamrCeni
gmiri sWirdebodaT. gmiris dabadebamde Zalian cota dro
rCeboda. ueWveli iyo, rom adamianebisa da yoveli cocxali arsebis maradiuli bednierebis gzis gamkvlevi, Rirseuli adamiani mobrZandeboda, romelic… gulisxmierebisa
da mowyalebis wyaro iyo. igi maRali zneobiT, usazRvro
sikeTiT da samarTlianobiT gamoirCeoda.
...mahmudis adgilsamyofelis (mayami mahmudi) patroni,
adamianebis mosarCle, samyaros maswavlebeli, yovelTa sulierTa patroni, adamianebis mfarveli mobrZandeboda! gankiTxvis dRes, daxmarebis SeZlebis unaris mqone, SuamavalTa
sulTani, allahis usayvarlesi adamiani, Suamavali muhammedi mobrZandeboda…( sallalahu aleihi vesellem).
mTeli qveyniereba _ zeca da qveskneli _ mokrZalebiTa da
sixaruliT elodeboda seiidul murselin, heTemul enbia,
habibul hudas. yvela cocxali arseba emzadeboda, raTa Tavis enaze eTqva SuamavalisaTvis: ,,keTili iyos Seni mobrZaneba”. muhammed (mustafa s.a.s) Suamavali hijreTamde 53
wliT adre (Tanamedrove welTaaRricxviT 570 wels) rebiul
evvelis meTormete Rames, orSabaTs, ganTiadisas, meqqaSi
haSimisSvilebis ubanSi, safas mTasTan axlo saxlSi daibada. qveyniereba misi mobrZanebiT gamococxlda, wyvdiads ki
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
uceb naTeli moefina.
medariju’n nubuvves nawarmoebSi axsnilia:
udidesi RirsebiT amaRlebuli, dedaTagan yvelaze bednieri, wminda amine fexmZimobaze mogviTxrobs: `im, uZvirfasesze fexmZimobis dReebSi, aranairi tkivili da wuxili
mqonia. verc ki vgrZnobdi fexmZimobas. magram eqvsi Tvis
Semdeg, erT dRes, Zil-RviZilSi viRacam miTxra: `Sen Tu
ici, visze xar fexmZimed”? `ar vici~ _ vupasuxe. `icode,
rom ukanasknel Suamavalze xar fexmZimed~ _ macnoba man.
rodesac mSobiarobis dro moaxlovda, is ucnobi isev movida da miTxra: `amine! bavSvi rom daibadeba, saxelad muhammedi daarqvi~. sxva gadmocemis mixedviT ki amines Txoves:
`saxelad ahmedi daarqvi~.
wminda amine mSobiarobis Sesaxeb ase mogviTxrobs:
`rodesac mSobiarobis dro movida, STambeWdavi xma momesma. kankali daviwye, Semdeg TeTri Citi davinaxe, mofrinda da frTebiT momefera. SiSi da kankali gamiqra. im wams
ise momwyurda wyali, rom sicxisgan viwvodi, Cems gverdiT
erTi finjani, rZesaviT TeTri SarbaTi davinaxe. SarbaTi
momawodes, davlie, civi da Taflze tkbili iyo. wyali aRar
mwyuroda. Semdeg didi sxivi davinaxe, romelmac saxli ise
gaanaTa, rom sxivis garda sxvas verafers vxedavdi.
am dros Cem garSemo tanmaRali, mzesaviT saxegabrwyinebuli Zalian bevri qali davinaxe. es qalebi abdul menafis
qaliSvilebs hgavdnen. gakvirebuli viyavi, isini ase uceb aq
rogor gaCdnen-meTqi. erTma maTganma miTxra: `me firRavnis
coli, asia var!~ meorem ki _ `meriem binTi imrani (imranis
qaliSvili meriemi) var danarCenebi ki samoTxis angelozebi
arian~.
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saxeze TeTri, grZeli abreSumis qsovili Camomafares,
romlis sigrZec cidan miwamde swvdeboda. im wamsve Citebis jgufi gamoCnda. maT piri zurmuxtisa, xolo frTebi ki
qveyanaze mobrZaneba
o
lalisa hqondaT. SiSisgan ofli mdioda, oflis wveTebi ki
sasiamovno surnels afrqvevdnen. am dros Tvalebze farda
amxades. mTeli samyaro davinaxe. vnaxe, gars angelozebi
damtrialebdnen~.
rodesac wminda muhammedi daibada, jer kidev ToTo bavSvma muxli moiyara, dalocvili Tavi sejdeze daado, saCvenebeli TiTi aswia da locva daiwyo. am dros caze Rrubeli
gaCnda, mzes aefara da bavSvs Crdili daadga. xma momesma:
,,misi dabadeba aRmosavleTidan dasavleTamde yvelam unda
gaigos, misi sidiade yvelam unda SeigrZnos, rom uzenaesma
allahma misi moqmedebiT poliTeizmi mospos.~ am sityvebis
Semdeg Rrubelic gauCinarda da muhammedi (s.a.s) TeTri
matylis naWerSi Sexveuli davinaxe. am dros saxeganaTebuli
sami pirovneba movida. erTs xelSi vercxlis sura, meores
zurmuxtis varcli, xolo mesames xelSi abreSumis naWeri
eWira. suridan sasiamovno surneli ifrqveoda. Cemi dalocvili Svili varclSi Caawvines, Tavi da fexebi dabanes da
abreSumSi Seaxvies. Semdeg, Tavze sasiamovno surneli wausves, Tvaleze malamo mousves da gauCinardnen~.
rodesac wminda muhammedi daibada, wminda amines gverdiT
abdurrahman bin avf’is deda, Sifa, osman bin ebi’l as’is deda,
fatima, Suamavalis mamida safie imyofebodnen. am yvelafris
TviTmxilvelni isini iyvnen. Sifa xaTuni ase gviambobs: `me
im Rames amines dasaxmareblad viyavi misuli. wminda muhammedi davinaxe. dabadebisTanave allahs emudareboda. irgvliv
ki yvelaferi gasxivosnebuli iyo.
rodesac mas Suamavloba ecnoba, yovelgvari yoymanis gareSe erT-erTi pirveli morwmune me viyavi~.
safie xaTuni ki mogviTxrobs:
`wminda muhammedis dabadebisas, irgvliv RvTaebrivi Suqi
gabrwyinda. dabadebisTanave Cvilma muxli moiyara (sejde
gaakeTa), Semdeg Tavi wamowia da gasagebi eniT warmosTqva:
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
`la ilahe illallah, inni resulullah~ (ar arsebobs RvTaeba garda allahisa da ueWvelia, rom me allahis Suamavali var). roca bavSvis dabana gadavwyvite, idumali xma
momesma: `Cven is dabanili movavlineT”. agreTve davinaxe
Wipi moWrili hqonda da winadacveTili iyo. bavSvi Cumi xmiT
raRacas CurCulebda, roca mivuaxlovdi gavigone, am sityvebs ambobda: `ummeTi, ummeTi!~ _ `Cemi mimdevari, Cemi mimdevario~- evedreboda allahs.
sayvareli muhammedis dabadeba babua abdulmuttalibs
maSin umaxarobles, rodesac is qaabesTan uzenaesi allahs
evedreboda.
wminda muhammedis dabadebis dRes, uamravi gauTvaliswinebeli movlenis mnaxvel abdulmuttalibs es ambavi Zlier
gauxarda. `am bavSvis dideba da Rirseba brwyinvale iqneba”
_ Tqva gaxarebulma babuam.
abdullahma aseTi udidesi sixarulis aRsaniSnavad, dabadebis meSvide dRes meqqas mosaxleobisTvis samdRiani wveuleba gamarTa. garda amisa, qalaqis yvela ubanSi aqlemebi
dakla, xorci ki yvelas dauriga. wveulebis dros, roca
hkiTxes bavSvs ra daarqvio, man upasuxa: `muhammedi~. kiTxvaze Seni romelime winapris saxeli ratom ar daarqvio, abdullahma upasuxa, uzenaesi allahis da adamianebis saqebsadidebeli saxeli minda rom erqvas da imitomo.
sxva gadmocemiT, bavSvs muhammedi dedam, wminda aminem
daarqva.
dabadebis Rames momxdari saswaulebi
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Rirseuli Suamavalis dabadebis wina dReebSi da dabadebisas, samyaroSi bevri gauTvaliswinebeli movlena moxda.
Suamavlis dabadebamde mis mosvlas ukve grZnobdnen dedamiwaze. bevri cnobili adamiani iseT sizmrebs naxulobda,
sadac Suamavlis amqveynad movlena iyo axsnili.
qveyanaze mobrZaneba
o
Zvirfasi Suamavlis babua abdulmuttalibi mogviTxrobs:
`erT dRes uceb CameZina. ZilSi koSmari mesizmra. gaRviZebuls, Zalian SemeSinda da maSinve mkiTxavTan wavedi sizmris asaxsnelad. mkiTxavi, rogorc ki Semxeda, mixvda, rom
aforiaqebuli viyavi. mizezi mkiTxa. me davjeqi da sizmari
movuyevi.
_ sizmrad didi xe vixile, romlis wveri cas swvdeboda,
xolo totebi aRmosavleTidan dasavleTamde hqonda gaSlili. xe ise iyo gasxivosnebuli, rom mzis brwyinvalebas Crdilavda. sxivi xan gamoCndeboda, xan kidev miimaleboda.
adamianebis miaxloebisas Suqi ufro matulobda.
yureiSis tomis erTi nawili am xes eWideboda, xolo meore nawili ki xis moWras cdilobda. erTi axalgazrda xis
moWris msurvelebis SeCerebas cdilobda. Wabuki iseTi lamazi iyo, rom gaocebuli darCebodi. misi sxeuli surnelovan aromats afrqvevda. mindoda xis tots CavWidebodi,
magram ver mivwvdi. rodesac sizmris moyola davamTavre,
mkiTxavs feri ecvala da Sewuxebulma miTxra, im xisgan Sen
wili ar gekuTvnis, vinc tots CaeWida, xec imisiao da ganagrZo: `Seni modgmidan Suamavali moevlineba qveynierebas. is
yvela kuTxis baton-patroni gaxdeba da adamianebi mis rwmenas miiReben~ _ Semdeg gverdiT myof Cems Svils, ebu talibs
miubrunda da Tqva: `es rogorc Cans misi biZa iqneba~. ebu
talibs am movlenis Sesaxeb wminda muhammedis Suamavloba
rom ecnoba, maSin mouyolia. namdvilad, is xe muhammed ebul
yasim el eminia.
sayvareli muhammedis Sobis Rames caze erTi varskvlavi
gaCnda. rodesac es ebraelma swavlulebma SeniSnes, mixvdnen, rom muhammedi ukve dabadebuliyo. sahabeTagan hasan
bin sabiTi gadmogvcems: `rva wlis viyavi, roca erT dilas,
ebraeli darboda da yviroda, wuxeli ahmedis varskvlavi
daibadao. sayvareli Suamavalis dabadebis Rames, qaabes yvela kerpi pirqve daemxo~. urveT ubnu zubeiri gadmogcems,
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
rom yureiSis erT toms sakuTari kerpi hqonda. weliwadSi
erTxel am kerps gars uvlidnen. iqve aqlemebs Seswiravdnen
da Rvinos dalevdnen. erTxel, roca kerpTan mividnen, is
pirqve damxobili daxvdaT. gaaswores, isev daemxo, ase samjer ganmeorda. Semdeg aseTi xma moesmaT: `iseTi vinme daibada, rom qveynad yvelaferia SeiZra. sadac kerpi iyo, yvela
Zirs daemxo. xelmwifeebs SiSis Tavzari daecaT~. es movlena
zustad muhammedis (s.a.s) dabadebis Rames momxdara.
qalaq medinaSi iranis Sahis sasaxlis ToTxmeti koSki
daemxo. es im Rames moxda, roca muhammedi daibada. xmaurze
SiSiT gamoRviZebulma Sahma da misma xalxma roca es naxa,
mixvdnen rom raRac mniSvnelovani moxda.
im Rames, cecxlTayvanismcemelTa cecxli, romelic aTasi
weli Caumqrali enTo, uceb Caqra. cecxlis Caqrobis TariRi da Sahis sasaxlis koSkebis damxoba erTsa da imave Rames
emTxveva.
imave Rames, wmindad cnobili saves tbac uceb daweula da
wyali damSrala.
damaskoSi aTasi weli uwylod gamomSrali semaves mdinaris dablobi im Rames wyliT avsila da dineba dauwyia.
muhammedis (s.a) dabadebis Ramis Semdeg eSmakebi da jinebi yuraiS mkiTxavebs movlenebis Sesaxeb aRar auwyebdnen.
mkiTxaobas bolo moeRo.
sayvareli Suamavlis dabadebidan moyolebuli, manamde
uxilavi aseTi movlenebis garda, sxva bevri msgavsi movlena
moxda. yvela es movlena ukanaskneli Suamavalis-muhammedis
dabadebaze mianiSnebda.
dabadebis Rame (mevlidis Rame)
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mevlidi, sayvareli Suamavlis-muhammedis dabadebis Ramea.
sityva `mevlidi” arabulad dabadebas niSnavs. yadiris Ramis
qveyanaze mobrZaneba
o
(ramazanis Tvis 27-e Rame. am Rames yurani qerimi CamobrZanda
zecidan miwaze) Semdeg Zvirfas RameTagan erT-erTia. visac
mevlidis Rame, anu Suamavlis dabadebis Rame gauxardeba,
mas uzenaesi allahi codvebs apatiebs. sayvareli Suamavali
gvaswavlis: `mas, vinc am RamiT, dabadebis Ramis Sesaxeb saswaulebs ikiTxavs, mousmens, an iswavlis, didi madli daewerebao~.
eshabi qiramSi naTqvamia: `Suamavalis dabadebis Rames Seikribebodnen da gaixsenebdnen im RamiTYY momxdar movlenebs.
mTeli msoflios muslimanebi, yovel weliwads, am dResaswaulis Rames zeimoben. yvelgan mevlidis saxotbo leqsebis
kiTxviT, samyaros
mxsnels ixseneben~.
muhammed Suamavalis yvela mimdevarisaTvis es dRe sazeimoa.
ZiZaze mibareba
qalbatonma amines, rodesac man gasxivosnebuli Svili
gulSi Caikra, TiTqos, wuTiT daaviwyda meuRlis abdullahis gardacvaleba. cxra dRis Semdeg, ebu lehebis mxevalma, suveibem ramdenime dRe gauwia ZiZoba Suamavals.
qalbaton suveibes manamde wminda hamzasTvis, xolo Semdeg ki ebu selemisTvis uwovebia ZuZu. hafizi ibni jezri
gadmogvcems:`sizmrad ebu lehebi vixile. roca vkiTxe, rogor xar-meTqi, mipasuxa: `saflavSi wamebiT visjebi. magram
yoveli wlis rebiul evvelis meTormete Rames (mevlidis Rames) sasjeli mimsubuqdeba. TiTebidan gamonaden gril wyals
vsvam da vxalisob. im Rames, rodesac allahis Suamavali
daibada, Cemma mxevalma suveibem muhammedis dabadeba maxara.
mec Zalian gamixarda, mxevlobisgan gavaTavisufle da ZiZoba vubrZane. amitom am RamiT sasjeli mimsubuqdeba...~
im periodSi, roca Suamavali daibada, meqqaSi Svilebis
aRsazrdelad ZiZaze mibarebis wesi hqondaT. meqqaSi autaneli sicxeebi icoda. amitom bavSvebs axlo-maxlo, sadac sufTa
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
haeri da ankara wyali iyo, ZiZas miabarebdnen da garkveuli
drois manZilze masTan tovebdnen. yovel weliwads, aseTi
mizniT meqqaSi uamravi qali modioda. isini TiTo bavSvs aiyvandnen da ukan brundebodnen. rodesac bavSvebs gazrdidnen da mSoblebs Caabarebdnen, sanacvlod bevr fulsa da
saCuqrebs iRebdnen.
rodesac Suamavali muhammedi daibada, im welsac ialaRebze mcxovrebi beni sad’is tomidan, ZiZobis mizniT, uamravi qali meqqaSi movida da yovelma maTganma TiTo bavSvi
aiyvana. beni sad’is tomi, meqqas axlo-maxlo tomTa Soris,
RirsebiT, xelgaSlilobiT, vaJkacobiT, TavmdablobiTa da
arabuli enis gramatikuli codniT sakmaod cnobili iyo.
yuraiSis tomTa mowinaveni, bavSvebis misabareblad, ufro
xSirad, am toms irCevdnen. im wels beni sad’is tomis mxares
didi gvalva da gaWirveba idga. am tomis qalbatoni halime mogviTxrobs: `im weliwads mindvrad davdiodi, balaxs
vkrefdi da amisaTvis gamCens madlobas vwiravdi. zogjer
sami dRe ise gavidoda, rom verafers vWamdi. mdgomareobas
isic arTulebda, rom orsulad viyavi. SiSilisgan iseT mdgomareobaSic vyofilvar, rom dRes
Ramisgan veRar varCevdi. erT Rames udabnoSi CameZina.
mesizmra, viRacam rZeze ufro TeTr mdinareSi Tavi Camayofina da miTxra: `es wyali dalieo~. wyals davewafe da
wyurvili movikali. Semdeg maiZula kidev damelia da rac
SemeZlo, davlie. wyali Taflze ufro tkbili iyo. `rZe bevri gqonodes halime! micani?~ _ mkiTxa man. roca vupasuxe,
ver gicani- meTqi, man miTxra: `me Seni dardisa da wuxilis
dros gamoxatuli madliereba var. halime! meqqaSi wadi, iq
Sen “sxivs” megobrad SeiZen. xvaviTa da baraqiT aivsebi da
damavala es sizmari aravisTvis momeyola, rodesac gameRviZa, vnaxe, mkerdi rZiT mqonda savse, amasTan erTad dardsa
da SimSilsac mivetovebine~.
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Suamavlis dabadebis wels meqqaSi, sxva wlebTan Sedare-
qveyanaze mobrZaneba
o
biT, ZiZobis surviliT ufro meti qali Cavida. Yyoveli maTgani cdilobda, rom mdidarTa bavSvebi aeyvanaT. rac Seexeba
Zvirfasi muhammedis ayvanas, imis gamo, rom oboli iyo da
ojaxi bevr jamagirs ver gadaixdida, aravin isurva misi ayvana. meqqaSi Camosul qalebs Soris patiosnebiT, saTnoebiT,
sikeTiTa da maRali zneobiT cnobili qalbatoni halimec
iyo. aqlemis sisustis gamo halimes da mis meuRles meqqaSi
misvla daagviandaT, magram es dagvianeba maTTvis ufro sasikeTo aRmoCnda. meqqaSi siarulis dros naxes, rom yvela
mdidari bavSvi waeyvanaT. maT xelcarieli ukan dabruneba
ar undodaT.
am xetialSi isini mimzidveli da lamazi saxis mqone pirovnebas Sexvdnen. es meqqas meTauri abdulmutalibi iyo.
rodesac abdulmuttalibma maTi survili gaigo, Tavisi SviliSvilis ayvana SesTavaza da daamata, rom Tu isini bavSvs
aiyvandnen, simdidresa da bednierebas eweodnen. misma tkbilma saubarma col-qmari Zalian moxibla da SemoTavazeba
miiRes. abdulmuttalibma halime amines saxlSi waiyvana. halime mogviTxrobs: `mwvane abreSumis safarSi Sexveul bavSvs
tkbilad eZina. irgvliv sasiamovno surneli ifrqvevoda.
misi naxviT gaocebuli davrCi da bavSvi maSinve Semiyvarda.
misi gaRviZeba ar mindoda. roca xeli mkerdze frTxilad
Sevaxe, gaeRviZa da RimiliT Semomxeda. me ki am Rimilma momajadova. gavifiqre, deda aseT iSviaT Svils me ar momcemsmeTqi. xelSi nazad aviyvane. marjvena ZuZu mivawode da wova
daiwyo, Semdeg marcxena ZuZu mivawode, magram ar Wama. abdulmuttalibi momibrunda da miTxra: `gilocav halime, qalebs Soris Sen yvelaze bednieri qali xar~.
rodesac aminem sayvareli Svili momca, miTxra: `halime!
sami dRis win xma momesma: `vinc Sens Svils ZuZu unda awovos, is qali beni sa’d tomidan, ebu zueibis modgmidan aris~
`mec, zustad, beni sa’d tomidan var. mamaCemis saxeli ebu
zueibia~. vupasuxe me. aminem kidev bevri ram momiyva da rCeva-darigeba momca. Semdeg meqqaSi mosvlamde nanaxi sizmari
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
movuyevi da isic vuTxari, rom gzad marjvnidan da marcxnidan aseTi xmebi mesmoda; `gilocav, halime! im Tvalebis
momWrel da samyaros mnaTob sxivze ZuZus mowoveba Sen gxvda wilad!
Zvirfasi muhammedi xelSi aviyvane, saxlidan gamovedi da
meuRlesTan davbrundi. qmarma mkerdSi Caxutebul bavSvs
saxeze rom daxeda, gancvifrebuli darCa bavSvis silamaziT.
xelSi aiyvana Tu ara, maSinve SeamCnia, rom gansakuTrebuli
bavSvi iyo. meuRlem miTxra: `halime! icode, rom Sen dalocvili da uZvirfasesi bavSvi gyavs ayvanili~.me gaxarebulma
vuTxari: `allahs vficava! zustad aseT bavSvs vnatrobdi,
natvra amisrulda~.
meqqadan ukan dabrunebuli col-qmari gzaSive gaxda mowme
Zvirfasi muhammedis fexbednierebisa da baraqianobisa. isini
gzaSi wamoewivnen maTze karga xniT adre wasul mgzavrebs.
Zala gamoleuli arabuli cxenebi Zlivs miiwevdnen win.
daewivnen da gaaswres kidec. beni sa’dis samSobloSi roca
mividnen, maT uxvi dovlaTi da baraqa ewviaT. mewveli saqonels, romelic manamde Zalian cota rZes iwvelida, axla
ukve savse curi hqondaT. mezoblebi, Tavdapirvelad, naxuliT gakvirvebuli iyvnen, magram mere mixvdnen, rom xvavisa
da baraqis sababi ayvanili bavSvi iyo.
gvalvis gamo Zlier gaWirvebaSi Cavardnili xalxi allahis mimarT vedrebis aRsavlenad gamovida da Zvirfasi muhammedi Tan gaiyola allahma, muhammedis madliT, maT uxvi
wvima da baraqa arguna.
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Zvirfasi muhammedi dedobil halimes marjvena ZuZus wovda, xolo marcxenas ki ara. igi mas Tavis Zmobils utovebda.
ori Tvis iyo, cocva daiwyo, sami Tvisa fexze dadga, oTxi
Tvisam ki kedlis daxmarebiT siaruli daiwyo, xolo xuTi
Tvisam ukve gaiara. eqvsi Tvis ukve swrafad dadioda, Svidi
Tvis roca gaxda, ukve yvelgan mimodioda. rva Tvisa gasageb
enaze, xolo cxra Tvisa ki mkafiod laparakobda, aTi Tvisam
qveyanaze mobrZaneba
o
ki isris gasrola iswavla. halime mogviTxrobs: `rodesac
pirvelad laparaki daiwyo, warmoTqva: `la ilaahe illellah
vallahu eqber, velhamdu lillahi robil alemin~ (ar arsebobs RvTaeba garda allahisa, allahi udidesia, madloba
samyaros gamCen baton-patron allahs). im dRis Semdeg, sanam
allahis saxels axsenebda, xels arafers Seaxebda. marcxena
xeliT arafers miirTmevda. rac siaruli iswavla, mis Semdeg bavSvebTan ar TamaSobda da maT ase etyoda: `Cven magisTvis ar varT gaCenilio~. yovel dRes is mzis sxivis msgavsad
anaTebda. mTvares elaparakeboda da roca aniSnebda, mTvare
moZraobas iwyebda.
halime aseve ixsenebs: „rodesac Zvirfasi muhammedi ori
wlis gaxda, mas ZuZus Wama davatovebine. Semdeg meuRlesTan
erTad meqqaSi wavediT, raTa is dedisTvis Cagvebarebina. magram misgan daSoreba Zalian gviZneldeboda. mis Sesaxeb dedamiss amines movuyevi. qalbatonma aminem miTxra: `Cemi vaJi
brwyinvale da Rirseulia~. mec daveTanxme, allahs vficav,
aseTi dalocvili vinme arsad minaxia meTqi. Semdeg qalbaton amines vTxove, rom kidev cota xans daetovebina CemTan
muhammedi. man ar gvawyenina da neba mogvca bavSvi kvlav darCeniliyo CvenTn. bavSvTan erTad isev toms davubrundiT.
muhammedis madliT, Cveni ojaxi xvaviTa da baraqiT aivso,
saxlSi sikeTem da sixarulma daisadgura~.
dalocvili gulis gawmenda
halime Txrobas agrZelebs: `samyaros siamayem (sallallahu aleihi vesellem) erT dRes ikiTxa: `dRisiT Zmebi arsad
Canan. ra aris amis mizezi?~ cxvrebis sawyemsavad dadian, saxlSi ki mxolod saRamos modian-meTqi, vupasuxe. es rom gaigo
mTxova: `maTTan erTad mec gamiSvi, mec minda cxvris mwyemsva~.
sxva da sxva mizezis gamo uari vuTxari. man ar daiSala da
iZulebuli gavxdi, misi survili damekmayofilebina. meore
dRes dalocvili Tma davuvarcxne, tansacmeli Cavacvi da
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
ZmobilebTan erTad gavgzavne. İigi maT ramdenime dRe dayveboda cxvarSi. erT dRes roca Cemi gogona Seima saZovridan dabrunda, vkiTxe: `Cemi Tvalis sinaTle, muhammedi sad
aris?~ `udabnoSi~ _ mipasuxa man. vaime, Cemi gulisTqma, am
sicxeSi udabnoSi rogor uZlebs-meTqi rom vkiTxe, Seimam
mipasuxa: `dediko! mas arasodes araferi daemarTeba, radgan
misi mas Rrublis naWeri yovelTvis Tan dahyveba. ase, rom
mzis sicxisgan daculia~. Semdeg, roca vkiTxe: `ras ambob
Seima, nuTu rasac ambob, es yvelaferi marTalia?~ man daifica, rom simarTles meubneboda. me cotaTi davmSviddi.
erT dRes, SuadRisas, misi Zmobili abdullahi movida CemTan da mTxova: „dediko, swrafad wamodi! yuraiS ZmobilTan
erTad cxvars vaZovebdiT, moulodnelad mwvane tansacmelSi gamowyobili sami pirovneba movida, Zmobili mTaze aiyvanes, zurgze daawvines da daniT muceli gauWres. me SenTan
gamoviqeci ambis mosatanad da ar vici muhammedi cocxali
aris, Tu ara. es rom gavige, aRvSfoTdi da saswrafod iqiT
gaviqeci. roca iadgilze mivedi da bavSvi saR-salamaTi vnaxe, gulSi Cavikari da vkiTxe: `Cemo Tvalis sinaTlev, samyaros wyalobav, ra mogivida? vin Segawuxa?~ is ki momiyva:
„saxlidan rom gamovedi, mwvane tansacmelSi Cacmuli ori
pirovneba davinaxe. erTs xelSi vercxlis sura eWira, xolo
meores mwvane zurmuxtis varcli. varcli Tovlze ufro
TeTri raRac nivTierebiT iyo savse. mTis wverze amiyvanes.
erTma zurgze damawvina da mkerdi Wipamde gamiWra, aranairi tkivili ar migrZvnia. WrilobaSi xeli Cayo da rac iyo
yvelaferi amoyara. Semdeg im TeTri nivTierebiT garecxes,
gawmindes da ukanve Caawyves. Semdeg meorem uTxra: `adeqi
axla, rom mec Cemi movaleoba Sevasrulo~, TviTonac Cayo
xeli WrilobaSi da guli amoiRo. or nawilad gayo, Signidan Savi raRac amoiRo da gadaagdo. momibrunda da miTxra:
`Sens sxeulSi es eSmakis wili iyo, amoviReT da gadavagdeT.
uzenaesi allahis usayvarleso, Sen eSmakis cdunebisagan
dagicaviT~. Semdeg guli natifi da rbili masiT amoavses
da sxivis beWdiT daluqes. axlac, im beWdis sicives mTeli
qveyanaze mobrZaneba
o
sxeuliT vgrZnob. amis Semdeg erT-erTma maTganma Wrilobaze xeli gadamisva Tu ara, maSinve gamimrTelda. Semdeg
Cems mimdevarTagan aT adamianTan erTad amwones, me ufro
mZime aRmovCndi, aTas adamianTan erTad amwones, me kvlav
mZime aRmovCndi. bolos erTma meores uTxra: `SeeSvi magis
awonvas, allahs vficav, rom eg Tundac yvela mimdevarTan
erTad awono, mainc mZime aRmoCndeba. amis mere orivem xelze da saxeze makoces, aq damtoves da wavidnen~.- daasrula Txroba bavSvma. roca davakvirdi, gulmkerdze naiarevi
marTla etyoboda.
sayvareli Suamavlis es Tavgadasavali, romelic yuranis
inSirahis suris pirvel aieTSi aris naxsenebi, am movlenas
`Sayyi sedr~, anu gulmkerdis garRveva hqvia.
roca wminda muhammeds Suamavloba ecnoba, sahabeTagan
zogierTma Txova: `allahis Suamavalo! Tqvens Sesaxeb gvaimbeT~. man ase upasuxa: `me Cemi babuas vedreba, Cemi Zmis, isas
saCuqari da amines sizmari var, rodesac Cemze fexmZimed iyo,
misgan gardmosuli, damaskos sasaxlis mnaTobi sxivi dainaxa.
me sa’d bin beqiris bavSvebTan erTad gavizarde“.
halimem muhammedi oTxi wlis asakSi, meqqaSi, dedasTan
daabruna. babua abdulmuttalibma qalbatoni halime uxvad daasaCuqra. qalma didad ganicada bavSvTan ganSoreba _
TiTqos suli da guli masTan darCa.
pativcemuli dedis gardacvaleba
sayvareli muhammed Suamavali eqvs wlamde dedasTan izrdeboda. roca is eqvsi wlis gaxda, dedam mxeval ummu eimenTan erTad, mamisa da naTesavebis saflavebis mosanaxuleblad, medinaSi waiyvana. iq erTi Tve darCnen. Suamavali
medinaSi, nejjariSvilebis kuTvnil auzSi curvas swavlobda. aq erTma swavlulma ebraelma masSi Suamavlobis niSnebi
dainaxa. masTan axlos mivida da saxeli hkiTxa. Suamavalma,
muhammedi mqviao, upasuxa. es rom gaigo, ebraelma iyvira: „es
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bavSvi bolo drois Suamavali gaxdeba~. garda amisa iq, sxva
swavlulebsac SeuniSnavT misTvis Suamavlobis niSnebi da
erTmaneTSi usaubriaT, rom is iqneboda bolo Suamavali. am
sityvebis gamgone ummu eimenma, es wminda amines acnoba. dedas SeeSinda Svils araferi SeemTxveso da saswrafod meqqaSi
dabruneba gadawyvita. rodesac ebvaSi mividnen, wminda amine
avad gaxda. avadmyofoba Zlierdeboda, qali xSirad gonebas
kargavda. roca amine mixvda, rom sikvdilma uwia, sayvarel
Svils, muhammeds Sexeda da uTxra: „saSineli sikvdilisTvis
gametebuli uzenaesi allahis daxmarebiTa da sikeTiT, asi
aqlemis sanacvlod sikvdils gadarCenili adamianis Svilo,
gamCenma daglocos! Tu sizmari marTali iqneba, Sen diadi da
mwyalobeli allahis mxridan, adamianebs alalisa da aramis
(akrZalulisa da nebadarTulis) macned moevlinebi. uzenaesi allahi adamianebis mogonili kerpebisa da kerpTayvanismcemlobisagan, dagifaravs~. am sityvebis warmoTqmisTanave
amine gardaicvala. maSin is sul raRac 20 wlis iyo.
dedis gardacvalebis Semdeg, ummu eimenma qveynierebis batoni, wminda muhammedi waiyvana da ramdenime dRis mogzaurobis Semdeg, meqqaSi, babua abdulmutalibTan datova.
babuasTan
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muhammed Suamavali Svid wlamde babuasTan izrdeboda. babua abdulmuttalibi meqqaSi sxvadasxva sasikeTo saqmeebis
xelmZRvaneli, yvelasaTvis sayvareli, warmosadegi, momTmeni, zrdilobiani, alalmarTali, mamaci da xelgaSlili kaci
iyo. Raribebs saWmliT umaspinZldeboda, ufro metic, mSier
cxovelebsac ki sakvebs aZlevda. mas swamda uzenaesi allahis da gankiTxvis dRis. amasTan erTad is cudi saqmisagan
Sors idga da umecrebis xanis yovelgvari cudi qcevebisgan
Tavi Sors eWira. meqqaSi despotizms abrkolebda da mosul
stumrebs umaspinZldeboda. ramaznis TveSi, sinas mTaze ganmartoeba wesad eqca. bavSvebis moyvaruli da gulisxmieri
qveyanaze mobrZaneba
o
abdulmuttalibi sayvarel SviliSvils gulSi Caikravda da
dRe-Rame gverdidan ar iSorebda. mis mimarT did siyvarulsa da sinazes iCenda. qaabes CrdilSi, mindorze masTan erTad jdeboda. sayvareli Suamavlis ZiZa, ummu eimens daJinebiT sTxovda, rom misTvis yuradRebiT miexeda. „SviliSvils
kargad mimixede. swavlulebi Cemi SviliSvilis Sesaxeb amboben, rom am xalxis Suamavali unda gaxdes“.-ambobda is. ummu
eimeni mogviTxrobs: `mas bavSvobaSi arc SimSilisa da arc
wyurvilis pretenzia hqonia. dilaobiT erT ylup zemzems
dalevda, Semdeg, roca saWmels SevTavazebdi, ara mSiao _
metyoda~.
rodesac abdulmuttalibs oTaxSi eZina, muhammedis garda aravis miscemda iq Sesvlis nebas. mas yovelTvis gulisxmierebiT gulSi Caikravda, moefereboda, vinaidan misi laparaki da qcevebi yovelTvis Zalian moswonda. mis gareSe
ar Wamda, mas muxlze daisvamda da yvelaze tkbil lukmas
miawodebda. Aabdulmuttalibi SviliSvilze uamrav sizmars
naxulobda da cxadSi xSirad ise iqceoda, rogorc sizmari
karnaxobda.
erTxel, meqqaSi gvalvis Sedegad, gaWirveba daiwyo. abdulmuttalibma, sizmris karnaxiT, Zvirfas muhammeds xeli
mohkida da ebu qubeisis mTaze aiyvana. mTaze asuli RmerTs
Seevedra: `Cemo allaho, am bavSvis madliT, Cven uxvi wvimiT
gagvaxare~. ismina allahma misi vedreba da uxvi wvima wamovida. es movlena im droindelma poetebma leqsebSi gamoxates.
nejraneli beri
erT dRes, roca abdulmuttalibi qaabesTan ijda, masTan
nejraneli beri mivida da laparaki dauwyo. Cven wignebSi,
iudevelebisgan sul bolos mosasvleli Suamavlis Tvisebebi wavikiTxeT. aqauroba, anu meqqa misi dabadebis adgilia.
am dros sayvareli muhammedi maTTan mivida. nejranelma
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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berma is yuradRebiT SeaTvaliera. Semdeg miuaxlovda. Tvalebi, zurgi da fexebi Seumowma da aRelvebulma wamoiyvira:
`ai esaa! es bavSvi Seni modgmidanaa?~ abdulmuttalibma rom
upasuxa, Cemi Sviliao, nejranelma berma uTxra: `rogorc
wignebSi wavikiTxeT, am bavSvis mama cocxali ar unda iyos!~
maSin abdulmuttalibma uTxra: `is Cemi SviliSvilia. mama
dabadebamde gardaecvala~. `ai es aris simarTle~ – Tqva
gaxarebulma berma. berTan saubris Semdeg abdulmuttalibi
Svilebs miubrunda da uTxra: `rasac Tqveni ZmisSvilis Sesaxeb amboben, kargad mousmineT, daimaxsovreT, Tval-yuri
adevneT da gaufrTxildiTo”.
babuas gardacvaleba
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abdulmuttalibma gardacvalebis win Svilebi moixmo da
uTxra: `Cemi gardacvalebis dro movida. mxolod am obolze
vdardob. netav, didxans mecocxla da Cemi movaleoba Rirseulad Semesrulebina. magram ar damcalda. guli dardiT
mikvdeba. muhammedi romelime Tqvengans minda mivabaro. magram romeli Tqvengani daicavs mas da Rirseulad da uangarod emsaxureba?” ebu lehebma muxlebze daiCoqa da uTxra:
`arabTa batono! Tqven Tu am uflis rCeulis aRsazrdelad
Rirseuli vinme gyavT amorCeuli, Zalian kargi, Tu ara da
am samsaxurs me gavwev~. abdulmuttalibma mas ase mimarTa:
`Sen mdidari xar, magram ulmobeli guli gaqvs da naklebad
lmobieri xar, oblis guli ki damwuxrebuli da nazia, uceb
ewyineba~. danarCenma Svilebmac gamoTqves muhammedis aRzrdis survili, magram abdulmuttalibma yvela maTgans, garkveuli mizezebis gamo, uari uTxra. jeri ebu talibze midga:
`me yvelaze ufro metad minda es, magram roca aq ufrosebi
arian, maTze win wasvla mosawoni ar iqneboda. cota qoneba
maqvs, magram rac Seexeba erTgulebas, Zmebs vjobivar~,-tqva
man abdulmuttalibic daeTanxma da uTxra: `marTals ambob.
am movaleobisaTvis yvelaze ufro Rirseuli Sen xar, magram
me nebismier saqmes mas vkiTxav da rogorc sworad CaTv-
qveyanaze mobrZaneba
o
lis ise moviqcevi. erTad moviTaTbirebT da yvela sakiTxSi
swor gadawyvetilebas miviRebT. mas vkiTxav da, romelsac
agirCevT daveTanxmebi~
Semdeg sayvarel muhammeds miubrunda da hkiTxa: `Cemo
Tvalis sinaTlev, Seni dardi mimyveba imqveynad. minda Cem
sicocxleSi Rirseul adamians Cagabaro. Sen romels airCev?~ muhammedi imwamsve adga, ebu talibs kalTaSi Caujda
da yelze Semoexvia. abdulmuttalibi damSvidda. madloba
allahs! mec es mindodao, warmoTqva. Semdeg ebu talibs miubrunda da uTxra: `ebu talib, am margalits ded-mamis siTbo
ar unaxavs. Sen unda SeZlo, mSobliuri alersi agrZnobino.
Sen sxva biWebTan SedarebiT ufro metad gafaseb. amitom am
bavSvs Sen gitoveb. radgan misi mama da Sen dediT da mamiT
Zmebi xarT. mas Tvalis CiniviT gaufrTxildi da daicavi!~
am sityvebis Semdeg abdulmuttalibma sayvareli muhammedi
gulSi Caikra, Tavi da Tvalebi daukocna da misi sasiamovno
surneli iynosa. Semdeg ase warmoTqva: `yvelani mowme iyaviT, rom amaze ufro sasiamovno surneli arsad miynosia da
arc amaze ufro lamazi saxe minaxavs~.
ebu talibis mfarvelobaSi
babuis gardacvalebis Semdeg, qveynierebis batoni, rva
wlis asakidan, biZia ebu talibTan izrdeboda. im dros ebu
talibi, mama abdulmuttalibis msgavsad, meqqaSi gavlenian
da samarTlian pirovnebad iTvleboda. mas yvela afasebda.
ebu talibma sayvareli Suamavlis mimarT didi gulisxmiereba da siyvaruli gamoiCina. ZmiSvili sakuTar Svilebze
ufro metad uyvarda. mis gareSe ar iZinebda. bavSvi yvelgan Tan dahyavda. Sen didi bednierebis, sikeTis momtani da
dalocvili xaro, etyoda. yovelTvis surda Wama pirvelad
muhammeds daewyo. zogjer misTvis calke sufras gaaSlevinebda. diliT roca gaiRviZebda, dabanda da davarcxnida.
ebu talibi Zalian mdidari ar iyo da amasTan erTad, mra-
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valsuliani ojaxi hyavda. mas Semdeg, rac wminda muhammedi mfarvelobaSi miiRo, baraqasa da siuxves ewia. rodesac
meqqaSi gvalvis Sedegad gaWirvebam iCina Tavi, ebu talibma
igi qaabeSi waiyvana da vedreba aRavlina. muhammedis madliT
uxvi wvima wamovida da xalxi gvalvasa da gaWirvebisagan gadaarCina.
beri bahira
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sayvareli Suamavali Tormeti wlisa iyo, roca ebu talibma savaWrod gamgzavreba gadawyvita. Sewuxebulma bavSma
uTxra: `am qalaqSi me visTan mtoveb da midixar? aq arc mama
myavs da ar Semcodebeli vinme~.… am sityvebma ebu talibi
daafiqra da gadawyvita, bavSvi Tan waeyvana. savaWro qaravani
xangrZlivi mogzaurobis Semdeg, busraSi, qristianebisTvis
gankuTvnil monasterTan SeCerda. am monasterSi beri bahira
rCeboda, romelic Tavdapirvelad ebraeli swavluli iyo,
SemdegSi ki qristes mimdevari gaxda. swavlul berTan ZvelTaZveli wigni inaxeboda da vinme Tu rames hkiTxavda, wignis
meSveobiT pasuxobda. miuxedavad imisa, rom yuraiSelTa qaravanma aq bevrjer gaiara, beri arasodes dainteresebula
maTiT. magram qaravnis aq mosvlis wina dReebSi beri yovel
diliT monastris saxuravze avidoda, im mxares ucqerda,
saidanac yuraiSTa qaravani unda mosuliyo da didi interesiT raRacas elodeboda. erT dRes, rogorc iqna, yuraiSTa
qaravani gamoCnda. berma SeamCnia, rom qaravans zemodan Rrublis naWeri Tan mohyveboda. es Rrubeli Suamaval muhammeds
Crdilad dahyveboda, raTa is sicxes ar Seewuxebina. rodesac qaravani gaCerda bahiram im xis ZirSi, sadac Suamavali
muhammedi dajda, dainaxa, Tu rogor daxara xem totebi. man
maSinve sufra gaaSlevina. Semdeg yuraiSTa qaravnis yvela
mgzavri saWmelze miiwvia. meqaravneebma sayvareli Suamavali
qaravanTan datoves da berTan wavidnen. bahiram stumrebi
yuradRebiT aaTvaliera da hkiTxa: `yuraiSebo, Tqven Soris
gaxlavT iseTi, vinc saWmelze ar mosula?~ ki, erTi biWio
qveyanaze mobrZaneba
o
_ upasuxes man. berma bahiram dainaxa, rom Rrubeli qaravnis
zemoT darCa. man daiJina, biWi moeyvanaT da moayvanina kidec. bahiram yuradRebiT SeaTvaliera bavSvi da ebu talibs
hkiTxa:`es bavSvi Seni STamomavalia?~ `Cemi vaJia~ _ upasuxa
ebu talibma. bahiram Tqva: `me rogorc wignebSi maqvs wakiTxuli, am bavSvis mama cocxali ar unda iyos, is Seni vaJi
ar aris~. maSin ebu talibma simarTle uTxra:`is Cemi Zmis
Svilia~. Semdeg bahiram hkiTxa mamas ra mouvidao. mama dabadebamde gardaecvalao _ upasuxa. `exla ki marTali Tqvi.
ki magram, dedas ra mouvida?~ _ dedac moukvdao _ upasuxa
biZam. ebu talibTan saubris Semdeg, beri bahira Suamaval
muhammeds miubrunda da kerpebze daficeba mosTxova. muhammedma uari uTxra: `kerpebze ar damafico, me isini Zalian
mZuls~.
Semdeg bahiram uzenaes allahze daafica da hkiTxa:
`iZineb?~ pasuxad miiRo: `TvalebiT viZineb, magram guls ar
sZinavs~. garda amisa, bahiram sxva uamravi kiTxva dausva da
pasuxic miiRo. miRebuli pasuxebi, adre wignebSi wakiTxuls
zustad Seesabameboda. bahiram amis Semdeg sayvarel Suamavals TvalebSi Caxeda, ebu talibs miubrunda da hkiTxa: `mis
dalocvil TvalebSi es siwiTle yovelTvis aris?~ `diax,
yovelTvis aqvs~ - upasuxa ebu talibma. bahiram am niSnis
Sesabamisobac rom dainaxa, Semdeg ufro myari daskvnis
gamosatanad, Suamavlobis beWdis (muhr’ri nubuvves) naxva
isurva. bavSvs zurgis Cveneba moerida, magram biZam Txova, rom beris es survilic Seesrulebina. muhammedma zurgi
aCvena. bahiram muhr’i nubuvves silamazes didxans ucqira.
didi mRelvarebiT akoca da Tvalcremlianma Tqva: `mowme var, rom Sen allahis Suamavali xar~. Semdeg xmamaRla
gaagrZela: `ai, samyaros baton-patroni. uzenaesi allahis
mier samyaros wyalobad movlenili diadi Suamavali~.… iq
myofi yureiSelebi, romelTac warmodgena ar hqondaT bavSvis sidiadis Sesaxeb, gaocebuli Sescqerodnen bers,.
bahira ebu talibs miubrunda da uTxra: `es, yvelaze Rr-
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
seuli bolo Suamavalia. misi rjuli, garkveuli drois Semdeg, mTel dedamiwas moedeba da Zvel religiebs gaauqmebs.
es bavSvi damaskoSi aRar waiyvano, vinaidan iudevelebi mas
mtroben da xifaTi ar SeemTxves. amis Sesaxeb uamravi winaswarmetyveleba arsebobs. uzenaesma allahma yvela Suamavals
da maT Soris ukanasknels, isasac acnoba, rom bolo drois
Suamavali moevlineboda qveynierebas~.
ebu talibma, bahirasTan saubris Semdeg, damaskoSi wasvla
gadaifiqra. saqoneli busraSi gahyida da meqqaSi dabrunda.
bahiras sityvebi ebu talibs mTeli cxovreba yurSi Caesmoda. Suamavali muhammedi ufro metad Seuyvarda. mas sikvdilamde mxarSi edga da yvela saqmeSi exmareboda.
muhammedi izrdeboda. igi yvelasgan gamoirCeoda Tavisi
RirsebiT, sikeTiT, patiosnebiT, saTnoebiTa da silamaziT.
muhammedi Cvidmeti wlisa iyo, roca biZia zubeirma iemenSi
savaWrod waiyvana. zubeirs swamda, rom muhammeds Tu waiyvanda, mgzavroba da vaWroba kargad damTavrdeboda. mgzavrobis dros uamravi gasaocari ram SeemTxvaT, meqqaSi dabrunebis Semdeg amis Sesaxeb yvela laparakobda. yuraiSebi
aRiarebdnen, rom muhammedi RmerTis rCeuli iyo
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qveyanaze mobrZaneba
o
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axalgazrdoba da qorwineba
adamianebze yovelmxriv upiratesma, muhammed Suamavalma,
Tanatolebis gadmocemiT, jer kidev axalgazrdobaSi meqqeli xalxis siyvaruli daimsaxura. lamazi zneobiT, adamianebis mimarT araCveulebrivi mopyrobiT, lmobierebiTa
da sxva umaRlesi TvisebebiT gamorCeuli, yvelas uyvarda.
adamianebi misi TvisebebiT aRfrTovanebulni iyvnen. Yyvelaze metad meqqelebs, misi Tvisebebidan, simarTlis Tqmis
gasaocari unari akvirvebdaT. amis gamo, mas zedmetsaxelad
`el emin~ anu sando muhammedi daarqves. axalgazrdobaSi is
am saxeliT gaxda cnobili.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, im periodSi, roca muhammed
Suamavali cxovrobda, arabeTSi sruli umecrebis xana iyo.
arabebSi erTi RmerTis rwmena ar arsebobda. İisini kerpebs
scemdnen Tayvans. Zaladoba, usamarTloba, loToba, mruSoba da kidev uamravi uxamsi saqcieli maTi cxovrebis norma iyo. wminda muhammeds saSinlad ejavreboda maTi amgvari
cxovrebis wesi da cdilobda, Tavi Sors daeWira yovelgvari uxamsobisgan. meqqelebi gakvirvebulni iyvnen muhammedis
amgvari saqcieliT. mas kerpebi sastikad ezizReboda da maT
axlosac ki ar gakarebia. kerpebisTvis Sewiruli zvarakis
xorcs arasodes sWamda. bavSvobaSi da axalgazrdobaSi Tavis kuTvnil cxvars, jiadis axlo-maxlos aZovebda. cxvari misi Semosavlis mTavari wyaro iyo. erTxel sahabeTagan
erT-erTma hkiTxa: `ar arsebobs Suamavali, romelsac cxvari
ar uwyemsia. allahis Suamavalo! Tqvenc mwyemseT cxvari? _
`diax, mec vwyemse cxvari~ _ upasuxa man.
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rodesac wminda muhammedi oci wlis gaxda, meqqaSi isev
usamarTloba batonobda. sazogadoebrivi wesrigi mTlianad iyo moSlili. Kkacis kvla, sakuTrebis warTmeva, ojaxis
Sercxvena Cveulebrivi movlenebi iyo. meqqelebi savaWrod
da qaabes mosanaxuleblad mosul stumrebs usamrTlod
axalgazrdoba da qorwineba
o
eqceodnen da Cagravdnen. maTi dacva aravis SeeZlo. erTxel iemenidan mosul vaWars meqqelma as bin vilim mTlianad waarTva saqoneli. İiemeneli vaWari qubeisis mTaze avida
da yvirili atexa daxmarebis saTxovnelad. aseTi SemTxveva
uamravi iyo. Aarsebuli viTarebiT Sewuxebuli meqqeli avtoritetuli pirebi - haSimis, zuhres Svilebi da sxva tomis
warmomadgenlebi abdullah bin judis saxlSi Seikribnen.
iq gadawyda, rom adgilobrivi iqneba Tu ucxoeli, yvelas
samarTlianad unda moeqcnen. ganukiTxaobas bolo unda moeRos. am mizniT Camoayalibes marTlmsajulTa sazogadoeba. Aam sazogadoebaSi wminda muhammedi axalgazrdobaSive
gaerTianda. sazogadoebas `hilful fuduli~ ewoda. ufro
adre aseTi sazogadoeba fadlsa da fudails CamouyalibebiaT. maT pativsacemad sazogadoebas es saxeli amitom ewoda.
am sazogadoebam meqqaSi aRkveTa usamarTloba da Camoayaliba moSlili sazogadoebrivi wesrigi. sazogadoeba didxans
axdenda gavlenas meqqelebze. rodesac wminda muhammeds
Suamavloba ecnoba, sahabeebs ase uxsnida: `rodesac abdullah judanis saxlSi usamarTlobis winaaRmdeg fici daido,
iq mec vimyofebodi. CemTvis is fici wiTel bewvian aqlemebze
(simdidre) ufro metad sasixaruloa. axlac, aseT krebaze rom
mimiwvion, siamovnebiT miviRebdi monawileobas~.
vaWrobaSi Cabma
meqqelebis saarsebo wyaro, odiTganve, vaWroba iyo. sayvareli muhammed Suamavlis biZa, ebu talibic vaWrobiT iyo
dasaqmebuli. rodesac sayvareli Suamavali ocdaxuTi wlis
gaxda, meqqaSi cxovreba sakmaod gaWirda. meqqelebma damaskoSi savaWrod wasvla gadawyvites. wasasvlelad didi qaravani moamzades. ebu talibi allahis Suamaval muhammedTan
mivida da sTxova: `pativcemulo ZmisSvilo! gaWirvebam kritikul zRvars miaRwia. xelSi aRaraferi dagvrCa. sadacaa,
qaravani damaskosaken unda daiZras. qalbatonma xatijem am
qaravniT Tavisi saqoneli unda gaagzavnos. amisaTvis auci-
n
47
o
sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
leblad sando pirovnebas eZebs. ueWvelia, rom SenisTana
sando, patiosani da erTguli adamiani sWirdeba. wavideT da
davelaparakoT. iqneb, am qaravnis meTaurad Sen dagniSnos.
darwmunebuli var, rom Sen sxvebze ufro metad gendoba.
Tumca me Seni damaskoSi gagzavna ar minda, radgan vSiSob
iudevelebma araferi dagiSavon. magram sxva gamosavals ver
vxedav~. sayvarelma Suamavalma mas uTxra: `rogorc Sen gagixardeba, ise moiqeci~.
wminda xatije arabeTSi silamaziT, WkuiT, namusiT, xasiaTiTa da zrdilobiT gamorCeuli da Rirseuli qalbatoni iyo. misi colad SerTvis survili bevrs hqonda. magram TviTon yuradRebas aravis aqcevda da sizmarSi naxul
rCeuls elodeboda. sizmari ki aseTi hqonda nanaxi, viTom,
cidan mTvare Camovida, ubeSi CauZvra, Semdeg mTvaris Suqma
iRliidan gamoasxiva da mTeli samyaro gaanaTa. diliT es
sizmari Tavis naTesavs, varaya bin nevfels mouyva. varayam
mas uTxra: `bolo drois Suamavali dabadebula. is SenTan
iqorwinebs da Seni meuRleobis dros mas vahi (zeSTagoneba)
mouva. religiis Suqi samyaros gaanaTebs. yvelaze pirvelad
Sen iwameb. is Suamavali yuraiS beni haSimTagan iqneba~. am
sityvebma xatije Zalian gaaxara da bolo Suamavlis mobrZanebis lodini daiwyo.
wminda xatije vaWrobiT iyo dasaqmebuli. magram TviTon
arsad miemgzavreboda. savaWrod sxvas agzavnida da mogebis
wils aZlevda. ebu talibi xatijesTan mivida da Txova, savaWrod muhammedi gaeSva. xatijem muhammedi TavisTan ojaxSi
miipatiJa da didi mowiwebiTa da mokrZalebiT gaumaspinZlda. xatije sayvareli muhammedis sispetakem, Tavazianobam
da sandomiani saxis naxvam aRafrTovana da mas uTxra: `vici,
rom simarTlis mTqmeli, saimedo, utyuari da kargi zneobis
adamiani xar. am saqmisaTvis imdens gadagixdi, ramdenic jer
aravisTvis gadamixdia~... amis Semdeg am samsaxurisTvis saWiro tansacmeli misca da gaacila.
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48
axalgazrdoba da qorwineba
o
xatijes Tavisi swavluli, qristiani biZaSvili varaya bin
nevfelisgan bolo Suamavalis niSnebi gaego. muhammedSi, misi
stumrobis dros, Suamavlobis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi
amoecno. amitomac Tavis monas meisers uTxra: `rodesac qaravani meqqadan gasvlas daapirebs aqlemis aRviri muhammeds
mieci xelSi, rom meqqelebma raime miTqma-moTqma ar daiwyon.
qalaqs rom gaSordebian, es Zvirfasi tansacmeli mas Caacvi~.
Semdeg yvelaze lamazi aqlemi, rogorc sulTans Seefereboda, ise Sekazma da meisers uTxra: `is am aqlemze didi
pativiscemiT dasvi, avSara xelSi daikave da Tavi mis monad
icani. misi nebarTvis gareSe araferi gaakeTo da xifaTisgan
mis dasacavad sicocxlec ki ar daiSuro. sadac midixarT,
didxans nu gaCerdebiT da maleve wamodiT. amrigad, haSimisSvilebis winaSe darcxvenili ar gamovideT. Tu Cem naTqvams
gulisyuriT Seasruleb, gagaTavisufleb da ramdenic ginda, imden qonebas mogcem~.
qaravani wasasvlelad moemzada. uamravi meqqeli axloblebis gamosamSvidobeblad Sekrebiliyo. sayvareli muhammedis naTesavebi, biZebi, haSimisSvilebis ufrosebic iq imyofebodnen. muhammedis mamidac, allahis Suamavali muhammedi
msaxuris formaSi rom dainaxa, muxlebi moekveTa, wivil-kivili atexa da Tvalebidan cremlebi daRvara. `eh abdulmuttalib, eh zemzemis ormos gamTxrelo, didebulo adamiano,
eh abdullah. adeqiT saflavebidan, aqeT moixedeT da naxeT
Tqveni dalocvili vaJi ra dReSia~. ase gamoxata man Tavisi
gulistkivili. ebu talibic igives grZnobda da ganicdida. allahis Suamavalma muhammedmac Tvalebidan margalitiviT cremlebi Rvara da warmoTqva: `mSvidad iyaviT, nu
dagaviwydebaT, rom bevri mwuxareba da dardi gadamitania~.
am sityvebis gamgone, yvela atirda. angelozebic ki Sewuxdnen muhammedis mdgomareobiT, magram uzenaesma allahma maT ubrZana: `diax, is Cemi usayvarelesi adamiania. magram
Tqven am siyvarulis saidumlos ver gaigebT,… siyvarulsa da
sayvarels Soris idumalebas Tqven ver gaigebT. am samsaxurs
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49
o
sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
veravin gaigebs. am farul saqmeSi veravin gaerkveva~.
qaravani meqqadan daiZra. roca meqqa ukan moitoves, meiserem brZanebis Tanaxmad, Zvirfasi tanisamosi sayvarel
Suamavals Caacva, nair-nairi abreSumis qsovilebiT morTul-mokazmul aqlemze Sesva, aRviri xelSi daikava da gza
ganagrZes.
meqaravneebma dainaxes qveynierebis wyalobad movlenil
sayvareli Suamavals Zirs daSvebuli Rrubeli nel-nela
rogor dahyveboda. garda amisa, maT Citebis saxiT ori angelozi dainaxes, romlebic mogzaurobis dasrulebamde Tan
axldaT. gzad daRlilobisgan CamorCenilma orma aqlemmma,
romlebic nabijsac ki veRar dgamdnen win, muhammedma xeli
gadausva Tu ara maSinve iwyes siaruli. mgzavrobisas kidev
bevri iseTi ram moxda, ramac meqaravneebs muhammedi kidev
ufro Seayvara. isini mixvdnen, rom is gamorCeuli pirovneba
iyo. rodesac busraSi Cavidnen, kvlav im monasterTan axlos
SeCerdnen, sadac beri bahira moRvaweobda. bahira, romelmac ramdenime niSanTvisebis mixedviT, Zvirfasi muhammedis bolo Suamavlobis Sesaxeb mohyva, ukve gardacvliliyo. misi adgili vinme nasturas daekava. nasturam, romelic
yuradRebiT uyurebda monasterTan axlos gamxmar xesTan
SeCerebul qaravans, dainaxa, Tu rogor ayvavda uceb es usicocxlo xe. man meiseres hkiTxa: `im xis ZirSi vin zis?” `is
haremis tomidan aris~ - upasuxa meiserem. Semdeg nasturam
ganagrZo: `dRemde im xis ZirSi Suamavlis garda sxva aravis
Seusvenebia, mas TvalebSi cota siwiTle Tu aqvs?~ meiserma dasturiT upasuxa. maSin nasturam warmoTqva: `uzenaesi allahis mier isa Suamavalze gardmovlenil, wminda wign
biblias vficav, rom es pirovneba bolo Suamavali unda
iyos. netavi mec moveswrebode im dRes, rodesac mas es misia daekisreba~.
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roca Zvirfasi muhammedi busras bazarze qalbatoni hatijes saqonels hyidda, erT-erTi ebraeli SeevaWra. raRacaze
axalgazrdoba da qorwineba
o
ver SeTanxmdnen. ebraelma uTxra, laTsa da Ruzas kerpebze
daifice da davijerebo. muhammedma mas miugo: `me mag kerpebze
arasodes davificeb, maTTan axlos Tu momixdeba gavla, saxes
maTgan mivatrialeb~. gaocebulma ebraelma iyvira: `vficav,
es adamiani momavali Suamavali iqneba. Cvens swavlulebs aseTi niSan-Tvisebebis Sesaxeb wignebSi waukiTxavT~.
meisere, rasac sayvareli muhammedis Sesaxeb ismenda da
xedavda, yvelafers detalurad imaxsovrebda da mis mimarT
gancvifreba ufro da ufro emateboda. meiseres gulSi
qveynierebis batonis mimarT siyvaruli warmoiqmna. ukve mas
didi siamovnebiTa da pativiscemiT emsaxureboda. patara miniSnebiTac ki saqmes didi sixaruliT asrulebda.
rac saqoneli hqondaT waRebuli, yvela gaiyida. Zvirfasi muhammedis madliT, sxva drosgan gansxvavebiT, vaWrobam
bevrjer ufro meti mogeba datova. qaravani ukan dabrunda.
rodesac merruzzahranis teritorias moaRwies, meiserem
sayvarel Suamavals sTxova, waval da meqqaSi samaxaroblo
ambavs Sevatyobinebo. Suamavalma muhammedma mas neba misca.
meisere qaravans gamoeyo da aCqarebuli nabijiT meqqasaken
mimaval gzas gaudga.
qalbatoni nefise binTi muneiie mogviTxrobs: `rodesac
qaravnis ukan dabrunebis dro moaxlovda, qalbatoni xatije, mxevlebTan erTad, saxlis saxuravze avidoda da im
gzas gahyurebda, saidanac qaravani unda gamoCeniliyo. erT
dRes, mec masTan viyavi, uceb Sors, aqlemze Semjdari, viRac gamoCnda. mas Tavs zemoT Rrublis naWeri dahyveboda.
Suamavali muhammedis Sublze sxivi mTvaresaviT anaTebda.
qalbatoni xatije maSinve mixvda, vinc modioda da gulze
moeSva. magram ise moiqca TiTqos ver gaigo da Tqva: `netav
am sicxeSi vin unda modiodes~, Cven ki vuTxariT, es muhammeds hgavs-Tqo, radgan misi danaxviT gancvifrebulni davrCiT. cota xnis Semdeg meiseri qalbaton xatijes saxlTan
movida da muhammedis dabrunebis Sesaxeb acnoba. am ambavma
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51
o
sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
xatije Zalian gaaxara.
cota xnis Semdeg qaravani meqqaSi Sevida. meiserem qalbaton xatijes dawvrilebiT uambo rac naxa da gadaxda. mouyva, rogor dayveboda Rrubeli da ifaravda sicxisgan muhammeds. rogor aaCqara davrdomili aqlemebi erTi xelis
gadasmiT. rogor Sexvdnen ber nasturas da ra mouTxro man.
meiserem isic uambo xatijes, Tu ra Rirseulad da patiosnad iqceoda muhammedi. es yvelaferi icoda qalbatonma xatijem, magram am sityvebma kidev ufro daarwmuna muhammedis
sidiadeSi. qalbatonma xatijem meiseri gaafrTxila: ,,rac
naxe, aravis uambo.’’
meiseris naambobi qalbatonma xatijem Tavis biZaSvil,
varaya bin nevfels mouyva. varayam mas didi gaocebiT mousmina da uTxra: `xatije, rasac ambob es yvelaferi Tu simarTlea, muhammedi am xalxis Suamavali gaxdeba~.
Suamavali muhammedi Tormeti wlis asakSi biZamis ebu talibTan erTad, savaWrod busraSi iyo, Cvidmeti wlis asakSi
biZa zubeirs iemenSi gahyva, oci wlis asakSi damaskoSi eaxla,
xolo ocdaxuTi wlis asakSi ki qalbaton xatijes saqoneli
damaskoSi waiRo gasayidad. ase man, zustad, oTxjer imogzaura. garda am mogzaurobebisa, is sxvagan arsad wasula.
qorwineba wminda xatijesTan
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roca qalbatonma xatijem wminda muhammedis Sesaxeb varaya bin nevfelis naTqvami moismina, misiT ufro aRfrTovanda
da moisurva colad gayoloda. am saqmis mogvareba nefise
binTi muniiem gadawyvita. igi muhammedTan mivida da uTxra: `muhammed! Tqveno aRmatebulebav, ra aris mizezi, rom
ar qorwindebiT?~ Suamavalma upasuxa: `dasaqorwineblad
sakmarisi fuli ar gamaCnia~. Semdeg nefisem uTxra: `Tu namusian, Rirseul, qonebisa da silamazis mqone qalbatonTan
daqorwinebas isurvebT, Tqvens samsaxurSi miguleT~. rodesac Suamavalma ikiTxa: `vin aris eg qalbatoni?~ nefisem
axalgazrdoba da qorwineba
o
upasuxa: `xatije binTi huveilidia~ Suamavalma kvlav ikiTxa:
`vin SeZlebs am saqmis mogvarebas?~ `me SevZleb~ _ Sehpirda
qali. Semdeg xatijesTan mivida da axara, muhammedi Tanaxmaao. wminda xatijem Tavis naTesav amir bin eseds da varaya
bin nevfelis gaagebina es ambavi. xatijem da misma naTesavebma muhammedi stumrad miiwvies. daTqmul dros ebu talibi,
misi Zmebi da muhammedi xatijes ewvivnen. stumrebis mosvlamde qalbatonma xatijem saxli sagangebod moawesriga.
kmayofilma da bednierma mxevlebs samkaulebi aCuqa da Tavisufleba uboZa. muhammedi biZebTan erTad xatijes saxlSi
mibrZanda. ebu talibma brZana: `madloba udides gamCens,
rom Cven wminda ibrahimis Svilebidan da ismail Suamavlis
modgmidan mogvavlina. Cven allahis saxlis (beiTullahis)
damcvelebad gagvaCina (adamianebis yible, qaabes gars SemomvlelTa wminda Senoba). Cemi ZmisSvili muhammedi iseTi
vinmea, rom misi yuriSebze Sedareba SeuZlebelia. marTalia,
naklebad mdidaria, magram simdidres pativs ar scems. radgan simdidre Crdilis msgavsia, xelidan xelSi gadasvliT
wava, daikargeba. Cemi ZmisSvilis Rirseba da upiratesoba
yvela TqvenganisTvis cnobilia. Cven gvinda xatije binTi
huveilidi SevrToT mas colad. Tan gvinda gavigoT, Cveni simdidridan ra raodenobis mihrs isurvebdiT?~ varayam
upasuxa: ,,muhammedis Rirseba yvela simdidreze maRla dgas
da esaa mTavari~. xatijes biZam, amir bin esedma daamata: `me
Tanaxma var xatije muhammedis meuRle gaxdes~. gadawyda;
muhammedi da xatije SeuRlebuliyvnen. mihris raodenoba
-gadmocemebis mixedviT, 400 oqroTi anu 500 dirhemiT ganisazRvra, sxva gadmocemis Tanaxmad ki mihris raodenoba 20
aqlemi iyo. daqorwinebisas muhammed Suamavali ocdaxuTi
wlis iyo, xolo Zvirfasi xatije ki ormoci wlisa.
ebu talibma saqorwilo sufrisTvis aqlemi dakla da meqorwileebs araCveulebrivad gaumaspinZlda.
qalbatonma xatijem mTeli Tavisi simdidre da qoneba muhammeds aCuqa da uTxra: ,,dReidan es simdidre Sen gekuTv-
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o
sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
nis. mec sicocxlis bolomde Seni erTguli viqnebi. mxarSi
amogidgebi da yvelaferSi dagexmarebi~.
qorwinebis Semdeg wminda xatijem mTeli Tavisi darCenili
cxovreba Suamaval muhammedis gverdiT gaatara. isini ocdaxuTi weli cxovrobdnen erTad. xatije Rirseuli meuRle
iyo da yovelTvis mxarSi edga Suamavals. aqedan TxuTmeti
weli Cveulebrivi cxovrebiT cxovrobdnen, aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi ki, roca muhammeds Suamavloba ecnoba. sanam piveli coli wminda xatije cocxali iyo, Suamaval muhammeds
sxva aravisze uqorwinia. misgan ori vaJi da oTxi qaliSvili
SeeZina: yasimi, zeinebi, ruqie, ummu, gulsumi, fatima da abdullahi. Suamavlobis dros, Zvirfasi xatijes gardacvalebis Semdeg, mariasTan iqorwina da misgan kidev erTi vaJi,
ibrahimi SeeZina. sxva colebisgan Svili ar hyolia. zeinebi
ufrosi, xolo fatima yvelaze umcrosi iyo. fatima mamis
yvelaze sayvareli Svili iyo da is hijreTamde cameti wliT
adre daibada. vaJebi mcirewlovanni gardaicvalnen. fatimas
garda, Suamavals yvela Svili sicocxleSive gardaecvala.
wminda fatima ki Suamavlis gardacvalebidan eqvsi Tvis Semdeg miicvala. is Zvirfas alize iyo gaTxovili. muhammedis
STamomavlebi wminda fatimas da alis memkvidreebi iyvnen.
ukeTilSobilesi Suamavali, wminda xatijesTan qorwinebis
Semdegac, vaWrobiT iyo dakavebuli. mogebul fuls ki yovelgvar sasikeTo saqmes axmarda.
zeid bin harise
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54
zeid bin harise bavSobisas, dedasTan-sudasTan erTad naTesavebis mosanaxuleblad wavida. am dros erT-erTi tomi
maT Tavs daesxa da zeidi tyved Cavarda. igi meqqaSi `suyi
uyazis~ bazrobaze gasayidad gamoiyvanes. aq zeidi wminda
xatijes ZmisSvilma, haqim bin hizamma 400 dirhemad iyida da
mamidas aCuqa. xatijem biWi muhammeds dauTmo. Suamavalma
ki is maSinve gaaTavisufla monobisgan da TavisTan daitova.
axalgazrdoba da qorwineba
o
radgan gaTavisuflebul zeids wasasvleli arsad hqonda da
Tanac Suamavalze ukeTes patronobas veravin gauwevda, masTan siamovnebiT darCa.
zeid bin harisem patronis yvela dadebiTi Tviseba gadaiRo. is muhammeds ase axasiaTebs: `is samarTliani, kacTmoyvare, didsulovani, xelgaSlili, mowyale, uRalato, qvelmoqmedi da sando adamiani iyo. CagrulTa, davrdomilTa,
RaribTa damcveli da bavSvebis mosiyvarule, Tavaziani,
TavSekavebuli, moridebuli, Wkviani mmarTveli, gambedaobisa da vaJkacobis, xiluli Tu uxilavi, yovelgvari kargi
zneobis gansamtkiceblad movlenili, gaCenilTagan upiratesi, man yvelas ndoba moipova, razedac zedsaxelad “el
emin” Searqves~. zeid bin harisem muhammedi mamasaviT Seiyvara da sul masTan erTad undoda yofna.
harises ded-mamam Svilis adgilsamyofeli ar icoda. mama
Svilis dakargvas Zalian ganicdida. is zeids yvelgan eZebda.
iemenidan sxva qalaqSi mimaval naTesavebsa da nacnobebs
Txovda, rom zeidis ambavi ekiTxaT. is Svilis dakargviT gamowveul sevdas leqsebis weriT iqarvebda.
bolos, beni qelbis tomidan qaabes mosanaxuleblad mosulma kacma zeidi dainaxa da icno. zeidma mas ase mimarTa:
,,vici, rom mSoblebi CemTvis bevrs itireben. maT es leqsi
waukiTxeT~: (aq leqsi unda iTargmnos)
harisem Svilis ambavi rom gaigo, Zalian gauxarda. fuli
iSova da ZmasTan erTad meqqaSi gaemgzavra. meqqaSi misulma Suamavlis saxli ikiTxa da ojaxSi ewvia. `yuraiS xalxTa
batono! abdulmuttalibis SviliSvilo! beni haSimis STamomavalo! _ mimarTa harisem muhammeds _ Tqven haremi Serifis
mezoblad imyofebiT. stumrebs umaspinZldebiT, tyveebs keTilad epyrobiT, monobisagan aTavisuflebT. Tqven monobaSi
myofi, Cemi Svilis gamosaxsnelad ra Tanxasac damisaxelebT,
imdens gadavixdi, oRond uars nu metyviT~. muhammedma uTxra: `davuZaxoT zeids, viTareba avuxsnaT da gavaTavisufloT.
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Tu is TqveTan wamosvlas irCevs, yovelgvari fulis gareSe SegiZliaT waiyvanoT. magram ,Tuki CemTan darCenas moisurvebs,
allahs vficav, mas aravis davuTmob, CemTan iqneba~.
harissa da mis Zmas muhammed Suamavlis pasuxi Zalian moewonaT da mimarTes: `Sen Zalian samarTlianad da humanurad
gveqcevi”.
Semdeg Suamavalma muhammedma zeidi TavisTan daibara
da hkiTxa: `icnob amaT?~ `diax, vicnob, mamaCemi da biZaCemi
arian~ _ upasuxa zeidma. Suamavalma zeids uTxra: `Sen me
ukve gamicani, Sens mimarT Cemi gulisxmiereba, mowyaleba da
damokidebuleba dainaxe. eseni Sens wasayvanad arian mosuli.
gadawyvite, CemTan darCebi, Tu maT gayvebi~.
mamas da biZias egonaT, rom zeidi maT gayveboda, magram
man muhammedTan darCena amjobina.
isini gakvirvebuli da gaognebuli Sehyurebdnen zeids.
bolos gabrazebulma da ganawyenebulma mamam Svils uTxra: ,,nuTu ded-mamas, naTesavebsa da Tavisuflebas monobaSi yofna girCevnia?’’ zeidma mamas miugo: ,,mama, me sulac
ar vgrZnob Tavs monad. Sen warmodgenac ara gaqvs, rogori
Rirseuli pirovnebaa es kaci. me mas verasodes mivatoveb~.
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Suamavals zeidi Zalian uyvarda. is wminda qaabeSi hijreze waiyvana da iq myofT mimarTa: `icodeT, rom zeidi Cemi
Svilobilia, is Cemi memkvidrea, me mas Zalian vafaseb~ rodesac zeidis mamam da biZam naxes, rogor eqceoda muhammedi
biWs, sibrazem gadauaraT da gaxarebuli da damSvidebuli
dabrundnen samSobloSi. sahabeebi zeids, zeid bin muhammeds (muhammedis Svili zeidi) eZaxdnen. amis Semdeg uzenaesma allahma sura azhabis mexuTe da meormoce aiaTebSi ase
brZana: `Svilebs mamis saxeliT dauZaxeT, allahis winaSe es
ufro sworia. muhammedi ki arcerTi Tqvenganis (zeidis msgavsad) mama ar gaxlavT~. am brZanebiT, Svilad ayvanis akrZalvis
Semdeg, zeids mamis saxeliT (zeid bin harise) mimarTes.
axalgazrdoba da qorwineba
o
msajuloba qaabaSi
Suamavalma muhammedma ocdaTxuTmeti wlis asakSi, qaabaSi
msajuloba ikisra.. maSin wvimebsa da wyaldidobebs qaabas
kedlebi sakmaod gamoefita. garda amisa, gaCenil xanZars qaaba ganadgurebis piras mieyvana. saWiro gaxda Senobis axlad
gakeTeba. yuraiSebma qaaba ibrahim Suamavlis mier Cayril
saZirkvelamde daangries da salocavis axlad Senebas Seudgnen. mSeneblobis dros yvelaze mTavari ram Savi qvis - (hajerul esvedis) Tavis adgilze moTaseba iyo. yuraiSebi ver
SeTanxmdnen, romel maTgans rgeboda es pativi. Aamis gamo,
maT didi uTanxmoeba mouvidaT. abduddariSvilebma daifices, rom Tu am saqmes Cvens garda vinme xels mohkidebs, sisxls davRvriTo. es gaugebroba ramdenime dRes gagrZelda.
saqme Setakebamde unda misuliyo.
amasobaSi abulmuttalibis biZam da erTma moxucma, vinme
huzeife bin muRirem Tqves: ,,yuraiSo xalxo! saqme mSvidobianad movagvaroT. vinc karebidan pirveli Semova, is iyos
Tqveni msajuli~, da beni Seibes karebisken miuTiTes. yvela
daeTanxma da daiwyes lodini, vin iqneboda is, vinc am saqmes
aseT kritikul momentSi moagvarebda. bolos, rogorc iqna,
karebSi samarTlianobiTa da maRali zneobiT gamorCeuli
el emini anu, yvelasaTvis sando adamiani-muhammedi (allahi
iyos misi mfarveli.) Semovida. `ai, yovlad Rirseuli adamiani yvela mis gadawyvetilebas daveTanxmebiT~ _ wamoiZaxes
erTxmad.
rodesac muhammeds viTareba gaacnes, man moiTxova qsovilis motana moiTxova. qsovili miwaze gaSala da hajerul
esvedi (Savi qva) qsovilze gadaitana. yvela tomidan TiTo
kacma mokidos qsovils xelio, brZana. Semdeg, qva sadac unda
daedoT, iq miatanina, aiRo da TviTon dado Tavis adgilze.
amiT modaveebs sisxlisRvra Tavidan aacila. gadawyvetilebiT yvela kmayofili darCa da muSaoba gaagrZeles.
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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Suamavlobis misia da
islamisken moxmoba
roca muhammedi ocdaCvidmeti wlis gaxda, uxilavi xmebi esmoda: `hei muhammed~ xolo, roca ocdaTvrameti wlis
Sesrulda, sibneleSi sxivebs xedavda. muhammedi am xilvebis
Sesaxeb, mxolod, Tavis meuRles xatijes uyveboda. misi (allahi dalocavs da miesalmeba mas) misiismoaxloebamde cota
dro rom darCa, im drois cnobili mwerali qus bin saide
uqazi bazrobaze, aqlemze Semjdari, uamravi xalxis winaSe sityviT gamovida da iq myofT Suamavlis mobrZanebis
sasixarulo ambavi auwya. sayvareli muhammedic msmenelTa
Soris imyofeboda. qus bin saidma Tavisi cnobili gamosvlis erT nawilSi ase warmoTqva: `adamianebo! mobrZandiT,
moismineT, daelodeT, magaliTi aiReT! cocxali mokvdeba,
mkvdari ki gaixrwneba, mosaxdeni moxdeba! yuri migdeT, kargad mismineT, zecaSi saocari ambavi xdeba. allahis winaSe
mxolod erTi rwmena da momavali Suamavalia. mis mosvlamde
Zalian cota dro darCa. dalocvilia is, vinc mas mousmens
da daujerebs. vai, im ubedurebs, vinc mis winaaRmdge wava da
aujanydeba. sircxvili maT, vinc sicocxle daudevrobiTa
da urwmunoebiT ganvlos!~...
roca Suamavals Tavisi misiis Sesruleba unda daewyo,
arabeTSi xalxi RvTiur kanonebs sruliad aRar emorCileboda. isini mdidrebad da Raribebad; sustebad da Zlierebad; batonebad da monebad iyvnen dayofilni. monebs sastikad eqceodnen da Cagravdnen. sustebis qonebas ZaliT
iTvisebdnen. Uubralo xalxis uflebebs aravin icavda. rwmenamoklebuli xalxi yovelgvar uRirs saqciels Cadioda.
adamianis Rirseba da namusi fexqveS iyo gaTelili. azartuli TamaSebi, loToba da garToba aravisTvis ucxo ar
iyo. urTierTSuRli, mkvlelobebi da aTasnairi boroteba
Cveulebriv movlenad iTvleboda. adamianebi umecrebis mo-
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revSi ixrCobodnen. gansakuTrebiT mZime mdgomareobaSi qalebi iyvnen. maT aranairi uflebebi gaaCndaT. maT, rogorc
nivTs, ise hyiddnen. qaliSvilebs cocxlad marxavdnen.
wminda adamidan moyolebuli, arsad ar yofila amgvari
urwmunoba, veluroba, TavaSvebuloba, amoraluroba da
usamarTloba. umecrebaSi myof xalxs, sulieri simSvidis
mosapoveblad, mxsneli esaWiroeboda. mxsneli, romelic gamCenis nebiT moevlineboda qveyanas. is Cveulebrivi kaciviT
icxovrebda. adamianebs swamdaT, rom roca mxsneli daibadeboda, urwmunoebis nacvlad rwmena, despotizmis nacvlad
samarTali, umecrebis nacvlad codna daikavebda adgils da
adamianebi maradiul bednierebas eweodnen.
muhammedi ukve sizmrebsac xedavda. wminda hadisi, zeSTagonebis (vahiis) dasawyisad sizmrebs asaxelebs. rasac sizmrad naxavda, cxadSi zustad auxdeboda xolme. ase eqvsi Tve
gagrZelda. rodesac zeSTagonebis mosvla moaxlovda, xmebi, romelic esmoda, ufro gaxSirda. muhammedi cdilobda,
xSirad darCeniliyo marto. is hiras gamoqvabulSi ganmartovdeboda da fiqrs miecemoda. gamoqvabulidan meqqaSi mividoda, qaabas gars Semovlis rituals gaakeTebda da saxlSi
wavidoda. saxlSi cota xans darCeboda, saWmels waiRebda da
isev gamoqvabulSi brundeboda. iq didxans atarebda dros
fiqrsa da locvaSi. zogjer gamoqvabulSi ramdenime dRes
rCeboda. aseT dros wminda xatije an TviTon miutanda saWmels, an vinmes xeliT gaugzavnida.
pirveli zeSTagoneba (vahii)
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ormoci wlis muhammedi, ramazanis TveSi, yoveldRe midioda hiras mTaze, gamoqvabulSi da fiqrebs miecemoda.
ramazanis Tvis me-17 Rames, orSabaTs, roca SuaRame iyo gadasuli, ZilSi xma Caesma, TiTqos viRac eZaxda. Tavi wamowia, irgvliv mimoixeda, magram veravin dainaxa. Zaxili isev
moesma da dainaxa, rogor gabrwyinda irgvliv yvelaferi.
Suamavlobis misia da islamisken moxmoba
o
Semdeg angelozi jebraili gamoecxada da uTxra: `waikiTxe!~ Suamavalma upasuxa: `me kiTxva ar vici!~ maSin angelozma
xelebi Zlierad SemouWira sxeulze da ubrZana: `waikiTxe!~ muhammedma isev iuara. mesamejerac igive ganmeorda.
angelozma muhammeds xeli gauSva da uTxra: `muhammed! waikiTxe Seni gamCeni RmerTis saxeliT, man adamiani Sededebuli
sisxlisgan gaaCina. waikiTxe, Seni gamCeni yvelaze guluxvia.
man aswavla kalmiT, aswavla adamians is, rac ar icoda.~ muhammedma wakiTxva scada. misda gasakvirad, kiTxva SeZlo. pirvelad angelozma mas `Releyis suras~ pirveli xuTi aieTi
aswavla. Semdeg es xuTi aieTi muhammed Suamavalma jebrail
angelozTan erTad ikiTxa. es iyo pirveli zeSTagoneba, romelic allahisagan mouvida... im dRidan samyarom islamis
mziT ganaTeba daiwyo.
allahis Suamavali muhammedi, aRelvebuli da gaognebuli
gamovida hiras gamoqvabulidan da mTidan daeSva. gzaSi isev
moesma angelozis xma: - ,,ei, muhammed! Sen uzenaesi allahis
Suamavali xar, me ki angelozi jebraili var”. Semdeg jebrailma miwas qusli dahkra, iqidan wyali amovida da man
ritualuri ganbanva (abdesis aReba) daiwyo. Suamavali muhammedi didi yuradRebiT akvirdeboda angelozs. roca is
ritualur ganwmendas (abdesis aRebas) morCa, muhammeds miubrunda da uTxra, rom isic ase moqceuliyo. roca Suamavalmac Seasrula es rituali, angelozma uwinamZRvra muhammeds
da maT iloces. bolos angelozma Suamavals uTxra: `muhammed! alahma salami SemogiTvala da brZana, rom Sen mis mier
gaCenili yvela sulierisa da adamianebis Suamavali xar. maS
ase, mouwode Sen maT iwamon erTi RmerTi!’’ ase moxda muhammedisa da angeloz jebrailis pirveli Sexvedra.
hiras mTidan saxlSi mimaval muhammeds usulo sagnebic
ase esalmebodnen: `salami Senda, allahis Suamavalo!~ (`esselamu aleiqum ia resulullah~). _ roca saxlSi mivida, aTrTolebulma xatijes Txova, rame momaxureo. SeSfoTebulma
meuRlem maSinve moutana mosasxami da Semoaxvia. roca dais-
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vena da TrTolvam gadauara, muhammedi mouyva xatijes, rac
naxa da gadaxda. `angelozi jebraili iseTi sanaxavi iyo, rom
Tavzari dameca. SevSindi, aseT yofaSi rom vinmem mnaxos, giJi
ar vegono meTqi~. wminda xatije am dReebis dadgomas eloda.
is mzad iyo mxarSi amodgomoda da daxmareboda muhammeds.
`uzenaesma allahma dagifaros, man Sen sikeTe giboZa da
arafers gisurvebs sxvas, garda sikeTisa. misi didebisaTvis,
mjera, rom Sen am xalxis Suamavali gaxdebi. vinaidan Sen
giyvars stumari. simarTlis mTqmeli da sando xar. Raribebs exmarebi, mfarvelob oblebsa da uTvistomoebs. kargi
zneobisa xar da aseTi lamazi Tvisebebis mqones, ar unda
geSinodes~.
am SemTxvevis asaxsnelad muhammedi da xatije varaya
bin nevfelTan wavidnen. varayam, roca yvelaferi moismina, Suamavals aRfrTovanebulma mimarTa: ,,gilocav muhammed, vficav allahs, rom Sen bolo Suamavali xar, romlis
Sesaxebac, isa Suamavalma gvamcno, Sen rom gamogecxada, is
jebrailia. is Senamde musa Suamavals gamoecxada. netavi
axalgazrda viyo da roca Sen
meqqadan gagdevnian, Sen
dasaxmareblad movide-Semdeg daamata-Zalian mokle xanSi
adamianebze Suamavlobisa da jihadis brZaneba geuwyeba~, da mowiwebiT emTxvia xelze. am Sexvedris Semdeg varaya male
gardaicvala.
brZaneba mowodebisken
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aseTi iyo Suamavlobis mauwyebeli pirveli zeSTagoneba.
Semdeg, sami wlis ganmavlobaSi raime mniSvnelovani aRar
momxdara. am SualedSi masTan angelozi israfili (allahi
dalocavs mas) mivida da zogierTi ram aswavla, magram es ar
iyo zeSTagoneba. Suamavali am periodSi Zalian gandegili
da miukarebeli gaxda. roca Suamavali damwuxrdeboda mas,
angelozi jebraili gamoecxadeboda da etyoda: `ei, allahis
sayvarelo adamiano! Sen misi Suamavali xar~ da ase amSvideb-
Suamavlobis misia da islamisken moxmoba
o
da mas. wminda muhammedi mogviTxrobs: `zeSTagonebis Sewyvetis periodi iyo, roca hiras mTidan dablobisken movdiodi,
moulodnelad zecidan xma momesma. roca zecas aRvapyari Tvali, angelozi jebraili davinaxe. is mTlianad faravda cas. me
SevSindi. akankalebuli maSinve saxlSi davbrundi da viTxove
rame damafareT-meTqi. am dros uzenaesma allahma zeSTagoneba momivlina. es iyo sura muddesiris pirveli aiaTebi da
amis Semdeg zeSTagonebis movlena aRar Sewyvetila. es is
aiaTebia, romlebSic allahi brZanebs: `ei, safaraviT daburulo Suamavalo! xalxi allahis sasjeliT SeaSine, vinc ar
dagijerebs, acnobe, rom aucileblad daisjebian. adide Seni
gamCeni da samoseli sufTad gqondes~.
amis Semdeg qveynierebis sapatio Suamavalma daiwyo Tavisi
misiis ganxorcieleba da adamianebs islamis rjulisken mouxmo. angelozi jebraili Suamavals zogjer xorcSesxmuli
adamianis formiT ecxadeboda da ise STaagonebda, zogjer
sizmarSi gamoecxadeboda, zogjer guliT agrZnobinebda, an
kidev – Tavzardamcemi guguniT, romelic zeSTagonebis miRebis yvelaze Zneli forma iyo. am dros sayvarel Suamavals simwris ofli Camodioda saxeze. rodesac zeSTagoneba moevlineboda, iseT simZimes grZnobda, aqlemzec rom
mjdariyo, isic CaiCoqebda. masTan axlos myofi megobrebic
grZnobdnen zeSTagonebis simZimes. angelozi jebraili ramdenjerme gamoecxada muhammeds adamianis saxiT.
uzenaesi allahi Suamaval muhammeds mirajis (Suamavali
muhammedis cad amaRleba) Rames angelozis gareSe, Ria fardis win, uSualod gamoecxada da auwya zegardmovlena.
pirveli zegardmovlenis Semdeg daiwyo islamis valdebulebis Sesruleba wminda muhammed Suamavalma. am wmida movaleobas is 23 weli asrulebda. aqedan 13 weli meqqaSi, xolo
10 weli ki medinaSi gaatara.
wminda yurani zegardmovlena 22 wels, 2 Tvesa da 22 dRes
gagrZelda.
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wminda muhammedi uswvleli iyo. misTvis wera _kiTxva aravis uswavlebia. is meqqaSi daibada da gaizarda, Rirseuli da
gamorCeuli xalxis gverdiT. amitom mas sakmao warmodgena
hqonda Torasa da bibliaze. hijreTis meeqvse wels, islamis
gacnobis mizniT, muhammed Suamavalma romis, iranis, eTiopiisa da sxva arabuli qveynebis xelmwifeebs werilobiTi
Setyobinebebi gaugzavna. masTan sxvadasxva saxelmwifodan
samocze meti elCi Cavida. amis Sesaxeb wminda yurani gvamcnobs: `Sen, sanam yurani qerimi mogevlineboda, wigni ar wagikiTxia da marjvena xeliT ar dagiweria, radgan Sen rom werakiTxva gcodnoda, sxvebisgan iswavlao, ityodnen~.1
wminda hadisSi ki nabrZanebia: `me wera kiTxvis ucodinari
Suamavali var,… Cem Semdeg sxva Suamavali aRar iqneba. imave
yuraniT vigebT: ,,is (muhammedi, allahi dalocavs da miesalmeba mas) damoukideblad ar laparakobs, misi sityvebi zeSTagonebiT aris nakarnaxevi~.2
pirveli muslimanebi
pirveli, vinc vahis (zeSTagoneba) gardmovlenis Semdeg,
islami iwama, Suamavalis meuRle wminda xatije iyo. man
uyoymanod miiRo islamis yvela piroba. Suamavalma muhammedma _ rogorc angelozma jebrailma aswavla _ ritualuri ganwmenda (abdesis aReba) gaakeTebina xatijes da maT erTad ori muxli namazi iloces. Zvirfasma xatijem sayvareli
Suamavlis yvela miTiTeba unaklod Seasrula. amiT, uzenaesi allahis mowoneba daimsaxura. xatije yovelTvis mxarSi
edga da amxnevebda muhammeds. roca romelime ugunuri uaryofda islams, an dascinoda muhammeds, xatije mas anugeSebda da Txovda, aseTi xalxisaTvis yuradReba ar mieqcia.
is eubneboda: `ar iwyino, nu wuxxar. bolos Cveni rjuli gaZlierdeba da mtrebi ganadgurdebian. xalxi Sen dagijerebs~.
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1. sura anqebuT: 48.
2. sura nejmi; 3-4.
Suamavlobis misia da islamisken moxmoba
o
wminda xatijem, aseTi qmedebiT, allahi moimadliera. erT
dRes muhammed Suamavals angelozi jebraili gamoecxada da
uTxra: `allahis Suamavalo, wminda xatijes acnobe, rom allahma salami SeuTvala~. Suamavalma wminda xatijes allahis
salami gadasca.
wminda xatijes Semdeg, pirveli muslimani Suamavlis yvelaze axlo megobari ebu beqiria. ebu beqirma gamuslimanebamde oci wliT adre sizmari naxa: `zecidan savse mTvare
daeSva, wminda qaabas daadga, Semdeg nawil _ nawil daiSala.
daSlili nawilebi mTel meqqas moedo. Semdeg es nawilebi
isev erTad Seikra da cad amaRlda. mxolod erTi nawili,
romelic ebu beqiris saxls daeca, cad ar amaRlebula~.
wminda ebu beqirma es rom naxa, saxlis kari daxura, mTvaris
nawili aqedan ar wavideso.
ebu beqirs aRelvebuls gamouRviZia. gaTenda Tu ara,
maSinve iudevel swavlulTan gaqceula da sizmari mouyolia. swavluls uTqvams, abda _ ubda sizmaria, axsna ara
aqvso. magram ebu beqiri ar dakmayofilda iudevelis sityvebiT. erTxel, roca savaWrod iyo wasuli, mgzavrobisas
beri bahiras saxlTan mouxda gavla. Tavisi sizmari bahiras
mouyva. bahiram vinaoba hkiTxa. rodesac ebu beqirma miugo yuraiSi varo, bahiram ganumarta: `iq, saidanac Sen xar,
Suamavali moevlineba samyaros, WeSmaritebis sxivi mTel meqqas gaanaTebs. Sen, mis sicocxleSi Suamavlis veziri, xolo
gardacvalebis Semdeg ki, xalifa gaxdebi~. ebu beqiri bahiras mier sizmris axsnam Zalian gaaoca. mas es sizmari
aravisTvis mouyolia.
roca wminda muhamedma Tavisi misiis Sesaxeb gamoacxada,
ebu beqiri maSinve masTan gaiqca da hkiTxa: `yvela Suamavals
Tavisi misiis damadasturebeli mtkicebuleba hqonda, Sen
ra mtkicebuleba gagaCnia?~ wminda Suamavalma ase upasuxa:
`Cemi Suamavalobis mtkicebuleba is sizmaria, romlis axsnac
erTi iudeveli swavlulisgan iTxove~. man ki gipasuxa: `areu-
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li sizmaria, axsna ara aqvso, berma bahiram ki sworad agixna.
axla me allahisa da misiSuamavlisken gixmob.~
ebu beqirma Suamavals ase mimarTa: `mowme var, rom Sen
allahis Suamavali xar, Seni Suamavloba WeSmariti da qveynierebis naTeli sxivia, me mzad var gavxde muslimani da
vemsaxuro allahs~.
arsebobs kidev erTi aseTi gadmocema. zeSTagonebamde muhammedi da ebu beqiri savaWrod iemenSi wasulan. am
dros iemenSi mcxovreb, iezidis tomidan, erT-erT swavlul moxucs Sexvedrian. moxucs Zvirfas ebu beqirisTvis
uTqvams:`rogorc vxedav, Sen meqqeli unda iyoo~. ebu beqirma daudastura. maT saubari gaagrZeles:
_ Sen yureiSidan xar?
_ diax!
_ beni Temmimis xalxidan xar?
_ diax!
_ erTi niSani kidev darCa.
_ ra aris eg niSani?
_ muceli maCvene, naxva minda.
_ miTxariT ra gainteresebT?
_ wignebSi wavikiTxe, rom meqqaSi Suamavali moevlineba samyaros, mas ori pirovneba daexmareba _ erTi moxuci, xolo
meore axalgazrda. axalgazrda uamravi dabrkolebis gadalaxvaSi daexmareba da gasaWirSi yovelTvis mis gverdiT iqneba. moxucs TeTri saxis kani, wminda weli da mucelze
Savi xali eqneba. vgoneb, es pirovneba Sen unda iyo. muceli
maCvene, xali minda vnaxo.~.
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roca ebu beqirma muceli aCvena, moxucma SesZaxa: `allahs
vficavar, is pirovneba Sen xar”. Semdeg ebu beqirs bevri
Suamavlobis misia da islamisken moxmoba
o
darigeba misca.
roca savaWrod wasuli ebu beqiri meqqaSi dabrunda mas
uqbe bin ebi muaiTi, Seibe, ebu jehili, ebul buhTeri da
sxva yureiSis avtoritetuli pirovnebebi ewvivnen. ebu beqirs gaukvirda aseTi xalxis stumroba da mizezi ikiTxa.
stumrebma uTxres: `ebu talibis Svili ambobs, rom is Suamavalia. gveubneba _ Tqven, Tqveni ded-mama da winaprebi cru
rwmenis gzaze xarTo. Seni ridiT, mas araferi vuTxariT, Torem cocxals ar davtovebdiT. radgan is Seni megobaria, Sen
mixede~.
Zvirfasma ebu beqirma isini daamSvida da gaacila. Semdeg
gaigo, rom wminda Suamavali Zvirfasi xatijes saxlSi imyofeboda. ebu beqiri mivida xatijes saxlTan da karebze daakakuna. kari Suamavalma gaaRo. ebu beqirma pirdapir hkiTxa
muhammeds: `muhammed, ra xdeba, Sen Sesaxeb ras laparakobs
xalxi?~ Suamavalma miugo: `me uzenaesi allahis Suamavali
var, SenTvis da sruliad adamis modgmisTvis var movlenili,
iwame Senc, raTa allahi moimadliero da suli jojoxeTisgan
gadairCino~. Zvirfasma ebu beqirma hkiTxa: `riTi daamtkiceb
amas?~ `mtkicebuleba is aris, rasac iemeneli moxuci mogiyva.~ _ upasuxa Suamavalma.
Zvirfasma ebu beqirma uTxra: `me iemenSi Zalian bevri
moxuci da axalgazrda vnaxe~. Suamavalma upasuxa: `im moxucs
vgulsxmob, romelmac CemTan Tormeti ortaepaini leqsi
gamogatana~ da leqsi Tavidan bolomde zepirad uTxra.
gaocebulma ebu beqirma hkiTxa: `eg Sen vin giTxra?~ _ `angelozma macnoba, romelic Cemamde sxva yvela Suamavals ecxadeboda~. am sityvebis mosmenis Semdeg, ebu beqirma daiCoqa,
muhammedis xels mowiwebiT emTxvia da STagonebiT warmoTqva: `eShedu en la ilahe illallah, ve eShedu enne muhammeden abduhu ve resulullah~ (ar arsebobs sxva RmerTi, garda allahisa da muhammedi aris misi mociquli). da maSinve
iwama alahi.
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o
sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
ebu beqiri ase gaxarebuli Tavis sicocxleSi ar yofila.
igi kmayofili dabrunda saxlSi. am faqtis Sesaxeb, wminda hadisSi, muhammedi ase mogviTxrobs: `visac allahis rwmenisken movuwodebdi, yvela saxes moRuSavda da eWviT Semomxedavda. ebu beqirma ki islami yoymanisa da meryeobis
gareSe, didi sixaruliT miiRo.~
erT dRes, roca wminda muhammed Suamavali meuRlesTan
erTad namazs loculobda, wminda alim dainaxa da rodesac
locvas morCnen, maT hkiTxa: `ras akeTebT, es ra aris?~ sayvarelma Suamavalma miugo: `es allahis rwmenaa. allahis
garda sxva RmerTi ar arsebobs, da Senc, allahis rwmenisken mogiwodeb~. wminda ali maSin Tormeti wlis iyo. bavSvs
gadawyvetilebis miReba damoukideblad ar SeeZlo da mSoblebs vkiTxavo, uTxra Suamavals. Suamavalma Txova: `Tu allahs ar iwameb, maSin am saidumloebis Sesaxeb aravis uTxra”. meore dRes, diliT, ali mivida SuamavalTan da Txova
eswavlebina wesebi. amis Semdeg man islami miiRo. wminda ali
rigiT mesame iyo, vinc muslimanoba miiRo. amis Semdeg, wminda ali, allahis Suamavlis erTguli pirovneba gaxda da yovelTvis mxarSi edga muhammeds.
zeid bin harise meoTxe adamiani iyo, vinc muslimanoba miiRo. masTan erTad misma meuRlemac iwama islami.
gamuslimanebis Semdeg, wminda ebu beqiri Tavis yvelaze
axlo da sayvarel megobrebs mouwodebda islami mieRoT. man
SeZlo bevri maTganis darwmuneba. eseni eshabi qiramis tomis
warCinebulebulTagan yvelaze gamorCeuli da avtoritetuli pirebi iyvnen: osman bin affan, talha bin ubeidullah,
zubeir bin avvam, abdurrahman bin avf, sad bin ebi vayyasi.
wminda xatijes gamuslimanebis Semdeg, zemoT CamoTvlili
rva pirovneba iyvnen pirvelebi, romlebic gamuslimandnen.
maT `sabiyuni islam~ anu pirveli muslimanebi ewodaT.
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wminda osmani Tavisi gamuslimanebis Sesaxeb ase gviambobs: `mkiTxavi bicola myavda. erT dRes mis sanaxavad wa-
Suamavlobis misia da islamisken moxmoba
o
vedi. man ase miTxra: `Sen iseT qals SeirTav colad, rom
ukeTess verc ki inatreb. is Zalian lamazi da RvTismosavi
qali da diadi Suamavlis Svilia~. bicolas aseTi saubriT
gakvirvebuli davrCi. man gaagrZela:`ukanaskneli Suamavali
moevlina samyaros. man zeSTagoneba miiRo~. aseTi ram jer
qalaqSi ar msmenia da ufro gasagebad amixseni yvelaferi
_ meTqi, vTxove bicolas. man miTxra: `muhammed bin abdullahs Suamavloba euwya. is ukve mouwodebs xalxs WeSmariti
rwmenisken. sul male misi rjuliT samyaro ganaTdeba. vinc
winaaRmdegobas gauwevs, mas cudi dRe daadgeba~. bicolas
am sityvebma Zalian imoqmeda Cemze. sagonebelSi Cavvardi.
me da wminda ebu beqiri Zalian kargi megobrebi viyaviT. gadavwyvite, am sakiTxze salaparakod masTan mivsuliyavi. ebu
beqirs movuyevi, rac bicolaCemma miTxra. man yuradRebiT
momismina da miTxra: `osman! Sen Wkviani kaci xar da unda
mixvde, rom ar SeiZleba usulo da xilul sagnebs RvTaeba
uwodo~. `Sen marTali xar ebu beqir~, _ vuTxari me.
ebu beqirma osmans islamis wesebi auxsna da is yvela sulierisa da adamianebis Suamaval wminda muhammedTan waiyvana. sayvarelma Suamavalma osmans ase mimarTa: `osman! uzenaesi allahi Sen samoTxeSi giwvevs, Senc miiRe mipatiJeba! me,
yvela adamians swori gzis maCveneblad mogevlineT.“
wminda osmani didad moixibla allahis Suamavlis tkbili
saubriTa da keTili qceviT. man maSinve STagonebiT warmoTqva: ,,eShedu en la ilahe illallah, ve eShedu enne muhammeden abduhu ve rehulullah” da islami miiRo.
wminda muhammedi, pirveli sami wlis ganmavlobaSi, adamianebs islamisken farulad mouwodebda. adamianebi Tavdapirvela, undoblad uyurebdnen am yvelafers. am xnis ganmavlobaSi muslimanTa ricxvma ocdaaTs Zlivs miaRwia. isini
saxlSi farulad loculobdenen da yuranis aiaTebs Cumad
izepirebdnen.
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
axlo naTesavebis moxmoba
allahis Suamavalma, wminda muhammedma, muddesiris suras
pirveli aiaTebis gardmovleni Semdeg, islamis rjulis
aRiarebisaken faruli mowodeba daiwyo. cota xnis Semdeg
ki Suara suras 214-e aiaTi eboZa, sadac allahi brZanebs:
`axlo naTesavebi allahis sasjeliT SeaSine da maT WeSmarit
rwmenisaken mouwode~. amis Semdeg muhammedma wminda alis
daavala,
yvela axlo naTesavi ebu talibis saxlSi moewvia. Sekrebili stumrebi sufrasTan dasxdnen. sufraze erTi
TefSi saWmeli da erTi Tasi rZe iyo. muhammedi sufras
miujda, allahis saxeli axsena, erTi lukma SeWama da Semdeg mowveul naTesavebs Txova, rom maTac eWamaT. stumrebis gakvirvebas sazRvari ar hqonda, roca naxes, rom erTi
kacis samyofi saWmliT ormoci kaci danayrda. sadilis Semdeg muhammeds surda Tavisi naTesavebisTvis islamis rjuli
aRiarebisken moewodebina. is iyo saubari unda daewyo, rom
rom biZamisma ebu lehebma RvarZlianad da dacinviT Tqva:
,,Cven, dRemde, aseTi grZneuloba arsad gvinaxavs. Cvenma naTesavma mogajadovaT. Cemo ZmisSvilo! Sen ubedurebasa da
gaWirvebas mogvitan~.
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ganawyenebulma Suamavalma ebu lehebs ase mimarTa: `Sen,
iseTi mkrexeloba Caidine, rac arcerT yuraiSs da arcerT arabi tomis warmomadgenels ar gaukeTebia~. stumrebi ise daiSalnen, rom islamis miRebis survili arcerTs gasCenia. am
SemTxvevidan cota xnis Semdeg, muhammedma isev gadawyvita
axlo naTesavebis mowveva. maTi dapatiJeba isev alis Txova.
stumrebs isev ise miarTva saWmeli. Wamis Semdeg, Suamavali
fexze wamodga da warmosTqva: `qeba-dideba mxolod allahisTvis aris gankuTvnili. daxmarebas mxolod mas vTxov, misi
mwams da misi mfarvelobis imedi maqvs. WeSmaritad vici da
Tqvenc geubnebiT, rom allahis garda sxva RvTaeba ar arsebobs. is erTaderTia, mas Semcvleli da msgavsi ar hyavs. araviTar SemTxvevaSi tyuils ar geubnebiT, simarTles gacnobebT,
Tqven erTaderT uzenaesi allahis rwmenisken gixmobT, me
Suamavlobis misia da islamisken moxmoba
o
mis mier mTeli kacobriobisaTvis movlenili Suamavali var.
vficav, rom rogorc Zils miecemiT, iseve mokvdebiT, da ise gacocxldebiT, rogorc iRviZebT xolme, Semdeg ki yvela Tqveni
namoqmedaris gamo pasuxi mogeTxovebaT. sikeTis sanacvlod
jildos, xolo borotebis sanacvlod ki sasjels miiRebT. es
ki maradiuli samoTxe, an kidev maradiuli jokoxeTi iqneba.
adamianTagan pirvelebi xarT, visac saiqios sasjelis Sesaxeb
velaparakebi~.
ebu talibma, am sityvebis mosmenis Semdeg warmoTqva:
`Cemo Zvirfaso ZmisSvilo! ver warmomidgenia Sens daxmarebaze Zvirfasi ram Tu arsebobs. Seni darigeba gaviTaviseT
da davijereT. Sens sityvebs ki guliT vemowmebiT. axla aq
Sekrebilni, yvelani babuaSen, abdulmuttalibis SviliSvilebi arian. ueWvelia, rom mec erT-erTi maTTagani var. Sen
rasac isurveb, amaTgan upirvelesad me gavakeTeb. sityvas
gaZlev, rom Sen dasacavad erT wamiTac ki ukan ar davixev.
Sen gaagrZele imis keTeba, rac gebrZana, magram Zveli rwmenis Secvlis Sesaxeb ar vici, suli ratomRac ar memorCileba~.
garda ebu lehebisa iq myofma yvela naTesavma tkbilad
ilaparaka, magram ebu lehebma SekrebilT muqariT mimarTa:
`abdulmuttalibis Svilebo! sanam mas sxva SeuSlis xels,
Tqven aRudeqiT win. Tu dRes mis naTqvams daeTanxmebiT,
Sercxvenili darCebiT da Tavi mogeWrebaT. Tu mis dacvas
ganizraxavT, yvelani daiRupebiT~. ebu lehebs Suamavlis bicolam Semdegnairad gasca pasuxi: `Cemo Zmao! ZmisSvilis an
misi rjulis daxmarebis gareSe datoveba SegSvenis? geficebiT, rom drevandeli swavlulebi abdulmuttalibis modgmidan Suamavlis movlenis Sesaxeb gvacnobeben~.
ebu lehebma am sityvebis mosmenis Semdeg uxamsi laparaki
gaagrZela. ebu talibi ebu lehebs gabrazebuli miubrunda
da uTxra: `mSiSarav! vficav, sanam Cven cocxali varT, misi
damxmare viqnebiT da davicavT kidec~. Semdeg ki muhammed
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
Suamavals miubrunda: `Cemo ZmisSvilo! roca xalxs gamCenis
rwmenisken mouwodeb, gvacodine, iaraRs avisxamT da maSinve
SenTan erTad wamovalT~. bolos qveynierebis batonma wminda
muhammedma aiRo sityva: `abdulmuttalibis Svilebo! vficav,
arabTa Soris, is, rac Tqven am qveynisa da saiqios sikeTisaTvis
mogitaneT, masze ukeTesi arcerT adamians Tavis xalxisTvis
ar moutania. me Tqven advilad warmosaTqmel, magram sasworze mZimed damwol, ori sityvis Tqmisken mogiwodebT. es sityvebi ki imaSi mdgomareobs, rom allahis garda, sxva RvTaeba
ar arsebobs da me misi mona-msaxuri da Suamavali var. maS ase,
romeli Tqvengani daeTanxmeba Cems mowodebas da am gzaze daxmarebas gamiwevs?~ _ dasva kiTxva Suamavalma. yvela gaCumda
da mis win Tavebi daxares. Suamavalma es sityvebi samjer
gaimeora, samivejer wminda ali fexze dgeboda, bolos warmoTqva: `allahis Suamavalo! amaTTan SedarebiT ramdenadac
asakiT patara unda viyo, Sen me dagexmarebi~. am sityvebis gagonebaze Suamavalma alis xeli mohkida, sxvebi ki gaognebulebi daiSalnen.
uzenaesi allahis sayvareli Suamavali naTesavebis aseTma
damokidebulebam Zalian gaanawyena, magram maTi jojoxeTisgan gadasarCenad qadageba uSiSrad gaagrZela.
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misiis dawyebidan meoTxe wels allahma hijr suras 94 aieTi gardmoavlina. aieTSi asea nabrZanebi: `(sayvarelo Suamavalo!) Sen rac gebrZana (brZanebebi da akrZalulebi) is acnobe. simarTle sicruisgan ganacalkeve, mtrebs ganeride (maT
sityvebs yuradReba ar miaqcio)~. roca RvTiuri brZaneba
euwya, sayvarelma Suamavalma meqqelebis islamisken moxmoba
ukve aSkarad daiwyo. erT dRes safas mTaze avida da iqedan mouwoda xalxs: `yuraiSebo, aq SeikribeT da momismineT!~.
roca tomebi Seikribnen, maT ase mimarTa: `xalxo, saerTod
Cemgan tyuili gsmeniaT?~ yvelam erTxmad upasuxa: `ara, ar
gvsmenia~ Semdeg man ganagrZo: `uzenaesma allahma me Suamavloba miwyaloba da TqvenTvis momavlina~. amis Semdeg ki araf
suras 158-e aieTi waukiTxa: `sayvarelo Suamavalo, maT acno-
Suamavlobis misia da islamisken moxmoba
o
be: `adamianebo! me yvela TqvenTaganisTvis movlenili Suamavali var. is, uzenaesi allahi cisa da dedamiwis baton-patroni
da mmarTvelia, mis garda sxva saTayvanebeli ar arsebobs. yoveli cocxali arsebis sulis amrTmevi da gamacocxlebeli is
aris~. msmenelTagan ebu lehebi gabrazda, Cemi ZmisSvili gadareulao, vinc Cvens kerpebs ar scems Tayvans da Cveni rjulis moRalatea mis sityvas ar mousminoTo, aseTi lanZRviT
iyvira. iq myofni daiSalnen ise, rom aravin darCa Suamavlis erTguli da damjeri. miuxedavad imisa, rom Suamavals,
simarTlis mTqmelad da maRali zneobis mqoned icnobdnen,
mainc yvelam piri ibruna da gadaemternen kidec mas.
erT dRes gamCenis mier Semdegi nabrZanebis Sesasruleblad `rac gebrZana, is Seatyobine!~ safas mTaze xelmeored
avida da xmamaRali xmiT warmoTqva: `xalxo! modiT aq, SeikribeT, TqvenTvis mniSvnelovani ambavi maqvs~. am xmis gagonebaze
arabi tomebi swrafad Seikribnen da didi interesiT daiwyes
lodini. vinc ver moaxerxa mosvla, maT TavianTi kacebi gamoagzavnes, raTa gaegoT Tu raSi iyo saqme. mosulebma Suamavals mimarTes: `mudam simarTlis mTqmelo, muhammed! ratom Segvkribe, ra unda gvacnobo?~ Suamavalma yuraiSebs ase
mimaTa: `yureiSelo xalxo! Cemi da Tqveni mdgomareoba aseTia:
mteri rom davinaxoT, mterma saxlSi Cvenze adre ar mivides
da ojaxs ziani ar miayenoso, xalxo yviriliT saxlSi gaviqceviT (alyaSi varT, ukve gaTenda SetakebisTvis moemzadeT). ei,
yureiSelebo! axla Tqven am mTis ukan mtris jari dgas da sadacaa Tavs unda dagesxaTo rom giTxraT, damijerebT?~ xalxma
erTxmad iyvira: - diax, dagijerebT! radgan Sengan dRemde
siamrTlis Tqmis garda sxva arafris momswreni ar varTo. upasuxes Segrovilebma.
amis Semdeg TiToeuli arabi tomis saxelebi warmosTqva:
`haSimis Svilebo, abd menafis Svilebo, abdulmuttalibis
Svilebo! me Tqveni momavali, ueWveli sasjelis macne var. uzenaesma allahma Cemi axlo naTesavebis jojoxeTis sasjeliT
SeSineba mibrZana. mogiwodebT, raTa `la ilahe illellah
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
vehdehu la Seriqele~ - `allahi erTaderTia, allahis garda
sxva RvTaeba ar arsebobs~ _ warmoTqvaT da miiRoT islami. me
ki misi mona da Suamavali var. Tu damijerebT, samoTxeSi waxvalT. Tqven sanam aRiarebT, rom allahis garda sxva RvTaeba ar
arsebobs, me Tqven verc am qveynad da verc saiqios veranairad
dagexmarebiT~. msmenelTagan ebu lehebi gabrazda da hkiTxa:
`Cven amisaTvis Segvkribe?~ Semdeg qva aiRo da sayvarel Suamavals esrola. sxvebisgan aseT winaaRmdegobas ar hqonia
adgili, bolos Sekrebilebi laparak-laparakiT daiSalnen.
marjvena xelSi mze rom momcen…
sayvareli Suamavali am ambis Semdeg, sadac ki xalxs naxavda, islamisken mouwodebda. sulieri moTxovnilebebisgan
ueWveli gadarCena, despotizmisgan da sxva yovelgvari cudisgan Sors dgoma mxolod uzenaesi allahis rwmeniT iqneboda SesaZlebeli. sulier moTxovnilebebsa da siamovnebas
ayolilebi, sustebis mCagvrelebi da Smagebi am mowodebas
sastikad SeewinaaRmdegnen. rodesac Tqves, rom yvelafer
amas bolo unda moeRoso, Suamavali muhammedis mowodebebi
uarhyves da vinc misi iwama, maTac gadaemternen
poliTeistebi Tavdapirvelad dascinodnen Suamavals, Semdeg gadawyvites, rom zewoliTa da wamebiT SeecvalaT viTareba. maT morwmuneebis rwmenis CaxSoba da islamis gavrcelebis procesis Caqroba undodaT. yvelafer amas saTaveSi
edgnen: ebu jehili, uTbe, Seibe, ebu lehebi, uqbe bin ebi
muaiTi, as bin vaili, esved bin muttalibi, esved bin abdi
iagvesi da velid bin muRire.
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erT dRes uTbe, Seibe da ebu jehili, ebu talibTan mividnen da uTxres:` Sen Cvenze ufrosi xar, Sen yovelTvis pativs
gcemT da gafasebT. rogorc vxedavT, Senma ZmisSvilma axali
rwmena Camoayaliba, Cvens kerpebs Seuracxofas ayenebs da
urwmunoebaSi gvdebs brals. daarige, raTa am saqmisgan xeli
Suamavlobis misia da islamisken moxmoba
o
aiRos da Tu ar aiRebs xels, SemdegSi Cven viciT, ra bedic
ewveva~. ebu talibma isini daawynara, gaacila da am ambavma
Suamaval muhammeds ar awyeninoso, ar gaagebina. warmarTebi ramdenime xnis Semdeg xelmeored Seikribnen da ebu talibTan mividnen: `amaswinaT SenTan movediT da mdgomareoba
gacnobeT, Sen ki Cveni sityva arafrad Caagde. is isev Cveni kerpebis damcirebasa da lanZRvas agrZelebs. ukve aRar
SegviZlia. orive TqvenTagans sisxlis ukanasknel wveTamde
gebrZolebiT! meqqaSi an is, an Cven davrCebiT~. ebu talibma
kidev scada maTi dawynareba, magram amaod.
mas arc allahis Suamavlis wyenineba undoda da arc
xalxs Soris mtrobis Camovardna. SuamavalTan mivida da
uTxra: `muhammed! mTeli xalxi Sen winaaRmdeg gaerTianda da
CemTan saCivlelad movidnen. naTesaobaSi mtroba kargi ar
aris. ar moswonT, rom maT urwmunos uwodeb da Seuracxyofas ayeneb~. am sityvebis mosmenis Semdeg, sayvarelma Suamavalma ebu talibs ase uTxra: `biZaCemo! es icode, marjvena
xelSi mze, xolo marcxena xelSi mTvare rom momcen (ra simdidresac unda Sempirdnen), me am misias da rwmenisken xalxis
moxmobas ukan ar Sevwyvet. an allahis rjuls mTel qveyanaze
gavavrceleb, an am gzaze Tavs gavwirav~. Semdeg Tvalcremliani muhammedi fexze wamodga, roca ebu talibma dainaxa, rom
allahis Suamavals ewyina, inana, rac uTxra, mivida, kiserze
Semoexvia da mimarTa: `Cemo ZmisSvilo! Seni gza gaagrZele,
rac ginda akeTe, xolo me, sanam cocxali viqnebi, Sens mfarvelad migule!~
rodesac warmarTTagan aTma avtoritetulma pirovnebam
gaigo, rom ebu talibi wminda muhammeds mfarvelobda, umare bin velidis TanxlebiT masTan wavidnen da uTxres: `ebu
talib! rogorc ici umare meqqas axalgazrdaTa Soris yvelaze ufro moxdenili, Zlieri da kargi zneobis axalgazrdaa. amasTan erTad poetia. umares mogcemT da Sens saqmeebSi
gamoiyene, sanacvlod ki muhammedi mogveci, unda movklaT.
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
aha, Sen adamianis sanacvlod adamiani, meti raRa ginda?~ es
xom raRac absurduli SeTavazebas warmoadgenda, romelzec Tanxmoba warmoudgeneli iyo. ebu talibi am sityvebma saSinlad gaabraza da maT uTxra: `Tavdapirvelad Tqveni
Svilebi momiyvaneT, maT movklav, Cems ZmisSvilze mere vilaparakoT~. warmarTebi mixvdnen, rom saqme garTulda. ebu
talibma ganacxada: `vficva, rom Cemi ZmisSvili yvela Tqvens
Svilze ukeTesia. e.i. Tqven, Tqveni Svili unda momceT da
gamomakvebinoT, sanacvlod ki Cemi uZvirfasesi Svili waiyvanoT da moklaT ara?.. deda aqlemsac ki Tavis Svilis garda, sxva ar enatreba da ar icavs. Tqveni saqme ki yovelgvari
azrovnebisa da logikisgan Zalian Sors dgas. saqme kalapotidan amovarda ukve, awi, vinc Cemi Zvirfasi ZmisSvilis
mteri iqneba, mec misi mteri viqnebi. es ase daimaxsovreT
da Tqven, rac gamogivaT, is gaakeTeT~. warmarTebi gaSmagebuli wamovardnen da iqaurobas gaecalnen. ebu talibma ki
maSinve abdulmuttalibis Svilebi Sekriba, viTareba gaacno
da sayvarel Suamavlis dasaxmareblad daiTanxma. garda ebu
lehebisa, yvelani warmarTebis winaaRmdeg gaerTiandnen da
Sehfices, rom vinc allahis Suamavlis mosaklavad xels aRmarTavda, mas mkvlavebi daemtvreoda. ebu talibma maT ganucxada: `mamacno, xval yvela TqvenTaganma welze xmlebi
aisxiT da me gamomyeviT!~ meore dRes ebu talibi Suamaval
muhammedTan mivida, Semdeg yvela erTad haremi Serifisaken wavidnen, haSimisSvelebi maT ukan mihyvebodnen, qaabeSi
mividnen da warmarTTa winaSe warsdgnen. ebu talibma maT
ganucxada: `hei, yuraiSebo, rogorc gavige, Cemi ZmisSvilis
mokvla gadagiwyvetiaT, iciT Tu ara, rom es xmlebSesxmuli axalgazrdebi Cems miniSnebas mouTmenlad elodebian?
geficebiT, rom Tu muhammeds moklavT, arcerT Tqvengans
cocxals ar dagtovebT!~ amis Semdeg, sayvareli Suamavalis
Sesaxeb saxotbo leqsebis kiTxva daiwyes. ebu lehebis meTaurobiT iq myofni yvelani daiSalnen.
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Suamavlobis misia da islamisken moxmoba
o
Cagvra, wameba da despotizmi
yuraiSTa avtoritetuli warmomadgenlebi, Suamaval
muhammeds sadac martod naxavdnen, ukve Tavs esxmodnen,
Seuracyofas ayenebdnen, ufro meti, dartymasac ki cdilobdnen. arc mis megobrebs aklebdnen wamebas. erT dRes
warmarTebi qaabesTan isxdnen. maT Suamavali muhammedis
Sesaxeb ase daiwyes saubari: `Cven rom mis mimarT moTmineba gamoviCineT, ise aravis mimarT ar mogviTmenia. sulels
gviwodebs, Cvens RmerTebs arafrad agdebs da cudad moixseniebs. rjuls gvircxvens, mrevli gagviyo, magram mainc
viTmenT da arafers vambobT~. am dros allahis sayvareli
Suamavali qaabas mosanaxuleblad mosuliyo, man “hajerul
esveds” (Savi qva) akoca da qaabas garSemovlis rituali daiwyo. roca maT gverdiT gaiara, warmarTebma Seuracmyofeli
sityvebi daayares, allahis Suamavali aman Zalian gaanawyena
magram araferi uTqvams da qaabas gars Semovlis rituali
gaagrZela. rodesac maT mesamejer gausworda, sityviT mimarTa: `yuraiSebo, momismineT! Cemi sulis mbrZanebel allahs
vficav, rom Tqvens Sesaxeb mauwya mimoibneviano~. warmarTebma
veRar gaiges ra gaekeTebinaT, gaognebulni gaSeSdnen, erTi
sityvac ki ver warmoTqves. mxolod SemdegSi ebu jehili
SuamavalTan mivida da Txova: `(ebul yasim) yasimis mamav!
ucxo ara xar, Cvens uxeS qcevebs nu miaqcev yuradRebas,
Sen RvTismsaxureba gaagrZele, imdenad ucodinari ara xar,
rom Cven dagvijero~. amis mosmenis Semdeg wminda muhammed
Suamavali iqidan wavida.
meore dRes warmarTni igive adgilas Sekrebiliyvnen da
wminda Suamavlis sawinaaRmdegod laparakobdnen. am dros
isicmibrZanda. warmarTebma Suamavali rom dainaxes, maSinve
Tavs daesxnen. maT Soris yvelaze saSinelma uqbe bin muaiTma
sayvarel Suamavals xeli sayeloze CasWida da imdenad mouWira yelSi, rom Suamavalma suli veRar moiTqva. am dros
ebu beqirma miuswro da daiZaxa: `Cemi gamCeni allahis Suamavali unda moklaT? man Tqven, samyaros gamCen da baton-
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o
sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
patronisgan aiaTebi mogitanaT~. da Suamavlis dasacavd
CxubSi swrafad SeiWra. kerpTayvanismcemlebi sayvarel Suamavals SeeSvnen, ebu beqirs daesxnen Tavs da dalocvil Tavze muStebsa da fexebs urtyamdnen. ubedurma uTbe bin rebiam wminda ebu beqirs fexebi urtya da sisxliT ise SeuReba
saxe, rom kaci veRar icnoboda TeimisSvilebs rom ar mieswroT da ar gaeSvelebinaT, sikvdilamde urtyamdnen, albaT.
qancgawyvetili ebu beqiri misi tomis xalxma zewarSi Seaxvia
da saxlSi waiyvanes. Semdeg saswrafod qaabaSi dabrundnen
da warmarTT ganucxades: `ebu beqiri, rom mokvdes, geficebiT, rom uTbes CavaZaRlebT!~ - Semdeg isev ebu beqirTan
dabrundnen.
ebu beqiri didxans gons ver moego. mamam da TeimelisSvilebma mis mosabruneblad bevri izrunes, magram igi saRamos
Zlivs moego gons. Tvalebi gaaxila Tu ara, dauZlurebuli
xmiT Semdegis Tqma Zlivs SeZlo: `allahis Suamavali rogor aris? ras akeTebs? mas ena waugrZeles, Seuracxyofa
miayenes~. ebu beqirs arafris Tavi ar hqonda, arc arafris
Wama da sma undoda. xalxi roca wavida da saxli dacarielda,
dedam hkiTxa: `ras SeWam, ras dalev?~ man Tvalebi gaaxila
da isev ikiTxa, allahis Suamavali rogor aris, ras akeTebso? dedam upasuxa, vficav, Seni megobris Sesaxeb araferi
ar vicio. ebu beqirma uTxra: `wadi da allahis Suamavlis
Sesaxeb hattabis qaliSvils, ummu jemiles hkiTxe~.
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ummu jemile omaris muslimani da iyo. ebu beqiris deda
ummul haira adga, ummu jemilesTan wavida da uTxra: `Cems
Svil, ebu beqirs allahis Suamavalis mdgomareoba ainteresebs, netavi rogor aris?~ ummu jemilem upasuxa: `me arc
wminda muhammedis da arc ebu beqiris Sesaxeb araferi vici,
Tu isurveb erTad wavideT~. ummul hairac daTanxmda da
oriveni da ebu beqirTan wavidnen. ummu jemilem, roca marTalismTqmeli ebu beqiri daWril-dalurjebuli dainaxa,
Tavi veRar Seikava da ikivla: `vinc ase mogeqca, is xalxi
namdvilad Smagi da Tavxedia. allahs vTxov, maT sapasuxo
Suamavlobis misia da islamisken moxmoba
o
miuzRos~. ebu beqirma ummu jemiles hkiTxa, Suamavali muhammedi rogor aris, ras akeTebso? ummu jemilem Tqva: `dedaSeni aq aris, esmis yvelaferi rasac vityvi~. ebu beqirma miugo:` misgan aranairi ziani ar mogelis, saidumloebas
ar gascems~. maSin ummu jemilem upasuxa: `Suamavali kargad
aris, erqamis saxlSia~. wminda ebu beqirma Tqva: `sanam mas
Cemi TvaliT ar vnaxav, arc vWam da arc arafers davlev!~ is
dedisa da ummu jemiles daxmarebiT allahis SuamavalTan
mivida, moexvia, akoca da musliman Zmebs gadaexvia. Suamavalma muhammedma wminda ebu beqiri aseT mdgomareobaSi rom
naxa, Zalian ewyina.
wminda muhammedis saxli, misi dauZinebeli mtrebis ebu
lehebisa da ebu jehilis saxlebs Soris idga.. eseni yovel
xelsayrel moments ucdidnen, Suamavali rom ewvalebinaT,
ufro metic, Ram-RamobiT saqonlis ganavals Suamavlis karis win hyridnen. biZa ebu lehebi amiTac ar dakmayofilda
da mezobel adies saxlidan qvas esroda. mas arc meuRle,
ummu jemilec CamorCeboda da mokrefil eklebs im gzaze
yrida, sadac Suamavals unda gaevlo. erT dRes ebu lehebs
Segrovili ganavali Suamavlis karis win unda daeyara, rodesac igi hamzam SeniSna. maSinve gaiqca, ZmasTan mivida da
motanili ganavali Tavze daayara.
ebu lehebisa da meuRlis aseTi saqcielis Semdeg, TebbeTis sura iqna movlenili, romlis Sesavali ase iwyeba: `ebu
lehebs xelebi gauxmes~, da gauxma kidec.
roca ebu lehebis meuRle, ummu jemilem gaigo, rom maT
Sesaxeb sura gardmoevlina, wminda muhammedis Zebna daiwyo.
roca gaigo, rom qaabeSi iyo, xelSi qva aiRo da masTan wavida. Zvirfasi ebu beqiri im dros Suamav lis saubars usmenda. roca SeniSna, rom ummu jemile qviT xelSi modioda,
wamoiZaxa: `allahis Suamavalo! ummu jemile modis, Zalian
boroti qalia, vSiSob ziani mogayenos. adgili xom ar gamogvecvala?~ allahis Suamavalma ase uTxra: `nu SiSob, is me ver
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
daminaxavs~. ummu jemile wminda ebu beqirTan gaCerda. `ebu
beqir! axlave miTxari, sad aris Seni megobari? me da Cemi
meuRle dagvZraxa, gagvamasxarava. is Tu poetia, mec poeti
var da Cemi meuRlec. ai, me ki mas vamasxaraveb, ar varT Cven
misgan kmayofili, uarvyofT mis Suamavlobas da arc misi
rjuli mogvwons. geficebi, is rom menaxa, axla es qva TavSi
unda Camertya~. _ aseTi Seuracxmyofeli sityvebiT ilaparaka ummu jemilem. wminda ebu beqirma uTxra: `Cemi megobari
poeti ar aris da arc Sen gaumasxaravebixar~. amis Semdeg
ummu jemile gaecala iqaurobas. Semdeg wminda ebu beqiri
Suamavals miubrunda da hkiTxa: `man Sen ver daginaxa?~ Suamavalma miugo: `diax, ver daminaxa, radgan allahma mis Tvalebs
Cemi danaxvis unari waarTva~.
wminda Suamavlis qaliSvilTagan ummu gulsumi, ebu lehebis vaJ uTbeze, xolo ruqie uTeibeze iyvnen daniSnulni..
rodesac TebbeTis sura garmoevlina jojoxeTiseulma ebu
lehebma, misma meuRlem da yuraiSTa winamZRolebma uTbesa da uTeibes SesTavazes: mis qaliSvilebTan daqorwinebiT
mas tvirTs SeumsubuqebT, ganqorwindiT, raTa gaWirvebaSi
Cavardes. Tqven ki yuraiSTa TqvenTvis sasurvel lamaz qaliSvilebze dagaqorwinebT. isinic daTanxmdnen, kargi gavqorwindebiTo. mdabio uTbem ki ufro Sors Setopa, wminda
muhammed Suamavlis winaSe warsdga da uTxra: ` muhammed! me
Sen da Sens rjuls ar vcnob, Sens qaliSvilsac gaveyare, amis
Semdeg arc Sen giyvarde, arc me meyvarebi, nurc Sen moxval
CemTan da arc me moval SenTan~... Semdeg sayvarel Suamavals
sayeloze CaeWida da perangi dauxia. amis gamo Suamavalma
ase daswyevla: `gamCeno allaho! am mxecTagan romelimes ubedureba daatexe Tavs~. ubeduri uTbe, roca mamasTan mivida
momxdaris Sesaxeb, yvelaferi mouyva. ebu lehebma Tqva: `meSinia imis, rac muhammedma Cemi SvilisTvis Seavedra~.
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ramdenime dRis Semdeg, ebu lehebma Tavisi Svili, uTbe damaskoSi savaWrod gaagzavna. qaravani zerqad wodebul adgilas dasasveneblad gaCerda. iqve axlo-maxlos erTma lomma
Suamavlobis misia da islamisken moxmoba
o
daiwyo xetiali. uTbem es mdgomareoba SeniSna Tu ara maSinve Tqva: `eh, RmerTo Cemo! vficav, muhammedis vedreba ismina
RmerTma. es lomi SemWams, TviTon Tundac meqqaSi iyos, mainc
Cemi mkvlelia”. lomi cota xnis Semdeg aRar gamoCenila.
uTbe ki momaRlo adgilas daawvines dasaZineblad. RamiT
lomi isev movida, meqaravneebi saTiTaod daynosa. bolos
uTbesTan rom mivida, maSinve muceli gaupo, TavSi Caavlo
kbilebi, saSinlad dakbina da saqme moaTava. uTbem sulis
amosvlisas, saSineli kiviliT warmoTqva: `geubnebodiT Tu
ara, rom muhammedi yvelaze ufro marTlis mTqmelia?~ da
suli ganuteva. Semdeg, roca ebu lehebma Svilze Tavsdamtydari ubedurebis Sesaxeb gaigo, atirda: `geubnebodiT Tu
ara, rom muhammedis mier Cemi Svilis mimarT gakeTebuli
vedrebisa meSinia meTqi~.
sayvareli muhammed Suamavali adamianebs maradiuli bednierebisken mouxmobda, maT allahis arsebobisa da erTobisaken mouwodebda, irjeboda, raTa adamianebi jojoxeTis
cecxlSi dawvisgan gadaerCina. warmarTni ki ambobdnen, Cveni winaprebis rjuli es ariso da kerpTayvanismcemlobas
agrZelebdnen. Suamavali ki maT gadarCenisa da adamianuri,
Rirseuli da patiosani cxovrebisaken mouwodebda. isini
jiutobas ar iSlidnen. ebu lehebi ki SeuracxmyofelT saTaveSi edga. allahis Suamavals sul dahyveboda da yvelafers akeTebda imisaTvis, rom adamianebs misi ar moesminaT
da mis SuamavlobaSi eWvi SeetanaT. Sekrebebze an bazrobebze, roca allahis Suamavali ityoda: `adamianebo! TqviT, rom
allahis garda sxva RvTaeba ar arsebobs da gadarCiT!~ maSinve
ebu lehebi miuswrebda da iyvirebda: `amas vinc ambobs, Cemi
ZmisSvilia, frTxilad iyaviT da misi sityva ar daijeroT,
misgan Tavi Sors daiWireT!~
erT dRes Suamavali muhammedi wminda qaabeSi loculobda.
yuraiS mowinaveTagan Svidkaciani jgufi: ebu jehilis, Seibe
bin rebias, uTbe bin rebiasa da uqbe bin ebi muaiTis meTaurobiT iq mividnen da allahis SuamavalTan axlos dasxdnen.
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o
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
iqve axlos erTi dRis win dakluli aqlemis Sigani eyara.
mdabio ebu lehebi TanmxlebT miubrunda da aseTi sazizRari ram SesTavaza: `romeli TqvenTagani adgeba da sejdes
Sesrulebisas am Sigans mxrebze daadebs?” iq myofTagan yvelaze ufro despotma, sastikma, Seubralebelma da ubedurma
uqbe bin muaiTma iTava es saqme, me gavakeTebo Tqva da fexze
wamodga. iqve myofTa Tvalwin aiRo Sigani da Suamavals sejdes gakeTebis dros mxrebze daado. amis mnaxaveli warmarTebma sicili daiwyes. Suamavali locvas agrZelebda, Tavs
ar iRebda. es viTareba abdullah bin mesudma SeniSna. is am
SemTxvevis Sesaxeb ase mogviTxrobs: `roca allahis Suamavali aseT mdgomareobaSi davinaxe sisxli tvinSi amivarda.
magram marto viyavi da warmarTTagan damcveli aravin myavda. maSin laparakis Zalac ki ar Semwevda. gavCerdi da didi
wuxiliT allahis Suamavals vucqerodi. ra iqneboda, rom
maSin warmarTTagan qomagi gamomCenoda da Suamavlis mxrebidan Sigani gadamegdo~. am dros viTareba allahis Suamavlis
qaliSvils, fatimas acnobes. is maSin patara iyo, sirbiliT
movarda, mamis mxrebidan Sigani gadaagdo da misi gamkeTebeli uRirsi sityvebiT Seamko da daswyevla. allahis Suamavalma, TiTqos araferi momxdariyo, locva daamTavra da
samjer allahs ase Seevedra: `Cemo allaho, es xalxi Senzed momindvia! Senze momindia ebu jehil amr bin hiSami! Cemo
allaho! uqbe bin rabia Senze momindvia! Cemo allaho uqbe
bin muaiTi Senzed momindvia! Cemo allaho, umeiie bin halefi
Senzed momindvia! Cemo allaho, velid bin uTbe da umare bin
velidi Senzed momindvia!~ warmarTebma es wyevla rom moismines, sicili Sewyvites da SeSindnen, radgan sjerodaT, rom
allahis saxlSi aRvlenil vedrebas RmerTi, aucileblad,
ismenda. Semdeg allahis Suamavali ebu jehils miubrunda
da uTxra: `vficav, an aseT qmedebebs SeeSvebi, an uzenaesi allahi ubedurebas dagatexs Tavze. geficebiT, rom visi saxelebic CamovTvale, TiToeuli bediris brZolaSi moklulebi,
Zirs gaSxlarTulebi, sicxisgan amyralebuli mZorebi ormoSi
Cayrilebi iqnebiT.~
Suamavlobis misia da islamisken moxmoba
o
erT dRes ebu jehili allahis saxlSi (beiTullah) warmarTT mimarTavda: `yuraiSebo, xom xedavT, rom muhammedi
Cven rjuls Seuracxyofas ayenebs, kerpebsa da kerpTayvanismcmel winaprebs arafrad agdebs da Cven sulelebad
gvTvlis. amisaTvis erT nabijiTac ki ukan ar ixevs. Tqven winaSe vificeb da vambob, rom xval did qvas movitan da roca
is sejdeze daemxoba, TavSi Zlierad Cavartyam, amis Semdeg
Tqven abdulmuttalibis Svilebisgan gind damicaviT gind
ara. me rom mas movklav, naTesavebma mere rac undaT, is miyon.~. iqve myofma warmarTebi Sehpirdnen da daifices: `Cven
dagifaravT da arc aravis CagabarebT, oRond is mokali!~
dilaadrian ebu lehebi, xelSi sakmaod didi qviT, qaabaSi mivida. warmarTebTan erTad dajda da lodini daiwyo.
rogorc yovelTvis, sayvareli Suamavali qaabeSi movida da
locvas Seudga. ebu jehili fexze wamodga da qvis Suamavalze dasartymelad gaqanda. yvela warmarTi am movlenas didi
kmayofilebiT Tvalyurs adevnebda. roca ebu jehili, sayvarel Suamavals miuaxlovda, uceb kankali auvarda da qva
xelidan gauvarda. saxeze feri ecvala da Tavzardacemulma
ukan daixia. warmarTebi gakvirvebuli mivardnen ebu jehils
da hkiTxes: ` amir bin hiSam! ra mogivida, gviTxari ra moxda?~ ebu jehilma upasuxa: ` zustad im dros, roca mis mosaklavad qva aviRe da unda damertya, Tvalwin ficxi aqlemi
warmomidga. geficebiT sicocxleSi imisTana maRalfexebiani
aqlemi ar minaxavs da arc msmenia. cotas Tu mivuaxlovebodi, ueWvelad momklavda~.
erT dRes, ebu jehilma warmarTni Sekriba da ikiTxa: `rogor fiqrobT, abdullahis oboli aq namazis salocavad
mova da saxes miwas Seaxebs?~ _ `diax~ upasuxes. ebu jehilic sworedac am pasuxs eloda, man ganacxada: `Tu mas saxiT miwaze Sexebuls vixilav, fexebiT gavusrisav Tavs!~ erT
dRes allahis Suamavali salocavad damdgariyo, ebu jehilic megobrebTan erTad iqve axlos ijda. Semdeg wamodga da
allahis Suamavlisken wavida, roca miuaxlovda, uceb saxis
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
wmendiT gaqceva daiwyo. warmarTni mivardnen da kiTxes: `ra
mogivida, ebu jehil ra dReSi xar?~ ebu jehilma upasuxa:
`Cvens Soris uceb cecxlis ormo gaCnda, roca vnaxe, rom
viRacebi Tavs mesxmodnen, ukan gamoviqeci~.
velid bin muRire, ebu jehil (amr bin hiSam) esved bin
muttalib, umeiie bin halef, esved bin abdiiagves, as bin
vail, haris bin qais msgavsi warmarTTa mowinaveni, allahis
Suamavals roca dainaxavdnen, aseTi sityvebiT dascinodnen:
`amasac Tavi Suamavali hgonia, TiTqos jebrail angelozi
marTla ecxadebodes.” amis gamo, allahis Suamavals Zalian
swyinda maTi dacinva. erTxelac, jebral angelozi gamoecxada Suamavals da axali aiaTebi gardmouvlina. `Suamavalo!
vficav, rom Senamde movlenil Suamavalebsac dascinodnen,
vinc Suamavlebs dascinodnen da amasxaravebdnen, sanacvlod
isini tanjva-wvalebam da ubedurebam imsxverpla~.3
`eWvgareSea, rom vinc Sen dagcinis, Cven maT gavuswordebiT.
isini allahu TealasTan gansxvavebiT sxva RmerTebs scnoben.
isini male gaigeben (rac miezRvebaT bolos). ueWvelia, rom
Sen maTi damcinavi sityvebis gamo (warmarTobis, yurani qerimze enis wagrZelebisa da Seni masxrad agdebisaTvis) suTqva gekvris, da wuxxar~.4
qveynierebis batons, erT dRes, mTavarangelozi jebraili
gamoecxada da amcno: `me maTTvis (damcinavebis ) angariSis
gasworebis brZaneba miviRe~ cota xnis Semdeg velid bin muRirem maT win Caiara, jebrail angelozma hkiTxa Suamavals:
`es vin aris, rogori pirovnebaa?” allahis Suamavalma upasuxa: `is uzenaesi allahisTvis yvelaze uaresi adamiania~
jebrail angelozma velidis fexze mianiSna, amis angariSi
gasworebuliao, ase miyolebiT jer as bin vailis mucelze
mianiSna, Semdeg ki esved bin muttalibis Tvalze, Semdeg allahis Suamaval muhammeds miubrunda da uTxra: `amaTi ube-
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3. en’amis sure: 10.
4. hijris sure: 95–97.
Suamavlobis misia da islamisken moxmoba
o
durebisgan gadarCi ukve. axlo momavalSi TiToeuli maTgani sxvadasxva ubedurebas gadaeyreba”.
pirvel rigSi as bin vails fexze ekali SeerWo, ra wamlis gamoyenebac scades, tkivils ver daaRwia Tavi. bolos
fexi aqlemis kiseriviT gausivda da kiviliT amoxda suli.
me muhammedis allahma momklao, ambobda. esved bin muttalibi dabrmavda, esved bin abdiiagves bad-i semumSi yofnis
dros, saxe da tani sul gauSavda. saxlSi roca dabrunda,
veRar icnes da gareT gaagdes. ubedurebisgan saxlis karze
Tavis rtymevaSi suli ganuteva. haris bin harisma ki Zalian mariliani Tevzi Wama, amis gamo temperaturam auwia, ris
gamoc wyals ramdensac svamda, mainc ver iklavda wyurvils.
bolos gadaWarbebulma wyalma imsxverpla. velis bin muRires wvivSi rkinis natexi Caeso, naiarevi aRar mouSuSda, bevri sisxli dakarga da kiviliTa da godebiT dalia suli.
amgvarad, yvela maTgans muhammedis winaaRmdeg namoqmedaris
sanacvlo miezRo. garda amisa, wminda aiaTi gvamcnobs, rom
warmarTebi samudamod darCebian jojoxeTSi.
sayvareli Suamavali erT dRes ebul ass waawyda. roca mas
gaSorda haqemma mas zurgsukan dacinva dauwyo, ris gamoc
piri, saxe da sxeuli aukankalda. es wminda muhammedma Suamavlobis sxiviT dainaxa da allahs Seevedra, rom mTeli
cxovreba haqemi ise darCeniliyo. ismina allahma vedreba da
am warmarTma, marTlac, mTeli cxovreba kankalSi gaatara.
Suamavlis keTilSobili megobrebis wameba
warmarTebi ara marto Suamavals, aramed mis Rirseul
megobrebsac ki awamebdnen. gansakuTrebiT, Raribebs, upatronoebs irCevdnen. warmarTebi warmoudgenel zewolasa
da despotur qmedebebs sruliad mourideblad Cadiodnen.
RaribTa da upatronoTa Soris erT-erTi bilali habeSi iyo.
bilali habeSi erT-erTi warmarTis, umeie bin halefis mona
gaxldaT. mas ebu beqiris daxmarebiT islami mieRo. umeiies
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j
Tormeti mona hyavda, maT Soris bilali Zalian uyvarda. is
kerpis darajad hyavda dayenebuli. rodesac bilalma islami miiRo, sakerpeSi yvela kerpi Zirs daamxo. roca es umeiiem gaigo, Tavzari daeca. maSinve daibara bilali da uTxra:
`Sen islami migiRia, Turme muhammedis RmerTs scem Tayvans~.
bilalma upasuxa: `diax, marTalia, udides da uzenaes allahs vcem Tayvans~. umeiiem aseTi pasuxi rom miiRo, bilali
maSinve sawameblad daabmevina. SuadRisas, roca mze zenitSi
iyo, igi gaaSiSvla da SiSvel sxeulze sicxiT gaxurebuli
qvebi daawyo da uTxra:` `islamisgan piri ibrune, kerpebis
iwame!~ bilali ki imeorebda: `allahi erTaderTia! allahi
eTaderTia~.
umeiie bin halefi bilalis aseT moTmineba rom xedavda,
giJs emsgavseboda. mas eklebze aTrevda, sxeuls ukawravda
da stanjavda. bilalis sxeulidan sisxli RvariviT sdioda,
magram yuradRebas ar aqcevda da ambobda: `Cemo allaho,
rac Sengan mxvdeba wilad, kmayofili var imis~. ai, rwmenis
aseT simtkices iCenda es mona.
Zvirfasi bilali am ambavs ase mogviTxrobs: `is veragi
umeiie dRisiT sicxeSi damabamda da RamiTac ki mawamebda.
cxeli dRe iyo. rogorc yovelTvis, islamze rom uari meTqva, isev sawvaleblad damaba da meubneboda: `kerpebs eci
Tayvani, muhammedis allahi uarhyavi, uarhyavi, uarhyavi!~ me
ki mainc gaviZaxodi: `allahi erTaderTia, allahi erTaderTia!~ SurisZiebiT daboRmilma erT dRes didi qva moatanina
da mkerdze damado. maSin goneba damekarga, azrze rom movedi, mkerdze qva aRar mqonda da mzec Rrublebs amofareboda. allahs madloba gadavuxade da CemTvis vTqvi: `gamCenis
xvedri yvelaferi lamazi da sasiamovnoa-meTqi~
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umeiie bin halefs, erT dRes, bilali sawameblad gareT
gamoeyvana. tansacmeli gaeZro da mxolod erTi qveda sacvalis amara, mcxunvare mzeze, gacxelebul qviSaze daewvina da
mucelze qvebi daeyara. iqve warmarTebic Sekrebiliyvnen da
Suamavlobis misia da islamisken moxmoba
o
eubnebodnen: `Cvens rwmenaze Tu ar dabrundebi, mogklavT!~
bilali habeSi am gausaZlisi wamebis miuxedavad, mainc gaiZaxoda: `allahi erTaderTia, allahi erTaderTia!~ am dros
sayvarelma allahis Suamavalma gaiara, roca bilali aseT
mdgomareobaSi naxa, Zalian ewyina da Tqva: `allahis saxelis
xsneba Sen gadagarCens~.
roca allahis Suamavali saxlSi dabrunda, cota xnis Semdeg, masTan wminda ebu beqiri mivida. allahis Suamavalma
mas bilali habeSis wamebis Sesaxeb uambo da isic uTxra, rom
Zalian ganawyenebuli iyo. es rom ebu beqirma gaigo, maSinve iqiT gaiqca da warmarTT SesTavaza: `amis wamebiT Tqven
ra mogeba geqnebaT? es mona me momyideT!.~ `qveynis odena oqroc rom mogvce, amas ar gavyidiTo, magram Sens mona
amirSi gagicvliT~ -miuges warmarTebma. wminda ebu beqiris
mona amiri savaWro saqmeebiT sakmaod bevr fulsac igebda.
mas sakuTari qonebis garda, aTi aTasi oqro hqonda. amiri
wminda ebu beqiris damxmare iyo da yvela saqmes ukeTebda,
magram urwmuno iyo, warmarTobas ar iSlida. ebu beqirma
amiri mTeli Tavisi fuliTa da qonebiT bilalSi gacvala.
umeiie bin halefsa da sxva warmarTT Zalain gauxardaT da
Tqves, ebu beqiri movatyueTo.
ebu beqirma bilalis mucelze dawyobili mZime qvebi Camoyara da fexze wamoayena. bilali habeSs autaneli wvalebis
gamo ZalRone gamoleuli hqonda. xeli mohkida da pirdapir
sayvarel allahis SuamavalTan miiyvana da uTxra: `allahis
Suamavalo! bilali dRes allahis gulisaTvis vixseni monobisgan~. wminda muhammeds Zalian gauxarda da ebu beqiri
daloca. am dros jebrail angelozma leilis sures me-17 da
me-18 aiaTebi zeSTaagona. sadac allahi brZanebs: `ebu beqiri
jojoxeTisgan Sors aris~. aiaTis mniSvneloba aseTia: (wminda ebu beqiris msagvsi) udidesi RvTismoSiSi (warmaTobasa
da codvasagan Sors mdgomi), qonebis allahisTvi gamxarjavi,
sikeTis gzaze mdgomi, jojoxeTisgan Sors aris.
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
habbab bin ereTic, rjulis Secvlis gamo, wamebulTa Soris iyo. igi warmarTi qalis ummu enmares uTvistomo mona
gaxldaT. arc mas gaaCnda iseTi vinme, vinc mas daicavda.
amis gamo warmarTni Seikribebodnen, habbabs gaaSiSvlebdnen da sxeuls eklebiT ukawravdnen. zogjer rkinis perangs
Caacmevdnen da mzeze daawvendnen, xan cecxlze gaxurebul
qvebs SiSvel sxeulze adebdnen. es yvelaferi habbabis kerpTayvanismcemlobaze dabrunebas, laTsa da uzzaze Tayvaniscemas isaxavda miznad. miuxedavd yvelafrisa habbabi rwmenis
simtkices iCenda, ambobda: (la ilahe illallah muhammedun
resulullah - ar arsebobs RvTaeba garda allahisa da muhammedi misi msaxuri da Suamavalia) da maT winaaRmdegobas
uwevda.
erT dRes moedanze warmarTebi Seikribnen da cecxli
daanTes. Semdeg habbabi gaTokes da cecxlTan miiyvanes. gadaewyvitaT an islamisuaryofa aeZulebinaT an cecxlze unda
daewvinaT. roca habbabi cecxlze zurgiT daawvines, igi allahs ase Seavedra: `Cemo allaho! Cem mdgomareobas xedav
da ici. gevedrebi, gulSi rwmena mtkiced mimyofe, udidesi
moTminebis Zala momeci~. erT-erTma warmarTi habbabs fexiT
mkerdze daawva, Tumca maT ra icodnen, rom allahi morwmuneebs mfarvelobda.
roca habbabs warmarTni gareT ase awamebdnen, patronma
Zvel sarwmuneobaze mis dasabruneblad rkina gaacxela, Tavze miaWira da dadaRa. man mainc ar Seasrula maTi ultimatumi da yvela tkivils vaJJacurad gauZlo.
wlebis Semdeg, roca habbabs am SemTxvevas Sesaxeb hkiTxes,
man zurgze damwvrobis kvali aCvena da Tqva: `warmarTman
CemTvis cecxli daanTes, Semdeg Sig CamaTries. is cecxli
mxolod Cemma sxeulma Caaqro~.
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erTxel habbabi sayvarel Suamavlis winaSe warsdga da Txova: `allahis Suamavalo! warmarTni, roca gareT gamosuls
daminaxaven, cecxls anTeben, saxlSi ki Cemi patroni ummu
Suamavlobis misia da islamisken moxmoba
o
emare gaxurebuli rkiniT Tavs midaRavs. gTxov, allahs Seevedro CemTvis~. Semdeg zurgze da Tavze damwvar-dadaRuli
adgilebi aCvena. Suamavalma es rom naxa, Zalian Seecoda.
veRar gauZlo rjulisaTvis miyenebul amden sisaZagles da
gamCens Seevedra: `Cemo gamCeno, baton-patrono! daexmare,
Seiwyale habbabi~. uzenaesma allahma ismina sayvareli Suamavlis vedreba da ummu emares saSineli Tavis tkivili autexa. man gausaZlisi Tavis tkivilis gamo dilamde ikvnesa.
tkivilis gasayuCeblad gaxurebuli rkiniT Tavis dadaRva
urCies. man habbabi daibara da ubrZana, rkina gaexurebina da
misTvis Tavi daedaRa. habbabmac brZaneba Seasrula.
pirvel xanebSi, warmarTni habbab ereTis moqmedebas did
yuradRebas ar aqcevdnen. magram xedavdnen, rom dRiTidRe
muslimanebis ricxvi matulobda. bolos iZulebulni Seiqmnen, rom muslimanTa ricxvis zrdisaTvis yuradReba mieqciaT. amitomac habbabis wvalebas umates, urtyamdnen, scemdnen, uamrav tkivils ayenebdnen, naiarev da daWril adgilze
isev tkivilsa da iaras uaxlebdnen...
miuxedavad amisa, habbab bin ereTma ukan ar daixia, muslimanobaze uari ar Tqva. Tumca tanjva-wvalebisgan ZalRone
gamoleoda. momxdaris Sesaxeb sayvarel Suamavals moaxsena:
`allahis Suamavalo! Seevedre allahs, raTa mixsnas am tanjvisgan~. allahis Suamavalma mas auxsna: `Tqven winandel mimdevrebs Soris iseTebi iyvnen, romelTac rkinis savarcxliT
kansa da xorcs aTlidnen da aZrobdnen. magram aseTi wameba maT
rwmenas ver acvlevinebda. iyo SemTxveva, rom xerxiT Tavidan
bolomde orad gahyves, gaxerxes adamiani, magram verc aseTma
wamebam Seacvlevina maT rwmena. ueWvelia, rom allahi am rwmenas (islams) srulhqmnis. sxva yvela rwmenaze ufro upiratess gaxdis. ase, rom sanadan hardamuTamde wamsvlel, aqlemze
Semjdar vinmes, allahis garda, aravis SiSi eqneba. cxvrebsac
ki mglis Tavdasxmis garda, sxva dardi aRar Seawuxebs. magram
Tqven ki CqarobT!~ Semdeg zurgze xeli gadausva da daloca.
allahis Suamavlis sulis mkurnalma nazma sityvebma, hab-
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
babs tkivilebi gauyuCa.
habbabs, Smag da warmarT, as bin vailisgan, fuli hqonda asaRebi da masTan mivida. as bin vailma habbabs uTxra:
`sanam muhammeds ar uarhyof, manamde vals ar dagibruneb!~
habbabma upasuxa: `vficav, Suamavals arc sicocxleSi da
arc sikvdilis Semdeg, roca gavcocxldebiT, ar vuarvyof.
yvelafrze uars vityvi, magram allahs ver ver vuRalateb~.
amis Semdeg as bin vailma uTxra: `Tu aseTi rame arsebobs,
maSin simdidrec meqneba, Svilebic meyoleba da valsac maSin
dagibruneb~.
as bin vailis am sityvebTan dakavSirebiT, uzenaesma allahma wminda yuranis meriemi suras 77–79-e aiaTebSi ase
brZanebs: `(muhammed!) Cveni aiaTebis uarmyofi adamiani (as
bin vaili) dainaxe? is romelic fiqrobs, rom me ueWvelad
(gankiTxvis dRes) simdidre da Svilebi momecema, man momavali
icoda, Tu allahisgan STagoneba miiRo? ara araviTar SemTxvevaSi ase ar aris, Cven mis naTqvams davwerT da tanjvaze tanjvas davumatebT (gankiTxvis dRes amis gamo pasuxs movTxovT)~.
wameba gonebis dakargvamde…
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warmarTebi ganurCevlad qalsac da kacsac awamebdnen. pirvel muslimanTagan qalbatoni zinnire uTvistomo, mxevali
qali iyo. warmarTebma roca gaiges, rom zmas islami mieRo, arc misi wamebis moridebiaT. zinnires laTsa da uzzaze
Tayvaniscemas aiZulebdnen, yelSi uWerdnen, sulis amoTqmis saSualebas ar aZlevdnen da gulis wasvlamde awamebdnen. miuxedavad yvelafrisa, is mainc mtkiced inarCunebda
rwmenas da warmarTTa survilebs ar asrulebda. qalbaton
zinnires ebu jehili, gansakuTrebiT, bevrs awamebda. amotomac zinnirem mxedveloba dakarga. erTxelac ebu jehilma mas uTxra: `naxe, rogor wagarTva mxedveloba laTma da
uzzam?~ zinnirem rwmenis erTgulebis SegnebiT uTxra: `ebu
Suamavlobis misia da islamisken moxmoba
o
jehil! geficebi, ise ar aris, rogorc Sen fiqrob. laTsa da
uzzas araferi SeuZliaT, maT isic ki ar ician, vin scems maT
Tayvans da vin ara. eWvsgareSea, rom Cems gamCensa da batonpatrons Tvalis sinaTlis dabrunebis Zala Seswevs~.
ebu jehili zinnires uryevi rwmenis gamomJRavnebis gamo
gancvifrebuli darCa. allahma zinnires vedreba ismina da
adrindelze ukeTesi mxedveloba daubruna. ebu jehilma
da yuraiSma warmarTebma momxdari faqtis miuxedavad es ar
daijeres. ufro metic, Tqves: `es Suamavlis jadoqrobaa!
muhammedis gziT mavali ugunurebis ar gikvirT? misi gza
xeiriani rom yofiliyo, pirvel rigSi Cven mivyvebodiT. ra,
ubralo monam swori gza Cvenze adre ipova?.
amasTan dakavSirebiT uzenaesma allahma, ahyafis suras
me-11 aiaTi gardmoavlina: `urwmunoni morwmuneTa Sesaxeb
ase ityvian: `muhammedis motanili rwmena WeSmariti rom yofiliyo, Cven maTze ufro adre virwmunebdiT, sawadels rom ver
miaRwies `es Zveli monagoniao.~
erqamis saxli
sayvareli allahis Suamavali warmarTebis mier Tavisi
megobrebis mimarT gamoCenili despoturobis gamo, Zalian
ganawyenebuli iyo. islamis gavrcelebisa da swavlebisaTvis
usafrTxo adgili iyo saWiro. Suamavalma am Zvirfasi adgilisaTvis erqamis saxli airCia. is safas gorakis aRmosavleTiT, viwro quCaze, momaRlo adgilas idga. iqidan wminda
qaabe Zalian lamazad mosCanda. garda amisa erqami avtoritetuli da maRali Rirsebis pirovneba iyo. allahis sayvareli
Suamavali am saxlSi Tavis megobrebs islams aswavlida. vinc
islamis miRebas isurvebda, am saxlSi modioda da islamiT
gaciskrovndeboda, misi tkbilad moubari, mkurnali sityvebis mosmeniT jildovdebodnen. TiToeul sityvas lamis
ylapavdnen, ise izepirebdnen. Zvirfasi Suamavali dReebs
erqamis saxlSi atarebda da dilidan saRamomde megobrebis
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o
sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
aRzrdiT iyo dakavebuli. es iyo muslimanebis pirveli TavSeyris adgili _ `dar-ul islami~. pirveli muslimanebi aq
ikribebodnen, riTac warmarTebis yovelgvari borotebisgan
daculni iyvnen.
ammar bin iaseri moviTxrobs: `erqamis saxlSi wasvla, allahis Suamavalis naxva da islamis miReba mindoda. karebSi,
SemTxveviT, suheibes Sevxvdi. roca vkiTxe, aq ras akeTeb
meTqi, mec igive kiTxva damisva. mec allahis Suamavalis
saubris mosmena da mis winaSe islamis miReba minda meTqi _
vupasuxe. suheibemac miTxra, mec magisTvis var mosulio.
Semdeg orive, erTad wminda Suamavlis winaSe warvsdeqiT.
man islamis Sesaxeb gviambo, Cven ki didi sixaruliT miviReT es rwmena.
amis Semdeg ammars ar daumalavs, rom islami miiRo. amasTan erTad aRsaniSnavia is faqtic, rom man yvelaze met
wvalebasa da tanjvas gauZlo imisaTvis, rom islamis rwmena
SeenarCunebina. warmarTni, roca mas martod naxavdnen, Zalian bevr tanjvas ayenebdnen. mas qvian adgilas waiyvandnen,
tansacmels gaxdidnen, rkinis perangs Caacmevdnen, mxurvale mzeze datovebdnen, zogjer zurgs cecxliT udaRavdnen
xolme. mizezi yovelTvis erTi da igive iyo, uaris unda
eTqva islamze da laTsa da uzzasaTvis eca Tayvani. ammari
ki am autanel wamebas didi moTminebiT itanda da mudam ase
ambobda: `Cemi gamCeni allahia, xolo Suamavali _ muhammedi~. warmarTebs es ufro aRizianebdaT da mzeze gaxurebul
qvebs mkerdze awyobdnen, zogjer wyliT savse WaSi dasaxrCobad agdebdnen. erT dRes, roca ammari allahis Suamavlis
winaSe warsdga, uTxra: `allahis Suamavalo! warmarTebis
mier moyenebuli tanjva-wameba yovelgvar zRvars gascda.~
wminda Suamavals Zalian Seecoda ammari da uTxra: `moiTmine, iahzaris mamav!~ Semdeg ki allahs Seevedra: `Cemo gamCeno,
baton-patrono! ammaris ojaxis wevrTagan arcerTs jojoxeTis tanjva ar anaxo~.
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Suamavlobis misia da islamisken moxmoba
o
pirveli wamebuli (Sehidi)
Zvirfasi ammaris mamam iaserma, dedam sumeiiesma da Zmam
anu ojaxis yvela wevrma islami miiRo. warmarTebi ammaris
dedas, mamasa da Zmas ufro metad awamebdnen, vidre ammars.
dasjis dros aiZulebdnen, raTa allahis uarmyofi sityvebi
daecdinaT. isini ki ambobdnen: `tyvavi rom gagvaZroT da
xorci naWer-naWer dagvaWraT, Tqvens moTxovnas mainc ar SevasrulebT~ da `la ilahe illallah muhammedun resulullahs~ warmosTqvamdnen. erTxel beThad wodebul adgilas,
iaseris ojaxis yvela wevrs erTad awamebdnen, am dros iq
allahis Suamavalma gaiara da roca naxa, Tu rogor awamebdnen mis sayvarel megobrebs, Zalian ewyina. iaserma hkiTxa:
`allahis Suamavalo! sicocxle sul ase wamebaSi unda gavvlioT?~ allahis Suamavalma is daamSvida: `moiTmineT, iaseris ojaxobav! ammaris ojaxobav! gixarodeT! eWvgareSea, rom
samoTxiT dajildovdebiT~.
erT dRes, warmarTebi ammars cecxliT rom awamebdnen,
allahis Suamavali iq mivida da roca Tanamoazris tanjva
naxa, cecxls ase mimarTa: `cecxlo, rogorc wminda ibrahim
SuamavalisTvis iyavi grili da mSvidi, iseTive iyavi ammarisTvisac!~ Semdeg ammarma zurgi gamoaCian, mas cecxlis kvali
etyoboda, romelic manamdec hqonda, sanam Suamavali Seavedrebda.
erTxel iaseris ojaxi sawameblad kidev erTxel waiyvanes,
im dRes iaseri da misi Svili, abdullahi isriT gangmires.
ebu jehilma wminda sumeiies fexebze Toki miaba, es Toki
aqlemebs gamoaba da cxovelebi sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT gareka da aseTi tanjviT mokla es gmiri qali. roca allahis
Suamavalma da misma keTilma megobrebma gaiges, rom iaseris
ojaxi umowyalo, despot ebu jehilsa da sxva warmarTebs
sasikvdilod ewamebinaT, Zalian ganawyendnen. es SemTxveva
megobrebis urTierTSekavSirebisa da gaZlierebis sababi
gaxda.
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
eshabi qiramis wevrebi erTxel ganmartoebul adgilas wavidnen da iq farulad daiwyes locva. am dros kidev ebi vayyasi, said bin zeidi, abdullah bin mesudi, ammar bin iaseri,
habbib bin ereTi meqqas erT-erT dablob, ebu dubbad wodebul adgilas loculobdnen. amave dros maTTan warmarTebi mividnen, romlebmac dacinva da Seuracyofis miyeneba
daiwyes. saad bin ebi vayyasma da misma megobrebma ver aitanes dacinva da warmarTT Tavs daesxnen. saads xelT aqlemis
Zvali mohyva, aiRo, warmaTs TavSi Caartya da orad gaupo.
es rom naxes, warmarTebi SeSindnen da iqidan gaiqcnen. ase
daRvares muslimanebma pirvelad warmarTis sisxli.
ebu zerr-il-Rifaris gamuslimaneba
xalxisgan TiTo-orola WeSmariti sarwmuneobis gzas daadga. islamis sxivi meqqas sazRvrebs gascda da misi gavrcelebiT samyaros ganaTeba daiwyo.
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warmarTebi islamis aRmavlobisa da gavrcelebis winaaRmdeg brZolas axali ZaliT Seudgnen. rogorc iqna, am ambavma
beni Rifaris tomamde miaRwia. ebu zerr-il-Rifarma es ambavi rom gaigo, Tavisi Zma, uneisi, maSinve viTarebis gasarkvevad, meqqaSi gaagzavna. uneisi meqqaSi mivida da allahis
Suamavlis mejliss daeswro. igi gaocebuli dabrunda samSobloSi. ebu zermis kiTxvaze, ra ambavi moitaneo, uneisma
upasuxa: `geficebi, Suamavali Rirseuli adaminia, xalxs sul
sikeTisken da borotebisgan Sors dgomisaken mouwodebs~.
ebu zerr-il-Rifarma kvlav hkiTxa: `kargi, magram xalxi mis
Sesaxeb ras ambobs?~ Zmam upasuxa: `misi sityvebi mkiTxavebis an grZneulebis sityvebs ara hgavs. garda amisa, misi gamonaTqvamebi poetebis yvelanair leqsebs Sevadare, magram
poetebis sityvebsac ar hgavs. misi Seudarebeli sityvebi
aravisas Seedreba. vficav, is pirovneba simarTles laparakobs da WeSmaritebas acnobs xalxs. vinc mas ar daujerebs,
Semcdari da gzas acdenilia~.
Suamavlobis misia da islamisken moxmoba
o
ebu zerr-il-Rifarma am ambavis mosmenis Semdeg gadawyvita, meqqaSi wasuliyo, wminda muhammedi moenaxulebina da
islami miieRo. xeljoxi aiRo da meqqas gzas gaudga. iq rom
Cavida, survili veravis gaumxila. vinaidan warmarTebi sayvarel Suamavals da muslimanebs sastikad emterebodnen.
amasTan erTad muslimanTa tanjvasac dRiTi-dRe aZlierebdnen. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, gansakuTrebiT martoxela
da uTvistomo muslimanebs awamebdnen. ebu zeri uTvistomo
gaxldaT, amitomac meqqaSi veravis icnobda da arc arvisze
araferi ukiTxavs. qaabesTan SuamavalTan Sexvedris xelsayrel dros elodeboda, im niSans eZebda, romelic Suamavlis
iq yofnas mianiSnebda.
saRamos, erTi quCis kuTxeSi, ebu zeri ganmartoebuli
ijda. wminda alim SeniSna ebu zeri, mixvda, rom is uTvistomo kaci iyo da saxlSi waiyvana. im Rames wminda alis misTvis
araferi ukiTxavs da verc ebu zerma auxsna veraferi. meore
dRes isev qaabeSi mivida, imave adgilas Camojda da Suamavlis
mibrZanebas elodeboda, magram amaod. meore Rames wminda
alim isev miipatiJa saxlSi. arc meore Rames ukiTxavs misTvis alis araferi. bolos, mesame Ramesac rom igive ganmeorda, alim hkiTxa, Tu saidan iyo mosuli da ra saqme hqonda.
ebu zerma uTxra: Tu mtkiced dampirdebi, rom aravis etyvi,
agixsnio. wminda ali dapirda aravis vetyvio. amis Semdeg ebu
zerma uambo mosvlis mizezi da daamata: `gavige aq Suamavali
gamoCenila, masTan Sesaxvedrad var mosuli~, alim Seaqo, Sen
Wkvianurad moiqceulxar, swored im adgilas xar mosulio
Semdeg daariga: `axla me masTan mivdivar, gamomyevi da sadac
waval, iq wamodi Senc. gzad, Tu SevamCnev, rom vinmem ziani
unda mogayenos, ise moviqcevi, TiTqos fexsacmels visworeb
da Sen, am dros, me aRar damelodo da gamaswari!~
ebu zerr-il-Rifarma alis gahyva da bolos, rogorc
iqna, allahis Suamavlis lamazi saxis naxvis pativi xvda wilad. `esselamu aleiqum~ _ es islamSi pirveli selami iyo
da ebu zeri ki pirveli mimsalmebeli pirovneba gaxda. al-
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
lahis Suamavalma selami miiRo da uTxra: `uzenaesi allahis gwyalobdes!~ Semdeg, roca Suamavalma vinaoba hkiTxa,
man upasuxa: `me Rifaris tomidan var~ `ramdeni xania, rac aq
xar?~ _ SeekiTxa Suamavali. `sami dRe da Ramea aq var~ _ upasuxa stumarma. `vin dagapura am dReebSi?~ _ `zemzemis garda
sxva saWmeli da sasmeli ver vipove, zemzems rom davlevdi, arc
SimSili da arc wyurvili ar mawuxebda~. Suamavalma brZana:
`diax, zemzemi dalocvilia, mSivrebs daapurebs~. bolos ebu
zerma allahis Suamavals Txova, rom misTvis islami eswavlebina. Suamavalma mas rwmenis aRiarebis formula (qelimei
SeahdeTi) waukiTxa, stumarma gaimeora Suamavlis naTqvami,
islamiT gasxivosnda da pirvel muslimanTa rigebSi daikava
adgili.
rodesac ebu zerr-il-Rifarma islami miiRo, allahis Suamavals uTxra: `allahis Suamavalo! uzenaes allahs vficav,
rom me es warmarTTa Soris aSkarad unda vaRiaro~ Semdeg
qaabesTan mivida da xmamaRali xmiT warmosTqva: `eShedu en
lailahe illallah ve eShedu enne muhammedun abduhu ve
resuluhu” (mowme var rom ar arsebobs RvTaeba, garda allahisa da kidev mowme var, rom muhammedi misi msaxuri da
Suamavalia)~. warmarTebma, gaigones Tu ara es, maSinve qviT,
joxiT, Zvlebis natexebiT Tavs daesxen da sul daasisxlianes. es mdgomareoba abbasma rom naxa, warmarTebs uTxra:
`ras akeTebT, am kacis mokvla gindaT? es kaci, sadac Tqven
yovelTvis qaravnebiT gaivliT, im gzis piras mcxovrebi
tomidanaa. amis mere iqiT veRar gaivliT~. abbasma amjerad
stumari warmarTebis xelidan gadaarCina, magram ebu zeri
islamis miRebiT imdenad aRfrTovanebuli iyo, rom erT adgilas ver Cerdeboda. meore dRes isev wavida qaabaSi da rwmenis aRiarebis formula (qelimei SeahdeTi) xmamaRali xmiT
iyvira. warmarTebma amjeradac ise sastikad scemes, rom is
Zirs daeca da veRar dgeboda. aqac abbasma miuswro da gadaarCina.
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ebu zerr-il-Rifars sayvarelma allahis Suamavalma mis
Suamavlobis misia da islamisken moxmoba
o
tomTan dabruneba da islamis gavrceleba daavala. ebu zeri,
Suamavlis davalebis Sesasruleblad, Tavis toms daubrunda. maT uzenaesi allahis erTaderTobisa da muhammedis
Suamavlobis Sesaxeb auwya. garda amisa, xalxs auxsna, rom
rac icoda, yvelaferi simarTle iyo da kerpebi, romlebsac
Tayvans scemdnen, mxolod usargeblo da umniSvnelo sagnebi
iyo.. xalxmraval msmenelTagan erTma nawilma protestis
niSnad Selaparakeba gadawyvita, magram iqve tomis liderma, haffafma gaaCuma isini da Tqva:` gaCerdiT, movusminoT,
vnaxoT, zerma ras unda mogviyves~. amis Semdeg ebu zerma
saubari gaagrZela:
`sanam islams miviRebdi, erT dRes, nuhemis kerpTan mivedi
da win rZe davugi. Semdeg davinaxe, Tu rogor miuaxlovda
kerps ZaRli, rZe Seusva da daabinZura. maSin davrwmundi,
rom kerps imis Zalac ki ar Seswevda, rom ZaRlis moqmedeba Seeferxebina. ver gamigia, kerps, romelsac ZaRlic ki
Seuracxhyofs, rogor vemsaxuroT? rogor mogwonT masze
Tayvanis cema? es ar aris sisulele? da Tqven amas scemT
Tayvans~. yvela Tavdaxrili usmenda. Semdeg erT-erTma
hkiTxa: `ki magram, Sen rom Suamavalze laparakob, is ras
gvacnobebs? rogor gaige, rom is simarTles laparakobs?~
ebu zerma xmamaRali xmiT islami vrclad gaacno misulT
da upasuxa: `is gvacnobebs, rom allahis erTaderTia, mis
garda sxva RvTaeba ar arsebobs, yvelafris gamCeni da baton-patron is aris... adamianebs masze dajerebisaken, sikeTisaken, kargi zneobisaken, urTierTdaxmarebisaken mouwodebs. qaliSvilebis cocxlad damarxvis, yvela borotebis,
usamrTlobis, Smagobis sazizRrobisagan Sors dgomasa da
sifrTxilisken mogviwodebs. tomebSi arsebuli mcdari religiuri Sexedulebebi saTiTaod CamoTvala~. Semdeg zerma
isaubra imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra ziani mohqonda yvelafers amas
maTTvis saubris dasrulebis Semdeg, tomis lideris, haffafis meTaurobiT uamravma adamianma miiRo islami.
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
qaabeSi saxalxod yuranis kiTxva
eshabi qiramis xalxi erT dRes ganmartoebulad Sekrebiliyo da erTmaneTSi laparakobdnen: `vficav, allahis Suamavlis garda, yureiSel warmarTTa gasagonad yuranis kiTxva
veravin ver gabeda. netavi aris iseTi vinme, rom warmarTTa
gasagonad aSkarad yurani qerimi ikiTxos?~ iqve abdullah
bin mes’udic imyofeboda. man Tqva: `me vikiTxav yurans maT
gasagonad~ megobarTagan zogierTma mas mimarTa: `abdullah!
vSiSobT, rom warmarTni zians mogayeneben, Cven iseTi vinme
gvinda, rom saWiroebis dros warmarTTa Soris damcveli,
damxmare xalxi gyavdes~. abdullah bin mes’udma daJinebiT
moiTxova: `neba momeciT, waval, diadi allahi me damicavs~.
meore dRes, SuadRisas mayami ibrahimTan mivida. warmarTebi iq iyvnen Sekrebilni. abdullah ibni mes’udma allahis
saxeli axsena da rahmanis suras kiTxva daiwyo. warmarTebma
erTi meores Sexedes da Tqves: `ras ambobs ummu abdis Svili?
etyoba muhammedis motanil raRaceebs kiTxulobs~. Semdeg
ki Tavs daesxnen da muStis, wixlis, xelis dartymebma mas
saxe da Tvalebi ise daulurja, rom veravin veRar icnobda.
miuxedavd wixlebisa da muStebis TavSi cemisa, is kiTxvas
mainc ganagrZobda. roca megobrebTan dabrunda da maT aseT
mdgomareobaSi naxes, Zalian ewyinaT da Tqves: `Cvenc zustad amisi gveSinoda, racmogivida~.
momxdaris gamo abdullah bin mes’udi sruliad ar iyo danaRvlianebuli. man Tqva: `allahis mtrebi ase sustad jer ar
minaxavs, Tu isurvebT, xval maT gasagonad kvlav vikiTxav~.
megobrebma uari uTxres: `ara, SenTvis es sakmarisia, Sen xom
is moasmenine warmarTebs, risi gagonebac ar moswonT~.
tufeil bin amris gamuslimaneba
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sayvareli allahis Suamavali meqqaSi, islamis aSkarad
gavrcelebis wlebSi, dRedaRame xalxs rCeva-darigebebs aZlevda da maT islamisken mouwodebda. meqqeli warmarTebi
Suamavlobis misia da islamisken moxmoba
o
yvelafers akeTebdnen imisaTvis, raTa allahis Suamavlis
garjas amaod Caevlo da mizans ver mieRwia. vinc mis naTqvams daijerebda da iwamebda, yovelgvar tyuils, ciliswamebas abralebdnen da awamebdnen. roca dainaxavdnen, rom
vinme SuamavalTan mividoda da Sexvdeboda, maSinve masTan
garbodnen da eubnebodnen, rom mmisTvis ar moesminaT, ar
daejerebinaT. amisaTvis yovelgvar tyuilsa da Ralats mimarTavdnen. sxva qalaqidan mosulebis mimarTac yvelafers
akeTebdnen, rom Suamavals ar Sexvedrodnen.
maSin, roca muslimanebi urwmunoTagan tanjva-wvalebaSi
imyofebodnen, tufeil ed-devsi meqqaSi Camovida. roca es
warmarTebma dainaxes, masTan meTauri gagzavnes da gaafrTxilebines: `tufeil! Cvens saxelmwifoSi Camoxvedi. aq, CvenTan,
abdulmuttalibis obols, gasaocari Tvisebi axasiaTebs.
misi naTqvami sityvebi jadosnuria, Svils _ mamas, Zmas _
Zmas da qmars _ cols aSorebs. mogonili azrebiT qveyana
aria. misi sityvebis momsmeni Svili mamas aRar afasebs da
mxolod mas emorCileba, sxvas aravis usmens da muslimani
xdeba. vSiSobT, rom Cvens Tavs damtydari ubedureba, Sen da
Sens xalxsac ar dagatydeT Tavs. Cvengan darigebad miiRe,
frTxilad iyavi, mas ar Sexvde, ar elaparako. arc mas rame
uTxra da arc misi sityva moismino. rasac hyveba yuardReba
ar miaqcio. Zalian yuradRebiT iyavi, didxans nuRar darCebi, axlave adeqi da wadi!~ am ambis Sesaxeb tufeil bin amri
ase mogviTxrobs:
`geficebiT da geubnebiT, es sityvebi imdenjer gamimeores, rom gadavwyvite arasodes Sevxvedrodi Suamavals da
misTvis saerTod ar momesmina. uaresic, roca qaabaSi Sevdiodi, meSinoda misi sityvebi uceb ar momesmas-meTqi da
yurebSi bambas vikeTebdi. erT dRes qaabaSi wavedi, allahis
Suamavali davinaxe, iq iyo da loculobda, masTan axlos
gavCerdi, uzenaesi allahis nebiT, rasac kiTxulobda, cotaodeni momesma. ver warmoidgenT, raoden lamazi iyo is
sityvebi, mere CemTvis Cavilaparake: `iseTi adamiani ara var,
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
rom kargsa da cuds ver vamCnevde-meTqi. poeti var. ratom
ar unda movismino misi sityvebi? Tu momewoneba, gaviTaviseb, Tu ar momewoneba, ukuvagdeb. Semdeg, cota xniT, iqve
davimale da manamde vuTvalTvalebdi allahis Suamavals,
sanam locvas morCa da saxlSi wavida. Semdeg ukan gavyevi,
saxlSi rom Sevida, mec Sevyevi da vuTxari: `Zvirfaso muhammed! me roca am qalaqSi movedi, Senma xalxma me sul sxva ram
miTxra Senze. mirCies, rom Sengan Tavi Sors dameWira, Seni
sityvebi rom ar gamegona, yurebSi bamba gavikeTe, magram
uzenaesma allahma Seni sityvebisgan mcire nawilis mosmeniT
damajildova. me is sityvebi Zalian momewona. amis Semdeg,
rasac mibrZaneb, mzad var yvelaferi davijero da Sevasrulo~. allahis Suamavalma islami amixsna, Semdeg yuranic
wamikiTxa. geficebiT, sicocxleSi masze ufro lamazi sityva ar msmenia. maSinve qelimei SehadeTi warmovsTqvi da
gavmuslimandi.
maSin vuTxari: `allahis Suamavalo! me Cems xalxSi dafasebuli kaci var, xalxi Cems naTqvams ar gadauxvevs. wavide da
maTac movuwodo islamisken? SeavedreT allahs, rom CemTvis raRac saswauli moaxdinos, rom xalxis islamisken moxmoba gamiadvildes~. am Txovnis Semdeg Suamavali Seevedra:
`Cemo allaho! misTvis saswauli moavline!~
amis Semdeg samSobloSi davbrundi. bneli Rame iyo, roca
Cems xalxs mivuaxlovdi. isini im dros wyarosTan isxdnen.
uceb, Cemi Sublidan, lamparis msgavsi sxivi gamoCnda da
naTeba daiwyo. maSin Sevevedre: `Cemo allaho! es sxivi sxva
adgilas gadaadgile! devsis tomis umecrebmac dainaxon da
Cemze ar ifiqron, rom rjulis Secvlis gamo, RmerTma, sasjelis saxiT, Sublidan sxivi waarTvao!~ maSinve is sxivi Cems
maTraxs moedo da lampariviT daekida. roca toms ufro
davuaxlovdi da zevidan daRma svla daviwye, iq myofni erTi
meores mnaTob lampars aCvenebdnen. aseT mdgomareobaSi da100 bla Cavedi da saxlSi mivedi. im wamsve mama movida CemTan da
n
Suamavlobis misia da islamisken moxmoba
o
aseT mdgomareobaSi rom mnaxa, kiserze Semomexvia. mamaCemi
Zalian moxucebuliyo, mas vuTxari: `Cemo mamiko! rogorc
adre iyavi, ise Tu darCebi, me Sengan ar viqnebi ukmayofilo,
Sen ki Cemgan ar darCebi nawyeni!~ mamam mkiTxa: `ra xdeba,
Svilo, ra aris aseTi saubris mizezi?~ vupasuxe: `me ukve
wminda muhammedis rjuli miviRe, gavmuslimandi~. man miTxra: `Tu egrea, Svilo, mec gavmuslimandebi da Seni rjuli
Cemic iyos~. mamam qelimei SehadeTi warmosTqva da muslimanTa rigebSi Sevida. rac vicodi, mas vaswavle. Semdeg daibana
da sufTa tansacmeli Caicva. amis Semdeg meuRles movuyevi
yvelaferi. isic dameTanxma da muslimani gaxda.
roca gaTenda, devsis sazogadoebaSi gavedi. mTel devisis
toms islami gavacani da misken movuxme. magram jeri rom
islamis miRebaze midga, mZime mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndnen.
ufro meti, didxans winaaRmdegni iyvnen. borot da codvil
saqqmeebisgan xeli ver aiRes. didxans damcinodnen. procentiTa da azartuli TamaSebiT dabeCavebulebs, Cemi naTqvami
ver Sevasmine. islams gaeqcnen da allahis Suamavali ar scnes.
ramdenime xnis Semdeg meqqaSi wavedi da Cems xalxs allahis SuamavalTan vuCivle: `allahis Suamavalo! devsis tomi
allahs ar daemorCila, Cemi mowodeba ar daijeres, islami
ar miiRes. gTxov, maTTvis Seevedro allahs!~ yvelas mimarT
wyalobiTa da gulisxmierebiT gamsWvalulma sayvarelma
Suamavalma xelebi yiblisken aRapyro da Seevedra: `Cemo
gamCeno, baton-patrono! devsis xalxs swori gza aCvene, isini islamiT gaaciskrovne~. Semdeg me momibrunda da miTxra:
`axla isev Sens xalxTan dabrundi, maTi islamisken mowodeba
tkbili eniTa da momRimari saxiT gaagrZele, maT kargad moeqeci~. Semdeg samSobloSi davbrundi da gavagrZele Cemi tomis islamisken mowodeba. amjerad Cemi garja dafasda~.
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
mowodeba bazrobebze
yovel wels, sxvadasxva adgilebidan adamianebi, wminda
qaabas mosanaxuleblad, meqqaSi modiodnen. allahis sayvareli Suamavali maT xvdeboda da islams acnobda, auwyebda
allahis erTaderTobas, da imas, rom gadarCenis, erTaderTi gza islami iyo.
erTxel velid bin muRirem warmarTebi Sekriba da uTxra:
`yureiSelo sazogadoebav! isev dadga qaabas monaxulebis
tardiciuli dro. muhammedis xma mTelma qveyanam gaigo! ueWvelia, arabi tomebi masTan movlen, mousmenen, misi tkbili
sityvebi maT aRafrTovanebs da islamis rjuls miiReben.
amisaTvis garkveuli zomebis miReba gvmarTebs. yvela gaverTiandeT da mis Sesaxeb iseTi ram movigonoT, rom xalxis
winaSe Cven matyuarebi ar gamovideT~. yureiSelebma ase upasuxes: `bdiSSemsis mamav! Cvens Soris, yvelaze mowinave Sexedulebis mqone Sen xar. Sen rasac ityvi, Cvenc imaze davTanxmdebiT~. gadawyvites allahis SuamavlisTvis mkiTxavi
ewodebinaT, magram velidi ar daeTaxma da Tqva: `ara, geficebiT, is mkiTxavi ara aris, Cven uamravi mkiTxavi gvinaxavs,
isini simarTles Tu tyuils mourideblad amboben. rasac
muhammedi kiTxulobs, mkiTxavebis SeTxzuls srulebiT ara
hgavs. viciT, rom dRemde muhammedis tyuili ar gvsmenia,
aseT rames Tu vityviT aravin dagvijerebs~. danarCenebma
tqves, maSin giJi an gadareuli vuwodoTo. velidi maT isev
SeewinaaRmdega: `ara, geficebiT, rom is arc giJia da arc
gadareuli. Cven giJebi da gadareulebi gvinaxavs, maT igi
srulebiT ar hgavs. ase rom vTqvaT, matyuarebs gviwodeben~. maSin yureiSelebma SesTavazes, poeti vuwodoTo. velidi arc am azrs daeTanxma. Cven, yovelgvari poeziis kargad gagvegeba, rasac is kiTxulobs, leqsebTan raime saerTo
ara aqvs. velidma SuamvlisTvis arc jadoqrobis dabralebis
idea moiwona da Tqva: `Cven uamravi grZneuli da gakeTebuli jadoebic gvinaxavs. mis sityvebSi aranairi jado ar
102 igulisxmeba. muhammedis sityvebi mTel qveyanaze warmate-
n
Suamavlobis misia da islamisken moxmoba
o
bulia da mas kargad icnoben. xalxs gansxvavebul azrs ver
avukrZalavT. adamianebi yvelafers TavianTi Sexedulebebis
Sesabamisad ityvian. garda amisa, mWermetyvelebaSi, enawylianobasa da gamoTqmiT laparakSi, yvela Tanatols sjobs.
erTi sityviT, rac unda vuwodoT, xalxi gaigebs rom vtyuivarT~. bolos, roca yureiSelebma sxva veraferi moigones,
velids uTxres: `Cvens Soris, yvelaze ufrosi da gamocdili, Sen xar. Sen rasac ityvi, Tanaxma viqnebiT~.
velidma cota xnis fiqris Semdeg, Tqva: `yvelafers jobia, isev grZneuli, jadoqari vuwodoT. vfiqrob, es yvelaze
ufro Seefereba mas, radgan Tavisi sityvebiT da qmedebiT
xalxs erTmaneTisgan, naTesavebisagan aSorebs. Zmebsa da megobrebs Soris sicives agdebs~. am sityvebiT man yvela waaqeza. yureiSelebi maSinve daiSalnen da meqqaSi yvelas gaagebines, muhammedi grZneuliao. qaabas mosanaxuleblad mosul
xalxs win gadaeRobebodnen da afrTxilebdnen, rom allahis
Suamavals ar Sexvedrodnen.
miuxedavad warmarTebis aseTi qmedebebisa, islamis Sesaxeb
yvelam gaigo, da adamianTa gonebaSi, kerpebis mimarT, kiTxvis niSani daisva.
warmarTTagan wminda yuranis mosmena
warmarTTagan avtoritetuli pirovnebebi sxvadasxva TaRliTobiTa da despotizmiT adamianebs WeSmariti rwmenis miRebis gzas uRobavdnen. meqqel xalxs, roca wminda muhammedi yurans kiTxulobda, mosmenis saSualebas ar aZlevdnen.
isini allahis Suamavlis saxlTan mividodnen, kuTxeSi miimalebodnen da farulad usmendnen. rodesac gaTendeboda da garemos Suqi moefineboda, TiToeuli farulad misuli erTmaneTs arcxvenda. mere ityodnen, ase meorejer
aRar gavimeoroTo, magram meore Ramesac igive meordeboda.
erTmaneTis farulad midiodnen da yurans usmendnen. diliT erTmaneTs rom xedavdnen, Secbunebulebi iyurebod-
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
nen. erTxel kidev Sehficebdnen erTmaneTs, rom ase aRar
gavakeToTo, magram mainc midiodnen da yurans usmendnen.
miuxedavad amisa, mainc ar aRiarebdnen islams, radgan sulieri moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebaze iyvnen ayolilebi,
sakuTar Tavs sxvebze maRla ayenebdnen, eSinodaT imisa, rom
sxva warmarTebi maT Searcxvendnen. amis gamo sxvebsac xels
uSlidnen da uaressac akeTebdnen, quCa-quCa dadiodnen da
yvirodnen, muhammedi grZneulia.
erT saRamos warmarTebi qaabasTan Seikribnen da gadawyvites, muhammeds SevxvdeT da sanam sxvebi gaigeben da gagvkicxaven, am sakiTxze velaparakoTo. SeTanxmdenen da allahis Suamavals kaci gaugzavnes. dapatiJebisTanave sayvareli
Suamavali qaabaSi mivida da warmarTTa win dajda. maT uTxres: `muhammed! Cven SenTan SeTanxmeba davisaxeT miznad. geficebiT, rom arabTa Soris, xalxis SarSi gamxvevi, SenisTana
adamiani jer ar gamoCenila! Sen, Cveni rjuli Seuracxhyavi!
RmerTebs ena waugrZele! Cveni Wkua ar moiwone! erTmaneTisagan gagvye da erTmaneTs gadagvkide! iseTi cudi saqmeebi
gagvikeTe, meti rom ar SeiZleba! Sen, Tu aseTi qmedebebiT
da saubrebiT gamdidreba ginda, rasac isurveb, imaze met
qonebas SegigrovebT. Tu amiT ginda, rom saxeli moixveWo
da reputacia aimaRlo, Cvens batonad gcnobT, Tu ki mefoba ginda mefed gamogacxadebT da Sens irgvliv SevikribebiT. SemTxveviT, raimes zegavlenis qveS Tu xar moqceuli,
misganac gadagarCenT. jinebisgan Separebuli avadmyofoba
Tu dagemarTa, Sens gamosajanmrTeleblad yovelgvar simdidres gaviRebT! oRond qadagebasa da xalxis axali religiisaken mowodebas SeeSvi~ aseTi iyo warmarTTa daJinebuli
moTxovna.
qveynierebis batonma maT didi moTminebiT mousmina, dabolos, SesaniSnavi pasuxi gasca: `yureiSelo xalxo! rac
Tqven TqviT, CemSi msgavsic araferi aris. me, Tqven mogitaneT,
mis sanacvlod, arc Tqveni fuli, arc saxelis moxveWa da arc
104 mefoba Rirs. uzenaesma allahma mxoloddamxolod Tqvens
n
Suamavlobis misia da islamisken moxmoba
o
Suamavlad momavlina, wminda wigni miboZa da mibrZana: Tqveni
(morwmuneTa) maxarobeli, xolo maT (urwmunoTa) mimarT jojoxeTiT damSinebeli vyofiliyavi. mec, allahis es brZaneba,
Tqven gadmogeciT, dagarigeT. Tu iwamebT mas, rac mogitaneT,
is TqvenTvis am qveynisa da saiqios xvedriTi wili da sagzali
iqneba. Tu ki ar iwamebT da urhyofT mas, gamCenis nebiT, sanam
Tqvens Soris viqnebi, Cemze davalebulis sisruleSi moyvanas
Sevecdebi~.
ebu jehilma, umeiie bin xalefma da sxva warmarTebma uTxres: `kargad ici, rom cxovrebis mxriv, Cvenze ufro rTul
pirobebSi aravin cxovrobs. radgan allahis Suamavali xar,
iTxove gamCenisgan da es mTebi, romlebic cxovrebis pirobebs gvirTulebs, moaSoros, samSoblo gagvifarTovos, damaskosa da erayis msgavsad mdinareebi mogvces. garda amisa,
qusai bin qilabTan erTad, zogierTi Cveni winapari gaacoxlos, vinaidan qusai bin qilabi didi simarTlis mTqmeli iyo,
Sen marTals ambob, Tu tyuils, yvelaferi mas vkiTxoT! im
pirobiT, Tu is Sen dagemowmeba da Cven moTxovnebsac Seasruleb, Cvenc gamogyvebiT Sen gzaze. amasTan erTad RvTis
winaSe Sen movaleobasa da damsaxurebas gavigebT. Tu CvenTvis amas ar gaakeTeb, maSin SenTvis Txove rame, magaliTad angelozis gamogzavna, romelic Cvengan dagicavs da Seni qadagebis sisworeSi dagvarwmunebs! amasaTan erTad Sens gamCens
sTxove, baRebi, sasaxleebi da xazinebi mogces raTa gaWirvebisagan ixsna Tavi. radgan Senc, CvensaviT, bazarSi dadixar
da lukma purisTvis zrunav~.
allahis sayvarelma Suamavalma maT aseTi pasuxi gasca:
`me TqvenTan imsaTvis ar movlenilvar, rogorc Tqven gaqvT
warmodgenili. is risTvisac uzenaesma allahma TqvenTan momavlina, sul sxva mizans isaxavs. uzenaesisgan mxolod is mogitaneT da gacnobeT, rac sruli WeSmaritebaa. me gamCenisTvis
raimes (qonebisa da simdidris) mTxovneli adamiani ar var. misgan nabrZanebi maqvs: Tqveni (morwmuneTa) maxarobeli, xolo
maTi (urwmunoTa) jojoxeTiT damSinebeli viyo. mec, allahis 105
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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es brZaneba, Tqven gadmogeciT, dagarigeT. Tu iwamebT mas, rac
mogitaneT, is TqvenTvis, am qveynaSic da saiqioSic, sagzali iqneba. Tu ar iwamebT da uarhyofT mas, maSin samudamod daisjebiT, me ki gamCenis nebiT, sanam Tqvens Soris viqnebi, Sevecdebi
rom Cemi movaleoba pirnaTlad Sevasrulo~.
warmarTebma amjerad uTxres: `radgan Seni gamCeni, rasac
isurvebs, ueWvelad Seasrulebs, Txove es mTa daSalos da
Tavze dagvayaros. amas Tu ar gaakeTeb, Cven Sen arasodes dagijerebT~. Suamavalma miugo: `es, rac Tqven mTxoveT, allahis saqmea, is, Tu isurvebs, eWvgareSea, gaakeTebs~. warmarTebma
amiT ar dakmayofildnen, ufro Sors Setopes da uTxres:
`muhammed! Cven SenTan erTad rom unda gvesaubra, kiTxvebi
rom unda dagvesva da raRaceebi rom unda mogveTxova Sengan,
icoda Senma gamCenma? ratom ar gacnoba adre? roca Cven
islams agvixsnidi, Cveni daujereblobis SemTxvevaSi, Cvens
mimarT rogor unda moqceuliyavi, ratom ar gacnoba? Seni
sityvebis simarTleSi dasarwmuneblad, sanam mowmeebad angelozebs moiyvan, ar dagijerebT! ukve, Sens mimarT, aranairi
pasuxismgebloba aRar dagvrCenia… geficebiT, rom amis Semdeg, sayelodan xels aRar gagiSvebT. Cven Sen mogspobT, an
Sen Cven~... maSin, roca isini Suamavals unda miaxloebodnen,
piriqiT moxda, yvela erTad gaSorda iqaurobas. amis Semdeg
Suamavalma iqauroba male datova.
roca meqqelma warmarTebma samyaros Suamavali uarhyves,
maSin uzenaesma allahma angeloz jebrailis meSveobiT zeSTagoneba gardmoavlina. warmarTebs aiaTebiT pasuxi gasca.
maT momavali mware sasjelis Sesaxeb acnoba. en’amis sures
4-5 aiaTebi gamoucxada, sadac uzenaesi allahi ase brZanebs:
`da ar yofila gardmovlenili maTze erti saswaulic ki
maTi uflis saswaulTagan rom isini am saswaulis winaaRmdegni ar yofiliyvnen.
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crud Seracxes WeSmariteba, rac mieboZaT da male muvaT am-
Suamavlobis misia da islamisken moxmoba
o
bebi imisa rasac masxrad igdebdnen.~
garda amisa amave suras 10-11 aiaTebSi brZanebs:
`masxrad igdebdnen Suamavlebs Senze uwinac da Tavs gadaxdebaT maT vinc amasxrebda, is, rasac amasxrebdnen.
uTxari movleT dedamiwa da ixileT rogori iyo bolo (Wesmaritebis) sicrueT SemracxavTa.~
warmarTebma, maT Sesaxeb movlenili aiaTebis gamo, mtrobas umates. gansakuTrebiT, ubei bin halefi da misi Zma umeiie allahis Suamavals Zalian did tkivils ayenebdnen.
erTxel, bedkruli ubei, dampali ZvliT xelSi, Suamavlis
winaSe warsdga da uTxra: `muhammed! Turme es Zvali roca
Seni gamCeni gaacocxlebs mas, anu Sen ggonia, rom gaxrwnis
Semdeg, gamCeni gaacocxlebs adamians?~ Semdeg Zvali dafSvna da misi mtveri SeberviT sayvareli Suamavlisken gafanta.
kvlav hkiTxa: `muhammed! es ase rom gaixrwneba, vis SeuZlia
misi gacocxleba?~ allahis sayvarelma Suamavalma brZana:
`diax, uzenaesi allahi Senc wagarTmevs suls da masac... Semdeg
Sen gagacocxlebs da jojoxeTSi gikravs Tavs~. am movlenasTan dakavSirebiT uzenaesma allahma is wminda aiaTi moavlina, romlis mniSvneloba Semdegia: `im (uarmyof) adamianma
ar icis, rom is sisxlis nekertisgan gavaCine~.
halid bin sa’id’is rwmena
halid bin sa’id’s, islamze mowodebis pirvel wlebSi, Semdegi sizmari naxa. jojoxeTis piras idga. am dros mamisma misTvis xelis kvra da gadagdeba scada, zustad maSin,
allahis muamavals, welze xeli Semouxvevia da jojoxeTSi Cavardnisgan gadaurCenia. halids kiviliT gamoeRviZa da
TavisTvis Cailaparaka: `vficav, es sizmari marTalia!~ saxlidan gareT gamovida, ebu beqirs Sexvda da sizmari mouyva.
man uTxra: `sizmrad rac ixile, marTalia! eg kaci allahis
Suamavalia. axlave wadi da misi mimdevari gaxdi. mis mier
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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motanili rjulisa iwame da masTan erTad darCi. is, rogorc
sizmarSi, jojoxeTSi Cavardnisagan dagifaravs~.…
halid bin sa’id’i sizmris zegavlenis qveS iyo moqceuli.
maSinve ejdad wodebul adgilas, allahis Suamavlis winaSe
warsdga da hkiTxa: `muhammed! Sen adamianebs risken mouwodeb?~ allahis Suamavalma miugo: `me adamianebs tolisa da
sworis armyole, erTaderTi allahisa da mis msaxur, Suamaval
muhammedis rwmenisken vuxmob. garda amisa, smenisa da mxedvelobis armqone, aranairi zianisa da sargeblobis momtan, masze
Tayvaniscemcemlis Tu misi uarmyofis Sesaxeb arafris mcodne, mTeli rigi qvebis namtvrevebze Tayvaniscemisgan Sors dgomisaken movuwodeb~. halid bin sa’id’ma maSinve miugo: `mec
mowme var, rom ar arsebobs saTayvano RvTaeba garda uzenaesi allahisa da mowme var, rom Sen misi Suamavali xar!~.
ase man, qelimei SehadeTi warmoTqva da muslimanTa rigebSi
Sevida. mis mier islamis miRebam allahis Suamavali Zalian
gaaxara. halid bin sa’id’is Semdeg misi meuRle umeiiec islamiT gaciskrovnda.
halid bin sa’id’s undoda, rom mis Zmebsac mieRoT islami
da amisaTvis bevrs zrunavda. maTgan omer bin sa’id’ma aRiara
islami. muslimanebis sastikma mterma, maTma mamam, ebu uhaiam, roca halidisa da omeris gamuslimanebisa da meqqas ganmartoebul adgilas locvis Sesaxeb Seityo, maTtan maSinve
aramuslimani Svilebi gagzavna da moayvanina. maT gauwyra
da scema kidec, Semdeg axladmiRebuli rwmenis uaryofa
moTxova. amis Semdeg halid bin sa’id’s hkiTxa: `Sen muhammedis mimdevari gaxdi? maSin, roca xedav, rom is Seni xalxis
sawinaaRmdegod moqmedebs, Tavisi motanili rjuliT Cvens
kerpebsa da winaprebs Seuracxyofs~. am sityvebis mosmenis
Semdeg halid bin sa’idma mamas uTxra: `geficebi, rom muhammedi simarTles ambobs, me ukve misi mimdevari gavxdi, amis
Semdeg ki, Tavs gavwirav da rjuls aRar Sevicvli~. am sityvebma mama ufro gaabraza da Svils joxi gatexvamde urtya,
108 Semdeg ki uTxra: `uvargiso, gaugonaro Svilo! sadac ginda
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Suamavlobis misia da islamisken moxmoba
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iq wadi, geficebi, Sen purs aRar mogcem~. halidma upasuxa:
`Tu Sen purs aRar momcem, uzenaesi allahi saarsebo sarCoTi damajildovebs~. Semdeg mama danarCen Svilebs miubrunda da daemuqra: `Tu romelime Tqvengani mas daelaparakeba,
uaresi dagatydebaT Tavs~. Semdeg mas halidi saxlis sacavSi
sam dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi mSier-mwyurvali hyavda gamomwyvdeuli.
halid bin sa’idma, raRacnairi xerxiT, mamisgan ixsna Tavi.
mama saSinelma avadmyofobam Seipyro, ebu uhaia, miuxedavd
imisa, rom loginad Cavardnili avadmyofi iyo, islamis mimarT mtrobas mainc ganagrZobda da ambobda: `Tu movrCi da
fexze davdeqi, yvela meqqeli kerpTayvanismcemlobas daubrundeba, vercerTi adamiani, kerpebis garda, sxva rameze ver
ilocebs~. Zvirfasi halidi ki allahs mamis mxridan WeSmariti islamis mimarT mtrobis dasrulebasa da Zmebis usafrTxoebas evedreboda: `samyaros gamCeno, allaho! mamaCems nu
gadaarCen am saSineli avadmyofobisgan~! uzenaesma allahma
ismina misi vedreba da ebu uhaia ise mokvda, rom aRar gamojanmrTelebula.
mus’ab bin umeiris mier islamis miReba
mus’abi yuraiSelTa mdidar, aristokrat ojaxs miekuTvneboda, rodesac allahis Suamavlis dalocvili sityvebi
moismina, gulSi udidesi siyvaruli Caesaxa. masTan Sexvedris
surviliT iwvoda. bolos, rogorc iqna, erqamis saxlSi wavida da islami miiRo. es rom mSoblebma gaiges, Zvel rwmenaze
misi dabrunebis mizniT, misi wameba daiwyes. saxlis sacavSi
gamoamwyvdies da ramdenime dRe mSier-mwyurvali datoves.
arabeTis Znel da autanel sicxeSi daundoblad awamebdnen.
magram mus’ab bin umeirma, miuxedavd sastiki da Seubralebeli wamebisa, udidesi moTmineba gamoiCina da islamisgan piri
ar ibruna.
wminda mus’abi, sanam islams miiRebda, manamde mdidar
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ojaxSi izrdeboda. yvelas misi Surda. magram roca gamuslimanda, ojaxma mas yvelaferi waarTva da wameba dauwyes.
mus’abma yovelgvar gaWirvebas gauZlo. erT dRes igi allahis SuamavlTan mivida. am ambavs wminda ali ase mogviTxrobs: `allahis SuamavalTan erTad vijeqiT, mus’ab bin umeiri movida, tanze daZonZili tansacmeli ecva da sacodav
dReSi iyo. roca allahis Suamavalma misi es mdgomareoba
SeniSna, Tvalebi cremliT aevso. miuxedavd uamravi wamebisa
da gaWirvebisa, mus’abis pirovnebaSi rwmenis SenarCunebis
simtkice rom dainaxa, warmosTqva: `allahis SuqiT gasxivosnebuli am adamianis guls SexedeT! vnaxe, Tu rogor kargad uvlidnen mas Tavisi mSoblebi, magram allahisa da misi Suamavalis siyvarulma is aseT mdgomareobaSi Caagdo~.
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Suamavlobis misia da islamisken moxmoba
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emigracia eTiopiaSi
Suamavlobis mexuTe weli idga. miuxedavad warmarTTa
winaaRmdegobisa, muslimanTa ricxvi dRiTidRe izrdeboda, magram, amavdroulad warmarTebic tanjva-wvalebas amkacrebdnen da amisaTvis, rac SeeZloT yvelafers akeTebdnen.
allahis Suamavals guls stkenda, roca eshabs awamebdnen,
fexebze Toks miabamdnen da aqlemebs aTrevinebdnen. aseTi
wameba dRiTidRe matulobda. misi keTili da mowyale guli
ki, am yvelafers ver iTmenda. erTxel eshabi qirami Sekriba
da ganucxada: `Cemo eshabo! axla qveyanaze gaifanteT. uzenaesi
allahi sul male isev erTad SegyriT~. sahabeebma hkiTxes: `sad
wavideT allahis Suamavalo?~ wminda Suamavalma dalocvili
xeli eTiopiisken gaiSvira da uTxra: `ai iq! eTiopiis miwaze
wadiT! vinaidan iq, samarTliani xelmwifea. amavdroulad erTerTi samarTliani qveyanaa. manamde darCiT iq, sanam uzenaesi
allahi am gasaWirisgan gadarCenis kars gaxsnis~. amgvarad,
qveynierebis meTaurma wminda muhammed mustafam (allahi
dalocavs da miesalmeba mas) miiRo gadawyvetileba meqqaSi
warmarTebis winaaRmdeg martod ebrZola, sahabeebi ki autaneli tanjva-wvalebisgan gadaerCina. igi TanamimdevarTa
gadasarCenad sakuTar Tavs swiravda. sahabeebi tovebdnen
mSobliur miwa-wyals da emigraciaSi midiodnen, magram maT
yvelaze metad allahis sayvareli Suamavlisgan ganSorebis
dardi awuxebdaT.
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am, pirvel emigrirebulTa Soris iyvnen: wminda osmani da
misi meuRle, allahis Suamavlis qaliSvili wminda ruqie,
ebu huzeife da misi meuRle, sehle binTi suheili, zubeir
bin avvami, mus’ab bin umeiri, abdurrahman bin avfi, ebu seleme bin abdul esedi da misi meuRle ummu seleme, haTib bin
amiri, amir bin rebia da misi meuRle leila binTi ebi hasme, osman bin maz’uni,ebu sebre bin ebi ruhmi, meuRle ummu
gulsum binTi suheili, suheil binTi beida da abdullah bin
emigracia eTiopiaSi
o
mes’udi.
allahis Suamavalma wminda osmanis Sesaxeb brZana: `ueWvelia, rom osmani pirvelia, vinc, Suamaval lutis Semdeg, meuRlesTan erTad, emigraciaSi wavida~. sahabeta nawili cxenaqlemiT, nawili ki fexiT farulad meqqadan eTiopiisken
gaemgzavra. movaWreebs fuli gadauxades da gemebiT, wiTeli
zRvis gavliT, eTiopiis sanapiroebs miadgnen. roca es ambavi
warmarTebma Seityves, maSinve gamoedevnen, magram imeddakargulni ukan dabrundnen. eTiopiis mefe nejaSma muslimanebi kargad miiRo da saxelmwifoSi daabinava. sahabeebi
eTiopiis Sesaxab ase mogviTxroben: `iq keTilmezobloba da
mfarveloba vigrZeniT, rwmenis sakiTxSi ar Segvxebian, guli
ar gvtkenia, CvenTvis arc mouwonari sityva ukadrebiaT. mSvidad vemsaxurebodiT uzenaes allahs.
wminda hamzas gamuslimaneba
islamis xma dRiTidRe mTel arabeTSi vrceldeboda aseTi
viTareba ki yureiSel warmarTebs mosvenebas ar aZlevda. miuxedavad yovelgvari garjisa da zrunvisa, islamis gavrcelebas veranairad abrkolebdnen.
delail’un nubuvvesa da me’arij’un nubuvves wyaroebSi asea
aRwerili: `warmarTebs erT-erTi kerpi hqondaT, romelsac
saxelad velids eZaxdnen. safas gorakze Seikribebodnen da
am kerpze loculobdnen. erTxel, roca allahis Suamavali
safas gorakze warmarTebTan mivida da rwmenisken mouwodebda, urwmuno jini am kerpSi SeZvra da Suamavals uxamsi
sityvebi akadra. samyaros sapatio Suamavals es Zalian ewyina. amis Semdeg cota dro gavida, sayvarel Suamavals gaurkveveli pirovnebis xma moesma: `allahis Suamavalo! urwmuno jins SenTvis uxamsi sityvebi ukadrebia, me is vipove da
movkali. Tqvenis nebarTviT, SegiZliaT xval safas gorakze
amobrZandeT. Tqven isev warmarTebs islamisken mouwodebT
me ki im kerpSi SevZvrebi da Sens saqeb-sadideb sityvebs vi-
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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tyvi. sayvareli Suamavali abdullahis saxelis mqone jinis
SemoTavazebas daTanxmda~.
meore dRes sayvareli Suamavali isev iq wavida da warmarTT rwmenisken mouwoda. ebu jehilic iq imyofeboda.
morwmune jini am kerpSi SeZvra da islamis Sesaxeb lamazi
sityvebi da leqsebi waikiTxa. warmarTebma es rom gaigones,
kerpi gaanadgures da allahis Suamavals daesxnen Tavs. dalocvili Tmebi auwewes da saxe sisxliT SeuRebes. Suamavali iTmenda maTgan miyenebul Cagvra-wamebas da eubneboda:
`yureiSelebo! me mirtyamT, magram icodeT Tqveni Suamavali
var~. Semdeg iqidan saxlSi dabrunda. am movlenas, msaxurma
gogom Tavidan bolomde uTvalTvala.
am dros wminda hamza mTaSi nadirobda. is iyo jeirans
isari daumizna, rom jeiranma ena amoidga da uTxra: ` hamza!
mag isris Cemze styorcnas ajobebda, Seni ZmisSvilis mokvlis msurvelebze getyorcna~. wminda hamza, am sityvebiT
gaocebuli, umal saxlisken gaeqana. tradiciiis mixedviT,
rodesac kaci nadirobidan brundeboda, qaabas gars Semovlis rituals (tavafs) asrulebda da saxlSi ise midioda. im
dRes am ritualis (tavafis) Sesrulebis dros, msaxuri gogo
masTan mivida da ebu jehilis mier Suamavalze Tavdasxmis
Sesaxeb acnoba. roca Zvirfasma hamzam gaigo, sayvareli
SuamavlisTvis Seuracyofa miuyenebiaTo, nerviulobisgan
ZarRvebi daebera, xelSi iaraRi aiRo da iq mivida, sadac
warmarTebi imyofebodnen. `Sena xar is, vinc Cems ZmisSvils
cudi sityva akadre da guli atkine? icodeT, Cemi rjuli
misi rjulia, Tu Zala Segwevs msgavsi ram Cem mimarTac gabede, aba!~- uTxra man ebu jehils da Semdeg mSvildiT Tavi
gautexa. iqve myof urwmunoT hamzaze Tavdasxma undodaT,
magram ebu jehilma uTxra:`hamzas ar SeexoT, is marTalia,
mis ZmisSvils cudi sityvebi vakadre~. roca hamza iqidan wavida, ebu jehilma irgvliv myofT mimarTa: `RvTis gulisTvis hamzas ar SeexoT! gagvibrazdeba da islams miiRebs, ham114 zas gamuslimanebiT ki muhammedi gaZlierdeba~ ebu jehilma
n
emigracia eTiopiaSi
o
urwmunoebs hamzas fasi da Zala acnoba.
Semdeg hamza sayvarel SuamavalTan mivida da acnoba: `muhammed! ebu jehilze Suri viZie, is sisxlSi SevRebe. ar iwyino, gaixare!~ sayvarelma Suamavalma uTxra: `aseTi rameebi
ar maxarebs~. maSi. hamzam mimarTa: `Sen gasaxareblad da wuxilisgan gadasarCenad, rasac isurveb, imas gavakeTeb!~ sayvarelma Suamavalma miugo: `me mxolod Sen mier islamis mireba da amiT Seni Zvirfasi sxeulis jojoxeTisgan gadarCena
gamaxarebs~. Suamavlis am sityvebis mosmenis Semdeg, hamza
maSinve gamuslimanda. masze aiaTi iqna zegardmovlenili sadac gadmocemulia: `wminda abdullah bin abbasis mixedviT:
wminda yuranis en’amis suras 122. aiaTSi gacocxlebis Semdeg
SuqiT Semosili pirovneba wminda hamzaa, xolo igive aiaTSi
_ bneleTSi mxoxavi ki ebu jehilia.
hamza warmarTebTan mivida da acnoba, rom islami ukve miiRo da amis Semdeg allahis sayvarel Suamaval muhammeds
daicavda, Tundac es sicocxlis fasadac rom dajdomoda.
Semdeg saxotbo leqsi waikiTxa: `madloba samyaros udides
gamCens, baton-patron allahs, radgan man Seayvara Cem guls
islami. es rjuli, romelic yvelas mimarT keTilganwyobilia, yovlisSemZle da Zlieria. samyaros baton-patronis
allahis mxridan movlenilia, roca Suamavali wminda yurans
kiTxulobs, gulis, Wkuisa da gonebis mqoneni Tvalebidan
cremlebs Rvrian, wminda yurani daxvewili eniT, ganmartebuli aiaTebis saxiT wminda muhammeds (allahi dalocavs da
miesalmeba mas) zegardmoevlo. is, muhammed-mustafa, Cvens
Soris iseTi Zvirfasi vinmea, romlis sityva daijereba da mi
winaSe Tavis daxra SeiZleba. warmarTno! gonebas nu kargavT,
Tvalebi nu gibneldebaT, mas uxams da uxeS sityvebs nu hkadrebT. Tu aseT azrebs miecemiT, icodeT, sanam muslimanebis gvamebs fexiT gaTelavT, manamde mas veravin Seexeba~.
allahis sayvareli Suamavali wminda hamzas gamuslimanebam Zalian gaaxara. muslimanTa rigebSi misma Sesvlam is-
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
lami sakmaod gaaZliera.
wminda hamzas gamuslimanebam viTareba sagrZnoblad Secvala, radgan meqqeli warmarTebi mas gulad, Seupovar, mamac
da vaJkac kacad icnobdnen. amis gamo yureiSeli warmarTebi
muslimanebs usamarTlod da borotad ukve veRar epyrobodnen. gansakuTrebiT hamzas mrisxane xmals eridebodnen.
wminda omaris mier islamis miReba
islamis rjuli dRiTidRe farTovdeboda da izrdeboda. wminda yuranis sxivi adamianTa sulebs aciskrovnebda.
codvili adamianebi uzenaesi allahis wyalobiT WeSmarit
rwmenas poulobdnen. sahabeTa RirsebiT amaRlebulni es,
Zvirfasi adamianebi xelixel Cakidebulni, mTeli guliT
erTmaneTze Seyvarebulebi, allahis wminda Suamavlis irgvliv farvanasaviT trialebdnen. mis patara survils, an miniSnebas, brZanebad cnobdnen, mis Sesasruleblad erTmaneTs
ejibrebodnen, ufro metic, am gzaze Tavis ganwirvisganac
ki ar ixevdnen ukan. warmarTebis dardi da SfoTva ki kritikul zRvars iyo miRweuli. vinaidan, TiTiT saCvenebel
vaJkacTagan hamzac ki muslimani gamxdariyo da mas allahis
Suamavlis TanamimdevarTa rigebSi daekava adgili. am moulodnelma movlenam warmarTebs yovelgvari moTmineba daakargvina. amis gamo hattabis Svili, omari erT dRes (sanam
islams miiRebda), saxlidan im ganzraxviT gamovida, rom sadac allahis Suamavals naxavda, iqve unda moekla. allahis
sayvareli Suamavali man mesjidi haremSi locvis dros dainaxa, romelic yurans xmamaRla kiTxulobda.
omarma guldasmiT mousmina da Tqva: `roca allahis Sumavali el hayyas suras kiTxvas morCa, gulSi islamis mimarT
siyvaruli aRmeZvra~.
wminda hamzas gamuslimanebidan sami dRis Semdeg, ebu
jehilma warmarTebi Sekriba da ganucxada: `yuraiSelebo!
116 muhammedma kerpebi Segvilaxa, Cveni winaprebis jojoxeTSi
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wamebisa da CvenTvis saiqioSi mosalodneli wamebis Sesaxeb
laparakobs. misi mokvlis garda, sxva gza aRar dagvrCenia.
vinc mas mohklavs, asi wiTeli aqlemiTa da uTvalavi oqroTi davajildoveb~... hattabis Svil,omaris gulSi imwamsve
islamis mimarT siyvaruli daikarga, wamoxta da warmosTqva:
`am saqmes hattabis Svilis garda sxva veravin Seasrulebs!~.
iqve myofma warmarTebma erTxmad uTxres: `aba, he hattabis
Svilo! gvaCvene Seni vaJkacoba~ da taSi daukres.
omarma welze xmali Semoirtya da gzas gaudga. gzad nuaim
bin abdullahs gadaeyara. nuaimma hkiTxa:`omar! saiT gagiwevia ase ganrisxebuls?~ omarma miugo: `xalxs Soris uTanxmoebis Camomgdeb, Zmis Zmaze gadamkide, muhammedis mosaklavad
mivdivar~. nuaimma uTxra: `omar! es Zalian Zneli saqmea. mas
rom araferi mouvides, amisaTvis sahabeebi irgvliv farvanasaviT dastrialeben. masTan miaxloeba Zalian Znelia. Tundac mokla, abdulmuttalibis Svilebs mainc ver gadaurCebi~
am sityvebma wminda omari Zalian gaabraza:`nuTu Senc maTi
momxre xar. maS, pirveli Sen gagaTaveb!~ _ uTxra da xmali
iSiSvla. `omar! me damanebe Tavi! Sens dasTan fatimasTan
da siZesTan sa’id bin zeidisTan wadi, maTac islami miiRes~.
wminda omarma es sityvebi ar daijera. maSin nuaimma urCia:
`Tu ar gjera, wadi da hkiTxe!~
omarma rom es saqme warmatebiT Seesrulebina, religiuri
dapirispiereba moispoba, magram arabebis adaTi, sisxlis SurisZieba iCenda Tavs, yureiSelebi orad gaiyofebodnen da
dausrulebeli urTierTSetakebebi daiwyeboda. amgvarad,
ara mxolod omar bin hattabi, aramed yvela hattabis Svili
daixoceboda. magram imis gamo, rom omari Zalian Zlieri,
gambedavi da ganrisxebuli iyo, amaze aRarc ki ufiqria. sakuTari dis mdgomareobiT dainteresda da maSinve masTan
saxlSi wavida. im periodSi tahas sura axlad iyo dardmovlenili. sa’idsa da fatimas (allahi iyos maTgan kmayofili) CaeweraT, habbab bin ereTi Tavistan saxlSi mieyvanaT da
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kiTxulobdnen. omars karebTan misuls maTi kiTxvis xma moesma da karebze Zlierad daabraxuna. roca is, welze xmalSemortymuli, gabrazebuli dainaxes, naweri furceli Seinaxes,
habbabi damales da kari Semdeg gauxsnes. roca saxlSi Sevida
omarma ikiTxa: `ras kiTxulobdiT?~ _ araferso, miuges mas.
omari ufro gabrazda da uTxra: `rac gavige, marTali yofila, Tqvenc mis jados moutyuebixarT~ Semdeg siZes, Zvirfas
sa’ids sayeloSi Caavlo xeli da Zirs daaxeTqa. misma dam,
meuRlis gadasarCenad gaiwia, magram gabrazebulma omarma
masac saxeSi sila gaawna. roca dainaxa, rom das saxidan sisxli wamouvida, Seecoda. gamwarebuli fatima sisxlSi iyo
SeRebili, magram Zlieri rwmenis Zalam misca gambedaobis
unari da omars miaZaxa: `omar! nuTu ar grcxvenia, allahisa da misi saswaulebiT gamogzavnili Suamavlisa ar gjera?
naxe, me da Cemi meuRle islamis RirsebiT avmaRldiT, Tavic rom mogvkveTo, rjuls aRar SevicvliT! Semdeg qelimei
SehadeTi ikiTxa.
omari Tavisi dis aseTi mtkice rwmenis winaSe, uceb molba
da dajda. Semdeg ikiTxa: `maCveneT aba, ras kiTxulobdiT!~
fatimam uTxra: `sanam ar gasufTavdebi, manamde xelSi ar
mogcem!~ omarma tani daibana, gasufTavda, ris Semdeg fatimam wminda yuranis furclebi miutana. wminda omars Zalian lamazad kiTxva SeeZlo. roca taha suras kiTxva daiwyo,
wminda yuranis mWermetyvelurma mniSvnelobam da zebunebriobam, misi guli ufro da ufro moalbo.
`mas ekuTvnis yvelaferi, rac arsebobs casa da miwasa zeda.
da misia racaa miwis qveSa da maT Soris arsebuli~.1 keTilSobil omari, roca man am mniSvnelobis aiaTi waikiTxa, Rrma
fiqrebs mieca. Semdeg Tavis das fatimas hkiTxa: `ei, fatima! es uamravi arseba, yvela im allahisaa, romelsac Tqven
scemT Tayvans?~ fatimam miugo: `diax, omar, eWvi gepareba?~
_ `fatima! Cven xuTiaTasamde oqros, vercxlis, brinjaosa da
118 1. sura taha: 6.
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qvisgan gamokveTili morTuli qandakebebi gvaqvs, magram arcerTs dedamiwaze araferi ar gaaCnia.~ _ warmosTqva omarma
da masSi gaocebam imata. cota xnis Semdeg kvlav waikiTxa:
`ar arsebobs sxva, saTayvano WeSmariti RvTaeba garda, uzenaesi allahisa da mas ekuTvnis yvelaze lamazi saxelebi.~2
am wminda aiaTis mniSvnelobamac daafiqra omari da Tqva:
`marTlac, raoden marTalia!~ habbabma omaris es sityva rom
gaigona, adgilidan wamovarda, da xmamaRali xmiT allahi
adida. Semdeg omars mimarTa: `omar gaixare! wminda Suamavlis vedreba, sikeTe da bedniereba Sen gxvda wilad. igi ase
evedreboda: `gamCeno! baton-patrono! es rjuli ebu jehiliT,
an omariT gaaZliereo.~
am wminda aiaTma da vedrebam omaris gulidan mtroba sruliad amoSala da gaasufTava. man ikiTxa: `sad aris allahis
Suamavali?~ mis guls, allahis Suamavli ukve Seyvareboda.
im dRes allahis sayvareli Suamavali erqamis saxlSi sahabeebs rCeva-darigebebs aZlevda. maT misi gasxivosnebuli
saxis xilviT, tkbili da STambeWdavi sityvebis mosmeniT,
Tvalebi ubrwyinavdaT. usazRvro kmayofileba da siamovneba
maT sulebs xaliss matebda.
sahabeebma erqamis saxlidan SeniSnes, welze xmalSemortymuli, omaris misvla. omari SiSis aRmZvreli da fizikurad
Zlieri kaci iyo,amitom isini Suamavals gars Semoexvivnen,
raTa omars, misTvis ziani ar mieyenebina. hamzam Tqva: `ra
gvaqvs omarisgan mosaridebeli? Tu sikeTiT movida, keTili iyos misi mosvla, Tu ara da sanam is xmals iSiSvlebdes,
manamde wavacli Tavs~. am dros allahis Suamavalma brZana:
`gza gauxseniT omars, SigniT Semovides!~
mis mosvlamde angelozma jebrailma Suamavals acnoba,
rom is gzaSi iyo da islamis misaRebad modioda. allahis
Suamavali omars RimiliT Seegeba da sahabeebs uTxra: `gza
2. sura taha: 8.
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mieciT, gamoatareT!~ omarma allahis SuamavalTan mivida da
muxli moiyara. Suamavlma ki omars xeli mokida, wamoayena
da uTxra: `irwmune, omar!~ omarma, sufTa guliT, qelimei
SehadeTi warmosTqva da islami miiRo. maSin, sahabeebis sixarulisa da allahis didebis xma camde miswvda.
omari, Tavisi gamuslimanebis Semdgom periodze, ase mogviTxrobs: `roca islami miviRe, maSin sahabeebi warmarTTagan
farulad loculobdnen Zalian mewyina aseTi mdgomareoba.
Suamavals vkiTxe: `allahis Suamavalo! Cveni rjuli WeSmariti xom aris?~ Suamavalma mipasuxa: `diax. Cemi arsebobis baton-patrons, yovlis SemZle uzenaes allahs vficav, mkvdari
iqnebiT Tu cocxali, eWvgareSea, rom WeSmarit rjulze xarT!~
Semdeg vuTxari: `allahis Suamavalo! radgan Cven WeSmarit
gzas vadgavarT, xolo warmarTebi ki mcdars, maS ratom gveSinia da vfaravT Cvens rwmenas? vficav, rom Cven, islamis
rjulis, RvTis mgmobTa winaSe gamoaSkaravebisTvis yvelaze Rirseulni varT. ueWvelia, rom allahis rjuli meqqaSi
yvelaze ufro maRla dadgeba. xalxi, Tu Cvens winaSe adamianurad moiqceva amas ra sjobs, Tu Tavs ver Seikaveben da
winaaRmdegobas gagviweven, maSin SevebrZolebiT~. allahis
Suamavlma miugo: `Cven raodenobiT cotani varT~.
`allahis Suamavalo! Sens Suamavlad warmomgzavn uzenaes
allahs vficav, rom yovelgvari moridebisa da SiSis gareSe, davjdebi da yvelas avuxsni islams, ise, rom ucodinari
erTi warmarTic ki ar darCeba. droa gavideT sazogadoebaSi!~ roca Suamavali dameTanxma, gareT gamovediT da haremi Serifisken wavediT. erT mwkrivs win hamza, meores ki
me mivuZRvodi. mtkice nabijebiT mesjidi haremSi SevediT.
yureiSeli warmarTebi xan me, xan hamzas Sexedavdnen. iseTi
mwuxareba da ubedureba daatydaT Tavs, rom iqneb sicocxleSi aseTi ubedureba arasodes moswrebiaT. ebu jehilma
wminda omaris aseTi Semosvla rom dainaxa, win gamovida da
mimarTa: `omar! Sen raRa dagemarTa?~ omarma es ar SeimCnia,
120 qelimei SehadeTi warmosTqva: `eShedu en lailahe illallah
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emigracia eTiopiaSi
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ve eShedu enne muhammeden abduhu ve resuluhu~. ebu jehili
adgilze gaiyina, veRar mixvda, ra eTqva. Semdeg omari warmarTTa sazogadoebas miubrunda da uTxra: `me vinc micnobs,
icis! vinc ar micnobs, gamicnos, rom me hattabis Svili omari var,… visac ar unda, rom coli, qvrivad, xolo Svilebi ki
oblad daurCes, gainZres adgilidan! vinc gainZreva, xmliT
avkuwav da gavanadgureb!.~.. omaris aseTi mimarTva rom moismines, yvela yureiSeli warmarTi maSinve iqaurobas gaSorda.
allahis Suamavlma da sahabeebma mwkvrivi gaakeTes da allahi adides. meqqas zecaSi nuslimebis allahu eqber! (allahi
udidesia)... allahu eqber! (allahi udidesia)... SeZaxilebi
aJRerda. es iyo muslimanebis pirveli aSkara locva haremi
SerifSi.
roca omarma islami miiRo enfalis suras 64. aiaTi iqna
gardmovlenili. aiaTis mniSvneloba aseTia: `Suamavalo!
SenTvis damxmared uzenaesi allahi da is morwmuneni geyofa,
romelnic Sen mogyvebian~. maT, vinc yoymanobdnen da veRar
xvdeboda ra gaekeTebinaT, omaris gamuslimanebis Semdeg islami miiRes. muslimanTa ricxvi dRiTidRe zvaviviT izrdeboda da mravldeboda.
meore emigracia eTiopiaSi
eTiopiaSi myofma, emigrirebulma muslimanebma araswori
informacia miiRes, TiTqosda meqqaSi warmarTebi muslimanebs Serigebodnen. amis gamo maT ifiqres, Cveni emigraciis,
samSoblosa da miwa-wylis mitovebis ZiriTadi mizezi Cven
mimarT warmarTebis mtruli damokidebuleba iyo, rogorc
Cans, es mtroba moyvrobaSi gadaizarda. samSobloSi davbrundeT da allahis sayvareli Suamavlis samsaxurSi CavdgeTo. maT eTiopiis xelmwifisgan nebarTva iTxoves da meqqaSi
dabrundnen. magram, roca darwmundnen, rom miRebuli informacia mcdari aRmoCnda, allahis Suamavlis winaSe warsdgnen da iqauri pirobebis Sesaxeb uambes: `eTiopiis klimatma
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da wyalma Zala Segvmata, iq ukve oTxi samlocvelo gvaqvs,
samlocveloSi yoveldRiurad aqlemebi da cxvrebi ikvleba,
xorci ki Raribebisa da martoxela xalxis dapurebas xmardeba. xSirad xelmwife modis Cven mosanaxuleblad rCevebs
gvaZlevs da bevrs gviyveba gaWirvebisa da Seviwroebebis Sesaxeb~. ase, rom eTiopiis emigrantebi xelmwifisa da iqauri
cxovrebiT Zalian kmayofilebi iyvnen.
sahabeebs (allahi iyos maTgan kmayofili) meqqaSi dabrunebisTanave, warmarTebma tanjva-wvaleba isev dauwyes. warmarTebi maT daundoblad awamebdnen. erT dRes wminda osmanma
allahis sayvarel Suamavals SesTavaza: `allahis Suamavalo! eTiopia Zalian kargi savaWro adgilia. erTi TviT
savaWrod wasvla, sakmaod momgebiani iqneba. sanam allahi
emigraciisaTvis romelime adgils migviTiTebdes, manamde
muslimanebisTvis ukeTesi adgili ar moiZebneba. yvelafers
rom Tavi davaneboT, warmarTebis wamebisgan gadavrCebiT.
nejaSs, Cvens mimarT, Zalian bevri sikeTe aqvs gakeTebuli~.
amis Semdeg sayvarelma Suamavalma brZana: `isev eTiopiaSi
dabrundiT, raTa uzenaesi allahis saxeliT daculi iyo~.
wminda osmanma Suamavals Txova: `allahis Suamavalo! CvenTan erTad Tqvenc Tu wamobrZandebiT, iqneb islami maTac
miiRon. maT swamT RvTiuri wminda wignebis, amitomac islams advilad Seurigdebian da amasTan erTad daxmarebasac
ar daiSureben~. sayvarelma Suamavalma upasuxa: `me siamesa
da simSvidisaTvis ara var movlenili. rac Seexeba emigracias,
uzenaesi allahisgan brZanebas velodebi. ise moviqcevi rogorc mebrZaneba.~
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erT-erTi gadmocemis Tanaxmad as kaciani qaravani eTiopiis gzas gaudga. qaravans jafer bin ebu talibi meTaurobda. muslimebi saR-salamaTad nejaSis saxelmwifoSi Cavidnen. eTiopiaSi ganviTarebuli movlenebis Sesaxeb, sayvareli
Suamavlis meuRle ummu seleme (allahi iyos misgan kmayofili) ase mogviTxrobs:
emigracia eTiopiaSi
o
`rodesac eTiopiaSi CavediT, iq Zalian karg adamians SevxvdiT. is kaci xelmwife nejaSi iyo. is yvela survils gvisrulebda. rjulis brZanebebs Tavisuflad vasrulebdiT.
uzenaes allahs daubrkoleblad vemsaxurebodiT. aranairi
tanjva-wameba ar dagvtyomia Tavs da arc cudi sitvebi gvsmenia~.
meqqelma warmarTebma, roca es ambavi gaiges, maSinve gadawyvites eTiopiis xelmwifesTan ori elCi gaegzavnaT.
nejaSisTvis Zalian Zvirfasi saCuqrebi da misi sayvareli,
bevri gaTrimluli, gamoyvanili tyavi gaamzades. agreTve
kultis msaxurT da saxelmwifos maRalCinosnebs uZvirfasesi saCuqrebi SeurCies. am saqmis elCebad, abdullah bin
ebu rebia da amir bin asi wargzavnes. daariges Tu ra unda
eTqvaT nejaSis winaSe. wasvlamde isini ase daariges: `sanam
xelmwifes daelaparakebodeT, sasuliero da saxelmwifo
maRalCinosnebs, saTiTaod saCuqrebi daurigeT, Semdeg ki
nejaSs gadaeciT ZRveni. am saqmeebs rom moaTavebT, iqauri
muslimanebi moTxoveT. nejaSs muslimanebTan Sexvedrisa da
laparakis saSualeba ar misceT~.
roca elCebi eTiopiaSi Cavidnen, saxelmwifos maRalCinosnebs Sexvdnen. saCuqrebis gadacemis Semdeg, TiToeuls moaxsenes: `Cvens Soris sxvadasxva tipisa da zneobis adamianebi
gavrceldnen, amaT CvenTvis da TqvenTvisac saziano, xalxis
gamabriyvebeli axali rjuli moigones. Cven, TqvenTan mosuli emigrantebis ukan samSobloSi wayvana gvinda. rodesac
xelmwifes maT Sesaxeb daelaparakebiT, izruneT, rom maTTan
gasaubrebis gareSe, isini Cagvabaros. am, xalxiT, yvelaze
metad, TavianTi sakuTari ded-mama arian dainteresebulni.
maT es yvelaferi Zalian kargad ician~. sasuliero pirebi
daeTanxmen am SemoTavazebas. meqqelma elCebma Semdeg nejaSs
gadasces saCuqrebi. xelmwife nejaSma saCuqrebi aiRo, elCebi miiwvia da cota xniT gaesaubra.
elCebma nejaSs moaxsenes: `xelmwifev! Cvens xalxTagan ram-
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denime adamiani Tqvens saxelmwifos afarebs Tavs. am adamianebma sakuTari xalxis rjuli miatoves da ,rogorc Cans,
arc Tqveni rjuli miuRiaT. TviTneburad SeTxzul rjuls
misdeven. am rjuls arc Cven vicnobT da arc Tqven. Cven,
am xalxis mfarveli saxelmwifos didgvarovanma sazogadoebam gamogvagzavna TqvenTan. es didgvarovani sazogadoeba,
Tqvens saxelmwofoSi TavSefarebuli adamianebis mSoblebi
da mkvidri naTesavebi gaxlavT. maTi moTxovna aq mosuli
pirebis ukan dabrunebaa. radgan maT am pirebis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb ukeT ician. maT ician, rom amaT sakuTar rjuls
uRalates da dagmes~... amir bin asis da abdullah bin ebi
rebias surdaT, rom nejaSs maTi sityvebi moesmina da rogorc maT saqmes awyobda, ise moqceuliyo. roca elCebi laparaks morCen, nejaSis patiarqebma iTxoves sityva:
`eseni simarTles amboben. amaT mimarT maTi xalxi ufro
met yuradRebas gamoiCens. isini ukeT Seicnoben, maTTvis ra
aris mosawoni da ra ara. amisaTvis gTxovT, Tqven es xalxi
CaabaroT, raTa TavianT samSobloSi waiyvanon~.
nejaSi am sityvebma Zalian gaabraza da Tqva: `geficebiT!
ara! me am xalxs aravis gadavcem. adamianebs, romlebmac Cems
qveyanas Seafares Tavi, arasodes vuRalateb. am xalxma sxvasTan SedarebiT, me upiratesad CamTvala da Cems qveyanaSi
movidnen. emigrantebs sasaxleSi davuZaxeb, vkiTxav, am elCebis naTqvamis Sesaxeb. ras ityvian, pasuxebs movismen, Tu
emigrantebi, rogorc eseni amboben, iseTebi aRmoCndebian,
maT elCebs gadavscem, raTa TavianT samSobloSi waiyvanon.
magram Tu ase ar aRmoCndeba, maT Sevifareb, sanam Cems qveyanaSi darCebian, sikeTiT movepyrobi~. nejaSs zeciuri wignebi
Seswavlili hqonda, amitomac, wminda muhammedis movlenis
drois moaxloebis, mis Sesaxeb xalxis mier tyuilebis mogonebis, daujereblobisa da meqqadan misi gandevnis Sesaxeb
icoda.
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nejaSma meqqel elCebs hkiTxa: `maT visi swamT?~ ~muham-
emigracia eTiopiaSi
o
medis~ _ upasuxes. nejaSma es saxeli rom gaigona, mixvda,
rom igi Suamavali iyo, magram ar SeimCnia. nejaSma kvlav
hkiTxa: `isini romel rjulsa da religiur aRmsareblobas
miekuTvnebian da xalxs risken mouwodeben?~ _ `maT religiuri aRmsarebloba ar gaaCniaT~. _ `is xalxi, romlis religiuri aRmsarebloba da rjuli ar vici, rogor SemiZlia
Tqven dagibrunoT. mejlisi moviwvioT, isinic aq moviyvanoT, erTmaneTs dagapirispirebT da yvelaferi gairkveva.
gavigoT, isini ra rjulisani arian~. amis Semdeg muslimanebi
sasaxleSi daibares.
muslimanebma Tavdapirvelad urTierTSoris moiTaTbires,
Tu ra unda eTqvaT eTiopiis xelmwifis winaSe iseTi, rac mas
moewoneboda. jaferma warmosTqva: `geficebiT, rac am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT viciT, yvela Cveni Suamavlis swavlebiT SemoisazRvreba. kmayofili viqnebiT imiT, rac gadawydeba~. yvela daeTanxma da SeTanxmdnen, rom mxolod jaferi
gamovidoda sityviT nejaSis winaSe. nejaSmac swavlulebi
Sekriba da umaRlesi saTaTbiro sabWo gamarTa. sabWoze emigrantebi moiwvies. muslimanebi roca movidnen sabWoze, salami misces nejaSs, magram misTvis qedi ar mouxriaT. roca
nejamSa hkiTxa, qedi ratom ar moixareTo, upasuxes: `Cven,
uzeanesi allahis garda, qeds aravis movuxriT. Cvenma Suamavalma, allahis garda sxvaze sejdes Sesruleba agvikrZala~.
nejaSma emigrantebs mimarTa: `mobrZanebulo sazogadoebav! miTxariT, Cems qveyanaSi ratom moxvediT? ra xdeba? arc
vaWrebi xarT da arc arafers iTxovT. Tqveni axali Suamavlis mdgomareoba rogoria? Tqven saxelmwifodan mosuli
xalxis msgavsad, ratom ar gvesalmebiT?~ jaferma (allahi
iyos misgan kmayofili) upasuxa:
`xelmwifev! pirvel rigSi, sam rames vityodi. Tuki simarTles vityvi dameTanxmeT, Tu ara da baTilad scaniT isini.
magram upirvelesad brZaneba gaeciT, rom amaTgan mxolod
erTma ilaparakos, meore ki gaCumdes!~ amir bin as’ma Tqva, me
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
vilaparakebo. nejaSma uTxra jafers, jer Sen ilaparakeo.
jaferma daiwyo: `me sam kiTxvas davsvam da pasuxi maT gamcen.
Cven dasaWeri da batonze misagvreli monebi varT?~ nejaSi
amirs miubrunda da hkiTxa: `eseni monebi arian?~ amirma miugo: `ara, eseni monebi ar arian, Tavisufali xalxia~. jaferma meore kiTxva dausva: `Cven usamarTlod vinmes sisxli
davRvareT da mosisxleebs unda migvgvaron?~ nejaSma amirs
hkiTxa: `amaT usamarTlod mokles vinme?~ amirma upasuxa:
`ara, maT erTi wveTi sisxlic ki ar dauRvriaT~. jaferma mesame kiTxva dausva: `usamarTlod miTvisebuli vinmes qoneba
an fuli gvakisria da misi gadaxdiT varT davaldebulebi?~
nejaSma amirs uTxra: `amir amaT Tu rame oqro an fuli aqvT
gadasaxadi, miTxariT da maT vals me gadavixdi~. amirma upasuxa: `ara, erTi karatic (fulis erTeuli) ki ar marTebT
sxvisi~. maSin nejaSma hkiTxa: `maS ra gindaT amaTgan?~ amiri
mohyva: `isini da Cven, yvela erT rjulze viyaviT da erT
gzas vadeqiT. amaT ki Cvens rjulsa da gzasa uRalates da
muhammedis rjuls ahyven~. nejaSma jafers hkiTxa: `Tqven
rjuls ratom uRalateT da sxva rjulze gadaxvediT? rogorc vxedav, Tqveni xalxis rwmenas gamoyofilxarT da arc
Cems rjulze moqceulxarT. rogoria is rjuli, romlisac
Tqven gwamT? gviambobT mis Sesaxeb?~
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jaferma daiwyo islamis axsna: `xelmwifev! Cven sruliad
gaunaTlebeli xalxi viyaviT. kerpebs vcemdiT Tayvans, mkvdari saqonlis mZors vWamdiT, yovelgvar borotebas CavdiodiT. naTesavebs Soris urTierTobas vwyvetdiT, mezoblebs
cudad veqceodiT. Zlierni susts vCagravdiT, Secodeba ra
iyo, ar vicodiT. aseT mdgomareobaSi viyaviT manam, sanam
uzenaesi allahi Cveni xalxisgan sando, marTal, patosan,
umwikvlo da wesier Suamavals mogvivlenda. is Cven allahis arsebobis, erTobis, dajerebasa da msaxurebisken,
xolo Cveni winaprebis saTayvano qvebisa da kerpebis mitovebisken mogviwodebs. simarTlis Tqmas, mibarebuli amanaTis gafrTxilebas, naTesauri uflebebis dacvas, keTil-
emigracia eTiopiaSi
o
mezoblur urTierTobas gvibrZanebs. gvafrTxilebs, rom
codvebisa da sisxlisRvirsgan Tavi Sors daviWiroT. yovelgvari amoraluri saqcielisgan, tyuilis laparakisgan,
oblebis qonebis miTvisebisgan, namusiani qalebis ciliswamebisgan Sors dgomisaken mogviwodebs. Cven, tolisa da sworis
armyole uzenaes allahze msxureba gvibrZana. amitomac daveTanxmeT da davijereT imisa, rac man allahisgan gvamcno,
Cven misi naTqvami SevasruleT. uzenaes allahs vemsaxureT,
mis mier akrZaluli - haramad, xolo nebadarTuli - alalad vcaniT. ase moviqeciT, magram ratomRac Cveni xalxi
gadagvemtera da usamarTlod mogveqca. maT undaT, rom
rjuli Segvaclevinon da isev kerpebs vceT Tayvani, xeli
SegviSalon allahis mimarT samsaxurSi. amisaTvis yovelgvari tanjva da ubedureba dagvatexes Tavs. Cven despoturad
mogveqcnen, rac SeeZloT Segvaviwroves, rjulSi Cagverien
da misgan Cveni CamoSoreba isurves. amitomac sakuTari samSoblo da miwa-wyali mivatoveT da Tavi Tqvens saxelmwifos
SevafareT. Tqven, sxvaze ufro meti upiratesoba moganiWeT,
Seni mfarveloba da mezobloba mogvewona. vimedovnebT, rom
Tqven ar gvawvalebT da usamarTlod ar mogveqceviT- jaferma saubari ganagrZorac Seexeba misalmebas, Cven, allahis Suamavlis salamiT
mogesalmeT. Cven erTmaneTsac ase vesalmebiT. Suamavalma
gvacnoba, rom samoTxiseulni erTmaneTs ase miesalmebian.
amisaTvis Tqvens udides aRmatebulebas ase mivesalmeT. allahis Suamavlma gvibrZana, rom allahis garda sxva arsebisaTvis qedi ar mogvexara, amitomac amisgan Tavs vikavebT.
nejaSma hkiTxa: `allahis brZanebebaTagan zogierTi ici?
jaferma vicio, rom upasuxa, nejaSma uTxra, wamikiTxeo.
jaferma meriemis suras pirveli aiaTebis kiTxva daiwyo (anqebuTisa da rumis sureebic ikiTxa). nejaSi atirda, Tvalebidan daRvrilma cremlebma wveri dausvela. berebic atirdnen. Semdeg nejaSma da berebmac sTxoves, rom am lamazi da
tkbili sitvebiT cota kidev ekiTxa. jaferma Semdeg qehfis 127
n
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
suras sawyisi aiaTebi waukiTxa.
nejaSma Tavi veRar Seikava da warmosTqva: `geficebi, es
igivea, rac lamparisgan gadmofrqveuli sxivi, aseTi sxiviT
iqnen movlenilni wminda musa da isa (allahi dalocavs da
miesalmeba maT)~. Semdeg yureiSis elCebs miubrunda da uTxra: `wadiT, vficav, rom amaT arc Tqven gagatanT da arc
maT Sesaxeb cud rames vifiqreb~. amis Semdeg abdullah bin
rebiam da amir bin asma iqauroba miatoves.
amirma abdullahs uTxra: `geficebi, maT am danaSauls nejaSs warvudgen da Zirfesvianad gavanadgureb, ai naxe aba,
Sen!~. megobarma amirs Txova: `SeiZleba isini Cvens winaaRmdeg gamodian, magram kargia es Tu cudi, naTesavebi varT da
nu gaakeTeb amas~. amirma miugo: `ara, geficebi, nejaSs unda
gavagebino rom isini wminda isas allahis msaxurad cnoben~
meore dRes, nejaSTan dabrundnen da uTxres: `xelmwifev!
isini mariamis Svils isas Zalian cudad moixseneben. gaugzavne vinme da hkiTxe, Tu ras amboben wminda isas Sesaxeb~.
nejaSma muslimanebi kvlav daibara imis gasarkvevad, Tu ra
Sexedulebis iyvnen wminda isaze. muslimanebma manamde erTmaneTSi moilaparakes, isas Sesaxeb rom gvkiTxos rame, ra
unda vupasuxoTo? jaferma Tqva: `wminda isas Sesaxeb rasac
uzenaesi allahi gvibrZanebs da rac Suamavalma muhammedma
gvamcno, imas vityviT~.
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rodesac nejaSis winaSe warsdgenen, xelmwifem maT hkiTxa:
`ras fiqrobT mariamis Svilis isas Sesaxeb?~ jaferma miugo:
`Cven wminda isas Sesaxeb imas vfiqrobT, rac Suamavalma allahisgan gvacnoba. is uzenaesi allahis mociquli da msaxuri, allahis STagonebuli pirovnebaa da im umwikvlo, wminda
meriemis Svilia, romelmac am qveynisagan da mamakacTagan
Tavi Sors daikava, xolo sicocxle allahis msaxurebas miuZRvna. aseTia wminda isas Rirseba. rogorc yovlisSemZle
allahma wminda adami miwisgan Seqmna, mas imis Zalac Seswevda, rom wminda isa umamod moevlina samyaros~. es sity-
emigracia eTiopiaSi
o
vebi nejaSma rom moismina, xeliT Calis Reri aiRo da Tqva:
`vficav, rom meriemis Svili isa imaze meti ar aris, rasac
Tqven ambobT mis Sesaxeb. Cven Soris am Calis Reris odena
gasxvavebac ki ar aris~.
nejaSi am sityvebs rom ambobda, irgvliv xelisuflebis
umaRlesma pirebma da xelmZRvanelobam erTmaneTs Soris
CurCuli da buzRuni daiwyes. nejaSma rom es SeniSna, maT
uTxra: `Tqven amaT Sesaxeb, rac ar unda TqvaT, vficav, rom
me maT Sesaxeb kargs vfiqrob~. Semdeg musliman emigrantebs
miubrunda da uTxra: `gilocavT Tqven da mas, visganac moxvediT. me mjera, rom is allahis Suamavalia. Cven imis Sesaxeb bibliaSi isedac gvqonda wakiTxuli. amis Sesaxeb meriemis Svilma isam gvacnoba. vficav, is rom aq yofiliyo,
mas fexsacmels mivutandi da fexebs davbandi. wadiT Cemi
qveynis xelSeuxebel kuTxeSi, yovelgvari zewolis gareSe
usafrTxod da mSvidad icxovreT. vinc Tqven borotad mogeqceva, gavanadgureb. mTisodena oqroc rom momcen, arcerT Tqvengans ar gawyenineb~.
amis Semdeg nejaSma yureiSel elCebs motanili saCuqrebi
ukan daubruna da uTxra: `me es saCuqarebi ar mWirdeba. simdidre, romelic viRac viRacebma wamarTves, allahma ukan
damibruna da xalxs Cems winaSe qedi moaxrevina, amisaTvis
mas Cemgan qrTami ar auRia~. yureiSeli elCebi nejaSis rezidenciidan xelcarieli wavidnen. bednierma nejaSma ki islami miiRo, ramac sahabeebi Zalian gaaxara.
mwuxare wlebi.… blokada
warmarTebi, adamianebis gulebSi islamis SeRwevisa da
gavrcelebis Tavidan asacileblad, SeuCerebliv, mTeli
Zal-RoniT ibrZodnen. miuxedavad amisa, muslimanebis raodenoba dRiTidRe, nel-nela izrdeboda. muslimanebis mimarT ganxorcielebulma wamebis auracxelma meTodebma da
despoturobam, maT gza ver Seacvlevina, piriqiT, maTSi kar-
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
gi urTierTdamokidebuleba da simtkice gamoiwvia. rjuls
ukve aravin icvlida da allahis Suamavlis gzaze Tavisganwirvisganac ki ar ixevdnen ukan. amis Sesaxeb meqqas gareT
mcxovrebi tomebi rom ismendnen, maTSi islamisadmi interesi matulobda da rwmenis sxivi ufro Sors miiwevda. warmarTebma, roca gaiges, rom eTiopiaSi gagzavnili elCebi xelcarielni dabrundnen, maTi survilebi ver ganaxorcieles,
ufro metic, nejaSi eshames mier islamis miRebisa da muslimanebis mfarvelobis Sesaxeb informaciebi rom miiRes, Wkuaze SeiSalnen. am tkivilis mwared gadasaxdelad da islamis
fesvebis gasaxmobad isini Seikribnen da aseTi SemaZrwunebeli gadawyvetileba miiRes: `muhammedi, sadac unda iyos,
rodesac unda gamoCndes, iqve unda moiklas! urwmunoebma am
gadawyvetilebaze mtkice fici dades.
rodesac, warmarTebis es gadawyvetileba, ebu talibma
gaigo, aRSfoTda. Zvirfasi, sayvareli ZmisSvilis sicocxles safrTxe emuqreboda. mTeli tomi daibara da maT kacobriobis siamayis warmarTebisagan, dacvis brZaneba misca.
haSimisSvilebi, mTeli naTesauri mondomebiT, am brZanebis
Sesasruleblad gaerTiandnen. Suamavali muhammedi da misi
mimdevari sahabeebi meqqas CrdiloeTiT mdebare (beiTullah)
allahis saxlamde 3 kilometris moSorebiT gorakze (Si’b’i),
ebu talibis dasaxlebaSi dapatiJes. allahis sayvareli Suamavali Tavis sahabeebTan erTad Si’b’Si sacxovreblad gadavida. haSimisSvilebTagan, mxolod ebu jehili gamovida,
Suamavlis dacvis gadawyvetilebis winaaRmdegi da Si’b’Si ar
wavida. ebu jehilTan erTad warmarTebi gaerTiandnen da
Suamavlis mokvlisaTvis xelsayrel dros elodebodnen.
`roca warmarTebma muslimanebi ebu talibis ubanSi, erTad Tavmoyrili dainaxes, isev Seikribnen da Semdegi gadawyvetileba miiRes:
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sanam muhammed Suamavals mosaklavad yureiSelebs ar Caabarebdnen, maT da haSimisSvilebs Soris ar iqneboda qor-
emigracia eTiopiaSi
o
wineba! aRar moxdeboda maT Soris yidva-gayidva, Sexvedra,
saubari, saxlebSi an ubanSi misvla-mosvla! maTgan SemoTavazebuli SeTanxmeba araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar miiReboda da
maT araviTar SemTxvevSi Seicodebden! warmarTebma es gadawyvetileba mansur bin iqrimes furcelze daawerines da
yvelas dasanaxad wminda qaabes kedelze Camohkides.
am ambavma allahis SuamavalTan rom moaRwia, mas Zalian
ewyina da Seevedra. allahma maSinve ismina misi vedreba da
ubedur mansurs xelebi gauxmo. warmarTebi gaognebuli darCnen. SexedeT, haSimisSvilebis mimarT Cadenili usamarTlobis sapasuxod, mansurs xelebi gauxmao. isini Wkuaze mosvlis
nacvlad, ufro gaSmagdnen. Si’b’Si mimaval gzaze mcvelebi
daayenes da iq saWmlisa da Casacmelis Setana aRkveTes. meqqaSi mosul vaWrebs Si’b’Si wasvlis da vaWrobis nebas ar
aZlevdnen, Tu saWiro gaxdeboda, ufro Zvirs gadaixdidnen da TviTon daitovebdnen. ise egonaT, rom Si’b’Si wasuli haSimisSvilebi, SimSiliT daixocebodnen, an iZulebuli
gaxdebodnen da wminda muhammeds mosaklavad gaimetebdnen.
aseTi viTareba yovel wels, qaabas tradiciuli monaxulebis
periodamde grZeldeboda.
tradiciebis mixedviT, am perodSi sisxlisRvra ar SeiZleboda. amitomac haSimisSvilebi Tavisuflad midiodnen
meqqaSi da erTi wlis sakmaris, yvelafers yidulobdnen.
muslimanebi romelime vaWarTan raimis sayidlad rom mividodnen, warmarTTa gavleniani pirebi ebu lehebisa da ebu
jehilis saxiT, miuswrebdnen da vaWrebs etyodnen: `vaWrebo! muhammedis sahabeebisTvis fasebs imdenad moumateT, rom
siZviris gamo, veravin verafris yidva SeZlos. Tu saqonels
ver gayidiT, mzad varT, yvela Cven viyidoT~. amitom vaWrebi
sahabeebs Zalian Zvirs ufasebdnen, ris gamoc muslimanebi
ukan xelcarielni brundebodnen.
am gzaze, sayvarelma Suamavalma, wminda hatijem da wminda
ebu beqirma mTeli qoneba daxarjes, raTa SiSilisgan mtira-
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
li bavSvebi daepurebinaT. maSin roca, rac xelT ebadaT gamoeliaT, balaxebisa da xis foTlebis Wama daiwyes. bolos,
bavSvebs SimSilis gamo rom ar etiraT, amisaTvis gamxmari
saqonlis tyavs daasvelebdnen, cecxlze moxarSavdnen da
aWmevdnen. upirvelesad, sayvarelma Suamavalma, Semdeg ki
sahabeebma SimSilisgan mucelze qva miibes. atirebuli bavSvebis gaCumebisaTvis zrunvaSi, dedebi uaRresad dasustdnen. muslimTagan vinme romelime warmarTs rom Secodeboda
da rame SeWamadi mietana, mas scemdnen da Seuracxyofdnen.
erTi sityviT misvla-mosvla akrZaluli da viTareba ki Zalian daZabuli iyo.
warmarTebi aseTi sazareli da despoturi qmedebebiT, haSimisSvilebis Wkuaze mosvlas da ebu talibis mier wminda
muhammedis gadacemas elodebodnen. ebu talibis ubanSi mcxovrebi muslimanebi ki maTi miznebis sapirispirod, sayvarel Suamavals icavdnen da misTvis rom ziani aravis mieyenebina, yovelgvar zomebs iRebdnen. ebu talibi, mosalodneli
boroti ganzraxvis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, allahis Suamavals zogjer Tavis saxlSi aZinebda. Suamavali muhammedi ki sruliad SeuCerebliv, allahis brZanebis Sesrulebas
agrZelebda da islamis gavrcelebisTvis erT wamsac ki ar
kargavda. am wminda gzaze rCeva-darigebebs didi moTminebiT
arigebda. yureiSelebisTvis, romlebmac misi Suamavloba ar
irwmunes da sicrueSi dasdes brali, ase Seevedra: `Cemo allaho! wminda iusuf Suamavlis dros, Svidi SimSilobis wlis
msgavsad, amaT Svidi tanjvis weli argune da damexmare.~
amis Semdeg, didxans zecidan wveTi wvima aRar Camovardnila. miwa uwylobisgan gamoxma. niadagze mwvane mcenare
aRarsad Canda. warmarTebi gaognebuliyvnen, veRar xvdebodnen, ra daatydaT Tavze. SimSiliT gawyvetili saqonlis mZorebisa da amyralebuli ZaRlis tyavebis WamiT sicocxles
ebRauWebodnen. maTma Svilebmac SimSiliT godeba da kvnesa
132 daiwyes. umravlesoba SimSiliT mokvda kidec. roca zecis-
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emigracia eTiopiaSi
o
ken aixedavdnen, SimSilis gamo garemos kvamliT dafaruls
xedavdnen. bolos TiTqosda mixvdnen, rom es yvelaferi, namoqmedari despoturi saqcielis gamo arguna RmerTma. amis
gamo warmaTebma ebu sufeani sayvarel SuamavlTan wargzavnes. ebu sufeani SuamavalTan mivida da uTxra: ` muhammed!
Sen amtkiceb, rom qveynierebis wyalobad xar movlenili,
allahis rwmenasa da naTesauri uflebebis yuradRebas gvibrZaneb. Tumca Seni xalxi gvalvisa da SimSilisgan wydeba.
Seevedre Sens baton-patrons (allahs), gadagvarCinos am ubedurebisgan. uzenaesi allahi usaTuod ismens Sens vedrebas.
im pirobiT, Tu CvenTvis allahs ase Seavedreb, geficebiT,
yvela CvenTagani viwamebT Sens rjuls~.
amrigad, Suamavalsa da sahabeebze miyenebuli tanjva-wameba daiviwyes da gaWirvebisgan sxva gamosavali rom veRar
ipoves, allahis Suamavls vedreba dauwyes. sayvarel Suamavals maTi namoqmedari pirSi ar miuxlia, xelebi aRapyro da
uzenaes allahs Seevedra. allahma Tavisi sayvareli msaxuris vedreba ismina da meqqas uxvi wvima uboZa. wyals mowyurebuli miwa wyliT gaiJRinTa da mcenareebma ayvaveba daiwyo. warmarTebma miuxedavd imisa, rom gvalvasa da gaWirvbas
gadarCnen, micemuli sityva daviwyebas misces da isev RvTis
gmoba daiwyes.
warmarTebma viwamebTo Tqves, magram dapirebuli sityva
gatexes da isev despotobas mihyves xeli. uzenaesma allahma erT dRes sayvarel Suamavals zeSTagonebiT acnoba, rom
wminda qaabas kedelze Camokidebul furcels xis matli Seasia, da maT Tavisi saxelis garda, yvela sxva warwera gaanadgurebina. allahis Suamavalma ebu talibs uTxra: `biZaCemo!
Cemma baton-patronma, uzenaesma allahma, yureiSelebis nawer
furclebs xis matli Seusia, garda Tavisi saxelisa, masze aRwerili despotizmi, naTesauri kavSiris gawyvetisa da ciliswamebis msgavsi sakiTxebi arcerTi daatovebina~.
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
ebu talibma hkiTxa:` es Senma baton-patronma (allahma)
gacnoba?~ allahis Suamavalma miugo: `diax, man macnoba~.
maSin ebu talibma uTxra: `dagerwmunebi, rom Sen rasac ambob, simarTlea~. maSinve Caicva da qaabaSi wavida. yureiSis gavlenianma warmarTebma dainaxes, rom ebu talibi qaabeSi mivida, ifiqres, etyoba ebu talibma muhammedi unda
gadmogvceso. ebu talibi maT miuaxlovda da ganucxada:
`yureiSelebo! yovelTvis sando da marTalis mTqmelma ZmisSvilma, macnoba, rom Tqvens mier daweril furcelze allahis saxelis garda sxva yvela sityva saTiTaod matlebs
SeuWamiaT. midiT, moitaneT Cvens sawinaaRmdegod dawerili
furceli da vnaxoT, aba! Tu es ambavi marTalia, vficav, yvela CvenTagani sikvdilamde mas mfarvelobas ar movaklebT.
Tqvenc ikmareT amdeni despotoba da boroti qcevebi~.
warmarTebma, didi mRelvarebiT, qaabes kedlidan furceli CamoiRes da moitanes. ebu talibma uTxra: `waikiTxeT!~
Semdeg erT-erTma maTganma, roca furceli wasakiTxad gaxsna, `bismiqe allahumme~-s garda yvela naweri waSliliyo.
warmarTebma gaognebisgan veRar mixvdnen ra eTqvaT da ra
gaekeTebinaT. ufro metic, zogierTi maTganis moTxovniT
samwliani, dauviwyari tkivilis kvalis damtovebeli, saSineli blokada gaauqmes. magram mtrobisgan xeli ver aiRes,
piriqiT, muslimanTa wameba gaamkacres. islamis gavrcelebis
aRsakveTad yovel xerxs mimarTes. miuxedavad maTi amdeni
garjisa, islami mainc swrafad vrceldeboda. allahis sayvareli Suamavali umecrebis xanis sibneleSi myofi adamianebis gadasarCenad zrunavda da WeSmariti bednierebisken
mouwodebda. bednierebas miRweuli xalxi allahs udides
madlobas swiravda. maT veranairi tanjva-wameba aSinebdaT. wminda muhammedis saswaulebisa da muslimanebis mier
rjulis mimarT gamoCenili erTgulebis wyalobiT uamravi
adamiani islamis SuqiT gasxivosnda.
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emigracia eTiopiaSi
o
mTvaris orad gayofa
ukeTilSobilesi muhammed Suamavalis uamrav saswaulTagan, erT-erTi da metad mniSvnelovani mTvaris orad gayofaa. erTxel warmarTTa erTi jgufi ebu jehilisa da velid
bin muRires monawileobiT, allahis sayvarel SuamavalTan
mividnen da uTxres: `Tu Sen namdvilad Suamavali xar, mTvare orad gahyav, erTi naxevari quaiqianis mTaze, xolo meore
naxevari ebu qubeisis mTaze dagvanaxe~.maSin allahis Suamavalma hkiTxa: `Tqveni moTxovna rom Sevasrulo, daijerebT
Cems Suamavlobas?~ warmarTebi Sepirdnen, davijerebTo. amis
Semdeg sayvarelma Suamavalma allahs mTvaris orad gayofa
Seevedra. sayvarel Suamavals maSinve jebrail angelozi gamoecxada da acnoba: `muhammed! acnobe meqqelebs, amaRam saswauls ixilaven~. sayvarelma Suamavalma, meqqelebs acnoba,
rom visac saswaulis naxva unda, mTvaris gayofas uyuroso.
im Rames, roca sayvarelma Suamavalma mTvarisken TiTi gaiSvira, mTvare orad gaiyo da erTi naxevari quaiqianis mTaze,
xolo meore ebu qubeisis mTaze gamoCnda. cota xnis Semdeg
xelmeored SeerTda.
sayvarelma allahis Suamavalma sahabeebs uTxra: `ebu
seleme bin abdulesed, erqam bin ebil erqam! mowme iyaviT~, Semdeg miubrunda da yvela iq myofs mimarTa, mowme iyaviTo.
warmarTebma sakuTari TvaliT kidev erTi saswauli dainaxes, magram, rogorc yovelTvis, exlac sityva gatexes, ar
irwmunes, amasTan erTad, sxvebsac rom ar daejeraT, amisaTvis moigones, rom es mxolod da mxolod muhammedis jadoqrobis Sedegia, aba, sxva qveynebidan mosul xalxs vkiTxoT, maTac Tu dainaxes igive movlenao. Tu Camosul xalxs
aqvs nanaxi es faqti, maSin muhammedis Suamavloba namdvilia.
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, es mxolod da mxolod jadoao. sxva
qveynebidan mosulebs hkiTxes, yvelam upasuxa: `diax, im Rames Cvenc vnaxeT, rom mTvare orad gaiyo~. yvelas pasuxi
erTi iyo, magram islamis mowinaaRmdegebma mainc uarhyves
es movlena. uarmyofelTa saTaveSi ebu jehili idga. xalxs 135
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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rom ar daejera, igi gaiZaxoda: `ebu talibis oblis jado
zecazec ki zegavlenas axdenso~. aseTi qcevebiT adamianTa
gulebSi eWvebs Tesavdnen.
allahma Tqvenc WeSmariteba gargunoT wilad
warmarTebis mier muslimanebis winaaRmdeg mowyobili
blokadis gauqmebis Semdeg, nejaranis tomidan erTi jgufi
allahis SuamavalTan movida. es jgufi oci kacisgan Sesdgeboda, maT eTiopiaSi emigrirebul sahabeebisgan, islamis
Sesaxeb raRac-raRacaebi gaegoT, amitom SuamavalTan Sesaxvedrad da islamis Sesaswavlad meqqaSi movidnen. isini allahis Suamavals wminda qaabasTan Sexvdnen da uamravi kiTxva dausves, razedac SesaniSnavi da lamazi pasuxebi miiRes.
yureiSeli warmarTebi maT garSemo idgnen da situacias
akvirdebodnen. qveynierebas wyalobad movlenili Suamavali maT yurani qerimidan aiaTebs ukiTxavda, ramac stumrebi Zalian didi zegavlenis qveS moaqcia. maT cremlebi
veRar Seikaves da atirdnen. Semdeg Suamavalma maT islamis miReba SeTavaza, razedac didi kmayofilebiT da mTeli sixaruliT qelimei SehadeTi warmosTqves muslimanebi
gaxdnen. rodesac mosulebma TavianT qveynebSi dabrunebis
neba iTxoves, maTTan ebu jehili mivida da Seuracxmyofeli
sityvebiT mimarTa: `TqvenisTana briyvi xalxi arsad gvinaxavs. masTan erTi SexvedriT sakuTar rjuls uRalateT da
rac giTxraT yvelaferze daeTanxmeT~. warmarTebs axalma
sahabeebma ase miuges: `allahs vevedrebiT, raTa WeSmariteba
Tqvenc gargunoT wilad, Cvens winaSe umecreba gamoiCineT
da Seuracxyofa mogvayeneT, mag Cven Tqven winaSe ase ar
moviqceviT. marTalia, Cven Tqveni ufleba ar Segvilaxavs,
magram isic kargad icodeT, rom ramdenime umecaris sityvis
gamo, am udidesi wyalobis dakargvas araviTar SemTxvevaSi
visurvebT. amitomac icodeT, rom am WeSmarit rwmenas aRar
SevicliT. Konu ile ilgili son kısım eksik.
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emigracia eTiopiaSi
o
mwuxarebis weli
allahis sayvareli Suamavlis ufrosi vaJi, yasimi Cvidmeti Tvisa gardaicvala. am samwuxaro movlenidan, wlebis Semdeg, meore vaJi abdullahic gardaicvala. allahis Suamavali Tvalcremliani mTisken mibrunda da Tavisi mwuxareba
ase gamoxata: `mTav! rac me Tavs gadamxda, analogiuri ram Sen
rom mogsvloda, ver gauZlebdi da waiqceodi~. Semdeg roca
wminda hatijem hkiTxa: `allahis Suamavalo, isini sad arian
axla?~ Suamavalma miugo: `isini axla samoTxeSi arian~.
warmarTebs Zlier gauxardaT, roca kacobriobis siamayes
meore vaJic gardaecvala. am viTarebiT ebu jehilis msgavsma
urwmunoebma isargebles da yvirili atexes: `ukve muhammedi
ebTeria, STamomavlobis gamagrZelebeli vaJi aRar darCa,
TviTonac rom gardaicvleba, misi saxeli sruliad daviwyebas miecema~ amis Semdgom uzenaesma allahma qevseris sura
zegardmoavlina da Suamavali daamSvida. aiaTis mniSvneloba
Semdegia: `sayvarelo Suamavalo! ueWvelia rom Cven Sen qevseri giboZeT (qevseris auzi: uamravi wyaloba mogeciT, garda
amisa qevseri samoTxeSi Suamavalze boZebuli auzia, saidanac misma mimdevarma wyali unda dalios). maS ase, iloce Seni
gamCenisaTvis da Sewire zvaraki.~ usaTuod, mas ar darCeba
STamomavali da saxelis mxsenebeli, vinc Sen avad gaxsena
(vinc Sen ebTeri giwoda, TviTon aris STamomavloba gawyvetili, naZraxi da uRirsi. Seni da Seni spetaki STamomavalis
Rirseba warRvnamde gagrZeldeba. saiqioSi ki Sen warmoudgeneli, uamravi Rirseba mogekuTvneba)~.
allahis sayvareli Suamavlis meore vaJis gardacvalebis
Semdeg dReebSi, biZa ebu talibi gaxda avad. mas avadmyofoba dRiTidRe urTuldeboda. am viTarebidan gamomdinare,
warmarTebma moilaparakes; ebu talibma Tavis sicocxleSi
bevri izruna muhammedis mfarvelobisTvis, ukve misi saiqioSi gadasaxlebis droc moaxlovda, mivideT da movinaxuloT ukanasknel dReebSio. vinaidan hamzasa da omarisTana
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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ubadlo, warmosadegi da uSiSari vaJkacebi muslimani gaxdnen. yovel dRes arabi tomebi jguf-jgufad modian da misi
mimdevari xdebian. amgvarad, muslimanTa ricxvi dRiTidRe
matulobs da maTi xma zecas swvdeba, amitom, aseT mdgomareobaSi an unda davemorCiloT, an xocva-JletisaTvis
saomrad unda movemzadoT. mivideT ebu talibTan, viTareba
gavacnoT da Segvarigos. arc Cven davesxmiT maT rjuls da
nurc isini Seuracxyofen Cven rwmenas. warmarTebi am mizniT
ebu talibTan mividnen.
uqbes, Seibes, ebu jehilisa da umeiie bin halefis msgavsi
cnobili pirebi ebu talibis dasxdnen dasxdnen da moaxsnes:
`Cven gvjera Seni sididisa da upiratesobisa. Sen, amis gamo,
arasodes SegwinaaRmdgebivarT. vSiSobT, rom Seni gardacvalebis Semdeg, muhammedi ar mogveSveba, amitom, Cvens Soris
mtroba da SuRli isev gagrZeldeba. Segvarige da erTmaneTs
Soris religiuri dapirispireba nuRar gevqneba~.
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ebu talibma sayvarel Suamavals dauZaxa da uTxra:
`yureiSis avtoritetuli pirebi gTxoven, rom maT rjulSi
aRar Caerio. Tu am Txovnas daTanxmdebi, maSin Sen brZanebas daemorCilebian da yvelaferSi dagexmarebian. am sityvebis mosmenis Semdeg, wminda Suamavalma brZana: `biZaCemo!
me minda, rom maT mxolod erT sityvisken movuwodo, sityvas,
romlis winaSe yvela arabi qeds moidreks, araarabebi ki jizias (1) gadaixdian”. (1)(suladobrivi gadasaxadi, romelic
ikribeboda ara muslimanebisgan) Semdeg yureiS didgvarovnebs mimarTa: `diax, Tu Tqven, erT sityvas metyviT, amiT yvela arabze ufro maRla dadgebiT, ara arabebi ki Tqven winaSe
qeds moidreken~. _ `SeiZleba, amas aTmagad vityviT. ra aris
eg sityva?~ - hkiTxes misulebma. allahis Suamavalma upasuxa: `ityviT: `la illahe illallah~ (ar arsebobs RvTaeba
garda allahisa) da allahis garda sxva saTayvano kerpebs ki
mospobT, gadayriT~. warmarTebma es rom gaigones, Suamavals
uTxres: `Cvengan, amis garda, sxva rame moiTxove!~... Suamavalma uTxra: `Tundac mze momitanoT da xelebSi CamidoT,
emigracia eTiopiaSi
o
Tqvengan amis garda sxvas arafers moviTxov~.
warmarTebma miuges: `yasimis mamav! Zalian ucnaur rames
gvTavazob. Cven Seni xaTriT gvindoda, mogyolodiT, magram
Sen Cveni xaTri srulebiT ara gaqvs~. Semdeg adgnen da wavidnen. ebu talibi wminda Suamavals miubrunda da uTxra:
`sakmaod kargad uTxari, lamazad gamoxate, rasac moiTxovdi yureiSelebisgan~. biZas am sityvam wminda muhammedi
daaimeda da mixvda, rom ebu talibi rwmenisken modioda. `ei,
biZa! erTxel mainc warmosTqvi `la ilahe illallah, raTa
gankiTxvis dRes dagexmaro~. ebu talibma upasuxa: `Semdeg
Seni xalxi ras ityvis, vSiSob, ar Semarcxvinon, sikvdilis
SeeSinda da imitom gamuslimandao, Torem Sen yovelTvis pativs gcemdi~. amis Semdeg ebu talibi male gardaicvala.
wminda hatijes gardacvaleba
allahis sayvareli Suamavlis dardis moziare, cxovrebis
megobari, hatijec sam wliani blokadis dardiTa da wuxiliT, hijreTamde sami wliT adre, ramazanis Tvis dasawyisSi, 65 wlis asakSi gardaicvala. samyaros pativcemulma
Suamavalma wminda hatije Tavisi dalocvili xelebiT miabara miwas. erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, sayvareli meuRlisa da
mfarveli biZas gardacvalebam is Zalian daamwuxra. aqedan
gamomdinare, am wels seneT-ul-huzn, anu mwuxarebis weli
ewoda.
hatijes gardacvalebam sayvareli Suamavali metismetad
daaRona da daamwuxra. radgan is iyo pirveli, romelmac
iwama da daemowma Suamavals. garda amisa, is iyo misi yvelaze didi mxardamWeri da manugeSebeli. maSin, roca yvela mas
emtereboda, xatijem guli gadauSala da Suamavlis siyvaruliT gaavso. man mTeli Tavisi qoneba, simdidre _ rac ebada, yvelaferi islamis gzaze daxarja, sayvareli Suamavlis
samsaxurSi dauRalavad Sromobda. arasodes uwyeninebia da
xaTri ar gautexia misTvis. sayvareli Suamavali amis Sesaxeb
drodadro ixsenebda da dalocvil meuRleebs eubneboda. 139
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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xeli kiserTan gauSeSda…
qveynierebis sayvareli Suamavali, adamianTagan yvelaze
ubednieres sahabeebs Seudarebeli saubrebiT gulebs unaTebda. zegardmovlenil wminda aiaTebs ise umartavda, rom
auxsnel da gaugebars arafers tovebda. garda amisa, warmarTebis TavSeyris adgilebSi midioda, Seudrekelad da dauzareblad maT rwmenisken mouwodebda. amitom, ebu jehili da
velid bin muRire Zalian brazdebodnen da ambobdnen: `Tu
ase gaagrZela, muhammedi yvelas Tavis rjulze gadaiyolebs
da kerpebis Tayvanimcemels aRar datovebs~. bolos daaskvnes, rom am saqmis dasrulebis erTaderTi gza qveynierebis batonis, sayvareli muhammedis mokvla iyo. ebu jehili,
velid bin muRire mazunisSvilebisgan ramdenime axalgazrdasTan erTad beiTullahTan (allahis saxli) mividnen. im
dros sayvareli Suamavali loculobda. ebu jehilma xelSi
qva aiRo, pirdapir misken gaeqana, da is iyo qva pativcemul
SuamavlisTvis unda daertya, rom aweuli xelebi umoqmedod gauCerda. veraferi rom ver gaakeTa, gaognebuli darCa. iseT mdgmareobaSi warmarTebTan dabrunda. Semdeg misi
xeli Zvel mdgomareobas daubrunda, qvac Zirs duvarda.
imave qvas mazunisSvilebTagan erT-erTma daavlo xeli da
Tqva: `ai, naxavT axla, mas me movklav!~ da Suamavlisken gaeqana. roca miuaxlovda Tvalebi daubrmavda da veraferi dainaxa. amis Semdeg mazunisSvilebi, yvela erTad, Suamavlisken
daiZren. roca Suamavals sakmaod miuaxlovdnen, is veRar
dainaxes, magram misi xma esmodaT. saidanac xma esmodaT, im
kuTxisken mibrundnen, magram am dros xma isev adrindeli
adgilidan ismoda. urwmunoni ramdenjerme gaxdnen msgavsi
movlenis momswreni. amis Sesaxeb uzenaesma allahma wminda
aiaTi gardmoavlina. misi mniSvneloba Semdegia:
`maT win da ukan kedeli aRvmarTeT. Tvalebze farda CamovafareT, awi isini veRar dainaxaven.~3
140 3. iasinis sura: 36/ 9.
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emigracia eTiopiaSi
o
taifelebis moxmoba islamisken
miuxedavad imisa, rom warmarTebi sayvareli Suamavlis
Zalian bevri saswaulis momwreni gaxdnen, mainc ar iwames
islami. amasTan erTad, gamuslimanebulebis bavSvebis, daZmebis, naTesavebisa da megobrebis wamebisganac ki ar daixies
ukan. warmarTebis gaZlierebuli despotobis gamo, sayvareli Suamavali Zalian Sewuxebuli iyo. Suamavalma gadawyvita
meqqas axlos, taifSi wasuliyo da iqauri xalxi islamisken
moexmo. zeid bin harises TanxlebiT taifSi mivida. iqaur
gavlenian pirebs, amiris Svilebs: abd’i ialils, habibsa da
mesuds Sexvdnen, islami auxsna da allahis rwmenis miReba
SeTavaza. maT islami ar iwames da amasTan erTad sayvarel
Suamavals Seuracxyofac ki miayens. is aseTi uxamsi sityvebiT gaistumres: `uzenaesma allahma Sens garda sxva veravin
mogvivlina Suamavlad? gana ar Seswevda imis Zala, rom sxva
moevlina? Cveni samSoblodan gadi da sadac ginda, iq wadi!...
Senma xalxma ar daijera Seni mowodebisa da amitom moxvedi
CvenTan, ara? geficebiT, rom Cvenc Sengan Sors daviWerT
Tavs da arcerTi CvenTagani ar davijerebT Sens mowodebas~.
allahis sayvareli Suamavali maTgan, ganawyenebuli wamovida. Semdeg saqifis toms mouwoda islamisken. magram arc
maT iwames da amasTan erTad kidec dascines, awvales da gaamasxaraves. bavSvebi da axalgazrdebi im gzis piras daayenes,
sadac mas unda gaevlo, qvebi dauSines da Tavs daesxnen. taifSi axalgazrdebma Suamavals qvebi rom dauSines, zeid bin
harise sxeuliT gadaefara da ase cdilobda misTvis ziani
Tavidan aecilebina, Suamavlis garSemo aqeT-iqiT trialebda, raTa nasroli qvebi ar moxvedroda. xolo Tavisken wamosul qvebs yuradRebasac ki ar aqcevda. maS ase, samyaros
batons qvebs uSenen, awameben, awvaleben da cdiloben, rom
samSoblodan gaaZevon.…
zeid bin harise, Suamavlis dasacavad, iqeT-aqeT darboda,
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
qvebi ki Tavze, tanze, fexebze, erTmaneTis miyolebiT, xvdeboda. amis gamo zeid bin harises mTeli sxeuli dasisxlianebuli hqonda, magram sayvareli Suamavlis dasacavad mTel
Zal-Rones ar iSurebda da qvebis damSen despotebs mTeli
xmiT uyviroda: nu izamT, nu esvriT qvebs!... is samyaros
batonia, allahis Suamavalia is... Cemi sxeuli Tundac nakuw-nakuwad aqcieT, oRond mas zians nu miayenebT. qvebi,
romelsac zeidi ver gadaefara, Suamavals moxvda da fexebi
dausisxliana.
sayvareli Suamavali Zalian nawyeni, daRlili da daWrili
ori Zmis _ uqbesa da Seibes baRs miuaxlovda. iq, morwmuneebisTvis Tavganwirulma allahis Suamavalma fexebze sisxli
gaiwminda, abdesi aiRo, ori muxli locva Seasrula, Semdeg
dalocvili xelebi aRapyro da vedreba aRavlina.
am mdgomareobas baRis mepatroneebi xedavdnen. dainaxes,
rac gadaxda Tavs allahis Suamavals, wyalobis gakeTebis
survilma sZliaT da msaxur addasis xeliT yurZeni gaugzavnes. sayvarelma Suamavalma bismillah (allahis saxeli
axsena) warmosTqva da yurZnis Wama daiwyo. yurZnis momtanma msaxurma es sityva (bismillah) rom gaigona, gaocda da
hkiTxa: `ramdenime welia aq var, magram aseTi sityva aravisgan gamigonia, ras niSnavs, rogori sityvaa es?~
allahis Suamavalma hkiTxa, Tu sadauri iyo igi. addasma miugo: `ninevidan varo~. _ `Sen Suamavali iunusis samSoblodan yofilxar~ _ uTxra Suamavalma. addasma upasuxa:
`Sen iunuss saidan icnob? mas xom aq veravin icnobs~ allahis
Suamavalma mosamsaxures uTxra: `is Cemi Zma aris, isic iseTi
Suamavali iyo, rogoric me var.~
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aRtacebulma addasma Tqva: `aseTi, lamazi saxis mqone da
tkbilad moubari adamiani SeuZlebelia cru iyos~. Semdeg
uTxra: `me davijere, rom Sen ueWvelad allahis Suamavali
xar~ da islami miiRo. amis Semdeg allahis Suamavals mouyva:
`ramdenime welia am despotebsa da matyuarebs vemsaxurebi.
emigracia eTiopiaSi
o
isini yvelas atyueben da sxvis wilxvedrs miirTmeven. eseni yovelmxriv cudi adamianebi arian. amqveyniuri siamovnebisaTvis da qonebis mopovebisaTvis yovelgvar sisaZagles
Cadian. mezizReba isini, TqvenTan erTad minda wamovide, minda Tqvens samsaxurSi viyo, umecrebisa da briyvebis mier
Tqvens mimarT Cadenili Tavxeduri qcevebis winaaRmdeg vibrZolo da Tqveni dalocvili sxulis dasacavd Tavi gavwiro”.
allahis Suamavals gaeRima da uTxra: `axla batonTan darCi, cota xnis Semdeg, Cems saxels yvelgan gaigeb da maSin modi
CemTan~. amis Semdeg allahis Suamavalma cota daisvena da
meqqasken gaudga gzas. qalaqamde cotaRa manZili rom darCa,
SeniSna, rom mas Rrubeli Crdilad dahyveboda, kargad rom
daakvirda, mixvda, rom angelozi jebraili iyo. am movlenis
Sesaxeb, sayvarelma Suamavalma, wminda aiSes uambo.
sahih burasa da ahmed bin hanbelis musnedSi gadmocemis
mixedviT, erT dRes aiSem allahis Suamavals hkiTxa: `allahis Suamavalo, rogorc uhudis dRes iwvale, msgavsi sxva
tkiviliani dRe gqonia?~ sayvarelma Suamavalma aseTi pasuxi gasca: `allahs vficav, rom rac Senma xalxma mawvala, imdeni uhudis wminda brZolaSi urwmunoebisgan ar gadamxdenia
Tavs...
rodesac ibn’i abd’i da ialili bin abd’i qulales, Cemi Suamavlobis Sesaxeb vauwye da rwmenisken movuwode ar daijeres.
maTgan imdenad natanji wamovedi, rom sanam yarn’i sealibamde
movidodi, gons ver movedi. iq Tvalebi zecisken mivapyari da
davinaxe, rom zemoT Rrubeli qanaobda. davakvirdi da RrubelSi angelozi jebraili davinaxe. man miTxra: `muhammed!
uzenaesma allahma gaigo xalxis siavis Sesaxeb, gaigo Seni
sityvebi da icis, rom xalxs ar unda Seni dacva. Sen, es,
mTebis msxuri angelozi mogivlina da rac dagWirdeba, mas
daavaleb~. Semdeg im angelozma damiZaxa, momesalma da miTxra:
`muhammed! rogorc jebrailma gacnoba, WeSmaritma allahma
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
me, mTebis msaxuri angelozi, SenTan momavlina, raTa rasac
moisurveb, me mibrZano, mzad var Seni brZaneba Sevasrulo.
ai im ori cicabo mTis (quaiqianis mTisa da ebu qubeisis
mTis) meqqelebis Tavze damxoba Tu gsurs (warmarTebis sruliad gawyveta), mibrZane da Sevasruleb~. me ar davTanxmdi da
vuTxri, rom me samyaros wyalobad var movlenili da uzenaes
allahs, am warmarTTa modgmidan, mxolod da mxolod allahis WeSmariti Tayvanismcemeli, misi WeSmariti mimdevari STamomavlobis gamoyvanisTvis vevedrebi!~
sayvarelma Suamavalma taifidan meqqaSi ukan dabrunebisas
nehladwodebul adgilas cotaTi daisvena. am dros, roca
salocavad dadga, nusaibis jinebma, masTan axlos gavlisas, yuranis kiTxvis xma gaigones, SeCerdnen da yuradRebiT
mousmines, Semdeg Suamavals esaubren da muslimanebi gaxdnen. Suamavalma maT Txova, roca Tqvens tomTan mixvalT, maTac
acnobeT Cemi mowodeba da isinic rwmenisken moixmeTo. roca
jinebi TavianT xalxTan mividnen da acnobes momxdaris Sesaxeb, yvela maTganma iwama islami. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT
wminda yuranSi, jinis suraSi da wminda hadisis buharisa da
muslimis wyaroebSi aris moxsenebuli.
warmosTqviT: “la ilahe illallah” da gadarCiT…
allahis sayvareli, wminda muhammed Suamavali, muT’im bin
abdis daxmarebiT meqqaSi dabrunda da xalxis WeSmarit gzaze dadgomis mowodeba ganagrZo. am moqmedebis gamo warmarTebi kidev ufro gaSmagdnen da tanjva-wameba, adrindelze SedarebiT, uaresad gaamkacres. maSin uzenaesma allahma
sayvarel muhammed Sumavals qaabas mosanaxuleblad mosuli,
arabi tomebis islamisken moxmoba daavala.
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sayvareli Suamavali allahis am brZanebis Sesasruleblad, meqqas axlo-maxlo gaSlil zulmejazis, uqazisa da
mejennes bazrobebze wavida, tomebs allahis erTobaze, masze Tayvaniscemisken da sakuTari Tavis allahis Suamavlad
emigracia eTiopiaSi
o
dajerebisken mouwodebda. vinc iwamebda, auwyebda, rom allahi maT samoTxiT daajildovebda. miuxedavad imisa, rom
allahis Suamavali evedreboda, raTa maT ewamaT erTaderTi
allahisa, samwuxarod, yuradRebas aravin aqcevda, zogierTebi uxeSad eqceodnen, Seuacxyofdnen, saxes moRuSavdnen
da cud sityvebs hkadrebdnen. yureiSeli warmarTebi Suamavals ukan dahyvebodnen da romel tomTanac mividoda, im
toms Suamavlis winaaRmdeg aqezebdnen.
imami ahmed beihaqi, Taberani da ibni ishaqis gadmocemis
mixedviT, rebia bin abbadi mogviTxrobs: `axalgazrda viyavi
maSin, roca mamasTan erTad minaSi wavedi, allahis Suamavali arabi tomebis sacxovrebel adgilas midioda da ase mouwodebda: `mavanno! me im uzenaes allahis Suamavali var, romelic Tqven gibrZanebs, rom gadayaroT kerpebi, romlebsac
Tayvans scemT, emsaxureT tolisa da sworis armyole uzenaes
allahs. gTxovT damerwmunoT, dameTanxmoT da damicvaT manam,
sanam Cemze dakisrebul movaleobas agixsniT srulad~.
Suamavalma sityva rom daamTavra, erTma elamma, nawnavebianma kacma iq myofT mimarTa: `mavanno! am adamians unda
Cvens kerpebze _ laTsa da uzzaze Tayvaniscema agvikrZalos
da Tavis mogonil rjulze gvepatiJeba! frTxilad iyaviT…
yuradReba ar miaqcioT da ar mihyveT mas!~ me mamaCems vkiTxe: `vin aris is pirovneba, vinc mas ukan dahyveba-meTqi~, man
mipasuxa, misi biZa ebu jehilio..
Taberani, tariy bin abdullahi ase gadmogvcems: `allahis
Suamavali zulmejazis bazrobaze davinaxe, adamianebis gasagonad xmamaRla iZaxda: `adamianebo! warmoTqviT: `la ilahe
illallah~ (ar arsebobs RvTaeba garda allahisa) da gadarCiT~. mas viRac ukan dahyveboda, qvebs fexebSi esroda da
yviroda: `sazogadoebav, mas ar daujeroT!... frTxilad iyaviT misgan!… vinaidan is cruobs!~... Suamavals moxvedrili
qvebisgan fexebi dasisxlianebuli hqonda, miuxedavaT aseTi
mdgomareobisa, is Seudrekelad, dauRalavad agrZelebda
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mowodebas. Semdeg, erTma ikiTxa: `vin aris es axalgazrda?~
abdulmuttalibis Svilebidan erT-erTi axalgazrdaao, upasuxes mas. Semdeg roca ikiTxes, ki magram qvebs rom esvris,
is vinRaao, is ki misi biZa ebu lehebiao, Tqves.
imam buharma `Tarihul qebir~-is, xolo Taberani mu’jem’ul
qebir~-is wyaroSi ixsenebs: `mudriq bin munibma mamisgan,
xolo misma mamam ki babuasgan moismina da gadmogvcems: `mamasTan erTad minaSi viyavi. iq xalxs SevxvdiT, romelTac
erTi vinme ase mimarTavda: `adamianebo! warmosTqviT: `la
ilahe illallah~ (ar arsebobs RvTaeba garda allahisa) da
gadarCiT~. garSemo myofTagan zogni mas lamaz saxeSi afurTxebdnen, zogi saxeSi miwas ayrida, zogic lanZRavda da sxvadasxva Seuracxyofas ayenebda. aseTi mdgomareoba SuadRemde gagrZelda. am dros masTan, xelSi wylis WurWliT,
patara gogo movida. is rom im mdgomareobaSi naxa, atirda.
am kacma wyali rom dalia, gogonas miubrunda da uTxra:
`Cemo gogona, nu SegeSindeba imis, rom mamaSeni maxeSi gaebmeba, sircxvils Wams an mokvdeba~. Semdeg movikiTxeT Tu vin
iyvnen es axlagazrda da patara gogo. gviTxres, rom `abdulmuttalibis SvilebTagan muhammedi da misi qaliSvili
zeinebiao~.
mogviTxroben, rom sayvareli muhammed Suamavali, erT
dRes, uqazis bazrobaze wavida. beni amiris tomis winaSe
warsdga da maT hkiTxa: `beni amir! TqvenTan, TavSefarebul
adamians rogor icavT?~ maT ase miuges: `mas zedmets veravin hkadrebs, aq Cveni nebarTvis gareSe Cveni cecxliTac ki
ver gaTbebian!~ wminda Suamavalma kvlav hkiTxa: `me, allahis
Suamavali var, TqvenTan rom movide, damicavT manamde, sanam
allahis mier Cemze boZebul Suamavlobis misias adamianebs
avuxsnide?~ maT hkiTxes: `Sen romeli xalxidan? wminda Suamavlma auxsna: `abdulmuttalibis Svilebidan var~ _ `radgan
asea, abdulmuttalibis SvilebTagan ratom aravin gmfarvelobs?~ wminda Suamavalma miugo: `me, sicrueSi, pirvelebma,
146 maT damdes brali~ amis Semdeg beni amiris xalxma mas uTxra:
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`muhammed! Cven Sens Suamavlobas ar vuarvyofT, magram arc
Sens motanils davijerebT. magram Sen manamde dagicavT,
sanam adamianebis winaSe Suamavlobis movaleobas Seasruleb.~
amis Semdeg wminda Suamavali maTTan dajda. am dros beni
amiris gavlenian pirTagan beihara bin fariss, bazrobaze
vaWroba daemTavrebina da maTTan movida. iq myofT Suamavlisken miuTiTa da hkiTxa: `es vin aris?~ maT upasuxes: `es
muhammed bin abdullahia~ beiharam ikiTxa: `amas aq ra esaqmeba, TqvenTan axlos rom damjdara?~. iq myofT upasuxes:
`Segvefara, ambobs, allahis Suamavali varo, Suamavlobis
movaleobis Sesrulebamde, Sefareba gvTxova~. beiharam es
rom gaigo wminda Suamavals miubrunda da uTxra: `Seni Sefareba yvela arabis isris samizned mkerdiT dadgomis tolia~.
Semdeg isev Tavis xalxs miubrunda da ase mimarTa: `qveyanaze Tqvenze ufro cudis mqneli tomi ar arsebobs, Tqven
yvela arabs unda ebrZoloT da maTi isris samizne gaxdeT,
ara? mis xalxs, misgan raime xeiri rom enaxa, aucileblad
Seifarebda. Tqven im kacis Sefareba gagizraxavT, romelic
Tavisma xalxma crud scno da moiSora. Zalian cdebiT!.~..
Semdeg isev sayvarel Suamavals miubrunda da uTxra: `axlave gagvSordi da Sens xalxTan dabrundi!... geficebi, Cems
xalxSi rom ar yofiliyavi, aqamde kisers mogkveTdi~. am sityvebis Semdeg damwuxrebuli qveynierebis batoni aqlemze
Sejda, magram im Tavxedma beiharam is aqlemidan Camoagdo. es
SemTxveva sahabeTagan dabaa binTi amirma rom dainaxa, yvirili atexa: `allahis sayvarel Suamavals, amas ras hkadrebT?~
Semdeg naTesavebs dauZaxa: `gTxovT, Cemi gulisTvis, iseTi
vinme ar aris, vinc allahis Suamavals amaTgan gadaarCens?~
misma samma biZaSvilma biZaSvilma beiharas sastikad scema.
xolo am warmarTis dasaxmareblad mosul kidev or Tavxeds,
cxvir-piri daunayes da piridan sisxli afurTxebines. am viTarebis mxilveli Suamavali im sami axalgazrdisaTvis ase
Seevedra: `Cemo baton-patrono! am axalgazrdebs Seni madli 147
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uwyalobe, xolo vinc beiharas daexmara, eseni Seni wyalobisgan ganaride!~
visTvisac Suamavali sikeTe Seevedra, isini islamiT gaciskrovdnen, xolo warmarTebma suli ganuteves. roca beni
amiris tomi samSobloSi dabrunda, zeciuri wignebis mcodne, moxucs meqqaSi Tavs gadamxdaris Sesaxeb uambes. moxucma Suamavlis saxeli rom gaigona, isini ase galanZRa: `beni
amir! es ra CaidineT? ismailis Svilebisgan, dRemde, aravis
sicruiT Suamavloba ar mougonia. ueWvelia, rom rasac is
ambobs, marTalia. ase xelidan gaSvebuli bednierebis, ukan
dabruneba Zalian Znelia~.
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emigracia eTiopiaSi
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miraji (cad amaRleba)
sayvarelma muhammed Suamavalma, aseTi winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, yvela toms islami auxsna. ramdenime toms mfarveloba da mxardaWera sTxova, magram, samwuxarod, arc misi
rjuli miiRes da arc mxardaWera iTava vinmem. garda amisa,
Seuracxhyves, daCagres, awvales, dascines da uarhyves igi.
qveynierebis batoni gadaRlili, mSier-mwyurvali, mowyenili
da Zalian damwuxrebuli iyo. meqqas warmarTebi, yovelTvis,
ukan dahyvebodnen. qaabas mosanaxuleblad mosulebs islamis miRebaSi xels uSlidnen, aseve arc sayvarel Suamavls
aklebdnen wamebas. allahis Suamavals ukve aRar hqonda wasasvleli adgili, sadac mteri ar eyoleboda. erT Rames,
biZa ebu talibis qliSvil, ummi hanTan mivida.
maSin, ummi hans islami ar hqonda miRebuli, karebze rom
daakakuna, Signidan xma moesma: `vin xar?” `Seni biZaSvili muhammedi var, stumrad mimiReb?~ _ upasuxa Suamavalma.
ummi hanma uTxra: `sicocxles vanacvaleb SenisTana simarTlis mTqmel, sando da Rirseul stumars, magram mobrZanebis
Sesaxeb adre rom gecnobebina, raime saWmels movamzadebdi.
axla saWmelad araferi maqvs~ _ dananebiT miugo ummi hanma.
allahis wminda Suamavalma miugo: `Wama-sma ar minda, mxolod RmerTze rom viloco da Sevevedro CemTvisisic sakmarisi iqneba sakmarisia.
ummi hanma sayvareli Suamavali saxlSi miipatiJa, salocavi Wilofi, varcli da Caidani misca. arabebisTvis stumris
mtrisgan Sefareba da gamaspinZleba, yvelaze Rirseuli valdebuleba iyo. saxlSi miRebul stumars rom ziani mosvloda, es ojaxs did laqad daemCneoda. ummi hanma ifiqra: `amas,
meqqaSi bevri mteri hyavs, ufro metic, mokvla undaT misi.
Rirsebis dasacavd mas dilamde vudarajeb. mamis xanjali
150 aiRo da saxlis garSemo siaruli daiwyo~.
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allahis Suamavali im dRes Zalian ganawyenebuli iyo. abdesis aRebis Semdeg, RmerTs patieba sTxova, xalxis rwmenisTvis da bednierebisTvis Seevedra. Zalian daRlili da
mSieri iyo, amitom Wilofze wamowva da CaeZina.
am dros uzenaesma allahma jebrail angelozs ubrZana:
`sayvarel Suamavls Zalian vawyenine, Zvirfasi sxeuli da saTuTi guli vatkine, aseT mdgomareobaSi mainc me mevedreba,
Cems garda araferze fiqrobs, wadi da Cemi sayvareli msaxuri
aq momiyvane! me vanugeSeb, saTuTi gulis iarebs me movuSuSeb.
samoTxe da jojoxeTi aCvene, dainaxos misTvis da im adamianebisTvis gamzadebuli wyalobebi, romlebsac is Zalian uyvarT.
amasTan erTad, maTTvis, romlebmac mas sityvierad, werilobiT, qcevebiT awyenines da misi ar daijeres, gamzadebuli satanjveli aCvene.
roca jebrail angelozi allahis SuamavlTan gamocxadda,
Suamavals maSin ise tkbilad eZina, rom gasaRviZeblad Seecoda. jebrail angelozi ma adamianis formaSi gamoecxada.
fexze akoca, civma tuCebma wminda muhammedi uceb gamoaRviZa, jebraili icno da maSinve hkiTxa: `jebrail, Zmao! ase
udrood ratom moxvedi, rame Secdoma xom ar davuSvi? batonpatroni (allahi) gavanawyene? raime mware ambavi momitane?~
es kiTxvebi imitom dausva, rom mas allahis ganawyenebis
Zlier eSinoda.
angelozma jebrailma wminda Suamavals ase mimarTa: `gaCenilTagan yvelaze aRmatebulo! gamCenis sayvarelo! sruliad yvela SuamavalTa batono! sikeTis nakadulo, upiratesobaTa wyarov, udideso da Rirseulo Suamavalo! allahi
mogikiTxavs da TavisTan gibarebs. adeqi, wavideT!~
amis Semdeg, sayvarelma Suamavalma abdesi aiRo, angelozma
jebrailma ki allahis Suamavals Tavze sxivisgan gakeTebuli Calma daafara, sxivis tansacmeli Caacva, welze lalisgan damzadebuli qamari gaukeTa, xelSi oTxasi margalitiT
morTuli argani misca, romlis yvela nawili ciskris var-
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skvlaviviT brwyinavda, fexze mwvane zurmuxtis fexsacmeli
Caacva da xeli-xel Cakidebulni qaabaSi mividnen. aq angelozma jebrailma mkerdi gauWra, guli amouRo, zemzemis
wyliT garecxa, Semdeg sibrZniTa da rwmeniT savse Tasi moitana, SigniT Cado da mkerdi dauxura.
roca es yvelaferi moaTava, angelozma jebrailma samoTxidan moyvanil TeTr cxenze, saxelad buraqize miuTiTa da
uTxra: `allahis Suamavalo, amazed Sejeqi!~ yvela angelozi
Sens gzas elodeba. am dros, uceb, wminda Suamavalis guls
dardi Semoawva da fiqrebs mieca. maSin uzenaesma allahma angeloz jebrails uTxra: `hkiTxe Cem sayvarel adamians,
ratomaa ase mowyenili?~ roca angelozma jebrailma mowyenilobis mizezi hkiTxa, wminda Sauamavalma ase upasuxa: `me
amdeni wyaloba da pativi momeca. uceb gamaxsenda, gankiTxvis dRes, Cemi uZluri mimdevrebi mdgomareoba rogori iqneba? ormocdaaTi aTasi wlis saval arasaTis moedanze, fexiT
amodena codvebi rogor unda miitanon da ocdaaTi aTasi wlis
savali gza - bewvis xidi rogor unda gaiaron?~
allahma acnoba: `Sen ar moiwyino, damSviddi, Sens mimdevars ormocdaaTi aTas wels erT wamad vuqcev~.
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Semdeg wminda Suamavali buraqze Sejda. buraqi imdenad
swrafad midioda, rom erTi nabijis gadadgmiT, imaze ufro
Sors aRwevda, vidre TvaliT mosCanda. mogzaurobis dros,
orivem erTad, ramdenime adgilas Seisvenes da locva Seasrules. qveynierebis batoni sul samjer SeCerda da locva
Seasrula. Semdeg angelozma jebrailma hkiTxa, icoda da Tu
ara is adgilebi, sadac locva Seasrules. kiTxvas isev angelozma jebrailma gasca pasuxi: `medina iyo adgili, sadac
pirvelad SevCerdiT~, da acnoba, rom am qalaqSi emigraciaSi
wavidoda. meore adgili ki sinas mTa iyo, sadac musa Suamavali gaurkvevli mimarTulebiT da ucnob formaSi uzenaes
allahs esaubra. xolo bolos, sadac locva Seasrules, es
iyo isa Suamavlis dabadebis adgili, beiTi lahmi. amis Sem-
miraji
o
deg ki yudusSi, mesjidi aqsaSi mividnen.
mesjidi aqsaSi jebrail angelozma klde TiTiT gaxvrita
da buraqi daaba. iq, zogierTi Suamavlis sulebi adamianis
formaSi Sekrebiliyvnen, raTa locva erTad SeesrulebinaT.
wminda adems, nuhsa da ibrahims morigeobiT namazis imamoba
SeTavazebuli hqondaT, magram arcerTi ar daTanxmda imamobaze, TiToeulma bodiSi moixada. maSin jebrail angelozma
allahis Suamavals uTxra: `roca Sen aq xar, imami sxva ver
iqneba~ da igi win daayena.
wminda muhammedi Suamavlebis win gavida da ori muxli namazi alocva. amis Semdeg am ambavs kacobriobis siamaye ase
gadmogvcems: `jebrail angelozma erTi WurWliT samoTxis
sasmeli, meore WurWliT ki rZe momitana. me rZe aviRe, man
miTxra: `buneba airCie Sen (ori qveynis bedniereba airCie)~.
Semdeg ori Wiqa momawodes, erTSi wyali, xolo meoreSi
Tafli iyo, orive davlie. jebrailma miTxra: `Tafli, Seni
mimdevrebis warRvnamde arsebobas mianiSnebs, xolo wyali
ki codvebisgan gasufTavebis niSania~. Semdeg erTad cad avmaRldiT. jebrail angelozma karze daakakuna.Sen vina xaro,
_ hkiTxes. `me jebraili var~ _ upasuxa man. `ki magram gverdiT vin gaxlavs?~ _ `muhammedia~ _ `mas, caSi asvlisTvis, an
mirajSi amaRlebisTvis Setyobineba miuvida?~ _ `diax, miuvida~ `salami mobrZanebul pirovnebas!~ _ miesalmen Suamavals.
`ra lamazia mosuli stumari~ _ Tqves, Semdeg kari gaixsna da
adem Suamavali vixile. momesalma da CemTvis Seevedra.
iq bevri angelozi davinaxe. yvela morCilebiTa da mokrZalebiT fexze idga. jebrails vkiTxe: `es aris angelozebis
allahisTvis samsaxuri?~
`diax, es angelozebi warRvnamde ase idgebian fexze da
allahs axseneben. allahis Txove, rom aseTi RvTismsaxureba
Sens mimdevrebs ergoT wilad~. mec vTxove allahs da ismina,
kidec, Cemi vedreba. locvisas fexze dgoma swored aqedan
aris SemorCenili.
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iqidan wavediT da erT saswauls gadaveyareT. angelozebi
adamianebs Tavebs unayavdnen, isini ki isev adrindel mdgomareobas ubrundebodnen, ramdensac urtyamdnen, igive
meordeboda. vikiTxe, eseni vin arian-meTqi, eseni, jumisa da
erToblivi locvis mimtovebelni da ruqusa da sejdes arasrulad gamkeTebelni ariano _ mipasuxes.
amis Semdeg mSivrebi da SiSvlebi davinaxe. mtanjveli
angelozebi maT sabalaxod mirekavdnen. vikiTxe, eseni vin
arian-meTqi _ es is xalxia, vinc gaWirvebuls ar wyalobda
da zeqaTs ar gascemdao, mipasuxes.
kidev erTi xalxis mdgomareobas gavecaniT. maT win gemrieli saWmelebi edgaT, xolo gverdiT ki mZori egdo. maT
gemrieli saWmelebi mietovebinaT da mZors Wamdnen. vikiTxe maTi vinaoba. eseni is qalebi da kacebi arian, romlebic
alals erideboden da harams miirTmevdnen. miuxedavd imisa,
rom alali lukma hqondaT da mainc haramiT iyvnen dainteresebulni.
zurgze tvirTiT, simZimisgan Zalagamoleuli adamianebi
davinaxe. aseT mdgomareobaSi xalxs eZaxodnen da eubnebodnen, rom maTTvis kidev ufro daematebinaT tvirTi. vikiTxe,
eseni vin arian-meTqi, eseni amanaTis moRalate xalxia, adamianebisgan rac maT ekuTvnodaT iRebdnen da kidev Smagobdneno.
erT wyeba xalxs gavuareT, romlebic TavianT xelebs iWridnen da iWamdnen. eseni vin arian-meTqi _ vikiTxe. eseni
Worikana da sityvis mimtan-momtanni ariano-mipasuxes.
adamianTa jgufs gavuareT, romlebsac saxeebi Savi, Tvalebi cisferi hqondaT, zeda tuCebi Sublamde swvdebodaT,
xolo qveda tuCebi ki fexebamde eTreodaT, piridan ki sisxli da Sxami modiodaT. eseni ra adamianebi arian _ meTqi,
vikiTxe. eseni alkoholis momxmareblebi ariano, mipasuxes.
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xalxis did nawils wavawydiT, adamianebs enebi Tavebze ga-
miraji
o
dakidebuli hqondaT, forma ki Secvlili, Roreb damsgavsebodnen da itanjebodnen. `eseni vin arian?~ _ vikiTxe. `eseni
is xalxia, vinc tyuilze emowmebodnen~. _ mipasuxes
kidev sxva xalxi davinaxe. amaT gasiebuli muclebi Zirs
dahkidebodaT, galurjebulebi, xel-fex gakoWilebi adgilidan ver dgebodnen. vkiTxe jebrails maTi vinaoba. eseni
procentis mWamelebi, mevaxSeebi ariano, aseTi pasuxi gamca
man.
qalebis erTi jgufi davinaxeT, saxeze gaSavebulebi, Tvalebi cisferi hqondaT, angelozebi maT cecxlis ketebs urtyamdnen, isini ki ZaRlebiviTa da RorebiviT Rrialebdnen.
jebrails vkiTxe:`eseni vin arian?~ eseni mruSobis Camdeni da
qmrebis moRalateni ariano, momigo man.
jojoxeTis dablobSi damwyvdeuli xalxi davinaxe. cecxli maT wvavda, adrindeli mdgomareoba ubrundebodaT da
isev iwvodnen. eseni vin arian-meTqi rom vikiTxe, jebrailma
mipasuxa, eseni mamebs ar emorCilebodneno.
erTi jgufis xalxs CavuareT, isini purs Tesavdnen, romelic maSinve ikeTebda TavTavs. jebrails maTi vinaoba gamovkiTxe. man miTxra, eseni uzenaes allahs vinc emsaxureboda, is xalxiao.
erT okeanesTan mivaRwieT. am okeanis aRwera SeuZlebelia.
rZeze ufro TeTri da mTebisxela talRebi hqonda. roca
vkiTxe jebrails, ras warmoadgens okeane-meTqi, miTxra, rom
am okeanis saxeli sicocxlis zRvaa. roca uzenaesi allahi
mkvdrebis gacocxlebis dros, am okeaneSi gaawvimebs, dampali, mimobneuli sxeulebi balaxsaviT saflavebidan aRmocendebian.
amis Semdeg zecis meore sarTulze avediT. jebrail angelozma isev karebze miukakuna. xma gaisma: `vina xaro?~ _ `jebraili var~. _ magram gverdiT vin gaxlavs?~ _ `muhammedi~ _
`mas, caSi asvlisTvis, an mirajSi amaRlebisTvis Setyobine-
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j
ba miuvida?~ _ `diax, miuvida~ _ miugo jebrail angelozma.
salami mobrZanebul pirovnebas! lamazi mgzavriao, Tqves.
Semdeg kari gaixsna da uceb bicolas Svilebis, isasa da iahia
bin zeqerias gverdiT aRmovCndiT. isini momesalmen da CemTvis Seevedrnen.
Semdeg angelozebis jgufi davinaxeT. isini erT mwkrivad
qedmoxrilni idgnen, mudmivad welmoxrilebi, verasodes gaswordebian, zeviT ver aixedaven. maTTvis gankuTvnili Tesbihi hqodaT da imiTi iyvnen dakavebulni. jebrail angelozma
miTxra am angelozebis RvTismsaxureba aseTia, Seavedre da
Sens mimdevarsac igive ergos wilado. Sevavedre, allahma
ismina vedreba, da locvis dros welSi moxra gvibrZana.
amis Semdeg cis mesame sarTulze avediT. analogiuri
kiTxva-pasuxis Semdeg, kari gaixsna da wminda iusufis gverdiT aRmovCndi. is Zalian galamazebuliyo. momesalma da
CemTvis vedreba aRavlina.
uamravi angelozi davinaxe, sejdeze iyvnen erTmwkvrivad
ganlagebulni, isini gaCenis dRidan moyolebuli, aseT mdgomareobaSi maTTvis gankuTvnili TesbihiT allahs qebadidebiT axseneben. jebrail angelozma miTxra, am angelozebis RvTismsaxureba aseTia, Seavedre da Sens mimdevrebs
SeumsubuqdebaT es msaxurebao. Sevevedre, allahma ismina da
locvisas sejde gvxvda wilad.
Semdeg ki zecis meoTxe sarTulamde mivaRwieT. kari sufTa
vercxlisgan hqonda gakeTebuli, sxiviseburi saketiT iyo Caketili, saketze aseTi warwera hqonda: `la ilahe illallah
muhammedun resulullah” (ar arsebobs RvTaeba garda allahisa, xolo muhammedi misi msaxuri da Suamavalia). rogorc
adre, axlac msgavsi kiTxva-pasuxis Semdeg kari gaixsna da
wminda idrisis gverdiT aRmovCndi. igi momesalma da CemTvis
Seevedra. uzenaesi allahi, mis Sesaxeb, wminda yuranSi, ase
brZanebs: `da avamaRleT igi, umaRles adgilze.~1
156 1. sura meriemi: 57.
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erTi angelozi davinaxe, romelic maRal adgilze mowyenili da dardiani ijda. mis irgvliv imdeni angelozi iyo,
rom maTi ricxvi mxolod da mxolod allahma icis. marjvniv
gasxivosnebuli angelozebi isxdnen, mwvaneebSi Cacmulebi,
sasiamovno surnelebas afrqvevdnen da Tvalwarmtaci silamazisani iyvnen, xolo marcxniv myofi angelozebi piridan
cecxls afrqvevdnen, win cecxlis maTraxi da Subi hqondaT,
iseTi TvalebiT iyurebodnen, rom Sexedvasac ki ver gabedavdi. taxtze mjdom angelozs ki didroni Tvalebi hqonda
da gamudmebiT mis win wignakSi uyurebda, erT wamsac ki ar
aSorebda Tvals. mis win erTi xe idga, xis TiToeul foTolze, saxelebi ewera. win varclis msgavsi, raRac edga.
zogjer marjvena xeliT varclida raRacas amoiRebda da
marjvena kuTxes gasxivosnebul angelozebs gauwodebda,
zogjer ki marcxena xeliT varclidan raRacas amoiRebda
da marcxena kuTxeSi Savbnel angelozebs gauwodebda. am angelozs rom Sevxede, SiSma Semipyro. Semdeg jebrail angelozs vkiTxe, es angelozi vin aris-meTqi, man miTxra: `es
azrail angelozia, masze Sexedvas veravin bedavs~. Semdeg
jebraili masTan axlos mivida da uTxra: `es bolo drois
Suamavali, wminda muhammedia. igi uzenaesi allahis sayvareli Suamavalia~. Semdeg azrail angelozma Tavi aswia, gamiRima, wamodga, momesalma da ganmadida: `WeSmaritad, allahs,
Senze ufro Rirseuli, aravin gauCenia, xolo Seni mimdevrebi, sxva yvela mimdevarze, upiratesni arian.~ mas vTxove,
Cemi Tanamimdevrebi uZlurebi, sustebi arian, maT keTilad
moeqeci, sulebi advilad Caibare-meTqi. `Sen bolo Suamavlad gamgzavni uzenaesi allahi, romelic Tavis sayvarel
Suamavlad gcnobs. dRe da Ram, samocdaaTjer mavalebs muhammedis mimdevrebis suli advilad Caibareo. maTi saqmeebi
sikeTiT ganixileo. amitom Sen mimdevrebs, maT mSoblebze
ufro mowyaled vepyrobi~.
Semdeg zecis mexuTe sarTulze avediT, iq wminda haruns
Sevxvdi, isic momesalma da CemTvis vedreba aRavlina.
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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mexuTe sarTulze angelozebis RvTismsaxureba vnaxe, yvelani fexze idgnen, TvalebiT mxolod fexebs Sescqerodnen,
sxvagan versad gaixedavdnen da maTTvis gankuTvnil Tesbihs
xmamaRla warmosTqvamdnen. jebrail angelozma miTxra, am
angelozebis RvTismsaxureba aseTia, Seevedre da Sen Tanamimdevrebsac ergebaT wilado. Sevevedre da uzenaesma allahma ismina.
Semdeg cis meeqvse sarTulze avediT, iq wminda musa Suamavals SevxvdiT. momesalma da CemTvis sikeTiT savse vedreba
aRavlina. amis Semdeg meSvide sarTulamde avmaRldiT. igive kiTxva-pasuxis Semdeg, kari gaixsna da davinaxeT wminda
ibrahimi beiTil me’murTan ijda. beiTil me’muri is adgilia,
sadac erT dReSi samocdaaTi aTasi angelozi adis. igive angelozebs xelmeored iq asvlis rigi aRar uwevT. mivesalme
wminda ibrahims, man salmiTve mipasuxa da TavisTan mimiwvia,
Semdeg miTxra: `RvTismoSiSis Svilo, RvTismosavo Suamavalo! muhammed! samoTxe sasiamovno adgilia da miwa ubiwo.
Sens mimdevrebs uTxari, rom iq bevri xe dargon~. vkiTxe:
`iq xe rogor unda dairgos?~ man mipasuxa: `la hevle vela
yuvveTe illa billah (sxva gadmocemiT ki _ subhanellahi
velhamdulillahi vela ilahe illellahu vellahu eqber).
xSirad warmoTqmiT, allahis qeba-didebiT SesaZlebelia iq
xis dargva~ _ mipasuxa angelozma. amis Semdeg jebrail angelozma sidreTul munTehasTan (meSvide caze codnis xe)
mimiyvana. misi foTlebi spilos yurebis, xolo nayofi ki
koSkis msgavsi iyo.. roca is uzenaesi allahisgan brZanebas
miiRebda, imdenad lamazdeboda da icvleboda, rom allahis gaCenil arsebaTagan veravin SeZlebs misi silamazis aRweras.
jebrail angelozma sidreTul munTehas iqeT gamacila da
damemSvidoba. roca vuTxari, jebrail! me martod mtoveb aq
-meTqi, is Sewuxda uzenaesi allahis SiSiT kankali daiwyo
da miTxra: `muhammed! amis iqiT erTi nabijic rom gadavdga,
158 uzenaesi allahis brwyinvalebisgan gavnadgurdebi. mTeli
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sxeuli damewveba, movispobi. qveynierebis batoni aqamde jebrail angelozTan erTad mosuliyo. Semdeg ki jebrail angelozma Tavisi qmnilebiTi formiT daenaxva Suamavals. mas
eqvsasi frTa gaeSala, TiToeuli frTa margalitsa da lals
afrqvevda. Semdeg mzeze ufro mbrwyinavi samoTxis xaliCa
movida, romelsac saxelad refrefi erqva. gamudmebiT allahs axsnebda da adidebda. samyaroSi, sadac is imyofeboda,
sul allahis didebis xma gaismoda.
wminda Suamavals miesalma. Semdeg am xaliCaze Sejda da
umalve maRla zeviT amaRldnen. hijabad wodebul samocdaaTi fardidan gaiares, TiToeul fardas Soris Zalain didi
manZili iyo, TiTeul fardasTan mosamsaxure angelozebi
idgnen. xaliCam (refrefma) yovel fardidan gaatara qursi,
arSi (empirea) da sulebis samyaro gaiares.
allahis sayvarl, Zvirfas muhammed Suamavals yovel
fardasTan miaxloebis dros aseTi brZanebis xmebi esmoda:
miuaxlovdi, miuaxlovdi, muhammed! bolos imdenad miuaxlovda qabe-yavseinTan, ucnob, gaurkvevel da auxsnel formaSi, uzenaesi allahis sasurvel adgilamde miaRwia. adgilis, drois, mxarisa da Tvisebis ganusazRvrelad, uzenaesi
allahi dainaxa. Tvalis, yuris, garemos uSualod allahs
esaubra. igi iq gaCenil arsebaTagan warmoudgenel wyalobas
ewvia.
Zvirfasi imami _ rabbani Tavis nawarmoebSi meqTubaTSi
mogviTxrobs, rom samyaros belads mirajis (cad amaRleba)
Ramemde samyaros baton patroni amqveynad ar unaxavs, imqveynad dainaxa. vinaidan im Rames, allahis Suamavalma drosa da garemos gascda. usasruloba da maradisoba wamierad
naxa. dasawyisi da dasaruli erT wertilad dainaxa. aTasi wlis Semdeg samoTxeSi wamsvlelebi, samoTxeSi wasvlis
suraTi da maTi iqauri yofa im Rames dainaxa. magram aseTi
TanamimdevrobiT naxva, amqvenad naxvas ara hgavs, man iq, imqveyniuri TvaliT naxa.
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rodesac allahis Suamavals samyaros baton-patronis
qeba-dideba ebrZana, man ase warmosTqva: `eTTehiiaTu lillahi vesselevaTu vetteiibaTu~ (anu yvela enaze aRvlenili qeba-dideba, sxeuliT gamoxatuli msaxureba, morCileba, qonebiT gamoxatuli sikeTe da wyalobani, yvela allahs
ekuTvnis. upirvelesad uzenaesma allahma Tavis sayvarels
(habibs) adilis, drois, mxarisa da Tvisebis ganusazRvrelad
ase miesalma: esselamu aleiqe eiiuhennebiu ve rahmeTullahi ve bereqaTuhu (ei, Cemo Suamavalo! mSvidoba, baraqa
da wyaloba Sen). wminda Suamavlma ki aseTnairad upasuxa
salams: `esselamu aleina ve alaa ibadillahissalihin.~ (ei,
samyaros baton-patrono! mSvidoba Cven da sruliad RvTismosav msaxurebs. amis gamgone angelozebma yvelam erTxmad
warmosTqves: eShedu en la ilahe illallah, ve eShedu enne
muhammedun abduhu ve resuluhu (mowme var, mwams, rom ar
arsebobs RvTaeba, garda allahisa, muhammedi misi msaxuri
da Suamavalia).
roca wminda muhammed Suamavalma essalamu aleina warmosTqva, uzenaesma allahma hkiTxa: ei, Cemo sayvarelo Suamavalo! aq Cvens garda aravin ar aris. ratom aleina (Cvenze)
Tqvi? wminda muhammed Suamavalma ase upasuxa: o RmerTo!
marTalia, Cems mimdevarTa sxeulebi aq ar aris, magram maTi
sulebi Tan maxlavs... me momesalme, me yovelgvar siavesa da
borotebisgan ganmaSore, bolo drois SfoTvasa da intrigas
gamovlili, sawyali da mwuxare mimdevari am udidesi pativisa da wyalobisgan rogor ganvarido. aseTi udidesi sikeTe maT
rogor ar varguno wilad.
uzenaesma allahma brZana: ei, Cemo sayvarelo Suamavalo!
ameRam Cemi stumari xar, iTxove Cemgan rac gsurs? allahis
sayvarelma Suamavlma miugo: me mxolod mimdevars gTxov, samyaros baton patrono!
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gadmocemis mixedviT, aseTi saxiT, uzenaesma allahma
erTi da igive kiTxva Svidasjer gaumeora. wminda Suamaval-
miraji
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ma ki yvela kiTxvaze mimdevari iTxova. uzenaesma allahma,
roca hkiTxa “sul mimdevars iTxovo~, man miugo: Cemo batonpatrono! me gTxove, momcemi Sen xar, gTxov yvela mimdevari
maCuqo. WeSmaritma allahma upasuxa: ameRam Sen, yvela mimdevari rom gaCuqo, Cemi wyaloba da Seni Rirseba aRar gamoCndeba. nawils ameRam gaCuqeb, meore nawili ki sxva droisTvis
gadavde, raTa gankiTxvis dRes, maTTvis Sen isurvo, me ki vapatio, vinaidan Cemi mowyaleba da Seni Rirseba aSkara iyos.
sayvareli Suamavli erT-erT wminda hadisSi brZanebs, rom:
im Rames (mirajis Rames) uzenaesi allahisgan viTxove, rom
sruliad Cems mimdevarTa valdebulebi eCuqebina. magram WeSmaritma allahma mipasuxa: ei, muhammed! amis mizani is aris.
rom aravin, aravis mimdevris danaSauliT informilebuli ar
iyos. me msurs, rom rogorc sxva mimdevrebis, aseve Seni mimdevrebis danaSaulebi da binZuri saqmeebi dafaruli iyos.
ei, muhammed! Sen, maTi swori gzis maCvenebili, me ki maTi
baton-patroni var. Sen isini axla dainaxe, me ki maT dasawyisidan vxedav da maradiulad vmeTvalyureob. ei, muhammed!
me, Sens mimdevarTan urTierTsaubari rom ar myvareboda,
gankiTxvis dRes maT angariSs ar movTxovdi, arc did da arc
patara codvebs ar movkiTxavdi.
uzenesma allahma brZana, rom: ei, muhammed! Tvalebi aaxile
da fexis qveS daixede. davixede da erTi muWa miwa davinaxe.
WeSmaritma allahma brZana: rac ram arsebulia, yvela Seni
fexis mtveria. megobris winaSe mxolod erTi muWa miwiT
warsdeqi? CemTvis megobaris kalTaze micxobili mtveris
ganwmendaze ufro advili, Seni mimdevrebis patiebaa.
sayvareli Suamavli wminda xadisSi gadmogcvems: WeSmarit allahs uamravi SekiTxva davusvi. pasuxi movismine. vinane, netav ar mekiTxa, vTqvi. amaTgan esenia: ei, baton-patrono!
jebrails eqvsasi frTa uboZe. amis sanacvlod Cems mimarT, wyaloba ra aris? WeSmaritma allahma brZana, rom: `Seni erTi
balani, CemTvis jebrailis eqvsas frTaze ufro sayvarelia.
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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gankiTxvis dRes Seni erTi balanis gulisTvis, aTasobiT urC
codvils gavaTavisufleb. ei, muhammed! jebrailma frTebi
rom gaSalos, aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTs dafaravs. Sen Tu
daexmarebi, aRmosavleT-dasavleT Soris urCi codvilebi
rom iyos savse, yvelas Sen gaCuqeb~. mamis, wminda ademis
winaSe angelozebs sejde gaakeTebine. amis sanacvlod Cems
mimarT sxva pativi ra aris? WeSmaritma allahma brZana, rom:
angelozebis mier wminda ademis winaSe sejdes gakeTebis mizezi, mis Sublze mbrwyinavi Seni sxivi iyo. ei, muhammed! Sen
masze ufro Zvirfasi ram giboZe. Seni saxeli Cems saxelTan
axlos davayene da empireaSi cis umaRles adgilas davwere.
maSin ademi gaCenili ar iyo. misi saxeli da niSanic ki ar arsebobda. cis karis fardebze, samoTxis karebze, sasaxleebsa
da xeebze, samoTxis yvela kuTxeSi davwere. samoTxeSi ar
arsebobs adgili, sadac “la ilahe illallah muhammedun
resulullah” ar eweros. es wodeba, wminda ademze boZebul
wodebaze, ufro maRla dgas.
`ei, baton-patrono! wminda nuhs gemi uboZe. amis sanacvlod
me ra sikeTe margune?~ man brZana, rom: Sen iseTi buraqi (cxeni) gargune, romelmac erT RameSi dedamiwidan cis umaRles
adgilamde mogiyvana. samoTxe da jojoxeTi dainaxe. Sens
mimdevrebs meCeTebi vuboZe, gankiTxvis dRes im meCeTebSi
dajdebian, bewvis xids Tvalis daxamxamebaSi gaivlian da
jojoxeTisgan gadarCebian.
`ei, baton-patrono! israelis Svilebs manana (tkbili da
noyieri saWmeli, romelic israelebs zecidan ucviodaT
maTi udabnoSi mogzaurobisas) da mtredis msgavsi Citis xorci uboZe. Cven riTi dagvexmarebi?~ WeSmarit allahma brZana:
Sen da Sens mimdevrebs amqveyniuri da saiqio sikeTe vuboZe.
israelisSvilebs adamianis saxeebi daTvis, maimunisa da Roris saxeebiT Sevucvale. Sens mimdevarTagan arcerTze msgavsi ar gamikeTebia. Senma mimdevrebma maTi namoqmedaris
msgavsad rom moiqcnen, aseT ubedurebas maT Sesaferisad ar
162 miviCnev. ei, muhammed! Sen iseTi sure giboZe, romlis msgavsi
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sure Torasa da bibliaSi ar aris. es faTihas surea. vinc am
sures ikiTxavs, misi sxeuli jojoxeTisTvis harami iqneba,
mis mSoblebs sasjels Sevumsubuqeb. ei, muhammed! me Senze
ufro upiratesi da Rirseuli arseba ar gamiCenia. Sen da
Sens mimdevrebs dRe-RameSi ormocdaTormeti drois locva
davavale. vinc Cems erTobas daijerebs samoTxe maTi iqneba.
aseTi mimdevarisaTvis jojoxeTi haramia. Seni mimdevris mimarT wyalobam simkacres gascda.
ei, muhammed! CemTvis yvela adamianze ufro keTilSobili
da Rirseuli xar. gankiTxvis dRes Sen imden sikeTes giboZeb,
rom mTel samyaros gaaocebs. ei, Cemo sayvarelo Suamavalo!
sanam samoTxeSi, Sen ar Sexval, manamde yvela Suamavalisa
da misi mimdevaris Sesvla akrZalulia. sanam Seni mimdevari
ar Seva, manamde sxvebi ver Sevlen. ei, muhammed! ginda naxo
ra maqvs gamzadebul Seni da Seni mimdevrisTvis? _ uTxra
allahma muhammeds. minda vnaxo, Cemo baton-patrono! _ miugo Suamavalma. israfils mimarTa: _ ei, israfil! jebrails
uTxari, Cemi sayvareli msaxuri, samoTxeSi waiyvanos, aCvenos, rac misTvis da misi mimdevrisTvis aris gamzadebuli,
raTa Zvirfasi Suamavali mousvenrobisgan ganTavisufldes.
qveynierebis batoni sayvareli Suamavali, israfil angelozTan erTad, jebrail angelozTan mivida. israfil angelozma, uzenaesi allahis brZanebis Sesasruleblad, sayvareli Suamavali samoTxeSi waiyvana. maT sxiviT savse TefSebiT
angelozebi elodebodnen. jebrail angelozma Suamavals
uTxra: o, allahis Suamavalo! eseni wminda ademamde oTxmoci aTasi wlis win iqnen gaCenili. mouTmenlad elodebian im
dRes, roca am TefSze arsebuls Sen da Sens mimdevrebs miasxureben. gankiTxvis dRes Seni siwminde da mimdevrebi, roca
samoTxis karis zRurbls fexs Semodgamen, es angelozebi
TefSiT savse am Tvalmargalitebs Tqvens Tavzed gadagayrian. iq maT samoTxis angelozi ridvani Seegeba. sayvarel Suamavals sasixarulo ambebi auwya da uTxra. WeSmaritma allahma samoTxe sam nawilad gayo, maTgan ori Sens mimdevrebs, 163
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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xolo erTi nawili ki sxva danarCen SuamavalTa mimdevrebs
gamouyo. amis Semdeg samoTxis yvela kuTxe Semoatara.
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sayvareli Suamavali brZanebs: samoTxis SuagulSi mdinre
davinaxe, romelic cis umaRlesi adgilidan iRebs saTaves. erT
adgilas wyali, rZe, sasiamovno dasalevi da Tafli moedineboda. isini araviTar SemTxvevaSi erTmaneTSi ar ireoda. mdinaris napirebi qrizoloTisgan Sedgeboda, SigniT ki Tvalmargalitis qvebi, keTilsurneli Tixisa da zafranis balaxebi iyo
savse. garSemo vercxlis Wiqebi daewyoT, misi ricxvi zecaSi
arsebul varskvlavze ufo meti iyo. irgvliv Citebi dafinavdnen, romlTa kisrebi aqlemis kisrebs hgavda. vinc im Citebis
xorcs miirTmevs da mdinaridan dalevs, WeSmariti allahis
kmayofilebas daimsaxurebs. jebrails vkiTxe: es romeli mdinerea meTqi? man ase mipasuxa: es qevseria, romelic WeSmaritma allahma Sen giboZao. rva samoTxis baRSi yvelgan es
midnare miedineba. im mdinaris napiras karvebi davinaxe, sul
yvela margalitiTa da laliT iyo morTuli. jebrails vkiTxe
karvebis Sesaxeb. _ es Seni meuRleebis saxlebiao, mipasuxa.
Semdeg karavebSi samoTxis qalwulebi davinaxe. saxeebi mzesaviT ubrwyinavdaT da yvelani dabal da lamaz xmaze xotbebs
kiTxulobdnen, ase ambobdnen: Cven bednieri da mxiarulebi
varT, Cven arasdros davmwuxrdebiT, Cven morTul-mokazmuli varT da arasdros viqnebiT SiSvlebi. Cven axalgazrdebi
varT da arasodes davberdebiT. Cven kargi xasiaTisani varT
da arasodes gavbrazdebiT. Cven sul ase viqnebiT, arasodes
movkvdebiT. maTi lamazi xotbebis xma bednierebis koSkebs da
xeebs swvdeboda. imdenad lamazi da tkbili xma ismoda, rom is
xotbebi amqveynad rom mosuliyo, sikvdili da mwuxareba ar
iqneboda. jebrailma mkiTxa: _ ginda amaTi saxeebi naxo? minda meTqi, vupasuxe. Semdeg, roca erT-erTi karavis kari gaaRo
da Sevixede, imdenad lamazi saxeebi davinaxe, minda, rom mTeli
sicocxle maTi silamazis Sesaxeb vilaparako. saxeebi rZeze
ufro TeTri, loyebi lalze ufro wiTeli da vercxlze ufro
mbrwyinavi hqondaT. kani abreSumze ufri rbili da mTvares-
miraji
o
aviT mnaTobi, surneleba muSkze ufro sasiamovno. Tmebi sakmaod Savi, zogs dawnuli, zogs Sekruli, zogs kide gaSlili
hqonda. dajdomisas irgvliv karaviviT aqvT, fexze rom adgebian, fexebamde swvdebaT. TiToeuls win msaxuri hyavda. eseni yvela Seni mimdevarisTvis arian gaCenilio, miTxra jebrailma.
sayvareli muhammed Suamavali brZanebs: rva samoTxis baRvenaxi da yovelgvari wyalobani davinaxe. Semdeg jojoxeTis
saxeobebis naxva gamaxsenda. jebrailma xeli momkida, jojoxeTis angeloz maliqTan mimiyvana da uTxra: ei, maliq! allahis
wminda Suamavals jojoxeTSi Tavisi mtrebis samyofeli adgilebis naxva nebavs (mas jojoxeTi aCvene). maliqma jojoxeTis Svidi sarTuli gaxsna da Svidive davinaxe. meSvide fenas havie hqvia. iq tanjva-wameba, sxva fenebisgan gansxvavebiT,
Zalian Zlieri iyo. maliqs vkiTxe: am fenaSi romeli adamianis
jgufi daisjeba meTqi. aq faraoni, qaruni da Sens mimdevarTagan farisevlebi daisjebiano, gadmomca. meeqvse fena laziea. iq warmarTebi (urwmunoebi) daisjebian. mexuTe fena ki
xuTamea, iq cecxlTayvanismcemlebi, xarze Tayvanismcemlebi
da budistebi daisjebian. meoTxe fena - jahimia, iq ki, mzeze da
varkvlavebze Tayvanismcemlebi daisjebian. mesame sarTuli
seqeria, iq qristianebi daisjebian. meore fenas saire hqvia, iq
ebraelebi daisjebian. pirveli fena ki jojoxeTia, iqauri tanjva, sxvebisgan gansxvavebiT msubuqia. iq cexlis samocdaaTi
aTasi okeane davinaxe. TiToeuli okeane imdenad didi iyo, rom
ca da dedamiwa erTad rom Caagdo SigniT, Semdeg ki angelozs
misi naxva ubrZano, aTasi weli rom eZebos, ver SeZlebs naxvas.
zebanebi (jojoxeTis msaxuri angelozebi) imdenad didebi
iyvnen, rom ca da dedamiwa piris erT kuTxes rom dado, arcki
daemCneodaT. okeanis talRebi saSinel xmas gamoscemda. misi
xmisgan amqveynad sul umciresic rom gaegonaT, yvela cocxali arseba ganadgurdeboda. vikiTxe es fena romeli jgufis
xalxs ekuTvnis meTqi, maliqma ar mipasuxa, xelmeored vkiTxe,
isev gaCumda…
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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jebrailma maliqs uTxra: - Suamavali Sengan pasuxs elodebao. man bodiSi moixada da patieba iTxova. me vuTxari:
mipasuxe, rac arunda iyos meTqi. maliqma mokrZalebiT mipasuxa: ei, allahis Suamavalo! Sens urC mimdevrisTvis aris
gnkuTvnilio. maT rCeva-darigeba mieci, raTa am saSineli
adgilisgan Tavi ixsnan. sxeulebi, aseTi sasjelisagan, moaridon. gankiTxvis dRes me urCebs ar Seviwyaleb, arc TeTrwvera moxucebis da axalgazrdebis mimarT gamoviCen gulisxmierebs.
qveynierebis batonma tirili daiwyo. dalocvili Tavidan
Calma moixsna, daxmarebisTvis uzenaes allahs xvewna-mudara dauwyo. evedreboda: Cemi mimdevari uZlurebi, sustebi
arian, aseT tanjva-wvalebas ver gauZlebeno. imdeni exvewa
da emudara, rom jebrail angelozi da iq myofi yvela angelozi erTad atirda. Semdeg uzenaesi allahisgan aseTi piroba miiRo: ei, Cemo sayvarelo Suamavalo! Seni pativis fasi,
Cems winaSe, Zalain didia. vismine Seni vedreba. miRebulia
Seni survili. Sen ar idardo, Tavisuflad iyavi! Sen iseT samsaxurs mogcem, rom uamrav urCs, sanam sakmarisiao ar ityvi,
Seni surviliT vapatieb. ei, Cemo sayvarelo Suamavalo! vinc
Cems brZanebas Seasrulebs, dasjisa da tanjvisagan gadarCeba,
Cems wyalobas daimsaxurebs, samoTxisa da Cemi naxvis RirsebiT amaRldeba. SenTvis da Seni mimdevrisaTvis dRe-RameSi ormocdaaTi drois locva mibrZanebia.
sayvareli Suamavali ganagrZobs: iqidan cis umaRles adgilas, empireas mivaRwie. cis fenebi gaviare da musa SuamavalTan mivedi. man mkiTxa: WeSmaritma allahma Sen da Sens ummeTs
risi gakeTeba gibrZanaT? _ yovel dRe-RameSi ormocdaaTi
namazis locva gvibrZana meTqi, vupasuxe. _ ukan dabrundi
da allahs Semsubuqeba Txove. vinaidan amden namazs Seni
ummeTi ver Seasrulebs. me iudevelebi gamovcade da Sevamowme _ miTxra musa Suamavalma. amis Semdeg davbrundi cisa
da miwis baton-patronTan, mivedi, vuTxari: RmerTo Cemo, es
166 brZaneba Seumsubuqe Cems ummeTs meTqi. amis gamo man mxolod
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xuTi droiT Seamsubuqa. Semdeg musa SuamavalTan davbrundi, movaxsene, rom xuTi droiT Seamcira meTqi. wminda musa
mociqulma miTxra: dabrundi da Txove isev Segimsubuqos,
radgan amden namazs Seni ummeTi ver Seasrulebs. amgvarad,
wminda musasa da uzenaes allahs Soris ramdenimejer mivedi
da movedi. bolos ki uzenaesma allahma ase brZana: ”ormocdaTi drois namazi xuTamde Sevamcire. TiToeuli namazi aTi
madliT Sevafase. xuTi drois namazi ormocdaaTi drois
namazis tolfasia. Tu vinme sikeTis gakeTebas ganizraxavs
da ver SeZlebs mis Sesrulebas, amisaTvis mas erTi madli
daewereba, xolo Tu Seasrulebs, maSin erTis sanacvlod,
aTi madli daewereba. amasTan erTad aRsaniSnavia, rom Tu
vinme borotebas ganizraxavs da garkveuli mizezebis gamo
ver Caidens, codva ar daewereba, magram Cadenis SemTxvevaSi
ki, erT codvad daufiqsirdeba~. Semdeg davbrundi da musa
Suamavals mdgomareoba avuxseni. maSin musa Suamavalma kvlav
miTxra: _ dabrundi da allahs Txove rom kidev ufro Segimciros salocavio, magram me vuTxari: `allahs bevri ram
vTxove, amitom mrcxvenia masTan kidev misvla~.
amgvarad, uzenaesma allahma Cvens sayvarel Suamavals
dardiT da wuxiliT natkeni madliTmosili guli nugeSiT
gaumrTela, arsebaTa arnaxuli da warmoudgeneli sikeTe
uwyaloba.
amis Semdeg samyaros TvalisCini Zalian mokle xanSi yudusSi, Semdeg ki Zvirfas meqqaSi, ummi hanis saxlSi dabrunda. is adgili, sadac mas eZina, jer kidev Tbili iyo da wyali, romliTac wasvlis win abdesi aiRo, varclSi isev esxa.
ummi hans ki, saxlis garSemo siarulSi daRlils, CaZineboda
da momxdaris Sesaxeb veraferi gaego. roca wminda Suamavali yudusidan meqqaSi brundeboda, gzad yureiSeli meqaravneebi dainaxa. muhammedma SeniSna, rom meqaravneebis erTi
aqlemi Zirs davarda.
rodesac gaTenda, wminda muhammed Suamavali qaabaSi mivi-
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da da mirajis Sesaxeb ilaparaka. urwmunoebma dascines da
alaparakdnen, rom muhammedi Wkuaze SeSlila da gzas acdenilao. visac gadawyvetili hqonda islamis miReba, isinic daeWvdnen. zogierT warmarTs gauxarda, muhammedis
aseTi mdgomareoba. gaxarebulebi ebu beqiris saxlSi mividnen, radgan kargad icodnen, rom is Wkviani, gamocdili da
windaxeduli kaci iyo. roca ebu beqiri gareT gamovida, mas
hkiTxes: `ebu beqir! Sen ramdenimejer yudusSi wasulxar,
mosulxar da kargad ici meqqadan yudusamde misvla-mosvlas
ramdeni dro sWirdeba~. `diax, kargad vici, erT Tveze meti
sWirdeba~ _ upasuxa ebu beqirma.
am sityvebiT gaxarebulma urwmunoebma, erTxmad daiyvires:
`ai, xom xedavT? Wkviani da gamocdili kacis sityva aseTia~.
daimedden, rom wminda ebu beqiric maT msgavsad fiqrobda
da pativiscemiT miendnen da moaxsenes: `Seni batoni ambobs,
rom yudusSi erTi Ramis ganmavlobaSi mivedi da movedio.
igi Wkuidan SeiSala~.
keTilSobilma ebu beqirma wminda muhammedis madlmosili saxeli rom gaigona, maSinve Tqva: `amas Tu is ambobs,
marTali iqneba. mjera, rom am gzas ase swrafad gaivlida~
da saxlSi Sevida. urwmunoebi gaognebulebi gaSeSdnen., amas
uyureT! muhammedi rogori saocari jadoqari yofila, ebu
beqiri moujadoebiao, Cailaparakes da ukan gabrundnen.
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amis Semdeg keTilSobili ebu beqiri allahis SuamavlTan
mivida da uamrav xalxSi xmamaRali xmiT daiZaxa: `allahis
Suamavalo, mirajs gilocav! Cven ki uamrav madlobas vwiravT uzenaes allahs, radgan SenisTana Zvirfasi Suamaalis
Rirseul samsaxurSi Cagvayena. Seni madlmosili saxis naxviT,
gulebis dampyrobi da sulis mimzidveli, tkbili sityvebis
mosmeniT, udidesi wyaloba gviboZa. oh, allahis Suamavalo!
Cemi sicocxle genacvalos, Seni yoveli sityva, ueWvelad,
marTalia da mjera~. keTilSobili ebu beqiris am sityvebma
urwmunoebi gaaoca, saTqmeli veraferi ipoves da daiSalnen.
miraji
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eWvebSi myof, sust morwmuneebs ki rwmena gauZlierdaT. allahis Suamavalma, im dRes, ebu beqirs “siddiyi” uwoda da am
saxeliT misi Rirseba ufro metad gaizarda.
gabrazebulma urwmunoebma, muslimebis mtkice rwmenas,
ukeTilSobilesi muhammedis yoveli sityvis maSinve dajerebas, mis garSemo farvanasaviT mbrunavi morwmuneebis qcevas,
veRar gauZles da ganizraxes, Suamavlis Sercxvena-damarcxebis mizniT, misTvis mravali gamocda CaetarebinaT.
`muhammed! Sen ambob, rom yudusSi mivedio. gviTxari aba,
yudusis meCeTs ramdeni kari da ramdeni fanjara aqvs?~ allahis Suamavalma yvela SekiTxvas sworad upasuxa. ebu beqiri ki yovel pasuxs eTanxmeboda da diax, marTaliao, ambobda. wminda Suamavali mogvianebiT hyveboda: `roca mesjidi
aqsaSi viyavi, irgvliv ar mimomixedavs, warmarTebis kitxvaze
pasuxi ar mqonda, magram im dros jebrail angelozma mesjidi
aqsa Tvalwin warmomisaxa, mec daviTvale karebi, fanjrebi da
maT dasmul SekiTxvebs pasuxi gaveci~.
hijreTamde erTi wliT adre, rejebis mTvaris 27-e Rames momxdar am saswauls miraji ewoda. allahis Suamavali
mirajSi suliTa da sxeuliT, faqizad avida. mirajis Rames
man uamravi RvTiuri WeSmariteba ixila, xuTi drois namazi swored am Rames iqna nabrZanebi. garda amisa, `bayaras~
suras bolo ori aiaTi iqna naboZebi. mirajis Sesaxeb wminda
yuranis sura `nejim~, `israsa~ da wminda hadisebSi aris gadmocemuli.
Tavis eshabs, roca Cvenma sayvarelma Suamavalma, rodesac
sahabeebs samoTxis Sesaxeb uyveboda, brZana: `ebu beqir! samoTxeSi SenTvis gamzadebuli wyalobebi davinaxe, Seni sasaxle
vnaxe, romelic wiTeli oqrosgan iyo agebuli~ keTilSobilma
ebu beqirma allahis Suamavals ase miugo: `im sasaxlis mepatronis sicocxle genacvalos Sen~. Semdeg ukeTilSobilesi
muhammedi omars miubrunda da uTxra: `omar! iq Seni sasaxle vnaxe, lalisgan iyo agebuli. sasaxleSi uamravi samoTxis
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qalwuli iyo. SigniT ar Sevsulvar, radgan Seni gulmodgineba gamaxsenda~. keTilSobilma omarma miugo: `Cemi Tavi genacvalos,, allahis Suamavalo! rogor SemeZlo amaze eWvi
gamCenoda~. amis Semdeg wminda osmans miubrunda da uTxra:
`osman! yyvela caze Sen daginaxe, samoTxeSi Seni sasaxlec davinaxe~. bolos wminda alis miubrunda da uTxra: `ali! Seni
saxe meoTxe caze davinaxe. jebrails vkiTxe da ase mipasuxa:
`angelozebs wminda alis naxva Zalian uyvarT. WeSmaritma
allahma misi saxis msgavsi angelozi gaaCina, is meoTxe caze
dgas, mis sanaxavad angelozebi midian da misi naxvis madliT xaroben. Semdeg Sens sasaxleSi Sevedi, erTi xis nayofs
vuynose. maSin samoTxis qalwuli movida, mas vkiTxe, Sen vina
xar da visi xar _ meTqi. ase mipasuxa: “me Sens biZaSvil alisTvis var gaCenili allahis Suamavalo~.
mirajis pirvel gariJraJs, wminda muhammeds jebrail
angelozi gamoecxada da xuTi drois namazi Tavis droze
aloca. Suamavali wminda xadisSi brZanebs: `jebrail angelozma qaabas karebis gverdiT, ori dRe namazi maloca. pirvel
dRes, orivem erTad, gamTeniisas dilis namazi, mze zenits rom
gascda, SuadRis namazi, yvelafris Crdili Tavisi simaRlis
rom gaxda, naSuadRevis namazi, mzis Casvlisas saRamos namazi,
xolo ciskris dabindebisas mwuxris namazi viloceT. xolo
meore dRes ki dilis namazi, roca ciskari ganaTda, SuadRis
namazi, roca yvelafris Crdili Tavis Crdilze orjer meti
sididis iyo, naSuadRevis namazi mis Semdeg cota xanSi, saRamos namazi marxvis xsnilis dros, xolo mwuxris namazi ki Ramis erTi mesamdi rom gaxda, maSin viloceT. Semdeg jebrail angelozma miTxra: `muhammed! ai, Seni da Senamdeli Suamavlebis
namazis droebi esenia. Senma ummeTma, xuTi drois TiToeuli
namazi rogorc Cven viloceT, ise unda Seasrulon.~
locvis droebis Seswavlis Semdeg, eTiopiaSi myof emigrantebs, namazis Sesrulebis aucileblobisa da namazis Sesaxeb brZanebis Semdeg, maT mier Seusrulebeli namazebis
170 gavlilis gamo maTi Sesruleba acnoba.
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hijreTi
sayvareli Suamavali, yovelwliurad, qaabas mosanaxuleblad mosul tomebs islamis rjulisken mouwodebda. zrunavda, raTa isini jojoxeTis cecxlisgan gadarCeniliyvnen
da maradiul bednierebas wveodnen. amis gamo, yovelgvar
Seurcxyofas arafrad agdebda da Suamavlobis misias pirnaTlad asrulebda. xSirad is stumarTa banakebs miaSurebda
da mosul stumarT mimarTavda: `vin aris iseTi, vinc me uzenaesi allahis gulisTvis, Suamavlobis misiis Sesrulebamde,
Semifarebs da daxmarebas gamiwevs?~ magram, samwuxarod, arc
Semfaravi da arc damxmare gamoCenila.
ukve Suamavlobis meTerTmete weli idga. ukeTilSobilesi muhammedi bazrobaze, qaabas mosanaxuleblad, mosul medinelebs Sexvda. roca maT hkiTxa, vin xarTo, miuges, Cven
medineli hazrejis tomidan gaxlavarTo. wmida Suamavlis
babua, abdulmuttalibis deda, selma hazrejis tomis nejjarisSvilTa ganStoebas miekuTvneboda. Suamavali hazrejel
eqvs pirovnebasTan cota xniT Camojda. maT sura `ibrahimis~
35-52 aieTebi waukiTxa da islami auxsna. Semdeg maT islamis
rjulis miReba SesTavaza. am adamianebs tomis ufrosebisgan da medineli iudevelebisgan Suamavlis movlenis Sesaxeb
smenodaT. amitom, roca wminda muhammed Suamavalma maT islamisken mouwoda, erTmaneTs Sexedes da Semdeg ase warmosTqves: `ai, zustad es aris is Sumavali, romelsac iudevelebi gviwinaswarmetyvelebdnen.~
medinaSi evsisa da hazrejis tomebi da iudevelebi erTmaneTs emterebodnen. roca dros ixelTebdnen, erTmaneTs
Tavs esxmodnen. arabebs sjerodaT, Tu iudevelebze adre
islamiT gaciskrovdebodnen, maT daamarcxebdnen da medinadan gaaZevebdnen. amitomac, allahis Suamavlis winaSe maSinve qelimei SehadeTi warmosTqves da muslimanebi gaxdnen.
172 Semdeg Suamavals mimarTes: `allahis Suamavalo! roca medi-
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nadan wamovediT, Cvens tomsa da iudavelebs Soris viTareba
daZabuli iyo. vimedovnebT, rom uzenaesi allahi maT, Tqveni aRmatebulobis wyalobiT, islamiT gaaciskrovnebs. Cven,
medinaSi davbrundebiT Tu ara, Tanatomelebs maSinve Seni
Suamavlobis dajerebisken movuwodebT da avuxsniT yvelafers, rac am rjulSi vnaxeT da virwmuneT. Tu uzenaesi
allahi maT am rjulSi gaaerTianebs, Senze ufro Zvirfasi
da Rirseuli aravin iqneba”.
am eqvsma pirovnebam namdvilad guliT irwmuna uzenaesi
allahisa da wminda Suamavlis mowodebebi. maT islami gaiTavises da rwmena ganimtkices. Semdeg, TavianT samaSobloSi dabrunebisaTvis Suamavlisgan neba iTxoves da wavidnen.
axalgamuslimanebuli eqvsi pirovneba gaxldaT: uqbe bin amiri, es’ad bin zurare, avf bin harisi, rafi bin maliqi, quTbe bin amiri da jabir bin abdullahi (allahi iyos maTgan
kmayofili).
aqabes pirveli zavi da medinaSi amosuli mze
axladgamuslimanebulma eqvsma pirovnebam, medinaSi dabrunebisTanave, xalxis islamis rjulis miRebisken mowodeba daiwyes. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT maT imdenad win waiwies, rom medinaSi ar dautovebiaT ojaxi, sadac islamisa da
Suamavalis Sesaxeb saubari ar yofiliyo. Sedegad islami,
aramarto hazrejis tomis wevrTa Soris gavrcelda, aramed
evsis tomidanac ramdenime pirovneba gamuslimanda.
aqabesTan pirveli Sexvedris Semdeg, meore wels es’ad
bin zurares hajobis dros, islamiT gaciskrovnebul Tormet megobarTan erTad meqaSi mivida. im weliwads warmarTebi muslimanebs, sxva wlebisgan gansxvavebiT, ufro metad
awamebdnen da aviwroebdnen. allahis Suamavals gamudmebiT
Tan dahyvebodnen da sjidnen yvelas, vinc mas gaesaubreboda.
medinelebma amis Sesaxeb rom gaiges, Suamavlisgan RamiT aqabeSi Sexvedra iTxoves. roca daRamda da mas Sexvdnen, moax-
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senes mis mimarT guliTadi damokidebulebis Sesaxeb. dades
SeTanxmeba, rom mis yovel moTxovnasa da survils sruliad
daemorCilebodnen. piroba dades, ar gaiCendnen uzenaesi
allahis tolsa da swors, ar Caidendnen mruSobas, ar moiparavdnen, ciliswamebas ganeridebodnen da sircxvilisa da
sarCos SiSiT Svilebs ar moklavdnen. Tormet megobarTagan
ori evsis toms, danarCeni aTi megobari hazrejis toms miekuTvneboda, maTi meTauri ki _ es’ad bin zarure iyo.
sayvarelma Suamavalma es Tormeti pirovneba, tomis warmomadgenlebad daniSna. maT tomebisTvis islami unda aexsnaT da allahis Suamavlis winaSe Tavmdebi unda yofiliyvnen,
xolo es’ad bin zurare saerTo xelmZRvanelad daniSna. am
SeTanxmebis Semdeg medinaSi dabrunebuli es’adi da misi megobrebi TavianT tomebs dRe-Rame islamis Sesaxeb uyvebodnen da maT rjulisken mouwodebdnen. am mowodebam mniSvnelovani Sedegi gamoiRo da medinaSi daiwyo islamis swrafad
gavrceleba. aman imdenad kargi Sedegi gamoiRo, rom maSin,
roca evsisa da hazrejis tomebs erTmaneTTan gauwyvetlivi
mtroba hqondaT, isinic ki Serigdnen, erTad Seikribnen da
islamis ukeT SeswavlisTvis allahis Suamavlisgan maswavlebeli iTxoves. wminda Suamavalma ki medinelebisTvis wmida yuranisa da islamis maswavleblad meqqeli, asahabTagan
Zvirfasi, mus’ab bin umeiri gaagzavna.
Zvirfasi mus’abi es’adis saxlSi rCeboda. masTan erTad
kardakar dadioda da mosaxleobas islams uxsnida.. xalxs
allahis Suamavlis siyvarulsa da mtrebisgan mis dasacavad
zrunvas Txovdnen. isini allahis SuamavalTan SeTanxmebis
dasadebad moamzades.
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Zvirfasi es’ad bin zurares tomis meTauri sa’d bin muazi
iyo, romelsac naTesauri urTierToba hqonda es’ad bin zuraresTan. radgan im dros, arabTa Soris naTesavebis mimarT
Seuracxyofisgan ganrideba adaT-wesad iyo miCneuli, sa’d
bin mu’azi, miuxedavad imisa, rom mas jer kidev ar hqonda
hijreTi
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islami miRebuli, es’adis saxlSi ar misula da am saqmis dabrkoleba ar ucdia. man tomis gavlenian pirTagan useid bin
hudairs uTxra: `ubanSi gadi, naxe vin aris mosuli da ise
moiqeci, rogorc Sen gsurs. es’adi Cemi deidaSvili rom ar
iyos am saqmes Sen ar dagavalebdi~.
amis Semdeg useid bin hudairma Subi aiRo da im saxlisken wavida, sadac mus’ab bin umeiri imyofeboda. roca mivida, braznarevi saubari daiwuo: `CvenTan ratom moxvediT da
xalxs ratom acdunebT? Tu sicocxle gindaT, axlave gaSordiT aqaurobas!~ mus’abma masSi rom sibraze dainaxa, sakmaod
rbilad da nazad upasuxa: `aba, erTi dajeqi, cota mogvismine! gaige Cveni mizani da Tu mogewoneba gaiTavise, Tu ara
da xeli SegviSale~. useidi dawynarda da uTxra: `marTals
ambob~, Semdeg Subi Zirs daarWo da dajda.
useid bin hurairma Zvirfasi mus’abis tkbili saubari da
sasiamovno xmiT nakiTxi yuranis aiaTebi moismina, romelic
adamianis guls aTbobda. bin hurairma warmosTqva: `ra lamazia es sityvebi, am rjulis miRebisTvis ra unda gavakeTo?~ roca yvelaferi auxsnes, useid bin hurairma qelimei
SehadeTi warmosTqva da gamuslimanda. useidi sixarulisgan
adgilze veRar Cerdeboda. man Tqva: `axla waval da iseT
adamians gamogigzavniT, romlis gamuslimanebis SemTxvevaSi,
medinaSi, mis tomTagan yvela islams miiRebs~. is wavida da
pirdapir sa’d bin muazTan mivida. sa’d bin muazma rom useidi dainaxa, Tqva: `vficav, useidi, rogori saxiTac wavida,
igiveTi ar modis~
Zvirfas useid bin hudairs Zalian undoda, rom sa’d bin
muazi muslimani gamxdariyo. amitom uTxra: `im pirovnebas
(mus’ab bin umeirs) velaparake, maTSi cudi araferi minaxavs.
mxolod gavigeT, rom beni harisis Svilebis deidaSvili
es’adi Tavis saxlSi iseT vinmes mfarvelobs, romelic saSiSi
ar aris Cveni tomisTvis~.
sa’d bin mu’azi useid bin hudairisgan am styvebis mosme-
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nis Semdeg, adga da Zvirfas es’ad bin zuraresTan wavida.
iq rom mivida, naxa, s’ad bin zurare da mus’ab bin umeiri
erTad isxdnen da mSvid garemoSi wynarad saubrobdnen. maT
miuaxlovda Tu ara, uTxra: `es’ad! Cvens Soris naTesauri
urTierToba rom ar yofiliyo, Sen yvelafer amas ver gaakeTebdi~.
sa’d bin muazs mus’ab bin umeirma gasca pasuxi: `sa’d! gTxov, dajeqi da cota mogvismine. Tu Cveni saubari mogewoneba, Zalian kargi, Tuki ar mogewoneba, islamis miRebas ar
SemogTavazeb~. sa’d bin muazi am Tavazianma da tkbilma sityvebma daawynara, kuTxeSi dajda da maTi saubris mosmena
daiwyo.
mus’ab bin umeirma sa’d bin muazs jer islami auxsna, islamis ZiriTadi safuZvlebi gaacno, Semdeg ki tkbili da lamazi xmiT wmida yuranidan aiaTebi waukiTxa. am dros sa’d bin
muazs saxeze feri ecvleboda da gonebas kargavda. yuranis
ubadlo mWermetyvelebis winaSe guli moulba da misi zegavlenis qveS moeqca. Tavi veRar Seikava da ikiTxa: `ra aris
saWiro am rjulis miRebisaTviso?~
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mus’ab bin umeirma maSinve qelimei SehadeTi aswavla, sa’d
bin muazmac warmoTqva: `eShedu en la ilaahe illallah ve
eShedu enne muhammeden abduhu ve resuluh~ da gamuslimanda. sa’d bin muazi gamuslimanebiT miRebuli sixaruliTa
da bednierebiT, adgilze ver Cerdeboda. maSinve saxlisken
gaemarTa. ritualuri ganbanviT, abdesi aiRo da mTeli tomis Sekreba moiTxova da useid bin hudairTan erTad xalxTan mivida. man abdulheSelis Svilebs ase mimarTa: `abdulheSelis Svilebo! Tqven me rogor micnobT?~ yvelam erTxmad
miugo: `Sen Cveni meTauri da ufrosi xar, Cven ki Senze varT
damokidebulni~. sa’d bin muazma, am sityvebis Semdeg, maT
ganucxada: `maS ase, yvelas gacnobebT, rom me islamiT gavciskrovndi. minda, rom Tqvenc uzenaesi allahi da misi Suamavali, wmida muhammedi iwamoT. Tuki ar iwamebT, arcerT
hijreTi
o
Tqvengans arc SegxvdebiT da arc dagelaparakebiT!~
abdulheSelis Svilebma gaiges Tu ara, rom sa’b bin muazi
muslimani gamxdariyo da maTac aqeTken mouwodebda, maSinve, yvelam islami iwames. im dRes saRamomde medinas zeca
qelimei SehadeTisa da allahis didebis xmiT gaciskrovnda.
am movlenidan cota xnis Semdeg, evsisa da hazrejis
tomebma islami iwames. yoveli ojaxi islamis sxivma gaabrwyina. sa’d bin mu’azma da useid bin hudairma tomebis kuTvnili
yvela kerpi daamtvries. roca es ambavi sayvarelma allahis
Suamavalma gaigo, Zalian kmayofili darCa. es ambavi meqqel
muslimanebsac didad gauxardaT. amis gamo am weliwads (hijri 621) `seneT us surur~ (sixarulis weli) ewoda.
aqabes meore SeTanxmeba
rac wminda muhammedis Suamavlobis misiis dawyebidan cameti weli iyo gasuli. meqqeli warmarTebis mier muslimebis
wamebasa da Seviwroebas ukve yovelgvari zRvari gadaelaxa.
medinaSi ki es’ad bin zuraresa da mus’ab bin umeiris mier
gaweuli Rvawlis wyalobiT, evsisa da hazrejis tomebi gaSlili xelebiT, muslimanebis gulSi Casakravad da maTi gulisTvis TavgawirvisaTvis didi sixaruliTa da xalisiT emzadebodnen.
isini suliTa da guliT allahis Suamavlis medinaSi
CabrZanebas natrobdnen. sityvas aZlevdnen, rom misTvis sococxlesa da qonebas ar daiSurebdnen. hajobis dro iyo
idga., mus’ab bin umeirTan erTad, medinel muslimanTagan 73
kaci da 2 qali meqqaSi Cavidnen da hajobis damTavrebis Semdeg, sayvarel Suamavals isev aqabesTan Sexvdnen. es’ad bin
zurarem 12 Tanmxleb pirTan erTad yvela tomis saxeliT
wminda Suamavals medinaSi hijreTis (emigrireba) gakeTeba
SeTavazes da Txoves. man medinelebs wmida yuranidan ramodenime aiaTi waukiTxa da sityva CamoarTva, rom masac ise
daicavdnen da Sefarebdnen, rogorc amas TavianT sicocx- 177
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lestan da col-Sviltan mimarTebaSi akeTebdnen.
iqve imyofeboda, sayvareli Suamavlis biZa, abbasi, romelsac jer kidev ar hqonda islami miRebuli. man SeTanxmebis dasadebad mosulT ase mimarTa:
`medinelebo! es Cemi ZmisSvilia. es aris is, vinc adamianTa Soris yvelaze metad miyvars. Tu mas daemowmebiT, mis
mier allahisgan motanilsac iwamebT. Tu TqvenTan gindaT
waiyvanoT, mtkice sityva unda momceT, rom mas daicavT. rogorc xedavT, wminda muhammedi Cveniania. Cven is urwmunoTagan davicaviT, is Cvens Soris patiosnebiTa da RirsebiT
gamoirCeva. miuxedavad yvelafrisa, man yvelas zurgi gvaqcia da TqvenTan wamosvla gadawyvita. SegwevT Tu ara imis
Zala, rom gaerTianebuli arabi tomebis Tavdasxmas daxvdeT
da es sapasuxismgeblo saqme Tqven Tavze aiRoT? amis Sesaxeb erTmaneTSi moilaparakeT da gadawyvetileba ise miiReT.
SeZlebT mocemuli sityvis Sesrulebasa da mis dacvas? ra
iqneba imaze ukeTesi, Tu am yvelafers Rirseulad SeasrulebT. Tu meqqadan gasvlis Semdeg mas miatovebT, maSin axlave SecvaleT gadawyvetileba, raTa man Tavis samSobloSi
Rirseulad da daculad icxovros.
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Zvirfasi abbasis aseTma saubarma medineli muslimanebi
gaanawyena. maT ver warmoedginaT, rom, rodesac allahis
sayvarel Suamavals TavianT samSobloSi waiyvandnen, mas warmarTebisgan ver daicavdnen da gaWirvebisas miatovebdnen.
medinel sahabeTagan es’ad bin zurare wmida Suamavals miubrunda da uTxra; `allahis Suamavalo! Tu nebas miboZebT,
ramdenime sityva maqvs saTqmeli,~ rodesac saubris neba
darTes man Tqva: `Cemi mSoblebi genacvalos, allahis Suamavalo! yovelgvar mowodebas Taviseburi midgoma gaaCnia.
axla Tqven iseTi ramisken mogviwodebT, romlis gaTaviseba
adamianebisTvis sakmaod Znelia. vinaidan maT erTbaSad, ar
ZaluZT, saTayvano kerpebis mitoveba da islamis dajereba.
miuxedavad amisa, Cven islami mTeli guliT viwameT. garda
hijreTi
o
amisa gvibrZaneT, rom warmarT naTesavebTan kavSiri gagvewyvita, wrfeli guliT amazec dagTanxmdiT. kargad iciT, rom
amis gaketeba CvenTvis Zneli iyo. Tqven Tqveni biZebic ki
gmtrobdnen da ar gicavdnen, Cven ki am sapatio samsaxuris
Sesasruleblad Tavi movaled vcaniT. mzad vart tqvenTvis
mocemuli yvela piroba SevasruloT. rasac eniT warmovsTqvamT, imas guliTac vadasturebT. vficavT rom rogorc
sakuTar col-Svils vicavT Tqvens dalocvil sxeulsac, sisxlis ukanasknel wveTamde, ise davicavT. Tu dadebul fics
gavtexT da uzenaes allahze micemul sityvas vuRalatebT,
dae yaCaR-mZarcvelTa brbod viqceT. allahis Suamavalo,
Cven mocemuli sityvis erTgulni varT, uzenaesma allahma
mogvimarTos xeli!~ Semdeg gaagrZela:
`allahis Suamavalo! SegiZlia, TqvenTvis sasurveli pirobebi wamogviyenoT~. sayvarelma Suamavalma isini islamisken waaxalisa, wminda yurani waukiTxa, Semdge ki uTxra;
`Tqvengan mxolod uzenaesi allahis mimarT mona-msaxurebasa
da misTvis moziaris ardawesebas, Cemi da sahabeebis Sefarebasa da dacvas moviTxov. risganac sakuTar Tavs icavT, imisgan
Cvenc unda dagvifaroT~.
bera bin marurma Tqva; `vficav Sen Suamavlad momvlenel
uzenaes allahs, ise dagicavT, rogorc sakuTar col-Svils
vicavT. allahis Suamavalo, gaaformeT CvenTan xelSekruleba!~
medinel muslimanTagan abbad bin ubadem SuamavlTan dadebuli SeTanxmebis gansamtkiceblad megobrebs hkiTxa; `hazrejelebo! iciT Tu ara, ratom miviReT muhammedi (sallallahu aleihi vesellem)?~ rodesac medinelebma am kiTxvas
dasturiT upasuxes abbadma gaagrZela:`Tqven mas rogorc mSvidobianobis, aseve sabrZolo viTarebis drosac daeTanxmebiT da daemorCilebiT. Tu Tqveni qonebis dazianebis an naTesavTa ganadgurebis SiSiT, Suamavlis daxmarebis gareSe
datoveba SegiZliaT, maSin misi mfarvelobas nu ikisrebT.
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vficav allahs, rom Tu aseT rames CaidenT am qveyanaSic
ganadgurdebiT da saiqioSic. Tuki amis gamo Tqveni qoneba daixarjeba, naTesavebi daiRupebian da mis mimarT erTgulebis gamoCenas mainc SeZlebT, maSin dadeqiT mtkiced.
vficav allahs, rom es TqvenTvis rogorc miwier, aseve saiqio cxovrebaSi saukeTeso gamosavali iqneba~. am sityvebis
mosmenis Semdeg megobrebma erTxmad warmoTqves: `Suamavlis
gamo Cven qonebas rom ziani miadges da naTesavebi dagveRupos mas mainc ar vuRalatebT. sikvdili arsebobs, ukan daxeva ki ara~!
Semdeg wmida Suamavls miubrundnen da hkiTxes:
`allahis Suamavalo! Tu Cven dadebul fics pirnaTlad
SevasrulebT ras miviRebT sanacvlod?~ sayvarelma Suamavalma miugo; `sanacvlod, uzenaesi allahis kmayofileba da
samoTxe gergebaT!~
maTgan TiToeulma tomis warmomadgenlisa da uflebamosili piris rangSi sityva warmoTqva. Tavdapirvelad, Suamaval es’ad bin zurare mimarTa: `vdeb pirobas, rom uzenaesi
allahze da mis sayvarel Suamavalze micemul sityvas pirnaTlad Sevasruleb, am pirobas Tu damWirda, Cemi sicocxliTa
da qonebiTac ki davicav!~ da am sityvebis Semdeg mas xeli
CamoarTva.
Semdeg ertxmad warmoTqves: `uzenaesi allahisa da misi
Suamavlis mowodebas vetanxmebiT da vemorCilebiT!~ amrigad,
medinelebma mzadyofna gamotqves rom wminda Suamavlis gulisTvis arc sakuTar qonebas da arc sicocxles daiSurebdnen. qalebma SeTanxmeba mxolod sityvierad daadastures.
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garda amisa, sayvarelma Suamavalma maT piroba CamoarTva, uzenaes allahs moziares ar gauCendnen, ar iqurdebdnen
da imruSebdnen, cils aravis daswamebdnen, Svilebs ar moklavdnen, tyuils ar ityodnen da keTili saqmeebis keTebas
hijreTi
o
ar SeewinaaRmdegebodnen.
rodesac medinelebi sayvareli SuamavalTan SeTanxmebas
debdnen, aqabes mTidan yvirili SemoesmaT. ucnobi xma mouwodebda: `hei minaSi mcxovrebno, Suamavalma da medinelma
muslimanebma Tqven winaaRmdeg saomri SeTanxmeba dades”.
Suamavlma Tqva, es aqabes eSmakis xmaao, im mxares mitrialda,
saidanac yvirilis xma moesma da Seepasuxa: `hei, uzenaesi allahis mtero! Senc gagiswordebi da Wkuas gaswavli,~ Semdeg
medinelebs miubrunda da mouwoda, rom TavianT adgilebs
dabrunebodnen. abbas bin ubadem Suamavals uTxra: `allahis
Suamavalo, Tu Tqveni Tanxmoba iqneba, xval, diliT minaSi mcxovreb urwmunoebs gadavuvliT da yvelas musrs gavavlebT.~
Suamavali maTma naTqvamma kmayofili datova, magram ganacxada da rom amis brZaneba uzenaesidan jer kidev ar iyo
miRebuli da amitom medinelebs samSobloSi dabrunebisken
mouwoda.
imami nesaisa da abdullah bin abbasis gadmocemis Tanaxmad, aqabes SeTanxmebis dros SuamavalTan myofi ansarebic
muhajirebad iTvlebian.
hijreTi
aqabes meore SeTanxmebis dadebasTan erTad, medina, muslimanebisTvis mSvidi TavSesafari adgili gaxda. am SeTanxmebis dadebam meqqelebi ganarisxa da maT muslimanebis
mimarT umkacresi zomebs mimarTes. islamis mimdevarTa meqqaSi darCena SeuZlebeli gaxda. muslimanebi wminda muhammed Suamavlis winaSe warsdgnen da hijreTisaTvis neba
iTxoves. erT dResac sayvareli Suamavali TanamimdevrebTan
gaxarebuli dabrunda da umaxarobla. `mecnoba is qalaqi sadac Tqven hijreTi unda gaakeToT. es qalaq iesribia (medina) wadiT iq da iqaur musliman Zmebs SeuerTdiT. uzenaesma allahma
isini Tqvens Zmebad scno xolo iesribi (medina) ki TqvenTvis
usafrTxo samSoblod aqcia.~ alllahis Suamavlis nebarT-
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visa da rCeva-darigebebis Semdeg, muslimanebma erTmaneTis
miyolebiT, jguf- jgufad medinaSi gadasaxleba daiwyes.
wminda Suamavalma medinaSi wamsvlelebs windaxedulebisa
da sifrTxilis Sesaxeb bevri ram uambo. warmarTebis yuradReba rom ar miepyroT, muslimanebi, patar-patara jgufebad
da farulad gadiodnen meqqadan.
ebu selemem, romelmac pirvelma gaakeTa hijreTi medinaSi, meqqeli warmarTebisgan bevri wameba gamoscada. warmarTebma roca gaiges rom muslimanebi medinaSi apirebdnen
gadasaxlebas, maT aedevnen da visac daewivnen ukan daabrunes, colebi qmrebs CamoaSores. bevri daatusaRes da autaneli wameba miayenes. Zveli rwmenaze maT dasabruneblad
yovelgvar Rones mimarTes, magram imis gamo, rom Sinagani
dapirispirebis eSinodaT, maTi sikvdiliT dasja ver gabedes. miuxedavad yvelafrisa, muslimebi yvelanair xerxs mimarTavdnen imisaTvis, rom medinaSi wasuliyvnen.
keTilSobilma omarmac, erT, mSvenier dRes, welze xanjali Semoirtya xelSi isrebi da Subi aiRo da yvelas Tvalwin
qaabes Svidjer Semouara. iq myof warmarTebs, maRali xmiT
ase mimarTa: ai, mec, rjulis dasacavad uzenaesi allahis
gulisTvis gadasaxlebaSi mivdivar. Tu vinmes unda rom Tavisi coli daaqvrivos, Svili oblad datovos da deda aatiros im dablobSi win gadameRobos!~
amgvarad, Zvirfasi omari ocamde muslimanTan erTad, dRisiT _ mzisiT mourideblad medinas gzas daadga. misi SiSiT,
masTan erTad wasul qaravans win veravin aRudga. medinaSi
wamsvlelTa raodenoba ukve aRar iklebda. sahabeebi, jgufjgufad, medinaSi midiodnen.
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am dros Zvirfasma ebu beqrma Suamavlisgan gadasaxlebis
neba iTxova. allahis Suamavalma mas ase mimarTa; `moiTmine,
vimedovneb rom uzenaesi allahi mec momcems nebas da erTad
wavalT medinaSi~. Zvirfasma ebu beqrma hkiTxa; `ded-mama ge-
hijreTi
o
nacvalos allahis Suamavalo, nuTu marTla aris amis SesaZlebloba?~ rodesac allahis wminda Suamavalma TanxmobiT
upasuxa, ebu beqrma Zalian gaixara.
kTilSobilma ebu beqrma rvaasi dirhemi gadaixada, ori
aqlemi iyida da lodini daiwyo. meqqaSi mxolod sayvareli
Suamavali, keTilSobili ebu beqri, Zvirfasi ali, Raribebi,
avadmyofebi da warmarTebis mier datusaRebuli morwmuneebi iyvnen darCenilni.
medinelebma (ensarebma) meqqelebi (muhajirebi) Zalian Tbilad miiRes da maT Soris mSvenieri urTierToba damyarda.
meqqeli warmarTebi Zalian iyvnen Sewuxebuli imis fiqriT,
rom wminda muhammedi gadasaxlebaSi wavidoda da muslimanebis meTauri gaxdeboda. aseTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis
gansaxilvelad dar-un nedvSi Seikribnen da imis Sesaxeb daiwyes molaparakeba, Tu ra unda gaekeTebinaT. eSmakma moxuci nejdis saxe miiRo, warmarTebTan mivida da maTi saubari
moismina. warmarTebma uamravi winadadeba wamoayenes, magram
arcerTi ar iqna mowonebuli. Semdeg saubarSii eSmaki Caeria
da maT uTxra: `aseTi azrebiT veranair gamosavals ipoviT.
misi momRimari saxe da tkbili ena yovelgvar samzadiss CagiSliT. sxva gamosavali moifiqreT~.
yureiSTa meTaurma ebu jehlma aseTi winadadeba wamoayena: `yvela tomidan TiTo Zlieri pirovneba avirCioT, muhammeds Tavs daesxan, xanjali Cascen da sisxli daRvaron.
oRond ise, rom mkvlelTa vinaoba saidumlod darCes. amgvarad iZulebulni gaxdebian, sisxlis safasurze dagvTanxmdnen. Cvenc gadavuxdiT sisxlis safasurs da amden wvalebas
gadavrCebiT~. es azri eSmaksac moewona da warmarTebi aseTi
moqmedebisken waaxalisa.
warmarTebi am gegmis Sesrulebis samzadisSi iyvnen, roca
uzenaesma allahma wminda Suamavals gadasaxlebis neba misca. mas angelozi jibrili gamoecxada, warmarTebis gadawy-
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vetileba amcno da uTxra, rom im Rames sawolSi ar daeZina.
sayvarelma Suamavalma Zvirfas alis Txova, rom is im Rames
mis sawolSi dawoliliyo, Semdeg ki masze mibarebuli amanaTebi maTi mflobelebisTvis daebrunebina. `amaRam Cems
sawolSi daiZine, Cemi, es mosasxami daifare! ar SegeSindes,
araferi mogiva~.
Zvirfasi ali ise dawva, rogorc sayvarelma Suamavalma
ubrZana. is mzad iyo, nebismier dros allahis sayvareli
SuamavlisTvis Tavisi sicocxle gaewira.
hijreTis Rames, urwmunoebma allahis Suamavlis saxls
alya Semoartyes. am dros wminda Suamavali saxlidan `iasinis~ suras pirveli aTi aiaTis kiTxviT gamovida, xelSi erTi
muWa miwa aiRo da urwmunoT Tavze gadaayaraT. amis wyalobiT, maT Soris uvneblad gaiara da ebu beqris saxlTan mivida. warmarTebmidan is vercerTma ver SeniSna. gadmocemis
Tanaxmad, isini, romelTac Tavze miwa daeyaraT, bediris
brZolaSi iqnen moklulni.
ramdenime xnis Semdeg, erTma kaci mivida da Suamavlis
mosaklavad misulT hkiTxaT: `aq ras elodebiT?” maT upasuxes, muhammedis saxlidan gamosvlas velodebiTo. imkacma
maT uTxra: `geficebiT, muhammedma Tqven Soris gaiara, Tavze miwac ki gadagayaraT da uvnebeli wavida”. warmarTebma
Tavebze xelebi moisves da naxes, rom iq, marTlac, miwa
hqondaT. maSinve kars ecnen da saxlSi Sevardnen. roca naxes
rom wminda Suamavlis sawolSi Zvirfas alis eZina, mas hkiTxes, muhammedi sad wavidao. keTilSobilma alim upasuxa, me
saidan unda vicode, mis darajad xom ar dagiyenebivarTo.
warmarTebma keTilSobili ali cotaTi SeanjRries, Semdeg
qaabesTan axlos cota xniT daatusaRes da gauSves. amis Semdeg urwmunoebma allahis Suamavlis Zebna daiwyes.
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Tavdapirvelad keTilSobili ebu baqris saxlSi mividnen.
mamis adgilsamyofelis Sesaxeb, mis abu baqris Svils, esmas
hkiTxes, pasuxi rom ver miires, igi scemes. sadac SesaZle-
hijreTi
o
beli iyo, yvelgan eZebdnen, magram rom ver ipoves, kinaRam
Wkuaze SeiSalnen. maT Soris yvelaze gaafTrebulma ebu jehilma meqqas yvela kuTxeSi macneebi afrina. isini yvelas gasagonad gahyvirodnen:`vinc muhammedsa da ebu baqrs ipovis,
moiyvans an adgilsamyofels gvacnobebs 100 aqlems gadavcemT”. aseTi dapirebis gamgonma, zogierTma xarbma meqqelma
iaraRi aisxa cxenze Sejda da Zebnas Seudga.
amave dros, rodesac mis mosaklavad mosul warmarTebs
Tavi daaRwia, allahis Suamavali keTilSobili ebu beqris
saxlSi mibrZanda da megobars axara: `hijreTis neba ukve momeca~. aRelvebulma ebu beqrma uTxra: `neba momeci Sens dalocvil fexis mtvers Sevexo allahis Suamavalo! mec Tan
mogyvebiT?~ `diax~ _ upasuxa wmida Suamavalma. simarTlis
mTqmeli, keTilSobili ebu beqri sixarulisgan atirda.
Tval cremlianma mas uTxra; `Cemi sicocxle da mSoblebi
genacvalos allahis Suamavalo. aqlemebi mzad aris, romelsac isurvebT, is airCieT~. magram kacobriobis simayem
mas gamoucxda: `rac Cemi ar aris masze ar davjdebi, mxolod
fuliT viyidi!~ aseTi sityvebis gagonebis Semdeg, ebu baqri
iZulebuli gaxda, aqlemebis fasi eTqva.
keTilSobilma ebu beqrma cnobili gidi abudllah bin
ureiqs dauZaxa, garkveuli safasuri SesTavaza da gamcileblad aiyvana. garda amisa, mas ubrZana, rom sami dRis Semdeg,
aqlemebi sevris gamoqvabulTan mieyvana. seferis Tvis 27
dRis xuTSabaTi idga. wmida Suamavalma da ebu baqrma mcireodeni sagzali aiRes da gzas gaudgnen. keTilSobili ebu
baqri mgzavrobis dros, Suamavalis irgvliv, xan win, xan ukan,
xan marjvniv da xanac marcxniv dadioda. roca wmida Suamavalma hkiTxa, ase ratom akeTebo. abu beqrma upasuxa, mosalodneli xifaTisgan rom dagicvaTo. kacobriobis siamayem
hkiTxa: `isurvebdi, Cem Tavs mosalodneli ubedureba, Sen rom
dagatydes Tavs?~ Zvirfasma ebu baqrma miugo; `vficav, WeSmarit rwmeniT Sen momvlinebel uzenaes allahs, rom mirCevnia, Sen Tavs mosalodneli ubedureba, me damemarTos.~
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sayvarel Suamavals, siviwrovis gamo, gzaSi fexsacmelmi
daexa da fexebi dauzianda. ukve siarulis Zal-Ronec aRar
darCenoda. wvalebiT mTaze, gamoqvabulTan avidnen. roca
gamoqvabulis karebTan miaRwies, keTilSobilma ebu beqrma
Suamavals Txova; `wmida Suamavalo, allahis gulisTvis, SigniT ar SexvideT! jer me Seval da iqurobas davaTvalierebs, Tu rame mosaxdenia, dae, me momivides!~ Semdeg SigniT
Sevida iquroba gawminda, gaasufTava, Tavisi mosasxami nawilebad daxia da iq arsebuli, didi Tu patara, yvela xvreli
amoqola. rodesac erTi naxvreti mainc Ria darCa, isic fexsacmliT dafara da allahis Suamavals mxolod amis Semdeg
dauZaxa, SigmiT SemobrZandiTo.
wmida Suamavali SigniT Sevida. usazRvrod daRlilma ebu
baqris kalTaSi Tavi dado da daiZina. am dros keTilSobil
ebu baqrs fexze gvelma ukbina, magram man fexi ar gaanZria, ar
undoda rom wminda Suamavali gaeRviZebina. magram, rodesac
abu baqris cremli allahis Suamavals saxeze daewveTa, man
gaiRviZa da megobars hkiTxa: `ra dagemarTa, ebu beqr?~
keTilSobilma ebu beqrma upasuxa; `im naxvretidan, romelic fexsacmTli mqonda dafaruli, gveli SemoZvra da mikbina~. maSin wminda Suamavalma mas Wrilobaze nerwyvi wausva
da abu baqrsac tkivilma maSinve gauara.
roca sayvareli Suamavali da keTilSobili ebu beqri gamoqvabulSi imyofebodnen, urwmunoebma maT kvals miagnes
da roca gamoqvabulTan mividnen mis SesasvlelSi gadaWimuli obobas qseli dainaxes. mdevarTagan erT-erTma qurz bin
alqamem Tqva: `ai, aq kvals vkargavT.~ urwmunoebma aRniSnes,
muhammedi da abu baqri aq rom Sesuliyvnen, obobas qsels
ueWvelad gawyvetdneno.
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zogierTma maTganma Tqva, barem mosulebi varT da erTi
Cvengani gamoqvabulSi Sevides da iqauroba daaTvalieroso.
am azrs umeiie bin halefi SeewinaaRmdega. `Tqven, saerTod
Wkua mogekiTxebaT? ra gesaqmebaT im gamoqvabulSi, romlis
hijreTi
o
Sesasvlelze obobas ramdenimefeniani qseli aqvs moqsovili, geficebiT, am obobas qseli muhammedis dabadebamde aqvs
gakeTebuli.~-Tqva man. roca urwmunoebi gamoqvabulis SesasvlelTan kamaTobdnen, SigniT ebu baqrs SiSi daeufla da
sayvarel Suamavals uTxra: `allahs vficav, sakuTar Tavze
ar vzrunav, mxolod imis meSinia, Sen araferi mogivides. me
rom momklan, amiT araferi Seicvleba, magram Sen rom rame
mogivides, mTeli ummeTi daiRupeba~. kacobriobis siamayem
ebu beqrs miugo: `ar moiwyino! ueWvelia, rom allahi CvenTan
aris~.
magram amiT ebu beqrs mrelvarebam ar gauara, man Tqva:`
allahis Suamavalo, erTma maTganma Tavi rom daxaros da Semoixedos, dagvinaxaven~. Suamavalma mas gaumeora: `ebu beqr!
ar moiwyino! Cven Tu orni varT, mesame CvenTan allahia.~ ramdenime xnis Semdeg urwmunoebi ise wavidnen, rom gamoqvabulis SigniT arc ki SeuxedavT.
sayvareli Suamavali da Zvirfasi ebu beqri gamoqvabulSi,
sul sami dRe-Rame darCnen. keTilSobili ebu beqris vaJi abdullahi, rasac dRisiT maT Sesaxeb meqqaSi gaigebda, RamiT
gamoqvabulSi midioda da amcnobda, xolo ebu baqris mier
ganTavisuflebuli mona amir bin fuheire ki RamRamobiT maT
rZes uzidavda da ukan dabrunebisas kvals Slida.
sayvareli Suamavali sevris gamoqvabulidan meoTxe dRes
gamovida da aqlemze Sejda.
igi yvelaze uZvirfases da didebul qalaqs, Tavis samSoblos, wminda meqqas Sordeboda. aqlemi haremi Serifisken miatriala da, damwuxrebulma, es sityvebi warmosTqva: `vficav
allahs! Sen uzenaesi allahis mier gaCenil qalaqTagan yvelaze kargi da misTvis yvelaze sayvareli xar. Sengan rom ar
ganvedevneT, arsad wavidodi. CemTvis Senze lamazi da sayvareli samSoblo ar arsebobs. iZulebuli rom ar viyo, Sens garda
samSoblod, TavSesafrad sxva adgils ar avirCevdi~.
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j
am dros mas jibril angelozi gamoecxada da hkiTxa: `allahis Suamavalo, samSoblo Zalian giyvars? ukve mogenatra?~ wminda Suamavalma upasuxa: `diax, miyvars~. Semdeg jibril angelozma sasixarulo ambavi acnoba da waukiTxa sura
`yassasis~ 85-e aiaTi, romliTac garkveuli drois Semdeg,
isev meqqaSi dabrunebas auwyebda. ase daamSvida jibrilma
sayvareli Suamavali.
mogzauroba mSvidobianad grZeldeboda. miuxedavd imisa,
rom warmarTebi mas yvelgan eZebdnen, mis kvals mainc ver miagnes, vinaidan WeSmariti allahi maT borotebisgan icavda.
roca allahis Suamavalma qudeids miaRwia, xelgaSlilobiT
cnobili, Wkviani, namusiani da patiosani qalbatonis, ummu
ma’bedis karavis win SeCerdnen. finikis xurmisa da xorcis
yidva undodaT. Tavad ummu ma’bedi mogviTxrobs: `eseni rom
mqonoda, ki ar mivyiddi, aramed gavumaspinZldebodi. magram
siRaribisa da saarsebo saSualebis uqonlobis gamo araferi
mebada. roca mkiTxes, rZe Tu gaqvso, vupasuxe, ara ar maqvs aqlemebi ar iwveleba-meTqi. Semdeg kacobriobis siamayem karvis gverdiT mdgari, gamxdari cxvrisken mimaniSna da
mkiTxa: `ummu ma’bed! es cxvari ratom gyavs aq dabmuli?~ `eg
avdmyofobis, sisustisa da uZlurebis gamo cxvris faras
CamorCa.~ _ vupasuxe. man mkiTxa: `es cxvari iwveleba? nebas
damrTavT rom movwvelo?~ me mas vuTxari, rom cxvars rZe ar
hqonda, Torem misi mowvela, ra Tmqa unda SiZleboda...~ allahis Suamavali cxvarTan mivida, uzenaesi allahis saxeli
axsena da Seevedra. Semdeg dalocvili xeli cxvars jiqanze
mousva, jiqani maSinve rZiT gaivso da dena daiwyo. maSinve
WurWeli moitanes da gaavses. allahis Suamavalma WurWeli,
pirvel rigSi, ummu ma’beds gauwoda, mis Semdeg rZe ebu baqrma da danarCenma iq myofebmac gaZRomamde dalies, xolo
bolos TviTonac miirTva. Semdeg cxvris jiqans kidev erTxel mousva xeli, karvidan yvelaze didi WurWlis gamotana
iTxova isic rZiT gaavso da ummu ma’beds Caabara.
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rodesac saxlSi ummu ma’bedis meuRle dabrunda da rZe
hijreTi
o
naxa, Zalian gauxarda. man ikiTxa: `es rZe saidan gaCnda?”
ummu ma’bedma miugo: `viRac pirovneba movida da Cvens ojaxs
pativi dasdo, rasac xedav yvelaferi mis mier motanili wyaloba da baraqaa~. aseTi pasuxiT Sefiqrianebulma qmarma
cols hkiTxa: `SegiZlia, is pirovneba garegnulad aRwero?~
ummu ma’bedma upasuxa: `diax, SemiZlia. im dalocvil adamians, romlmac Cvens ojaxs pativi dasdo, lamazi, momRimari
saxe hqonda da Tavazianad mosaubre iyo. mis TvalebSi cotaodeni siwiTle igrZnoboda, grZeli wamwamebi, Savi Tvalebi, Savi Tmebi da xSiri wveri hqonda. roca gaCumdeboda,
masSi darbaisloba da TavdaWeriloba isadgurebda. xolo
roca laparaks iwyebda iRimeboda, sityvebi margalitebiviT
scvioda piridan. Soridan misi danaxva cota SiSi momgvreli
iyo, magram, roca axlos movida, Zalian tkbili sandomiani
da Tvalwarmtaci adamianis StabeWdileba datova. misi Tanmxlebni misi TiToeuli moTxovnis Sesasruleblad mTeli
suliTa da guliT iswrafvodnen~, garda zemoT CamoTvlilisa ummu ma’bedma allahis Suamavlis kidev bevri Tviseba
CamoTvala. meuRlem, romelic mas didi gakvirebiT usmenda,
Tqva; `vficav, es is pirovnebaa, romelsac yuraiSebi eZeben.
me, rom is menaxa, siamovnebiT movemsaxurebodi da gverdidan ar movSordebodi~. gadmocemis mixedviT zemoT naxsenebma cxvarma Tvrameti weli icocxla. kacobriobis siamayis
mier motanili baraqiT es ojaxi kidev didxans sazrdoobda.
ummu ma’bedis meuRle allahis Suamavlis sanaxavad wavida,
mas rimis velze Sexvda da islami miiRo. ummu ma’bedic aseve
muslimani gaxda.
suraqa bin maliq
warmarTebi medinadan wasul wmida muhammedsa da ebu baqrs gamudmebiT eZebdnen. Tu ver ipovidnen, maT didi xifaTi emuqrebodaT. radgan varaudobdnen, rom muslimanebi,
sul mokle xanSi, saxelmwifos Camoayalibebdnen da maT ga-
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j
nadgurebas SesZlebdnen. amis gamo warmarTebma rac ebadaT,
yvelaferi gamoitanes mas, vinc Suamavalsa da ebu beqrs an
moklavda anac tyved aiyvanda, 100 aqlems, uamravi qonebasa
da fuls Sehpirdnen. am ambavma suraqa bin maliqisa da mudlijisSvilebis yuramdec miaRwia. suraqa bin maliqs kvalis
povnis specialisti iyo, amitom am winadadebiT Zlier dainteresda.
mudlijisSvilebi erT, samSabaT dRes, suraqa bin maliqis
ubanSi, qudeidSi Sekrebiliyvnen. Sekrebas Tavad suraqa bin
maliqic eswreboda. am dros iq erT-erTi yuraiSeli mivida
da suraqas uTxra` `suraqa! geficebi, cota xnis win napirisken mimaval, sami adamians movkari Tvali. isini rogorc
Cans, muhammedi da misi sahabeebi unda iyvnen~. suraqa saqmis
viTarebas maSinve mixvda, magram imis gamo, jildo mxolod
TavisTvis undoda, saqmis gaketebac martom isurva. amitom
ar undoda allahis wminda Suamavlis adgilsamyoflis adgili vinmes codnoda. amitom yuraiSelis naTqvams, TiTqosda,
yuradRebac ar miaqcia.
suraqa bin maliqi cota xnis Semdeg malulad saxlSi dabrunda, msaxurs cxenisa da xmlis momzadeba, velis ukana
mxares gasvla da dalodeba ubrZana. TviTon ki Subi aiRo,
masze areklil mzis sxivebs vinmes yuradReba rom ar miepyro, miwisken daxara da cxeni gaaWena. bolosdabolos Suamavlisa da abu baqris kvals miagno da maT ise miuaxlovda,
rom ukve erTmaneTis danaxvac SeeZloT. ufro metic, suraqas Suamavlis mier wmida yuranis kiTxvac esmoda, magram
allahis keTilSobili Suamavali ukan ar ixedeboda. roca
Zvirfasma ebu beqrma ukan miixeda da suraqa dainaxa, SeSfoTda. sayvarel Suamavalma mas igive uTxra, rac gamoqvabulSi: `nu swuxxar, uzenaesi allahi CvenTan ars~.
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buharis gadmocemis mixedviT, roca ebu beqrma Suamavals
cxenosnis moaxloebis Sesaxeb amcno, kacobriobis siamaye
uzenaes allahs ase Seavedra: `udideso, gamCeno, Camoagde is
hijreTi
o
Zirs!~ sxva gadmocemis mixedviT, roca suraqa maT miuaxlovda, ebu baqrs tirili dauwyia. Suamavalis kiTxvaze, ratom
tirixaro megobars upasuxia: `geficebi CemTvis ki ara, SenTvis vtiri, meSinia, raime ziani ar mogayenos~.
suraqa imdenad miauxlovda Suamavals, rom Tavdasxma ukve
SeeZlo. man Suamavals SesZaxa; `dRes vin dagifaravs Cemgan?~
`uzenaesi allahi damicavs~ _ upasuxa ukeTilSobilesma muhammedma. am dros suaqas cxeni wina fexebiT, muxlebamde,
miwaSi Caeflo. suaqam cxenis gadasarCenad bevri izruna, magram amaod. mas metis arafris gakeTeba SeeZlo. usaSvelod
darCenilma suraqam xvewna-mudara dauwyo wyalobiTa da gulisxmierebiT savse wminda Suamavals. suraqam mas ase mimarTa: `Seevedre, muhammed! gavige rom uzenaesis ZaliT namdvilad daculi xar. Seevedre allahs da gadamarCine. amis
Semdeg zians arasodes mogayeneb, vinc geZebs, Sens Sesaxeb
imaTac arafers vetyvi~. kacobriobis siamaye allahs Seavedra; `udideso gamCeno, Tu is am sityvebs wrfeli guliT ambobs, gadaarCine misi cxeni~ ismina uzenaesma allahma wminda
Suamavlis vedreba da cxoveli ueWveli sikvdilisgan ixsna.
iqidan, sadac cxens fexebi hqonda Cafluli, zecisken
amaRlebuli kvamli avida, romelsac suraqa gaognebuli Sescqeroda. amiT igi mixvda, rom dalocvili muhammed Suamavali uzenaesi allahisgan iyo daculi. garda amisa, kidev
bevri ramis momswre gaxda suraqa. bolos Suamavals aseTi
sityva misca: `muhammed! me suraqa bin maliqi var, CemSi arasdros daeWvde, sityvas gaZlev, rom amis Semdeg Sen mouwonar saqmes aRar gavakeTeb. Seni xalxi Sen da Seni megobrebis damWers Zalian didi jildos Sehpirdnen~. garda amisa
yuraiSebis gegmebis Sesaxeb yvelaferi dawvrilebiT mouyva.
amasTan erTad, suraqam wmida Suamavals SeWamandi da aqlemi
SesTavaza, magram sayvareli Suamavali mas ar daeTanxma da
uTxra: `suraqa! sanam islams ar iwameb, manamde Seni arc aqlemi minda da arc cxeni. axla CemTvis isic sakmarisia, rom Cemi
naxvis ambavi ar gaaxmauro~.
191
n
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
ibni sa’di gadmogvcems: `roca suraqam Suamavals uTxra,
mibrZane rac gnebavso, Suamavalma uTxra: `qalaqSi dabrundi
da aravis misce imis saSualeba, rom Cven dagvewios~.
rasac uzenaesi allahi isurvebs, is aucileblad moxdeba.
amitomac wminda Suamavalis mokvlis, saamisod didi jildos mopovebis, usazRvrod Zlieri surviliT Sepyrobili,
da gzas damdgari suraqa momxdaris Semdeg ukve gulRia,
sasiamovno, damyol da morCil bavSvs hgavda. imisaTvis
rom wminda Suamavals cudi araferi mosvloda, uzenaesma
allahma,romelsac yvelafris zala Seswevs, suraqas boroti
guli, sikeTiT aRsavsed aqcia. raRa Tqma unda, uzenaesi allahi Tavis sayvarel Suamavals daxmarebis gareSe, martod
ar datovebda. vinaidan is, kacobriobis wyalobad, adamianebisTvis amqveyniuri da saiqio bednierebis mosapoveblad
movlenili Suamavali iyo.
amis Semdeg suraqa ukan dabrunda da rac Tavs gadaxda
saidumlod Seinaxa.
gixarodeT! gixarodeT! qveynierebis sulTani modis!...
wminda Suamavali, keTilSobili ebu beqri, amr bin fuheire da maTi gidi, abdullah bin ureiqiTi, (hijreTis pirvel
wels, orSabaT, 8 rebiul evvels (Cveni welTaRricxvis mixedviT 622 wlis 20 seqtembers) naSuadRevs sofels “qubaSi”
mividnen. dRes es TariRi mulimanuri welTaRricxvis axal
wlad aRiniSneba. isini qulsum bin hidmis salSi dabinavdnen.
aq qubas velze, pirveli meCeTi aages, pirveli juma iloces
da pirveli xuTbe (qadageba) waikiTxes. qubas meCeTis Sesaxeb wminda yuranSi, suras Tevbes 108-e aiaTSi asea natqvami:
`RvTismosaobiT saZirkvelCayrili meCeTi.~
meqqaSi darCenili Zvirfasi ali, qaabaSi, allahis Suamavlis sayvarel adgilze ijda da acxadebda, visac amanaTi
Suamavalze gqondaT mibarebuli modiT da waiReTo. yvela
192 modioda, TavianTi amanaTis saxeobasa da raodenobas ambobd-
n
hijreTi
o
nen da mihqondaT. amgvarad keTilSobilma alim amanaTebi
mepatroneebs usrulad gadasca.
sahabeebi, romlebic medinaSi ver wavidnen, keTilSobil
alis miekedlnen. sanam allahis Suamavali medinaSi kargad
moewyoboda, manamde keTilSobili ali meqqaSi darCa.
allahis lomi, keTilSobili ali, erT dRes, mivida iq sadac yuraiSi urwmunoebi iyvnen Sekrebilni da maT ganucxada; `uzenaesi allahis nebiT, xval medinaSi mivdivar. Tu
raime pretenzia gaqvT, TqviT, sanam aq var?~ yvelam Tavebi
daxara da veraferi Tqva. roca gaTenda keTilSobilma alim
sayvareli Suamavlis piradi nivTebi aiRo da ehli beiTTan
(Suamavalis muhammedis ojaxis wevrebi) da sakuTar naTesavebTan erTad medinas gzas gaudga. dRisiT imalebodnen,
xolo RamiT ki gzas agrZelebdnen. bolos imdenad gauWirdaT siaruli, rom SeSfoTdnen, vai, Tu SuamavalTan veRar
mivaRwioTo. roca amis Sesaxeb wminda Suamavalma gaigo, maT
TviTon Seegeba. roca keTilSobili ali aseT dReSi naxa,
Zalian Seecoda. sayvarel, erTgul da uangaro biZaSvils
moexvia. dalocvili xelebiT, wminda gzaze aTasnair sirTuleebs gamovlil, natif, naz fexebze moefera da maTTvis vedreba aRavlina. ufro metic, keTilSobili alis am udidesi
erTgulebis Sesaxeb sura bayaras 207-e aiaTi zegardmoevlina. aiaTis mniSvneloba aseTia: `arseboben iseTi adamianebi,
romlebic uzenaesi allahis gulisTvis Tavs gaswiraven~.
ufro adre medinaSi emigrirebulma eshabi qiramma da medinelma muslimanebma qveynierebis sulTnis meqqadan wamosvlis
Sesaxeb rom gaiges, udidesi sixaruliTa da mRelvarebiT mis
mobrZanebas elodnen. maT wminda medinas SemogarenSi meTvalyureebi daayenes, radgan, roca allahis Suamavali qalaqs
mouaxlovdeboda, mas Sehgebebodnen. erTi suli hqondaT,
rodis ewveoda medinas sayvareli Suamavali. misi siyvaruliT iwvodnen, gaxurebul udabnoSi wylis natvris msgavsad
Tvalebi zecis kabadons hqondaT mipyrobili. bolosdabo-
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j
los xma moesmaT: `mobrZandebian!... mobrZandebian!...~ yvela
cxel udabnos gascqeroda. dainaxes rogor moiwevdnen isini
gaxurebul udabnoSi, miuxedavad mzis mwveli sicxisa. momlodine xalxi usazRvro sixaruliT erTmaneTs SesZaxodnen;
`gixarodeT!... gixarodeT!... Cveni Suamavali mobrZandeba!..
gaixareT medinelebo, imxiaruleT “habibullahi” allahis
sayvareli Suamavali mobrZandeba!... Cveni gvirgvini mobrZandeba!..~. es ambavi sul male medinas quCebSi gaJRerda. yvela
didi Tu patara, janmrTeli Tu sneuli am Seudarebel ambavs
sixaruliT eloda. medinelebma yvelaze lamazi tansacmeli Caicves da, saCqarod, qveynierebis batonis Sesagebeblad
gaiqcnen. allahis sadidebeli xmebi zecas aJRerebda, sixarulisgan cremlebi niaRvariviT mosdiodaT. medina istoriulad yvelaze bednier dRes zeimobda. erT kuTxes yvelas
mxriv sandod cnobili, uzenaesi allahis sayvareli Suamavlis mosaklavad jildos Sepirebulni, xolo meore kuTxes
ki Suamavlisa da Tavisi megobrebis damcvelni, gulSi Casakravad da maTi gulisTvis sicocxlis dauzogavni iyvnen.
medinelebs erTi suli hqondaT, rodis naxavdnen sayvareli Suamavlis gabrwyinebul saxes. medinas Tavis arsebobis manZilze aseTi bednierebiTa da sixaruliT aRsavse dRe
arasodes hqonia. am Seudarebel zeims medineli bavSvebi da
qalebi xotbebSi gamoxatavdnen.
naTelma mTvarem amoanaTa,
gabrwyinda vedas dablobi.
madloba Senda RmerTo maRalo,
rom gviwyalobe mnaTobi.
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Sen xar mze Cveni da Sen xar mTvare,
brwyinvale manaTobeli.
sxivi xar CvenTa sulTa gamTbobi,
uflisa maxarobeli.
hijreTi
o
`keTili iyos Seni mobrZaneba allahis Suamavalo!~ eubnebodnen isini da TiToeuli imis surviliT iwvoda, rom kacobriobis siamaye mis ojaxSi misuliyo. zogierTi medineli
gavleniani piri aqlemis avSaraze eqaCebodnen da Suamavalo,
CemTan mobrZandio, evedrebodnen. Suamavalma maT ase mimarTa: `gauSviT avSaras xeli. visi saxlis winac aqlemi CaiCoqeba, misi stumari viqnebio~. uceb yvela raRacnairma, didma
enTuziazmma da interesma Seipyro. medinelebi fiqrobdnen:
`netavi aqlemi sad daiCoqebs~. TiToeul saxlTan gavlisas
ojaxis ufrosi exveweboda, CemTan mobrZandio. sayvareli
Suamavali maT uRimoda da eubneboda, aqlems gza gauxseniT, mas nabrZanebi aqvs, sad unda CaiCoqoso. aqlemma saxelad qusvam, rogorc iqna dRevandeli mesjidi Serifis karis
adgilze CaiCoqa. (maSin iq, jer meCeTi ar iyo aSenebuli).
wminda Suamavali aqlemidan ar Camovida, radgan cxoveli
maSinve fexze wamodga da gza ganagrZo. bolos isev iq mivida, sadac pirvelad CaiCoqa, isev Caimuxla da aRar amdgara. amis Semdeg sayvareli Suamavali aqlemidan Camovida da
Tqva: `RvTis neba surviliT es aris Cveni saxli~ _ Semdeg
ikiTxa, es adgili visiao, iq myofT miuges: `allahis Suamavalo eg amiris Svilebis, suheilisa da sehlis aris~. es bavSvebi
oblebi iyvnen. Semdeg Suamavalma ikiTxa; `Cven naTesavTagan
visi saxlia yvelaze ufro axlos?~ vinaidan Suamavlis babua
abdul muttalibis deda nejjaris SvileTagani iyo, hadil
bin zeid ebu eiubel ensarma udidesi sixaruliTa da aRfrTovanebiT Tqva, Cemi saxli yvelaze ufro axlos ariso.
amis Semdeg aqlems tvirTi Camoxsna da sayvareli Suamavali
miipatiJa.
medineli muslimanebi da emigrantebi (muhajirebi) sayvareli Suamavlis medinaSi gadmosaxlebis gamo Zalian gaxarebulniiyvnen.
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
Suqmofenili medinas xana
sayvareli Suamavalis misiis mecamete wels, hijris kalendris mixedviT 12 rebiulevvels (Cven welTaRricxviT
622 wels) medinaSi emigraciiT, daiwyo allahis wminda Suamavlis sxivmofenil medinaSi cxovrebis aTwliani periodi.
rodesac sayvareli Suamavali halid bin zeid ebu eiubel
ensaris saxlSi mibrZanda, qveda sarTulze dabinaveba irCia.
amgvarad, es pirovneba dalocvili Suamavlis stumrobiTa
iqna amaRlebuli.
Zvirfasi halidi mogviTxrobs; `roca allahis Suamavalma
Tavisi stumrobiT ojaxs udidesi pativi dasdo, qveda sarTulze dabinaveba irCia. Cven ki zeda sarTulze vcxovrobdiT da amis gamo Zalain Sewuxebuli viyaviT. erT dResac
vTxove; `ded-mama genacvalos allahis Suamavalo! ara var
kmayofili roca me zeda sarTulze, xolo Sen qveda sarTulze cxovrob. ar momwons da Zalian vwuxvar amis gamo. ra
moxdeba, Tqveno aRmatebulebav, neba damrToT, rom qvemoT
Camovide, tqven ki zeda sarTulze icxovroT?~ Suamavalma
mipasuxa: `ebaa eiubel ensar, saxlis qveda sarTulze cxovreba
CvenTvis ufro xelsayrelia~ is fiqrobda rom mosul stumrebs ase ufro Tavisuflad miiRebda da gaesaubreboda. amitomac Cven saxlis zeda sarTulze davrCiT.
erT dRes wylis WurWeli gagvityda. daRvrili wyali sayvarel Suamavals rom ar dawveTeboda da ar Sewuxebuliyo,
amisaTvis,me da Cemma meuRlem xaverdis sabani, romlis meti
ar gvebada, aviReT da Zirs daRvril wyals davafareT~.
ebaa eiubel ensari isev Zalian wuxda, rom is zeda sarTulze cxovrobda, bolosdabolos, rogorc iqna, daiTanxma
Suamavali da isic meore sarTulze gadavida sacxovreblad,
xolo erTguli ansari pirvel sarTulze Cavida. ebaa eiubel
ensari gadmogvcems: `yovel saRamos allahis Suamavals saW-
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j
mels vumzadebdiT da vugzavnidiT. monarCens ukan gvigzavnida. me da Cemi meuRle ukan gamogzavnil kerZSi Suamavlis
mier Sexebul adgilebs veZebdiT, siamovnebiT mivirTmevdiT
da misi siuxviT vtkbebodiT. erT saRamosac, roca xaxviani
da nivriani kerZi movamzadeT da gavugzavneT, sayvarelma
allahis Suamavalma ukan gamogvigzavna. masSi misi TiTebis
kvali rom ver vipove, viyvire, masTan gaviqeci da vkiTxe:
`allahis Suamavalo! Cemi mSoblebi genacvalos! Tqven wuxel SeWamadi ukan mogvibruneT, magram masSi Seni madlmosili xelis kvali ver davinaxeT. manamde me da Cemi meuRle
Sen mier ukan gamogzavnil saWmelSi Seni madlmosli xelis
kvals vpoulobdiT da siamovnebiT mivirTmevdiT~. sayvarelma Suamavalma mipasuxa: `saWmelSi xaxvisa da nivris suni
vigrZeni da radganac angelozs vesubrebodi, amis gamo ar mivirTvi~. vkiTxe: `ase Sekmazuli saWmlis Wama akrZalulia?~
man mipasuxa: ara Tqven is miirTviT, me misi suni ar momewona da
amitom ar mivirTvio. `maS Tu egrea, rac Tqven ar mogwonT,
is arc Cven mogvwons~ _ vuTxari mas. amis Semdeg ojaxSi
nivrisa da xaxvisgan kerZi arasdros mogvimzadebia.
erTxel, allahis Suamavlisa da Zvirfasi ebu beqirisTvis sakmarisi kerZi movamzadeT da mivutaneT. allahis Suamavalma miTxra; `eba eiub! ensarTagan ocdaaTi kaci dapatiJe
vaxSamze!~ vifiqre ase cota saWmeli Suamavals bevrad xom
ar moeCvena-meTqi, amgvar fiqrebSi garTuls samyaros siamayem Semaxsena: `ensarTagan ocdaaTi kaci dapatiJe vaxsamze!~
mec ase moviqeci, rodesac movidnen da yvela danayrda mere
mivxvdi, rom aq saswauls hqonda adgili. amitomac mosul
stumrebs rwmena ganumtkicdaT Suamavals kidev erTxel misces erTgulebis piroba da wavidnen.
Semdeg, samoci kaci dapatiJeo, mibrZana. me ukve mivxvdi,
rom es yvelaferi saswauli iyo da samoci kaci didi sixaruliT moviwvie vaxSamze. movidnen, miirTves da yvela danayrebuli wavida saxlSi.
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Suqmofenili medinas xana
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TiToeuli maTgani amtkicebda, rom allahis Suamavals
saswaulebis moxdenis unari hqonda. amis Semdeg oTxmocdaaTi kacis dapatiJeba damavala. davaleba Sevasrule. Sumavlis gankargulebiT sufrasTan aT-aTi kaci dajda. maT
vaxSami miirTves da yvela maTgani am saswaulis mxilveli
gaxda. saWmeli ki ramdenic mivitane, isev imdeni iyo, TiTqosda xelic aravis exlo.
ensarTa da muhajirTa Zmoba
sayvarel Suamavalma Suqmofenil medinaSi ufro mWidro
urTierTobis CamoyalibebisaTvis emigrirebuli muhajirebi
da TavSesafris uzrunvelmyofi, medineli ensarebi Zmebad
gamoacxada. Zvirfasi ali yvelaze bolos darCa, egona, me
damiviwyao da hkiTxa: `allahis Suamavalo me dagaviwydiT?~
kacobriobis siamayem miugo: `Sen Cemi Zma xar rogorc am qveynad, aseve saiqioSic~. es erToba materialuri da sulieri
Zmobis safuZvels eyrdnoboda. amgvarad, muhajirebSi samSoblos, kerisa da naTesavebisgan ganSorebis mwuxareba nawilobrivad mainc iqneboda daZleuli. medinelma muslimanebma uzenaesi allahis rjuliT cxovrebisaTvisa da islamis
gavrcelebisaTvis samSoblodan gadmoxvewili muhajiri Zmebi
wrfeli guliT, ojaxebSi miipatiJes, maTi yovelmxrivi daxmarebisaTvis mTeli suliTa da guliT zrunavdnen. am Zmobis
CamoyalibebiT, erTmanets ufro mtkiced, mTeli suliTa da
guliT Cahkides xelebi. allahis sayvarel Suamavalma yoveli muhajiri misi xasiaTis Sesaferis ensars dauZmobila. es
Zmoba imdenad mtkice iyo, rom muhajirebze memkvidreobiT
darCenili qonebis gadacemasac iTvaliswinebda.
yoveli medineli, yvelaferi rac gaaCnda, miwis nakveTebs,
baR-venaxebs, ojaxsa da qonebas… orad hyofdnen. amgvarad
yvelafers TavianT muhajir Zmebs unawilebdnen. muhajirTagan abdurrahman bin avfi mogiTxrobs: `rodesac Suqmofenil medinaSi gadavediT, alllahis Suamavalma me da sa’d bin
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j
rebi Zmebad gamogvacxada. amis Semdeg sa’dma miTxra: `Cemo
Zmao, abdurrahman! me sxva medinelebTan SedarebiT ufro
mdidari var, amitom qoneba orad gavanawile da naxevari Sen
mogakuTvne~. me vupasuxe: `uzenaesma allahma Seni qoneba
mSvidobaSi mogaxmaros, me qoneba ar mWirdeba, bazris gza
maCvene da CemTvis es sakmarisi iqneba.
aseTi erTguleba mxolod muslimanTa sulieri ZmobiT
iqneboda SesaZlebeli. wmida adamidan moyolebuli dRemde
uamrav emigracias hqonda adgili, magram aseTi mniSvnelobis mqone da didsulovani emigracia (hijreTi), gadmosaxlebulTa da adgilobriv macxovrebelTa Soris aseTi lamazi,
mosiyvarule damokidebuleba arasodes yofila. uzenaesi allahi wminda yuranis sura `hujuraTis~ me-10 aiaTSi
brZanebs: `morwmuneebi mxolod erTmaneTis Zmebi arian~. es
imaze migvaniSnebs, rom namdvili siyvaruli da erTguleba ara materialuri interesiT, aramed gulwrfeli rwmeniT
aris SesaZlebeli. sakmarisi iyo allahis Suamavals mxolod
erTxel esaubra, rom sahabeebs erTmaneTis mimarT maSinve
aseTi keTili gawyobisa uCndebodaT. sayvareli Suamavlis
madlmosili gulidan gadmosuli,moCuxCuxe nakadulis msgavsi wyaloba da guluxvoba pirdapir TanamimdevarTa gulebSi miedineboda. amis Sedegad ki maT arnaxuli TavganwirviT uyvardebodaT erTmaneTi da sulieri Zmebi sakuTar
Tavs erCivnaT.
ensarebma da muhajirebma islamis axal centrSi, mTeli
suliTa da guliT, xelixelCakidebulebma islamis gasaZliereblad, Tavganwirvisa da Sehidad dacemis pativis misaRwevad
piroba dades. amgvarad wminda Suamavlis garSemo Semoikribnen da islamis safuZvlebze dayrdnobiT, axal wyobilebasa
da cxovrebas agebdnen. ukve am dRidan islamma `saxelmwifoebrobisken~ pirveli nabiji gadadga. Suqmofenili medina
ki islamis religiis akvnad da centrad yalibdeboda.
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medinaSi garda muslimebisa, kerpTayvanismcemeli warmar-
Suqmofenili medinas xana
o
Tebi, qristianebi da iudevelebi cxovrobdnen. iudevelebi,
beni qainuqas, beni qureizas, da beni nadris saxiT sam toms
Seadgendnen. eseni islamisa da, gansakuTrebiT, sayvareli
Suamavlis sastiki mtrebi iyvnen.
meqqeli warmarTebi medinaSi erTmaneTis mimarT muslimanTa Zmur damokidebulebaSi did safrTxes xedavdnen.
maT icodnen, rom Tu mokle droSi am saqmes bolos ver
mouRebdnen, muslimanebi gaZlierdebodnen da meqqas Tavs
daesxmebodnen, mitovebul miwa-wylebs, ojaxebs, samSoblos
daibrunebdnen. aseTi fiqrebiT Sewuxebuli meqqeli warmarTebisgan, medinel muslimanebs muqaris werilebi mosdiodaT. am werilTagan erT-erTSi ewera: `eWvgareSea, rom
iseTi mtruli damokidebuleba, rogoric Tqven mimarT gvaqvs, arcerTi arabi tomis mimarT ar gvqonia. vinaidan Cveni
kuTxis adamians, romelic CvenTvis unda gadmogecaT, guli
gadauSaleT, yovelgvari daxmareba gauwieT da SeifareT. es
Tqveni didi danaSaulia. gTxovT, Cven saqmeSi nu CaereviT
da is adamiani Cvenve dagvibruneT. Tu mas kargi momavali
eqneba, yvelaze metad Cven gagvixardeba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, misi gamosworebac Cveni valia”
am werils Zvirfasma qa’b bin maliqma lamazi pasuxi gasca.
meqqelma urwmunoebma medinel warmarTebsac analogiuri muqaris werili gaugzavnes. maTac SeuTvales: “Tu Cven
kuTxis pirovnebas qalaqidan ar gandevniT, an ar moklavT
yvelas gadagivliT da gagwyvitavT. qalebs ki mxevlebad
wamoviyvanT”.
am werilis Semdeg, medineli warmarTebi abdullah bin
ubeis garSemo Seikribnen da gadawyvetes, rom xelsayrel
momentSi allahis Suamavlis likvidacia moexdinaT.
roca amis Sesaxeb muslimanebma Seityves, sayvareli Suamavlis dasacavad yovlgvar Zalisxmeva mimarTes da mis garSemo Semoikribnen. RamiT quCaSi ver gadiodnen da sakuTar
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
ojaxebSi ver iZinebdnen. sahabeebi iaraRasxmulni allahis
Suamavals dilamde darajobdnen. ubei bin qa’bi mogviTxrobs: `roca allahis Suamavali da sahabeebi medinaSi Cavidnen, muslimanebi warmarTi arabi tomebis mtrobis samizne
gaxdnen~.
sahabeebi erT sxeulad Camoyalibdnen, raime safrTxis
dros mTeli ZalebiT erTmaneTis dasaxmareblad garbodnen, maTTvis yvelaze wina planze wminda Suamavali idga.
allahis sayvareli Suamavali, danarCen TvisebebTan erTad
gambedaobaSic sahabeebs Soris yvelaze win idga. Tu RamiT
vinmes yvirilis xmas gaigonebda, sxvebze adre cxeniT elvis
siswrafiT iq gaCndeboda. viTarebas gaarkvevda da eshabs
acnobebda, rom saxifaTo araferi iyo.
mesjidi nebevi
wminda Suamavlis medinaSi CabrZanebis dRidan pirveli saqme, ehsabis aRzrda da erToblivi ZalebiT (jamaaTiT) namazis
salocavi meCeTis ageba iyo. amjeradac nas angelozi jibrili gamoecxada da amcno: `allahis Suamavalo! uzenaesi allahi TavisTvis qvisa da agurisagan saxlis (meCeTis) aSenebas
gibrZanebs~ allahis sayvarelma Suamavalma meCeTis asaSeneblad, maSinve im adgilis yidva gadawyvita, sadac medinaSi
Semosvlisas misma aqlemma pirvelad CaiCoqa. am adgilis mepatroneebs Zalian undodaT, rom misTvis es miwa eCuqebinaT.
maT kacobriobis siamayes Txoves: `allahis Suamavalo! Cven
mis safasurs mxolod da mxolod allahisgan aviRebT. xolo
Tqven im miwas allahis gulisTvis gaCuqebT~. wminda Suamavalma maT ar daeTanxma da miwis safasuri gadauxada.
erTis mxriv miwis mosworebaze mimdinareobda muSaoba,
meore mxriv ki qvasa da agurs amzadebdnen. saZirkvelis pirveli qva allahis sayvarelma Suamavalma Tavisi madlmosili
xelebiT dado. Semdeg ki brZana, rom TanmimdevrobiT ebu
202 beqrs, omars, osmansa da alis qvebi mis mier dadebuli qvis
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Suqmofenili medinas xana
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gverdiT daewyoT. rodesac es davaleba Sesrulebuli iqna,
Semdeg eshabi qirams ubrZana, saZirkvelSi qvebi Tqvenc CadeTo.
meCeTis mSeneblobaze, Tavad Suamavlis CaTvliT, yvela
sahabe SeuCereblad da gulmodgined muSaobda.. sayvareli
Suamavali madlmosili zurgiT qvebsa da agurebs ezideboda. qvebiT saZirkveli metrnaxevriT aamaRles da zemodan
aguriT Sekres. erTxelac, allahis sayvareli Suamavali
zurgiT agurs ezideboda, eshabTagan erT-erTi masTan mivida da didi mokrZalebiT Txova: `allahis Suamavalo, neba
momeciT aguri me vzido~. sayvarelma muhammed Suamavalma
ufro meti TavazianobiT miugo: `me ufro meti madlis mogeba mWirdeba,~ da aguri ar misca.
mesjidi nebevis (Suamavalis meCeTis) aSenebaSi yvelaze
meti wvlili Tavad Suamavalma Seitana. is, yvelaze mZime
qvebs aiRebda da ostatebTan mihqonda. am qvebisa da agurebis zidvis sanacvlod RvTiuri wyalobis molodini eshabs
Sromis xaliss matebda.
sayvareli Suamavlis mxridan gamoCenili am didi Zalisxmevis Semyure muslimanebi, udidesi siyvaruliTa da mondomebiT Sromobdnen. ufro metic, maSin roca yvela TiTo
agurs ezideboda, ammar bi iaseri erTs Suamavlis nacvlad,
meores ki sakuTari TavisTvis, sul, or agurs ezideboda. es
rom wminda Suamavalma SeniSna ammarTan mivida zurgze xeli
gadausva da uTxra: `sumeiies Svilo ammar! Sen ori, xolo sxva
danarCenebs TiTo madli ewerebaT~. meCeTis kedlebis amoyvana mokle xanSi dasrulda. meCeTs SumavlisTvis agurisgan
aSenebuli ori oTaxi miuerTes. Semdeg orive finikis xurmis
xeebiTa da totebiT gadaxures. (es ori oTaxi SemdgomSi 9
oTaxamde gaizarda) meCeTis mSeneblobis dasrulebis Semdeg
sayvareli Suamavali Zvirfasi halid bin zeidis saxlidan
Tavis oTaxebSi gadabargda.
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j
xurmis xis kvnesa
sayvareli Suamavali yovel juma dRes meCeTSi, hannanes
saxeliT wodebul, xurmis xes mieyrdnoboda da huTbes (qadagebda) kiTxulobda. SemdgomSi sam safexuriani minberi
gaakeTebina. allahis sayvareli Suamavali da eshabi erT
juma dRes meCeTSi Sekrebiliyvnen. rodesac Suamavali, qadagebis wasakiTxad axladgakeTebul minberze unda asuliyo
am dros, xmeli xurmis xis kunZma, romelsac Suamavali minberis gakeTebamde eyrdnoboda, yvelas gasagonad, tirili
da kvnesa daiwyo. yvela sahabe qiramma am xmas gaocebuli
usmenda. xma ar wydeboda. amis gamo kacobriobis siamaye minberidan CamobrZanda kunZTan mivida da rogorc ki moefera,
tirilisa da kvenesis xma maSinve Sewyda. xmeli kunZis mier
wminda Suamavalis mimarT gamoxatuli siyvarulis mnaxvelma
sahabeebma cremlebi ver Seikaves.
am movlenis Sesaxeb Zvirfasi enes bin maliqi gadmogvcems:
`mis xmaze meCeTic ki Seirya~.
sayvareli Suamavali gadmogvcems: `yovlisSemZle uzenaes
allahs vficav, mas rom ar movfereboda, Cemi natvrisa da CemTan ganSorebis gamo warRvnamde itirebda~. Semdeg, allahis
Suamavalis brZanebiT, kunZi damarxes.
sxva gadmocemis Tanaxmad, allahis Suamavali xurmis xisken mibrunebula da uTqvams: `Tu isurveb, sadac adre yvaodi
im baRSi dagabruneb, xelaxla totebsa da foTols Seisxam. Tu
ginda samoTxeSi dagrgav da uzenaesi allahis megobrebi Sen
nayofs SeWamen~. xurmis xis kunZma Semdegi sityvebi warmoTqva; `samoTxeSi damrge, iq sadac arasodes ar davlpebi da
arasodes davberdebi, allahis megobrebma Cemi nayofi miirTvan~. kunZis es sityvebi yvela Suamavlis gverdiT myofma
gaigona. Suamavalma kunZa uTxra: `ise moviqcevi, rogorc Sen
gsurs~ Semdeg eshabs moubrunda da mimarTa: `man (kunZma) am
qveyanas maradiuli saiqio arCia.~
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Suqmofenili medinas xana
o
wminda aiSeze daqorwineba
rodesac, sayvareli muhammed Suamavali da Zvirfasi ebu
beqri medinaSi, emigraciaSi wavidnen, Svilebi meqqaSi datoves. imami buharis mier gadmocemul wminda hadisSi Zvirfasi aiSe ase mogviTxrobs: `allahis Suamavalma miTxra: `aiSe,
orjer sizmrad gnaxe, mwvane abreSumis qsovilis naWerze Seni
suraTi roca davinaxe, miTxres, es Seni momavali meuRleao~.
am ambis Semdeg sayvareli Suamavali da aiSeze dainiSna. magram qorwineba maSinve ar Semdgara. amis Sesaxeb Zvirfasi
aiSe ase mogiTxrobs:
`roca allahis Suamavali medinaSi, emigraciaSi wavida,
Cven da Tavisi qaliSvilebi meqqaSi dagvtova. man medinaSi CabrZanebis Semdeg, monobisgan gaTavisuflebuli zeid
bin harise da ebu rafi’i aucilebeli nivTebis sayideli 500
dirhemiTa da ori aqlemiT gamogvigzavna. mamam, ebu beqrma
ki abdullah bin ureiqiTi ori an sami aqlemiT maT gamoayola, raTa dedaCemi, me da Cemi da aqlemebze SevesviT da medinaSi waveyvaneT. me, dedaCemi, ummu ruumani da sayvareli
Suamavlis qaliSvili Zvirfasi zeinebi, yvela erTad, wamovediT. rodesac qubeidSi mivediT, zeidma 500 dirhemiT sami
aqlemi kidev iyida. Cvens qaravans Talha bin ubeidullahic
SemourTda.rodesac minas mivaRwieT Cemi aqlemi gaiqca, me
masze vijeqi dedaCemic Cems gverdiT iyo. igi SeSfoTebuli
yviroda: `vaime Cemo Svilo, vaime dedofalo!~. bolos uzenaesi allahis nebiT aqlemi gaCerda da gadavrCiT. rogorc
iqna medinaSi mivediT. me mamaCemis ojaxis wevrebTan erTad aqlemidan Camovedi, xolo Suamavlis ojaxis wevrebi ki
TavianT saxlTan CamoqveiTdnen~. Zvirfasma aiSem ramdenime
xani mamamisis saxlSi icxovra. erT dRes keTilSobilma ebu
beqrma allahis wminda Suamavals hkiTxa: `daniSnulze daqorwinebaSi xels ra giSlis?~ Suamavalma upasuxa, mihrio.
rodesac keTilSobilma ebu beqrma es gaigo, Suamavals mehiris fuli asesxa.
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
amis Semdeg allahis Suamavlisa da aiSes qorwineba Sesdga. maSin sayvareli Suamavali 55 wlis iyo. muslimTa dedad wodebuli aiSe Zalian niWieri, gonebamaxvili adamiani
iyo, mas SeeZlo wminda hadisebi mxatvrulad waekiTxa. is,
rasac iswavlida, araviTar SemTxvevaSi daaviwydeboda. igi
Zalian Wkviani, niWieri swavluli, Tavaziani da umwikvlo
iyo. vinaidan Zalian kargi mexsiereba hqonda, amitom eshabi
qirami bevr rames mas ekiTxebodnen da misgan swavlobdnen.
muslimTa deda Zvirfasi aiSe wminda aiaTebSia Seqebuli da
gandidebuli.
ezani
rodesac mesjidi nebevis (Suamavlis meCeTis) mSnebloba
dasrulda, ar arsebobda raime meTodi, romlis meSveobiTac namazis drois dadgomasTan erTad muslimanebis meCeTSi
moxmoba iqneboda SesaZlebeli. am dros mxolod `esselaTu
jami’a~ iTqmeboda.
erT dRes, roca allahis sayvareli Suamavali eshabTan
erTad morwmuneebis meCeTSi, namazze moxmobis sakiTxs ganixilavda, yvelas hkiTxa, Tu rogor SeiZleboda am sakiTxis
mogvareba. zogma namazze moxmobis meTodad, qristianebis
msgavsad, zarebis rekva daasaxela. nawilma iudevelebis msgavsad sayviris gamoyeneba, xolo nawilma namazis drois gasagebad, cecxlis danTeba amjobina. allahis sayvarelma
Suamavalma arcerTi winadadeba ar moiwona.
abdullah bin zeid bin sa’lebem da keTilSobilma omarma sizmrad ezanis kiTxva ixiles. amis Semdge abdullah bin
zeidi wminda SuamavalTan mivida da sizmari mouyva.
`sizmrad viRac kaci vixile, mwvane mosasxami ecva da winsafari hqonda moxveuli, xelT ki zari ekava. vuTxari: `SegiZlia eg zari momyido?~ rad gindao, mkiTxa. roca vupasuxe,
namazis dros davrekav zarebs da morwmuneebs namazis locvisken movuwodeb-meTqi, miTxra: me Sen ukeTes rames gaswav206 lio, Semdeg yiblisken mitrialda da xmamaRali xmiT Semdegi
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Suqmofenili medinas xana
o
sityvebi warmoTqva: `allahu eqber, allahu eqber…, allahi
udidesia allahi udidesia… d.a.S.~ roca kiTxva daasrula,
namazis locvis win `yed yaameTi sselaTu” winadadebis damateba mibrZana.
sizmris moyola rom davamTavre, allahis Suamavalma
miTxra: `sizmarSi Tqven mier nanaxi WeSmaritebaa, es sityvebi
bilals aswavleT, man ikiTxos!~
Zvirfasi bilali wminda meCeTis axlos, saxlis saxuravze
avida da pirveli ezani ikiTxa.
rodesac keTilSobilma omarma eznis xma gaigona, maSinve allahis SuamavalTan sirbiliT mivida da acnoba, rom
Zvirfasi bilalis mier wakiTxuli sityvebi TviTonac ixila
sizmrad. im Rames eshabi qiramTagan ramdenimem analogiuri
sizmari ixila. amasTan erTad wminda Suamavls, sura `jumas~
s me-9 aiaTi zeSTaegona da eznis Sesaxeb ecnoba.
erT dRes, bilali habeSma dilis locvis dros sayvareli
Suamavlis karis win sityvebi, `es’selaTu xairun minennevm~
(`namazi Zilze ufro xeiriania~) orjer gaimeora. wminda
Suamavals es moewona da bilals uTxra; `bilal, es ra lamazi
sityvebia, roca dilis ezans ikiTxav, es sityvebic gaimeore.~
amgvarad, dilis ezans kiTxvisas es sityvebic daemata.
Suamavlis gardacvalebamde ezans yovelTvis bilali habeSi kiTxulobda. bilals boxi, lamazi da STambeWdavi xma
hqonda. roca is eznis kiTxvas daiwyebda, yvela didi siyvaruliT usmenda. misi wakiTxuli ezani yvelas atirebda.
namazis dros, eshabi qiramis mier erTmaneTis meCeTSi moxmoba, medinel warmarTebsa da iudevelebs Zalian ucnaurad
moCvenebiaT. roca eznis xmas gaigebdnen maT dascinodnen da
amiT erTobodnen. maTi aseTi gamasxaravebis Sesaxeb uzenaesma allahi wminda yuranSi brZanebs; `roca maT, namazze ezaniT mouwodebT, amiT gaerTobian da sasacilod ar eyofaT. es
ki, maTi ugunurobisa da Wkuasustobisgan gamomdinareobs~.1
1. sura maide, aiaTi 58.
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eshabi qiramis swavla-ganaTleba
wminda Suamavali, eshabis srulyofili swavla-ganaTlebisaTvis mesjidi nebiSi araCveulebriv saubrebs marTavda.
igi uzenaes allahisgan, misTvis boZebul madlis wyalobiT,
eshabis gulebs RvTisnierebiT mosavda. allahis sayvareli
Suamavlis saubrebze daswrebis pativiT amaRlebulni, pirvelive aseT saubris mosmeniT sakuTar gulebSi did cvlilebas grZnobdnen da diadi RvTiuri SemecnebiT jildovdebodnen. am ulamazesi, Seudarebeli saubrebis madliT
eshabi qiramma, pirvel rigSi, sayvareli Suamavali, Semdeg ki
erTmaneTi sakuTar Tavze ufro metad Seiyvares. isini sayvarel Suamavals iseTi mokrZalebiTa da Tavazianad usmendnen, rom TiTqos, Tavze Citi ejdaT da Tuki gainZreodnen
igi gafrindeboda. amrigad eshabi qiramma Suamavlebisa da
mTavarangelozis Semdeg gaCenilTagan yvelaze didi upiratesoba daimsaxures.
sayvareli Suamavali wminda hadisSi eshabi qiramis didsulovnebasa da Rirsebas Semdegnairad gvacnobs; `Cems, eshabTagan arcerTi avad ar moixsenioT, ar TqvaT iseTi ram, rac
maT brwyinvalebas ar SeSvenis, yovlisSemZle uzenaes allahs
vficav, romelime TqvenTaganma uhudis mTis odena wyalobac
rom gasces, eshabTagan erTis mogebuli madlis namcecsac ki
ver Seedreba. Cemi eshabi cis varskvlavT gavs, romelTac Tu
mihyvebiT, gadarCebiT~.
eshabi suffe
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sayvarel Suamavalma, mesjidi nebiis CrdiloeTiT, kedelze xurmis totebiT saCrdilobeli gaakeTebina. Semdeg ganacxada, rom iq meqqadan emigrirebul, qonebis armqone da
dauqorwinebel axalgazrdebs unda ecxovraT. sahabeebi romelTa ricxvi 100-400 Soris meryeobda, allahis Suamavals
gverdidan ar Sordebodnen da mis tkbilmoubar saubarebs
yovelTvis gulmodgined usmendnen. dRedaRame mudam wminda
Suqmofenili medinas xana
o
yurans kiTxulobdnen da swavla-ganaTlebas iRebdnen. wminda hadisebs izepirebdnen, umetes dReebs marxulobdnen da
RvTismosaobiTa da RvTismasaxurebiT iyvnen dakavebuli.
aq miRebuli codnis Semdeg, axlad gamuslimanebul tomebTan midiodnen, maT wminda yuranis kiTxvasa da sunneTs, anu
islamis rwmenas aswavlidnen. saTnoebis mqone madlmosili
sahabeebi udidesi codnis zRvas Seadgendnen. Suamavals isini Zalian uyvarda. maTTan dajdeboda, esaubreboda da maTTan erTad saWmels miirTmevda. maT, romlebic iq CadrSi
cxovrobdnen, ewodaT `eshabi suffe~ ewodaT.
erT dRes allahis Suamavalma eshabi suffes Sexeda da
dainaxa, rom isini Zalian Raribulad cxovrobdnen, magram,
miuxedavad amisa, mainc mSvidi da brwyinvale guliT allahis samsaxurSi iyvnen. allahis Suamavals isini Seecoda da
Semdegi sasixarulo ambavi amcno: `suffes eshabo, gaixareT!
Cemi ummeTisgan isini, romlebic msgavsi Zneli pirobebis miuxedavad, Tavisi mdgomareobis gamo mainc kmayofilebas gamoxataven, ueWvelad Cemi megobrebi arian~.
allahis sayvareli wminda muhammed Suamavali, pirvel
rigSi, am rCeul eshabTa aucilebel moTxovnilebebs uzrunvelhyofda, xolo Semdeg ki ehli beiTis (sakuTari ojaxis
wevrebis) sawiroebebs akmayofilebda. ebu hureire mogviTxrobs: `uzenaes allahs vficav, rom, bevrjer SimSilisgan
muceli mtkioda, zogjer qvasac vimagrebdi, erT dResac
aseT mdgomareobaSi gzis piras vijeqi, sadac allahis Suamavals unda gaevlo. am dros samyaros wyalobad movlenili
ori qveynis sxivi sayvareli muhammed Suamavali CemTan movida. mixvda, Tu ra mdgomareobaSic viyavi, gamiRima da miTxra: `eba hureire!~ `brZaneT allahis Suamavalo!~_ mivuge
me. man miTxra, CemTan erTad wamodio da maSinve ukan gavyevi, saxlSi Sevida, erTi Wiqa rZe gamoitana da miTxra: `aba,
wadi da ehli suffes uTxari, CemTan movidnen!~ maT dasaZaxeblad rom mivdiodi, CemTvis vfiqrobdi, suffes mTel xalxs
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erTi Wiqa rZe rogor eyofoda. me, albaT, erTi yulupic
ki ar Semxvdeboda~. maT davuZaxe, Suamavlis saxlTan mivediT, neba viTxoveT, saxlSi SevediT da Sesabamis adgilebze davsxediT. allahis Suamavlma miTxra; `eba hureire! aiRe
rZiT savse Wiqa da daalevine yvelas!~ mec aviRe rZis Wiqa da
yvelas rigrigobiT vaZlevdi., Wiqas martmevdnen, bolomde
svamdnen da ukan maZlevdnen, magram Wiqa yovelTvis rZiT
savse mibrundeboda. amrigad rZe yvela mobrZanebul megobars davalevine. Semdeg allahis Suamavalma Wiqa gamomarTva, gamiRima da miTxra: `ebu hureire! rZe mxolod me da Sen ar
dagvilevia, midi dajeqi da Senc dalie!~ mec davjeqi da davlie. kidev dalieo, miTxra, kidev davlie. ramodenimejer
gamimeora, mec yovel jerze davlie. bolos ukve sma aRar
SemeZlo. `Cemi sicocxle genacvalos allahis Suamavalo,
aRar minda, ver davlev, allahs vficav, davnayrdi~. `maSin
Wiqa axla me momawode!~ _ miTxra. mivawode, uzenaesi allahis
qeba-didebis Semdege RmerTis saxeli axsena da rZe dalia”.
swavlas mowyurebuli medinel sahabeebs allahis Suamavlis erT saubaric ki ar gamoutovebiaT, amitomac wminda muhammedi maT mimarT did siyvaruls grZnobda. erT saRamos,
SimSilisgan Zalagamoleuli sahabe sayvarel SuamavlTan mivida da Tavisi mdgomareoba gaacno. wminda Suamavalma Tavisi ojaxis wevrebs hkiTxa, hqondaT Tu ara saxlSi SeWamandi.
maTgan uaryofiTi pasuxi miiRo, saxlSi wylis garda araferi gaaCndaT. allahis Suamavalma iq myof sahabeebs hkiTxa:
`vis SeuZlia, amaRam es mSieri adamiani daanyros?~ sahabeTagan
erT-erTma yvelas daaswro da Tqva; `ded-mama genacvalos
allahis Suamavalo! me waviyvan da me davanayereb~.
sahabe stumarTan erTad saxlSi mivida da meuRles, sTxova, rom mas allahis Suamavlis stumris dasapureblad rame
moemzadebina. meuRlem upasuxa: `amJamad, saxlSi, bavSvebis
saWmlis garda, araferi gvabadia~ maspinZelma sahabem meuRles uTxra, jer bavSvebi daaZine, Semdeg ki eg SeWamandi Se210 moitaneo. saWmeli, romelic mxolod erT kacs daapurebda,
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Suqmofenili medinas xana
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aiRo, stumris oTaxSi Seitana, sufra gaSala da stumari
saWmelze dapatiJa. Wama erTad daiwyes, magram Semdeg maspinZelma sahabem, viTom lampas vasworebo adga da is Caaqro. Semdeg sibneleSi xelmeored sufras miujda da ise
iqceoda, TiTqos, TviTonac miirTmevda. bolos roca stumari danayrda, sufra aRes. is Rame maspinZlebma bavSvebTan
erTad mSivrebma gaaTenes. diliT, roca allahis Suamavlis winaSe warsdgnen Suamavalma maspinZel sahabes uTxra;
`uzenaes allahi, wuxandeli Tqveni qceviT kmayofili gaxda~.
am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT uzenaesma allahma sura `haSiris~
me-9 aiaTi gardmoavlina; `isini (ensarebi) Tavad siRaribesa
da gaWirvebaSic rom iyvnen, (muhajirebs) sakuTari Tavze win
daayeneben.~
jibrilis hadisi
allahis Suamavali, eshabs islamis brZanebebsa da akrZalvebs, maT Soris rwmenisa da islamis pirobebs, namazis, marxvis, hajobisa da zeqaTis kanonebs, wminda aiaTebis ganmartebebs (Tefsirs) alal da haram (nebadarTul da akrZalul)
saWmelebs, Casacmelebs, ficisa da zvarakis gamosasyids, yidva-gayidvis, Wama-smis, Cacmulobis, molaparakebis, saubrisa
da misalmebis wesebs, mezobloblur, naTesaur da megobrul
urTierTobebs, qorwinebis, alimentisa da memkvidreobis kanonebs. saCivris, sasjelis, SeTanxmebisa da partniorobis
Sesaxeb, higienas, mtris winaaRmdeg Setakebisa da brZolis
kanonebis msgavs yvela sakiTxsdawvrilebiT uxsnida da aswavlida. islamis rjuls, yvelas gasageb enaze ganmartavda..
Znelad gasageb sakiTxebs samjer imeorebda. qalebisTvis
gankuTvnil Temebs ki madlmosili meuRleebis saSualebiT
aswavlida.
muslimebis mamaci imami, yovelTvis simarTlis mTqmelad
cnobili da sayvareli, omer bin hattabi mogviTxrobs;
`erT dRes sahabeTagan ramdenime allahis sayvareli Sua-
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mavlis samsaxurSi viyaviT. is dRe da is periodi Zalian didebuli da Zvirfasi iyo. im dRes allahis Suamavlis saubris
mosmenis, masTan erTad yofnis, siamovnebisa da sixarulis
momgvreli misi lamazi saxis naxva mergo wilad. gana SesaZlebelia, iseTi bednieri da Zvirfasi dRis naxva? roca angelozi jibrili adamianis formaSi davinaxe, misi xma gavigone,
adamianebisTvis aucilebeli codnis Sesaxeb ganmartebebi,
sakmaod lamazad da mkafiod, allahis sayvareli Suamavlis
piridan movismine.
im dRes mTvaris SuqiviT lamazi vinme movida CvenTan. mas
tansacmeli qaTqaTa TeTri, Tmebi ki Savi hqonda. am adamians namgzavris aranairi niSani etyoboda.is sahabeTagan vercerTma vicaniT anu arcerT CvenTagans gvyavda nanaxi. idi
sayvareli Suamavlis win dajda da muxlebi erTmaneTs miado ( es pirovneba angelozi jibrili iyo, romelic adamianis formaSi gveaxla. misi ase dajdoma mniSvnelovan rames
migvaniSnebda vinaidan, religiuri codnis misaRebad, vinmes
Sercxvena mizanSewonili ar aris, garda amisa migvaniSnebs
imaze, rom swavluls ar SeSvenis siamaye da qedmaRloba. yvelam moridebis gareSe Tavisuflad unda Seiswavlos is, rac
religiis SemecnebisTvis aris saWiro angeloz jebrailis
adamianis formaSi gamocxadeba sworedac amaze migviTiTebs.
vinaidan religiis SeswavlaSi sircxvili, uzenaesi allahis
winaSe movaleobebis Sesrulebis, swavlasa da swavlebaSi morideba ara sworia).
am Zvirfasma pirovnebam Tavis xelebi ukeTilSobiles Suamavals madlmosil muxlebze daado da Txova: `allahis Suamavalo, amixseni islami!~
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ukeTilSobilesma Suamavalma brZana: `islamis pirobaTagan upirvelesi qelimei SehadeTis warmoTqmaa~, e.i. (eShedu
en la ilahe illallah ve eShedu enne muhammeden abduhu
ve resuluh) anu, Wkvianma srulwlovanma da laparakis unaris mqone adamianma eniT unda warmoTqvas da guliT mt-
Suqmofenili medinas xana
o
kiced daijeros, rom aravin da araferi arsebobs casa da
dedamiwaze Tayvaniscemis Rirsi, garda uzenaesi allahisa.
is vajibul vujudia (aucilebeli arseba-RmerTis epiTeti)
yovelgvari upiratesoba mas ekuTvnis, aranairi nakli ar
gaaCnia, misi saxeli allahia. garda amisa unda warmoTqvas
da daijeros, rom arabeTSi, meqqaSi movlenili haSimis modgmis abdullahis Svili, saxelad muhammedi, allahis msaxuri
da Suamavlia.
`islamis aseve namazis locva, zeqaTis gacema, ramazanis
Tvis yoveli dRis marxvaSi gatareba, visac Zala Seswevs sicocxleSi erTxel hajobis Sesrulebaa~. es pasuxebi rom moismina, stumarma allahis Suamavals uTxra: “marTals brZaneb allahis Suamavalo!” msmenelebi ki gaocebulni davrCiT.
radgan is Tan kiTxvas uvamda da Tan emowmeboda.
garda amisa im pirovnebam allahis Suamavals hkiTxa: `amixseni, ra aris rwmena (imani)!~ (am wminda hadisSi sityva `rwmenis~
leqsikuri mniSvneloba ar igulisxmeba. vinaidan umecrebis
xanaSi arab xalxs Soris am sityvis leqsikuri mniSvnelobis
armcodne ar arsebobda. yvelam icoda rom rwmena anu imani
damowmebas da dajerebas niSnavda. am SemTxvevaSi gamoricxulia is, rom sahabeebs sityva “imanis” anu rwmenis mniSvneloba ar codnodaT. aq angeloz jibrils undoda, rom muslimanebisTvis eswavlebina, Tu raSi mdgomareobda rwmena.
anu islamSi rwmenaze ra miuTiTebda. allahis sayvarelma
Suamavalma rwmenis eqvsi piroba Semdegnairad ganmarta;
`es aris dajereba uzenaesi allahis, angelozebis, wminda
wignebis, yvela Suamavlis, gankiTxvis dRis, bedisweris, sikeTisa da sicudis allahisgan momdinareobis~. stumarma allahis Suamavals uTxra, marTals brZanebo da daemowma, Semdeg
hkiTxa: `amixseni ras niSnavs wyaloba, madli?~ allahis Suamavalma upasuxa: `es uzenaes allahze iseTi msaxurebaa, roca
TiTqos mas xedav. radgan ramdenadac Sen mas ver xedav, imdenad
is Sen yovelTvis gxedavs~. stumris Semdegi kiTxva warRvnas
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
Seexeboda. Suamavalma mas miugo: `am sakiTxis Sesaxeb mkiTxvelma pasuxis mimcemze ufro meti icis~. amis Semdeg is pirovneba adga da wavida.
Semdeg allahis Suamavali momibrunda da mkiTxa: `omar!
ici, vin iyo is pirovneba kiTxvebs rom misvamda?~ _ `uzenaesma allahma da misma Suamavalma ukeT ician~ _ vupasuxe me.
maSin Suamavalma miTxra; `is angelozi (jibrili) jibrili
iyo. TqvenTvis rwmenis saswavleblad movida~.
allahis Suamavali yvela eshabs mis gasageb enaze uxsnida.
eshabi qiramTagan keTilSobilma omarma, erT dRes, rodesac
Suamavalsa da ebu beqiris gverdiT Cauara, maT saubars mohkra yuri. maTTan axlos mivida da mousmina. isini sxvebmac
dainaxes, magram axlos misvlisa da mosmenis moeridaT. meore
dRes, roca keTilSobili omari naxes, hkiTxes; `omar, davinaxeT, guSin allahis Suamavali raRacas gixsnidaT. mogviyevi, Cvenc rames viswavliT. vinaidan allahis Suamavali yovelTvis branebs, rom Cemgan rasac moismenT sulier Zmebsac
gauziareT, erTmaneTs auxseniTo, Zvirfasma omarma upasuxa:
`guSin keTilSobilma ebu beqirma sayvarel Suamavals misTvis gaugebari, wminda yuranis erT-erTi aiaTis mniSvneloba hkiTxa da isic swored am aiaTs unmartavda. erTi saaTi
vusmendi,magram veraferi gavige, vinaidan keTilSobil ebu
beqrs maRal doneze uxsnida~. Zvirfasi omaris Sesaxeb Suamavali ambobs: `me yvelaze bolo Suamavali var. Cem Semdeg Suamavali aRar moevlineba. Cems Semdeg rom Suamavali mosuliyo,
is uTuod omari iqneboda~. amdenad maRali donis, arabuli
enis kargad mcodnemac ki, roca Suamavali ebu beqrs wminda
yuranis Tefsirs (aieTebis ganmarteba komentireba) uxsnida
ver gaigo. ebu beqirs wminda yuranis gagebis done omarze ufro maRali hqonda. ufro metic, angelozi jibraili
wminda yuranis mniSvnelobas, ganmartebasa da saidumloebas
sayvarel Suamavals ekiTxeboda. allahis Suamavalma yuranis sruli ganmarteba-Tefsiri sahabeebs auxsna. sayvareli
214 Suamavali eshabebs islams uxsnida, saCivrebs ganixilada,
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Suqmofenili medinas xana
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mowmeebis usmenda, yvelaze Znelad gasagebi saCivrebis ganaCenic ki gamohqonda.
selmani farisis mier islamis miReba
rac ufro dro gadioda, islamis sxivi miT ufro vrceldeboda, sayvareli allahis Suamavlis saxelma adamianTa gulebSi adgilis dakaveba daiwyo. swavlulebi, romlebic mis
mobrZanebas natrobdnen, roca misi medinaSi mosvlis Sesaxeb
gaiges, modiodnen da islamis rwmenis miRebiT bednierebas
hpovebdnen. amaTgan erT-erTi Zvirfasi selmani farisia. igi
Tavisi gamuslimanebis Sesaxeb ase mogviTxrobs:
`me sparseTis qalaq isfahanis sofel jeiSidan var. mamaCemi sofelSi yvelaze mdidari iyo. Zalian bevri miwa-wyali
da qoneba hqonda. mamis erTaderTi da sayvareli Svili viyavi. amitomac me gogosaviT mzrdida da saxlidan gareT
gasvlis nebas ar maZlevda. mamaCemi cecxlTayvanismcemeli
iyo, amitomac es religia unaklod Semaswavla. Cvens ojaxSi
gamudmebiT cecxli enTo, Cven ki mas TayvaniscemiT qeds
vuxridiT. erT dResac mamam gareT wamiyvana da simdidre
da qoneba maCvena. man miTxra: `Svilo, roca me movkvdebi, am
simdidris mepatrone Sen gaxdebi. amitomac wadi da daaTvaliere Cveni miwa-wyali da simdidreebi~. mec wavedi da baRvenaxebi daTvaliere.
erT dResac roca yanebis mosavlelad wavedi, eklesia davinaxe. qristianebis locvis xma momesma. rodesac mivuaxlovdi, davinaxe,rom RvTismsaxurebiT iyvnen dakavebulni.
me manamde msgavi ram ar mqonda nanaxi. gavvocdi, vinaidan
Cveni RvTismsaxureba mxolod da mxolod cecxlis danTeba
da masze qedis moxra iyo. isini ki uxilav RvTaebaze loculobdnen. CemTvis Cavilaparake, vficav, amaTi rwmena WeSmaritia, Cveni ki mcdaria. saRamomde maT didi interesiT vuyurebdi. ukve Ramdeboda, roca maT vkiTxe. `es rwmena saidan
momdinareobs?” mipasuxes, damaskodan momdinareobso. vkiT-
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xe damskoSi rom wavide mimiReben-meTqi. mipasuxes, diax, ra
Tqma unda, migiRebeno. vikiTxe, axlo momavalSi Tqven Soris
damaskoSi wamsvleli aris vinme-meTqi. miTxres, iq ramdenime
xanSi qaravani unda wavideso. visac vesaubrebodi isini Cven
sofelSi mosuli damaskoelebi iyvnen.
maTTan saubarSi saxlSi misvla damagvianda. mamam, roca
dainaxa, rom saxlSi ar mivdiodi, Cemi Zebna daiwyo da kaci
gamoagzavna. bevri meZebes, magram versad mipoves. saxlSi
roca davbrundi, isini SeSfoTebuli iyvnen da Cem gamo nerviulobdnen. mamam maSinve mkiTxa: `Svilo sad iyavi amden
xans? yvelgan geZebeT da ver gipoveT.~ me vupasuxe; `mamiko,
dRes yanebis mosavlelad viyavi gasuli, gzad qristianuli
eklesia davinaxe, Sevedi SigniT da davinaxe, rom uxilav da
yovlisSemZle RmerTs emsaxurebodnen. gancvifrebuli davrCi maTi RvTismsaxurebiT. saRamomde maT vuyurebdi, maTi
rwmenis WeSmaritebaSi davrwmundi~. mamaCemma es rom gaigo
miTxra: `Svilo,cdebi, Seni mamebisa da winaprebis rjuli
WeSmaritia maTi ki- mcdari. frTxilad iyavi, ar Secde da am
religiis ar irwmuno!~ me vuTxari: `ara mamiko, maTi rjuli
Cvensaze ufro kargi da WeSmaritia~, mamaCemi Cemma sityvebma
Zalian gaabraza, xel-fexi Semikra da saxlSi Camketa.
aseT mdgomareobaSi myofi damaskoSi wamsvlel qaravans
mouTmenlad velodebodi. bolos, rogorc iqna, gavige rom
qristiani berebis qaravani damaskoSi wasasvlelad emzadeboda. movaxerxe Tokebis gaxsna da im eklesiisken gaviqeci, saidanac qaravani unda gasuliyo. avuxseni, rom aRar
SemeZlo iq gaCereba da maTgavyevi. damaskoSi qristianobis
yvelaze kargi mcodnemovikiTxe. erT-erTi pirovneba mimaswavles. masTan mivedi da Cemi mdgomareoba movuyevi. vTxove,
rom masTan davrCeniliyavi, movmsaxurebodi, Semeswavla qristianuli rwmena da mecno uzenaesi RmerTi. uari ar miTxra
da Tavistan damtova. im dRidan mis samsaxurSi Cavdeqi da
eklesiis saqmeebs vakeTebdi. is ki sanacvlod qristianobas
216 maswavlida.
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Suqmofenili medinas xana
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magram bolos gavige, rom is cudi vinme iyo, radgan qristianebis mier RaribebisTvis motanil mowyalebebs, oqrovercxls malavda da gaWirvebulebs ar urigebda. aseTu arapatiosani gziT zustad Svidi qila oqro-vercxli Seagrova.
amis Sesaxeb, Cem garda aravin icoda. roca gardaicvala da
qristianebi mis gasasveneblad movidnen, maT vuTxari:`amas
amden pativs ratom scemT? is pativiscemis Rirsi adamiani
ar aris!”. ar damijeres da miTxres, Sen yvelafers igonebo.
maSin maT gardacvlilis mier mogrovebuli, oqro-vecxlis
adgili vaCvene. roca Svidi qila oqro vercxli ipoves maTac Tqves es gasvenebis Rirsi ar ariso, waiyvanes erT xramSi Caagdes da zevidan qvebi daayares. Semdeg mis adgilas
sxva movida.
es axlad mosuli pirovneba marTlac codnis patroni
iyo da am qveyanas did mniSvnelobas ar aniWebda. mudam saiqiosTvis zrunavda, dRe da Rame RvTismsaxurebiT iyo dakavebuli. is Zalian Semiyvarda da didi xnis ganmavlobaSi
masTan davrCi. siamovnebiT vemsaxurebodi da erTad vloculobdiT.
erT dRes vkiTxe: `batono Cemo! didi xania TqvenTan erTad var da Zalian SemiyvardiT. radgan RmerTis brZanebebs
emorCilebiT, xolo akrZaluls ki ganeridebiT. roca gardaicvlebiT, ra gavakeTo, ras mirCevdiT?~ man mipasuxa;
Svilo damaskoSi aravin darCa iseTi, vinc xalxs gamoasworebs, visTanac unda mixvide wagaxdens. magram musulSi erTi
adamiania, girCev masTan waxvide.
roca gardaicvala musulSi gadavedi. vnaxe is pirovneba,
vinc mirCia. movuyevi Cemi Tavgadasavali da mimiRo Tavis
samsaxurSi. is Zalian Zvirfasi vinme iyo, sul loculobda,
ramodenime xani masTan davrCi. gardacvalebis win masac analogiuri kiTxva davusvi. man qalaq romSi mcxovrebi amurie
mimaswavla. misi gardacvalebis Semdeg wavedi da is pirovneba vnaxe, manac mimiRo Tavis samsaxurSi, iqac ramdenime weli
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davrCi.
isic moxucda, sikvdilis Jams, roca vTxove, rom vinmesTan gavegzavne, ase mipasuxa: `vficav, ar vici iseTi vinme
magram bolo Suamavlis movlenis dro moaxlovda. is arabi xalxidan iqneba, Tavis samSoblodan emigraciaSi wava da
xurmiT savse da qvaRorRian qalaqSi binas daidebs. saCuqerebs miiRebs magram wyalobas ar miiRebs. mxrebs Soris
Suamavlobis beWedi eqneba~. roca es pirovneba gardaicvala,
gaviTvaliswine misi rCeva da gadavwyvite arabeTis saxelmwifoSi wavsuliyavi.
amurieSi cota vimuSave, ramdenime xarisa da cxvris patroni gavxdi. roca gavige, rombeni qelbis tomidan qaravani
arabeTSi midioda, mivedi vTxove, oRond TqvenTan erTad
arabeTSi wamiyvaneT, sanacvlod, es xarebi da cxvrebi Tqveni
iyos-meTqi. daeTanxmnen Cems SeTavazebas da maTTan erTad
gavemgzavre. `vadiul yuras~ rom mivaRwieT, miRalates da
iudevels monad mimyides. iq, sadac iudevels baRi hqonda,
xurmis xeebi davinaxe, vifiqre bolo Suamavlis emigraciis
qalaqi, rogorc Cans, es unda iyos-meTqi, magram qalaqs veranairad SeveCvie. ramdenime xnis Semdeg Cemma batonma Tavis
biZaSvils mimyida. man medinaSi wamiyvana, am qalaqSi Tavs
ise vgrZnobdi,TiTqos, aq adrec mecxovra, advilad SeveCvie.
iudevelis baRSi vmuSaobdi da mas vemsaxurebodi. magram
Cems ZiriTadi miznisken swrafvaSi moTmineba ar myofnida.
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erT dResac xurmis xeze asuli xils vkrefdi. batoni xis
ZirSi viRacas elaparakeboda. saubarSi yuri movkari: `moispos evsisa da hazrejis tomebi! meqqadan viRac qubaSi movida
da ambobs RmerTis Suamavali varo. am tomebmac daijeres da
mis iReben~. es sityvebi rom movismine TiTqos Tavbru damexva, maSinve xidan Zirs Camovedi da im kacs vkiTxe: `ras ambob,
ra xdeba?~ batonma miTxra: `Sen vin gekiTxeba, ratom kiTxulob? Sens saqmes mixede!~ da sila gamawna. roca daRamda
cotaodeni finikis xurma aviRe da qubaSi mivedi. allahis
Suqmofenili medinas xana
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sayvarel Suhammed Suamavlis winaSe warvsdeqi da vuTxari:
`Sen RvTismosavi xar, gverdiT bevri Raribi gyavs, amitomac
es xurma wyalobad mogitane.
allahis Suamavali iqve myof sahabeebs miubrunda da uTxra: `modiT xurma miirTviT!~ maT xurma miirTves, magram Tavad Suamavalma erTi calic ki ar SeWama. CemTvis gavifiqre:
`ai, es erT-erTi niSan-TvisebaTagania. wyalobas ar iRebs~
amis Semdeg cotaodeni xurma aviRe da isev SuamavalTan mivedi. vuTxari: `es xurma saCuqrad mogitaneT~ amjerad man
xurma sahabeebTan erTad miirTva. ukve meore niSan-Tvisebac
gamomJRavnda. amis Semdeg kidev erTxel mivedi SuamavalTan. isini micvalebuls asvenebdnen, mindoda mis mxrebs Soris Suamavalobis beWedi menaxa. amitom rac SemeZlo, mivaxlovdi. vfiqrob, allahma ismina Cemi survili, perangi aewia
da Suamavalobis beWedi davinaxe. maSinve mivedi, vakoce da
avtirdi. qelimei SehadeTi warmovTqvi da islami miviRe~.
selman farisi gamuslimanebis Semdeg, kidev ramdenime
xans, monobaSi darCa. rodesac sayvarel Suamavalma uTxra:
`monobisgan gaiTavisufle Tavi, selman!~ selmani batonTan
mivida da ganTavisufleba Txova. am Txovnis dakmayofileba iudevels Zalian gauWirda. `im pirobiT gagaTavisufleb
Tu samas Zir xurmis nergs dargav, mouvli, gazrdi da roca
nayofs gamoiRebs imis Semdeg kidev samoc oqros gadamixdi~. _ uTxra iudevelma Tavis monas.
selman farisma amis Sesaxeb sayvarel allahis Suamavals
acnoba. kacobriobis siamayem ki sahabeebs mouwoda: `Cvens
Zmas daexmareT!~ maTac misTvis samasi Ziri xurmis fidani
Seagroves. Suamavalma maT uTxra: `roca xurmis nergebs dasargavad moamzadebT, gamagebineT~. sahabeebi asec moiqcnen.
rodesac orive samyaros mze nergebis dasargav adgilze mivida, garda erTi Zirisa, yvela Tavisi madlmosili xelebiT
dargo. is erTi Ziri ki keTilSobilma omarma CauSva miwaSi. omaris dargulis garda, uzenaesi allahis nebiT yvela
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nergma im weliwads nayofi gamoiRo. allahis Suamavalma is
erTi Ziric amoiRo da TviTon dargo, nergma maSinve ixara
da nayofi gamoiRo.
selmani farisi mogviTxrobs: `erT dRes viRac meZebda da
meZaxda: `sad aris selmani faris muqaTTebi faqiri~ (monobisgan gasaTavisufleblad batonTan garkevuli angariSis
sanaclod SemaTanxmebeli). rodesac mipova, kvercxisodena
oqro gadmomca. gamovarTvi da sayvarel SuamavalTan mivedi.
allahis Suamavalma oqro ukan damibruna da miTxra:
`aiRe es oqro da vali gadaixade!~ _ wminda Suamavalo es oqro
iudevelis sasurveli raodenobis ar aris~ _ vuTxari me. man
oqro madlmosili xeliT aiRo, Semdeg isev gamomiwoda da
miTxra: `gamomarTvi oqro! allahis nebiT, es Sens vals gadaixdis~. Semdeg oqro isev avwone da imdeni aRmoCnda, ramdenic
Cem batons surda. mivutane da miveci. ase gavTavisufldi
monobisgan~. selmani farisi im dRis Semdeg eshabi suffes
SeuerTda.
angelozebi mosasmenad modiodnen
allahis sayvareli Suamavali wminda yurans ise lamazad,
tkbilad da STambeWdavad kiTxulobda, rom aramuslimani
msmenelebic ki gaocebuli rCebodnen. bevria misi mosmeniT
bevri adamiani gamuslimanda. Zvirfasi bera bin azibi mogviTxrobs: `Ziliswina namazis locvis dros allahis Suamavali `Tinis~ suras, imdenad lamazad kiTxulobda, rom masze
ukeTesi da SesaniSnavi xmiT wamkiTxveli aravin minaxavs~.
sahabeTagan bevri wminda yurans iseTi lamazi xmiT kiTxulobda, rom msmenels atirebdnen. maTgan erT-erTi useid bin
hudairi iyo. erT Rames cxeniTavisTan axlos daaba da `bayaras~ suras kiTxva daiwyo. kiTxvisas cxeni uecrad SekrTa.
rodesac useidi gaCumda, cxenic dawynarda. igive ganmeorda
220 ramdenjerme. useidis Svili, iahia cxenTan axlos iwva. us-
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eidi SeeSinda, cxens bavSvisTvis raime ziani ar mieyenebina
da kiTxvas Tavi daaneba. cisken rom aixeda, TeTri Rrublis
Crdilis msgavs nislSi lampariviT mbrwyinavi raRac SeamCnia. roca gaTenda allahis SuamavalTan mivida da RamiT
momxdaris Sesaxeb uambo. Suamavalma hkiTxa: `ici es ra iyo?~
useidma miugo: `ara, ar vici wminda Suamavalo~. Suamavalma uTxra: `isini angelozebi iyvnen. Seni xmis mosasmenad iynen
mosulni. kiTxva rom gagegrZelebina, dilamde mogismendnen
da maT adamianebic dainaxavdnen. isini xalxis Tvals ar miefarebodnen.~
wmida yuranis nazi xmiT mkiTxavTagan erT-erTi ebu beqr
siddiyic iyo. namazis Sesrulebisas kiTxvas rom iwyebda,
Tavs veRar ikavebda da Tvalebidan cremlebi sdioda. vinc
mas am mdgomareobaSi xedavda, yvela gaocebuli rCeboda.
erT dResac warmarTebi Sekrebiliyvnen da ambobdnen: `es
kaci Suamavlis motanils Zalian lamazi xmiT kiTxulobs da
tiris. vSiSobT, Cveni qalebi da bavSvebi amiT moixiblebian
da gamuslimandebian~.
sayvareli Suamavlis lamazi saxis naxviT, misi tkbilmoubari saubriTa, da mis mier wminda yuranis kiTxviT moxiblul
da Semdeg gamuslimanebul adamianTagan erT-erTi, Zvirfasi
abdullah bin selami iyo.
Torasa da saxarebis kargad mcodne, abdullah bin selami, sanam islams miiRebda, iudeveli swavluli iyo. Tavisi
gamuslimanebis Sesaxeb ase mogviTxrobs: `me Tora da misi
ganmartebebi mamaCemisgan viswavle. erT dRes, man bolo Suamavlis niSan-Tvisebebisa da mis mier gasakeTebeli saqmeebis
Sesaxeb miambo da miTxra: `Tu is harunis SvilTagani iqneba
misi mimdevari gavxdebi, Tu ara da ar gavyvebi~. mamaCemmi
allahis Suamavlis medinaSi mosvlamde gadaicvala.
rodesac gavige, rom allahis Suamavalma meqqaSi Tavisi
Suamavloba gamoacxada, maSin misi niSan-Tvisebebis, saxelisa
da Suamavlobis misiis Sesaxeb me ukve vicodi, amitomac mis
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molodinSi viyavi. es ambavi iudevelebisgan manamde davfare,
sanam ar gavige, rom allahis Suamavali medinasTan axlos,
qubaSi amir bin avfTan stumrad mividoda.
erTxelac, rodesac baRSi xurmis xidan jer kidev daumwifebel xils vkrefdi, nadiris SvilTagan erT-erTmama iyvira: `dRes arabebis kaci movida~. uceb kankalma amitana da
maSinve viyvire: `allahi udidesia~ am dros Cemi mamida halide binTi harisi, xis ZirSi ijda, is ukve Zalian moxuci qali
iyo. Cemgan allahis didebis xma rom gaigona, misayvedura:
`RmerTma usaqmurad dagtovos da sawadels ar gaRirsos.
vficav, musa bin imranis mosvlis Sesxeb rom gagego, amaze
ufro metad ar gagexardeboda~. _ `mamida, vficav, is musa
bin imranis Zma da misi msgavsi Suamavalia. mis gzaze dgas da
TevhidiT (erTi RmerTis rwmeniT) aris movlenili~.
amis Semdeg mamidam mkiTxa; `Cemo ZmisSvilo, is Suamavali
xom ar aris, mis movlenas warRvnis moaxloebisas rom velodebiT?~ kiTxvaze tanxmobiT vupasuxe. Tu egrea marTali
xaro, miTxra mamidam.
rodesac allahis Suamavali medinaSi gadmovida, maSinve
mis sanaxavad wavedi. misi madlmosili saxe davinaxe Tu ara
maSinve vTqvi: ara, SeuZlebelia es matyura iyos!~ is Sekrebil xalxs islams uxsnida da rCeva darigebebs aZlevda. misgan mosmenili pirveli wminda hadisi aseTia:
`erTmaneTis mimarT misalmeba gaaxSireT, mSivrebi daapureT, axlo naTesavebi moinaxuleT da roca sxvebs ZinavT, Tqven
namazi SeasruleT. amgvarad, samoTxes daimsaxurebT~.
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qveynierebis sulTanma, sayvarelma Suamavalma micno da
mkiTxa: `Sen medineli swavluli ibn selami xar?~ diax _ meTqi, vupasuxe. man Semdegi kiTxva damisva: `abdullah, allahis gulisTvis miTxari, ToraSi Cemi niSan-Tvisebebis Sesaxeb
ra wagikiTxavs?~ me kiTxva davubrune: `romelia uzenaesi allahis (sifaTi) niSan-Tviseba, rogorria misi fizionomia?~
Suqmofenili medinas xana
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allahis Suamavali cota xniT dafiqrda, am dros angelozma
jibrilma ihlasis sura zeSTaagona. rodesac Suamavlis mier
wakiTxuli `ihlasis~ sure movismine, maSinve vuTxari: `diax,
marTals ambob allahis Suamavalo, vemowmebi, rom allahis
garda sxva RvTaeba ar arsebobs, Sen ki misi mona-msaxuri da
Suamavali xar~. ase warmovTqvi qelimei SehadeTi da muslimani gavxdi.
Semdeg vuTxari: `allahis Suamavalo! iudevelebi iseT
tyuilis ityvian, rom adamians gaakvireben, cilismwamebeli
da usamarTlo xalxia. Tu gaigeben, rom islami miviRe, eWvgareSea, Tqven winaSe warmoudgenel braldebebs wamomiyeneben, cils damwameben. amitom Cem Sesaxeb manam kiTxeT, sanam
Cemi gamuslimanebis ambavs gaigeben~ da saxlis erT kuTxeSi davimale. male iudevel avtoritetul pirTa erTi jgufi Suamavalis winaSe warsgda. allahis Suamavalma hkiTxa:
`Tqveni Tanatomeli abdullah bin selami rogori adamiania?~
iudevelebma miuges: `is Cven Soris yvelaze mcodne da amave
dros didi swavlulis Svilia. is Cven Soris yvelaze ukeTesia~. amis Semdeg allahis Suamavalma hkiTxa: `davuSvaT, gaigeT rom is gamuslimanda, maSin ra ityodiT?~ `RmerTma daifaros is aseTi saqcielisgan~ miuges iudevelebma.
am dros samalavidan gamovedi da iudevelebs mivmarTe:
`iudevelebo! geSinodeT uzenaesi allahis! iwameT Tqvenze
boZebuli. vficav uzenaes allahs, Tqvenc kargad naxeT da
iciT, rom ToraSi moxsenebulia misi saxeli da niSan-Tvisebebi. es aris uzenaesi allahis Suamavali~. Semdeg qelimei
SehadeTi warmovTqvi: `vemowmebi, rom ar arsebobs RvTaeba
garda uzenaesi allahisa da rom muhammedi misi mona-msaxuri da Suamavalia~. rodesac iudevelebma es gaigones, Tqves:
`es kaci Cvens Soris yvelaze cudia. is uvargisi adamianis Svilia~. rac SeeZloT, yvela boroteba damabrales da
uamravi cili damwames. Semdeg allahis Suamavals mivmarTe:
`sworedac amis meSinoda. me xom ukve giTxariT, rom isini
usamarTlo, matyuara, borotebiT Sepyrobili da cilism- 223
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wamebeli xalxia. ai, ukve yvelaferi ukve saaSkaraoze gamovida!” amis Semdeg wmida Suamavali iudevelebs miubrunda da
uTxra: `CvenTvis pirveli dasturi, damowmeba sakmarisia, meore saWiro aRar aris~. amis Semdeg saxlSi davbrundi, ojaxis
wevrebi da axlo naTesavebi islamisken movixme mamidaCemis
CaTvliT yvela gamuslimanda.
Cemma gamuslimebam iudevelebi Zalian ganarisxa, amitomac Cemi Seviwroeba daiwyes. ufro metic, zogi iudeveli
swavluli imasac meubneboda, rom SeuZlebelia Suamavali
arabi yofiliyo da rom muhammedi mxolod mmarTvelia. ase
cdilobdnen, rom miRebuli rjulze uari meTqva, magram sawadels ver miaRwies.
abdullah bin selamTan erTad, sa’lebe bin sa’iem, useid
bin sa’iem, esed bin ubeidem da kidev ramdenime iudevelma
islami iwama. Tumca zogi iudeveli swavluli amtkicebda,
rom mxoloddamxolod boroti ebraelebi gamuslimandnen,
isini rom kargebi yofiliyvnen, winaprebis rjuls ar uRalatebdnen.
hijreTis pirvel wels momxdari sxva movlenebi.
emigraciis pirvel wels, ensarTagan es’ad bin zurare,
bera bin maruri, qulsum bin hidmi, xolo muhajirTagan osman bin mazuni gardaicvalnen. muslimebs miecaT urwmunoTa
winaaRmdeg brZolis neba miecaT. garda amisa ebu beqiri da
bilali habeSu medinas klimats ver SeeCvivnen da malariis
davadeba SeeyaraT. amis gamo sayvarelma Suamavalma uzenaes
allahis mimarT Semdegi vedreba aRavlina: `Cemo gamCeno, rogorc medinac iseve Segvayvare, rogorc meqqa gviyvars. baraqa
da siuxve gviwyalobe~. uzenaesma allahma misi vedreba ismina
da muhajirebs medina Seayvara.
am wels Tavad wminda muhammed Suamavlis monawileobiT,
ebvasa da veddanis brZolebi moxda, xolo meore wlis da224 sawyisSi, buvaTis, sefevanisa da zuluSeiris brZolebi. ma-
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gram am brZolebSi Setakebas adgili ar hqonia.
pirveli werilobiTi konveciis (xelSekrulebis) dadeba.
meqqelebi ar isvenebdnen, wminda Suamavals rac meqqaSi
ver daakles, imis anazRaureba medinaSi cdilobdnen. muqaris Semcvel werilebs arc medinel warmarTebs da arc iudevelebs aklebdnen. maTma aseTma muqaram is Sedegi gamoiRo,
rom iudevelebi allahis Suamavals dauaxlovdnen.
erTxelac, iudevelebi allahis Suamavlis winaSe warsdgnen da uTxres: `TqvenTan samSvidobo molaparakebisTvis
movediT, SevTanxmdeT da erTmaneTs zians nu mivayenebT~.
allahis Suamavali maT SeTavazebas daTanxmda da ormocdaTxuTmetmuxliani xelSekruleba gaaformes. qvemoT moviyvanT xelSekrulebis zogierT muxls:
1 _ es xelSekruleba daido muhammedisa da meqqel da medinel muslimanebis mier maTTan mebrZol mowinaaRmdegesTan.
maTze mimyolis an SemdegSi mierTebulT da maTTan erTad
mebrZolTa Soris werilobiTi pirveli xelSekrulebaa.
2 _ eWvgareSea, rom eseni sxva xalxis jamaaTia.
3 _ yoveli tomi tyved Cavardnilis gamosasyids erToblivad ixdi
4 _ muslimebi SfoTisa da areulobis gamomwvevis winaaRmdeg im SemTxvevaSic ki iomeben, Tu is maTi SvilTagania.
5 _ im iudevels, romelic muslimebs daemorCileboda,
devnas ar dauwyebdnen dasaWiroebis SemTxvevaSi daxmarebas
aRmouCendnen.
6 _ iudevelebi da muslimanebi Seqmnian gaerTianebas, magram yvela Tavis religis mihyveba.
7 _ arcerTi iudevels wminda muhamedis nebarTvis gareSe
samxedro laSqrobaSi wasvla ar SeuZlia.
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8 _ SeTanxmebaze xelmomwer arcerT mxares aqvs ufleba,
meore mxaris romelime warmomadgenels devna dauwyos.
9 _ medinas dablobi, am xelSekrulebis mxareTaTvis akrZaluli zonaa.
10 _ meqqel warmarTebs da maT damxareT, mfarveloba araviTar SemTxvevaSi gaewevaT.
11 _ medinaze Tavdasxmis SemTxvevaSi muslimanebi da iudevelebi erTmaneTs unda daexmarnon.
am xelSekrulebis mixedviT, iudevelebi valdebulni iyvnen muslimebisTvis ar emtroT.
Cemo sayvarelo Suamavalo! ar damwuxrde!...
sanam allahis sayvareli Suamavali medinaSi emigraciaSi
wavidoda, am qalaqSi mcxovrebi hazerjis tomis meTauri,
abdullah bin ubei mmarTvelobisken iswrafvoda. jer aqabes zavis, Semdeg ki emigraciasTan erTad evsisa da hazrejis
tomebis umravlesobis gamuslimanebis gamo abdullah bin
ubeis zraxvebi veRar ganxorcielda. amis gamo igi, pirvel
rigSi, sayvareli Suamavlis, Semdeg ki emigranti sahabeebisa
da medineli muslimebis mimarT mtrulad ganewyo da Tavis
boroti zraxvebis gamosavlenad xelsayrel moments eloda, manamde ki raimes Cadenas ver bedavda. man Tavisnairi
adamianebisgan farisevelTa jgufi Camoayaliba... eseni sahabeebTan muslimanobas aRiarebdnen, magram zurgs ukan maT
dascinodnen. Cum-Cumad ganxeTqilebis Tesva da intrigisaTvis niadagis momzadeba daiwyes. aseTi qmedebSi imdenad Sors
Setopes, rom allahis wminda Suamavlis lideris sityvebis
Secvlili saxiT gadmocemac ikadres.
iudevelebi muslimebis mimarT mtrul ganwyobas sakuTar gulebSi inaxavdnen da xelSekrulebaze xeli swored
am faruli mtrobiT ganmsWvalulebma moaweres. sayvarel
226 SuamavalTan jguf-jgufad modiodnen da, TavianTi azriT,
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Zalian Znel kiTxvebs usvamdnen. miRebuli pasuxebidan gamomdinare isini xvdebodnen, rom muhammedi WeSmariti Suamavali iyo, magram sijiutisa da gautanlobis gamo mainc ar
iwames. amis Sesaxeb sayvareli Suamavali brZanebs: `iudevel
swavlulTagan Cemi aT maTgans mainc rom ewama, Semdeg yvela
iudeveli gamuslimdeboda~.
meqqeli warmarTebi, medineli kerpTayvanismcemlebis, farisevlebis, iudevelebisa da medinas garSemo mcxovreb tomTa muqarasa da waqezebas SeuCereblad ganagrZobdnen. cdilobdnen, islamis sxivi rac SeiZleboda male CaeqroT. isini
sayvareli Suamavlis likvidaciis gzebs eZebdnen.
miuxedavad farisevlebisa da warmarTebis aseTi qmedebebisa, allahis Suamavali yovelTvis mSvidobian gzas mimarTavda. sahabeebidan zogierTi darwmunebuli iyo, rom
ukve saWiro xdeboda mtris winaaRmdeg galaSqreba da amitom uzenaes allahs Semdegi sityvebiT Seevedrnen: `diado
gamoCeno, Sens gzaze warmarTebis winaaRmdeg omze ukeTesi
CvenTvis araferi iqneba. yureiSelma warmarTebma Seni sayvareli Suamavali uarhyves da iZulebuli gaxades, meqqa mietovebina. diado allah! imedi gvaqvs rom maT winaaRmdeg
brZolis nebas mogvcem!…~
allahis sayvareli Suamavali uzenaesi allahis brZanebas
eloda, radganac swored am brZanebebis mixedviT iqceoda.
ukve dro damdgariyo, angelozi jebrailis motanil zeSTagonaSi nabrZanebi iyo rom; `RvTis gzaze eomeT maT, vinc omi
agitexon. xolo zRvars ar gadalaxoT. (ar SeexoT maT vinc
Tqven ar gebrZviT. garda amisa brZolis dros ar moklaT,
ar awamoT, qalebi, bavSvebi, da moxucebi). radgan allahs ar
uyvars zRvris damrRvevni. mokaliT isini sadac hpovoT da
gandevneT rogorc Tqven (meqqadan) gagndevnes. warmarTobis
gansacdeli uaresia vidre omis dros kacTa hkvla. maT omi ar
gaumarToT mesjidi haramTan (wmida meCeTTan) vidre Tavs ar
dagesxmian. xolo isini Tu Tqven Tavs dagesxmian ebrZoleT da
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227
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
mohkaliT Tqvenc. aseTia urwmunoTa sasyideli. Tu isini uzenaesi allahis uarhyofisa da omis Tavs daanebeben, (Tqvens
daanebeT Tavi) vinaidan, ueWvelia, rom allahi mpatiebeli da
mwyalobelia.2
amis Semdeg zeSTagonebul aiaTSi ki asea nabrZanebi: `warmarTebs eomeT, sanam urwmunoebis kvali ar moispoba da rjulSi RvTismsaxureba mxolod da mxolod uzenaesi allahisTvis
ar iqneba. Tuki aseTi qmedebas (warmarTobas) Tavs danebeben
(maTTvis sasjeli ar iqneba). mtroba (sasjeli) mxolod usamarTloTa winaaRmdeg aris.~
pirveli laSqrobani
sayvarel Suamavalma, medinaSi sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis kontrolisaTvis samxedro SenaerTebi Seqmna. maTSi
xuTidan oTxas jariskacTa ricxvi oTxass xuTTas Soris
meryeobda. man mtris moulodneli Tavdasxmebis Tavidan
asacileblad medinaSi guSagobis dawesebiT saWiro zomebi
miiRo.
aseve aucilebeli iyo warmarTebis ekonomiuri kuTxiT
dasusteba. amisaTvis saWiro iyo maTTvis siriisken mimavali
savaWro gzebis gadaketva. rogorc ki xma gavarda, rom warmarTTa erT-erTi qaravani medinas SemogarenSi gadaadgildeboda, sayvarelma Suamavalma sawrafod salaSqrod mzadyofnis gankarguleba gasca. ocdaaTi cxenosani moamzada da
meTaurad Zvirfasi hamza dauniSna. Semdeg is daariga: `geSinodes uzenaesi allahisa da Sen gankargulebaSi myofTa
mimarT sirbile gamoiCine~. amis Semdgom ganacxada: `uzenaesi allahis gzaze, axseneT misi diadi saxeli da gailaSqreT.
ebrZoleT maT vinc ar cnobs uzenaes allahs~ Zvirfas hamzas
xelSi TeTri droSa misca da gza dauloca.
Zvirfasi hamza Tavis gankargulebaSi myof cxenosnebTan
erTad gaemarTa warmarTebis qaravnisaken, romelsac samasi
n
228 2. sura bayara; 190–192.
Suqmofenili medinas xana
o
cxenosani icavda. qaravani meqqadan damaskosken miemarTeboda, rodesac sifr-ul-bahrTan mividnen, muhajirebs Semoeyarnen. didebulma sahabeebma maSinve sabrZolo pozicia
daikaves da SetakebisTvis moemzadnen, magram am dros saqmeSi mejdi bin amir el-juhenma Caeria. is orive mxaris
mokavSire iyo. roca dainaxa muslimanebis ricxvi warmarTebze mcire iyo, ifiqra, rom SesaZlebeli iyo muslimanebi
damarcxebuliyvnen, islamis saxelmwifos maradiuli arsebobis imediT, momrigebloba gawia da orive mxares omi gadaaTqmevina. amis Semdeg Zvirfasi hamza megobrebTan erTad
medinaSi dabrunda. roca mejdis saqcielis Sesaxeb sayvarel
Suamavals uambes, mas gaexarda da Tqva: ` ra kargad moqceula, madlmosili”
am dRidan laSqrobebi ar wydeboda. ubeid bin harisis
meTaurobiT oTxmocamde cxenosani mujahidi rebieSi gaagzavnes. iq, warmarTebs muslimanebis SeeSindnen da gaqceviT
uSveles Tavs.
erTxelac, sayvarel Suamavals yureiSeli warmarTebis
gasakontroleblad nahleSi samxedros nawilis ganlageba
undoda. gasagzavni razmis meTaurad ki ebu ubeide bin jerrahi unda daeniSnaT. rodesac man es brZaneba miiRo SuamavalTan mosalodneli ganSorebis gamo, tirili daiwyo. allahis Suamavalma mis nacvlad abdullah bin jaSi daniSna.
abdullah bin jaSi islamze wrefeli guliT iyo Seyvarebuli. miuxedavad imisa, rom gamuslimanebis Semdeg urwmunoebma mas warmoudgeneli tanjva-wvaleba miayenes, man yvela
gaWirvebasa da tanjva-wameba medgrad gadaitana. aqedan gamomdinare allahis Suamavali brZanebs: `man SimSilobasa da
gaWirvebas yvelaze Rirseulad gauZlo~. abdullah mas Semdeg, rac bin jaSma Suamavlis mier SehidebisTvis sasixarulo
ambis Setyobinebis Sesaxeb gaigo, masac Sehidobis survili
klavda. Setakebis dros yovelTvis wina xazze ibrZoda.
igi mogviTxrobs: `im dRes Suamavalma Ziliswina namazis
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j
Sesrulebis Semdeg damiZaxa da miTxra: `diliT adre CemTan
modi, iaraRi Tan wamoiRe, sadRac unda gagagzavno.~
roca gaTenda meCeTSi wavedi. far-xmali, mSvild-isari da
CanTa Tan mqonda. allahis Suamavalma dilis namazi alocva
da saxlSi dabrunda. me masze adre mivedi da karebTan velodebodi. man muhajirTagan CemTan erTad wasasvlelad ramdenime kaci naxa. rodesac daminaxa, miTxra, Sen amaT meTaurad unda dagniSnoo da raRac werili gadmomca, Semdeg ki
gaagrZela: `wadi, ori dRis siarulis Semdeg es werili gaxseni
da rogorc iq aris nabrZanebi, imis mixedviT moiqeci.~ vkiTxe,
allahis Suamavalo saiTken wavide-meTqi, man mipasuxa, nejdesaken gaemarTe, Semdeg reqies ormosken mibrundio.
rodesac abdullah bin jaSs nahles laSqrobis meTauroba
daevala, amiT man pirvelma miiRo morwmuneTa amiris tituli. ase, rom is islamSi pirveli amiri gaxda, romelic am
tituliT moixsenieba. 12 kaciani razmiT ori dRis mogzaurobis Semdeg melelSi rom mividnen, man werili gaxsna da
kiTxva daiwyo. gzavnilSi ewera:
`bismilllahirrahmanirrahim. rodesac am werils gaxsni da
waikiTxav meqqasa da taifs Soris mdebare nahles velamde allahis saxeli xsnebiT iare. arcerT Tanmxleb megobars SenTan
erTad wasvla ar aiZulo. nehles velze yureiSelebi da maTi
qaravnebi gaakontrole. maT Sesaxeb informacia mogvawode~.
rodesac morwmuneTa amiram, abdullah bin jaSma werili waikiTxa, warmosTqva: `yvela Cvengani uzenaesi allahis
msaxura da yvela mas unda davubrundeT. gavige da vemorCilebi. uzenaesi allahisa da sayvareli Suamavalis brZanebas Sevasruleb~. werils akoca da Tavze daido, Semdeg
megobarT miubrunda da mimarTa: `visac suliTa da guliT
unda Sehidad gaxdoma,, CemTan erTad wamovides, visac ar
unda, SeuZlia, ukan dabrundes. aravis ar gaiZulebT. Tu
arcerTi wamoxvalT me martod waval da allahis Suamavlis
230 brZanebas aucileblad Sevasruleb”. TanmxlebTagan yvelam
n
Suqmofenili medinas xana
o
erTxmad upasuxes: `Cven movismineT allahis sayvareli Suamavlis brZaneba, morCilni varT, uzenaes allahis, sayvareli Suamavalisa da Seni. uzenaesi allahis madliT, iq wadi,
sadac Sen isurveb”
sa’d bin ebi vayyasis TanxlebiT mcirericovanma razmma hijazisken gezi aiRo da nehles miaRwia. erT adgils amoefarnen da gamvlel gamomvlel yuraiSebs TvalTvali dauwyes.
am dros datvirTulma warmarTTa qaravanma gaiara, mujahidebma qaravans miuaxlovdnen da isini islamis rjulisken
moixmes. uaris miRebisTanave Setevaze gadavidnen. maTgan
erTi mokles, ori ki tyved aiyvanes. erTma cxenosanma Tavs
gaqceviT uSvela. urwmunoTa mTeli qoneba mujahidebs darCaT. abdullah bin jaSma qonebis erTi mexuTedi allahis
Suamavals gauyo. es muslimanTa mier mopovebuli pirveli
samxedro nadavli.
mesjidi yibleTeini
Suqmofenil medinaSi sayvareli Suamavlis emigarciaSi
gadasvlidan ukve Cvidmeti Tve iyo gasuli. am dromde namazs mesjidi maydisis (wminda meCeTis) mimarTulebiT asrulebdnen. erTxelac iudevelebma Tqves: `ra saocaria ara?
rjuli Cvengan gasxvavebulia, xolo yible ki erTi da igive”
am sityvebma sayvarel Suamavlamde moaRwia da mas Zalian atkina guli. rodesac angelozi jibrili gamoecxada, mas uTxra: `jibrail! uzenaes allahs vTxov, rom locvis dros saxe
iudevelebis yibledan qaabasken vibruno~ mTavarangelozam
upasuxa: `me mxolod misi msaxurTagani var, es gardmovlinda, romelSic nabrZanebia: `Cemo sayvarelo Suamavalo!“ ueWvelia cis yoveli kuTxiT saxe Seqceuli gixileT; amieridan
miiqeci im kuTxiT romelic mogewonos, maS, wminda meCeTis
(mesjidi haram, qaabas) mimarTulebiT miiqec. morwmuneebo
Tqvenc! sadac unda iyoT namazis Sesrulebisas piri ibruneT
im mimarTulebiT (qaabesken). ueWvelia, rom visac wminda weri-
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
li miiRo, ician rom es WeSmariteba (yibles mimarTulebis
Secvla) yovlis gamCeni, baton patronisgan momdinareobs.
uzenaesi allahi maTi qmedebebis uyuradRebo ar aris.
am wminda aiaTis zegardmovlenis dros allahis Suamavali sahabeebs SuadRis namazs alocvebda, namazis naxevari
ukve Sesrulebuli hqonda, rocazeSTagonebis miRebisTanave piri qaabasken ibruna. Tanamimdevrebmac igive moZraoba
gaimeores. amitomac am meCeTs `mesjidi yibleTeini~ anu or
yibleani meCeTi ewoda. amis Semdeg allahis Suamavali qubaSi
wavida da pirvelad aSenebuli meCeTis mihrabi madlmosili
xelebiT axlad gaakeTa, meCeTis kedeli gamocvala.
n
232
Suqmofenili medinas xana
o
n
233
bediris brZola
muslimTa warmatebulma laSqrobebma, urwmunoebs SiSi
Caunerga. savaWrod mimavali, maTi qaravnebi ukve jgufurad da samxedroebis dacvis qveS gadaadgildebodnen. emigraciis meore wels, meqqelma warmarTebma yvela ojaxidan
avladideba Seagroves, aTas aqlemze datvirTes da qaravani
damaskoSi gaagzavnes. qaravans saTaveSi meqqas didebulTagan
erT-erTi, ebu sufiani edga. garda amisa qaravans dasacavad
ormocamde mcveli miamagres. saqonlis gayidvis Semdeg aRebuli mTeli fuliT iaraRis SeZena da muslimanebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi gamoyeneba undodaT.
rodesac allahis sayvarelma Suamavalma gaigo, rom warmarTebi qaravans savaWrod damaskoSi agzavnidnen, maSinve
muhajirTagan ramdenime kaci mtris dasazveravad gaagzavna. zul’aSeres rom miaRwien, warmarTTa qaravani dainaxes,
maSinve medinaSi dabrundnen da allahis Suamavals viTareba acnobes. Tuki RvTismgmobT, maT xelT arsebuli qoneba
da iaraRi waerTmevaT muslimanebs ziani aRar miadgebaT da
wiaaRmdegoba daZleuli iqneba-ase fiqrobdnen muslimanebi.
allahis Suamavalma imis gasagebad, Tu rodis dabrundeboda qaravani ukan, talha bin abdullahi da sa’d bin zeidi
gaagzavna.
am Sansis xelidan gaSveba ar SeiZleboda.. sayvarelma Suamavalma medinaSi darCenil muslimanebis winamZRolad abdullah ibni meqTumi datova, garda amisa meuRlis avadmyofobis gamo keTilSobil osmansa da ramdenime sahabes
medinaSi darCena ubrZana. TviTon ki samas sahabesTan erTad,
romelTa Sorisac ansarebic iyvnen da muhajirebic, ramazanis Tvis meTormete dRes bedris velisken gaemarTa. sul
muslimanTa raodenoba medinaSi darCenilTa CaTvliT 313-s
Seadgenda. bediris veli ki medinasa da siriisken mimavali
234 gzebis SemaerTebel nawilSi mdebareobda.
n
bediris brZola
o
sayvarel Suamavals RvTismgmobTa winaaRmdeg brZolaSi wayvanas bavSvebi da qalebic evedrebodnen. SuamavlTan
misulma ummu varayam Txova: `allahis Suamavalo, gTxov
neba momce, TqvenTan erTad wamovide, daWrilebs Wrilobebs Sevuxvev, avadmyofebs movemsaxurebi da iqneb uzenaesma allahma Sehidobac margunos wilad~. wminda Suamavalma
upasuxa: `saxlSi dajeqi, wminda yurani ikiTxe, ueWvelia, rom
uzenaesi allahi Sehidobas gargunebs~.
sa’d bin ebi vayyasi mogviTxrobs: `rodesac allahis Suamavalma brZolaSi monawileobis msurveli bavSvebis ukan dabruneba isurva, davinaxe Cemi Zma umeiri erT kuTxeSi imaleboda. roca igi SevniSne, vkiTxe: `ra dagemarTa? ratom
imalebi?~ `vSiSob, rom sayvareli Suamavali daminaxavs da
sxva bavSvebTan erTad mec ukan dabruneba momTxovs. me ki
brZolaSi monawileobis miReba da uzenaesi allahis gzaze
Sehidad dacema minda~. mipasuxa Cemma Zmam. maSin is mxolod
Teqvsmeti wlis iyo. am dros, viRacam allahis Suamavals
Cemi Zmis Sesaxeb acnoba. Suamavali masTan mivida da uTxra:
`umeir! ukan dabrundi!~ Cemma Zmam tirili daiwyo. wyalobaTa
nakadulma, ukeTilSobilesma Suamavalma mis cremlebs veRar gauZlo da brZolaSi monawileobis neba darTo. TumcaRa
Cemma Zmam welze xmali TviTon ver gaikeTa da me davexmare.
sayvareli muhammed Suamavlis droSa mus’ab bin umeirs,
sa’d bin mu’azs da Zvirfasi alis eWiraT xelSi. muslimebs
mxolod sami cxeni da samocdaaTi aqlemi hyavdaT, amitom
maTze morigeobiT sxdebodnen. allahis wminda Suamavali, keTilSobili ali, Zvirfasi ebu lubabe da mersed bin mersedi
morigeobiT sxdebodnen erT aqlemze. magram yoveli maTgani
exveweboda wminda Suamavals, rom is aqlemidan ar Camosuliyo da fexiT ar evlo: `Cveni sicocxle genacvalos, allahis
Suamavalo! gTxovT, aqlemidan Zirs nu CamoxvalT, Sens magivrad Cven vivliT fexiT~. magram qveynierebis batoni sakuTar
Tavs maTgan ar ansxvavebda da eubneboda: `ise rogorc fexiT
siarulSi Tqven Cemze Zlierebi ara xarT, aseve rac Seexeba 235
n
o
sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
madlisa da jildos, me Tqvenze ufro meti momeTxoveba”
allahis sayvareli Suamavali da didebuli sahabeebi papanaqeba sicxeSi, marxulebi miiwevdnen win. muslimebi, miuxedavad uamravi sirTulisa, islamis gavrcelebisaTvis sayvarel
Suamavals ukan siyvaruliTa da bednierebiT aRsavseni mihyvebodnen. vinaidan, am yvelafers, saboloo jamSi uzenaesi
allahisa da wminda Suamavlis kmayofileba mohyveboda da
rac yvelaze metad surdaT es, Sehidobis Rirsebisa da samoTxis mopoveba iyo…. sayvareli Suamavali, rodesac sahabeebs am mdgomareobaSi uyurebda, allahs evedreboda: `Cemo
allaho! isini fexiT dadian, maT samgzavro saSualeba mieci!
Cemo allaho! isini SiSvlebi arian, maT Caacvi! isini mSivrebi arian, daapure isini! isini gaWirvebulebi arian, uzado wyalobiT gaamdidre isini!~
wminda Suamavlis madlmosili jari mxurvale sicxeSi bedirisken miiwevda, amave dros damaskodan momavali, warmarTebis qaravani bediris vels uaxlovdebodnen. Suamavlis
mier ambis mosatanad gagzavnili ori sahabem ukan swrafad
dabrunda. mat allahis Suamavals acnobes, rom erT an or
dReSi warmarTebi bedirs moaRwevdnen. roca meqaravneebi im
sofelSi mividnen, romelSic mzveravebma maT Sesaxeb ambavi
gaiges, iqaur soflis mkvidrT hkiTxes: `muslimanebis mzveravebis Sesaxeb iciT rame?~ adgilobrivebma upasuxes: `ar viciT, magram ori kaci iyo mosuli. ai, iq isxdnen, cota xans,
Semdeg adgnen da wavidnen~.
rodesac ebu sufiani soflis mkvidrTa mier miTiTebul
adgilze mivida da iqauroba Seamowma aqlemis ganavali dainaxa, roca is gasrisa, sakvebis kurkebi dainaxa da Tqva: `ase
mgonia, is ori kaci muhammedis mzveravebi iyvnen~. ifiqra,
savaraudod muslimanebi Zalian axlos ariano da SiSma Seipyro. qaravnis bedma mosveneba daakargvina, gadawyvita dRe
da Rame Seusveneblad evlo da drois maqsimalurad gamoyenebiT, wiTeli zRvis sanapiros gavliT, saswrafod, meqqa236 Si gadasuliyo. garda amisa damdam bin amir Rifari meqqaSi
n
bediris brZola
o
macned gaagzavna.
rodesac es kaci meqqaSi mivida perangi winidan da uknidan daxia, aqlemis kurtani ukuRma Seabruna da raRacnairi
ucnauri xmiT wivil-kivili daiwyo: `miSveleeeT! miSveleT!
yureiSelebo! miSveleeeT! Tqven qaravans, ebu sufianTan arsebul qonebas muhammedi da misi sahabeebi daesxnen Tavs.
Tuki iCqarebT da miuswrebT, SeiZleba qaravani gadaarCinoT~.
es rom meqqelebma gaiges, saswrafod Seikribnen da saomrad moemzadnen. Svidasi aqlemi, samasi cxenosnis da asormocdaaTi qveiTisgan Semdgari jari Sekribes, magram, roca
ebu lehebs uTxres, aba Senc gamogvyevio, is SeSinda da avadmyofoba moimizeza, Tavis nacvlad as bin hiSami gaagzavna.
warmarTi, saxelad umeiie bin halefi, saomari samzadisis
dros sakmaod uxalisod iqceoda. vinaidan Suamavlis mier
naTqvami axsovda, umeiies Cemi sahabe moklavso. radgan Suamavali yovelTvis simarTles ambobda amitomac umeiies Zalian eSinoda. amis gamo ebu jehilis daJinebas simsuqnisa
da moxucebulobis momizezebiT upasuxa, magram bolosdabolos mis sayvedurebs veRar gauZlo da iZulebuli gaxda
TanamoZmeebs brZolaSi gayoloda
warmarT meomarTa umravlesobas javSani ecvaT. Tan lamazi xmiT momRerali qalebi axldaT. arc sakravi instrumentebi da alkoholi daviwyebodaT. fiqrobdnen, amdenad
Zlieri jariT ara samas, aramed aTas kacian jarsac ki Tavisuflad daamarcxebdnen. sanam gzas gaudgebodnen, zogierTebi ukve imasac angariSobdnen, vin vis moklavda an vin ramden nadavls aiRebda. magram am yvelaferTan erTad, maTi
mTavari mizani, islamis mospoba iyo. am gaafTrebul warmarTTa jogi, qalebis mier namReri melodiebis TanxlebiT
gzas gaudga.
amasobaSi ebu sufians medinadan sakmao gza gaevlo da
gezi meqqsaken aiRo. roca darwmunda, rom xifaTi Tavidan
n
237
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
iyo acilebuli, erTi kaci, saxelad qais bin imrul qaisi
yureiSelebTan gaagzavna da daabara:` yureiSelno, qaravnis,
Tqveni xalxisa da qonebis dasacavad meqqadan wamosulxarT,
magram Cven xifaTi Tavidan avicileT, SegiZliaT ukan dabrundeT!~. garda amisa maT SeuTvala, frTxilad iyaviT da
muslimanebTan saomrad medinaSi ar waxvideTo. rodesac qaisma warmarTTa jars ambavi miutana, ebu jehilma Tqva: `bedirSi mivideT, sami dRe-Rame vimxiaruloT, aqlemebi davklaT,
viqeifoT. axlo-maxlo tomebma gviyuron, SeSurdeT Cveni da
dainaxon rom aravisi gveSinia. amis Semdeg SiSiT Cvenze Tavdasxmas veRaravin gabedavs. daumarcxebelo yuraiSis jaro,
midi gza ganagrZe!”
qaisi mixvda, rom ebu jehili ukve aravis sityvas moismenda, amitom ukan dabrunda da viTareba ebu sufians acnoba.
ufro progresulma da windaxedulma ebu sufianma Tavi veRar Seikava da Tqva: `oh, sawyali yuraiSebi! es amir bin hiSamis dagegmilia, es yvelaferi xalxis mmarTvelad yofnis
siyvaruliT gaakeTa. Tumca aseTi siSmage yovelTvis ubedurebis sababi xdeba. Tuki muslimanebi yureiSelebs Sexvdebian, vai, am ukanasknelTa Tavs! Savi dRe daadgebaT~. amis Semdeg qaravani saswrafod meqqaSi miiyvana da jars wamoewia.
amasobaSi sayvareli muhammed Suamavali bediris vels
uaxlovdeboda. am dros, moulodnelad, muslimanTa Soris
medinel warmarTTagan ors, hubeib bin iesafs da qais bin
muharriss mohkra Tvali.
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hubeibi Tavze rkinis CafxutiT icno da Zvirfas sa’d bin
mu’azs hkiTxa: `es xom hubeibia?~ `diax, allahis Suamavalo~upasuxa muazma. hubeibi mamaci falavani gaxldaT, romelmac
Zalian kargad icoda brZolis wesebi. is da qaisi allahis
Suamavlis winaSe warsdgnen. Suamavalma maT hkiTxa; `ratom
modixarT CvenTan erTad?~ `Sen Cveni disSvili da mezobeli
xar. Cvenc Cven xalxTan erTad nadavlis asakrefad movdivarT~. upasuxes maT. Suamavalma hkiTxa: `Tqven iwameT uzenae-
bediris brZola
o
si allahisa da misi Suamavlis?~ _ arao upasuxes maT. `maS Tu
egrea, dabrundiT ukan! vinc Cveni rjulisa ar aris is, CvenTan
erTad ver iqneba~ _ Tqva allahis Suamavalma.
hubeibe mainc ar Sedrka da Tavis qeba daiwyo: `yvelam kargad icis, ra mamaci, Seupovari da mtris jaris gamnadgurebeli meomari var. nadavlisaTvis mtris winaaRmdeg SenTan
erTad vibrZoleb~. miuxedavaT yvelafrisa, Suamavalma misi
daxmareba ar isurva.
cota xnis Semdeg hubeibma Tavisi survili isev gaimeora.
magram Suamavalma acnoba, rom sanam is islams ar miiRebda,
manamde survils realobad ver aqcevda. rodesac revahTan
mividnen, hubeibi allahis sayvareli Suamavlis winaSe warsdga da uTxra: `allahis Suamavalo! virwmune samyaros gamCenis, uzenaesi allahis, aseve vemowmebi, rom Sen misi Suamavali xar~. hubeibis mier am sityvebis warmoTqma sayvarel
Suamavals Zalain gauxarda. xolo qaisi medinaSi dabrunebis
Semdeg gaciskrovnda islamiT.
rodesac islamis jarma safras vels miaRwia, gaiges, rom
meqqelebs jari SeukrebiaT da qaravnebis gadasarCenad bedirisken miiwevdnen. wminda Suamavalma maSinve sahabeebi Sekriba da Seqmnili viTarebis Sesaxeb iTaTbires. vinaidan,
rodesac medineli muslimanebi Suamavals aqabes SeTanxmebis dadebisas Sepirdnen, rom Tu maT qalaqSi sacxovreblad wavidoda, misTvis Tavsac ki gawiravdnen, isini tavisi
pirobis erTgulni rCebodnen da yvelafrisTvis mzad iyvnen,
miuxedavad imisa, rom mowinaaRmdege mtris jari raodenobiT, SearaRebiTa da simdidriT maTTan SedarebiT Zalian
Zlieri iyvnen. rodesac allahis Suamavalma Tanamimdevrebs
azri hkiTxa, muhajirTagan ebu beqr siddiyi, da omer bin
faruyi fexze wamodgnen da ganacxades, rom aucilebeli
iyo mtris jaris winaaRmdeg TavganwirviT brZola. amis Semdeg, muhajirTagan miqdad bin esvedi wamodga da Semdegi
sityva warmosTqva: `allahis Suamavalo, gaakeTe is, rasac
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
uzenaesi allahi gibrZanebs. Cven israelis SvilebiviT, romelTac wminda musas uTxres: `o musa, sanam im saxelmwifoSi
mCagvreli, tirani xalxi iqneba, Cven ara varT iq Semsvlelebi.
Sen da Seni gamCeni erTad SediT da Tqven orman ebrZoleT maT,
Cven aq unda davrCeT~.1 ar getyviT. mzad varT, uzenaesi allahis gulisTvis sicocxle gavwiroT. Sen WeSmarit Suamavlad momvlenel uzenaes allahs vficav, rom zRvis gaRmiT,
eTiopiaSic rom gvibrZano wasvla, amasac gavakeTebT, araviTar SemTxvevaSi umcires winaaRmdegobasac ki ar gagiwevT.
mzad varT Seni yoveli moTxovna SevasruloT. ded-mama da
Cemi Tavi genacvalos allahis Suamavalo~. miqdadis aseTma
sityvebma sayvareli Suamavali Zalzed gaaxara da man erTguli sahabe daloca.
aq, kidev ufro, mniSvnelovani medineli muslimanebis Sexedulebebi iyo. mtrebi raodenobiT metni iyvnen da amave
dros allahis Suamavalze sityva hqondaT micemuli,rom
mas daicavdnen, Tundac es sicocxlis fasad dajdomodaT.
magram isini ar iyvnen dapirebulni, rom mas medinas gareTac
daicavdnen. roca maT fiqrebSi am azrebma gaielva ensarTagan sa’d bin mu’azi fexze wamodga da wamosTqva:` allahis Suamavalo! nebas Tu damrTavT, ensarTa saxeliT minda
vilaparako. Cven viwameT Seni Suamavlobis. WeSmariteba da
simarTlea is, rac Sen moitane. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT
mtkice sityva mogeciT, rom mogismendiT da Seni morCilni viqnebodiT. Cven mocemul sityvas araviTar SemTxvevaSi vuRalatebT, sadac waxvalT, yvelgan Sen brZanebebs davemorCilebiT da Tavs gavwiravT Sens wminda gzaze. vficav,
WeSmarit Suamavlad Sen momvlenel uzenaes allahs, rom
Tundac zRvaSi SeiWra ukan mogyvebiT, arcerTi CvenTagani
erTi nabijiTac ki ukan ar davixevT. gvibrZane, SevasrulebT
ras gsurT. sicocxlesac da simdidresac gavwiravT. brZolaSi momTmenni varT, mteri verasdros gvZlevs. Cveni erTaderTi imedi Seni sixarulisa da kmayofilebis mopovebaa”.
n
240 1. sura maide 24-e aiaTi.
bediris brZola
o
sahabeebma, es sityvebi rom moismines, aRtacebaSi movidnen.
mas yvela erTad suliTa da guliT daeTanxma. am sityvebma
metismetad gaaxara allahis Suamavali da man Zvirfasi sa’di
da sahabeebi daloca.
sayoymano aRaraferi iyo. ramdenadac Zlieri unda yofiliyo mtris jari, didebuli sahabeebi Sehidobis pativis
mosapoveblad Tvalsac ki ar daaxamxamebdnen. kacobriobis
siamayeze miyoliT, maT misi da uzenaesi allahis kmayofilebis mopoveba undodaT. allahis SuamavalTan erTad yvelgan
wavidodnen. samyaros ukeTilSobilesma Suamavalma sahabeebis mxridan misdami aseTi damokidebuleba rom dainaxa, maT
uTxra: `aba wamodiT! gaixareT uzenaesi allahis nebiT. vficav
allahs, axla, TiTqos, yuraiSebs brZolis velze dacemulT
vxedav.~
angelozebis daxmareba
juma (paraskevi) Rame iyo, rodesac bedirSi mividnen. sayvareli Suamavali sahabeebs miubrunda da uTxra: `imedi
maqvs, im patara gorasTan, Wis gverdiT, gakveuli cnobebs movipovebT~. Semdeg allahis lomad wodebuli keTilSobili
ali, sa’d bin ebi vayyasi, zubeire bin avvami da kidev ramdenime Tanamimdevari iqiT gagzavna.
keTilSobili ali megobrebTan erTad maSinve Wisken wavida. roca iq mividnen, yuraiSeli aqlemebis gamrekni da
wylis mzidavebi dainaxes. amaTma muslimanebis rom mokres
Tvali, warmarTebi ukanmouxedavad gaiqcnen. magram orma
maTganma gaqceva ver moaswro da isini Seipyres. dakavabulTagan erTi hajjajisSvilis mona eSlemi, xolo meore ki
as bin saidisSvilebis mona ariz ebu iaseri iyo. roca isini
allahis Suamavlis winaSe waradgines, kacobriobis siamayem
maT hkiTxa; `sad arian yuraiSebi?~ _ `ai im qviSis goris ukan
arian ganlagebulni~. _ upasuxes maT. `ramdenni arian? _ `ar
viciT~ _ `dReSi ramden aqlems klaven~ _ `zogjer cxras zo-
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
gjer kidev aTs~ `e.i. aTasze naklebi da cxraasze metni ariano brZana”. Semdeg Suamavalma isev ikiTxa: `vin arian yuraiS
didgvarovanTagan?~. _ `uTbe, Seibe, haris bin amiri, ebul
buhTeri, haqim bin huzami, ebu jehli da umeiie bin halefi...~
_ upasuxes datyvevebulebma. rodesac wminda Suamavalma es
saxelebi gaigona, sahabeebs miubrunda da uTxra; `meqqelebma
yvelaze Zvirfasi, sayvareli xalxi Semogwires~. Suamavalma tyveebs hkiTxa: `aq mosvlis Semdeg, yuraiSelTagan ukan
dabrunda vinme?~ _ `diax beni zuhres tomidan ahnes bin ebi
Seriqi ukan dabrunda~. Suamavalma Tqva: `miuxedavad imisa,
rom is araswor gzaze idga, ar icoda saiqio, uzenaesi allahi
da wminda wigni, mas beni zures tomisTvis swori gza uCvenebia.
kidev aris iseTi vinc ukan dabrunda?~ _ `diax, adi bin qa’bis
Svilebi dabrundnen ukan~.
wminda muhammed Suamavalma yuraiSebis kidev erTxel
gasafrTxileblad da maTTan zavis dasadebad keTilSobili
omari gagzavna. am ukanasknelma maT Semdegi sityvebiT mimarTa: `jiuto xalxo, allahis Suamavali brZanebs, rom yvelam am saqmidan ukan daixioT da mSvidobiT Tqven samSobloSi
dabrundeT, radgan mas TqvenTan oms sxvasTan dapirispireba
urCevnia~.
am SemoTavazebis sapasuxod warmarTTagan erT-erTi haqim
bin huzamem win gamovida da Tqva: `yureiSelno, muhammedi amjerad Zalian samarTlianad mogeqcaT, SemoTavazebas axlave
Tu ar daeTanxmebiT, vficav, amis Semdeg aRarasodes SegicodebT!~ ebu jehili haqimis am sityvebze Zalian gabrazda
da ayvirda: `am SemoTavazebas araviTar SemTxvevaSi miviRebT
da sanam muslimanebze Surs viZiebT, manamde ukan ar davixevT da amis Semdeg Cvens qaravanze Tavdasxmas veRaravin gabedavs~. am sityvebiT man yvela samSvidobo gza Caketa, xolo
keTilSobili omari TavisianebTan dabrunda.
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im Rames, sayvareli allahis Suamavali da didebuli sahabeebi bediris velze warmarTebze adre mividnen da Webis
bediris brZola
o
axlo-maxlos ganlagdnen. allahis Suamavalma sahabeebTan
moiTaTbira, Tu sad unda ganlagebuliyvnen brZolis dros.
maSin, jer kidev, ocdaaTi wlis habbab bin munziri fexze wamodga da laparakis nebarTva iTxova. roca Suamavalma neba
darTo, man Semdegi kiTxva dasva: `allahis Suamavalo, es adgili uzenaesi allahis mier TqvenTvis nabrZanebi brZolis
velia da aseTad unda darCes Tu aq brZola Tqveni, pirovnuli gadawyvetilebaa?~ Suamavalma miugo; `es adgili Cem mier,
taqtikuri mosazrebebidan gamomdinare, iqna SerCeuli.~
Zvirfasma habbabma amasTan dakavSirebiT Tavisi mosazreba
gamoTqva: `Cemi Tavi genacvalos allahis Suamavalo! Cven
meomari xalxi varT. aqauroba Zalian kargad viciT. ai, iq,
sadac yuraiSebi unda ganlagdnen, WebSi bevri gemrieli wyalia. Tu nebas dagvrTavT, iq gavnlagdebiT. axlo _ maxlo
yvela Wa davxuroT, CvenTvis ki auzi gavakeToT da wyliT
gavavsoT. roca mtris winaaRmdeg brZolisas wyali mogvwyurdeba, iqedan davlioT, mteri ki wyals ver ipovis da Tavgza aebneva~.
swored am dros uzenaesma allahma jibrail angelozis
meSveobiT am mosazrebis sisworis Sesaxeb ukeTilSobiles
muhammeds zeSTagoneba uboZa. Semdeg wminda Suamavali fexze wamodga da brZana: `habbab, Seni mosazreba sworia~. yvela
erTad miTiTebul WasTan mividnen, gemrieli wylis Wis garda sxva yvela Wa daxures. Semdeg didi auzi gaakeTes wyliT
gaavses da dasalevad iqve WurWeli dades.
am dros Zvirfasi sa’d bin mu’azi sayvareli Suamavlis winaSe warsdga da SesTavaza; `allahis Suamavalo, dasajdomad, xurmis totebiT saCrdilobeli gagikeToT?~ Suamavali
sa’dis am ideis mimarT kmayofili darCa da sahabe daloca.
misTvis maSinve saCrdilobeli gaakeTes.
SuamavalTa sulTanma sahabeebtan erTad brZolis veli
daaTvaliera. is dro da dro SeCerdeboda da ambobda: `allahis nebiT, xval diliT mavanni aq mokvdebian, mavannii aq dae-
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
cemian da a.S. madlmosili xeliT im adgilebs uCvenebda, sadac
yuraiSebu unda dacemuliyvnen.~
mogvianebiT keTilSobili omaris gadmocemis mixedviT,
yoveli maTgani zustad allahis Suamavlis madlmosili xeliT miTiTebul adgilas iqnen moklulni.
sayvarelma Suamavalma sahabeebi sam nawilad dahyo. muhajirebis droSa mus’ab bin umeirs, evsis tomTa droSa sa’d
bin mu’azs, xolo hazrejis tomisa ki habbab bin munzirs Caabara. yvela Tavisi droSis qveS Seikriba. amis Semdeg wminda
Suamavalma jari mwkrivSi daayena da saomrad moamzada.
rodesac Suamavali jars awerigebda, mwkrividan win gamosul sevad bin gaziies mkerdze xeljoxi Seaxo da uTxra:
`mwkrivs gauswordi sevad!~ _ sevadma miugo: `allahis Suamavalo! xeljoxi rom Semaxe, metkina. Seni WeSmariti rjuliT,
wminda wigniT da samarTliT, Suamavlad momvlenel uzenaesi allahis gulisTvis, mec minda xeljoxi SegaxoT~. am sityvebis gagonebaze yvela sahabe gakvirvebuli darCa. gana
SeiZleboda allahis Suamavalze samagieros gadaxda. gana
SeiZleboda amis gakeTeba? allahis sayvarelma Suamavalma
maSinve perangi aiwia da uTxra: `midi aba, gadamixade samagiero~.
Zvirfasma sevadma sayvarel Suamavals madlmosil mkerdze
udidesi sixaruliT akoca. yvela samagieros eloda, magram
roca dainaxes, Tu rogor moiqca sevadi, gakvirebulni darCnen da misi SeSurdaT. Semdeg sayvarelma Suamavalma sevads
hkiTxa: `sevad! ratom moiqeci ase?~ _ `Cemi sicocxle genacvalos, allahis Suamavalo! dRes uzenaesi allahis brZanebiT,
sikvdilis moaxloebas vgrZnob, Tqvengan ganSorebis meSinia,
amis gamo, sicocxlis bolo Jams Tqvens madlmosil sxeulze
Sexeba visurve. amiT gankiTxvis dRes daxmarebas gamiwev da
mindoda es sasjelisgan gadarCenis mizezi yofiliyo~. sevadis mxridan gamoCenilma aseTma siyvarulma, Suamavals guli
244 auCuya da man erTguli sahabe daloca.
n
bediris brZola
o
dalocvili islamis jaris marjvena frTas mamaci mujahidi zubeir bin avvami xolo marcxenas miqdad bin esvedi
sardlobda.
imis Taobaze, Tu rogor unda daewyoT brZola, allahis
Suamavalma moTaTbireba isurva. man ikiTxa: `rogor daviwyebT pirvel Setakebas?~ aasim bin sabiTi mSvild-isriT xelSi
wamodga da Tavisi mosazreba gamoTqva; `allahis Suamavalo! rodesac yuraiSebi asi metriT mogviaxlovdebian, maT
isrebi davuSinoT, Semdeg rodesac qvis sasrol manZilze
mogviaxlovdebian, qvebi davuSinoT, xolo, roca imdenad axlos movlen, rom Subebi mivwvdebaT, Subebis damtvrevamde
vebrZoloT. Semdeg ki xmlebi viSiSvloT da xelCarTul Setakebaze gadavideT~. Suamavals es sabrZolo taqtika moewona da sahabeebs miTiTeba misca:
`ar imoZraoT aqeT-iqiT, mwkrivebi ar miatovoT da TqvenTqven adgilebze mtkiced dadeqiT. sanam brZanebas ar gavcem,
brZola ar daiwyoT. isrebi mteris moaxloebamde ar gamoiyenoT, tyuilad ar gaxarjoT. mteri fars rom gaxsnis isrebi
styorcneT da erTmaneTSi rom SemWidrovdeba qvebi dauSineT,
roca mogiaxlovdebaT, Subebi gamoiyeneT, xolo, roca mteri
Tqvens pirispir warsdgeba xmlebiT SeebrZoleT~.
amis Semdeg guSagebi daayena da sahabeebs dasvenebis neba
misca. isini, uzenaesi allahis nebiT, Rrma Zils miecnen,
rom Tvalis quTuToebsac ki ar axamxamebdnen. sayvareli
Suamavaliki misTvis xurmis totebiT gakeTebul saCrdilobelSi Sevida. jer keTilSobilma ebu beqrma, Semdeg sa’d bin
mu’azma xmlebi iSiSvles da saCrdiloblis karis win morigeoba daiwyes. allahis sayvarel Suamavalma ki madlmosili
xelebi aRapyro da Seevedra; `Cemo gamCeno, Tu Sen am erT muWa
xalxs gaanadgureb, dedamiwaze aRaravin mogemsaxureba.~
is adgili, sadac madlmosili islamis jari ganlagda, qviSiani iyo. amis gamo siaruli uZneldebodaT da fexebi qviSaSi eflobodaT. uzenaesi allahis wyalobiTa da sayvareli
n
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
Suamavlis vedrebis Semdeg im Rames Zlieri wvima daiwyo.
mdinareebi Rvarad miedineboda. wylis WurWlebi gaivso da
miwis fskeri imdenad gamagrda, rom ukve fexebi qviSaSi aRar
eflobodaT.
warmarTebi ki talaxsa da niaRvarSi darCnen. ciskris
dadgomis Semdeg allahis Suamavalma sahabeebs dilis namazi alocva. Semdeg, mtris winaaRmdeg brZolis, jihadisa
da Sehidobis saTnoeba auxsna da saomrad Semdegi sityvebiT
waaxalisa: `eWvgareSea, rom uzenaesi allahi, WeSmaritebasa
da simarTles brZanebs, misi xaTris gareSe aravis gakeTebul
sikeTes miiRebs, ecadeT, misi brZanebebi SeasruloT da gamocda warmatebiT CaabaroT. vinaidan WeSmaritia misi dapireba da
sityva, xolo sasjeli-autaneli. me da Tqven, yvelani marad
cocxal uzenaes allahze varT damikidebulni, mas mivekedleT, mas SevefareT. mas miveyrdeniT da bolos mas unda davubrundeT. uzenaesma allahma mogvitevos me da yvela muslimans!~
Zvirfasi ramazanis Tvis meCvidmete dila gaTenda. mzem
amoanaTa, cota xnis Semdeg istoriaSi yvelaze sastiki, uTanasworo, umniSvnelovanesi, da udidesi brZola unda dawyebuliyo. erTi mxares, qveynierebis sapatio Suamavali da
Tavganwiruli, didebuli erTi muWa sahabeebi iyvnen, xolo
meore mxares ki islamis erTi kovz wyalSi CaxrCobis msurveli, uzenaesi allahis sayvareli Suamavlis mosaspobad Sekrebili usamarTlo, tirani urwmunoTa jari idga. Zalian
samwuxaro iyo, rom maT Soris sayvareli Suamavlis naTesavebic imyofebodnen. isini ZmisSvilis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad mosuliyvnen.
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wminda Suamavalma jaris ganlagebas kidev erTxel gadaavlo Tvali da miTiTebebi gaimeora. am dros yureiSelma warmarTebma, romelTa umravlesobas jaWvis perangebi ecvaT,
dislokaciis adgilidan bediris velisken amayad da qedmaRlurad dineba daiwyes. isini ieriSze gadavidnen. allahis
bediris brZola
o
Suamavali keTilSobil ebu beqrTan erTad karavSi Sevida,
madlmosili xelebi aRapyro da WeSmarit allahs Seavedra:
`Cemo gamCeno ai, amayad da qedmaRlurad moemarTebian yureiSeli warmarTebi, Sens Suamavals uaryofen da orTabrZolaSi
gviwveven. Cemo allaho! gTxov, rom danapirebi daxmareba da
gamarjveba gvarguno. Sen Tu, am erTi muWa xalxis ganadgurebas inebeb , dedamiwaze Seni msaxuri aRar darCeba!~
abu beqirma is Semdegi sityvebiT anugeSa: `Cemi Tavi genacvalos allahis Suamavalo, sakmarisia amdeni vedreba,
ukve Zalian bevri evedreT gamCens, ueWvelia rom uzenaesi
allahi dapirebul gamarjvebas sul male mogapovebinebs~.
maSin kacobriobis siamayes Semdegi aiaTi gardmoevlina:
`(bedrSi) ueWvelia, es xalxi sul male, daiSleba, marcxs ganicdis, isini mibrundebian da ukan gaiqcevian. ufri sworad
maTi mTavari dasjis dro gankiTxvis dResaa. gankiTxvis dRis
tanjva ufro Semzaravi da autanelia.~2
sayvareli Suamavali didebuli jarTan mivida da maT
Semdegi wmida aiaTi waukiTxa; `o morwmuneebo! nu SedrkebiT, rodesac mtris masas SexvdebiT. uzenaesi allahi axseneT
bevrjer, raTa gadarCeT. maT mimarT, moTmena da udrekeloba
gamoiCiniT. vinaidan uzenaesi allahi momTmenebTan erTad
aris.~3 sworedac es iqneboda pirveli erToblivi brZola
mravalricxovani mtris winaaRmdeg. sadacaa brZola unda
dawyebuliyo, mRelvarebas yovelgvari zRvari gadaelaxa.
sahabeebi, yvela erTxmad, Suamavlis mier wakiTxuli wminda
aiaTs `bevrjer axsneT uzenaesi allahi~ imeorebda, Semdeg
allahis sadidebeli xmebi zecamde amaRlda.. isini uzenaes
allahs gamajvebas avedrebdnen da mxolod sayvareli Sumavlis niSans elodnen.
imdroindeli saomari wesebis mixedviT, sanam Setakeba daiwyeboda, orive mxridan ramdenime mamaci unda gamosuliyo
2. sura yameri 45-46.
3. sura enfali 45-46.
n
247
o
sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
da orTabrZola gaemarTaT. am orTabrZolis naadagze orivemxaris sabrZolo Jini da SemarTeba matulobda, magram
warmarTTagan amir bin hadramma es wesi daarRia da islamis
jars isari styorcna. isari muhajirTagan mihjas moxvda
da igi Sehidad aqcia.. misi dalocvili suli samoTxes ewvia. sayvarel Suamavalma Tanamimdevrebs pirveli Sehidis,
mihjas Sesaxeb umaxarobla da Tqva; `mihja SehidTa batonia.~
sahabeebi adgilze veRar Cerdeboda. magram wminda Suamavlisgan brZanebis miRebamde adgilidan ar iZvrodnen. yvela
maTganis sulebma vulkaniviT daiwyes duRili.
amasobaSi warmarTTa jaridan sami pirovneba win gamovidnen.. eseni iyvnen; rebiaSvilebTagan islamis dauZinebeli
mteri uTbe, Seibe da misi Svili velidi. isini muhajirebisken mibrundnen da iyvires: `Tqvens Soris aris iseTi, vinc
CvenTan orTabrZolas gabedavs?~ sahabeTagan pirvel xazze
mdgomma ebu huseifem, mamis, uTbes winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad win waiwia. win wamoiwia. allahis Suamavalma mas ubrZana:
`Sen, SeCerdi!” amis Semdeg medinel muhajirTagan afra xaTunis Svilebi: mu’azi, mauavvazi da abdullah bin revaha gamovidnen win da uTbes, Seibesa da velidis pirispir gaCerdnen. isini xmalSemarTulni, brZanebas elodnen.
warmarTebma maT hkiTxes: `vina xarT Tqven?~ `Cven medineli muslinebi varT~ miuges sahabeebma..warmarTebma uTxres:
`Cven TqvenTan araferi saqme gvaqvs! Cven abdulmuttalibis
Svilebi gvWirdeba, maTTan gvinda brZola~. Semdeg islamis
jars miubrundnen da SesZaxes: `muhammed, ar moiZebneba Sens
xalxSi iseTi vinme, vinc winaaRmdegobas gagviwevs?
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allahis sayvarelma Suamavalma brZolis velze gamosuli
es sami mamaci daloca da Txova, adgilebze dabrunebuliyvnen. Semdeg sahabeebs gadaavlo Tvali da brZana: `haSimisSvilebo! adeqiT! uzenaesi allahis sxivis, WeSmariti rjuliT
Casaqrobad mosulTa winaaRmdeg allahis gzaze ibrZoleT,
radgan sworedac amisaTvis mogevlinaT wSinda Suamavali.
bediris brZola
o
adeqi ubeide! adeqi hamza! adeqi ali!~
maSinve allahis lomebma Zvirfasma hamzam, keTilSobilma
alim da ubeidem Cafxutebi daixures da brZolis velze gavidnen. pirispir rom warsdgnen warmarTbma hkiTxes: Tqven
vin xarT? Tu Cveni Tanasworni xarT TqvenTan vibrZolebT~.
rodesac gaiges, rom mat winaaRmdeg, hamza, ali da ubeide
ibrZodnen, urwmunoebma aRniSnes: `Tqvenc CvesaviT Rirseulni xarT, mzad varT TqvenTan sabrZolvelad~. mamacma
muslimanma mujahidebma pirvel rigSi, kidev erTxel moixmes
warmarTebis islamisken, magram urwmunoebma es SeTavazeba
ar miiRes. maSin sahabeebma xmlebi iSiSvles da warmarTebs
Tavs daesxnen. Zvirfasma hamzam da keTilSobilma alim urwmuno uTbesa da velids erTi dartymiT suli gaafrTxobines, xolo . ubeidem da Seibem erTmaneTi daWres. Zvirfasi
hamza da keTilSobili ali ubeides dasaxmareblad mivardnen da Seibes suli gaafrTxobines. TanamoZme xelSi aiyvanes
da wminda SuamavlTan miiyvanes.
ubeide bin hariss koWidan sisxli sdioda. is TiTqos arafrad agdebda am mdgomareobaSi yofnas da Suamavals ekiTxeboda: `Cemi sicocxle genacvalos allahis Suamavalo! aseT
mdgomareobaSi rom movkvde, Sehidi gavxdebi? - Suamavalma
mas uTxra: `diax, Sen Sehidi gaxdebi~ da Tan samoTxe umaxarobla. (Zvirfasi ubeide brZolidan ukan dabrunebisas, safraSi gadaicvala)
am pirvel Setakebisas sami mamaci mebrZolis dakargam warmarTebi sagonebelSi Caagdo. miuxedavad amisa, ebu jehlma,
jarisTvis ganwyobis asamaRleblad, isini Semdegi sityvebiT
anugeSa: `Tqven, uTbes, Seibesa da velidis sikvdils nu miaqcevT yuradRebas, maT brZolis dros iCqares da uazrod
Seakles Tavebi. vficav, rom sanam muslimanebs ar SevipyrobT da TokebiT ar SevkoWavT, aqedan fexs ar movicvliT!
didebuli sahabeebs ki guli uZgerdaT suli misdiodaT,
Tu rodis akuwavdnen umecar warmarTebs xmlebiT. sayva- 249
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reli Suamavali ki ganuwyvetliv imeorebda Semdeg vedrebas: `Cemo allaho! gTxov danapirebi daxmareba da gamarjveba
gvarguno. Sen Tu, am erTi muWa xalxis gaanadgurebas inebeb,
dedamiwaze Seni msaxuri aRar darCeba!~
amasobaSi warmarTTa rigebidan yvelaze gambedavi, isris
saukeTeso msrolelTagani, jer kidev aramuslimani ebu beqris, vaJi gamovida da metoqed guladi da gambedavi sahabe
moiTxova. mujahidTa rigebidan erTma vinmem iSiSvla xmali
da moedanze gamovarda. es adamiani, muslimanTagan yvelaze
pirvelad islamiT gaciskrovnebuli, `siddiyi” anu simarTlismTqmelad wodebuli, Suamavlis Semdeg yvelaze upiratesi adamiani, ebu beqri iyo. igi sakuTari Svilis winaaRmdeg
sabrZolvelad gamosuliyo. magram allahis wminda Suamavali mas win aRudga da uTxra; `ebu beqr! dagaviwyda, Sen Cemi
Tvilis sinaTle da smena rom xar?~ ebu beqrma Tavi veRar
Seikava da Svils Semdegi sityvebi mimarTa;: `verago, sad gaqra Seni Cemdami kargi damokidebuleba?~
amis Semdeg
sayvareli Suamavali Zirs daixara, muWiT
qviSa aiRo, mters Seayara da Tqva: `SeurcxveT saxeebi!... Cemo
allaho! gulebSi SiSi Caugde, fexebi aukankale!~ Semdeg sahabeebs miubrunda da brZaneba gasca: `adeqiT! brZola dawyebulia, SeutieT!~ muslimebi wored am brZanebas elodnen
da maSinve wminda Suamavlis darigebebis mixedviT daiwyes
moqmedeba. allahis sadidebeli xmebi zecas swvdeboda. isrebi zuzunebda, qvebi mizans ar scdeboda, xolo Subebi ki
jaWvis perangebs apobda. uzenaes allahis loms Zvirfas hamzas, orive xelSi xmlebi ekava da ise ibrZoda, xolo keTilSobili ali, omari, Zvirfasi zubeir bin avvami, sa’d bin ebi
vayyasi ebu dujane, da abdullah bin jaSi urwmunoT musrs
avlebdnen. warmarTebi gaognebuli iyvnen, radgan TiToeuli muslimani auRebel cixesimagres hgavda. maTi allahis
sadidebeli xmebi samyaros ayruebda da urwmunoTa Tavebs
urosaviT ecemoda. Suamavali gamarjvebisaTvis allahs eve250 dreboda. keTilSobili ali gadmogvcems: `bediris brZolaSi
n
bediris brZola
o
yvelaze gambedavi da mamaci allahis Suamavali iyo, radgan
mtris mwkrivTan yvelaze axlos is idga. roca ZaliangagviWirdeboda, mas vafarebdiT Tavs~.
warmarTTa meTauri ebu jehli SuaSi moimwyvdies, erT
erTi maTganic ebu jehls daamsgavses. am uiRblos saxelad
abdullah bin munziri gaxldaT. keTilSobili ali abdullahs daesxa Tavs da ebu hejlis Tvalwin Tavi waacala. erT
maTgansac ebu qaisis forma Caacves da igi Zvirfasma hamzam
mokla.
rodesac keTilSobili ali erT warmarTs ebrZoda, am
dros urwmunom mas xmali mouqnia, xmali farSi CaerWo da
Sigve CarCa. keTilSobilma alim Tavisi xmali zufiyari (saxeli xmlisa romelsac keTilSobili ali atarebda) warmarTs
mouqnia da jaWvis perangTan erTad, mxrebidan mkerdamde
gaapo. am dros urwmonos TavTan xmalma ielva, alim Sehyvira: `aha miiRe! esec hamza bin muttalibdan!~ da urWmunos
Tavi CafxutTan erTad Zirs daeca. roca keTilSobilma alim
ukan miixeda dainaxa, rom biZamisi Zvirfasi hamza ori xmliT
ibrZoda. sayyvareli Suamavali, roca xedavda, Tu rogor mamacurad ibrZodnen sahabeebi, Tavis aRfrTovanebas Semdegi
sityvebiT gamoxatavda: `isini, dedamiwaze uzenaesi allahis
lomebi arian.~
erTxelac, allahis Suamavlis axlos mebrZol Zvirfas
uqqaSes xmali gautyda. es rom sayvarelma Suamavalma SeniSna, miwidan keti aiRo gauwoda da ubrZana: `uqqaSe! amiT
ibrZole!~ uqaSem keti gamoarTva Tu ara, is Suamavlis saswaulebrivi ZaliT maSinve moelvare da mWrel xmlad iqca.
uqaSem brZolis dasrulebamde, am xmliT ramdenime warmarTi gamoasalma sicocxles.
allahis sayvareli Suamavali Tan ibrZoda da Tanac, sahabeebis mRelvarebis gaZlierebis gamo, am wminda hadiss kiTxulobda: `yovlis SemZle uzenaes allahs vficav, rom dRes,
vinc WeSmariti allahis kmayofilebis mopovebis imediT, med-
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grad da moTminebiT ibrZvis da daiRupeba, uzenaesi allahi
mas samoTxiT daajildoebs.~ am Zvirfasi sityvebis gamgoni,
umeir bin humami ambobda: `ra lamazia! ra kargia! samoTxeSi
SesvlisaTvis Sehidad dacemis garda, araferi yofila saWiro~ da mters meti TavgamodebiT ebrZoda, Tanac allahis
Suamavlis sityvebs imeorebda: `uzenaesi allahTan ara materialuri sagzliT, aramed, mxolod misi SiSiT, keTili saqmis keTebiT, jihadSi moTminebiTa da Seudrekeli brZoliT,
mivalT”. ase ibrZoda umeiri manam, sanam Sehidad daeca.
brZola sakmaod gamwvavebuliyo!... erT sahabes, sul mcire, sami warmarTi esxmoda Tavs. TiToeul maTganze calkcalke xmlis miswrebisTvis mzrunav eshabi qirams araferi
aSinebda. muslimebi `allahu eqbe allahi eqber~ iZaxdnen
da xelaxla ikrebdnen Zalebs. ar bezrdebodaT brZola da
Seteva. am dros warmarTebis ieriSebi sastiki gaxda da muslimebi mZime mdgomareobaSi Cavardnen.
amasobaSi allahis sayvareli Suamavali keTilSobil ebu
beqrTan erTad xurmis totebiT gakeTebul karavSi Sevida
da isev uzenaes allahs Seevedra: `yovlis gamCeno da batonpatrono! gTxov, gviwyalobo danapirebi daxmareba!~ am dros
mas zeSTagoneba gardmoevlina: `im dros, Tqven yovlis SemZle allahs daxmarebas da gamarjvebas avedrebdiT. man ismina
Tqveni vedreba. ueWvelad me erTi erTmaneTis miyolebiT aTasi
angeloziT gexmarebiT~.4 zeTSagonebis miRebis Semdeg sayvareli Suamavali maSinve fexze wamodga da ebu beqrs axara:
`ebu beqr, gaixareT! mogviswro uzenaesi allahis damarebam!
ai es jibrilia, qviSis gorakebze dgas, iaraRasxmuli, cxeni
aRviriT uWiravs xelSi da brZanebas elodeba~.
WeSmaritma allahma sura `enfalSi~ angelozebs ubrZana:
`gaxsovT gamCenma angelozebs (muslimanebis daxmarebisa da
gamarjvebis Sesaxeb) mec TqvenTan erTad varo, STaagona. wadiT morwmunebTan da (gamarjveba umaxarobleT) simtkice
252 4. sura enfali, aiaTi 9.
n
bediris brZola
o
STaagoneT. me ki urwmunoTa gulebs SiSis zars davcem, Tqven
ki scemeT kisersa da TiToeul TiTis wverSi. (yvela saxsarSi)
vinaidan maT uzenaesi allahi da Tavisi Suamavali uarhyves.
vinc allahisa da Tavis Suamavalis winaaRmdeg gamovides da
uarhyos, (daisjeba) uzenaesi allahis sasjeli umZimesia~.5
am brZanebis Semdeg jebrail miqail da israfil mTavarangelozebma aTas-aTasi angelozTan erTad sayvareli Suamavlis marjvniv da marcxniv daikaves adgilebi. jibril angelozs yviTeli, xolo danarCen angelozebs Tavze TeTri
Calmebi hqondaT Semoxveuli. Calmis boloebi ukan hqondaT
gadagdebuli. isini TeTr cxenebze iyvnen amxedrebulni.
qveynierebis batonmasahabeebs mimarTa: `angelozebs niSani
aqvT. Tqvenc raime niSani gaikeTeT~. zubeir bin avvamma Calmis
saxiT Tavze yviTeli, ebu dujanem ki wiTeli naWeri moixvies. keTilSobilma alim TeTri jiRa (TmaSi gasabnevi frTa,
qoCori), xolo Zvirfasma hamzam ki mkerdze siraqlemis frTa
gaikeTa.
brZolaSi angelozebis monawileobam viTareba erbaSad
Secvala. sanam muslimebi urwmunoT xmals mouqnevdnen, manamde am ukanasknelTa Tavebi sxeulebs wydeboda da Zirs
ecemoda. Canda Tu rogor ibrZodnen ucnobebi warmarTebis
winaaRmdeg, allahis Suamavlis marjvniv, marcxniv, win da
ukan.
Zvirfasi selhi mogiTxrobs: `bediris brZolaSi sanam TiToeuli Cvenganis xmali mizans miaRwevda, urwmunoTa Tavebi
manamde ecemoda miwaze.
ebu jehlis sikvdili
warmarTTa medroSe ebu azizi tyved Cavarda. jaris sardali ebu jehli ki yuraiSebis gasamxneveblad leqsebs kiTxulobda da mebrZolTa ganwyobis asamaRleblad zrunavda.
5. sura enfali 12-13.
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ambobda, dedam am dReebisTvis mSobao, trabaxobda da axalgazrdebs aqezebda.
warmarTTagan ubeide bin sa’ids Tavidan bolomde jaWvis
perangi ecva da mxolod Tvalebi mouCanda. cxenze amxedrebuli xan iqeT xan aqeT trialebda da yvelas orTabrZolaSi
iwvevda. mamaci mujahidi, Zvirfasi zubeir bin avvammi mas
miuaxlovda, Subi zustad TvalSi daumizna, `allahu eqber”
warmoTqva da styorcna. mizanSi moxvedrilma Subma urwmuno cxenidan Camoagdo. Zvirfama zubeirma maSinve masTan miirbina, magram ubeide ukve mkvdari iyo. fexi loyaze daado,
mTeli ZaliT moqaCa, magram Subis amoZroba gauZnelda.
zubeirma bediris brZolaSi udidesi simamace gamoiCina.
mTeli misi sxeuli WrilobebiT iyo dafaruli. amis Sesaxeb
misi vaJi mogviTxrobs: `mamaCemma xmliT sami Zlieri dartyma miiRo. erTi Wriloba kiserSi hqonda, is imdenad Rrma
iyo, rom Sig TiTis Cayofa SeiZleboda~.
abdurrahman bin avfs brZolis dros miRebuli Wrilobebidan sisixli sdioda, magram is amas ver amCnevda da yvela
Semxvedr warmarTs Zirs anarcxebda. Zvirfasi abdurrahmani
Tavisi TvaliT danaxul, erT-erT sabrZolo epizodze ase
mogviTxrobs:
`ertxelac, Cems win aRaravin iyo darCenili. irgvliv mimovixede mimovixede da or ensar movhkari Tvali. mindoda im
mamacebTan erTad vyofiliyavi. erT-erTi maTganisken Tvali
gameqca, is momibrunda da mkiTxa: `biZaCemo, ebu jehils
icnob”? _ diax vicnob-meTqi, vupasuxe da vkiTxe: `Cemo ZmisSvilo, ebu jehli rad ginda?~ man mipasuxa: `rogorc gavige,
is allahis Suamavals aginebs. vficav allahs, Tu vnaxe, sanam
ar movklav, an ar Sevakvdebi manamde ar movSordebi~. Zalian
gamaxara am axalgazrdi aseTma mtkice gadawyvetilebam.
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amis Semdeg, meore axalgazrdam Semomxeda da igive kiTxva damisva, rac pirvelma. am dros ebu jehli davinaxe! is
bediris brZola
o
yureiSelTa Soris aqet-iqiT darboda. am axalgazrdebs masze vaniSne Tu ara, maSinve xmlebi iSiSvles, ebu jehlTan
mividnen da brZola gamarTes. es axalgazrdebi afra xaTunis
Svilebi, Zmebi mu’azi da mu’avvezi iyvnen.
amasobaSi sahabeTagan mamacma mu’az bin amirma ebu jehlTan misasvlelad dro ixelTa. grZelkuda cxenze amxedrebul ebu jehls daesxa Tavs da mTeli Zal-RoniT fexze dasca xmali da kiduri moaWra. am dros mamas dasaxmareblad
miuswro iqrimem, romelic maSin jer kidev ar iyo muslimani
da mu’azs SeebrZola.
maSin Zmebma, mu’azma da mu’avvezma win waiwies, yvela Semxvedri urwmuno Zirs daanarcxes da bolos ebu jehlTan miaRwies. imden xans urtyamdnen xmlebs, sanam mis sikvdilSi
ar darwmundnen
iqrimesTan mebrZoli muaz bin amiri ki mklavSi daiWra,
xolo xeli majaSi ise hqonda mokveTili, rom xelis mtevani mxolod kanze iyo Camokidebuli. orTabrZolaSi Cabmul mu’az bin amirs xelis Sexvevis dro ar hqonda. aseT mdgomareobaSic ki is mamacurad ibrZoda. `allahi udidesia~
es raoden Zlieri rwmenaa! es ra sanaxaoba iyo! Zvirfasma
mu’azma ramdenime xans ase ibrZola, magram bolos SeamCnia,
rom moxerxebulad ver moqmedebda, amis mizezi ki kanze Camokidebuli, mokveTili xeli iyo. man xelis mtevans maSinve
fexi daabija, sxeulidan moiwyvita da gadaagdo.
islamis umowyalo da sastiki mteri nevfel bin huveilidi
yuraiSebis yvelaze Zlieri falavani iyo. gauCereblad yviroda da zrunavda imaze, rom warmarTTa jogi brZolisken
ufro metad waeqezebina. sayvareli Suamavali, misi aseTi
saqcieli rom SeniSna, allahs Seevedra: `Cemo allaho! damexmare nevfel bin huveilidis winaaRmdeg. mas Sen gadauxade
samagiero~. uzenaesi allahis lomma, keTilSobilma alim
warmarTi nevfeli rom dainaxa maSinve Tavs daesxa da xmali
Casca. dartyma imdenad Zlieri aRmoCnda, javSniT dafaru-
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li orive fexi erTad mohkveTa. Semdeg xmali kiserze Semohkra da Tavi sxeuls moaglija.
umeie bin halefi, romelmac bilali habeSi gaxurebul qviSaze daawvina da mkerdze didi qvebi daawyo, warmarTTagan
yvelaze sastiki dadaundobeli iyo. es islamis didi mteri
romelmac allahis sayvareli Suamavlis wvalebisTvis xelsayreli momenti gamoiyena, bediris velze islamis sxivis
Casaqrobad ibrZoda. rodesac is bilalma SeniSna, gaSiSvlebuli xliT mis win aRimarTa da uTxa: `urwmunoTa Tavo,
umeiie bin halef! Tu am brZolaSi gadarCebi, maSin me sicocxle ar minda!~. rogorc ki es sityvebi warmoTqva maSinve
Tavs daesxa da Tan daiZaxa: `Zmebo modiT, urwmunoTa winamZRoli aq aris!” muslimebma umeiies maSinve alya Semoartyes
da sul gaafrTxobines.
warmarTTa jars ukve sardali aRar darCenoda. aravin
icoda ra ekeTebinaT da saiTkenac moaxerxebdnen, kudamoZuebulni iqiTken garbodnen. sahabeebi maT gamoedevnen da
bevri maTgani tyved Caigdes. tyveta Soris sayvareli Suamavlis biZa, abasic aRmoCnda.
gamarjveba morwmuneebisaa…
sayvarelma wminda muhammed Suamavalma ikiTxa: `nevfel bin
huveilidis Sesaxeb iciT vinmem rame?~ keTilSobili ali win
gamovida da Tqva: `allahis Suamavalo is me movkali!~ am
ambavma wminda Suamavali Zalian gaaxara, allahi adida da
aRniSna: `uzenaesma allahma mis mimarT gakeTebuli vedreba
ismina.~
umeiie bin halefi mokvlis ambavi yvelas gauxara da erTxmad warmoTqves: `madloba yovlisSemZle samyaros gamCensa da
mis baton-patron allahs! man daamtkica Tavisi didebuleba,
rjuli ki upiratesad cno~.
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ukeTilSobiles Suamavalma ikiTxa: `vin wava da gaigebs ra
bediris brZola
o
bedi ewia ebu jehls?~ man mkvdrebs Soris misi moZebna brZana.
eZebes magram ver ipoves. Suamavalma isev brZana: `moZebneT,
mis Sesaxeb raRac minda vTqva. Tu is ver icaniT, muxlze Wrilobis kvals daakvirdiT. erT dRes me da is abdullah bin judanis mosanaxuleblad wavediT. orive axalgazrdebi viyaviT.
is Cemze odnav umcrosi iyo. roca Semawuxa, xeli vkari. muxlebze daeca da erT muxli dauzianda da misi kvali dRemde
darCa~.
abdullah ibni mes’udi allahis Suamavlis davalebis Sesasruleblad wavida, is daWrili ipova da icno: `Sen, xar ebu
jehli”? Semdeg kiserze fexi daado, wverze xeli mohkida da
uTxra; `uzenaesi allahis mtero, bolosdabolos araraobad, mdabiod xom gaqcia allahma~. ebu jehlma uTxra: ` me
ratom unda damamdablos da araraobad maqcios, cxvris mwyemso? miTxari dRes vin gaimarjva?~ Zvirfasma ibni mesudma
miugo: `dRes gamarjveba allahsa da mis sayvarel Suamvals
darCaT~ Semdeg ebu jehls fari Tavidan moaSora da uTxra:
`ebu jehl, unda mogkla!~ abu jehilma upasuxa:`Sen ar xar
is, vinc tomisa da jaris sardals moklavs magram rac unda
iyos kiseri mkerdTan axlos momkveTe rom Cemi Tavi didi
da warmosadegi gamoCndes~. ase gamoxata sikvdilis win Tavisi usazRvro ampartavnoba urwmunoTa winamZRolma.
ibni me’udma ebu jehls kiseri Tavisi xmliT rom ver mokveTa, misi aiRo da islamis mters Savi gaagdebina. Semdeg
iaraRi, jaWvis perangi, fari da Tavi miitana, sayvareli
Suamavalis win dado da uTxra: `allahis Suamavalo, es ebu
jehlis Tavia~. Suamavalma rom dainaxa Tqva: `allahis garda
sxva RvTaeba ar arsebobs~
Semdeg wamodga da sahabeebTan
erTad ebu jehlis cxedarTan mivida. iq allahs madloba
gadauxada danapirebi gamo da warmosTqva: `madloba uzenaes
allahs, rom Sen dagamcira da Segarcxvina. allahis mtero,
Sen am xalxis faraoni iyavi~.
allahis sayvarelma Suamavalma daWril sahabeebs Wrilo-
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bebi Seuxvia. Sehidad dacemulTa ricxvi dadginda. muhajirTagan eqvsi xolo ensarTagan ki rva aResrula Sehidad. yvela maTganis sulebi samoTxiT dajildovda. xolo islamis
sxivis Caqrobis msurvel warmarTTagan samocdaaTi iyo mokluli da kidev erTi amdeni tyved iqna ayvanili.
medinelebisTvis gamarjveba rom exarebina, amisaTvis allahis sayvarelma Suamavalma abdullah bin revaha gaagzavna.
wminda Suamavalma Sehidad dacemulTaTTvis namazi alocva
da Semdeg isini saflavebs miabares. xolo warmarTTa cxedarTagan 24 brma ormoSi, xolo danarCeni, yvela erTad ormoSi Caagdes da miwa daayares.
amis Semdeg kacobriobis siamaye didebul sahabeebTan
erTad ormosTan mivida da brZana: `o ormoSi Cayrilno!~
Semdeg moklulTa saxelebi da mamis saxelbTan erTad CamoTvala: `uTbe bin rebia! umeiie bin halef! ebu jehl bin hiSam! ra borotni iyaviT, Tqven Suamavlis winaSe. Tqven me uarmyaviT xolo sxvebma ki maRiares da mirwmunes. Tqven sakuTari
samSoblodan, qalaqidan gamndevneT, sxvebma ki karebi gamires
da Semifares, Tqven Cems winaaRmdeg ibrZodiT, sxvebi ki mexmarebodnen. xom ewvieT imas, rasac gamCeni gpirdebodaT? me ki
gamCenis dapirebuli gamarjveba movipove!~
keTilSobilma omarma mas hkiTxa: `allahis Suamavalo!
am sityvebs amZorebulebs eubnebi?~ wminda Suamavalma miugo: `me maT, Cemi WeSmarit Suamavlad momvleneli gamCenis
gulisTvis veubnebi. vinaidan Tqven Cemi maTze ukeT ar gesmiT,
magram ver mpasuxoben~.
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warmarTebi brZolis velidan sulis gadasarCenad Tavqudmoglejili garbodnen, amitomac ukan rac hqondaT, ukan
veraferi waiRes. mat qonebas muslimanebi daepatronen. sayvarelma Suamavalma bedris brZolidan wamoRebuli nadavli
sahabeebsa da brZolaSi monawileebs dauriga.
bediris brZola
o
amasobaSi samaxaroblo ambis misatad gagzavnilebi, abdullah bin revaha da zeid bin harise, kvira diliT, medinas
miuaxlovdnen. qalaqTan axlos, aqiqSi gaiyo maTi gzebi. erT
mxridan abdullah bin ravahi, xolo meore mxridan zeid
bin harise Sevidnen qalaqSi. isini kardakar dadiodnen da
gamarjvebis ambavs yvelas atyobinebdnen.acnobebdnen. Şiir
var burada,,,
Zvirfasma aasim bin adiem ikiTxa: ibni revaha! simarTlea,
rasac ambob?~ `diax allahs vficav, rom es simarTlea. xval,
allahis Suamavali xelebSekrul tyveebTan erTad mova~. _
upasuxa revaham.
im dRes allahis Suamavlis qaliSvili, ruqie gardacvliliyo. keTilSobilma osmanma micvalebulis namazi aloca.
es mwuxareba gamarjvebis ambis SetyobiT gamowveulma sixarulma odnav gaaqarwyla.
allahis sayvarelma Suamavalma sahabeebTan erTad bediris
brZolaSi, gamarjvebis mwyalobel, uzenaes allahs uamravi
madloba gadauxada, sejde gaakeTa da Semdeg yvela erTad
Suqmofenil medinasaken gaudgnen gzas.
ufro adre, medinaSi gamarjvebis maxaroblebma, abdullah bin revaham da zeid bin harisem iq myofT, auwyes, Tu
vin monawileobda bediris brZolaSi da maTgan vin daeca
Sehidad. medinaSi sxvadasxva movaleobis Sesasruleblad
darCenilT, qalebsa da bavSvebs warmarTTa marcxi Zalian
gauxardaT da sayvareli Suamavlis dasaxvedrad wavidnen.
Sehidad dacemulTa rigebSi harise bin suraqac iyo. roca
Zvirfasi harises dedas rebis, acnobes rom, Seni vaJi mtris
isriT, auzidan wylis dalevis dros Sehodad daecao, man
Tqva: `sanam allahis Suamavali, Svils ar davitireb. rodesac is medinaSi mobrZandeba, mas vkiTxav. Tu Cemi Svili
samoTxiTaa dajildoebuli maSin cremlsac ar davRvri, magram Tuki jojoxeSia maSin imdens vitireb, rom Tvalebidan
cremlebis nacvlad, sisxls davRvri~.
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roca sayvareli Suamavali didebul sahabeebTan erTad
medinaSi dabrunda, Zvirfasi harises deda, rebi mis winaSe
warsdga da uTxra: `allahis Suamavalo, kargad iciT, Tu
rogor miyvarda Cemi Svili harise. netav, Sehidad dacemis mere samoTxiT dajildovda? Tu asea, miTxari da amas
avitan, xolo Tu ase ar aris, maSin Tvalebidan cremlis
nacvlad sisxli unda davRvaro~. ukeTilSobiles Suamavalma Svilmkvdar dedas umaxarobla: `ummu harise, Seni Svili
ara erT aramed bevr samoTxeSia. misi samyofeli firdevsia~.
Semdegkacobriobis siamyem WurWliT wyali moataniana, Sig
Tavisi madlmosili xeli Cado, Semdeg es wyali Zvirfasi harises dedasa da das daalevina, garda amisa, es wyali maT saxeze da Tavze apkura. im dRis Semdeg rebis da mis qaliSvils
saxe sxiviviT ubrwyinavdaT.
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allahis ukeTilSobilesma Suamavalma medinaSi moyvanili
samocdaaTi tyve, sahabeTa Soris gaanawila da maT mimarT
kargad mopyroba brZana. Tu rogori iqneboda tyveebis momavali, amis Sesaxeb uzenaesi allahis brZaneba jer ar iyo
gardmovlenili. am sakiTxze allahis wminda Suamavalma sahabeebTan moiTaTbira da gadawyda, rom tyveebs gamosasyidi
sanacvlod gaaTavisuflebdnen... yoveli maTgans maTi qonebis Sesabamisad gamosasyidi daudgines. maT, romelTac amis
SesaZlebloba ar hqondaT, uswavleli muslimebisTvis werakiTxva unda eswavlebinaT da samSobloSi dabrunebis nebas
mxolod amis Semdeg miiRebdnen. tyveTa Soris myof biZa, abbass Suamavalma ase mimarTa: `abbas! SenTvis, Senma ZmiSvilma
uyail (aqil) bin ebi talibma da nevfel bin harisma gamosasyidi
Tanxa unda gadaixadon, radgan Sen mdidari xar. abassma miugo:
`me muslimani var, yuraiSebma bediris brZolaSi monawileobis miReba maiZules~. ZmiSvilma mas uTxra: `Seni muslimanoba
mxolod gamCenma RmerTma icis, Tu simarTles ambob, uzenaesi
allahi sanacvlo madls mogcems, magram rac aSkarad aris is,
rom Cven winaaRmdeg ibrZvi, amitomac gamosayidi Tanxa unda
gadaixado~. `allahis Suamavalo! Tqven mier nadavlis saxiT
bediris brZola
o
aRebul 800 dirhemze meti fuli ar maqvs~. _ `abbas! magis
garda, sxva oqroc rom gaqvs, ratom malav?~ _ `romel oqros
gulisxmob?~ _ `gaixsene meqqadan saomrad wamosvlis dRe, danarCeni oqro, meuRle, ummu efdals rom dautove da daubare:
`am brZolaSi ar vici ra bedi mewveva, Tuki raime SememTxva da
ukan veRar davbrundi, oqro Sens, abdullahs, ubeidullahs,
qusems Soris gaanawile~.
abbasi ZmiSvils gancvifrebuli usmenda, Semdegki uTxra:
`vficav roca es oqro meuRles davutove maSin CvenTan aravin ar iyo. Sen saidan gaige?~ - `uzenaesma allahma macnoba~ _
upasuxa allahis wminda Suamavalma. abbasam saswauliT gaognebulma abbasma qelimei SehadeTi warmosTqva da islamiT
gaciskrovnda. gamulimanebis Semdeg meqqaSi wasvla, iqauri
muslimanebis dacva da islamis mtrebis Sesaxeb ambebis motana daevala.
bediris brZolis Semdeg, damarcxebul yuraiSebs amcnes,
rom gamosasyidi Tanxis sanacvlod, maT TavianTi tyveebi
wayvana SeeZloT. muslimebma, nadr bin hariss, romelic hijreTamde sayvarel Suamavals Zalian awvalebda, Tavi mohkveTes. garda amis mokluli iqna mdabio, uqbe bin ebu muaiTi, romelmac wminda Suamavals qabeSi namazis Sesrulebis
dros aqlemis Sigani madlmosil zurgze daado. roca, islamis dauZinebeli mtrebis Tavebi sxeuls moaciles sayvarelma Suamavalma uzenaes allahs madloba Seswira da maT
cxedrebs mimarTa: `vficav allahs, rom uzenaesi allahis,
misi Suamavlisa da wminda yuranis uarmyofi, Suamavlis yvelaze didi mwamebeli, Sens garda, aravin minaxavs~.
gamosasyidis gadaxdamde tyveebi didebul sahabeebTan
darCnen. TiToeuli sahabe tyveebs Zalian kargad eqceoda da
ufro metic, saWmels maTTan erTad Wamda... musab bin umeiris Zma, ebu azizi tyveebs Soris iyo. is mogviTxrobs: `mec,
erT-erTi medinelis saxlSi tyved viyavi, Zalian kargad meqceodnen, diliT da saRamos SeWamandsa da purs maZlevd-
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nen. TviTon ki zogjer iZulebulni iyvnen, mxolod xurma
eWamaT. rogorc ki puris naWers iSovidnen, maSinve me momitandnen. mrcxvenoda da momtans ukan vubrunebdi, magram ar
marTmevda.
kidev erTi tyve, yuraiSi iezidi mogviTxrobs: `muslimanebma bediridan medinaSi ukan dabrunebisas Cven aqlemebze
da cxenebze Segvsves, TviTon ki fexiT wamovidnen~.
bediris brZolaSi warmarTebis damarcxebam da brZolis
velidan samarcxvino gaqcevam, meqqaSi didi dabneuloba gamoiwvia. es xom maTTvis warmoudgeneli da moulodneli ambavi iyo. pirveli macnes sityvebi ebu lehebma da sxva warmarTebma ar daijeres. roca brZolis velidan gamoqceuli
ebu sufeani meqqaSi mivida, ebu lehebma maSinve daibara da
hkiTxa: `Cemo ZmisSvilo, moyevi, aba, ra xdeba?~ ebu sufeani
iqve erT kuTxeSi dajda, sxva danarCenebi ki fexze idgnen da
usmendnen. ebu sufeanma Tqva:
`nu mkiTxav, roca muslimanebis winaaRmdeg brZola daviwyeT, TiTqos xel-fexi Sekruli gvqonda. rogorc maT
undodaT, ise moqmedebdnen. ramdenime mebrZoli mogvikles,
xolo nawili ki tyves Caigdes. vficav, Cven mebrZolebs ar
varcxven, radgan im dros casa da dedamiwas Soris cxenebze
amxedrebul TeTr samoselSi Cacmuli ucnobebs vebrZodiT.
maT verc veraferi akavebdaT da verc veravin ebrZoda~.
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iqve imyofeboda da saubars wynarad usmenda, abbasis mona,
ebu raafi, romelic, miuxedvad imisa, rom ukve didi xnis gamuslimanebuli iyo, amas warmarTebisgan mosalodneli risxvis gamo, aSkarad ver amxelda. tanamoZmeta warmatebis ambavi
rom gaigo, sixarulisgan yvelaferi daaviwyda da wamoiZaxa:
`vficav allahs, isini angelozebi iqnebodnen~. ebu lehebma
mas sila gaawna, Zirs daanarcxa da umowyalod scema. amas,
iqve myofma, abbasis meuRle, ummu fadlma ver gauZlo, radgan isic farulad gamuslimanebuliyo. maSinve sveti aiRo da
sityvebiT `radgan uTvistomoa, imitom scem, ara?”, mTeli
bediris brZola
o
ZaliT, daundoblad ebu lehebs TavSi uTavaza. warmarTTa
erT-erTma Tavkacma TavSi didi Wriloba miiRo, dasisxlianebuli, damcirebuli, abuCad agdebuli mibrunda da saxlSi
wavida. Svidi dRis Semdeg, RvTis nebiT, Savi Wiri Seeyara da
mokvda. misma vaJebma ori Tu sami dRe ar daasaflaves, ris
gamoc misma gvamma gaxrwna daiwyo. yvela gaurboda da zizRis TvaliT uyurebda ebu lehebis daavadebas. erT-erTma
yuraiSma ebu lehebis vaJebi Searcxvina da uTxra: `sircxvili Tqven, rogor ar grcxveniaT? sanam mamaTqveni amyraldeboda, manamde saxlSi datoveT. sul rom araferi gaakeToT,
sadme mainc CamarxeT~. ebu lehebis Svilebma upasuxes: `Cven
gveSinia, rom misi daavadeba gadagvedeba!~ am kacma gvamis
damarxvaSi maT daxmareba SeTavaza. samivem cxedari waiRes,
moSorebul adgilas datoves da zemodan imdeni qva daayares, rom gvami aRar gamoCeniliyo. ebu lehebma amgvarad maradiuli tanjvisa da cecxlis jojoxeTis ormoSi gadasaxlda.
tyved Cavardnil yuraiSTa Soris velid bin veldic iyo.
is abdullah bin jaSs aeyvana tyved. veldis Zmebi hiSami
da jer kidev aramuslimani halid bin velidi medinaSi movidnen. abdullahma gamosasyidis gadaxdis gareSe gaTavisufleba ar isurva. halid bin velidi mzad iyo gamosasyidi
gadaexada, magram amaze velidis naxevarZma hiSami ar Tanxmdeboda. maSin allahis Suamavalma, gamosasyidis saxiT maTi
winaprebisagan darCenili iaraRis datoveba seTavaza. . am
SemoTavazebas hiSami daeTanxma, magram am jerad halid bin
velidi iyo uarze, magram bolos isic daTanxmada da abdulah bin jaSs mamisgan darCenili 100 dinarad Sefasebuli
xmali, jaWvis perangi da fari gadasces. velidi tyveobidan gaTavisuflda da meqqas gzas daadga, magram cota xnis
Semdeg medinadan gamosul ramdenimekacian jgufs gamoeyo,
SuamavalTan dabrunda islami miiRo da sahabeTa rigebs SeuerTda. gamuslimanebidan ramodenime Tvis Semdeg meqqaSi,
ZmasTan, halid bin velidTan Cavida. Zmam hkiTxa: `Tu mainc
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unda gamuslimanebuliyavi sanam gamosasyids gadavixdidiT
es manamde gagekeTebina, mamaCvenisgan saxsovari xelidan
waggvlije. es ratom gaakeTe”? velidma miugo: `ar mindoda
yuraiSebs ar eTqvaT, tyveobas ver gauZlo da muhammeds
imitom daemorCilao”
am pasuxma velidis Zmebi Zalian gaabraza da igi manzumis
SvilebTan, iaS bin ebi rebiasa, seleme bin hiSamTan da kidev
ramdenime muslimantan erTad daatusaRes. velid bin velidma islamis rwmenis gamo ramdenime weli satusaRoSi gaatara. igi islamis dauZinebel mtrebma, warmarTma neTesavebma
bevri awvales. allahis sayvarelma Suamavalma iaS bin rebias, seleme bin hiSamisa da velid bin velidisTvis Semdegi
vedreba aRavlina: `Cemo allaho! iaS bin rebia, seleme bin hiSami, velid bin velidi da sxva morwmuneebi gadaarCine. yuraiSebs ufro cudi dRe daatexe Tavs!~ velidma wminda Suamavlis
vedrebis wayalobiT xelsayreli momenti ipova da gaqceva
moaxerxa. igi Suqmofenil medinaSi mivida da wminda Suamavalis winaSe warsdga. Suamavalma mas iaSesa da selemes Sesaxeb
hkiTxa. velidma upasuxa: `isini fexebiT arian erTmaneTze
gadabmulni da urwmunoebi maT Zalian awameben~.
qveynierebis sulTani Tanamimdevrebis aseT mdgomareobaSi yofnam Zalian daamwuxra da maTi daxsnis gzebis Zebna
daiwyo. roca ikiTxa, vin SeZlebs maT gadarCenaso, mravali
wlis ganmavlobaSi urwmunoTagan tanjva-wamebas gamovlilma velidma, didi gambedaobiTa da simamaciT upasuxa: `allahis Suamavalo! maT, me gadavarCen da aq mogiyvan”. is meqqaSi
dabrunda, viTareba gaarkvia da gaigo, rom tyveebs erTi
qali saWmels uzidavda. oriveni im SenobaSi iyvnen datusarebulni, romelsac saxuravi ar hqonda. RamiT, velidi didi
riskis fasad, kedlidan CaZvra da megobrebTan mivida. maT,
garda imisa, rom islami wamdaT, sxva danaSauli ar gaaCndaT.
magram daundobel da umowyalo warmarTTa mier qvaze mibmulni arabeTis mxurvale mzis qveS saSinlad itanjebodnen.
264 velidma Zvirfasi megobrebi Senobidan gamoiyvana, aqlemeb-
n
bediris brZola
o
ze Sesva da Tavad fexSiSveli, medinasaken maT win wauZRva.
velids ar awuxebda udabnos saSineli sicxe, mas mxolod
allahis sayvareli Suamavlis siyvaruli swvavda.
mSieri-mwyurvali, fexSiSveli sam dReSi mivida medinaSi.
TiTebi qvebiT hqonda daCexili. allahis wminda SuamavalTan aseTi dasisxlianebuli mivida.
rodesac, eTiopiis xelmwifem nejaSma allahis Suamavlis
gamarjvebis Sesaxeb gaigo, maSinve Tavis saxelmwifoSi myof
sahabeebTan mivida da umaxarobla: `madloba uzenaes allahs, Suamavals bedirSi gamarjveba uwyaloba.~
keTilSobili alisa da Zvirfasi fatimas qorwineba
emigraciis meore weli idga. qveynierebis ukeTilSobilesi Suamavlis qaliSvili fatima TxuTmeti wlis Sesrulda.
erT mSvenier dRes Zvirfasi fatima raRac saqmisTvis wminda Suamavlis winaSe warsdga. mamam dainaxa, rom misi Zvirfasi qaliSvili ukve qorwinebis asaks iyo miRweuli. amis
Semdeg Zvirfas fatimaze daqorwinebis survili bevrma gamoTqva. allahis Suamavali maT aranair yuradRebas aqcevda
da acxadebda: `misi qorwinebis sakiTxi allahis brZanebazea
damokidebuli~.
erT dResac ebu beqri, omari da sa’d bin mu’azi meCeTSi
isxdnen da saubrobdnen. Zvirfasi fatimas xeli, keTilSobil alis garda, yvelam Txova magram maT uari miiRes. keTilSobilma ebu beqr siddiyma (simarTlis mTqmelma)Tqva:
`rogorc vfiqrob, am saqmeSi alis gaumarTlebs. modiT is
movinaxuloT da es sakiTxi gadavwyvitoT. Tu ali siRaribis
gamo fatimastan qorwinebaze uars ganacxadebs, davexmaroT
mas~. sa’dma ebu beqrs uTxra: `Sen syovelTvis sikeTes akeTeb. adeqi, wavideT, Cvenc gamogyvebiT~. samive erTad meCeTidan gamovidnen da pirdapir keTilSobili alis saxlSi wavidnen. mas ki am dros aqlemi waeyvana da erT erTi ensaris
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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xurmis baRs rwyavda. stumrebi rom SeniSna, maSinve maTtan
mivida, da mosvlis mizezi hkiTxa. keTilSobilma ebu beqrma
uTxra: “ali, yovel keTil saqmes win Sen uZRvebi da ukeTilSobilesi Suamavlis winaSec sxvebze gasnakuTrebuli adgili
giWiravs. Zvirfas fatimas TiTqmis yvelam vTxoveT xeli,
magram man aravis mogvaqcia yuradReba. vfiqrobT, rom Sen
am saqmeSi gagimarTlebs. beds ratom ar cdidi?~
keTilSobilma alis am sityvebis mosmenis Semdeg Tvalebi
cremliT aevso da Tqva: `ebu beqr, Zalian damwvi Seni sityvebiT. misi colad moyvana Cemze metad aravis surs, magram
gaWirveba amis Tqmis gambedaobas ar maZlevs~. keTilSobilma ebu beqrma miugo: `ase anu ityvi! roca uzenaesi allahi
da misi sayvareli Suamavali Sens gverdSi arian, amqveyanaze
araferSi gagiWirdeba. am saqmes siRaribe ver Seaferxebs.
midi da Txove xeli!~
keTilSobili ali mogviTxrobs: `allahis SuamavalTan moridebulad da mokrZalebiT Sevedi. is Zalian dinjad da
darbaislurad gamoiyureboda. masTan davjeqi, magram laparaki ver SevZeli. Suamavalma mkiTxa: `ratom moxvedi, rame
gWirdeba?~ _ gavCumdi. man gaagrZela: `rogorc Cans, fatimas
xelis saTxovnelad moxvedi~ `diax~- Zlivs SevZeli pasuxis
gacema. (roca sayvarel Suamavals Zvirfasi fatimas xelis
saTxovnelad mosvlis Sesaxeb amcno, isic gaCumda. Suamavalma mkiTxa: `fatimasTvis mihris (urvadi, muslimani mamakacis TanxmobiT niqaxis (kononieri, oficialuri qorwineba)
dros sacoleze misacemi fuli an qoneba) saxiT ras miscem?~
`misTvis misacemi araferi gamaCnia, allahis Suamavalo~ _ me
rom “huTami” jaWvis perangi mogeci, sad waiRe? _ `aq maqvs” _
`eg gayide da fuli momitane, mihris saxiT sakmarisi iqneba.~
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erT-erTi sxva gadmocemis mixedviT roca sayvarelma Suamavalma hkiTxa, ra gagaCniao, alim miugo, cxeni da jaWvis
perangi maqvso. Suamavalma uTxra: `cxeni gWirdeba, jaWvis
perangi ki gayide.~
bediris brZola
o
keTilSobili ali, sanam daqorwindeboda, sayvarel SauamavalTan cxovrobda. magram daqorwinebis Semdeg mesjidi
nebevTan (Suamavlis meCeTi) axlos, Zvirfasi aiSes oTaxis
pirdapir haris bin numanis saxli iqirava, jaWvis perangi
ki keTilSobil osmans 480 dirhemad mihyida, Tumca osmanma
igi cota xnis Semdeg saCuqris saxiT keTilSobil alis ukan
daubruna.
Semdeg, roca keTilSobili ali jaWvis perangiTa da
dirhemebiT SuamavalTan mivida, keTilSobili osmanis saqcieli kacobriobis siamayes Zalian gauxarda, uzenaes allahs misTvis sikeTe Seavedra da Tqva: `osmani im qveynad Cemi
megobaria!~. Semdeg bilali habeSs dauZaxa, fulis naxevari,
misca da uTxra: `es fuli gamomarTvi da bazarSi wadi! cota
vardis wyali, xolo rac dagrCeba Tafli iyide da meCeTTTan
axlos, kuTxeSi, sufTa WurWelSi gaxseniT, Taflis SarbaTi
gaakeTeT da niqaxis Semdeg davlioT. Semdeg ensarebi da muhajirebi meCeTSi dapatiJe, alisa da fatimas qorwinebis Sesaxeb
xalxs acnobe~.
bilali habeSi gareT gamovida da keTilSobili alisa da
Zvirfasi fatimas qorwinebis Sesaxeb xalxs gaagebina. yvela
sahabe mivida, meCeTi xalxiT gaivso. sayvareli Suamavali
fexze wamodga da Semdegi huTbe (qadageba) waikiTxa:
`yovelgvari qeba-dideba mxolod yovlisSemZle gamCens,
uzenaes allahs ekuTvnis. mis winaSe angariSsworeba da misi
sasjeli autanelia. misi brZanebebi da kanonebi casa da dedamiwaze batonobs. yvela gaCenili arseba Tavisi usasrulo
ZlierebiT meqmna da samarTliani kanoniT erTmaneTisagan ganasxvava. is aris, adamianebis islamiTa da Suamavali muhammedis gziT gamaciskrovnebeli.
uzenaesma allahma Cemi qaliSvil, fatimas keTilSobil alize miTxoveba mibrZana. axla Tqven xarT imis mowmeni, rom (uzenaesi allahis brZanebiT) mihris saxiT 400 misxal vercxlad,
fatima keTilSobil alis mivaTxove. uzenaesma allahma isini
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
erTad Sehyaros da dalocvili amyofos. maTi STamomavalni
umwikvlo wyalobis gasaRebi, sibrZnis wyaro yofiliyvnen. es
iyo is, risi Tqmac mindoda. gamCens Cem da Tqven patiebas vTxov~.
Semdeg keTilSobili ali wamodga fexze da Semdegi mokle huTbe, (qadageba) waikiTxa: `salaaTi da selami sayvarel muhammed Suamavals. radgan Tavisi madlmosili asuli
fatima, 400 misxal vercxlad, momaTxova. sulierno Zmano,
eWvgareSea, rom sayvareli Suamavlis saubars eswrebodiT
da moismineT. mec veswrebodi, yvelaferze Tanaxma var da
sityva-sityviT veTanxmebi. uzenaesi allahi yvela Tvenganis mowme da Tavmdebia.
niqaxis Sesrulebis Semdeg sayvarelma Suamavalma finikis
xurma moatanina da Tqva: `aba aiReT da miirTviT es xurma~.
yvelam aiRo miirTa, Semdeg bilali habeSma SarbaTis wyali
Camoariga, isic dalies da axaldaqorwinebulebi yvelam erTxamd daloca: `bareqellahu fi quma, ve aleiquma ve jemeRa
Semlequna”
Zvirfasi fatima niqaxis gakeTebis Semdeg tiroda. sayvareli Suamavali masTan mivida da uTxra: `fatima, ra mogivida ratom tiri? uzenaes allahs vficav, rom Senze daqorwinebis msurvelTagan, yvelaze swavlul, sulgrZel, Wkvian da
upirveles muslimans migaTxove~. Zvirfasma fatimam miugo:
`Cemo mamiko, yvela daqorwinebuli qaliSvilis mihri oqroTi da vercxliT ganisazRvreba. Cemi mihric rom ase ganisazRvros, Sensa da sxvebs Soris ra gansxvaveba iqneba? Tu, Sen,
gankiTxvis dRes uamrav vinmes gauwev daxmarebas, mec minda,
rom maT meuRleebs davexmaro. es aris Cemi survili~.
rodesac uzenaesma allahma, sayvarel Suamavals acnoba,
rom man Zvirfasi fatimas es survili ismina, mamam qaliSvils uTxra: `fatima, Sen daamtkice, rom Suamavlis qaliSvili
xar~.
n
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bediris brZola
o
keTilSobili ali mogviTxrobs: `am ambis Semdeg zustad
erTi Tve gavida. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT mejlisSi sityva ar daZrula. mec mrcxvenoda da veraferi vTqvi. magram,
roca allahis Suamavali martos mnaxavda, metyoda: `Seni sacole ra kargi qalbatonia! gixarodes, rom is amqveyanaze qalbatonTa qalbatonia!~. erTi Tvis Semdeg keTilSobil alis,
misma Zmam, uqailma uTxra: `am qorwinebam Zalian gagvaxara,
magram msurs, Sen da Seni meuRle erTmaneTTan axlos iyoT. keTilSobilma alim miugo: `Cemi didi survilic eg aris, magram mrcxvenia~. uqailma keTilSobil alis xeli mohkida da
sayvareli Suamavlis saxlSi waiyvana. rodesac iq mividnen,
allahis Suamavlis moaxles ummu eimens Sexvdnen, rodesac
mas saqmis viTareba gaacnes, ummu eimenma Tqva: `am sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT Tqveni mosvla ar iyo saWiro, me, umwikvlo
qalbatonebs (ezvaji tahira) SevuTanxmdebi da gacnobebT.
vinaidan aseT dros allahis Suamavlis meuRleebis azria
mTavari~. ummu eimenma viTareba allahis Suamavalis meuRleebs gaacno. isini Zvirfasi aiSes saxlSi Seikribnen, wminda xatije gaixsenes da Tqves: `is, rom cocxali yofiliyo
Cven ase SeSfoTebuli ar viqnebodiT~. allahis Suamavalma
daamata: `sad aris xatijesTana qalbatoni? rodesac xalxi
Cems Suamavlobas uaryofda, man Cemi irwmuna da mTeli Tavisi
simdidre allahis gzaze daxarja. religiisTvis Zalian bevri
gaaketa. allahma jer kidev mis sicocxleSi mibrZana, rom xatijesTvis samoTxs zurmuxtis koSki memaxaroblebina.~
allahis Suamavals meuRleebma keTilSobili alis survili warudgines. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT kacobriobis siamayem ummu eimens daavala, rom mas keTilSobili ali saxlSi
daepatiJebina. roca ali movida qalebi adgnen da mejlisidan wavidnen. mosulma Tavi daxara da Suamavlis winaSe dajda. Suamavalma hkiTxa: `ali! ginda waiyvano Seni sacole?~
alim miugo: `diax, allahis Suamavalo~. maSin ukeTilSobilesma Suamavalma esma binTi umeies uTxra: `wadi da fatimas
saxli moumzade!~ esma fatimasa da alis saxlSi mivida, erTi 269
n
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
viwro leibi axladgaTrimluli tyavisgan, meore sakerebliani tyavisgan, xolo mesame Wilofisgan gaakeTa da SigniT
xurmis boWkoebi Caawyo. allahis Suamavali Ziliswina namazis Sesrulebis Semdeg, fatimas saxlSi mivida da iqauroba
daaTvaliera.
man keTilSobil alis motanili fulis sami meorediT SeWamandis, samkaulebisa da sunamoebis, erTi mesamediT ki tansacmlisa da ojaxSi saWiro nivTebis SeZena daavala. Zvirfasi
fatimas mziTvSi iyo: esma binTi umeiesis mier momzadebuli
sami viwro leibi, erTi foCiani xaliCa, erTi xurmis boWkoebiT gavsebuli baliSi, ori cali xelis wisqvili, erTi
wylis WurWeli, Tixisgan gakeTebuli wylis doqi, gaTrimluli tyavisgan gakeTebuli wylis Wiqa, erTi pirsaxoci,
erTi welqveda kaba, verZis tyavi, moZvelebuli, bewvgacvenili iemenuri xaliCa, xurmis foTliT moqsovili divani,
iemenuri, naqsovi ori Wreli tansacmeli da erTi xaverdis
sabani. garda amisa allahis Suamavalma keTilSobil alis
cotaodeni fuli misca da uTxra, rom cota finikis xurma
da zeTi eyida. keTilSobili ali mogviTxrobs:
`erTi dirhemiT finikis xurma, ori dirhemiT zeTi viyide
da allahis SuamavalTan mivitane. tyavis sufra moiTxova,
finikis xurma, fqvili, zeTi da mawoni Tavisi madlmosili
xeliT erTmaneTSi auria da raRac kerZi moamzada da miTxra: `ali, dauZaxe, visac naxav da moiyvane~. gareT gamovedi da
vinc vnaxe, yvela davpatiJe. Semdeg allahis SuamavlTan Sevedi da vacnobe, rom stumrad Zalian bevri xalxi iyo mosuli.
ukeTilSobilesma Suamavalma miTxra: `isini aT-aT kacian
jgufebad moiyvane da uTxari, rom danayrebamde miirTvan~.
asec moviqeci. bolos daviTvaleT da aRmoCnda, rom qaliankacianad saWmeli Svidasma adamianma miirTva.
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rogorc ummu eimeni gadmogvcems, keTilSobili alisa
da Zvirfasi fatimas saqorwino zeimis dasrulebis Semdeg,
bediris brZola
o
sayvarelma Suamavalma keTilSobil alis uTxra: `ali, Cemi
asuli fatima Tqven saxlSi ukve wavida. mec saRamos namazis
Semdeg moval da daglocavT, damelodeT!~ rodesac keTilSobili ali saxlSi mivida erT kuTxeSi dajda, xolo Zvirfasi
fatima meoreSi.. Semdeg allahis Suamavalic movida da karze dakakuna. ummu eimenma kari gauxsna. Suamavalma hkiTxa:
`Cemi Zma aq aris?~ ummu eimenma hkiTxa: `allahis Suamavalo,
vin aris Seni Zma?~ _ `is, ali bin ebu talibia~ es rom ummu
eimenma gaigona, gancvifrebulma hkiTxa: ` nuTu Tqveni asuli Tqvens Zmas miaTxoveT?~ - Suamavalma, diaxo, upasuxa.
ummu eimens egona allahis Suamavlis kiTxvaze `Cemi Zma aq
aris?~ egona rom aseT SemTxvevaSi niqaxi ar SeiZleboda.
allahis Suamavlis pasuxma `diax~ miuTiTa, rom qorwinebis
dauSveblobisaTvis erT dedisgan dabadebaa saWiro.
Semdeg allahis Suamavalma ummu eimens hkiTxa: `esma binTi
umeiesi aq aris?~ man upasuxa, diaxo. `e. i. allahis Suamavlis
asuls unda emsaxuros, allahma sikeTe argunos mas~. _ Tqva
allahis Suamavalma da daloca.
amis Semdeg patara WurWliT wyali moatanina, madlmosili
xelebi daibana, wyalSi cotaodeni muSki gauria da Zvirfas
fatimas dauZaxa. Zvirfasi fatima sicxvilisgan tansacmelze
iyureboda. allahis Suamavalma cota wyali aiRo, fatimas
mkerdze, Tavze, zurgze Seasxura da daloca: `allahumme
inni eRizuha biqe ve zurrieTiha min-eS-Seitan-ir rajim~ (yovlis SemZle, uzenaeso gamCeno: misgan da misi Caqolili STamomavlobis borotebisgan dasacavad Sen mogkedlebi) Suamavali, keTilSobili alis mimarTac analogiurad moiqca da
is ase daloca: `allahumme bariq, fihima ve bariq, aleihima ve
bariq lehuma fii neslihima~ Semdeg ihlasisa da muavizeTeinis (feleyisa da nasis) sureebi ikiTxa da mas uTxra: `uzenaesi allahis saxeliTa da madliT, Sens meuRlesTan wadi! am
yvelafris Semdeg madlmosili xelebiT karebi gaixura da iqedan wavida~.
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j
keTilSobili ali mogviTxrobs: `qorwinebidan oTxi dRis
Semdeg allahis sayvareli Suamavali Cven ojaxSi mobrZanda.
gulebis dampyrobi, sibrZniT aRsavse sityvebiT rCeva darigebebi mogvca. miTxra: `ali, wyali moitane!~ avdeqi wyali mivutane. wminda aiaTi ikiTxa da miTxra: `es wyali cota dalie,
cota ki datove~. asec moviqeci. man, darCenili wyali mkerdze da Tavze Semasxura, Semdeg isev mTxova, wyali momitaneo
da roca misi Txovna Sevasrule, analogiuri procedura fatimas mimarTac gaakeTa, Semdeg ki me gareT gamiSva~.
roca keTilSobili ali gareT gavida, allahis wminda Suamavali Tavis qaliSvils miubrunda da alis Sesaxeb hkiTxa.
Zvirfama fatimam upasuxa: `mamiko, sruliad unaklo, Camoyalibebuli adamiania. magram, zogierTi yuraiSi qali meubneba,
Seni qmari Zalian Raribiao~. mamam Svils upasuxa: `Cemo gogo,
mamaSeni da Seni qmari Raribebi ar arian. cisa da dedamiwis xazinebi SemomTavazes, magram ar davTanxmdi. imas davTanxmdi
rac uzenaesi allahisTvis iyo misaRebi. Cemo gogona, rac me
vici, Senc rom igive gcodnoda, es qveyana SenTvis araraoba iqneboda. uzenaesi allahis ZaliT Seni qmari upirvelesi sahabeTagania. islamisTvis umniSvnelovanesi adamiania da codnis
mxriv brZenia. Cemo gogo, uzenaesma allahma `ehli beiTTagan~
(Suamavalis ojaxis wevrTagan) ori vinme daabera. erTi maTgani Seni mama, meore ki Seni qmaria. gaufTxildi, araviTar SemTxvevaSi mas ar uRalato da mis brZanebas ar SeewinaaRmdego!~
allahis sayvarel Suamavalma qaliSvilisTvis rCeva-darigebebis micemis Semdeg keTilSobil alis dauZaxa fatima
Caabara da daariga: `ali, fatimas guls gaufrTxildi, pativi
eci, is Cemi sxeulis nawilia. mas keTilad moeqeci, misi wyenineba, Cemi upativcemulobis tolfasia~. Semdeg orive uzenaes
allahs Caabara, rodesac wasvla daapira, fatimam mas uTxra:
`allahis Suamavalo, saxlis SigniT yvelafers me gavakeTeb,
gareT ki yvelaferze alim izrunos, Tu erT mxevals miwyalobeb, zogierT saqmeSi damexmareba da Sengan kmayofili
272 davrCebi~. allahis Suamavalma hkiTxa: `fatima, ginda mxeval-
n
bediris brZola
o
ze ukeTesi ram giwyalobo?~
rodesac Svilma am SeTavazebaze TanxmobiT upasuxa, maSin
allahis Suamavalma aswavla: `yovel dRes dawolis win Semdegi sityvebi warmosTqvi: ocdacametjer subhanallah, ocdacametjer elhamdulillah da ocdacametjer ki allahu eqber,
xolo erTxel ki la ilahe illellahu vehdehu la Seriqeleh,
lehul mulqu ve lehul hamdu ve huve ala qulli Sei in yadir.
sul asi sityvaa magram gankiTxvis dRes aTas sikeTes miiReb.
sasworze sikeTe daZlevs~. amis Semdeg allahis sayvareli
Suamavali qaliSvilis ojaxidan gamovida da Tavis saxlSi
wavida.
keTilSobili alisa da Zvirfasi fatimas niqaxi emigraciidan xuTi Tvis Semdeg, xolo qorwineba bediris brZolis
Semdeg Sedga.
qa’b bin eSrefis sikvdili
bediris brZolaSi muslimanebis gamarjvebam medinaSi mcxovreb iudevelebsa da warmarTebs SiSis grZnoba gauRviZaT. zogi iudeveli gons moego da Tqva: `es, is pirovnebaa,
romlis Tvisebebis Sesaxeb wminda wignebSi vkiTxulobdiT.
SeuZlebelia mis winaaRmdeg brZola, vinaidan is yovelTvis
gaimarjvebs.~ amitomac maT islami miiRes. zogierTebma ki
Tqves: `muhammedi brZolis wesebis ucodinar yuraiSebs eoma
da amitom gaimarjva. CvenTanac rom igive gaebeda, vaCvenebdiT, Tu rogor unda brZola da gamarjveba.~
rodesac, iudevelma qa’b bin eSrefma bedris brZolaSi islamis jaris gamarjvebis Sesaxeb gaigo, muslimanebis mimarT
siZulvilis gamo meqqaSi wavida. iqauri warmarTebi Sekriba
da medinaze Tavdasasxmelad wamaqezebeli leqsebi waikiTxa.
Suamavlis winaaRmdeg morig brZolaze SeTanxmdenen. ufro
metic, sayvarel Suamavals teraqtic mouwyves. amis Sesaxeb
uzenaesma allahma Suamavals amcno: `isini wyeulni (wyalo-
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273
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
bisgan gariyulni) arian uzenaesi allahis mier~.6
amisa Semdeg allahis Suamavalma ganacxada: `radgan, uzenaes allahs uarhyofs, vis SeuZlia qa’b bin eSrefis mokvla?~
muhammed bin meslemem mas hkiTxa: `allahis Suamavalo! isurveb, rom is me movkla? `diax visurveb~ _ upasuxa Suamavalma.
muhammed bin meslemem ramdenime dRes am saqmeze ifiqra, Semdeg Tavis megobrebTan, ebu naile, abbas bin biSr, haris bin
evssa da ebu abs ibni jehrTan mivida da gaacno Tavisi gegma,
romelic yvelam moiwona da erTxmad Tqves: `wavideT da es
naZirala movklaTo!~ Semdeg yvela erTad SuamavlTan mividnen da uTxres: `allahis Suamavalo! nebas Tu mogvcemT,
rodesac qa’bs gavesaubrebiT Tqvens Sesaxeb, misTvis mosawoni ram? sayvarelma Suamavalma maT neba darTo da uTxra:
`uTxariT, rac gsurdeT”.
amis Semdeg muhammed bin mesleme megobrebTan erTad qa’b
bin eSrefTan mivida da uTxra: `muhammedma, Cven wyalobis
gacema da bevri gadasaxadebi dagvakisra, amitom Sengan cota
sesxis asaRebad movediT~. qa’bs gauxarda, mas egona rom
muhamed bin mesleme massaviT fiqrobda da uTxra: `jer sad
xarT, is ufro metad mogawyenT Tavs~. `ra vqnaT? erTxel
mivyveviT mas da unda bolomde unda davemorCiloT, vnaxoT,
sadamde gagrZeldeba ase da ra Sedegi mohyveba amas. axla,
Sen, cota xurma gvasesxe!~ _ `kargi, mogcemT magram giraod
(mZevlad) unda damitovoT rame~. _ `ki magram ra dagitovoT
mZevlad, ras isurvebdiT?~ _ `Tqvens colebs visurvebdi
mZevlad!~ _ amaze, rom ar daeTanxmnen, maSin Svilebi damitoveT mZevlado, SeTavaza. muslimebma miuges: `ara, verc
Svilebs ver dagitoveT. radgan ori aqlemi xurmisTvis amas
gavakeTebT, es did laqad dagvemCneva. Tu isurvebT iaraRsa
da jaWvis perangs dagitovebT~. qa’bi am SeTavazebas daTanxmda da acnoba, Tu rodis unda daebrunebinaT sesxi.
erT saRamos muhammed bin mesleme ebu nailTan erTad
274 6. sura: nisa-52.
n
bediris brZola
o
qa’bTan mivida. qa’bma isini sasaxleSi daibara Tavad ki maTTan Sesaxvedrad Cavida. qa’bs meuRlem hkiTxa: `ase gvian sad
midixar?~ _ `muhammed bin mesleme da Cemi Zma naile arian
mosulebi~. _ `ratomRac es xma ar momewona, TiTqos, raRac
ubedurebas vgrZnob~. _ `ara, isini kargi biWebi arian, ebu
meslemes RamiT saomrad rom dauZaxo, uyoymanod mova”. sxvadasxva gadmocemis mixedviT, qa’bma muhammed bin meslemesTan erTad ori Tu sami kaci sasaxleSi miiRo. eseni, ebu abs
bin jebri, haris bin evsi da abbad bin biSri iyvnen. muhammed bin meslemem amxanagebi daariga: `roca qa’bi mova, vetyvi
rom misi Tmis surneleba minda viynoso daTavze movkideb
xelebs, roca dainaxavT rom qa’bis Tavze xels kargad Cavavleb, maSinve xmali dahkariT da kiseri waacaleT!~. qa’b bin
eSerefi lamazad Cacmuli, sasiamovno sunamowasmuli maTTan
Cavida. ibni meslemem mas Tavazianad uTxra: `dRemde aseTi
sasiamovno suni ar miynosia~ da masTan axlos mivida. `aba
rogor, arabebis yvelaze lamazi qalebi me myavs~,-waitrabaxa
qa’bma. `Tqveni nebarTviT, minda Tqven Tmas vuynoso~-Txova
meslemem da rodesac amis nebarTva miiRo, iudevels Tavze
xeli waavlo da megobrebs aniSna, ukve droa. xmlis pirvel
dartymaze qa’bma iRriala, magram ar mokvda. igi meslemem
gamoasalma xanjliT sicocxles. mujahidebi, qa’bis mokvlis Semdeg, medinaSi dabrundnen da allahis Suamavals es
sasixarulo ambavi acnobes. mas Zalian gaexarda, mujahidebi
daloca da uzenaes allahs madloba Seswira.
urwmuno qa’b bin eSrefis mokvlam medinel iudevelebs SiSis zari dasca. radgan qa’abisTana lideris mokvlis Semdeg,
maTi ganadgurebac sul ubralo saqme iyo. isini dilaadrian Seikribnen, wminda Suamavlis winaSe warsdgnen da RamiT
momxdaris gamo iCivles. allahis Suamavalma miugo: `is Cven
mudam gvawuxebda da Cven sawinaaRmdego leqsebs Txzavda. Tu
romelime Tqvengani analogiurad moiqceva, icodeT, rom misi
sasjelic xmalia~. am muqaris Semdeg iudevelebma SuamavalTan morigi SeTanxmeba dades...
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
beni qainuqas tomis iudevelebi
erT dRes, beni qainuqas tomis iudevelma muslimani qali
abuCad aigdo. es rom erT-erTma sahabem dainaxa, maSinve xmali iSiSvla da iudevels suli gaafrTxobina. iudevelebi
Seikribnen da es Zvirfasi sahabe Sehidad aqcies. am SemTxvevis Sesaxeb allahis Suamavals acnobes. man ebraelta es
tomi bazrobaze Sekriba da ase mimarTa: `iudevelo xalxo,
geSinodeT iseTi sasjelisa, romelic yuraiSebs xvdaT wilad
da miiReT islami. kargad iciT rom me uzenaesi allahis mxridan movlenili Suamavali var. amis Sesaxeb, uzenaesi allahis
mier TqvenTvis naboZeb wminda wignebSi gaqvT wakiTxuli~.
miuxedavad aseTi didi mowyalebisa, iudevelebma SeTanxmeba daarRvies da qveynierebis sulTans mimarTes: `muhammed, brZolis ucodinari xalxis damarcxebam SecdomaSi
ar SegiyvanoT! vficavT, rom Cven mamaci meomrebi varT! Sen
Cvens gmirobas mxolod maSin mixvdebi, roca Cven winaaRmdeg brZolas daiwyeb~. amgvarad iudevelebma allahis wminda
Suamavali brZolaSi gamoiwvies.
amasTan dakavSirebiT Semdegi zeSTagoneba gardmovlinda:
`(sayvarelo Suamavalo) Tu (Sens winaSe) romelime toms SeTanxmebis Ralati (SeTanxmebis sawinaaRmdego qceva) Seatyo,
(sanam brZolaSi SeebmebodeT) WeSmaritad da samarTlianad
acnobe, rom maTTan dadebuli SeTanxmeba gauqmebulia. radgan
uzenaes allahs ar uyvars moRalateebi.~7
sxva wminda aiaTSi nabrZanebia: `Cemo Suamavalo! auwye im
urwmunoebs: (iudevelebs) rom Tqven aucileblad damarcxdebiT da jojoxeTSi SeikribebiT. ra cudi es samyofeli!~.8
ukeTilSobilesma Suamavalma maSinve jari Sekriba, medinaSi movaleobis Semsruleblad ebu lubabe datova, TeTri
droSa Zvirfas hamzas misca xelSi da beni qainuqas iude-
n
7. sura enfali- 58-e aiaTi.
276 8. ali imranis sura: 12-e aiaTi
bediris brZola
o
velebis sacxovrebeli cixe- simagrisken gaemarTa.. madlmosilma jarma beni qainuqas cixes alya Semoartya. iudevelebma, romlebic ambobdnen, magari meomrebi varTo, erTi isris
styorcnac ki ver gabedes. allahis Suamavalma cixis Sesasvlelze da gasasvlelze kontroli daawesa. gareT veravin
gamovida. aseTi viTareba TxuTmeti dRe gagrZelda. iudevelebi SeSindnen da danebdnen. miuxedavad imisa, rom yvela
maTgani sikvdils imsaxurebda, samyaros wyalobad movlenilma allahis Suamavalma maT damaskoSi wasvlis ufleba
misca. am-rigad, beni qainuqas tomis iudevelebisgan medinas
miwebi gaiwminda.
medinaSi allahis sayvareli Suamavali rogorc iudevelebs, aseve warmarTebsa da abdullah bin ubeis msgavs farisevlebs ebrZoda. garda amisa medinas gareT mcxovreb
warmarT tomebs islamisken mouwodebda da maTi islamiT gaciskrovnebisTvis irjeboda. saviqis, gaTafanis, qardesa da
bahranis laSqrobebi bediris omis Semdeg ganxorcielda.
am periodSi nabrZanebi iqna zeqaTisa da fiTris wyalobis gacema, bairamis namazis Sesruleba da msxverplTSewirva
(yurbani). allahis Suamavalma Tavisi asuli ummu gulsumi
keTilSobil osmanze daaqorwina, xolo Tavad zeineb binTi
jaSsa dakeTilSobili omeris asul hafsaze iqorwina. keTilSobili alis vaJiSvili hasanic am wels moevlina samyaros.
n
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
uhudis brZola
meqqeli warmarTebi vera da ver iviwyebdnen bediris brZolaSi marcxiT gamowveul did tkivilis. maT TavianTi tomis yvelaze gavleniani xalxi am brZolaSi dahkarges. garda
amisa, damaskomde mimavali savaWro gzac muslimanebis kontrols eqvemdebareboda. es ki yuraiS warmarTebs moTminebas
akargvinebda. ebu sufeanis meTaurobiT wasuli qaravani meqqaSi asprocentiani mogebiT dabrunebuliyo. dabandebuli
kapitalis umravlesoba, bedris brZolaSi daRupulTa mier
monagebs darun nedve’d (sadac warmarTebi gadawyvetilebis
misaRebad ikribebodnen) wodebul, saxlSi inaxeboda.
saffan bin umeiies, iqrime bin ebu jehlis, abdullah bin
rebiasTana mamebi, Zmebi, qmrebi da Svilebi bedirSi dahkarges. warmarTebma ebu sufeans mimarTes: `muslimanebma
winamZRolebi mogvikles da gagvanadgures. maTze Suris Ziebis dro dadga. damaskodan dabrunebuli qaravnis amonagebiT
jari movamzadoT, medinas davesxaT Tavs da Suri viZioT~.
ebu jehlis, Seibesa da uTbesTana garewari urwmunoebi
bedirSi daiRupnen, amitomac warmarTTa jars saTaveSi jer
kidev aramuslimani ebu sufeani Caudga. damaskoSi ganxorcielebuli vaWrobis wyalobiT maT asi aTasi oqro darCaT.
aqedan erTi naxevari vaWrobaSi Cadebuli kapitali iyo,
xolo meore naxevari-mogeba. kapitali maSinve mepatroneebs
daurigdaT, mogebuli Tanxa ki orad gaiyo, erTi nawiliT
iaraRi SeiZines, xolo danarCeniT jari moamzades. garda
amisa Tanxis nawili meleqseebsa da oratorebsac misces,
raTa maT, brZolis dros, meomrebi gaemxnevebinaT. qalebi patara dolebze ukarvdnen da mebrZolebs axalisebdnen. sayvareli Suamavlis likvidaciisa da islamis mospobis
msurveli warmarTebi axlo-maxlo tomebSi Soris dadiodnen da jariskacebs agrovebdnen.
n
279
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
bolosdabolos meqqaSi 3000-iani kaciani jari moamzades.
maTgan 700-s jaWvis perangi hqonda, 200-s cxeni hyavda,
xolo 3000-s-aqlemi. damkvrelebisa da qalebis monawileobiT sakmaod mravalricxovan jars, romelSic qalebic da
damkvrelebic iricxebodnen, ebu sufeani meTaurobda. misi
meuRle hindic qalebs meTaurobda da warmarTebs brZolisken aqezebda. mas bediris brZolaSi mama da ori Zma moukles.
hindi am tkivils ver iviwyebda da qalebs, romlebic brZolaSi monawileobaze uars ambobdnen, eubneboda: `gaixseneT
bediris brZola, colebsa da Svilebs rom dabrunebodnen,
amis gamo bediris velidan gamoiqcnen!... amis Semdeg vinc
gaqcevas daapirebs CvenTan eqneba saqme!~
warmarTTagan jubeir bin muT’ims mona hyavda Subis tyorcnis Zlieri ostati, saxelad vahSi. misi gatyorcnili Subi
mizans ar scdeboda. jubeiri hindis mamis, uTbes, jubeirisa
da biZis Tuaimis, bediris brZolaSi daRupvis gamo, Zvirfasi
hamzas mimarT daundobeli SuriT iwvoda. man Tavisi mona
vahSi moixmo da uTxra: `Tuki hamzas moklav, gaganTavisufleb!~ ebu sufeanis meuRle hindi ki mas Sehpirda:` Tu hamzas
moklav, uamrav oqrosa da Zvirfaseulobas mogcem~. rodesac yureiSTa jarma saomari samzadisi daasrula,
erTi droSa talha bin ebi talhas, meore ehabiSTagan erTerTs, xolo mesame uveifis Svil, sufeans misces.
meqqaSi samzadisi dasrulebuliyo. Zvirfasma abbasma
maSinve werili Seadgina da sando piris xeliT medinaSi gagzavna. masSi ewera: `meqqelebma 3000-iani kaciani jari moamzades. maTgan 700 jaWvis perangiania, 200 cxenosani, xolo 300
aqlemi hyavs.. garda amisa kargad SeiaraRebulni arian da
medinaskem moemarTebian. frTxilad iyaviT da dasaxvedrad
moemzadeT.~
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werilis miRebis Semdeg, sayvarelma Suamavalma situaciis
gamosakvlevad ramdenime sahabes davaleba misca, rom isini
meqqas mimarTulebiT wasuliyvnen da warmarTTa jaris moax-
uhudis brZola
o
loebis Sesaxeb zusti informacia moepovebinaT. sahabeebma
mokle droSi davaleba Seasrules da emTxveoda.
qveynierebis batonma saomari samzadisi maleve daiwyo.
garda amisa, moulodneli Tavdasxmis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, medinas garSemo guSagebi daayena. sahabeebi sul mokle xanSi Seikribnen da saomrad moemzadnen. isini, romlebic
saxlebSi rCebodnen, allahis wminda Suamavlis garSemo Seikribnen da didi siyvaruliT gamoemSvidobnen.
juma (paraskevi) dRe iyo. sayvarelma Suamavalma sahabeebs
juma namazi alocva. huTbis wakiTxvisas uzenaesi allahis
rjulis, allahis gulisTvis jihadis mniSvnelobaze gaamaxvila yuradReba, maT umaxarobla, rom vinc am gzaze Sehidad
daecemoda, samoTxiT dajildovdeboda. bolos ki Tqva: `is,
vinc mtris winaSe ar Sedrkeba, siZneleebs ar SeuSindeba,
uzenaesi allahis daxmarebis Rirsi gaxdeba~.
allahis ukeTilSobilesma Suamavalma imis Sesaxeb, Tu sad
unda yofiliyo brZolis veli, sahabeebTan TaTbiris dros,
Tavisi sizmari mohyva: `sizmrad, sakuTari Tavi saimedo jaWvis perangSi vixile. garda amisa, Cemi xmlis, zulfiyaris upiratesoba, yel-gamoWrili msxvilfexa saqoneli da verZis moyvana vixile~. sahabeebma hkiTxes: `allahis Suamavalo, rogor
axsnidiT am sizmars, ras unda niSnavdes?~…
saimedo jaWvis perangis Cacma medinaSi darCenaze mianiSnebs... xmlis piris upiratesobis xilva imas niSnavs, rom ziani
dagvatydeba Tavs. yel gamoWrili msxvilfexa saqonlis xilva,
sahabetagan zogierTis Sehidad dacemas winaswarmetyvelebs,
xolo verZis moyvana im samxedo SenaerTis niSania, romelic
allahis nebiT maT gaanadgurebs.
sxva gadmocemis mixedviT allahis Suamavalma Tqva: `sizmrad xmali Zirs davkari da wveri daemsxvra. es uhudis brZolaSi zogierTi sahabis Sehidad dacemaze mianiSnebs. xmali
xelmeored, Zirs davkari da is pirvandel mdgomareobas dau-
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brunda. es ki uzenaesi allahisgan momavali gamarjvebasa da
morwmuneebis erTad Sekrebaze mianiSnebs~.
rodesac allahis wminda Suamavals raime sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT zeSTagoneba gardmoevlineboda, igi sahabeebs
Sekrebda, moiTaTbirebda da mxolod amis Semdeg gadawyvetda, Tu rogor unda moqceuliyo. imis Sesaxeb, Tu sad unda
daxvedrodnen mters, Tanamimdevrebma TavianTi mosazrebebi gamoTqves. maT Tqves, medinaSi davrCeT da TavdacviTi
brZola warvmarToTo. es winadadeba sayvarel Suamavals moewona. keTilSobili ebu beqri, omari da saad bin mu’azi am
mosazrebas daeTanxmenen.
rodesac allahis sayvarelma Suamavalma, bediris brZolaSi monawile mebrZolTa madlisa da sidiadis Sesaxeb
isaubra, axalgazrda, mamac meomrebs guli dawydaT, rom am
brZolaSi monawileoba ver miiRes. amitomac undodaT, rom
mters medinasTan pirispir Setakebodnen. Zvirfasma haisemem
saubris neba iTxova da Tqva: `allahis Suamavalo, yuraiSebma sxvadasxva tomidan jariskacebi Sekribes, aqlemebsa da
cxenebze Sesxdnen da Cvens miwaze SemoiWrnen. isini, Cven saxlebsa da cixeebs alyas Semoartyamen, Semdeg mibrundebian
da wavlen. ukan kidev aTasnair sityvas mogvaZaxeben. aseTi
viTareba ki maT gambedaobas SehmatebT da morig Setevaze
gadmovlen. axla, Tu maT winaaRmdeg ar gavilaSqrebT, sxva
arabi tomebic maT mibaZaven. vimedovneb, rom uzenaesi allahi Cvens gamarjvebas inebebs.
da Tu davmacxdebiT, Sehidad dacemis pativi mogvegeba.
bedirSi Sehidoba ar mxvda wilad, Tumca me is menatreboda.
roca Cemma vaJiSvilma gaigo, rom bediris brZolaSi unda
mimeRo monawileoba, Cvens Soris kenWi hyara. is Cemze ufro
bednieri aRmoCnda, radgan Sehidad daeca.
allahis Suamavalo, Zalian minda, Sehidad davece. wuxel
sizmrad Cemi vaJi, Zalian lamazi vixile. samoTxis baRebsa
282 da nakadulebs Soris seirnobda da meubneboda: `samoTxis
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uhudis brZola
o
Rirs sahabeebs SeuerTdi! me uzenaesi allahis danapireb samoTxes vewvie~.
allahis Suamavalo, vficav, dilaadrian daviwye natvra
imaze, rom samoTxeSi Cemi vaJiSvilis megobari viyo. ukve
sakmao asaksac mivaRwie. araferi msurs, yovlisSemZle gamCenTan wasvlis garda.
Cemi sicocxle genacvalos allahis Suamavalo! Seavedre
uzenaes allahs, rom Sehidad davece da Cem SvilTan erTad
samoTxis RirsebiT avmaRlde~
sayvarelma Suamavalma SeamCnia rom yvela erT azrs iziarebda da gadawyvita mters medinas gareT daxvedroda. Semdeg sahabeebs miubrunda da mimarTa: `( Cemo sahabeebo!) Tu
amjeradac moTminebasa da udrekelobas gamoiCenT, WeSmariti
allahi daxmarebas giwyalobebT. amisaTvis Zalisxmeva da mondomeba gvWirdeba~.
qveynierebis batonma sahabeebs samxrobis (naSuadRevis)
namazi alocva da madlmosil, bednierebiT aRsavse saxlSi
wavida. Zvirfasma ebu beqrma da omarma neba iTxoves da mas
ukan gahyvnen. allahis sayvarel Suamavals Calmis moxvevaSi da jaWvis preangis CacmaSi daexmarnen. Suamavalma xmali
Semoirtya da fari welze daimagra.
amasobaSi gareT Sekrebili sahabeebi allahis Suamavalis gamosvlas elodnen. medinaSi TavdacviTi brZolis msurvelebma danarCenebs mimarTes: `allahis Suamavals medinas gareT
gasvla ar undoda, magram Tavisi gadawyvetileba Tqveni
saubridan gamomdinare Secvala. Tumca wminda Suamavali
brZanebas uzenaesi allahisgan Rebulobs. Tqven es saqSe mas
miandeT. rasac is brZanebs, ise moiqeciT~. am sityvebis Semdeg, sinanuli gamoxates da Tqves, rom aseTi qceviT ise ar
gamogvivides, TiTqos, Suamavals winaaRmdegoba gavuwieTo
da pirvandel mosazrebebze uari Tqves. roca allahis Suamavali bednieri saxlidan gamovida, mis winaSe warsdgenen da
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moubodiSes: `Cveni sicocxle genacvaloT, allahis Suamavalo! rogorc Tqven geneboT, ise moiqeciT, medinaSi darCena
Tu gnebavT davrCeT, radgan Sen mimarT winaaRmdegobis gawevisgan allahma dagvifaros~. allahis Suamavalma miugo:
`arcerTi Suamavali Cacmul jaWvis perangs ubrZolvelad ar
gaixdis manam, sanam diadi allahi massa da mters Soris ganaCens gamoitans. girCevT, Tu ise moiqceviT, rogorc gibrZanebT, uzenaesi allahis saxeliT, udrekelobasa da moTminebas
gamoiCenT, is aucileblad dagexmarebaT.~
am dros Zvirfasi amir bin jemahi saxlSi, Tavis oTx vaJiSvils eubneboda, ra moxdeba, mec wamiyvaneT brZolaSio.
isini eubnebodnen: `mamiko! imis gamo rom fexi gaqvs dazianebuli, uzenaesma allahma sapatio mizezis mqoned migiCnia.
allahis Suamavalma Sen ar dagrTo sabrZolvelad wasvlis
neba. Sen, ar xar valdebuli, brZolaSi miiRo monawileoba.
Sen magivrad Cven mivdivarT~. maT undodaT rom mama Sin
darCenaze daeTanxmebinaT. magram amrma maT Semdegi sityvebiT mimarTa: `sircxvili TqvenisTana Svilebs! analogiuri
ram bediris brZolis winac gaakeTeT da samoTxis damsaxurebaSi xeli SemiSaleT. amjeradac ase unda gamikeToT?~
Semdeg sayvareli Suamavlis winaSe warsdga da uTxra: `Cemi
sicocxle Semogevlos allahis Suamavalo! Cems Svilebs undaT, rom garkveuli sapatio mizezebis gamo omSi wasvlSi
xeli SemiSalon. vficav, me minda rom SenTan erTad wamovide
brZolaSi da samoTxeSi Sesvlis RirsebiT avmaRlde. allahis Suamavalo! Sen ar ginda, rom allahis gzaze vibrZolo
da Sehidad dacemis Semdeg, koWli fexebiT samoTxeSi viseirno?~ qveynierebis ukeTilSobilesma Suamavalma upasuxa:
`diax, minda,~ ramac amri Zalian gaaxara. igi maSinve wwavida,
omSi wasasvlelad moemzada da jars SeuerTda.
medinaSi. namazis Sesrulebis dros, imamad abdullah bin
ummi meqTumi datova. allahis Suamavalma sami droSa aRmarTa, maTgan erTi, habbab bin munzirs, meore useid bin
284 hudairs, xolo mesame mu’sab bin umeirs misca. aTasi mebrZo-
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uhudis brZola
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lisgan Semdgar jarSi, mxolod, ori cxenosani da asi jaWvis
perangiani hyavda.
paraskevs (juma) dRes naSuadRevs sayvarelma Suamavalma,
jaWvis perangCacmuli sa’d bin ubadi da sa’d bin muazi win
daayena, marjvniv muhajirebi, marcxniv ki ensarebi ganalaga
da muslimTa jari allahis sadidebeli SeZaxilebiT uhudisken gaemarTnen.
gzad, iudevelTa eqvsas kacian samxedro SenaerTs Sexvdnen. eseni SfoTisTav abdullah bin ubei bin selulis mokavSireebi iyvnen da undodaT islamis jars SeerTebodnen.
Suamavalma ikiTxa: `maT iwames islami?~ Tanamimdevrebma upasuxes: `ara, ar uwamiaT, allahis Suamavalo!~ maSin sayvarelma Suamavalma brZana: `midiT da uTxariT, rom ukan dabrundnen. radgan warmarTTa winaaRmdeg brZolaSi urwmunoebi ar
gvWirdeba~.
uzenaesi allahis sayvareli Suamavali, islamis jarTan
erTad medinasa da uhuds Soris mdebare Seihans mivida da
Ramis gasaTevad dabanakda. jer mze Casuli ar iyo. am laSqrobaSi mtris jaris winaaRmdeg brZolisa da Sehidad dacemis udidesi surviliT Sepyrobili, mcirewlovani sahabeebic
iRebdnen monawileobas. roca sayvarelma Suamavalma jari
gadaamowma Cvidmetamde mcirewlovani dainaxa. maT Soris
erT-erTi, rafi bin hadiji fexis cerebze Sedga, raTa maRali gamoCeniliyo. Zvirfasma zuheirma Suamavals uTxra, rom
rafi isars kargad isroda, ris gamoc is jarSi datoves. es
rom semure bin jundubma naxa, Tqva, me SemiZlia, rafi WidaobaSi davamacxo, amitom mec minda brZolaSi monawileobis
miRebao. sayvarelma Suamavalma maT gauRima da WidaobaSi
Seajibra erTmaneTs. semurem rafi daamarcxa da isic mujahidTa rigebSi miiRes. danarCeni bavSvebi medinas dasacavad
ukan daabrunes.
saRamosa da Ziliswina namazis ezani bilalma Tavisi tkbili xmiT ikiTxa. namazis Sesrulebis Semdeg, sayvarelma Sua-
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mavalma muhammed bin mesleme ormocdaaT acian SenaerTis
meTaurad daniSna da dilamde gusagoba daavala, xolo sahabeebs Zilis neba misca. im Rames sayvareli Suamavlis dacvaZvirfas zevqans xvda wilad.
am dros mtris jarma gaigo, rom islamis jari SeihanSi
isvenebda. iqrimes meTaurobiT mxedarTa SenaerTi dasazverad gaagzavnes. jer kidev aramuslimanma iqrimem SenaerTTan
erTad herremde islamis jars uTvalTvala, magram mujahidTa gusagebis SeeSinda da ukan dabrunda.
ciskris dadgomis Semdeg samyaros batonma, sahabeebi
gaaRviZa da maTTan erTad uhudis mTaze avida. aqedan orive jari erTmaneTs kargad xedavda. bilali habeSma sulebis
frTebis Semsxmeli, gulebis damadnobeli, saamo xmiT dilis
ezani ikiTxa. SearaRebulma mujahidebma sayvarel SuamavalTan erTad dilis namazi Seasrules da vedreba aRavlines.
kacobriobis siamayem meore jaWvis perangi Caicva da madlmosil Tavze Cafxuti daixura.
am dros farisevelTa meTaurma abdullah bin ubeim iyvira: `gana, Cven aq imisaTvis movediT, rom Tavi movakvlevinoT? es Tavis droze ratom ver gavigeT~ Semdeg samasamde
farisevelTan erTad islamis jars gamoeyo da medinaSi dabrunda.
morwmune, erTguli, sicocxlis wminda gzaze Tvalis dauxamxameblad Tavganwirvisa da Sehidad dacemis bednierebis
mopovebis msurvelTa ricxvi Svidasamde Semcirda. yvela
maTganma, sayvarel Suamavals sityva misca, rom mas sisxlis
ukanasknel wveTamde daicavdnen.
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orive samyaros mzem mujahidebi saomrad ise ganalaga,
rom rom uhudis mTa maT zurgs ukan darCa, xolo madlmosili medina maT win iyo gadaSlili. jaris marjvena frTis
meTaurad uqaSe bin mihsan, marcxena frTis winamZRolad ebu
seleme bin abdul esedi daniSna. sa’d bin ebi vayyasma da
uhudis brZola
o
ebu ubeide bin jerrahma mSvildosanTa winamZRolebis adgili daikaves. javSosnebs zubeir bin avvami, xolo mewinave
ujavSno Zalebs Zvirfasi hamza Caudgnen saTaveSi.. miqdad
bin amrs zurgis meTauroba daavales.
islamis jaris marcxena mxares aRmarTuli iyo aineinis
mTa, romelsac Zalian viwro gasavleli hqonda. allahis
sayvarelma Suamavalma mTis am viwro gasavlelSi, abdullah bin jubeiris meTaurobiT, ormocdaaTi mSvildosani
Caayena, maTTan mivida da aseTi kategoriuli brZaneba misca:
`Tqven, zurgidan dagvicavT. Tqven-Tqven adgilebze gamagrdiT
da sanam brZanebas miiRebT, Tundac dainaxoT rom mteri ukve
davamarcxeT, manamde araviTar SemTxvevaSi gainZreT. Tundac
naxoT, rom mteri gvanadgurebs, dasaxmareblad ar moxvideT.
maTgan Cvens dacvaze nu izrunebT. mtris mxedrebi Tqvenken Tu
gamoemarTebian, isrebi dauSineT, radgan cxenosnebi isars win
ver aRudgebian. Cemo allaho! mowme iyavi, rom maT es rCevadarigebebi miveci!~
amis Semdeg sayvareli Suamavali jarTan dabrunda. islamis droSa mus’ab bin umeirs misces da man sayvareli Suamavlis win daikava adgili.
am dros axladdaqorwinebuli Zvirfasi hanzala, medinadan mTeli siswrafiT movida da mujahidTa rigebSi daikava
adgili.
uhudSi, sami dRis win mosul, warmarTTa jars ebu sufeani meTaurobda. isini ise ganlagdnen, rom medina zurgs
ukan daitoves. cxenosanTa marjvena frTas halid bin velidi, xolo marcxenas iqrime sardlobda. saffan bin umeiie cxenosanTa SenaerTis saerTo meTaurobas swevda, xolo
warmarTTa droSa talha bin ebi talhas eWira.
mowinaaRmdegeTa Soris ZalTa Tanafardoba Zalian gansxvavebuli iyo. yuraiSTa jari meomarTa raodenobis, SeaaraRebisa da aRWurvilobis mxriv, muslimTa laSqars oTxjer
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aRemateboda.
yureiSis jaridan didi aurzauri da xmauri ismoda, Suris
Ziebis usazRvro JiniT Sepyrobili qalebi Tvalebis brialiT, patara dolebze ukravdnen, mRerodnen, jarsiskacebs
axalisebdnen da saTayvano kerpebisgan daxmarebas iTxovdnen.
mujahidebis mxares diadi allahis mimarT vedrebisa da
`allahu eqber~-is xmebi ismoda. islamis religiis dacvisa da
gavrcelebisaTvis daxmarebas uzenaes allahs evedrebodnen.
sayvareli Suamavali mamac sahabeebs, jihadis wminda gzaze
brZolisken mouwodebda da am gziT madlis mopovebis Sesaxeb uyveboda: `Cemo mcrericxovanno sahabeebo, Zneli iqneba
mtris winaaRmdeg brZola, Tuki Tqven simtkicesa da moTminebas gamoiCenT uzenaesi allahi gagaxarebsT. vinaidan uzenaesi
allahi morCilebTan aris.… uzenaesi allahisgan danapirebi
jildo moiTxoveT~.
Sehidad dacemis surviliT Sepyrobili sahabeebi, rwmeniT
savse gulebiT, Tvalebidan simamacis naperwklebs afrqvevdnen da adgilze ver Cerdebodnen. isini mouTmenlad elodnen
mtris winaaRmdeg brZolis dawyebis brZanebas. ise rogorc
bediris brZolaSi, axlac Zvirfasma alim TeTri, zubeir
bin avvamm yviTeli, xolo ebu dujjadem wiTeli Calma Semoixvies Tavebze. Zvirfasma hamzam ki siraqlemas frTisgan
momzadebuli bumbuli gaikeTa.
mowinaaRmdegeni sakmaod miuaxlovdnen erTmaneTs. mRelvarebam piks miaRwia. male, erTis mxriv, uzenaesi allahis
rjulis gavrcelebisaTvis mebrZoli mujahidebs, xolo meore mxriv cru morwmuneebisgan Semdgar islamis mtrebs Soris brZola daiwyeboda.
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rodesac erTmaneTs isris sasrol manZilze miuaxlovdnen, mtris rigebidan, aqlemze Sejdarma, jaWvis perangianma
warmarTma, mujahidTagan guladi meomari gamoixmo.. egona
uhudis brZola
o
yvelas SeaSinebda da amitom moTxovna samjer gaimeora.
moTxovnisamebr, islamis jars tanmaRali, yviTel Calmiani guladi mujahidi gamoeyo. es sayvareli Suamavlis mamidaSvili zubeir bin avvami iyo.. islamis jarSi allahis
sadidebeli (allahu eqber) xma gaisma. muslimebi uzenaess
Zvirfasi zubeiris gamarjvebas avedrebdnen. igi, warmarTs
miuaxlovda Tu ara, maSinve aqlems Seaxta. aqlemze saocari orTabrZola gaimarTa. am dros sayvareli Suamavlis xma
gaisma: `Camoagde Zirs!~ Zvirfasma zubeirma am brZanebis gagonebisTanave metoqe Zirs daanarcxa. Semdeg aqlemidan Camoxta, mters xmali kiserze dahkra da warmarTis Cafxutiani
Tavi sxeuls moaSora. sayvarelma Suamavalma Zvirfasi zubeiri daloca.
Semdeg brZolis avanscenaze warmarTTa medroSe, talha
bin ebi talha gamovarda da iyvira: `Tqvens Soris aris iseTi vinme, vinc CemTan SebrZolebas gabedavs?~ mis winaaRmdeg uzenaesi allahis lomi keTilSobili ali warsdga. erTi
dartymiT, Tavidan fexebamde jaWvis perangiT Semosil warmarTTa medroSes Tavi ybamde gaupo. es rom sayvarelma Suamavalma dainaxa, gasZaxa: `dideba allahs. allahi udidesia!~
mas sahabeebic mihyvnen da allahis sadidebelma xmebma ca da
dedamiwa SeZra.
roca SeniSna, rom warmarTTa droSa Zirs daeca, talhas
Zma osman bin talha elvis siswrafiT moedanze gamovarda,
droSa aRmarTa da orTabrZola moiTxova. mis winaaRmdeg
Zvirfasi hamza gavida. `Cemo allaho!~- SesZaxa da osmans
ise Zlierad Casca mxarSi xmali, rom is xeli mohkveTa, romliTac mas droSa eWira. warmarTi miwaze daeca da suli
ganuteva.
warmarTTagan Semdegi mebrZoli ebu sa’d bin ebi talha
sabrZolo arenaze qveiTad gavida. masac Tavidan fexebamde jaWvis perangi ecva. urwmunoTa droSa isev aRmarTa, islamis jars miubrunda da iyvira: `me qusamis mama var. vin
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gabedavs Cems winaSe gamosvlas?~ sayvarelma Suamavalma mis
winaarmdeg gasvla keTilSobil alis ubrZana. isic maSinve
mowinaaRmdeges mivarda da xmliT suli gaafrTxobina. warmarTTa droSa isev Zirs daeca, xolo keTilSobili ali isev
mujahidTa rigebs SeuerTda.
amis Semdeg ramdenime warmarTi rigrigobiT gamodioda
moedanze Zirs davardnil droSa iRebda da islamis jaridan mebrZols iTxovdnen, magram uzenasi allahis nebiT, yvela orTabrZolaSi mamacma sahabeebma gaimarjves. TiToeuli
warmarTi medroSis marcxis dros, islamis jarSi allahis
sadidebeli xmebi (allahu eqber) zecas wvdeboda. mtris
jarSi ki didi mwuxareba da SeSfoTeba sufevda. ufro metic, qalebi, romelTa xmaurisa da aurzauris xma garemos
ayruebda, sakuTari jaris mebrZolebs arcxvendnen da eubnebodnen, sircxvili Tqven, aba, midiT, raRas elodebiTo.
rodesac situacia ukiduresad daiZaba da orive mxares
erTmaneTis ganadgurebis survili maqsimalurad moeZalaT,
am dros sayvareli Suamavlis xma gaisma: `SiSi sircxvilia,
xolo winsvla avtoriteti da Rirsebaa, adamiani SiSiT bedisweras ver gadaurCeba~. swored es sityvebi ewera mis xmalze.
man mebrZolebs mimarTa: `am xmals vin gamomarTmevs?~ am sityvebis gagonebaze, erTdroulad, ramdenime sahabem xmlis
gamosarTmevad xeli gaiwoda. sayvarelma Suamavalma kidev
gaimeora: `vin gamomarTmevs am xmals ise, rom mas kuTvnili
miuzRos?~ zubeir bin avvamma mas uTxra: “me aviReb xmals,
allahis Suamavalo”! magram kacobriobis siamayem xmali arc
mas, ebu beqirs, arc alis da arc omars misca.
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ebu dujjanem hkiTxa: allahis Suamavalo! rogor unda mivuzRoT xmals kuTvnili?~ sayvarelma Suamavalma upasuxa:
`is imsaxurebs imas, rom moRunvamde, dagrexamde mters zurgze urtyaT, is muslimans ar unda moxvdes, urwmunos ar unda
gaeqces, da am xmliT sanam uzenaesi allahi, mterze gamarjvebas an kidev Sehidad dacemas ar gargunebs wilad manamde unda
uhudis brZola
o
ibrZolo!~ ebu dujjanem uTxra: `allahis Suamavalo, me viReb am xmals da gavakeTeb imas, rac misi valia!”. amis Semdeg sayvarelma Suamavalma xmali ebu dujjanes Caabara. imis
gamo, rom es sahabe brZolis velze zedmiwevniT mamacurad
da moxerxebulad iqceoda, am wminda hadissac unaklod emsaxureboda. `brZola xerxia~ ebu dujjanem sayvarel Suamavals xmali gamoarTva Tu ara, brZolis velisken, qedmaRlurad, darbaislurad da leqsebis kiTxviT gaemarTa. tanze
perangisa da Tavze wiTeli Calmis garda araferi ecva.
sahabeebs Zvirfasi ebu dujjanes aseTi siaruli ar moewonaT. amis Sesaxeb sayvarelma Suamavalma brZana: `es iseTi
siarulia, romelic aseTi adgilebis (brZolis velis) garda,
sxvagan uzenaesis mxridan sasjelis sababi gaxdeba~. acnoba
maT, rom mxolod mtris winaSea qedmaRluri siaruli mizanSewonili.
warmarTTa jarma metis moTmena veRar SeZlo da halid bin
velidis daqvemdebarebaSi myofi SearaRebuli Zalebi TavdasxmisaTvis srul mzadyofnaSi gadavidnen.. verc sahabeebi
Cerdeboda adgilze. amasobaSi sayvarelma Suamavalma Tavdasxmis brZaneba gasca. uceb allahis sadidebelma xmebma
(allahu eqber) mTeli brZolis veli moicva. mowinave rigebSi myofi Zvirfasi hamza, romelic ujavSno Zalebs meTaurobda, xmalaRmarTuli urwmunoebs daeria da usazRvro
brZolis JiniT Sepyrobilma halid bin velidis SearaRebuli
Zalebi swrafadve moigeria. halid bin velidma muslimebisTvis zurgSi dartymis mizniT, aineinis mTisTvis Semovla
daapira, magram aq ganlagebulma abdullahis mSvildosnebma
warmarTebs Savi dRe ayares.
gacxarebuli brZola gaCaRda. orive mxare mTeli ZalRoniT ibrZoda. yovel sahabes, sul mcire, oTx warmarTTan
uxdeboda brZola. ase miiwevda islamis jari win. Zvirfasi hamza Tan allahs uTvlida qeba didebas, tanac mters
anadgurebda da win ase miiwevda. warmarTi safvan bin umei-
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ie, mosalodneli jildos gulisTvis hamzas brZolis velze daeZebda da irgvliv myofT ekiTxeboda, hamza sad aris,
maCveneTo. erTxelac man erTi pirovneba SeniSna, romelic
ori xmliT ibrZoda da ikiTxa, es vin ariso, mas upasuxes, es
is hamzaa, romelsac Sen daeZebo. saffanma Tqva: aseTi Zlieri da Jiniani meomari dRemde arsad minaxavso.
brZola kulminaciur wertils aRwevda. amasobaSi mujahidTagan zubeir bin avvami, imis gamo, rom Suamavalma Tavisi
xmali mas ar misca, mowyenili iyo. man TavisTvis Cailaparaka: `allahis Suamavals xmali vTxove, magram man ebu dujjanes misca. Tumca me misi mamidaSvili da amave dros yyuraiSi
var. garda amisa, pirvelma me vTxove xmali, aba, erTi waval
da vnaxav ebu dujjane Cemze mets, ras akeTebs?~ man ebu
dujjanes dauwyo Tvalyuris devneba. ebu dujjane allahis
sadidebeli (allahu eqber) SeZaxilebiT, warmarTebs musrs
avlebda. warmarTTagan erT-erT yvelaze Zliers, sastiksa da zorba tanis patrons, romelsac jaWvis perangidan
mxolod Tvalebi mouCanda, swored ebu dujjanes Seetaka.
pirvelad warmarTma mouqnia xmali ebu dujjanes, magram
sahabem mas Tavisi fari Seageba da warmarTis xmali mis farSi SeerWo. warmarTma iaraRis amoZroba scada, magram amaod.
amasobaSi ebu dujaanem allahis Suamavlis naCuqari xmali
mters gadaartya da suli gaafrTxobina.
amis Semdeg ebu dujjanem kidev erT urwmunos mouspo
sicocxle da ebu sufeanis cols, hindis pirispir SeeCexa.
man mis mosaklavad xmali moimarjva, magram uceb gadaifiqra. rodesac zubeir bin avvamma naxa,Tu rogor ibrZoda ebu
dujjane, TavisTvis Cailaparaka: `allahis Suamavalma Cemze
ukeT icis, Tu vis unda misces xmali. vficav allahs, me masze Zlieri mebrZoli arsad minaxavs~
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miqdad bin esvedi, zubeir bin avvami, keTilSobili ali,
omari, talha bin ubeidullahi da musab bin umeiri brZolaSi auRebeli cixesimagreni iyvnen. . didebuli sahabeebs,
uhudis brZola
o
imis danaxvaze, Tu rogor axlos iyo allahis Suamavali
mterTan, sabrZolo Jini ematebodaT. gamomdinare iqidan,
rom kacobriobis siamayeze urwmunoTa Tavdasxmebi gaxSirda, isini SiSobdnen, mas raime ziani ar midgomoda. amitom
Suamavlis irgvliv ikribebodnen da jaWvis perangSi Semosil mters amosunTqvis saSualebas ar aZlevdnen. am dros
abdullah bin amri brZolis velze Sehidad daeca. es uhudis
brZolis pirveli Sehidi iyo. roca sahabeebma SeniSnes, rom
abdullah bin amri mokles, uzenaesi allahis gulisTvis
mtris jarSi lomebiviT Sevardnen.
gacxarebuli brZolis dros erTmaneTs simamacis simbolo, Zvirfasi abdullah bin jaSi da mSvildosanTa meTauri
sa’d bin ebi vayyasi Sexvdnen. orive daWrili iyo. Zvirfasi
sa’d bin ebi vayyasi mogviTxrobs: `uhudis omSi umowyalo
brZola mimdinareobda, am dros moulodnelad abdullah
bin jaSi momvarda xeli momkida, kldis ZirSi mimiyvana da
miTxra: `aba axla Sen Seavedre me `aamiins~ vityvi, Semdeg ki
me Sevavedreb da `aamiin~ Sen Tqvi!” davTanxmdi da uzenaes
allahs ase Sevavedre: `Cemo allaho! Zlieri mebrZolebs Semaxvedre, raTa maT SevebrZolo, gavanadguro da ukan mSvidobiT davbrunde. abdullahi Cem mier aRvlenil vedrebas
gulis siRrmidan amosuli `aaminiT~ pasuxobda.
Semdeg man TviTon daiwyo vedreba: `Cemo allaho! me Zlieri mteri Semaxvedre, raTa mas daundoblad vebrZolo. jihadis sakadrisi mivuzRo, yvela gavanadguro da bolos mec
Sehidad davece. Semdeg man, vinc me momklavs, yurebi, tuCebi
da cxviri momkveTos. da roca Sens winaSe warvsdgebi da
mkiTxav: `abdullah! yurebs, tuCebs da cxvirs ra uyavi?~
gipasuxeb: `Cemo allaho! me imiTi bevri codva Cavidine, ver
gamoviyene isini imistvis, risTvisac miboZe, Semrcxva miTi
Sens winaSe mosvlis~. guls ar surda aseTi vedrebaze `aaminis~ Tqma magram mas ase undoda da Tanac sityva mqonda
micemuli, amitomac iZulebuli viyavi `aamin~ meTqva.
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amis Semdeg isev viSiSvleT xmlebi da brZola gavagrZeleT. vinc Cven SegvebrZoleboda, sicocxles vasalmebdiT.
abdullahi mters mxned da Seupovrad Tavs esxmoda da mtris
rigebs aqeT-iqeT fantavda. Sehidad dacemis surviliT Sepyrobili wamsac ki ar kargavda uqmad. brZolis dros sul
allahs adidebda (allahu eqber). rodesac xmali gautyda,
sayvarelma Suamavalma xurmis toti gauwoda da ubrZana
brZola gaegrZelebina. es xurmis toti saswaulebrivad xmlad iqca da man mtris kafva ganagrZo. ramdenime mowinaaRmdege gamoasalma sicocxles, xolo brZolis miwuruls ebul
haqemis gatyorcnili isris samizne gaxda da nanatr Sehidobas miarwia. Sehidad dacemisTanave mas urwmunoebi daesivnen cxviri, tuCebi, yurebi mohkveTes da misi sxeuli sisxlis gubeSi datoves.
mujahidTagan quzmanma qarqaSi daamtvria, warmoTqva, gaqcevas brZolis velze sikvdili jobiao, warmarTTa rigebSi
SiSveli xmliT Sevarda da udidesi gmiroba gamoiCina. man
martom Svid Tu rva urwmonos daubnela mze, Semdegki daiWra da Zirs daeca. sahabeebi misi aseTi gmirobiT gaocebululni darCnen da yvelaferi sayvarel Suamavals acnobes.
Suamavalma ki ase brZana: `is jojoxeTiseulia~. yaTade bin
numani quzmanTan mivida da Sehidad dacema miuloca. quzmanma miugo:` me sarwmunoebis gamo ki ara, aramed imisTvis
vibrZodi, raTa yuraiSebi medinaSi ar mosuliyvnen da Cemi
xurmis baRebi ar gaenadgurebinaT~. am sityvebis Semdeg isari venebSi SeirWo da Tavi moikla. aqedan naTeli gaxda, Tu
ratom Tqva masze sayvarelma Suamavalma: `is jojoxeTiseuliao.~
am brZolaSi sayvareli Suamavlis meTaurobiT yvela sahabem udidesi gmiroba gamoiCina. Tavganwiruli SetevebiT
warmarTTa jars musrs avlebdnen. xisa da qvisgan gakeTebul laTis, uzzasa, da hubelis kerpebisgan daxmarebis mTxovneli, mujahidebis Tavganwiruli gmirobiT daSinebuli
warmarTebma daiSalnen da gaqceviT uSveles Tavs, xolo maT
294 gasamxiaruleblad da wasaqezeblad wamosulma qalebma wi-
n
uhudis brZola
o
vil-kivili atexes da gaqceul mebrZolebs daedevnen.
warmarTebma is qonebac brZolis velze dayares, romelic
Tan hqondaT motanili, xolo islamis jarma uzenaes allahs dapirebuli gamarjvebis boZebisaTvis udidesi madloba aRuvlina.
miuxedavad imisa, rom warmarTebi musulmanebtan SedarebiT mravalricxovanni iyvnen maT sruli fiasko ganicades.
brZolis velidan warmarTebi ise garbodnen, rom erTmaneTs
fexveS Telavdnen, xolo Rirseuli sahabeebi maT kvalSi
misdevdnen da visac daeweodnen, sicocxles asalmebdnen.
am areulobaSi axladdaqorwinebuli hanzala bin ebu amrma
cxeniT gaqceul ebu sufians daewia. cxens fexebze xmali
Semohkra da daaCoqa, am dros Zirs davardnilma ebu sufianma yvirili morTo: “yureaiSelebo! modiT, damexmareT! me
ebu sufiani var, hanzalas Cemi xmliT akuwva unda”, magram
yuraiSebs Tavisi uWirdaT, ukanmouxedavad garbodnen da
TavianTi jaris sardali aravis axsendeboda.
Tumca am dros hanzalas ukan myofma warmarTma Seddad
bin esvedma mas Subi uknidan Casca. Zvirfas hanzalas surda
warmarTisTvis samagiero miezRo, magram Zalagamoleulma
es veRar SeZlo, Sehidad daeca da misi suli samoTxeSi gafrinda. allahis sayvarelma Suamavalma brZana: `davinaxe, rom
angelozebi casa da dedamiwis Soris hanzalas vercxlisfer
langarSi wvimis wyliT bandnen~. ebu useidi mogviTxrobs:
`roca allahis Suamavalma ase Tqva, hanzalasTan mivedi da
davinaxe, rom mas Tavidan wvimis wveTebi Camosdioda. davbrundi da es ambavi allahis Suamavals vuambe. man: `Rasilul melaiqe~ (angelozebma ganbanes) mipasuxa.
aineinis mTis gasavlelSi mdgomma mSvildosnebma, roca
SeniSnes rom warmarTebi garbodnen, ifiqres, ukve brZola
damTavrdao da TavianTi adgilebi miatoves. mxolod maT
meTaurs abdullah bin jubeirsa da Tormet mSvildosans ar
moucvliaT fexi adgilidan.
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keTilSobili alis gmiroba
am dros, yoveli xelsayreli momentis gamosayeneblad
srul mzadyofnaSi myofma, yuraiS mSvildosanTa SenaerTis
sardalma halid bin velidma, roca mTis gasasvlelSi mujahidebis simcire SeniSna, maSinve Tavis gankargulebaSi myof,
cxenosnebs brZaneba misca da iqrime bin ebi jehlTan erTad
aineinis gasasvlelTan mivida. abdullah bin jubeirma Tavis Tavganwirul, erTgul megobrebTan erTad xazi Sekra da
brZolaSi Caeba. manamde ibrZoles mtris winaaRmdeg, sanam
isrebi gauTavdaT, Semdeg ki warmarTebs SubebiT daerivnen
da udidesi gmiroba gamoiCines. morwmuneebsa da urwmunoTa
Soris uTanasworo brZolaSi, didebulma sahabeebma allahis Suamavlis brZanebis Sesasruleblad sisxlis ukanasknel
wveTamde ibrZoles. yvela maTganma gmiruli saxeli datova
da isini Sehidebad aResrulen.
daboRmilma warmarTebma Zvirfasi abdullahis cxedari
SubebiT akuwes, Semdeg ki mucelze gaWres da Signeuli gareT gamoyares.
mas Semdeg, rac halid bin velidma da iqrimem mTis gasasvlelSi mdgomi mujahidebi Sehidebad aqcies, maT, mTeli siswrafiT, islamis jars zurgidan Seuties. am moulodnelma
Tavdasxmam sahabeebi daabnia da maT gadawyoba veRar moaxerxes. zogierT maTgans iaraRic ki daeyara miwaze. yvelaferi
uceb Seicvala. rodesac warmarTTa ZiriTadma Zalam, romelsac brZolis veli mitovebuli hqonda, halid bin velidis sajariso nawilis gaafTrebuli Seteva dainaxa, ukan
mobrunda, ris gamoc mujahidebma or cecxls Sua moeqcnen.
mterma maT yvela mxridan Seutia, muslimebma erTmaneTTan
kavSiris damyarebac veRar moaxerxes da daifantnen..
keTilSobili ali mogviTxrobs:
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`warmarTTa erT-erT qvedayofSi SeviWeri, sadac iqrime
bin ebi jehlic imyofeboda. alya Semomartyes, magram maTgan
uhudis brZola
o
uamravi xmliT avkuwe. Semdeg kidev sxva SenaerTs Sevutie da
iqac uamravi mwyobridan gamoviyvane, radganac sikvdili ar
mewera, gadavrCi. irgvliv mimovixede da allahis Suamavali
rom ver davinaxe, CemTvis Cavilaparake: `vficav is, iseTi
pirovneba ar aris, rom brZolis veli miatovos da gaiqces.
rogorc Cans uzenaesma allahma, Cveni Seuferebeli saqcielis gamo, igi Cvengan waiyvana~. ukve brZolaSi sikvdilis
garda, sxva gza aRar damrCenoda. Semdeg qarqaSi davamtvrie
da warmarTTa winaaRmdeg isev Setevaze gadavedi, am mtrebs
Soris allahis sayvareli Suamavali davinaxe. maSin mivxvdi, rom uzenaesi allahi sayvarel Suamavals angelozebiT
icavda~.
mtris jari ukeTilSobilesi allahis Suamavals miuaxlovda. mdgomareoba Zalian saxifaTo iyo. sayvareli Suamavali
erTi, mTliani samxedro SenaerTis msgavsad medgrad idga
da adgilidan fexs ar icvlida. erTi mxriv, mters ebrZoda, xolo meore mxriv ki mimofantul sahabeebs Sekrebisa
da erTad dgomisken mouwodebda: `modiT! CemTan modiT! me
allahis Suamavali var! vinc CemTan dabrundeba da iomebs, mas
samoTxe elis~. keTilSobilma ebu beqirma, abdurrahman bin
avfma, talha bin ubeidullahma, ali bin ebi talibma, zubeir
bin avvamma, ebu dujanem, ebu ubeide bin jerrahma, sa’d bin
muazma, sa’d bin ebi vayyam, habbab bin munzirma, useid bin
hudairma, selh bin hanifma, aasim bin sabiTma da haris bin
simmem sayvareli Suamavlis irgvliv wre Sekres da mis dasacavad cocxal kedlad aRimarTnen.
am dros Zvirfasma abbas bin ubadem sahabeebs, maTi erTad Sekrebis mizniT, ase mimarTa: `Cemo Zmebo! is ubedureba,
rac Tavs dagavatyda, sayvareli Suamavlis brZanebebis Seusruleblobis Sedegia. nu daifantebiT! Suamavlis irgvliv
SeikribeT! Cven Tu mas ar davicavT da misTvis zianis miyenebis mizezi gavxdebiT, maSin diadi gamCenis winaSe sityvis
Tqmis ufleba aRar gveqneba.~ amis Semdeg, Zvirfasma abbas
bin ubade, harije bin zeidisa da evs bin eqremis TanxlebiT 297
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allahis sadidebeli SeZaxilebiT (allahu eqber) da SiSveli
xmlebiT brZolaSi gadaeSvnen. allahis Suamavlis gulisTvis da mis dasacavad gmirulad da TavganwirviT ibrZoles.
harije bin zeidma cxrameti Wriloba miiRo, arc danarCenebs
hqondaT masze naklebi Wrilobebi, bolos ki samive maTganma
nanatr Sehidobas miaRwia.
am metad kritikul momentSi sahabeebi nel-nela sayvareli
Suamavlis irgvliv Seikribnen. warmarTebi, romlebmac sayvareli Suamavali da muslimanebi alyaSi moaqcies, yvela mxridan jguf-jgufad win miiwevdnen da alyas ufro da ufro
aviwroebdnen. roca sayvarelma Suamavalma, misken momavali
moieriSe warmarTTa Sjgufi SeniSna, irgvliv myof, TavganwirviT mebrZol sahabeebs mimarTa: `am SenaerTs vin daxvdeba?~ Zvirfasma vehb bin qabusma maSinve iyvira: “Cemi Tavi
genacvalos allahis Suamavalo me davxdebi magaT~ da elvis
siswrafiT gaiWra win. gmiri mebrZoli, romelic gamudmebiT
allahis saxels axsenebda, SiSveli xmliT warmarTebs daeria sayvarelma Suamavalma brZana: `vehb bin qabus, samoTxes
gimaxarobleb!~ rodesac man vehbis mier gamoCenili simtkice da simamace dainaxa, allahs Seevedra: `Cemo allaho!
Seiwyale, Seicode is!~
roca sa’d bin vayyasma dainaxa, rom warmarTebma Zvirfasi
vehbi alyaSi moamwyvdies, dasaxmareblad mtris jgufSi SeiWra da arnaxuli gmiroba gamoiCina. uTanasworo brZolaSi
vehbi Sehidad daiRupa, xolo uamrav urwmunos daubnela
mze, danarCenebs ki ukan daaxevina.roca is sayvarel SuamavalTan mivida, misgan Seqeba miiRo: `me Sengan kmayofili var,
uzenaesi allahic iyos kmayofili.~
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roca ukeTilSobilesma Suamavalma SeniSna, rom mtris
jari, romelsac mujahidTa wre gaerRvia, misken moiwevda,
keTilSobil alis ubrZana: `maT Seutie!~ keTilSobilma alim
es brZaneba maSinve aitaca amr bin abdullahs sicocxle
mouspo, xolo danarCenebma Tavs mxolod gaqceviT uSveles.
uhudis brZola
o
roca Zvirfas alis xmali gautyda, sayvarel Suamavalma Tavisi xmali (zufiyari) misca, xolo rodesac urwmunoTa kidev erTma jgufma daapira allahis wminda Suamavalze ieriSi mitana, man isev alis ubrZana: `ali! amacile Tavidan amaTi
boroteba!~ Tavganwirulad mebrZoli allahis lomi, maSinve Setevaze gadavida Seibe bin maliqi sicoxles gamoasalma
xolo danarCenebi ki moigeria. am dros sayvarel Suamavals
angelozi jibrili gamoecxada da acnoba: `es yvelaferi alis
mier gamoCenili udidesi mamacobaa~. sayvarelma Suamavalma
warmosTqva: `is Cemiania, xolo me misiani var~, xolo jebrail
angelozma ki aRniSna: “me ki orive TqvenTagani varo~ brZana.
am dros xma gaisma: `alisTana mamaci da zulfiqaris msgavsi
xmali ar moiZebneba~.
rodesac warmarTebi mixvdnen, rom sayvarel SuamavalTan
axlos misvla SeuZlebeli iyo, isrebis srola daiwyes. isrebi sayvarel Suamavals, xan Tavze gaduvlida, xan mis win,
xan marjvniv da xanac marcxniv ecemoda. , rodesac Tavganwirulma sahabebma es SeniSnes, maSinve qveynierebis batonis
irgvliv Seikribnen da gatyorcnili isrebisgan mis madlmosili sxeuls fariviT aefarnen. maSin sayvarelma Suamavalma
sahabeebs ubrZana, rom am SetevisTvis isrebiTve epasuxaT.
Suamavalma saa’d bin ebu vayyasi Tavistan daayena, radgan is
zedmiwevniT marjve meisre iyo. saa’d bin vayyasi CanTidan yoveli isris amoRebis dros uzenaes allahs ase evedreboda:
`Cemo gamCeno, es isari Senia, amiTve gaanadgure Seni mteri!~
Tavis mxriv allahis wminda Suamavalic saa’ds amxnevebda da
eubneboda: `saa’d, midi, gaagrZele! Cemi Tavi genacvalos!~
roca saa’ds isrebi gauTavda, sayvarel Suamavalma Tavisi
isrebi misca. saa’dis gatyorcnili, yoveli isari an mters
xvdeboda an kidev im cxovels, romelzec mteri ijda.
rodesac warmarTebi isrebs isrodnen, Zvirfasi ebu talha sayvarel Suamavals fariviT efareboda, tanac iseTi
Tavzardamcemi xmiT yviroda, rom warmarTebs Tavgza ebneo-
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j
daT. amis Sesaxeb sayvareli Suamavali brZanebs: `mebrZolTa Soris ebu talhas xma as kacze ufro Zlieria!~ ebu talha,
roca dros ixelTebda, arc isris styorcnaSi ixevda ukan.
am saqmes mtkiced da mizandasaxulad akeTebda da isars mizans ar acdenda. sayvarel Suamavals ainteresebda miaRwevda Tu ara ebu talhas gastyorcnili isari mizans, amitomac
xSirad Tavs wamowevda da sayvarel sahabes Tvals adevnebda.
magram ebu talha SiSobda, rom mtris mier gasrolili isari
ukeTilSobiles Suamavals moxvdeboda da mas xSir-xSirad
mimarTavda: `Cemi sicocxle genacvaloT allahis Suamavalo, Tavi daxareT, mtris isari ar mogxvdeT! Cemi sxeuli Sens madlmosil sxeuls enacvalos. sanam me gamomWrian
yels, manamde Senamde ver moaRweven, sanam me cocxali var,
Tqven isari ver SegexebaT~.
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uhudis velis yovel mxares sastiki da sisxlismRvreli
brZola mZvinvarebda. zogi cxenze amxedrebuli, zogic
qveiTad TavganwirviT ibrZoda. sahabeebi mtris moulodneli
kontrSetevis Semdeg gons mosuli bolomde ar iyvnen, amitom allahis sayvareli Suamavlis irgvliv sul raRas ocdaaT sahabes moeyara tavi da sayvareli Suamavlis sicocxle
tavianTi sxeulebiT icavdnen. maTi erTaderTi survili misi
usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa da misi brZanebis unaklod
Sesruleba iyo. mamacTa mxedarmTavari, Zvirfasi hamza am
umowyalo brZolaSi sayvareli Suamavlisgan Sors darCeniliyo da moZalebul mters ori xmliT gmirulad ibrZoda.
allahi udidesia (allahu eqber) gaiZaxoda igi da warmarTebs SiSis zars scemda. man brZolis dros ocdaaTamde urwmunos mouspo sicocxle da uamrav maTgans an xeli anac
fexi mohkveTa.. maSin, roca Zvirfasi hamza irgvliv Semojarul urwmunoebs igeriebda, sibaa bin ummu enmarma SesZaxa: `arsebobs iseTi mamaci, vinc me SemebrZoleba?~ Zvirfasma
hamzam miugo: `momiaxlovdi, Se naZirala e.i Sen allahisa da
misi Suamavlis winaaRmdeg gamodixar ara?~ uTxra Tu ara
es, fexebze mokida xeli da Tvalis daxamxamebaSi cxenidan
uhudis brZola
o
CamoaTria. Semdeg fexi sxeulze daadga da Tavi mohkveTa. am
dros Soriaxlos kldesTan mdgomi vahSi SeniSna, romelic
mas Subs umiznebda. maSinve misken gaiqca, magram niaRvrisgan
gaCenil ormosTan rom miaRwia, fexi dausxlta da waiqca.
swored maSin, mucelze jaWvis perangi gaexsna, riTac vahSma
isargebla da Subi styorcna. Subi Zvirfasi hamzas madlmosil mkerdSi moxvda. gmirma meomarma, Cemo allahoo, SesZaxa
da CaiCoqa. swored ase xvda wilad nanatri Sehidoba Zvirfas
hamzas. man sicocxle, uzenaesi allahisa da sayvareli Suamavalis gulisTvis gaswira.
am dros mtris rigebidan, gaisma xma, romelic warmarTebs
kacobriobis siamayis winaaRmdeg brZolisken mouxmobda:
`yuraiSno, naTesauri uflebebis Semlaxavi, xalxis gamTiSveli muhammedis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi ukan ar daixioT! muhammedi Tu gadarCeba, me nu vicocxleb!~ es, aasim bin avfis xma iyo. ebu dujanem misi xma gaigona, mteri ipova da
maSinve sicocxle mouspo. magram mis ukan myofma warmarTma
ma’bedma ebu dujanes mTeli ZaliT mouqnia xmali, Tumca
uzenaesi allahis wyalobiT, ebu dujanem swrafad CaiCoqa
da momakvdinebel dartymas gadaurCa. maSinve mabeds mivarda da sicocxle mouswrafa.
yuraiSi warmarTebis mTavari samizne allahis wminda Suamavali iyo. masTan miaxlobisTvis aranair Zalas iSurebdnen, magram im sahabeebis winaRmdegoba, romlebic sayvareli
Suamavlis irgvliv farvanasaviT trialebdnen da misTvis
sulsac ki ar iSurebdnen, vera da ver gadalaxes. gmrulad mebrZolma ocdaaTma mamacma sayvarel Suamavals sityva misca:
`allahis Suamavalo! Sen gverdidan ar mogSordebiT, Cveni
saxeebi Seni saxis faria, xolo Cven sxeuls Seni madlmosili
sxeulis dasacavad gavwiravT. oRond Sen iyo usafrTxod”.
warmarTebi allahis wminda Suamavals jguf-jgufad Tavs
esxmodnen. samyaros ukeTilSobilesma Suamavalma sahabeebs
warmarTTa erTi jgufisken miuTiTa da ikiTxa: `uzenaesi
allahis gzaze, CvenTvis vin gaswiravs sicocxles?~. am dros 301
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xuTi medineli sahabe win gamovida, TavganwirviT ibrZoles
da bolos oTxi maTgani Sehidad daeca, xolo mexuTe ToTxmeti Wrilobis miRebis Semdeg Zirs daeca. es rom sayvarelma
Suamavalma SeniSna brZana: `is CemTan axlos moiyvaneT!~. mas
mTeli sxeulidan sisxli sdioda. sayvareli Suamavali dajda da misi Tavi muxlebze daido, amgvarad bednierma sahabem,
Zvirfasma umare bin iezidma sayvareli Suamavlis muxlebze
Sehidad ganuteva suli.
talha bin ubeidullahis gmiroba
roca warmarTebi sayvarel Suamavals kidev ufro miuaxlovdnen, man didebul sahabeebs hkiTxa: `eshabno! vin
SeewinaaRmdegeba da vin SeaCerebs maT?~ Zvirfasma talha bin
ubeidullahma Tqva: `allahis Suamavalo! me SevaCereb maT”.
Suamavalma, vin aris kidev Sennairio, ikiTxa? am dros medinel sahabeTagan erT-erTma Suamavlisgan neba iTxova, Semdeg
win gavida da warmarTebs Tavs daesxa. mowinaaRmdegesTan
brZolaSi arnaxuli gmiroba gamoiCina, ramdenime urwmunos
mouspo sicocxle da bolos isic Sehidad daeca.
amgvarad Suamavlis irgvliv myofi sahabeebi brZolis
velze Sehidad daecnen. mis gverdiT aRaravin darCa garda talha bin ubeidullahisa. Zvirfasi talha SeSfoTebuli iyo, SiSobda, sayvarel Suamavals araferi mouvideso da
mtris winaaRmdeg TavganwirviT ibrZoda. is arfrad agdebda
mtris mier SubiT, xmliT miyenebul dartymebs. misi udidesi
survili, samyaros batonis dacva da mis gulisTvis sakuTari Tavis gawirva iyo. tanze dauzianebeli adgili aRar
darCenoda. mTeli sxeuli dasisxlianebuli hqonda. magram
miuxedavad igi Suamavals Tavze farvanasaviT dastrialebda. am dros keTilSobili ebu beqiri da saa’d bin ebi vayyasi
ukeTilSobiles SuamavalTan mividnen.
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amasobaSi gmirTagmir Zvirfas talhas sakmaod bevri sisxli daekarga da gonebadakarguli Zirs dacemuliyo. mTeli
uhudis brZola
o
sxeuli SubiTa, xmliT hqonda daCexili. samocdaeqvsi didi
da Zalian bevri patara Wriloba mieRo. sayvarelma Suamavalma, keTilSobil ebu beqrs ubrZana, saswrafod Zvirfas
talha bin ubeidullahs miSveleboda. simarTlismoyvare
ebu beqirma talhas gons mosayvanad, mas saxeze civi wyali Seasxura. talha bin ubeidullahi gons moego Tu ara
ebu beqirisadmi udidesi pativiscema gamoxata da hkiTxa:
`allahis Suamavali rogor aris?” roca eba beqirma upasuxa, rom allahis Suamavali kargad aris SenTan swored man
gamomgzavnao, talha bin ubeidullahma mSvidad amoisunTqa
allahs madloba gadauxada da Tqva: `is Tu cocxalia, danarCeni ubedureba araferia~. amasobaSi iq kidev ramdenime
sahabe mosuliyo.
Semdeg Zvirfas talhasTan ukeTilSobilesi muhammedi mibrZanda. rodesac daWrilma mujahidma allahis Suamavali
saRsalamaTi dainaxa,sixarulisgan atirda. sayvarelma Suamavalma mujahid talhas sxeulze xeli gadausva, Semdeg xelebi
aRapyro da uzenaes allahs ase Seevedra: `Cemo allaho! igi
gamoajanmrTele da Zala mieci!~. allahis Suamavlis vedreba
allahma ismina, talha bin ubeidullahi saRsalamaTi wamodga fexze da mtris winaaRmdeg brZola ganagrZo. sayvareli
Suamavali Zvirfas talhas Sesaxeb ase gadmogcems: `uhudis
brZolis dRes, marjvniv jibril angelozis, xolo marcxniv
talha bin ubeidullahs garda, gverdiT aravin medga. visac
dedamiwaze samoTxis Rirsi adamianis naxva unda, talha bin
ubeidullas Sexedos~.
brZola warmougeneli sisastikiT grZeldeboda. sayvareli Suamavlis dasacavad, ebu dujanes, medroSe musab bin umeiris, talha bin ubeidullahis garda ukana xazidan nesibe
haTuni ramdenime sahabesTan erTad mosuliyo. isini allahis SuamavalTan erTad warmarTTa winaaRmdeg TavganwirviT
ibrZodnen. Tavidan fexebamde jaWvis perangiT Semosilma,
Cafxutianma da umowyalo abdullah bin huneidma, sayvareli Suamavali rom dainaxa, cxens dezi hkra da iyvira: `me 303
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zuheiris Svili var, maCveneT sad aris muhammedi, rom an is
movkla, an mec masTan erTad unda movkvde”. rodesac man
cxeni sayvareli Suamavlisken gaaWena, Zvirfasi ebu dujane
win gadaudga da uTxra: “modi aba! me is pirovneba var vinc
sakuTari sxeuliT ukeTilSobiles Suamavals icavs, sanam me
gadamivli, manamde masTan ver miaRwev!” Semdeg cxens fexebze xmali Semohkra, abdullah bin huneidi Zirs Camoagdo,
xmali aRmarTa huneids gauyara da Tan uTxra: `miiRe hareSis Svilisgan!” am movlenis mxilveli, samyaros batoni uzenaes allahs ase Seevedra: `Cemo allaho! rogorc me gavxvdi
kmayofili hareSis Svilisgan (ebu dujanesgan) Senc ise gaxdi
misiT kmayofili~.
warmarTagan erT-erTi yvelaze seupovari mebrZoli, maliq bin zuheiri, romlis arcerTi natyorcni isari mizans
ar cdeboda, yvelgan ukeTilSobiles Suamavls daeZebda,
raTa Sesaferisi dro epova da misTvis sicocxle moeswrafa.
maliqi allahis Suamavls miuaxlovda, mSvildi moWima, sayvarel Suamavlis Tavi mizanSi amoiRo da isari esrola.wamis
measedic da isari mizanSi moxvdeboda, magram am dros Zvirfasma talham mtris nasrols sakuTari xeli Seageba. isari
mas xelis gulSi moxvda, TiTebis yvela nervi gauwyvita
da xelis Zvlebi daumtvria. momxdari kacobriobis siamayem
sakuTari TvaliT ixila. man Zvirfas talhas ase mimarTa:
`roca Cem dasacavad xeli gaiwvdine, allahis saxeli rom gexsenebina, adamianebi dainaxavdnen, Tu rogor agamaRlebdnen
angelozebi zecamde~.
meqqel warmarTTagan oTxma abdullah bin yamiam, ubei bin
halefim, uTbe bin ebi vayyasim da abdullah bin Sihabma fici
dades, rom ukeTilSobilesi allahis Suamavlis likvidacias moaxdendnen. aseT kritikul viTarebaSi allahis sayvareli Suamavali ramdenime sahabesTan erTad mtris winaaRmdeg pirispir ibrZoda. mis win medroSe, Zvirfasi mus’ab bin
umeiri idga, romelic jaWvis perangCacmuli Zalian hgavda
304 sayvarel Suamavals. isic islamis droSiT xelSi, mosisxle
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uhudis brZola
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mtris winaaRmdeg saocari TavdadebiT ibrZoda. am dros mas,
cxenze amxedrebuli, jaWvis perangiT Semosili ibni yamia miuaxlovda, romelmac mTeli xmiT iyvira: `maCveneT sad aris
muhammedi, an mas movklav an Tavs ar vicocxleb~, Semdeg
cxens dezi hkra da sayvareli Suamavlisken gaeqana. am dros
Zvirfasi mus’abi da qalbatoni nesibe haTuni mas win aRudgnen da sayvareli Suamavlis dasacavad Tavdadebul brZolaSi Caebnen. brZolis dros ramdenjerac am urwmunos xmali dahkres, imdenjer misma jaWvis perangma aisxlita. ibn
yamiam nesibe haTuns xmlis erTi dartymiT mxari moaglija.
Semdeg mus’abs miuvarda da marjvena xeli, romliTac sahabe islamis droSas afrialebda, mohkveTa. musabma is droSa,
romelsac sakuTar sicocxleze maRla ayenebda, maSinve marcxena xelSi gadaitana. maSin musahbma, sura `imranis~ 144-e
aiaTi ikiTxa romlis mniSvnelobac aseTia: `ukeTilSoblesi
muhammedi Suamavalia, mis movlenamdec mosulan sxva Suamavlebi~ am dros mas ibn yamiam xmali marcxena xelze dahkra da
isic mohkveTa, magram miuxedavaT amisa, is didebuli sahabe
islamis droSas miwaze mainc ar agdebda, idayvebiT mkerdSi
Caixuta da ise eWira. gaafTrebulma urwmunom amjerad xmali mkerdSi Casca, ris Sedegadac mus’abi Tavis megobrebis
msgavsad Sehidad iqca.
rodesac gangmiruli mus’abi miwaze daeca, islamis droSa Zirs mainc ar davardnila. mas maSinve mus’abis formaSi
Sesul angelozma daavlo xeli, xolo Semdeg kacobriobis
siamayem droSa alis gadasca.
ibni yamias mokluli mus’abi sayvareli Suamavali egona,
amitom maSinve warmarTebTan miirbina da muhammedi movkalio, yvirili daiwyo. am sityvebis gamgone da warmatebis
sixaruliT Sepyrobili warmarTebi ufro sastikni gaxdnen.
sahabeebs, romlebmac ar icodnen, sinamdvileSi ra xdeboda,
Tavgza aebnaT. irgvliv samgloviaro qari qroda. keTilSobil omarsac ki xelebidan Zal-Rone gamoecala da megobrebTan erTad miwaze uZravad ijda. rodesac enes bin nadrma 305
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isini aseT mdgomareobaSi ixila hkiTxa, ratom zixarTo.
maT upasuxes: `allahis Suamavali Sehidad daeca!~ Zvirfasma enesma miugo: `is Tu Sehidad daeca, misi gamCeni (uzenaesi allahi) marad cocxalia. Tu allahis Suamavlis Semdeg
cocxlebi davrCebiT, ra unda vakeToT? adeqiT, vibrZoloT!
risTvisac Suamavalma Tavisi madlmosili sicocxle gaswira,
Cvenc imisTvis daveceT brZolis velze~. am sityvebis Semdeg
Zvirfasma enesma qarqaSi daamtvria allahi adida (allahu
eqber) da SiSveli xmliT mtris jarSi Sevarda. uamravi urwmuno gawyvita da bolos TviTonac Sehidad daeca. Zvirfas eness, mxolod saxeze, samocdaaTamde Wriloba hqonda,
xolo sxeulze kidev meti. amitom misi cnoba sakuTari dis
garda veravin SeZlo.
sahabeTa erTi nawili gafantuli iyo, meore nawili ki Sehidad dacemuliyo. warmarTebmaaseTi mdgomareobiT ixeltes
da ukeTilSobiles Suamavals gars Semoejarnen. qvebiTa da
xmlebiTc SeiaraRebulni, orive samyaros mzis mosaklavad
yvelafers akeTebdnen. sayvarel Suamavals tanT ori wyvili
jaWvis perangi ecva, amitom dartymebi bevrs verafers vnebda. uTbe bin vayyasis mier gasrolili qvebi sayvarel Suamavals madlmosil tuCze moxvda da gauWra. qveda ybis marjvena
mWrel kbilzec moxvda da motexa. am dros masTan warmarTi
ibni yamia mivarda da qveynierebis batons xmali madlmosil
Tavze dasca. sayvarel Suamavals Cafxuti daemtvra da misi
ori natexi safeTqelSi CaerWo. igive ibn yamias dartymiT
mxarSi daiWra da ebu amris mier, muslimanebis maxed gamzadebul ormoSi Cavarda. sayvarelma Suamavalma veragi ibn
yaimas dasasjelad uzenaes allahs ase Seevedra: `uzenaesma
allahma araraobad gaqcios!~ ibni yamia Tavisma aseTma saqcielma metismetad gaaxara da `muhammedi movkali! muhammedi
movkali!~-s... yviriliT ebu sufeanTan mivida. warmarTebi
fiqrobdnen, rom mizans miaRwies da Suamavlis mosaklavad
aRar ibrZodnen. im ormos, romelSic sayvareli Suamavali
306 Caagdes ganSordnen da sahabeebs Seuties.
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uhudis brZola
o
ormoSi Cavardil ukeTilSobiles Suamavals madlmosili loyebidan sisxli sdioda. roca xelebi saxeze moisva,
naxa rom Zvirfasi wveri da xelebi sisxliT iyo SeRebili.
misi sisxlis wveTi Zirs rom ar dacemuliyo, jebrail angelozma mas xeli SeuSvira da Tqva: `allahis sayvarelo
Suamavalo! uzenaesi allahis gulisTvis, Seni sisxlis erTi
wveTic rom daeces miwas, qveynad mcenare aRar aRmocendeba!~ kacobriobis siamaye uzenaes allahs ase Seevedra: `Cemi
erTi wveTi sisxlic ki Zirs rom daeces, zecidan tanjva gardmovlindeba. Cemo gamCeno, Seiwyale Cemi xalxi! radgan maT ar
ician ras sCadian!~ amiT man uzenaes allahis daxmarebiT, im
adamianisTvis isurva WeSmariti gzis povna, vinc misi mokvla
ganizraxa, madlmosil sxeulze xmali dasca da saxe sisxliT
SeuReba.
am dros Zvirfas qaab bin maliqis xmamaRali yvirilis xma
gaisma: `muslimanebo! samaxaroblo ambavi Tqven! ai aqaa, allahis Suamavali!~ am sityvebis gamgone didebuli sahabeebi,
TiTqosda, xelaxla daibadneno, udidesi sixaruliT maSinve iq gaiqcnen, saidanac xma moesmaT. keTilSobilma ali da
talha bin ubeidullahi maSinve iq gaCerdnen da sayvareli
Suamavali ormodan amoiyvanes. Zvirfasma ebu ubeide bin jerrahma sayvarel Suamavals safeTqelSi CarWobili Cafxutis
namtvrevebi kbilebiT amouRo. man rkinis namtvrevebis amoRebisas wina ori kbili moitexa. Zvirfasma maliq bin sinanma
sayvareli Suamavlis madlmosili saxidan Camonadeni sisxli
mowminda. amis Sesaxeb sayvareli Suamavali ase gvamcnobebs:
`Cemi sisxli vis sisxlsac Seeria, mas jojoxeTis cecxli ar
Seexeba~.
warmarTebma Tavdasxma ganaaxles, magram sayvareli Suamavlis cocxlad naxviT gaxarebulma sahabeebi maSinve mis irgvliv jaWvad Seikrnen da arcerTi warmarTi cocxali aRar
datoves. rodesac urwmunoni mixvdnen, rom sayvarel Suamavlze Tavdasxma SeuZlebeli xdeboda, mTisken svla daiwyes. orive samyaros mzem masTan axlos myof Zvirfas saa’d bin 307
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ebi vayyass ubrZana: `mteri ukan daabrune!~ Zvirfasma saa’dma
gaikvirva, es rogor gavakeTo, roca mxolod erTi isari SemomrCao. am dros sayvarelma Suamavalma mas igive brZaneba
gaumeora. maSin mamacma meisrem xeli CanTisken waiRo, isari
amoiRo da styorcna. isarma mizans miaRwia da kidev erTi
warmarTs mouspo sicocxle. rodesac xeli isev CanTisken
waiRo, naxa rom kidev erTi isari hqonda. rodesac daakvirda, mixvda, rom weRandel isari iyo. morig gasrolas kidev
erTi warmarTi Seewira. igive ramdenjerme ganmeorda.. sayvareli Suamavlis am saswaulis wyalobiT sahabe yovelTvis
erTi da igive isars iRebda CanTidan. rodesac yuraiSebma
naxes, rom jariskacebi erTmaneTis miyolebiT exocebodaT,
mTisken svla Sewyvites da ukan dabrundnen.
maTgan erT-erTma, ubeid bin halefma, cxeni sayvareli
Suamavlisken gaaWena da iRriala: `sad aris is kaci romelic Tavis Suamavlobas amtkicebs? aba Cems winaSe wardges
da SemebrZolos!~ mis winaaRmdeg gasvla sahabeebma isurves,
magram sayvarelma Suamavalma amis neba ar darTo. Zvirfasma
haris bin simmem Subi aiRo da win gavida. mdabio ubeim cxens
dezi hkra, Suamavals miuaxlovda da SesZaxa: `muhammed! me
ar vicocxlo, Tu Sen cocxali dagtovo!” ubeii Tavidan
fexebamde jaWvis perangiT iyo Semosili. qveynierebis batonma Subi ubeiis kiserSi styorcna, warmarTma xariviT
iRriala, cxenidan Camovarda da xerxemlis Zvlebi daemtvra.
rodesac sikvdilis piras myofi warmarTebs mihyavdaT igi
butbutebda, me muhammedma momklao.
ukeTilSobilesi allahis Suamavali sahabeebTan erTad
uhudis mTisken gaeSura. roca mTis ZirSi mividnen zeviT
asvla undodaT, magram metismetad daRlilobam, ori wyvili
jaWvis perangis simZimem da garda amisa, samocdaaTze metma,
warmarTebisgan miyenebulma dartymam allahis wminda Suamavals mTaze asvlis Zala aRar dautova. amis gamo talham
igi mxrebze Seisva da mTaze ise aiyvana. amis Sesaxeb say308 varel Suamavalma braZana: `allahis Suamavalze daxmarebis
n
uhudis brZola
o
gamo talhasTvis samoTxe aucilebeli gaxda!~. ZalRone gamoleulma sayvarelma Suamavalma SuadRis locva damjdarma
Seasrula.
mTis kalTaze darCenili TiToeuli, didebuli sahabe warmarTebs, Tavs lomebiviT esxmoda. vinc sayvareli Suamavali xmlis dasartymelad gaimeta, mas dedamiwa cixed uqcies.
am dros haTib bin belTea sayvarel SuamavalTan mivida da
hkiTxa: `Cemi sicocxle genacvalos allahis Suamavalo! ase
vin gagimeta? Suamavalma miugo: `uTbe bin ebi vayyasma, qva
mesrola, saxeze momartya da kbili momtexa~. Semdeg haTibma
isev hkiTxa: `saiT wavida is naZirala?~ sayvarel Suamavalma TiTiT mianiSna, saiTac iyo wasuli uTbe bin ebi vayyasi.
hadibi mters maSinve daedevna, bevri eZeba da bolos ipova
kidec. warmarTi cxenidan Camoagdo da xmlis erTi dartymiT suli gaafrTxobina. Semdeg misi moWrili Tavi allahis
SuamavalTan miitana. sayvarelma Suamavalmac igi Semdegnairad daloca: `uzenaesi allahi iyos Sengan kmayofili, allahi iyos Sengan kmayofili!~
warmarTebma Zal-Rone mokrebil da kontrSetevaze gadasul sahabeebs veRaraferi daupirispires, brZolis velze
samocdaaTi mokluli Tavisiani datoves da meqqasaken gaudgnen gzas. sayvareli Suamavlis Sehidad dacemis xmam medinaSi mieRwia. Zvirfasi fatima, aiSe, ummu suleim, ummu eimen,
hamne binTi jahSi da quaibi uhudis velisken gaiqcnen. Zvirfasma fatimam mamamisi, sayvareli Suamavali daWrili rom
naxa, atirda. igi Tavad allahis Suamavalma anugeSa. Semdeg
keTilSobilma alim fariT wyali moitana, xolo Zvirfasma fatimam sayvarel Suamavls gasisxlianebuli madlmosili
saxe mouwminda. magram mas saxidan sisxldena ar uCerdeboda, bolos Zvirfasma fatimam Wilofis Reri dawva, ferfli
Wrilobaze daado da sisxli ase SeuCera.
amis Semdeg brZolis velze Cavidnen. pirvel rigSi daWrilebi moZebnes da Wrilobebi Seuxvies. umowyalo warmarTebs
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zogierTi Sehidi iseT mdgomareobaSi CaegdoT, rom maTi
amocnobac ki SeuZlebeli iyo. zogierTi SehidisTvis yuri,
cxviri, sxva da sxva sxeulis nawilebi moekveTaT, zogisTvis
mucelic ki gamoefatraT. aseTnairad dasaxiCrebul SehidebSi erT-erTi abdullah bin jahSi iyo. misi am mdgomareobaSi danaxava sayvarel Suamavalsa da sahabeebs Zalian ewyinaT. saukeTeso Tanamimdevrebs Sehidobis SarbaTi daeliaT,
uhudis miwebi sisxliT SeeRebaT da samoTxeSi daemkvidrebinaT adgilebi. magram Sehidebis mimarT aseTi araadamianuri
da sastiki moqceva, namdvilad, moTmeneli ram iyo. sayvarel
SuamavalTan erTad cocxlad darCenil sahabeTas gulebi
mwuxarebisgan tiroda. am metad mZime suraTis Semyure qveynierebis batonma, tiriliTa da cremliani TvalebiT Semdegi
sityvebi warmosTqva. `gankiTxvis dRes, me viqnebi mowme imisa,
rom am Sehidebma uzenaesi allahis wminda gzaze sicocxle
gaswires. isini sisxlianni daasaflaveT. vficav allahs, rom
gankiTxvis moedanze isini sisxliani movlen. maTi sisxlis
surneli muSkiviT sasiamovno iqneba~.
Semdeg sayvarel Suamavalma hamza moikiTxa: `hamzas ver
vxedav, is rogor aris, netav?~ keTilSobilma alim Zvirfasi
hamzas cxedari ipova da roca sayvareli Suamavalic iq mivida, warmoudgeneli da saSineli suraTi dainaxa. warmarTebs
Zvirfasi hamzasTvis, yurebi cxviri da sxeulis sxva nawilebi amoekveTaT, mucelze gaefatraT da RviZli amoeRoT.
Tval cremlian sayvarelma Suamavalma Zvirfasi hamzas
cxedars ase mimarTa: `hamza! aravis, arasodes aseTi ubedureba ar gadautania da verc gadaitans. allahis Suamavlis biZav!
uzenaesi allahisa da Suamavlis lomo hamza! sikeTis mTesavo,
hamza! allahis Suamavlis mfarvelo, hamza! uzenaesi allahi
gwyalobdes Sen!~
am dros Sors erTi qali gamoCnda, romelic aRelvebuli da SeSfoTebuli morboda. es muslimTa deda, sayvareli Suamavlis mamida Zvirfasi safiie iyo. sxva qalbatone310 bis msgavsad manac Suamavlis Sehidad dacemis Sesaxeb gaigo
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uhudis brZola
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Tu ara, yvelaferi miatova da sirbiliT uhudis velisken
gamiqca. Sehidebis mdgomareobiT metad damwuxrebulma
ukeTilSobilesma Suamavalma mamida rom dainaxa, mamidaSvil zubeir bin avvams uTxra: `dedaSeni ukan gaabrune, Zmis
cxedari ar dainaxos.~ manac dedasTan miirbina. madlmosilma
qalbatonma aRelvebuli xmiT hkiTxa: `Svilo, macnobe, allahis Suamavlis Sesaxeb rame? am dros maTTan keTilSobili
alic mivida da dasmul kiTxvas man gasca pasuxi: `madloba
uzenaes allahs, Suamavali kargad aris!”. am sityvebis gagonebam qals wuxili Seumsubuqa, magram amas ar dajerda da
ZmiSvilis naxva moiTxova: maSin keTilSobilma alim TiTi
sayvareli Suamavlisken gaiSvira. muslimTa dedam Zvirfasma
safiem, ori qveynis mze cocxali rom dainaxa, Zalian gauxarda da uzenaes allahs madloba Seswira. Semdeg Tavisi
Zmis Zvirfasi hamzas sanaxavad nabiji win gadadga, magram
Svilma, zubeirma Txova: `deda! allahis Suamavali Sen ukan
dabrunebas brZanebs!~ maSin Zvirfasma safiem miugo: “Tu
imisTvis unda davbrunde ukan, rom ar davinaxo, Tu rogor
moeqca hamzas mteri, getyviT, rom ukve vici, rogor daWres
da daanawevres igi. man sakuTari Tavi aseT dReSi, uzenaesi
allahis wminda gzaze brZolis dros Caigdo. Cven am gzaze
uaresebsac gavuZlebT. jildos uzenaesi allahisgan davelodebiT. misi nebiT moviTmenT da yvelafers avitanT~. zubeir bin avvamma dedis sityvebi sayvarel Suamavals gadasca.
maSin kacobriobis siamayem, sufies Zmis cxedris naxvis neba
darTo. Zvirfas safiem, Sehidad dacemul Zmis cxedarTan
dajda da Cumad atirda.
Zvirfas safies ori mosasxami wamoeRo. isini amoiRo da
Tqva: `eseni Cemi Zmis, hamzasTvis wamoviRe, is amaSi SeaxvieT!~ sahabeebi asec moiqcnen da gmirTagmiri, Sehidad aRsrulebuli hamza am mosasxamSi Seaxvies.
allahis sayvareli Suamavali medroSe mus’ab bin umeiris
cxedarTan mivida. mus’abs xelebi mokveTili hqonda da uamravi Wriloba hqonda miyenebuli. irgvliv sisxlis tba idga. 311
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sayvareli Suamavali am sahabes sikvdilmac Zalian daamwuxra. man sura `ahzabis~ 23 aiaTi waikiTxa, romlis mniSvneloba
Semdegia: `morwmuneebi iseTi mamacni iyvnen, rom uzenaes allahze micemuli sityvisadmi usazRvro erTguleba gamoiCines.
maTgan, zogma Sehidad dacemamde brZolis sityva Seasrules
(Sehidad daeca). zogni ki Sehidad dacemas elodebian. maT, micemuli sityva araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar Secvales. amis Semdeg
allahis Suamavalma brZana: `mowmea uzenaesi allahis Suamavalic, rom Tqven gankiTxvis dRes uzenaesi allahis winaSe Sehidebad warsdgebiT~.
Semdeg iqve myofT miubrunda da mimarTa: `eseni moinaxuleT da miesalmeT. vficav, uzenaes allahs, rom vinc amaT amqveynad miesalmeba, gankiTxvis dRes es wminda Sehidebi maT salams daubruneben.~
Zvirfasi mus’ab bin umeiris gasaxvevad veraferi ipoves.
mas sakuTari mosasxami xalaTi sxeuls mTlianad ar ufaravda. Tavze daaxurebdnen fexebi Riad rCeboda, fexebze
daaxurebdnen Tavi rCeboda daufaravi. bolos allahis sayvarelm Suamavalma brZana, Tavi mosasxamiT, fexebi ki balaxiT daufareTo. bednieri sahabe, romelmac sicocxle islamis samsaxurSi gaatara da wminda gzaze Sehidobas miaRwia, am
qveyanas naxevari sudariT gamoemSvidoba.
Sehidad gardacvlilTa locva Sesrulebuli iqna. isini
sisxliani tansacmliT or-orad da sam-samad daasaflaves.
amrigad uhudis brZolaSi samocdaaTi muslimani Sehidad
daeca. maTgan samocdaoTxi ensari, xolo eqvsi ki muhajiri
iyo.
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eshabi qiramis naTesavTa umravlesoba Sehidad daeca. amitomac maTi gulebi danaRvlianebuli iyo. cocxlad darCenilTa sanugeSeblad allahis sayvarelma Suamavalma Semdegi
sityva warmoTqva: `vficav allahs! mec visurvebdi sahabeebTan
erTad Sehidad dacemasa da uhudis mTis kalTaze Ramis gaTevas. rodesac Tqveni Zmebi Sehidad daecnen, uzenaesma allahma
uhudis brZola
o
maTi sulebi mwvane Citebis CiCaxvSi Cado. isini samoTxis nakadulebTan mivlen, wyals daleven, xils miirTmeven, samoTxis
oTxive kuTxis yurebiT datkbebian, vardebiT savse baRebSi
ifrenen, Semdeg cis umaRlesi nawilis (empireas) qveS dakidebul oqros lamprebSi Sevlen da Rames iq gaatareben. roca isini aseT saWmels, sasmelsa da silamazes naxaven ityvian: `netav,
Cvenma Zmebmac icodnen, Tu ra gviwyaloba uzenaesma allahma
da maTac jihads Tavi ar aaridon, brZolas ar SeuSindnen da
brZolaSi ukan ar daixion. uzenaesi allahi maT mimarTavs. “me
maT vauwyeb Tqveni mdgomareobis Sesaxeb.~
`RmerTis mona-msaxurno, isurveT is, rasac suli gTxovT.
me Tqven, mosalodnelze ufro mets giboZebT. isini ki ase miugeben: `udideso gamCeno, Cveno baton-patrono! ar gveguleba
masze ukeTesi ram, ra wyalobac gvargune Cven? samoTxeSi imas
mivirTmevT da imiTi vikvebebiT rac gvinda. Tuki rames visurvebdiT Sengan es, xelmeored qveyanaze dabruneba da Sens wminda gzaze Tavdadebuli brZoliT Sehidad dacema iqneba~.
iq aRaraferi iyo gasakeTeblad darCenili. uzenaesi allahis rwmenis gavrcelebisTvis uhudis velze mosulma sahabeebma, islamis istoriaSi araCveulebrivi gmirobis kvali
datoves. uhudis veli muslimanTa mxridan warmoudgeneli
da yovelgvari warmodgenis zRvars gadacilebuli, uamravi
gmirobis mowme gaxda. amiT urwmunoT kidev erTi gakveTili
miiRes.
qveynierebis batoni sayvareli muhammed Suamavali didebul sahabeebTan erTad Suqmofenili medinasken gaudga gzas.
rodesac hareSi mividnen, Tanamimdevrebi mwkrivSi daayena,
xelebizecisken aRapyro da uzenaes allahs ase Seavedra:
`Cemo allaho! uamravi qeba da dideba mxolod Sen gekuTvnis.
Cemo allaho! visac Sen WeSmaritebas arguneb, mas veravin aacdens gzas, xolo visac gzas aacden, mas veravin argunebs WeSmaritebas. Cemo allaho! rwmena Segvayvare, gulebi rwmeniT gagvilamaze, mrisxaneba da siSmage SegvaZule, rwmenisa da qveynis
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saziano rameebisgan gagvaTavisufle! Cemo allaho! Cven muslimanad gvacocxle da muslimanad Caibare Cveni sulebi. Cven
RvTismosav da keTil adamianTa kategorias migvakuTvne. vinaidan maT arc Rirseba da arc pativiscema ar daukargvaT. da
arc rwmenisTvis uRalatniaT. Cemo allaho! sasjeli miuzRe
urwmonoebs, romlebmac Seni Suamavali uarhyves, Sens gzas
Tavi aarides da Seni Suamavlebis winaaRmdeg gailaSqres. isini
namdvili da WeSmariti sasjeliT dasaje! aamin!~ sahabeebi am
vedrebas aminiTve gamoexmaurnen.
sayvareli Suamavali sahabeebTan erTad Suqmofenil medinas miauxlovda. qalaqSi darCenili qalebi da bavSvebi gzaze
gamofeniliyvnen. maT, usazRvro interesiTa da mwuxarebiT
gzad mimaval jarSi qveynierebis batonis danaxva undodaT.
da roca mis ganaTebul saxe mokres Tvali, gaxarebulebma
uzenaes allahs madloba Seswires. Semdeg Tvalebi momaval
jaris miapyres. isini mamebs, biZebsa da Svilebs eZebdnen,
vinc natesavebi ver dainaxa, isini cremlebs ver ikavebdnen.
muslimanTa aseTi mwuxarebis mxilveli wyalobaTa zRva,
ukeTilSobilesi Suamavalic madlmosil Tvalebidan cremlebs Rvrida.
am dros Zvirfasi saa’d bin mu’azis deda, qebSe Suamavals miuaxlovda. uhudis brZolaSi misi Svili, amri Sehidad dacemuliyo. roca kacobriobis siamayis winaSe warsdga,
Svilmkvdarma dedam warmoTqva: `Cemi sicocxle genacvalos
allahis Suamavalo! madloba uzenaes allahs, Sen rom saRsalamaTi gnaxe. roca Sen, cocxali xar, sxva yvela ubedurebas arafrad CavTvli~. sayvareli, Zvirfasi Svilis ambavi ar ikiTxa. Semdeg sayvarelma Suamavalma amris Sehidad
dacemis gamo mwuxareba gaiziara, da qebSes ase mimarTa:
`saa’dis dedav, gimaxaroblebT Sen da misi ojaxis wevrebs, rom
Sehidad dacemulni samoTxeSi Seikribnen da erTmaneTis megobrebi gaxdnen. isini im qveynad, ojaxis wevrebsac gauweven
daxmarebas.~ qebSem miugo: `allahis Suamavalo, kmayofili
314 varT yvelafris, rac uzenaesi allahisgan gvxvdeba wilad.
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am sasixarulo ambebis Semdeg maTTvis vinRa itirebs! Tqven
cocxlad darCenilebi dagviloceT!~ qveynierebis batonmac
Semdegi vedreba aRavlina: `Cemo allaho! maTi gulebidan wuxili gaaqarwyle! cocxlad darCenilebs keTilTa rigebSi miakuTvne adgili.~
bolos sayvarelma Suamavalma sahabeebs mimarTa: `Cemo eshabo! patara jihadidan davbrundiT, axla ki didi jihadi
unda daviwyoT.~ Suamavali aq vnebebis winaaRmdeg brZolas
(jihads) gulisxmobda. Semdeg yvelas saxlebSi dabruneba,
dasveneba, Wrilobebis Sexveva da moSuSeba urCia. Tavadac
daWrili iyo da amitomac pirdapir Tavis bednier kerasmiaSura.
hamra’ul esedis laSqroba
rodesac allahis sayvareli Suamavali medinaSi dabrunda. warmarTebis mxridan medinaze mosalodneli Tavdasxmis
gamo sagangebo zomebi miiRo. meore dRes sayvarelma Suamavalma imisaTvis, rom dauZinebel mtrisTvis egrZnobinebina, guSindel brZolaSi muslimanebi ar dasustebulano da
maTi xelmeored medinaSi mosvla Tavidan aecilebina, bilali habeSs dauZaxa da ubrZana CemsTanamimdevrebs Semdegi
ram amcneo: `allahis Suamavali mterze Tvalyuris devnebas
gibrZanebT. oRond, lasqrobaSi ver wamova is, vinc guSin uhudis brZolaSi CvenTan erTad ar ibrZoda, mxolod isini wamovlen, vinc uhudSi ibrZoda.~ rodesac bilali habeSma allahis
Suamavlis es brZaneba muslimanebs acnoba, miuxedavd imisa,
rom maTi umravlesoba daWrili iyo, isini myisve moemzadnen.
ufro metic, rodesac mZimed daWrilma abdullahma da misma Zmam raafma es ambavi gaiges, tkivilebis miuxedavad, ase
warmosTqves: `gana gavuSvebT xelidan allahis SuamavalTan
erTad laSqrobaSi monawileobis Sanss~ da mujahidebis rigebSi daikaves adgilebi.
sayvarel Suamavalma didebul sahabeebTan erTad warmar-
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Tebis Tvalyuris devneba daiwyo, ris Sedegadac gaigo, rom
revhad wodebul adgilas warmarTebi Sekrebiliyvnen da gadawyvetileba mieRoT, rom medinas Tavs dasxmodnen da muslimanebi gaenadgurebinaT. allahis Suamavlis aseTma SorsmWvretelobam kidev erTxel cxadhyo, rom mas saswaulis
moxdena SeeZlo.
rodesac warmarTebma gaiges, rom Suamavali muhammedi
maTken miemarTeboda, SeSinebulebi iqaurobas gaecalnen da
meqqaSi dabrundnen.
sayvarel Suamavali maT, hamra’ul esedad wodebul adgilamde mihyva. maTgan ori warmarTi daakaves. iq sami dRis
gaCerdnen da Semdeg medinaSi dabrunden.
ibni yamia, romelmac uhudis brZolaSi daifica, allahis
wminda Suamavali unda movklao, meqqaSi dabrunebis Semdeg
cxvrebis sanaxavad mTaSi wasuliyo. mTis wverze cxvrebi ipova. cxvrebs Soris erT-erTma verZi mTeli siswrafiT gaeqana
da mas rqena dauwyo. yoCma imdeni qna, rom ibn yamias suli
gaafTxobina.
abdullah Sihab’i zuhri ki meqqaSi wasvlisas TeTrwinwklebiani gvelis nakbenma mokla. maT, romlebmac uhudis
brZolaSi sayvareli Suamavlis sicocxlis xelyofa ganizraxes, erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi sakadrisi sasjeli miezRoT
da ganadgurdnen.
rej’is vaya (movlena)
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uhudis brZolaSi meisre, Zvirfasma aasim bin sabiTma, warmarTTagan musafi bin talhasa da mis Zmas hariss mouspo sicocxle. Zmebis dedam, SurisZiebiT cnobilma, sulafe binTi
saa’dma, piroba dasdo, vinc aasim bin sabiTis Tavs momitans,
as aqlems mivcemo.amasTan daifica, rom Zvirfasi aasim bin
sabiTis Tavis qaliT Rvinos dalevda. garda amisa, allahis
Suamavlis mier gagzavnilma abdullah bin uneisma erT-erT
uhudis brZola
o
laSqrobis dros, lihianisSvilebTagan halid bin sufiani
mokvla. amis gamo lihianisSvilebi adelisa da qares tomebTan SeTanxmdnen.
medinas SemogarenSi mcxovrebma am orma tomma gegma Seadgines da elCebi moamzades. maT ase daavales, muhammedTan
midiT da uTxariT, rom Cven islami miviReT da zeqaTsac
gadavixdiT, xolo zeqaTis askrefad da paralelurad islamis Sesaswavlad maswavleblebi gvWirdebao. mosulTa nawils movklavT da Surs viZiebT, xolo nawils ki meqqaSi
waviyvanT da yuraiSebs mivyidiTo.
hijreTis meoTxe Tves (seferi) aRniSnul or tomTagan
eqvsi Tu Svidi pirovnebisgan Semdgari jgufi sayvarel SuamavalTan mivida da uTxra: `Cven gavmuslimandiT, amitom
gTxovT, rom wminda yuranisa da rwmenis Sesaswavlad maswavlebeli gamogvigzavnoT.~ am dros sayvarelma Suamavalma meqqeli warmarTebis zraxvebis Sesatyobad aTi kacisgan
Semdgari jgufi moamzada. adelisa da qares tomTagan aseTi jgufis mosvlisa da maswavleblis moTxovnasTan erTad, viTarebis gamosakvlevad Tormet kaciani jgufi mosul
jgufTan erTad gaagzavna. eshabi qiramTagan Semdgar jgufSi monawileobas Semdegi pirebi Rebulobdnen: mersed bin
ebi mersedi, halid bin ebi buqeiri, aasim bin sabiTi, hubeib
bin adii, zeid bin desinne, abdullah bin Tariqi, muaTTib
(muRire) bin ubeide da kidev sami sahabe romelTa sexelebi
ucnobia.
mzveravTa jgufi RamiT win miiwevda, xolo dRisiT ki
imaleboda. aseTi siaruliT bolos rejis wyarosTan miaRwies. iq erT xans daisvenes da yvelaze kargi jiSis medinas
hurma miirTves. Semdeg iqaurobas gaSordnen, erT-erT mTaze avidnen da daimalnen. am dros huzeis tomidan erTi, mwyemsi qali rejis wyarosTan misuliyo, xurmis kurkebi enaxa
Tu ara mimxvdariyo, rom es medinas xurma iyo. igi yviriliT
gaiqca da toms acnoba: `vaime, aq medinelebi yofilano.~ am
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dros sahabeTa Tormet kacian jgufs gaurkveveli mizeziT
maTan erTad myofi adelisa da qres tomis erT-erTi warmomadgeneli gamoeyo, maSinve lihianisSvilebTan mivida da
viTareba auwya.
lihianisSvilebi am ambis gagebisTanave amoqmeddnen. asi
meisris CaTvliT, sul oraskaciani SearaRebuli razmma im
mTas, romelzec Zvirfasi aasim bin sabiTi Tavis megobrebTan erTad imyofeboda alya Semoartya. sahabeebi mixvdnen,
rom Ralats hqonda adgili, xmlebi iSiSvles da brZolis gadawyvetileba miiRes. warmarTebma maTi motyueba scades da
am mizniT ase mimarTes: `Tu CvenTan dabla CamoxvalT, vaJkacur sityvas gaZlevT, rom arcerT Tqvengans ar movklavT.
vficavT allahs, Cven Tqveni mokvla ar gvinda, Tqven sanacvlod meqqelebisgan mxolod gamosasyidis warTmeva gvaqvs
ganzraxulio”.
aasim bin sabiTma, mersed bin mersedma da halid bin ebi
buqeirma, maTi yvelanairi uaryves da miuges: “warmarTebis
sityvasa da dapirebas arasodes ar davijerebTo”. Zvirfasma aasim bin sabiTma Tqva: `vficav allahs, davifice, rom
warmarTebis mfarvelobas ar daveTanxmebi. vficav allahs,
rom maT mfarvelobasa da sitvebs ar davijereb, qveviT ar
Camoval da araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar CagbardebiT. Semdeg xelebi aRapyro da Seevedra: `Cemo allaho! auwye Cveni mdgomareoba Suamavals!”. aasim bin sabiTis vedreba uzenaesma allahma ismina da maTi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb Suamavals auwya.
Zvirfasma aasim bin sabiTma warmarTebs mimarTa: `Cven ar
gveSinia sikvdilis, vinaidan rjulSi windaxedulebi varT~.
(Tu movkvdeT samoTxeSi wavalTo) roca warmarTTa meTaurma uTxra, aasim, nu daRupav megobrebs Cegvbardio, mas aasim
bin sabiTma isris sroliT upasuxa.
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aasims saisreSi sul Svidi isari hqonda. TiToeuli gatyorcnili isriT TiTo urwmunos mouspo sicocxle. isrebis
gaTavebis Semdeg ramdenime urwmuno SubiT gaanadgura. ma-
uhudis brZola
o
gram bolos Subic rom gautyda, xmali iSiSvla da qarqaSi
daamtvria. (qarqaSis damtvreva, sisxlis ukanasknel wveTamde brZolis niSani iyo) Semdeg uzenaes allahs ase Seavedra:
`Cemo allaho! dRemde Seni rjuli davicavi, dReis Semdeg
Sen gavedreb, Cemi sxeulis dacvasa da mfarvelobas~. aasim
bin sabiTisa da masTan erTad myofi megobrebis mier warmoTqmuli allahis sadidebeli xmebi mTebs azanzarebda. Tormeti mujahidi orasi urwmunos winaaRmdeg ibrZoda. vinc, maT
uaxlovdeboda sakuTar sikvdils aCqarebda. bolos aasim
bin sabiTi orive fexSi mZimed daiWra da Zirs daeca. vinaidan
urwmunoebs misi Zalian eSinodaT, amitom ver miuaxlovdnen
da Soridan isrebis sroliT gangmires (Sehidad dasces). im
dRes iq myofi aTi sahabedan Svidi Sehidad daeca, xolo sami
ki tyved Cavarda.
lihianisSvilebs asim bin sabiTis cxedrisTvis Tavis mokveTa da sulafe binTi sa’dze miyidva undodaT. magram ar
gamouvidaT, radgan uzenaesma allahma aasm bin sabiTis vedreba ismina, mis cxedars futkris ojaxi zegardmouvlina
da am mwerebiT mTeli misi sxeuli dafara.. warmarTebi mas
verafriT miaxlovdnen, amitom Tqves: `SeveSvaT, roca daRamdeba futkrebi gaifantebian da Tavsac maSin movkveTT da
waviRebT~.
roca mosaRamovda uzenaesma allahma zecidan Zlieri wvima dauSva, mdinareebi aadida, wvimam aasim bin sabiTis cxedari gaurkveveli mimarTulebiT waiRo. urwmunoebma Zalian
bevri eZebes, magram mis samyofels vera da ver miagnes. amis
Semdeg, rodesac futkrebis mier, Zvirfasi aasim bin sabiTis
cxedris dacvis Sesaxeb saubari Camovardeboda, keTilSobili omari ityoda: `ueWvelia, rom uzenaesi allahi morwmune
msaxurs daicavs. allahma, rogorc sicocxleSi daifara asim
bin sabiTi urwmunoTagan, aseve misi sxeuli Sehidad dacemis
Semdegac daicva da urwmunoebs masze Sexebis saSualeba ar
misca~. aqedan gamomdinare aasim bin sabiTs yovelTvis aseTi
sityviT moixseniebdnen: `futkrebis mier daculi adamiani.~ 319
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im dRes lihianisSvilebma Svidi sahabe Sehidad dasces,
xolo sami maTgani hubeib bin adii, zeid bin desinne da
abdullah bin tariyi tyved aiyvanes. lihianisSvilebma samive maTgani mSvildis xerxebze miabes. tyved CavardilTa
Soris abdullah bin tariyi meqqaSi wayolaze warmarTebs
ar daTanxmda da winaaRmdegoba gauwia. igi gaiZaxoda: `Cveni, Sehidad dacemuli megobrebi samoTxiT dajildovdnen!~
gakoWili xelebi gaixsna, magram lihianisSvilebma mas qvebi
dauSines da Sehidad aqcies. hubeib bin adma da zeid bin
desinnem ki im imediT moiTmines da gahyvnen, rom iqneb, Sesaferisi dro vixelToT da allahis Suamavlis mier davalebul mtris dazvervis saqme SevasruloTo.
lihianisSvilebma orive maTgani meqqaSi miiyvanes. bedirisa da uhudis brZolaSi axloblebdakargulni, SurisZiebis
usazRvro surviliT Sepyrobilni xelsayrel moments eZebdnen. hubeibi, warmarTTagan hujeir bin ebi ihabi Temimma, bediris brZolaSi daRupul ZmisTvis, xolo zeid bin desinne,
safvan bin umeiiem, bediris brZolaSi daRupul mamis umeiie
bin halefisTvis Suris saZieblad iyides. urwmunoTa gazraxva orive maTganis mokvla iyo, magram maTi yidva iseT Tveebs
daemTxva, rodesac sisxlis daRvra (brZola) akrZaluli
iyo. amitom isini sxvadsxva sapatimroSi Casves da Sesaferisi drois dadgomas daelodnen. orive sahabem am gausaZlis
tyveobaSi didi moTmineba da amtanoba gamoiCina.
im saxlSi mcxovrebi moaxle mavie (es qalma SemdegSi islami miiRo), sadac hubeib bin adii iyo datusaRebuli ase
mogiTxrobs:
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`hubeibi, sadac me vcxovrobdi, swored im saxlSi hyavdaT
datusaRebuli. me masze ufro keTili tyve ar minaxavs. erT
dRes davinaxe, rom xelSi yurZnis mtevani eWira da miirTmevda. weliwadis im dros meqqaSi yurZnis povna SeuZlebeli iyo. mas uzenaesi allahi wyalobda. sakanSi sul namazs
loculobda da wminda yurans kiTxulobda. qalebs, rom-
uhudis brZola
o
lebsac yuranis kiTxvis dros misi xma esmodaT, igi Zalian
ecodebodaT da tirodnen. zogjer roca vkiTxavdi, ginda
rame- meTqi, hubeibi mpasuxobda: `tkbili wyali momitane,
kerpebisTvis Sewiruli saqonlis xorci ar momitano da
sikvdilis dasjis dro winaswar macnobe, meti araferi minda~. rodesac misi sikvdiliT dasjis dro dadginda, wavedi
da mas vacnobe. es rom gaigo, mis saxeze odnavi mwuxareba
da wuxili ar SeminiSnavs. sikvdiliT dasjis dRe rom moaxlovda, sxeulis gasufTavebisTvis samarTebeli mTxova. mec
Svilis xeliT samarTebeli gavugzavne. magram uceb vifiqre,
vai es ra vqeni! es kaci bavSvs samarTebliT damiWris-meTqi
da gaviqeci mis sanaxavad. roca mivedi aseTi suraTi vixile,
hubeibs bavSvisTvis samarTebeli gamoerTmia iqve daejina da
efereboda. hubeibma rom daminaxa mkiTxa: `Sen ifiqre, rom
am bavSvs movklavdi? ara, amas ar Cavidendi, vinaidan Cvens
rjulSi aseTi ram ar arsebobs. usamarTlod vinmes mokvlis
ufleba ar gvaqvs~.
diax, dadga hubeib bin adiisa da zeid bin desinnes sikvdiliT dasjis dRec. im dRes diliT jaWvebi gauxsnes da meqqas
gareuban, TemimSi waiyvanes. meqqas mkvidrni da warCinebuli
warmarTebi maTi sikvdilis dasjis sayureblad Segroviliyvnen.
warmarTebma tyveebis sikvdiliT dasasjelad ori saxrCobela aRmarTes. roca hubeibi saxrCobelasken waiyvanes,
erTi survili SemisruleTo, iTxova. `gamiSviT, saSualeba
momeciT, ori muxli namazi viloco.~ rodesac amis ufleba
misces, hubeibi dadga, morCilebiT aRsavsem, ori muxli namazi iloca. mis irgvliv Sekrebili qalebi, bavSvebi da warmarTebi mas gancvifrebiT Sescqerodnen. rodesac locvas
morCa Tqva: `vficav allahs! mcodnoda, rom ar ifiqrebdiT:
sikvdilis SeeSinda da locva didxans gaagrZelao, ufro
didxans vilocebdi~ sikvdiliT dasjis win, ori muxli namazis wesad da sunneTad datovebis mizezi sworedac hubeib
bin adiia. rodesac sayvarel Suamavalma, mis mier sikvdiliT 321
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dasjis winnaloci namazis Sesaxeb gaigo, es mizanSewonil saqcielad miiCnia.
Semdeg hubeibi saxrCobelaze aiyvanes da daabes. saxe yiblis kuTxidan medinasken Seatrialebines da SeTavazes,
rjuls Tu Seicvli gagaTavisuflebTo.
hubeibma miugo:
`vficav allahs! Tundac mTeli qveyana rom momceT, ar Sevicvli~, am sityvebis gamgone warmarTebma Semdegi ram SeTavazes: `isurvebdi, rom axla Sen adgilze muhammedi iyos da
is davsajoT? Tu ityvi `diax~-s, gadarCebi, saxlSi waxval
da mSvidad iqnebi~. hubeibma miugo: `me, wminda muhammedis
fexSi ekalis SerWobasac ki ar daveTanxmebodi~. am pasuxze
warmarTebma mas sicili daayares da kidev erTxel SesTavazes: `hubeib! uaryavi islami! Tu ar uaryof, ueWvelad CamogaxrCobT~. hubeibma upasuxa: `sanam uzenaesi allahis gzaze var, CemTvis sikvdils aranairi arsebiTi mniSvneloba ar
gaaCnia~.
amis Semdeg hubeibma `esselamu aleiqum iaa resulallah”
Tqva da ase Seevedra: `Cemo allaho, aq mtris garda veravis
vxedav. gevedrebi Sen Suamavals Cemi salami gadaeci, auwye
Cveni mdgomareobis Sesaxeb~. rodesac hubeibi uzenaes allahs ase evedreboda, Suamavali didebul sahabeebTan erTad
ijda. amis Sesaxeb zeid bin harise gadmogvcems: `erT dRes
sayvareli Suamavali sahabeebTan erTad ijda, uceb man `ve
aleihisselam~ warmoTqva. muslimebma hkiTxes: `allahis
Suamavalo! ase vis miesalme?~ `Cvens Zmas, hubeibs, jibril
angelozma hubeibis salami mauwya.~ _ upasuxa allahis wminda
Suamavalma.
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amasobaSi warmarTebi hubeibis irgvliv SekrebilT miubrundnen da ase mimarTes: `ai, es kacia Tqveni mamebis mkvleli!~ am sityvebiT iq myofi axalgazrdebi Subebis styorcnisaken waaqezes. am dros hubeibma saxe qaabasken ibruna,
warmarTebma ki saxe isev medinasken miatrialebines. hubeibi
uzenaes allahs ase Seevedra: `Cemo allaho, Tu Sens winaSe
uhudis brZola
o
miRebuli mona var, saxe qaabasken mimabrunebine”. amis Semdeg
veravin veRar SeZlo hubeibis saxis qaabas garda sxva mimarTulebiT mitrialeba. am dros hubeibma umowyalo mtris
xelSi, saxrCobelaze Semdegi sityvebi waiRiRina: vficav allahs: `me Tu uzenaesi allahis gzaze movkvdebi, aRar vidardeb, sikvdilis Semdeg romel mxarezec unda davece. yvela
es uzenaesi allahis wminda gzaa~.
amis Semdeg hubeibi uzenaes allahs ase Seevedra: `Cemo
allaho! gaanadgure da ar datovo cocxali yuraiSi warmarTebis dasi!~ am sityvebis gamgone warmarTebs SeeSindaT
da gaqceva daiwyes. iq darCenilebma ki hubeibs Subi morigeobiT aZgeres. am dros saxrCobelaze dabmuli hubeibis
mkerdidan sisxlma iCqefa. hubeibma warmoTqva: `eShedu en
la ilahe illallah, ve eSehdu enne muhammeden abduhu ve
resuluh~ da ukanasknelad amoisunTqa.
hubeib bin adiis cxedari ormoci dRis ganmavlobaSi saxrCobelaze dakidebuli darCa. magram sxeuls arc lpoba dauwyia da arc autaneli suni gauSvia. cxedridan gamudmebiT
sisxli sdioda. sayvarel Suamavalma misi cxedris Camosatanad sahabeTagan zubeir bin avvami da miqdad bin esvedi
gaagzavna. RamiT isini meqqaSi farulad Sevidnen, hubeibis cxedari saxrCobeladan Camoxsnes da aqlemiT medinasken
waiRes. es rom warmarTebma gaiges, maSinve daedevnen. orive
sahabem Tavdacvis mizniT cxedari miwaze CamoiRes, iqve damarxes da medinasken gaemgzavrnen.
warmarTebma zeid bin desinnec saxrCobelaze daabes. isic
aiZules rjuli Seecvala, magram amaod. aseTma mdgomareobam
zeidis rwmena ufro gaaZliera. amis Semdeg mas isrebi dauSines. bolos igi, saffan bin umeies mier ganTavisuflebulma mona, nisTasma Sehidad dasca.
bi’r-i maunis SemTxveva (vaya)
n
imave wlis seferis TveSi, arabeTis, nejdis olqSi mosax- 323
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le, amirisSvilebis meTauri, ebu berra amir bin maliqi medinaSi mivida da allahis sayvareli, uekTilSobilesi Suamavali moinaxula. wminda Suamavalmac mas islami auxsna da
urCia muslimani gamxdariyo. ebu berram Tavis rjuli ar
Seicvala, magram gaigo is, rom islami diadi da brwyinvale rjuli iyo. garda amisa nejdSi islamis gasavrceleblad
ramdenime sahabes wargzavna iTxova. sayvarel Suamavalma
mas uTxra: `ara var darwmunebuli imaSi, rom nejdis mosaxleoba Cem mier wargzavnilT zians ar miayeneben.~ amrma miugo: `maTi mfarveli me viqnebi, amitom Sen xalxs zians veravin
miayenebs.~
allahis wminda Suamavali stumris mier micemulma sityvam daakmayofila, sahabeTagan samocdaaT kacisgan Semdgari
jgufi moamzada da Zvirfasi munzir bin amris meTaurobiT
nejdSi gaagzavna.
sakuTari tomis islamiT gaciskrovnebis msurveli ebu
berra, Tavis tomTan sahabeebze adre mivida da auwya: `sahabeebis erT-erTi jgufi Cemi mfarvelobis qveS aviyvane,
gafrTxilebT arc erTma Tqvenganma maT ziani ar miayenoTo.~ ZmiSvilis, amir bin tufeilis garda mas yvelam Tanxmoba misca. amir bin tufeilma ki sami tomidan SeiaraRebuli
xalxi Sekriba, saTaveSi TviTon Caudga da bi’r-i maunTan
mosuli sahabeebi alyaSi moamwyvdia. alyaSi moqceulebma xmlebi iSiSvles da Tavganwiruli brZolis Semdeg, erTi maTganis garda, yvelani Sehidebad iqcnen.
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am didebuli eshabis bolo sityvebi aseTi iyo: `Cveno diado gamCeno, baton patrono! axla Sens garda aravin gvyavs,
vinc Cvens mdgomareobas Sen Suamavals auwyebs. mas Cveni
salami gadaeciT!~ uzenaesi allahis davalebiT sayvarel
Suamavals jibril angelozi gamoecxada da Zalzed damwuxrebulma, sahabeebis salami auwya: `isini uzenaesi allahis
winaSe warsdgnen, allahi maTgan kmayofili darCa da isinic
kmayofilni arian misiT~ sayvarel Suamavalma salami miiRo,
uhudis brZola
o
Semdeg iqve myofT miubrunda da acnoba: `Tqven Zmebs warmarTebi daesxnen Tavs. isini SubebiT daWres da akuweso.~
Setakebisas urwmuno jebbarma amir bin fuheires zurgSi
Subi Caaso. am dros amir bin fuheirma iyvira: `vficav allahs, samoTxes vxedav, samoTxe movige~ am movlenis mxilvelni gaocebuli darCnen, magram saintereso is iyo, rom urwmunoTa Soris islami swored am sahabes mkvlelma,jebbarma
miiRo.
sayvareli Suamavali am metad gulsatkenma SemTxvevam Zalian daamwuxra, ris gamoc, Suamavali erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi yoveli locvis Sesrulebisas vedrebas aRavlenda.
ismina uzenaesma allahma sayvareli Suamavlis vedreba da
im toms saSineli gvalva da gaWirveba daatexa Tavs, xolo
Semdeg gadamdebi daavadebiT am tomidan Svidasamde adamiani
mokvda.
beni naadiris iudevelebi
uhudis brZolis Semdeg, hijreTis meoTxe wels, naadirisSvilebad wodebulma iudevelTa erT-erTma tomma sayvareli
Suamavalis likvidaciis gegma Seadgina. amis Sesaxeb jibril
angelozma sayvarel Suamavals Staagona, ris gamoc es gegma
CaifuSa. sayvarel Suamavalma SeTanxmebis damrRvev iudevelebis tomTan muhammed bin mesleme gagzavna da daabara:
`naadirisSvil iudevelebTan wadi da uTxari: `allahis Suamavalma TqvenTan gamomagzavna raTa gadmogceT misi Semdegi
sityvebi: `vinaidan Tqven Cemi likvidaciis gegma SeadgineT,
amitom Cemi samSoblodan wasvlas gibrZanebT! aq CemTan erTad aRar icxovroT! amisaTvis aTi dRes vadas gaZlevT. am vadis
gasvlis Semdeg, Tu romelime Tqvengani kidev aq iqneba, Tavebs
wavacliT.~
rodesac muhammed bin meslemem iudevelebs sayvareli
Suamavlis es brZaneba acnoba, SeSinebulebi maSinve wasvlis
samzadiss Seudgnen. magram farisevelTa meTaurma abdul- 325
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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lah bin ubeiiem ganacxada: `frTxilad iyaviT! arcerTma
Tqvenganma cixe-simagrebidan fexi ar moicvalos. ar miatovoT samSoblo da qoneba. ori aTasi kaciT movdivarT Tqven
dasaxmareblad”. aseTi viTarebidan gamomdinare, kacobriobis siamaye sahabeebTan erTad medinadan oTxi kilometris
moSorebiT ganlagebul beni nadiris cixesimagresken gaemarTa. islamis droSa keTilSobil alis eWira. roca adgilze
mividnen, cixe-simagre maSinve blokadaSi moaqcies. muslimanebis sabrZolod gamomwvevi iudevelebi axla gareT gamosvlas veRar bedavdnen, maT dasaxmareblad arc farisevlebi
mividnen. sahabeebi cixis Semogarens ise akontrolebdnen,
rom Citsac ki ar afrendnen irgvliv. ocdaoTxdRiani alyis
Semdeg iudevelebma danebebis niSnad droSa aRmarTes. mTeli TavianTi SeiaraReba, oqro da vercxli muslimanebs dautoves, maTi nawili damaskoSi, xolo nawili haiberSi gadaixvewa. am- rigad medinaSi mxolod qureizisSvili iudevelebi
darCnen.
esedis qaliSvil, fatimas gardacvaleba
hijreTis meoTxe wels zegardmoevlna aiaTi, romliTac
alkoholis miReba akrZalulad gamcxadda. uhudis brZolaSi daWril da Semdeg gardacvlil Zvirfas ummu selemes
qmars ramdenime Svili oblad darCa. muslimTa moxuci deda,
ummu seleme gaWirvebul mdgomareobaSi Cavarda. sayvarel
Suamavals is Zlier Seecoda da amitomac oficialuri niqahiT masze iqorwina.
amave wels Sesdga zaTurriyas laSqroba, ris Sedegadac
muslimebma irgvliv mcxovrebi warmarTTa tomebi daimorCiles.
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amave wels gadaicvala keTilSobili osmanisa sayvareli
Suamavlis qaliSvilis eqvsi wlis vaJi, saxelad abdullahi.
wminda Suamavalma micvalebuli SviliSvilis locva Seasrula da saflavSi TviTonve Caasvena. igi Zalian damwuxrebuli
uhudis brZola
o
iyo, misi madlmosili cremlebi saflavSi CaewveTa. saflavis
qva sakuTari xeliT dado da warmoTqva: `uzenaesi allahi
Seiwyalebs, mowyale da gulisxmier monaT.~
keTilSobili alis deda, esedis qaliSvili, fatimac am
wels gardaicvala. aman sayvareli Suamavali Zalian daamwuxra da Tqva: `dRes dedaCemi gardaicvala.~ igi babuas abdulmuttalibis gardacvalebis Semdeg am qaltan izrdeboda. roca wminda muhammeds Suamavlobis misia daekisra,
fatima maSinve islamiT gaciskrovnda. amitomac sayvareli
Suamavali mas dedasaviT afasebda da did pativs scemda.
mis mimarT aseTi siyvarulidan gamomdinare. sakuTari perangi gaixada da misi sudarad gamoyeneba brZana. micvalebulis locvis Sesrulebis Semdeg, iqve myofT acnoba, namazis
locvas samocdaaTia aTasi angelozi eswrebodao.
rodesac saflavidan amovida, Tvalebi cremlebiT hqonda
savse. keTilSobilma omarma mis mwuxareba veRar aitana da
uTxra: `Cemi sicocxle genacvalos allahis Suamavalo! aravis mimarT gagikeTebia imdeni, ramdenic am qalbatonisTvis
gaakeTe~. kacobriobis siamayem miugo: `ebu talibis Semdeg
aravis gaukeTebia imdeni sikeTe CemTvis, ramdenic am qalbatonma. is Cemi deda iyo, roca misi Svilebi mSivrebi iyvnen, pirvel rigSi Cems dapurebaze zrunavda. roca misi Svilebis tansacmeli mtvriani iyo, is pirvel rigSi me damvarcxnida Tmas
da vardis sunamos mapkurebda. is Cemi deda iyo!
mas, rom saiqiSi samoTxis tansacmeli Caacvan, amisaTvis Cemi
perangi sudarad Cavacvi. saflavis cxovreba misTvis nazi da
advili rom yofiliyo, amisaTvis misi kedlebi gavafarTovebine. uzenaesi allahis davalebiT angelozma jibrilma macnoba,
es qalbatoni samoTxis Rirsiao~. amis Semdeg muslimTa dedis,
fatima binTi esedisTvis ase Seevedra: `Cemo deda! uzenaesma allahma mogitevos codvebi, Segiwyalos da usazRvro wyalobiT dagajildovos. Sen mSieri iyavi, magram me mapurebdi,
Sen ar Caicmevdi, magram me mmosavdi. uzenaesi allahis sulis
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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Camdgmelica da amrTmevic. is marad cocxalia, is ukvdavia.
Cemo allaho, Cem deda, fatima binTi eseds miuteve.. saflavi
gauafarTove. udideso mwyalobelo, Cemo allaho! Cemi da sxva
yvela Suamavlebis gulisTvis ismine Cemi vedreba.~
amis Semdeg ukeTilSobilesi Suamavlis madlmosil meuRleTagan, zeinab binTi huzeime ocdaaTi wlis asakSi gardaicvala. amave wels keTilSobil alisa da fatimas meore
vaJi, huseini SeeZinaT.
amave wels, ebu sufeanis meTaurobiT warmarTTa oriaTaskaciani jari islamis gavrcelebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT
bedirisken daiZra. qveynierebis batoni aTasxuTas mamac sahabesTan erTad maTze adre bedirs mivida. rodesac warmarTebma gaiges, rom mujahidebi bediSi maTTvis mieswroT,
gulebSi SiSi CauvardaT. radgan islamis jarTan brZola ver
gabedes, mxolod merrazzahramde SeZles misvla, xolo Semdeg ukan meqqaSi dabrunebiT uSveles Tavs. ukeTilSobilesi Suamavali TanamimdevrebTan erTad maT rva dRe bedirSi
elodeboda.
beni musTaqilis laSqroba
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hijreTis mexuTe wels, musTaqilisSvilebis meTaurma, haris bin dirarma sayvarel Suamavalis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad uamravi xalxi Sekriba. maTi gegma medinaze Tavdasxma
iyo. gaigo Tu ara amis Sesaxeb, sayvarel Suamavalma maSinve
Svidas kaciani SenaerTi moamzada da mustaqilisSvilebis
wianaRmdeg gailaSqra. islamis jari, mureisis ormosTan axlos ganlagdnen, jer isini islamisken moixmes da roca am
Setavazebaze uari miiRes, isrebi styorcnes da maT winaaRmdeg brZola daiwyes. allahis Suamavalma Setakebamde Semdegi brZaneba gasca: `yvelam, erTdroulad SeutieT!~ didebul sahabeebma brZaneba Seasrules da aT mowinaaRmdeges
mouspes sicocxle. tomis meTaurma Tavs gaqceviT uSvela.
magram meTauris qaliSvili berre da 600 kaci tyved Cavard-
uhudis brZola
o
nen. saomari nadavli gainawiles. berre sayvareli Suamavlis
winaSe wardga da uTxra: `mas, visi tyvec var, SevuTaxmdi da
cxra oqros sanacvlod maTavisuflebs. gTxov damexmare!”
sayvarelma Suamavalma igi Seiwyala, survili ausrula, gamosasyidi oqro gadauxada da iyida. Semdeg ki monobisgan
gaaTavisufla da islami auxsna. berrem didi siamovnebiT
miiRo islami, ramac sayvareli Suamavali Zalian gaaxara. gamuslimanebisaTvis jildos saxiT berres niqahiT ganmtkicebuli, allahis Suamavlis coloba ergo. am ambis mxilvelma
sahabeebma erTxmad Tqves, did sircxvilad miviCnevT, allahis Suamavlis meuRlis naTesavebis monobaso da yvela tyve
gaaTavisufles. es qorwinebam asobiT tyvis gaTavisuflebis
mizezi gaxda. sayvarelma Suamavalma madlmosil meuRles
saxeli berre juveiriied Seucvala. Zvirfasi juveiriies
Sesaxeb muslimTa deda, qalbatoni aiSe ase ambobda: juveiriiesTana sikeTis momtani da madliani qali ar minaxiavso.
amis Semdeg islamis jari Suqmofenil medinasken daiZra.
irgvliv myof warmarTTa Tvalebida didi SiSi gamosWvioda.
isini ukve mimxvdariyvnen, Tu raoden Zneli da saxifaTo
yofila muslimanebis winaaRmdeg brZola.
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hendeqis brZola
hijreTis mexuTe weli idga, yovelgvari amboxisa da intrigis wamomwyebi, iudeveli nadirisSvilebi, Suqmofenil
medinadan gaZevebis Semdeg jguf jgufad daiyvnen. Semdeg
ki nawili damaskoSi, xolo nawili heiberSi gadaixvewa, magram maT gulebi, islamisa da sayvareli Suamavlis mimarT
siZulvilsa da SurisZiebis grZnobas Seepyro... iudevelTa
meTauri, huieim tomis oc gavlenian pirTan erTad meqqaSi
Cavida. iq ebu sufians Sexvda da ukeTilSobilesi Suamavlis
likvidaciis Taobaze molaparakeba gamarTa. huieim piroba
dado, sanam am saqmes pirnaTlad ar SevasrulebT manamde
Tqvens gverdiT viqnebiTo, ebu sufianma miugo: `vinc Cvens
mters mtrobs, misi winadadeba CvenTvis misaRebia, magram
imisaTvis rom Cveni ndoba daimsaxuroT, saWiroa, Cvens kerpebs sceT Tayvani. mxolod amis Semdeg gavxdebiT erTmaneTis mimarT gulwrfelni da urTierTndoba gagviRrmavdeba.~
miznis misaRwevad, sakuTari rjulis moRalate iudevelebma,
kerpebis winaSe maSinve qedi moixares. wignieri urwmunoni,
uwignur urwmunoebad iqcnen da warmarTebTan erTad sayvareli Suamavlis likvidaciisa da islamis rjulis aRsakveTad fici dades.
am SeTanxmebis Semdeg, maSinve sabrZolo samzadiss Seudgnen. mezobel warmarT tomebsac xalxi gaugzavnes. iudevelebi, sxvadasxva tomebis dasayolieblad, maT fulad daxmarebasa da xurmis baRebs Sepirdnen. warmarTebma meqqas
SemogarenSi oTxiaTaskaciani Zlieri samxedro SenaerTi Sekribes. ebu sufeanma dar’un’ nedveSi droSa aRmarTa da osman bin ebi talhas gadasca. jars, samasi cxeni, aTasxuTasi
aqlemi da uamravi iaraRi hqonda.
warmaTTa jari merrazzahranTan mivida. aq kidev ramdenime warmarTTa tomi daemataT, maT Soris iyvnen: suleimaniSvilebi, fezaresSvilebi, gaTafanebi, murresSvilebi da 331
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esedisSvilebs. amgvarad warmarTTa jari aTi aTasamde kacamde gaizarda. es ki im periodSi mravalricxovan armiad
iTvleboda.
sayvarel Suamavals masTan daaxloebulma da megobarma huzzas tomma, dauyonebliv, Setyobineba gaugzavna. aTi
dRis savali gza, maTma cxenosanma marbielma oTx dRezSi
dafra da Seqmnili vitarebis Sesaxeb allahis wminda Suamavals dawvrilebiTi cnobebi miawoda.
man maSinve didebuli sahabeebi moixmo da mosalodneli
sabrZolo situaciis Sesaxeb molaparakeba gamarTa. TiToeulma sahabem wamoayena winadadeba, Tu sad da rogor
unda gamarTuliyo brZola. TaTbirSi monawile Zvirfas selmani farisma Tqva: `allahis Suamavalo, Cven gvqonda brZolis aseTi taqtika; rodesac mtrisgan Tavdasxmas velodebodiT, garSemo sangars gavTxridiT da Tavs ase vicavdiT~.
es meTodi sayvarel Suamavals da nuslimanebs moewonaT da
gadawyvites mtris winaaRmdeg es taqtika gamoeyenebinaT.
sayvarelma Suamavalma sahabeebtan erTad is adgilebi
SearCia, sadac sangrebi unda gaTxriliyo. medina samxreTidan baRnariTa da xeebiT iyo dafaruli. aq warmarTebis Tavdasxmis albaToba naklebi iyo, amitom am teritoriis dacva
mcire jariTac SeiZleboda. aRmosavleTiT ki iudeveli beni
qureizas tomi cxovrobda. amis gamo mtris Tavdasxma ufro
metad dasavleTiTa da CrdiloeTiT, gaSlili teritoriidan iyo SesaZlebeli. am adgilebSi TiToeul sahabes sami
metris sigrZis miwis amoTxra evaleboda, amastan sangris
simaRle daaxloebiT ori kacis simaRlis toli(3,5 metri)
unda yofiliyo. xolo sangris sigane imdeni unda yofiliyo,
rom mTeli siswrafiT gamoqceuli cxeni masze ver gadamxtariyo. dro cota iyo darCenili. meqqadan daZruli mteri
medinasken miiwevda. sangrebis gaTxra umokles droSi unda
damTavrebuliyo.
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sayvarel Suamavalma Tanxleb sahabeebtan erTad `bismil-
hendeqis brZola
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lahi rrahmanirrahim~ Tqva da miwas pirveli Toxi dasca.
yvela erTad, udidesi mondomebiT am samusaos mokle xanSi
dasrulebisTvis zrunavda. muSaobaSi bavSvebic ki monawileobdnen. Semdeg zubabis gorakze allahis SuamavlisTvis
karavi moamzades. sangrebidan amoRebuli miwa sazidrebiT
mihqondaT da am gorakis irgvliv yridnen, xolo ukan dabrunebisas selis mTidan mtris mimarTulebiT sasrolad
qvebi mohqondaT. isini, romelTac sazidrebi ar hqondaT,
miwas kalTebiT ezidebodnen. maTTan erTad sayvareli Suamavalic didi SemarTebiT muSaobda.
im dReebSi Zalian cioda. garda amisa xangrZlivi gvalvebidan gamomdinare, materialurad yvelas uWirda. saWmlis
povnac ki sakmaod Zneli iyo. qveynierebis batonis CaTvliT,
yvela sahabes saSineli SimSili awuxebda... SimSili rom ar
egrZnoT, mucelze qvebs ibamdnen, am gziT kuWebs aviwroebdnen da SimSils iviwyebdnen.
qveynierebis batoni sakuTar SimSilze ar fiqrobda, mas is
ufro awuxebda, rom muslimanebi saSinel siciveSi mSier-mwyurvali muSaobdnen. isini ecodeboda da maTTvis uzenaes
allahs evedreboda: `Cemo allaho! im qveyniuri cxovrebis
garda sxva maradiuli cxovreba ar aris. gTxov Seiwyale
ensarebi da muhajirebi!~ sahabeebs allahis Suamavali sakuTar Tavze metad uyvardaT da ambobdnen: `uzenaesi allahisa da WeSmariti islamis rjulis gasavrceleblad, allahis
Suamavals sicocxlis ukanasknel wuTamde morCileba gamovucxadeT!~
sangrebis gaTxra dilaadrian iwyeboda da saRamomde
grZeldeboda. erT dRes, muSaobis dros, Zvirfasi ali bin
haqemma fexi daisaxiCra. igi maSinve allahis wminda SuamavalTan miiyvanes. Suamavalma `bismillahi rrahmanirrahim~
Tqva da xeli gadausva. ris Semdegac sahabes fexze sisxldena SeuCerda da tkivili gauqra.
sangrebis gaTxra grZeldeboda. erTxelac sahabeebs Za- 333
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lian qviani adgili SexvdaT. miwis amoTxra SeuZlebeli xdeboda. amis Sesaxeb sayvarel Suamavals acnobes, is TviTonac mibrZanda da sangarSi Cavida. WurWliT wyali moiTxova,
cota dalia da danarCeni WurWelSive Caabruna. Semdeg es
wyali im adgils miasxura. Semdeg uro aiRo da is gamagrebuli adgili erTi dartymiT daSala. uros dartymisas
sayvarel Suamavals muceli gamouCnda. iq myofT SeamCnies
rom mas mucelze qva hqonda mibmuli. allahis Suamavlis
aseTi mdgomareoba rom SeniSnes, masTan Zvirfasi jabir bin
abdullahi mivida da Txova: `allahis Suamavalo! Tu nebas
damrTavT, saxlaSi waval da male davbrundebi.~ danarCens
Tavad jabir bin abdullahi mogviTxrobs:
`rodesac wasvlis neba damrTo, saxlSimivedi da meuRles vkiTxe: `verc ki warmoidgen, allahis Suamavali iseT
mSier mdgomareobaSi vnaxe. saxlSi gvaqvs raime SeWamandi?~
meuRlem mipasuxa: `ai, am Tiknisa da cotaodeni qeris garda,
araferi gvabadia.~ me is Tikani maSinve davkali, meuRlem ki
qeri xelis wisqvilSi dafqva da comi mozila. xorci qoTanSi Cayara da Sesawvavad ToneSi Sedo. amis Semdeg allahis
SuamavalTan mivedi da vuTxari: `allahis Suamavalo saxlSi
Zalian cota SeWamandi maqvs, erTi an ori megobari wamoiyvane da Cemtan wamobrZandi.
allahis Suamavalma mkiTxa: `saWmeli ramdeni gaqvs?~ vupasuxe ramdenic mqonda. Semdeg man miTxra: `Tan bevri da Tanac
gemrieli saWmeli gqonia, Sen meuRles gadaeci, Cems mosvlamde arc xorci gamoiRos Tonedan da arc puri!~ Semdeg mujahidebs miubrunda da uTxra: `sangris xalxo, adeqiT! jabirTan
sadilze unda wavideTo.~ brZanebisamer, sahabeebi Seikribnen
da sayvarel Suamavals ukan gahyvnen. me maSinve saxlSi gaviqeci da Seqmnili viTarebis Sesaxeb meuRles vcnobe. dardianebulma, meuRles vkiTxe: `axla ra unda vqnaT?” meuRlem
kiTxva Semibruna: `allahis Suamavalma ar gkiTxa ramdeni
saWmeli gaqvso?~ _ `mkiTxa da vuTxari ramdenic gvqonda.~ _
334 `sahabeebi Sen dapatiJe Tu Suamavalma?~ vupasuxe, allahis
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hendeqis brZola
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Suamavalma-meTqi, amis Semdeg meuRlem manugeSa, Suamavalma
ukeT iciso.
cota xnis Semdeg allahis Suamavali Tavisi gasxivosnebuli saxiT karebs moadga. sahabeebs uTxra: `saxlSi ise SediT
rom erTmaneTi ar SeamWidrovoT!~ isinic Semovidnen da aTkacian jgufebad dasxdnen. ukeTilSobiles Suamavalma puris
baraqisaTvis vedreba aRavlina. amis Semdeg qoTanis Tonedan
gamouReblad kerZi cicxviT purze daado da eshabs gauwoda. ase gaadrZela sanam yvela eshabi ar danayrda. vficav,
rom kerZi aTas kacze metma miirTva, magram xorci da puri
isev uklebliv iyo. Semdeg Cvenc mivirTviT da rac darCa
mezoblebs davurigeT~.
selmani farisi sangrebis gaTxraSi sakmaod moxerxebuli
da gamocdili iyo. marto TviTon aTi kacis saqmes akeTebda.
igi megobrebis msgavsad misTvis gankuTvnil adgils Txrida. am dros masac Zalian, magari, TeTri salis qva Sexvda.
bevri izruna mis dasamtrevad magram amaod. uro, Toxi da
niCabic ki daamtvria. verafers rom ver gaxda, bolos sayvarel SuamavalTan mivida da mdgomareobis Sesaxeb amcno:
`allahis Suamavalo, sangaris amoTxris dros sali qva Semxvda, miuxedavad imisa rom yvel rkinis xelsawyo damemtvra,
qva adgilidanac ki ver davZari~. ukeTilSobilesi Suamavali
qvasTan mivida da uro moiTxova. iq myofi sahabeebi didi
interesiT uyurebdnen, Tu ra moxdeboda.
sayvareli Suamavali sangarSi Cavida, `bismillahi rrahmanirrahim~ warmosTqv,a uro aiRo da iseTi ZaliT dasca
qvas, rom dartymis Sedegad, uceb, elviseburma sxivma mTeli
medina gaanaTa. qvas erTi nawili motyda. Semdeg allahis
Suamavalma uzenaesi allahis adida (allahu eqber/allahi
udidesia) da igive samjer gaimeora. mesame dartymaze sali
qva nawilebad daiSala.
Zvirfas selmanma sayvarel Suamavals xeli gauwoda amoiyvana da hkiTxa: `allahis Suamavalo, axla saswauli vixile.
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amaSi rasaidumloebaa?~ sayvareli Suamavalosahabeebs miubrunda da hkiTxa: `Tqvenc igive ixileT, rac selmanma?~ maT
miuges: `diax, allahis Sauamavalo, rodesac qvas uro daartyi, davinaxeT, Tu rogor saocrad gaielva. roca allahi
adideT, Cvenc igive gavimeoreT~. allahis Suamavalma maT
auwya: `pirveli dartymis Suqze, (medianis) keisaris sasaxleebi Tvalwin warmomesaxa. jbril angelozma gamomecxada
da miTxra: `Seni mimdevari im qalaqebs daepatronebiano, meore dartymaze, damaskos wiTeli sasaxleebi warmomesaxa Tvalwin, jibril angelozma macnoba, muslimebi am qalaqebsac daepatronebao. mesame dartymaze ki sanas sasaxleebi warmomigda
Tvalwin, jibril angelozma, am qalaqebis dapatronebac gviwinaswarmetyvela~.
roca allahis Suamavalma medianis sasaxlis Sesaxeb moyola daiwyo, am qalaqis mkvidri selmani gakvirebiT usmenda
da Semdeg uTxra: `allahis Suamavalo, Sens WeSmarit Suamavlad momvlenel uzenaes allahs vficav, rom medianis sasaxle swored iseTia, rogorc Tqven daaxasiaTeT. vemowmebi,
rom Sen allahis Suamavali xar~. ukeTilSobiles Suamavalma
Tqva: `selman, damasko aucileblad iqneba aRebuli, herakliusi samSoblodan gaiqceva, Tqven ki damaskos xelSi CaigdebT,
raSic win veravin aRgidgebaT. aseve iemensac xelSi CaigdebT
da qisra moikvleba. uzenaesi allahis nebiT, sxva qveynebs Cems
Semdeg Tqven daimorCilebT~.
Zvirfasi selmani mogviTxrobs: `allahis Suamavlis mier
nawinaswarmetyvelebi ambebidan yvela sakuTari TvaliT vixile.
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mtris jarimedinas uaxlovdeboda, sangrebis gaTxra mTeli sisiwrafiT mimdinareobda. mujahidebi mTeli SemarTebiT, Seusveneblad muSaobdnen, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi Suamavlisgan nebas iTxovdnen da midiodnen, xolo rodesac
TavianT saqmeebs moagvarebdnen, isev ukan brundebodnen.
farisevelebi sakmaod uxalisod muSaobdnen da roca undo-
hendeqis brZola
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daT samuSaos maSin tovebdnen. aseTi saqciels ar kmarobdnen da guliTadad momuSave mujahidebs dascinodnen. ufro
samwuxaro faqti is iyo, rom Suamavlis mier zemoTnatqvamis Sesaxeb ambobdnen: `Cven SiSisgan sangrebs vafarebT Tavs
is ki iemenis, sparseTisa da bizantiis sasaxleebs gvpirdeba.
namdvilad gvakvirebs Tqveni aseTi gulubryviloba.~
sangrebis gaTxrebis dawyebidan ukve eqvsi dRe iyo gasuli. Tavisi saqme yvelam Rirseulad Seasrula. magram, drois
ukmarisobis gamo, erT-erTi monakveTis farTod da Rrmad
gaTxra ver moxerxda. amasTan dakavSirebiT sayvarelma Suamavalma wuxili, Semdegi sityvebiT gamoxata: `am monakveTis garda warmarTebi versaidan Semovlen.~ aq maT guSagebi
daayenes.
maSin rodesac warmarTTa jari Suqmofenil medinas miuaxlovda, iudeveli nadiris Svilebis meTaurma huieim maTi jarebis sardals acnoba, rom medinas mkvidr iudevel qureizelebs muslimebTan zavi hqondaT dadebuli, magram maTi
meTaurs qa’b bin esedis motyuebas SeZlebdnen da TavianT
mwkrivebSi gadaiyvandnen. yuraiSelta sardalma huieis uTxra: `axlave qa’b bin esedTan wadi da uTxari: `muslimebTan
dadebuli zavi gauqmos da Cven dagvexmarnon!~ zemoTxsenebuli zavis pirobaTagan erT-erTi imaSi mdgomareobda, rom
Tu mteri medinas Tavs daesxmeboda, quraizelebs muslimebis gverdiT unda ebrZolaT.
RamiT iudeveli huiei warmarTTa jars gamoeyo, beni
quraizas tomis meTaur qa’bis saxlSi mivida, sakuTari Tavi
warudgina da uTxra: `qa’b, yuraiSis jari sruli SemadgenlobiT, qinanes, gaTafanisa da kidev ramdenime tomisgan
Semdgari SenaerTebiT, sul aTi aTasi meomari aqaa. ukve veRar gadagvirCeba, verc muhammedi da verc misi sahabeebi.
SevficeT, sanam maT Zirfesvianad gavJletT, manamde fexs ar
movicliT!~... qa’bma miugo: `vSiSob, rom im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
muhammedsa da muslimebs ver gavJletT, xolo yuraiSebi da
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gaTafanis Svilebi gviRalateben, aq martod davrCebiT da
yvelas fexqveS gagvTelaven~. magram hueiem imedis momcemi
winadadeba SeTavaza: `SiSis dasaZlevad yuraiSisa da gaTafanis tomidan samocdaaTi mZevali moiTxove, sanam es mZevlebi SenTan iqnebian, isini ver giRalateben. im SemTxvevSi
Tuki damarcxdebian da gaiqcevian, me Tqven gverdidan ar
mogSordebiT da ubedureba dae, me mewvios~. man am xerxiT
jer qa’bi, Semdeg ki sxva iudevelebic Seacdina. swored ase
daarRvevina qa’bs muslimebTan dadebuli SeTanxmeba.
amis Semdeg huie warmarTTa jarSi dabrunda da moaxsena,
rom qureizas tomi muslimanebs zurgidan Tavs daesxmebodnen Tavs.
meSvide dRes warmaTTa aTiaTasiani jari medinas dasavleTisa da CrdiloeTis mxridan miuaxlovda da iqve dabanakda.
es banaki muslimebis mier gaTxrili sangrebis mimdebare teritoriaze iyo. warmarTebis mizani, mravalricxovani jariT
Suqmofenili medinas gacamtvereba, Suamavlisa da muslimebis sruli likvidacia da islamis CaxSoba iyo. aseTi mravalricxovani jarisTvis winaaRmdegobis gaweva did siZneleebtan iyo dakavSirebuli.
warmarTebi sangrebis danaxvam Zalian gaakvirva, maT aseTi
ram azradac ki ar mouvidodaT. gegmebi CaeSalaT, vinaidan
sangari imdenad farTo iyo, rom arabuli cxeni mTeli siswrafiTac rom gaeWenebinaT, sangars ver gadalaxavdnen. Tu
sangarSi vinme Cavardeboda, iqidan Tavs advilad ver daaRwevda. gansakuTrebiT jaWvis perangiani jariskacs gauWirdeboda iqidan amoZvroma.
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rodesac sayvarelma Suamavalma warmarTebis mosvlis Sesaxeb informacia miiRo, maSinve eqvsdRiani muSaobiT gadaRlili sahabeebi Sekriba da sangris axlos selis mTis kalTebze ganalaga. ukan selis mTa da qalaqi medina, xolo win
ki sangari da mis iqeTa mxares mtris jari iyo ganTavsebuli.
medinaSi Suamavlis rwmunebulad isev ibni ummi meqTum dato-
hendeqis brZola
o
ves, xolo qalebi da bavSvebi ki cixesimagreebSi usafrTxod
daabinaves. samiaTas kacian islamis jars 36 (ocdaTeqvsmeti)
mxedari axlda. islamis droSas zeid bin harise da sa’d bin
ubade afrialebdnen. allahis Suamavls karavi selis mTis
kalTaze gauSales.
muslimebma mtris jarze Tvalyuris devneba mTeli yuradRebiT daiwyes. am dros, keTilSobili omari sayvareli
Suamavalis winaSe warsdga da Tqva: `allahis Suamavalo,
rogorc gavige, iudeveli qureizas toms dadebuli
SeTanxmeba daurRvevia da Cvens winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad
emzadeba”. es moulodneli ambavi rom gaigo, Suamavalma Semdegi sityvebi warmosTqva: `habunallahu ve niimel veqil~,
`uzenaesi allahi kmara CvenTvis, is ra mSvenieri mosarCle _
veqilia~. islamis jari or cecxls Sua aRmoCnda. win warmarTebi iiyvnen, xolo ukan moRalate iudevelebi.
allahis sayvarelma Suamavalma Zvirfasi zubeir bin avvami
qureizas tomis cixesimagreSi gagzavna. zubeiri wavida mdgomareoba Seiswavla da allahis Suamavals moaxsena: `roca
isini vnaxe, cixeebs restavracias utarebdnen, xolo jari
ki sabrZolo wvrTnebs gadioda. garda amisa, cxovelebis aRricxvas akeTebdnen da mosaxleobidan saqonels agrovebdnen~. amis Semdeg qveynierebis ukeTilSobilesma Suamavalma
sa’d bin mu’azi, sa’d bin ubade, havaT bin jubeiri, amr bin
avfi, abdullah bin revahi qureizas tomTan mosalaparakeblad gaagzavna da iudevelebs SeTanxmebis gagrZeleba SesTavaza.
zemoTaRniSnuli xuTi sahabe iudeveli qureizas tomis
cixe-simagreSi mividnen da molaparakeba gamarTes. samwuxarod molaparakebam uSedegod Caiara. maT Seuracxyofac
ki miayenes, bolos daamates: `Cveni Zmebis nadirisSvilebis
samSoblodan gaZevebiT xelfexi SegvikariT. vin yofila
muhameddi! Cvens Soris aranairi sityva da zavi ar arsebobs.
fici gvaqvs micemuli, Tqven Suamavals erTxmad unda daves-
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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xaT Tavs da mas bolo unda movuRoT. udaoa rom Cvens Zmebs
gverdiT amovudgebiT da davexmarebiT.”
sa’d bin muazi megobrebTan erTad allahis Suamavlis winaSe warsdgnen da mdgomareoba auxsnes. sayvarel Suamavalma
ganacxada: `informacia saidumlod SeinaxeT, mxolod mcodneT ganumarteT, vinaidan brZola sifrTxilisa da cdomilebaSi Seyvanisgan Sesdgeba.~
sahabeebi sangris piras sayvarel Suamavals elodebodnen
da ainteresebdaT, Tu rogor moiqceoda is... cota xnis Semdeg kacobriobis siamaye sahabeebTan mibrZanda da allahi
adida. (allahu eqber, allahu eqber-allahi udidesi allahi udidesia) am xmis gamgone didebulma Tanamimdevrebmac
adides allahi da sanaris mopirispire mxares myof urwmunoTa jars gulebi SiSiT aRuvses. radgan warmarTebma allahis didebis xma rom gaiges, ifiqres, etyoba muhammedma da
muslimebs sasixarulo ambavi amcnoo.
sayvarelma Suamavalma muslimebs mimarTa: `muslimo xalxo, gaixareT, uzenaesi allahis daxmarebiTa da gamarjvebiT!~
am sityvebiT man maT momavali gamarjveba umaxarobla. didebul sahabeebs im dRemde uamrav laSqrobaSi hqondaT
monawileoba miRebuli, bedirisa da uhudis omSi ibrZoles,
Zlieri da mravalricxovani warmarTTa jari uzenaesi allahis nebiTa da wminda Suamavalis vedrebis wyalobiT daamarcxes. amitom maT mtris mimarT aranairi SiSi hqondaT
da darwmunebuli iyvnen, allahis nebita da misi Suamavlis
daxmarebiT, mters amjeradac daamarcxebdnen.
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yuraiSTa mowinave sardlebi da maTTan erTad mosuli,
tomebis meTaurebi, sanam erToblivi ieriSze gadavidodnen,
sangrebis gaswvriv iseT adgilebs eZebdnen, sadac mopirdapire mxareze gadasvlas SeZlebdnen. sangari Tavidan bolomde Semoiares da bolos im adgilze mividnen, sadac muslimebs siCqaris gamo, miwis gaTxra ver moeswroT. urwmunoebma
gadawyvites, medinasTvis swored am adgilidan SeetiaT. war-
hendeqis brZola
o
marTi mebrZolebic meTaurebs ukan mihyvebodnen, jer sangrebs Semdeg ki didebul sahabeebs gascqerodnen da gakvirvebas ver malavdnen. warmarTi mebrZolebi Semdeg sityvebs
imeorebdnen: `ara! vficaT, rom es arabebis brZolis meTodi
ar aris. eWvgareSea, rom amas maT is sparseli aswavlidaT~.
yuraiSma sardlebma meomrebs is viwro adgili aCvenes,
saidanac sangris meore mxares gadasvla SeiZleboda da
hkiTxes: `aba, vin SeZlebs sangris sapirispiro mxares gadasvlas?~ jars maSinve xuTi cxenosani gamoeyo. isini sangris meore mxares unda gadasuliyvnen da muslimebtan duelSi unda ebrZolaT. cxenosnebma siswrafis asakrebad ukan
daixies, cxenebs Tavebi sangrisken miabrunebines da gadasaxtomad moemzadnen. mTeli siswrafiT gaWenebuli cxenebi
yvelaze viwro adgilidan sangris meore mxares warmatebiT
gadavidnen. maTTan erTad uamravma cxenosanma isurva gadasvla, magram amaod... am xuT cxenosanSi yvelaze Zlieri Zlieri iyo amr bin abdi, romelic Tavidan fexebamde
jaWvis perangSi iyo Camjdari. axovani tanis es warmarTi
mxilvelebs SiSiszars scemda. amr bin abdi mujahidebs miubrunda da yviriliT mimarTa: `aba gamovides moedanze is
vinc CemTan SebrZolebas gabedavs.~
am dros keTilSobili ali gamoCnda, sayvareli Suamavlis
winaSe warsdga da Txova: `allahis Suamavalo, neba momeci,
mas me SevebrZolo~. mas jaWvis perangic ki ara ecva. sahabeebi mas keTili SuriT uyurebdnen. sayvarelma Suamavalma neba darTo, Tavisi jaWvis perangi gaixada, keTilSobil
alis Caacva, welze xmali Semoartya, Tavze Calma Semoaxvia
da misTvis aseTi vedreba aRavlina: `Cemo allaho! bediris
brZolaSi Cemi biZaSvili ubeide, uhudis brZolaSi ki biZaCemi
hamza Sehidad daecnen. gverdiT mxolod biZaSvili, ali SemomrCa. Sen daifare, daexmare mas da nu damtoveb martod!~
vedrebisa da allahis didebis xmebi zecas ayruebda, am
dros ki allahis lomi qveiTad win miiwevda. rodesac ad-
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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gilze mivida cxenze amxedrebuli zorba pirovnebis amr bin
abdis win gaCerda. amr bin abds Tvalebis garda yvela adgili jaWvis perangiT hqonda dafaruli, man es mamaci meomari ver icno da vinaoba gamohkiTxa. alim upasuxa: `me ebu
Talibis Svili, ali var,~ aseTi pasuxis Semdeg amrma igi,
TiTqosda, Seicoda da uTxra: `Cemo ZmiSvilo, mamaSeni Cemi
megobari iyo, amitomac Seni sisxlis daRvras ar visurvebdi.
iseTi mamaci biZa romelic gabedavda CemTan SebrZolebas
igi, ara gyavs?~ keTilSobilma alim amri Semdegi sityvebiT
waaqeza: `amr! vficav allahs, me visurvebdi Seni sisxlis
daRvras, magram rogor fiqrob, Tanasworni xom ar unda viyoT? mamacs ase ar SeSvenis? me qveiTad var, Sen ki cxenze
xar amxedrebuli.~
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am sityvebis gamgone amrs pativmoyvareobis ZarRvebi
daeWima da maSinve Zirs Camoxta, cxens fexebi miaWra, Semdeg
ki, brazmoreuli, keTilSobili alis winaSe warsdga. sadacaa Tavs unda dasxmoda rom allahis lomma hkiTxa: `amr,
gavige fici migicia, rom Tu brZolaSi romelime yuraiSs
Sexvdebodi, ori survilidan erTs ausrulebdi, es marTalia?~ amrma miugo: `diax, marTalia”. _ `maS, Cemi pirveli
survili aseTia, minda, uzenaesi allahisa da misi Suamavlis, muhammedis irwmuno da muslimi gaxde~ alis am sityvebma amri Zalian gaabraza da man iyvira: `es ar mWirdeba!~. alim
uTxra: `kargi, Cemi meore survilia, brZolas Tavi daanebo
da meqqaSi dabrunde. vinaidan Tu allahis Suamavali mters
daamarcxebs, aseTi moqmedeba masze daxmarebad CageTvleba!~
amrma isev civi uari uTxra: `arc es mainteresebs! sanam Surs
viZieb, aqedan fexs ar movicvli, sxva survili Tu gaqvs,
Tqvi!~keTilSobili ali am sityyvebma gaabraza da uTxra:
`allahis mtero, SenTan brZolis garda sxva gza aRar damrCenia~. amrs gaecina da Tqva: `saocari simarTlea, radgan
verasodes warmovidgendi rom arabeTis mxareSi iseTi guladi iqneboda, romelic Cems winaSe ase gabedulad warsdgeboda. ZmiSvilo, geficebi, ar minda Seni mokvla, radgan ma-
hendeqis brZola
o
maSeni Cemi megobari iyo. yuraiSelta modgmidan ebu beqrisa
an omaris msgavsTan visurvebdi brZolas.~ rodesac keTilSobilma alim miugo, Tundac ase iyos, me aq Sens mosaklavad movedio, amrs sisxlma tvinSi aasxa. man xmali moimarjva
da metoqes Seutia. swored aseTi manevris molodinSi iyo
Zvirfasi ali. igi ar dabneula, mardad gadaxta gverdze da
moqneul xmals fari Seageba, magram amrs uamravi aseTi fari
hqonda damsxvreuli... mis Zlier dartymas veraferi uZlebda. amjeradac ase moxda da alis faric daimsxvra, amasTan
erTad xmals wveri motyda. axla ukve dartymis jeri keTilSobil alize midga. man allahis axsena da zulfiyari amris
Tavze dauSva. dartymisTanave islamis jaris mier gamocemuli allahis sadidebeli xmebi aremareSi aJRerda. urwmunoTa jaris kivilis xmebi ki zecas ayruebda. diax, uzenaesma
allahma SuamavalTa winamZRolis vedreba ismina. goliaTi
kaci miwaze gaSxlarTuliyo, sxeulidan niaRvariviT sisxli
sdioda Tavi ki muzaradTan erTad gafreniliyo. rodesac
warmarTebma TavianTi mokluli falavani dainaxes, maSinve
alis daesxnen Tavs. sahabeebic iqitken gaiqcnen, zubeir bin
avvami da nevfel bin abdullahi daWres da cxenebtan erTad sangarSi Caagdes. keTilSobili ali maT sangarSi Cahyva
da nevfeli Suaze gadaWra. danarCenma warmarTebma sangari
Zlivs gadalaxes da Tavs gaqceviT uSveles. warmarTTa jaris mTavarsardali ki jer kidev brZolis debiutSi uimedobas mieca.
esec iyo brZolis forma daniSnuliyo. mxolod sangari
abrkolebda xelCarTuli brZolis dawyebas. isrebis ssroliT undodaT erTmaneTisTvis zianis miyeneba miyeneba, magram aseTi brZolas drois gawelvis garda aranairi Sedegi
mohqonda... warmarTebi mixvdnen, rom ase verafers miaRwevdnen da amitom sangris mTel perimetrze Seteva gadawyvites. aTiaTaskacianiani mtris jari sangars miawyda da meore
mxares gadasasvlelad Zal-Rones ar iSurebda. samiaTaskaciani didebuli islamis jari ki isrebisa da qvebis sro-
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
liT mters win eRobeboda sangris gadalaxvis saSualebas ar
aZlevda. sastiki brZola, romelmac saRamomde gastana, ukve
dawyebuliyo
ukeTilSobilesma Suamavalma RamiT sangris sxvadasxva
monakveTebze guSagebi daayena. medinaSi ki xuTas kaciani
razmi wargzavna da daavala medinas quCebSi xmamRla allahis
didebis xmebi eJRerebinaT. ase iudevelebisa da yureiSeli
warmarTebisgan mosalodneli safrTxes Tavidan aicilebdnen da qalebi da bavSvebic daculi iqnebodnen. brZanebis
gacemis Semdeg Tavad sangris viwro adgilas mivida da guSagobas Seudga.
qureizas tomis iudevelebma ki huiei bin ahTabi warmarTebTan gauSves da RamiT muslimebze ieriSis misatand oriaTasiankaciani SenaerTis gagzavna iTxoves. iudevelebs RamiT
daucvel qalebsa da bavSvebze tavdasxma da maTi awiokeba
hqondaT ganzraxuli. magram dilamde qalaqSi mujahidebis
patrulirebam da allahis sadidebelma SeZaxilebma (allahu eqber) maT gulebSi SiSi Canerga. isini cixesimagreSi
dabrundnen da xelsayreli moments daelodnen.
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erT Rames, qureizas tomis mowinaveTagan, gazzalma aTkaciani amaliT, sayvareli Suamavlis mamidas, safies sacxovrebel koSkamde miRweva SeZlo. saxlSi qalebi da bavSvebi iyvnen, romlebsac Tavis dasacavad aranairi iaraRi
gaaCndaT. iudevelebma jer saxls isrebi dauSines, Semdeg
ki SigniT Sesvla scades. erT-erTma maTganma ezoSi Sesvla
moaxerxa da saxlSi Sesasvlelad sxvadasxva gzebi eZeba, am
dros sayvareli Suamavlis guladma mamidam ojaxis wevrebi
daariga, rom xma ar amoeRoT. Semdeg qveviT karTan Cavida,
leCaqi magrad moixvia Tavze, ise rom mamakacs damsgavseboda, xelSi latani aiRo da welze dana daimagra. frTxilad
kari gaaRo, im iudevels uknidan miepara da latani mTeli
ZaliT TavSi Caartya, Semdeg wamic ki ar daukargavs da Zirs
davardnil iudevels suli gaafrTxobina. bolos mokluli
hendeqis brZola
o
iudevelis Tavi gareT myof iudevelebs gadaugdo. rodesac
iudevelebma megobris moWrili Tavi TavianT fexebTan naxes
SiSis zari daecaT da gaqceviT uSveles Tavs, Tan gaiZaxodnen: `muslimebma gviTxres, arcerTi Cvenganis saxlSi kaci ar
dagvitovebiao.~
diliT brZola analogiuri sisastikiT ganaxlda, isrebi
haerSi dafrinavda... allahis Suamavalma didebul eshabs
moTminebisaken mouwoda da Semdegi sityvebiT mimarTa: `yovlisSemZle uzenaes allahs vficav, rom im siZneleebs romlebis Tavs dagvatyda, ueWvelad gadavlaxavT da Tqven aucileblad sixaruli gewvevaT.~ am sityvebiT wminda Suamavalma
morwmuneebs momavali gamarjveba umaxarobla. sahabeebma
aseTi sasixarulo informaciis miRebis Semdeg SimSili, siZneleebi da gaWirveba daiviwyes da mTeli suliTa da guliT
gamarjvebisken gaemarTnen. arcerT urwmunos ar misces imis
ufleba rom sangari gadmoelaxaT, muslimTa mowinaveTagan
Zvirfas sa’d bin mu’azi udidesi mamacobiT ibrZoda, magram
brZolis dros warmarT habban bin qais bin araqas mier gasrolilma isarma mxarSi daWra, isarma msxvili sisxlZarRvi
dauziana da bevri sisxlic daakargvina. Zvirfasma sa’adi,
roca naxa, rom irgvliv myofi megobrebi Tavs dastrialebdnen da yvela cdilobda sisxldenis SeCerebas, mixvda rom
mdgomareoba sakmaod seriozuli iyo da yovlisSemZle allahs Seavedra: `Cemo gamCeno, Tu yuraiSebTan brZola isev
unda gagrZeldes, gTxov, sicocxle maCuqe. radgan araferi
msiamovnebs ise, rogorc Seni Suamavlis mwvalebeli da uarmyofeli warmarTebis winaaRmdeg brZola da Tu Cvens Soris
brZola dasasruls miuaxlovda, Sehidad dacema maRirse.
sanam ar davinaxav, Tu ra bedi ewvevaT yuraiSebs, manamde
mainc macocxle~ allahma misi vedreba ismina da sisxldenac
Sewyda
farisevlebi, romlebic, TiTqosda, sahabeebTan erTad
ibrZodnen, sakmaod uRimRamod moqmedebdnen da arc wina
xazs uaxlovdebodnen. garda amisa, yvelafers akeTebdnen 345
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
imisaTvis, rom mujahidebisTvis mxneobiT aRsavse sabrZolo
ganwyoba rogorme moeSalaT. isini gaiZaxodnen: `muhammedi
keisrisa da qisras xazinebs gvpirdeba, Tumca Cven sangarSi
varT momwyvdeulebi da SiSisgan sapirfareSoSic ki ver gavdivarT. allahis Suamavali Tavisi dapirebebiT garda Cveni
cdunebisa arafers akeTebs~. odnavadac rom gauWirdebodaT,
ojaxebis dacvis momizezebiT, brZolis vels tovebdnen da
saxlebSi midiodnen. islamis jarisTvis farisevelTa aseTi
qmedebebi didi zianis momtani iyo.
warmarTTa jari sasurvelis misaRwevad mTeli mondomebiT ibrZoda, magram sahabeebis mamacuri winaaRmdegobis
daZlevas verafriT axerxebdnen. yvelaze gaaftrebuli
brZolebi im viwro gasasvleltan mimdinareobda, sadac siCqaris gamo muslimebma sangris gaTxra ver SeZles. sayvareli
Suamavalic am viwro monakveTs ar Sordeboda da sahabeebs
mxneobisken mouwodebda. muslimebic, romlebic SuamavlTan erTad brZolas, Rirsebad afasebdnen, brZolis velze
araCveulebriv gmirobiT gamoirCeodnen.
warmarTTa erTaderTi mizani isalmis Zirfesvianad CaxSoba iyo da amisTvis didi mondomebiT ibrZodnen kidec, magram roca mixvdnen, rom dRisiT ganxorcielebuli ieriSebi
aranair Sedegs iRebda. Setevaze gadasvla RamiT gadawyvites. es gegma sisruleSi moiyvanes da iudeveli qureizas
tomTan erTad RamiT Setevaze gadavidnen. warmarTebma jari
jgufebad dahyves da ieriSebs rig-rigobiT axorcielebdnen.
ase gagrZelda ramodenime dRe, sayvareli Suamavlis meTaurobiT uZinari, mSier-mwyurvali sahabeebi TavdacvT brZolebs agrZelebdnen. arcerT mowinaaRmdege meomars sangarze
gadmosvlis saSualeba ar misces. es omi, romelSic islamis
jari mTel Tavis Zalisxmevas ar iSurebda, winandel yvela
laSqrobasTan SedarebiT ufro, saSineli, mZvinvare da Zneli iyo.
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brZolis dawyebidan ramdenime dRe iyo gasuli. am xnis
hendeqis brZola
o
ganmavlobaSi warmarTebs sakvebis nakleboba ar ganucdiaT,
magram bolos produqtebi maTac gamoeliaT da Sesabamisad
SimSilma isinic Seawuxa. SimSilisgan cxenebi da aqlemebic
ixocebodnen. amis gamo, warmarTTa jaris sardalma qureizas
iudevelebTan, sursaTis maragis Sesavsebad, dirar bin hattabis meTaurobiT SenaerTi gagzavna. iudevelebi, romlebic
urwmunoebs rac ebadaT yvelafers aZlevdnen, amjeradac
ase moiqcnen da maSinve oci aqlemi xorbliT, qeriT, xurmiTa da pirutyvisTvis saWiro xmeli balaxiT datvirTes da
warmarTebs gadasces. dirari meomrebTan erTad gaxarebuli gaudga gzas, magram kubasTan axlos maT sahabeTa jgufi
daxvdaT. brZola didxans ar gagrZelebula. sahabeebma warmarTebi gaitaces, xolo sursaTiT datvirTuli aqlemebi
sayvarel Suamavals mouyvanes.
wminda Suamavals, daaxloebiT erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi,
TavganwirviT mebrZoli Tanamimdevrebi Zalian ecodeboda
da maT mimarT did gulisxmierebas iCenda. maTi aseTi zeadamianuri SemarTebis Semyure, kacobriobis siamaye, bolo
dReebSi, xSirad, uzenaes allahs ase evedrebda: `gaWirvebulTa damxmrev, xelmoklebTa da sasowarkveTilTa vedrebis
msmenelo allah! ueWvelia ici da xedav Tu ra mdgomareobaSia
Cemi eshabi. Sen daamarcxe urwmunoni, maTSi ganxeTqileba Caagde da maT winaaRmdeg gamarjveba da sixaruli mogveci!...~
SimSilobiT Sewuxebuli warmarTebi, islamis gasanadgureblad mTeli SemarTebiT ibrZodnen. erT saRamos warmarTTa jaridan sayvarel SuamavlTan erTi pirovneba mivida, romelsac gulSi islamis mimarT didi siyvaruli hqonda.
igi gaTafes tomidan iyo da saxelad nuaim bin mesudi erqva.
igi Suamavlis winaSe warsdga da Tqva: allahis Suamavalo!
Sen winaSe movedi raTa vaRiaro, rom ar arsebobs RvTaeba
garda allahisa da Sen ki misi Suamavali xar, madloba yovlisSemZle allahs islamiT rom gavciskrovndi. dRemde
Tqvens winaRmdeg vibrZodi, amieridan ki Tqven sakeTildReod gavirjebi. mzad var nebismieri Tqveni brZaneba pirn- 347
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aTlad Sevasrulo! allahis Suamavalo, minda gamcnoT rom
Cemma tommac Cemi gamuslimebis Sesaxeb araferi icis~. sayvarel Suamavalma mas aseTi davaleba misca: `SegiZlia, urwmunoTa Soris ganxeTqilebis Camoagdo da maT erTamenTisgan
gasayofad imuSao? _ `wminda Suamavalo, yovlisSemZle allahis nebiT, SevZleb davalebis Sesrulebas~ _ miugo axladgamuslimebulma nuaimma.
amis Semdeg igi, Tavdapirvelad, qureizel iudevelebTan
mivida da uTxra: `Zalian miyvarxarT da minda mniSvnelovani ram giTxraT. oRond, davificoT, rom axla razec movilaparakebT, Cvens garda aravin unda gaigos.~ man Semdegi
winadadeba wamoayena: `yvela iciT, rom am kacis (wminda Suamavlis) saqme WiriviT gvaqvs akidebuli, kargad iciT, Tu ra
dRe daayara nadrisa da qainuqas toms, yvela TqvenTaganma
naxeT, rom isini samSoblodan, maTi kerebidan gaaZeva. dRes
yuraiSebi da gaTafanebi aq ibrZvian, Tqven ki maT exmarebiT.
miuxedavad imisa, rom ramdenime dRea, rac vomobT, Sedegi
arsad Cans. Tuki ase gagrZeldeba, rogorc Cans, blokada didxans ar moixsneba. yuraiSebsa da gaTafanebs adgil-mamuli,
samSoblo, Svilebi TqvensaviT aq, axlos ar hyavT. Tu am omSi
gaimarjveben, dros ixelTeben, nadavls akrefen da wavlen,
Tu damarcxdebian maSinac Taviant samSobloSi dabrundebian da Tqven martodmarto dagtoveben. Tqven ki mxolod sakuTari ZalebiT muslimebis winaaRmdeg brZolisaTvis Zala
ar SegwevT. amJamindeli viTareba ki, rogorc vxedav, maT
mosalodnel gamarjvebaze migvaniSnebs. Tu marTla ase moxdeba muslimebi agkuwaven da arcerT Tqvenfans cocxals ar
datoveben. amitom saswrafo zomebis miReba gWirdebaT.~
iudevelebi nuaims udidesi mRelvarebiTa da gulisyuriT
usmendnen, bolos mas yvelafrisTvis didi madloba gadauxades da uTxres: `Seni Cvendami megobroba Rirseulad warmoaCine, barem isic gviTxari ra saxis zomebi unda miviRoT?~
swored amas eloda nuaimic, man Tqva: `rac mTavaria, yuraiS
348 da gaTafanel didgvarovanTagan mZevlebis ayvanis gareSe,
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hendeqis brZola
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muslimebis winaaRmdeg brZolaze araviTar SemTxvevaSi daTanxmdeT. sanam mZevlebi TqvenTan iqnebian isini brZolis
vels ver miatoveben da ver gaiqcevian~. iudevelebs Zalian
moewonaT nuaimis SeTavazeba, mas kargad gaumaspinZldnen da
didi madloba gadauxades.
amis Semdeg nuaimi pirdapir yureiSelebis adgilsamyofelisken gaemarTa. mivida da jaris sardlebs mimarTa: `kargad iciT, muhammedis mimarT Cemi mtruli damokidebulebis
Sesaxeb da isic, rom Tqvendami didi siyvaruli mamoZravebs.
Tqvendami megobruli siyvarulidan gamomdinare valdebulad vTvli Tavs rac gavige, Tqvenc gadmogceT. magram piroba unda dadoT, daificoT, rom rasac getyviT, saidumlod
SeinaxavT!~ roca yuraiSebma daifices, rom am molaparekebis Sesaxeb aravis arafers etyodnen, nuaimma maT uTxra
`icodeT, rom qureizeli iudevelebi Tqventan dadebul SeTanxmebas nanoben da muhammedisTvis ucnobebiaT, yuraiSTa
da gaTafanelTa didebulTagan ramdenime mZevals mogcemt
da Tavebi mohkveTeT, Semdeg gaverTiandeT da warmarTebs
maT srul ganadgurebamde vebrZoloTo. oRond Cveni Zmebi nadirisSvilebi gaaTavisufle da samSobloSi cxovrebis
ufleba miecio. muhammedic iudevelebis am SemoTavazebas
daTanxmebia. daimaxsovreT, Tu iudevelebi mZevlebs mogTxoven, frTxilad iyaviT ar misceT, Torem yvelas moklaven.
yuraiSebma am metad mniSvnelovani informaciisTvis mas madloba gadauxades.
nuaimi amis Semdeg gaTafanebTan mivida da maTac igive dezinformacia miawoda.
meore dRes yuraiSTa sardalma qureizelebs acnoba: `Cveni aq gaCereba ukve SeuZlebelia, vinaidan civi amindia da pirutyvic SiSmilisgan gvexoceba. amaRam kargad movemzadoT
da xval erToblivi Seteva gavnaxorcieloT~. iudevelebma
miuges: `jer erTi, Cven SabaT dRes ar vomobT da meorec,
TqvenTan erTad rom vibrZoloT, amisaTvis warCinebulTagan
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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ramdenime kaci mZevlad unda gadmogvceT. radgan blokada
didxans rom gagrZeldes da davmarcxdeT, Tqven samSobloSi
gaqceviT uSveliT Tavs, magram Cven muhammedTan martoni
davrCebiT. Tu mZevlebs dagvitovebT, imaT veRar miatovebT da ar gaiqceviT.~ yuraiSTa sardalma, es ambavi rom
miuvida, Tqva, nuaims marTali uTqvams CvenTviso da Semdeg
iudevelebs acnoba: `mZevlad erT kacsac ar mogcemT, Tu
xval moxvalT da CvenTan erTad ibrZolebT amas ra ajobebs, xolo Tu ase ar izamT, maSin samSobloSi davbrundebiT
Tqven ki muhammedi bolos mogiReb.~ quraizelma iudevelebma es rom gaiges, ifiqres, nuaims marTali uTqvamso da warmarTebs SeuTvales, Tu asea, arc TqvenTan erTad davdgebiT
da arc muslimebis winaaRmdeg vibrZolebTo. amgvarad warmarTebSic da iudevelebSic erTmaneTis mimarT undoblobam
daisadgura.
im dRes wminda Suamavals jebrail angelozi gamoecxada
da amcno: `uzenaesi allahi warmarTebs Zlieri grigaliT gaanadgurebs.~ am zeSTagonebis miRebam Suamavali Zalian gaaxara, muxlebze daiCoqa. xelebi aRmarTa da uzenaes allahs
udidesi daxmarebisTvis madloba Seswira. Semdeg ki es sasixarulo ambavi gmirulad mebrZol sahabeebs umaxarobla.
SabaTis Rame iyo, irgvliv samariseburi sibnele mefobda.
jer saSinlad acivda Semdeg ki Zlieri grigali amovarda. am
Ramis Sesaxeb huzeifeT ubnu iemeani ase mogiTxrobs:
`im Rames iseTi ukuneTi iyo, rom aseTi sibnele arasdros
minaxavs. jer Weqa-quxili daiwyo, Semdeg ki Zlieri grigali
amovarda. Suamavalma gvamcno rom warmarTebis jars SiSis
zari daeca da matsa da iudevelebs Soris ganxeTqileba Camovarda. Cven ki sicivisa da SimSilisgan fexze ver vdgebodiT. raRac raRaceebi davixureT da lodini daviwyeT.
amgvarad, morwmuneebi mTeli ZalebiT ibrZodnen. mxolod
nuamma, romelic gaTafanis tomis winam-ZRolTagani iyo da
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hendeqis brZola
o
Suamavlis istruqciiT _ `omi xrikiao~1, _ xelmZRvanelobda:
kerpTayvanismcem-lebsa da beni quraizas gaTiSva moaxerxa.
medinaze garSemortymuli tomebi gaiyvnen da uTanxmoeba CamouvardaT. yvelas erTmaneTis eSinoda. sabolood ebraelebi nuamis xrikebze wamoegnen da cixeebSi Caiketnen. morwmuneebi kvlavac sakmaod mZime mdgomareobaSi iyvnen. wminda
Suamavalsa da mis Tanamimdevrebs, romlebic warmarTebis
alyaSi iyvnen moqceulni da mZime gamocdis winaSe idgnen,
Semdegi aiaTi moevlinaT:
`Tu... gegonaT, rom SexvidodiT samoTxeSi ise, rom ar dagemarTebodaT Tqvenamde namyofTa msgavsi? gaWirveba da gansacdeli, rom daatydaT
Tavs, ise SeZrwundnen, rom Suamavali da masTan erTad morwmuneebic ambobdnen: rodisRa iqneba Svela allahisagan? _
uwyodeT, ueWvelad, allahis Svela axlosaa!~2
allahis Suamavalma xelebi maRla aRapyro da RmerTs Seevedra:
`RmerTo Cemo! didebuli yuranis momvleno allaho!
RmerTo, mtrebis swrafad moangariSev! Sen medinas win Sekrebili es arabuli tomebi daSale! Cemo allaho! maTi nebisyofa gatexe da adgilebze nuRar gaaCereb!~3
allahis Suamavals es vedreba damTavrebuli ar hqonda, rom RmerTis daxmareba marTlac movida. mtris rigebis
mimarTulebiT saSineli qariSxali atyda. romelic yvelafers fantavda, medinas dablobebSi arsebul mtversa da miwas kerpTayvanismcemlebs pirdapir saxeSi ayrida. karvebs
arRvevda da haerSi afrialebda, saWmlis qvabebs abrunebda,
cecxls aqrobda, satvirTo aqlemebsa da jariskacTa cxenebs erTmaneTs axeTqebda.4
1.
2.
3.
4.
buhari, jihadi, 157, muslimi, jihadi, 17.
sura bayara, aiaTi 214.
buhari, meRazi, 297.
ix. ibn sadi, II, 71.
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warmarTebi romelTac es zeciuri katastrofa da RvTiuri risxva daatydaT Tavs, sacodav mdgomareobaSi Cavardnen,
airiv-dairivnen. abu sufianic ki, romelic omSi veragulad
ibrZoda, gamouval mdgomareobaSi Cavarda da jariskacebs
uTxra:
`me ukan vbrundebi. Tqvenc Tavs uSveleT!~ _ aqlemze Sejda da meqasaken mokurcxla.5
udidesma RmerTma morwmuneebs daxmareba gamougzavna, aiaTSi asea nabrZanebi:
`morwmuneno, gaixseneT allahis mowyaleba Tqven-dami:
roca Tqven jarebi gesxmoda Tavs, Cven gavugzavneT maT sawinaaRmdegod qariSxali da mxedroba, romelsac Tqven ver
xedavT, allahi ki xedavda, rasac Tqven akeTebdiT.~6
`allahi ganrisxda da ukuhyara urwmunoni; isini ver miaRweven veraviTar sikeTes. brZolaSi allahis (daxmareba)
sakmarisi iyo morwmuneTaTvis. allahi yovlis SemZle da
uZlieresia.~7
areul-dareuli mtris jari gaiqca. maT brZolis velze
aqlemebi, saomari iaraRebi, sursaT-sanovage da sxva bevri
alafi datoves. amis gamo medinaSi gaWirveba aRar iyo. allahis Suamavalma am RvTiuri wyalobisa da didi gamarjvebis Semdeg Tanamimdevrebs uTxra:
`axla Tqveni jeria! amis Semdeg yuraiSebi Tqvenze aRar
gamoilaSqreben!~8
amgvarad, man aRniSna, rom amis Semdeg SeeZloT marto
TavdacviTi ki ara, TavdasxmiTi omic ewar-moebinaT. axla
ara marto kerpTayvanismcelebis siamaye, aramed maTi Semtevi Zalebic ganadgurebuli iyo. yvela morwmune allahis
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5.
6.
7.
8.
ix. ibn hiSami, III, 251.
sura ahzabi, aiaTi 9.
sura ahzabi, aiaTi 25.
buhari, meRazi, 29.
hendeqis brZola
o
Suamavlis warmoTqmul am WeSmaritebas eTanxmeboda da xmamaRla ambobda:
`amis Semdeg, maTze Cven gavilaSqrebTo!~
beni quraizas omi
(23 zilqade, 5/15 aprili, 627 w.)
`sangaris omi~ moiges. mteri azarales da medinaSi dabrundnen. allahis Suamavali saxlSi mivida Cveulebisamebr,
abjari gaixada da banaoba daiwyo. am dros jebraili movida
da uTxra:
`iaraRi ukve miatove? Cven jer ar migvitovebia!~
allahis Suamavalma hkiTxa:
`es imas niSnavs, rom unda gavilaSqroT? sad?~
jebrailma beni quraizas tomis samSobloze miuTiTa.
maT omis dros Suamavals uRalates. rogorc ebraelebma,
beni quraizamac allahis SuamavalTan dadebuli SeTanxmeba daarRvia da yvelaze mZime momentSi uRalata. maT Soris dadebuli SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, roca medinas kerpTayvanismcemlebi daesxmodnen Tavs, isini qalaqis dasacavad
unda gamosuliyvnen. magram isini piriqiT iqceodnen. yoveli xelsayreli SemTxvevisas aTasgvar veragobasa da sisaZagles Cadiodnen. amgvarad TavianTi samare sakuTari xeliT
gaiTxares.
rogorc ki RmerTisagan brZaneba miiRo, wminda Suamavalma
maSinve morwmuneebi Sekriba da beni quraizaze gailaSqra.
`vinc mismens da memorCileba, naSuadRevis namazi ar unda
ilocos manam, sanam beni quraizas samSobloSi ar mivaRwevT!~
_ brZana da gzas daadga. ase rom, ebraelebi brZolisTvis
momzadebas veRar moaswrebdnen.9
9. buhari, meRazi, 30.
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rogorc ki ebraelebma dainaxes wminda alis meTaurobiT
momavali mowinave Zala, imis nacvlad rom moenaniebinaT yvelaferi is, rac Caidines, ganrisxdnen da allahis Suamavlis
misamarTiT aTasgvari sisaZagle ilaybes. xma Caiwyvites mxolod mas Semdeg, roca allahis Suamavlis meTaurobiT momavali samiaTas kaciani islamuri armia dainaxes. ebraelebma
mis SiSiT, TavianTi naTqvami maSinve uaryves.
useid ibn hudairma maT uTxra:
`allahis mtrebo! Tqvens cixeze manam gveqneba alya Semortymuli, sanam SimSiliT ar daixocebiT!~
beni quraizas ebraelebma SiSiT Seaxsenes, rom Cven hazrejelebi ara varT, (Tqveni) mokavSireebi varTo.
`axla ukve Tqvensa da Cvens Soris arc SeTanxmebaa da arc
molaparakeba,~ _ Seaxsena useidma.
allahis Suamavali brZolis dawyebamde cixe-simagresTan
axlos mivida da maT islami uqadaga, magram maT ar ismines.
alya didxans rom gagrZelda, ebraelebi Zalian danaRvliandnen. liderebisagan qab ibn esedma mimar-Ta Tavis xalxs:
`ebraelebis jamaaTno! xom xedavT, ra ubedureba dagvatyda Tavs. me Tqven sam winadadebas gTavazobT, maTgan erTerTi airCieT.~
`brZaneo~, _ uTxres.
qabma daiwyo:
`pirveli, am kacs davemorCiloT, misi Suamavloba vaRiaroT! RmerTmani, aSkaraa, rom is TqvenTvis movlenili
Suamavalia, es is kacia, romelic Tqvens wignebSia moxsenebuli. Tuki mas irwmunebT, Tqven sisxls, qonebas, bavSvebsa
da qalebs daicavT!~
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`Cven arasdros vityviT uars TevraTis (Tora) kanonebze,
mas sxva wigniT arasdros SevcvliT,~ _ iyo pasuxi.
hendeqis brZola
o
amis Semdeg qabma ebraelebs SabaT Rames, muslimanTa ieriSis dawyebamde, maTze Tavdassxa SesTavaza. aravin daeTanxma,
radganac allahma maT gulSi SiSi daTesa.
samma axalgazrdam: saalebem, useidma da esedma ebraeli
mecnierebis bolo Suamavalze monaTxrobi Taviseburebebi
muhamedSi dainaxes da gamuslimandnen. Rame cixidan gamoiparnen da SuamavalTan mividnen!10
ebraelebi im dRes iZulebuli gaxdnen, upirobod Cabarebodnen. imis gamo, rom beni quraizas ebraelebi evsis tomis
dacvis qveS imyofebodnen, allahis Suamavalma arbitrad
tomis winamZRoli, Zvirfasi sadi, ixmo. miuxedavad imisa,
rom sadi daWrili iyo, wminda Suamavals daemorCila da eaxla. roca is daiWra, udides RmerTs ase Seexvewa:
`RmerTo! suli ar wamarTva manam, sanam quraizebze Surs
ar viZiebT!~ Zvirfasma sadma, ebraelebis surviliT, samarTali musas kanonebis mixedviT gaarCia. mis mier miRebul
gadawyvetilebas wminda Suamavalic daemowma da Tqva:
`sad! vficav, rom Sen allahis Svidfena zecaSi dawesebuli kanonebis Sesabamisi mmarTveli xar!~
Zvirfasi sadis gulidan warmoTqmuli vedreba dakmayofilda. omSi morwmuneebisaTvis zurgSi laxvaris Camcemi
ebraelebis saqme rogorc ki gaarCia, mas Wriloba gaexsna,
cota xnis Semdeg ki Suamavalze Seyvarebul Tanamimdevars,
Sehidad gardacvalebis bedniereba uwyaloba RmerTma.
allahis Suamavalma brZana:
`sad ibn
samyaro.~11
muazis
gardacvalebam
Seazanzara
mTeli
miuxedavad imisa, rom sadi sakmaod mZlavri aRnagobisa
iyo, adamianebs roca misi gvami gadahqondaT, is msubuqi
10. ibn hiSami, III 256.
11. buhari, menaqibul-ansari, 12, muslimi, fedailul rahame 125.
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eCvenaT. allahis Suamavalma am saocrebis Sesaxeb brZana:
`is sxvebs mihyavT! vficav allahs, romelsac Cemi Zala
ekuTvnis, angelozebma sadis suliT gaixares!~
wminda muhammed Suamavalma sadis gansasvenebeli namazi
iloca, is saflavSi Caasvena da miwa miayara, Semdeg ki didxans allahs evedreboda. Tanamimdevrebic allahis Suamavals mihyvnen da loculobdnen. Semdeg wminda Suamavalma
Teqbiri aiRo, Tanamimdevrebic ase moiqcnen. maT hkiTxes:
`allahis Suamavalo! ratom loculobdi amdenxans an Teqbiri ratom aiRe!~
allahis Suamavalma brZana:
`manam, sanam allahi gaafarToebda, saflavi viwro iyo
da am RvTismosav mona-msaxurs uWerda~ Semdeg ganagrZo:
`Tu ki SeiZleboda vinme saflavis gamocdas gadarCenoda,
upirvelesad sadi daaRwevda Tavs. magram saflavma igi jer
SeboWa Semdeg ki uzenaesma allahma saflavi gaufarTova.~
enesi gadmogvcems:
`allahis Suamavals oqros sirmebiT moqarguli juba aCuqes. es Casacmeli xalxs Zalian moswonda. misi silamazisa da
sirbilisagan gaocebuli iyvnen. allahis Suamavalma Tqva:
`vficav allahs, romelsac muhammedis suli ekuTvnis,
rom sad ibn muazis xelsaxocebi, romlebic samoTxeSi aqvs,
magaze ufro lamazi da gasaocario.~12
*
*
*
`sangris brZolaSi~ RmerTis wyaloba da warmateba yuranSi asea gacxadebuli:
`man is gaakeTa, rom wignis mqoneTagan vinc exma-reboda maT,
gamoaZeva TavianTi cixesimagreebidan; man CaTesa maT gulebSi
SiSi; maTi nawili Tqven daxoceT, xolo nawili tyved aiyvaneT.
n
356 12. buhari, bedul-hades 8; muslimi, fedaili, 126.
hendeqis brZola
o
allahma giboZaT Tqven maTi samemkvidro miwa, maTi saxlebi
da qoneba; miwebi, romlebzec jer fexic ar dagedgaT. allahi
yovlisSemZlea.~13
13. sura ahzabi, aiaTebi 26, 27.
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hudeibies SeTanxmeba
allahis Suamavalma nanaxi sizmaridan gamomdinare, muslimanebs masTan erTad qaabas monaxuleba da misi garsSemovla
SesTavaza.1 am miwvevas 400 Tanamimdevari daeTanxma. yvela
erTad hijris meeqvse wels, zilqades Tvis pirvel orSabaTs, meqisken daiZra. isini saomrad ar midiodnen, amitomac
Tan mxolod samgzavro saWurveli waiRes da samocdaaTamde
yurbnad Sesawira aqlemi waiyvanes.2
keTilSobil omarma Suamavals hkiTxa:
`allahis Suamavalo! ar nerviulobT, rom abu sufiani da
misi xalxi SeiZleba Tavs dagvesxan? ar SeiZleba, yoveli
SemTxvevisTvis, iaraRi waviRoT?~
allahis Suamavalma brZana:
`ar vici! roca miznad umra davisaxe, ar minda iaraRi Tan
waviRo.~3
daTqmul dros roca, `zulhuleifes~ ubanSi mividnen,
wminda Suamavalma ihrami Caicva da umras nieTi daisaxa. Tanamimdevrebic ase moiqcnen, xmamaRla Telbie (lebbeiq allahume lebbieq) warmoTqves. maTi gulebi Sepyrobili iyo
qaabas naxvis dauokebeli surviliT. sulieri aRelvebiTa da
RmerTis siyvaruliT Sepyrobilebi iqaurobas nabij-nabij
uaxlovdebodnen.
rogorc ki gaiges, muslimanebi meqas gzas daad-gneno,
yuraiSebi aRelvebam Seipyro. Seikribnen da gadawyvites
morwmuneni meqaSi ar SeeSvaT. halid ibn velidis da iqrimes
meTaurobiT momzadebuli, oras kaciani jgufi gzas gaudga.
1. ibn sadi, II, 35.
2. vaqidi, II, 573.
3. vaqidi, II, 573.
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allahis Suamavali senies ubanSi mivida. iqidan SesaZlebeli iyo im adgilamde Casuliyvnen, sadac yuraiSebi imyofebodnen. magram Suamavlis aqlemma, qasvam, iq Caimuxla.
`adeqi, adeqi, wadi, wadi!~ _ uZaxes, magram aqlemi ar
adga.
amazed allahis Suamavalma brZana:
`ara, qasvas ar Caumuxlia da ar darCenila. amas amgvari
xasiaTi ar aqvs. misi gaCereba maSin, roca meqaSi midis, mxolod RmerTs SeuZliao!~
Semdeg wminda Suamavalma gaagrZela:
`vficav allahs, romelsac Cemi suli ekuT-vnis, yuraiSma
kerpTayvanismcemlebma haremSi, sadac orTabrZola, sisxlis
daRvra da naTesavebis uflebaTa Selaxvis msgavsi saqmeebis
Cadena akrZalulia, allahis Tayvaniscemis safasurad, rac
unda mTxovon, aucileblad SevuTanxmdebi!~
Semdeg aqlemis wamoyeneba isurva, isic SekrTa da wamoxta.
allahis Suamavali im mxarisken mitrialda, sadac yuraiSebi
iyvnen da WasTan, romelSic cota wyali moipoveboda, aqlemidan CamoqveiTda. es hudeibies mxaris yvelaze Sori adgili
iyo. WaSi wyali cota iyo, bevri dro ar gasula da esec daSra. uwylobiT Sewuxebulebma allahis Suamavals SesCivles.
manac erTi isari amoiRo da uTxra, is Wis fsker-ze CaegdoT.
didi xani ara gasula, wyalma amoxeTqa da sanam iqaurobas ar
moscildnen, ar Sewyvetila.
roca isini am mdgomareobaSi iyvnen, huzas tomis beladi,
budeili tomis erT jgufTan erTad movida da auwya rom
meqqelebi omisTvis emzadebodnen. maTi am foriaqis sapasuxod allahis Suamavalma budeils hudeibieSi mosvlis mizezi auxsna:
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`aravisTan sabrZolvelad ar movsulvarT. Cveni mizani qaabas monaxulebaa, umraa. omma yuraiSebs Zala gamoacala da
hudeibies SeTanxmeba
o
maT didi zarali miayena. Tu gindaT (Cvens Soris orTabrZolis SewyvetisTvis), maTTan garkveuli droiT xelSekrulebas davdebT. am mdgomareobaSi isini Cemsa da xalxs Soris
ar unda Cadgnen. Tu surT, islami, yuraiSebsac SeuZliaT,
miiRon da mSvidad iyvnen. Tuki yuraiSebi am SeTavazebas ar
daeTanxmebian, RmerTmani, me am rwmenis sasikeTod manam vibrZoleb, sanam Tavi mxrebze medgmeba. allahis Senapirebi
aucileblad aRsruldeba.~
budeili meqaSi dabrunda da yuraiSebs allahis Suamavlis
es sityvebi gadasca. ibn mesudi wamodga da Tqva:
`es kaci Tqven swor da keTil gzas gaCvenebT. mas daeTanxmeT da mosalaparakeblad masTan me gamgzavneT!~
yuraiSelebi daTanxmdnen da mesuds neba darTes SuamavalTan wasuliyo:
urve allahis SuamavalTan mivida. wminda Suamavalma masac igive uTxra, rac budeils. urve am dros cali TvaliT
misi Tanamimdevrebis qcevas akvirdeboda. roca dabrunda,
nanaxi yuraiSebs gadasca:
`Cemo modgmav, momismineT! RmerTmani, me, rogorc elCi,
bevri mefis winaSe warvmsdgarvar: qisrasTan, qaiserTan, nejaSTan vyofilvar, magram is, rac muhammed-Tan dakavSirebiT vnaxe, sxvagan arsad minaxavs. is Tu rames ubrZanebs, yvela erTad garbis, Tuki abdess aiRebs, gamoyenebuli wylis
gadasaRvrelad erTmaneTs ecilebian. Tuki rames saubrobs,
sulganabuli usmenen. mis mimarT iseT pativiscemas grZnoben, rom saxeSi ver uyureben, da Tavi mis win aqvT daxrili.
Tavidan erTi bewvi Tma rom Camouvardes, maSinve aiReben da
inaxaven. es kaci Tqven racionalur winadadebas gTavazobT,
daeTanxmeT.~4
4. dasavleli mwerali Tomas jarlile iZulebuli gaxda, es ase gamoexata:
`arc erT imperators, romelsac Tavze gvirgvini edga da skiptra eWira,
imdeni pativi ar Rirsebia. ramdenic muhammedso.~
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urves am ganmartebebze qinanes tomis erT-erTma warmomadgenelma Tqva.
`Tu nebas momcemT, masTan erTxel mec waval.~ rogorc
ki allahis Suamavalsa da mis Tanamimdevrebs miuaxlovda,
wminda Suamavalma Tqva:
`ai, sxvac! is im toms ganekuTvneba, vinc hajobisa da umrasTvis gamoyofil sayurbne aqlemebs scems pativs. sayurbne saqoneli win gamorekeT da naxos!~ _ Tanamimdevrebi im
kacs TelbieTi (lebbeiq allahumme lebbeiq) Sexvdnen. mosulma es rom dainaxa, gaocebiT Tqva:
`am adamianebisaTvis qaabas gzebis gadaketva Rirseuli saqcieli ar aris.~5
kerpTayvanismcemlebma elCebs ar mousmines,
samxedro
SenaerTi Seqmnes da Tavdasasxmelad gaagzavnes. es jgufi
muslimanebma tyved aiyvanes, auxsnes, rom allahis Suamavali ara saomrad aramed umras Sesasruleblad iyo mosuli da
gaanTavisufles.
wminda Suamavalma karavi hudeibieSi, meqas haremis gareT,
gaSala. iq yofnis periodSi igi midioda da yvela namazs meqas haremSi asrulebda.6 ambobda, rom mesjidi haremSi Sesrulebuli erTi locva, sxva adgilze Sesrulebul asiaTas
namazze ufro madliania.7
zavi, romelsac allahis Suamavali daTanxmda
(beiaTul ridvani)
am dros warmarTTagan, kidev ramdenime elCi movida, magram verc erTma ver SeZlo zavze Tavisianebis darwmuneba.
saboloo mSvidobis dasamyareblad, kerpTayvanismcemlebis
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5. buhari, SehadeTi, 15; ahmedi, IV, 323-324.
6. vaqidi, II, 614, ahmedi, IV, 326.
7. ix. ibn maje, aqabe, 195.
hudeibies SeTanxmeba
o
sanaxavad da ambis gasagebad wminda Suamavalma meqaSi keTilSobili osmani gagzavna da daabara:
`yuraiSebTan wadi! maT acnobe, rom aq Cven aravisTan
sabrZolvelad ar movsulvarT! Cven aq mxolod imi-saTvis movediT, rom qaaba movinaxuloT, mas pativi mivagoT da
vilocoT, yurbani davklaT da ukan gavbrundeT! amas rom
auxsni, maT islami uqadage!~ amasTan erTad daavala, iqaur
morwmuneebs Sexvedroda da maTTvis exarebina, rom meqaze
gamarjveba axlos iyo, rom udidesi allahis rwmena maT
daexmareboda. axlo iyo is dRe, roca meqaSi rwmena aSkarad
gacxaddeboda.8
keTilSobili osmani allahis Suamavlis brZanebis Sesasruleblad maSinve meqaSi wavida. kerpTayvanismcemlebs amcno, rom maTi mizani umras Sesruleba iyo. miuxedavad amisa,
warmarTebma nebarTva mainc ar misces. ise, rom osmanisTvis
Tvali ar moucilebiaT, uTxres:
`Sen Tu ginda, qaabas Semouare!~ _ magram wminda osmanma,
romelmac Tavisi Tavi allahsa da Suamavals miuZRvna, uTxra:
`Tuki wminda Suamavali qaabas gars ver Semouvlis, mec ar
Semovuvli! me mas mxolod mis Semdeg movinaxuleb.~ _ amiT
man allahis Suamavlisadmi usazRvro erTguleba gamoxata.9
osmanma ukan dabruneba daagviana, atyda miTqma-moTqma,
rom is mokles. muslimanebsa da kerpTayvanis-mcemlebs Soris situacia daiZaba. allahis Suamavalma, keTilSobili osmanis sikvdilis albaTobis gamo, Tanamimdevrebi Sekriba da
uTxra:
`rogorc Cans aqedan warmarTebTan Setakebis gareSe ver
unda wavideT.~10
8. ibn sadi, II, 97; ibn qaimi, III, 290.
9. ahmedi, IV, 324.
10. ibn hiSami, III, 364.
n
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
mas yvela im Tanamimdevarma auba mxari, vinc mzad iyo allahis gzaze Tavi gaewira. qalma da kacma, didma da pataram
_ yvelam erTxmad aRiara:
`allahis Suamavals gulSi ra survilic aqvs, yvelas
veTanxmebiT~ da misi es survili sixaruliT aRasrules.11
morwmuneebma sityva misces, rom allahis gzaze sisxlis
ukanasknel wveTamde ibrZolebdnen. wminda Suamavlis madlmosili xeli daiWires da Sehfices. ficis dros man Tavisi
erTi xeliT meore daiWira da daamata:
`esec osmanis Tanxmobaa!~ osmanisadmi ndoba da siyvaruli
amgvarad gamoxata.12
xis qveS dadebul am zavs (fics) `beiaTur-ridvani~ `hudeibeies beiaTi~ ewoda. im dRes, erTi farisevlis garda, yvela
Tanamimdevari SeTanxmda. es fici Tanamimdevrebis mier udidesi RmerTis kmayofilebis mopovebis saSvalebad iqca.
`allahi darCa kmayofili marTlmorwmuneebiT, romlebmac
Semogfices Sen rwmenis erTgulebaze xis qveS; man icoda, rac
iyo maT gulebSi; man gardmouvlina maT simSvide da daajildova axlo gamarjvebiT.~13
allahis Suamavalma erT dRes, roca Zvirfasi hafsas gverdiT imyofeboda, brZana:
`RvTis nebiT, im adamianTagan, vinc SeTanxmebis dros xis
qveS iyo, jojoxeTSi aravin moxvdeba.~
am sityvebis mosmenisas hafsas TavSi kiTxva daebada:
`ki magram allahis Suamavalo, udidesi RmerTi rom brZanebs:
`Tqvengan uklebliv yvela uTuod jojoxeTSi Seva.es ganaCe-
n
364
11. vaqidi, II, 607.
12. buhari, ashabun-nebi, 71.
13. sura feTihi, aiaTi 18.
hudeibies SeTanxmeba
o
nia, Seni uflis mier gamotanili.~14
`es rogor iqneba?~
wminda Suamavalma upasuxa:
`udidesma allahma asec brZana~ _ Semdegi ki aiaTi waikiTxa:
`Semdeg Cven gadavarCenT maT, visac eSiniaT allahis, xolo
codvilebs muxlze damxobili davtovebT.~15
allahis Suamavalma iqve axsna, rom gamoTqma `jojoxeTSi
moxvedra~, uSualod iq Sesvlas ar niSnavs, rom is gamoxatavs mis Tavze arsebul Znelad gasasvlel xidze gadaadgilebas.16
*
*
*
wminda jabiri gadmogvcems:
`hudeibieSi xalxs moswyurda da wminda SuamavalTan mivida. mis win tyavisagan damzadebuli wylis WurWeli ido.
roca man abdesi aiRo, misulebma moaxsenes:
`abdesis asaRebad da dasalevad imis meti wyali aRar darCa, Tqvens win rom devs.~
wminda Suamavalma xelebi WurWels daado. misi TiTebidan
wyali ise wamovida, TiTqo wyaro yofiliyo. yvelam iqedan
davlieT da abdesi aviReT. wminda jabirs hkiTxes:
`im dRes ramdeni adamiani iyaviT?~
`asi aTasi adamiani rom yofiliyo, wyali eyofoda, magram
Cven 1500 kaci viyaviT,~ _ upasuxa.17
hudeibies molaparakeba: qadagebis axali etapi
14.
15.
16.
17.
sura mariami, aiaTi 71.
sura mariami, aiaTi 72.
muslimi, fedailu, sahabe, 6.
buhari, menaqibi, 25.
n
365
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
kerpTayvanismcemlebi, rogorc ki gaiges `ridvanis ficis~
pirobebi, aRelvebam moicva. saqmes seriozuli xasiaTi mieca, maT gulebSi saSineli SiSi CausaxldaT. maSinve mSvidobis sasargeblo gadawyvetileba miiRes da suheil ibn amri
wminda SuamavalTan afrines. wminda Suamavalma, rogorc ki
suheili dainaxa, romlis saxelic `advils~ niSnavs, Tqva:
`Tqveni saqme gaadvilda, suheili movida.~
wminda Suamavali uzenaesi allahis brZanebisameb moiqca:
`da Tu mSvidobisaken ixrebian, dae, Senc misken miiqec da allahs miende, ueWvelad, igi(a), swored igia yovlis gamgoni, (da)
mcodne.~18
kerpTayvanismcemlebis pirveli survili iyo, muslimanebs
im wels umra ar SeesrulebinaT. amasTanave sxva aSkarad mZime survilebic hqondaT. grZeli da cxare saubris Semdeg,
mSvidobis pirobaze SeTanxmdnen.
wminda Suamavalma xelSekrulebis pirobebis Camowera
wminda alis daavala. misi brZanebiT, keTilSobil alis `besmeleTi~ unda daewyo, suheili mas SeewinaaRmdega. besmeles
nacvlad daiwera `bismiq allahum.~
Semdeg suheili imis winaaRmdegac gamovida, rom xelSekrulebaSi wminda muhammedi `allahis Suamavlad~ moixseniebdnen.
`Tuki imas daveTanxmebi, rom Sen allahis Suamavali xar,
gana SenTan viomebdi, an qaabas monaxulebaSi xels SegiSlidi?~
samSvidobo molaparakebis pirobebiT isedac Seviwroebuli Suamavlis Tanamimdevrebi amaze ufro aReldnen, keTilSobil alim kalami Zirs daagdo da Tqva:
`allahs vficav, rom Cems mier daweril `allahis Suamavals~ ar wavSli, ~
n
366 18. sura enfali, aiaTi 61.
hudeibies SeTanxmeba
o
wminda Suamavalma suheiles uTxra:
`Tqven rac unda uaryoT, me allahis Suamavali var~ da
moiTxova, alis mier dawerili winadadeba eCvenebinaT. is
Tavisi xeliT gadaSala da mis nacvlad muhammed ibn abdulahi daawerina.
allahis Suamavalma xelSekrulebas im dRes moawera xeli.
misi zogierTi muxli Semdegia:
1. xelSekrulebis vada aTi welia.
2. muslimanebi qaabas am wels ver moinaxuleben. es erTi
wlis Semdeg moxdeba. momaval wels qaabas mosanaxuleblad
mosulebi qalaqSi sam dRes darCebian. im drois ganmavlobaSi kerpTayvanismcemlebi meqas datoveben, muslimanebs ar
daukavSirdebian.
3. vercerTi yuraiSi Tundac muslimani ıiyos medinas Tavs
ver Seafarebs. is ukan unda iqnes gadacemuli, magram piriqiT Tu moxdeba da vinme medinadan meqaSi gadmova TavSesafareblad, is ukan ar iqneba gadacemuli.
4. sxva arabi tomebi imoqmedeben TavianTi survilis mixedviT, undaT muslimanebis yuraiSebis mxares daikaveben.
xelSekrulebis muxlebis Camoyalibebis Semdeg, yu-raiSebis warmomadgenelis suheil ibn amris Svili, abu jendeli
fexze dadebuli borkilebis TreviT wminda SuamavalTan
mifofxda. is kerpTayvanismcemlebma imis gamo awames, rom
muslimani iyo. suheilma Tqva, rom rogorc ki xelSekruleba daideboda, pirveli, visac is Seexeboda, misi Svili
iqneboda. amis Semdeg abu jendels saxeze maTraxi gadahkra.
wminda Suamavalma misi ambavi danaRvlianebulma moismina da
suheiles Txova, SvilisTvis epatiebina, masze xelSekruleba
ar gavrcelebuliyo. magram gulqva kerpTayvanismcemeli ar
daeTanxma. abu jendeli Tavisianebs gadasces. is xmamaRla
yviroda da daxmarebas iTxovda. guldafleTili ambobda:
n
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j
`me isev imave tanjvis cecxlSi magdebT?~ muslimebma misi
mdgomareoba veRar aitanes da atirdnen. maSin allahis Suamavalma abu jendels uTxra:
`abu jendel! cota kidev moiTmine, gauZeli! udidesi allahisgan amisaTvis jildos elode! ueWvelia, rom is Sen
da Sens msgavsad gaWirvebaSi Cavardnil muslimanebs farTo
gzas gagixsniT. Cven am tomTan xelSekruleba davdeT, sityva miveciT, maTac sityva mogvces. Cven sityvas ver gavtexT.
micemuli sityva rom ar SevasruloT, ar dagvmSvendebao.~19
allahis Suamavalma suheils kidev erTxel Txova:
`ra iqneba, Sen is me, rom maCuqo?~ - magram suheili aranair
SeTavazebaze ar eTanxmeboda.
`maSin is, Cems gamo, mfarvelobaSi aiyvane!~ - kidev erTxel
Txova Suamavalma.
suheili arc amaze daeTanxma. misi am sijiutis Semxedvare
huveiTibma da miqrezma, romlebic aseve yuraiSebis warmomadgenlebi iyvnen, Tqves:
`muhammed, Seni xaTriT, jendels mfarvelobaSi Cven aviyvanT, ar vawvalebT!~20
allahis Suamavali ukan am miRweviT cotaTi damSvidebuli dabrunda.
keTilSobil omarma kerpTayvanismcemlebis aseTi TviTkmayofili qceva da sijiute veRar aitana, gulSi arsebuli
rwmeniT aRgznebulma Zlivs SeZlo damSvidebuliyo. abu baqris garda, Suamavlis sxva Tanamimdevrebis mdgomareobac
keTilSobil omaris mdgomareobisgan arafriT gansxvavdeboda. erTi SexedviT, es xelSekruleba damarcxebas hgavda,
magram wminda Suamavalma Tqva:
`me allahis Suamavali var, mas ar avujanydebi. Cemi damx-
n
19. ahmedi, IV, 325; ibn hiSami, III, 367.
368 20. vaqidi, II, 608, belazuri, 1, 220.
hudeibies SeTanxmeba
o
mare is ariso.~ es iyo imis miniSneba, rom is RmerTis nebasurviliT moqmedebda da ase imitom moiqca.21
*
*
*
xelSekrulebis dadebis Semdeg suheilma Svili waiyvana
da gaxarebuli meqaSi dabrunda. allahis Suamavalma Tavis
rCeul Tanamimdevrebs ubrZana:
`axla ukve yurbani dakaliT da Tavi gadaipar-seT!~
magram misi brZanebis Sesasruleblad adgilidan aravin
daZrula. isini amouxsnel, saidumlo burusSi gaxveulni,
damwuxrebulni isxdnen. Suamavalma brZaneba samjer gaimeora, adgilidan mainc aravin ganZreula. es amboxeba ki ar iyo,
aramed - qaabas monaxulebis dauokebeli wyurvilis gamo damwvar gulebSi imedis Cakvlis Sedegi. jer kidev erTi dRis
win TiToeuli imaTgani ambobda:
`allahis Suamavals gulSi ra survilic aqvs, imas veTanxmebi.~ yvela Suamavlis winaSe morCilad fics debda: axla
ki Tanamimdevrebis aseTi umoZraobis Semxedvare allahis
Suamavali Zalian damwuxrda. danaRvlianebuli colis, ummu
selemes, karavSi mivida. da mdgomareoba auxsna. man is Semdegnairad daamSvida:
`allahis Suamavalo! Tqven, uTqmelad yurbani dakaliT,
Tavi gadaiparseT! miuxedavad imisa, rom isini ase damwuxrebuli arian, uTuod mogbaZaven. maT apatieT!~
allahis Suamavali zustad ise moiqca, rogorc ummu
selemem urCia. misma Tanamimdevrebma is rom dainaxes, igive
gaakeTes. yurbani dakles da Tmebi gadaiparses.~22
amis Semdeg uzenaesma allahma maT qariSxali mouvlina
qarma Tmebi haerSi aafriala da haremis SigniT Seitana. es
21. buhari, meRazi, 35; muslimi, jihadi, 90-97.
22. buhari, muruTi 15, ahmedi, IV, 326, 331, vaqidi, II, 613.
n
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
umras, CaTvlis niSnad aRiqves da medinasken daiZrnen.23
muslimanebi, imis gamo, rom maT am xel-Sekrulebis sibrZne umal ver gaiTavises, ukmayofilod gamoiyurebodnen
amitomac isini didma SiSma moicva. daiwyes fiqri imazed,
rom maT Sesaxeb zeSTagoneba Camovidoda da isini ganadgurdebodnen. ai swored am dros sura `feTihi~ gardmoevlina,
sadac nabrZanebia:
`Cven mogapovebineT Sen aSkara gamarjveba imisaTvis, rom
allahma gapatios Sen codvebi warsulsa da momavalSi, daasrulos mowyaleba Tavisi Senze da migavlinos Sen WeSmaritebis gzaze. rom SeZlos man gamogigzavnos Tavisi Zlevamosili
daxmareba.~24
sura `feTihis~ gardmovlinebisas Suamavlis Tanamimdevrebma SiSi ganicades. mujemmi ibn jahie gadmogvcems:
`adamianebi SiSiT aqlemebis gverdiT mimoifantnen. erTmaneTs ekiTxebodnen:
`am xalxs ra mosdis?~
`allahis Suamavals zeSTagoneba moevlina! Cvenc SeSinebulni sxvebTan erTad, allahis SuamavalTan mivediT. rogorc ki Tanamimdevrni Seikribnen, wminda Suamavalma sura
`feTihi~ waikiTxa.25
keTilSobili omari ambobda:
`im dRes, allahis Suamavlis winaSe, iseTi SiSi vigrZeni,
rom sityvebiT ver gamovxatav. am SiSis dasaZlevad ganuwyvetliv vmarxulobdi, mowyalebas gavcemdi, nafile (nebayofilebiTi) namazs vloculobdi da Zalian bevr monas
vaTavisuflebdi.~26
n
370
23.
24.
25.
26.
ibn sadi, II, 104; halebi, II, 713.
sura feTihi, aiaTebi 1-3.
ibn sadi, II, 105.
ibn seidi, nasi, II, 167.
hudeibies SeTanxmeba
o
sura `feTihi~ acnobebda, rom hudeibiesTan erTad gamarjvebis karebi gaiReboda. sabolood didi xani ar gasula,
winaswar namaxaroblevi asrulda. im mxaris tomebma, allahis Suamavlis mier qaabas mosanaxuleblad ganxorcielebul
mgzavrobas `mgzavroba, romlidanac ukan ar brundebian~
uwodes, magram maT imedi gaucruvdaT. rogorc ki dainaxes,
rom allahis Suamavali ukan saR-salamaTi brundeboda da
mcire zianic ki ar hqonda miyenebuli, aRelvebuli masTan
mividnen da patieba sTxoves. udidesma allahma maTi es mdgomareoba aiaTSi ase gamoxata:
`ara, Tqven gegonaT rom Suamavali da maTlmorwmuneni arasdros daubrundebodnen TavianT ojaxebs; es azri siamovnebdaT Tqvens gulebs. Tqveni fiqrebi iyo danaSaulebrivi. Tqven
veragi xalxi xarT. Cven avagizgizeT cecxli urwmunoTaTvis,
vinc ar irwmuna allahisa da misi Suamavlis.~27
*
*
*
im dRes hudeibusze dadebuli xel-Sekruleba TiTqos
muslimanebis sawinaaRmdegod Canda, magram sura `feTihis~
gardmovlenam maT am saqmeSi arsebuli saocrebebi da sasixarulo ambebi amcno. SemdegSi naTe-li gaxda, rom, erTi
SexedviT, damarcxebad anu samwuxaro ambad aRqmuli es SemTxveva da ukan dabruneba, aSkara gamarjveba iyo, rogorc
aiaTSia nabrZanebi:
`Tqven dagevaldebulaT brZola da igi TiTqos TqvenTvis
usiamovnoa. iqneb, ggoniaT usiamovnoa TqvenTvis rame, Tumca
igi kargia, xolo giyvarT raime, magram igi avia TqvenTvis. allahma icis, Tqven ar iciT.~28
wminda Suamavalma es SemTxveva, romelsac dasawyisSi veraferi gaugo, mxolod ori wlis Semdeg amoxsna. sworedac am
xelSekrulebis Sedegad damyarebuli mSvidobis wyalobiT.
27. sura feTihi, aiaTebi 12-13.
28. sura bayara, aiaTi 216.
n
371
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
ori wlis ganmavlobaSi imdeni adamiani gamuslimanda, rom
maTma ricxvma manamde arsebul morwmuneTa saerTo raodenobas gadaaWarba.
marTalia, muslimanebma im wels umra ver Seasrules da
zogic mZime mdgomareobaSi Cavarda, bevri ramis moTmena
mouxdaT, magram amas Semdeg iseTi didi mogeba mohyva, rom
is, rac adre gadaxdaT, arafrad Casagdebi iyo. am xelSekrulebiT islami oficialurad iqna aRiarebuli. erTi wlis
Semdeg ki qaabas moinaxulebdnen. arabi tomebisgan imaT, visac survili eqnebodaT, SeeZloT muslimanebis mfarvelobis qveS Sesvla. es ki imas niSnavda, rom yuraiSebis Zala
sustdeboda da islamis qadageba Tavisuflad SeiZleboda.
allahis Suamavlis mier mSvidobis arCevis erT-erTi mizezi isic iyo, rom meqaSi cxovrobdnen gamuslimanebuli
adamianebi, romlebic amas ver amJRavnebdnen. xolo Tu omi
warmarTebTan atydeboda, maT ueWvelad sikvdili daemuqrebodaT.
Sedegad `wyalobis Suamavlad~ movlenili wminda muhammedi meqaSi da sxva arabul tomebSic islamis misaRebad momzadebul adamianebs,
Tavisi qceviT,
idumal miniSnebebs
ugzavnida da maT islamSi aerTianebda.
nafici gamarjveba: TandaTanobiT gazrdili WeSmaritebis
baraqa
n
372
warmarTebi romlebic hudeibies xel-Sekrulebis zedapirul mxares xedavdnen, gaxarebulni iyvnen. maT, Tavisdauneburad, morwmuneebs dabrkolebebi gzidan ise CamoaSores,
isini TavianT Tavze maRla ise daayenes, rom amas verc ki
mixvdnen. allahis Suamavlis garda, misi yvela Tanamimdevari Tvlida, rom es xelSekruleba maT interesebs ewinaaRmdegeboda da amis gamo ukmayofiloni iyvnen. amis Semxedvare
kerpTayvanismcemlebma, warmatebiT aRtacebulebma, xelSekrulebas xeli ise moaweres, rom mis pirobebs kargad arc ki
hudeibies SeTanxmeba
o
dakvirvebian. xelSekrulebis namdvili mniSvneloba mxolod
mas Semdeg gaxda aSkara, roca misi Sesruleba daiwyo.
allahis Suamavali, romelmac Tavidanve icoda am samSvidobo xelSekrulebis Sedegi, mas did pativs scemda. marTlac, zogierTi meqqeli qali, vinc medinaSi gadavida, kerpTayvanismcemlebs aRar gadasces. imitom, rom xelSekruleba
mxolod mamakacebs Seexeboda. udidesi RmerTic qalebis
warmarTebze gadaucemlobas brZanebda:
`morwmuneno! roca TqvenTan movlen marTlmor-wmune gamodevnili colebi, gamoscadeT isini. allahma kargad icis
maTi rwmena; Tu Tqvenc cnobT maT marTlmorwmuneebad, nuRar daubrunebT maT urwmunoT (qmrebs). aseTi kavSirebi ar aris
nebadarTuli allahis mier. magram mieciT maT (qmrebs) maT
mier daxarjuli (mihri). Tqven ar CageTvlebaT codvad SeirToT aseTi qali colad, misceT maT sakadrisi mihri. ar SeirToT urwmuno qalebi, magram Tqven SegiZliaT moTxovoT maT
is, rac mieciT maT pirobis mixedviT. es allahis dadgenilebaa
TqvenTvis. allahi yovlismcodne da brZenTa brZenia.~29
am periodSi erTma gamuslimanebulma meqqelma, saxelad
abu basirma, medinas Seafara Tavi. magram allahis Suamavali, xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad, iZulebuli iyo is kerpTayvanismcemlebisTvis gadaeca. abu basiri Tavdapirvelad Suamavlis am moqmedebas SeewinaaRmdega.
`gindaT isev kerpebs vsce Tayvani?~ _ Tqva da protesti
gamoxata. allahis Suamavalma is daamSvida:
`abu basir! Cven SeTanxmebas ver davarRvevT, cota moiTmine. allahi Sen da Sens msgavsebs xsnis gzas giCvenebT.~
am sityvebis Semdeg abu basiri Suamavals xmisamouReblad
daemorCila. is, saerTo interesebidan gamomdinare, kerpTayvanismcemlebs gadasces. man kargad icoda, rom ara meqaSi
aramed, sasikvdilod mihyavdaT da amitomac meTvalyureebs
29. sura mumTehine, aiaTi 10.
n
373
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
gzaSi SeewinaaRmdega. im orTagan huneisi mokla, meore ki
gaeqca. abu besirma huneisis tansacmeli, nivTebi da xmali
aiRo, allahis Suamavals miutana da uTxra:
`allahis Suamavalo! amaTgan erTi mexuTedi SenTvis
aiRe!~
wminda Suamavalma miugo:
`me amaTgan erT mexuTeds Tu aviReb, maTTan dadebul
xelSekrulebas davarRvev, Sens mier daWerili da mokluli
kacis nivTebi Sen daitove!~30
gadarCenili kerpTayvanismcemeli allahis SuamavalTan
mivida da beseris wayvana isev iTxova. amjerad abu besirma
Tavi ase daicva:
`allahis Suamavalo! Tqven amaT rom gadameciT, xelSekrulebas icavdiT, magram me Cemi Tavi TviTon vixseni.~
igi mixvda allahis Suamavlis saocar gamWriaxobas da ukan
gabrunda. zRvis sanapiroze, medinasa da meqas Soris cnobil
adgilze dasaxlda. cota xnis Semdeg iqauroba neitraluri
TavSesafris adgilad iqca. abu jendelmac Tavi iqaurobas
Seafara. iq TavSefarebuli muslimanebis ricxvma samass miaRwia. meqasa da Samis savaWro gzas safrTxe daemuqra. amis
gamo gamouval mdgomareobaSi Cavardnili meqqeli kerpTayvanismcemlebi iZulebulni gaxdnen, allahis SuamavlisTvis
xelSekrulebidan am sakiTxis amoReba eTxovaT. ese igi, vinc
muslimanobis gamo meqadan medinaSi gaiqceoda, maT ukan dabrunebas aRar moiTxovdnen. muslimanebis sawinaaRmdego es
muxli sul mokle droSi morwmuneebis sasikeTod Semobrunda.31
allahis Suamavalma abu basiris jamaaTs werili gaugzavna, am dros igi sikvdilis sarecelze iwva. werili waikiTxa
Tu ara, suli ganuteva. abu jen-delma is iqve daasaflava,
n
30. ix. vaqidi, II, 626-627.
374 31. ix. buhari, suruTi, 15, ibn-hiSami, III, 372.
hudeibies SeTanxmeba
o
sadac gardaicvala da mis sasaflaoze meCeTi aaSena. Semdeg
sxva muslimanebTan erTad medinaSi mivida da allahis SuamavalTan erTad bevr omSi miiRo monawileoba.32
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hudeibieSi miRweuli samSvidobo SeTanxmeba islamis qadagebis axali etapis sawyis wertilad iqca. mas udidesma
allahma `aSkara gamarjveba~33 uwoda.
roca allahis Suamavalma Tavis Tanamimdevrebs amcno
hudeibieSi didi gamarjveba movipoveTo, imaTgan erTma TavisTvis Tqva:
`qaabaze garsSemovlis neba ar mogvces, haremSi yurbnis
dakvlaSi xeli SegviSales, ori muslimani pirovneba, romelic CvenTan TavSesafareblad movida, Suamavalma ukan daabruna, es rogori gamarjvebaa?~
roca es sityvebi allahis Suamavlamde mivida, man es gamarjveba Semdegnairad axsna:
`diax, es samSvidobo SeTanxmeba udidesi gamarjvebaa.
kerpTayvanismcemlebis TanxmobiT, Tqven maT mxareSi ise
waxvalT da moxvalT, saqmeebs ise gaakeTebT, rom safrTxe ar dagemuqrebaT. isini ki am dros Tqvengan dainaxaven
da islams iswavlian, romelic dRemde ar moswondaT da ar
undodaT misi miReba. allahi Tqven warmatebas moganiWebT,
im adgilebidan saR-salamaTi da mogebiT dabrundebiT, es ki
yvelaze didi gamarjvebaa.~34
wminda abu baqrma ki hudeibieSi miRweul samSvidobo SeTanxmebaze Tavisi Sexeduleba ase gamoxata:
`islams imaze didi gamarjveba, rac hudeibieSi moipova,
sxvagan ar moupovebia, mokle TvalTaxedvis mqone xalxi
32. ix. vaqidi, II, 629.
33. ix. sura feTihi, aiaTi 1.
34. halebi, I, 715.
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am xelSekrulebas ewinaaRmdegebodnen. adamianebi im saqmeebze, romelic allahsa da Suamavals Soris garkveulia,
mouTmenelni arian. allahis Suamavali maTsaviT ver aCqardeba da imas, risi gakeTebac surs, ver gaakeTebs, sanam xelsayreli momenti ar dadgeba.~35
hudeibies molaparakebis pirveli dadebiTi Sedegi islamis swrafad gavrceleba iyo. mSvidobis periodSi ki islamis
qadagebas axali SesaZleblobebi mieca, misi gavrcelebisaTvis axali gzebi gamoCnda. am periodSi muslimanebma kerpTayvanismcemlebTan erTad siaruli, maTTan yuranis kiTxva da
islamze xmamaRla saubari daiwyes, vinc adre muslimanobas
malavda, axla ukve misi aRiareba uSiSrad SeeZlo.36
Tumca aqamde verc erTi mxare ase mSvidad ver cxovrobda da ver xvdeboda erTmaneTs. samSvidobo molaparakebis
Semdeg kerpTayvanismcemlebi medinaSi Tavisuflad midiodnen, meqqel muslimanebsac iq dasaxlebul ojaxebTan, megobrebTan da sxva
adamianebTan Sexvedrisa da saubris
saSualeba hqondaT. axla ukve usmendnen muslimanebis monaTxrobs wminda Suamavlis mdgomareobasa da moqmedebaze,
saswaulebze, moralsa da misi gzis silamazeze,
kerpTayvanismcemelTa mrisxaneba nawilobriv Serbilda da maT islamis pativiscemac ki daiwyes. beduini arabebic mxolod da
mxolod yuraiSebis gamuslimanebas elodebodnen. am periodSi kerpTayvanismcemeli amr liderebi ibn asi, halid ibn
velidi da osman ibn Talhac ki gamuslimandnen.37
muslimanebi sxvadasxva mxareSi usafrTxod dadiodnen da
adamianebs islamze mouTxrobdnen xolme. aseTnairad, maTi
ricxvi TandaTan izrdeboda.
imami zuhri, samSvidobo molaparakebis Sedegebs, hadisebis mixedviT gadmogvcems:
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35. vaqidi, I, 610, halebi, I, 721.
36. ix. ibn qaTibi, III, 303-310.
37. ix. vaqidi, II, 624.
hudeibies SeTanxmeba
o
`adre muslimanebi da kerpTayvanismcemlebi yvelgan, sadac ki Sexvdebodnen erTmaneTs, ebrZodnen. samSvidobo molaparakebis Semdeg brZolebi Sewyda. or mxares Soris ndoba
damyarda. maT erTmaneTTan Sexvedrisa da daaxloebis saSualeba miecaT. zogjer erTmaneTs exmarebodnen kidec. am periodSi vinc islamis Sesaxeb rames ismenda, muslimandeboda.
ase rom, meqaze gamarjvebamde ori wlis ganmavlobaSi gamuslimanebulTa ricxvi ufro meti iyo, vidre cxrametwliani
qadagebis Sedegad gamuslimanebulTa ricxvi.~
ibn hiSami gvamcnobs:
`roca allahis Suamavali, hudeibieSi midioda Tan oTxasi
kaci axlda, ori wlis Semdeg, meqaze gamarjvebis dros ki,
mas aTi aTasi kaci axlda. sxva gadmocemis mixedviT, maT
gzaSi kidev ori aTasi muslimani SeuerTdaT. armia Tormet
aTasamde gaizarda. es ricxvebi zuhres Sexedulebebis mizanSewonilobas naTlad gviCvenebs.~38
38. hisemi, VI, 170, ibn hiSami, III, 372.
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qadagebis werilebi
mmarTvelebisTvis islamis qadageba
wminda muhammed Suamavalma romelic mTeli kacob-riobisTvis iqna movlenili, hudeibies xelSekrulebis Semdeg
dedamiwis yvela mxareSi, sadamdec miRweva SeiZleboda, islamis qadageba daiwyo. RmerTis brZanebac xom aseTi iyo:
`uTxari (muhammed!): xalxno! ueWvelad, me var allahis Suamavali yovel TqvenganisTvis...~1
`Suamavalo! uqadage (yvela adamians), rac Sen Seni RmerTisgan gardmogevlina. da Tu ar izam (amas), maSin ver Seasruleb
Suamavlobis misias. allahi dagicavs Sen adamianTagan...~2
`Cven warggzavneT Sen xalxTan, raTa gemaxaroblebina
maTTvis da amasTanave damuqrebodi maT; allahis satanjveliT magram xalxis umetesma nawilma ar icis es.~3
allahis Suamavalma sxvadasxva mxareSi islamis qadagebis
Semcvleli werilebi gagzavna. am werilTagan yvelaze mniSvnelovani eqvsi Tu rva iyo. amaTgan TiToeuli Tavis rCeul
Tanamimdevrebs gaatana. roca Suamavalma sxvadasxva qveynis
mmarTvelebisTvis werilebis miwera ganizraxa, Tanamimdevrebma mas uTxres:
`allahis Suamavalo! isini am werilebs ise ar waikiTxaven,
beWedi YTu ar eqneba dasmuli!~ _ Suamavalma vercxlis beWedi daamzadebina. zed sam mwkrivad amoatvifrina sityvebi:
`allahis Suamavali muhammedi!~ da beWedi werilebze daasva.4
1.
2.
3.
4.
sura aarafi, aiaTi 158.
sura maide, aiaTi 67.
sura saba, aiaTi 28.
ix. buhari, ilimi, 7, muslimi, libasi, 57, 58, ibn sadi, I, 258.
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beWedze `allahis Suamavali muhammedi~ am TanamimdevrobiT iyo amotvifruli. allahisadmi didi pativiscemis niSnad Tanamimdevroba daculi iyo.
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misi TanamimdevarTagan diheTul-qelbma misi werili bizantiis imperators heraklius wauRo. roca werili masTan
mivida, is siriaSi imyofeboda, sparsebi daemarcxebina da
ukan brundeboda. werilma imperatori ki ar gaabraza, aramed daainteresa. is gansakuTrebiT qadagebis xasiaTiT dainteresda, amis gamo man Suamavlis TanamoqalaqeTagan vinmes
moyvana brZana, raTa misTvis am TemasTan dakavSirebiT kiTxvebi daesva.
bizantiaSi mimaval meqqeli vaWrebis qaravans, wminda Suamavlis dauZinebel mteri abu sufiani edga saTaveSi. herakliusis kacebi swored maT Sexvdnen da isini imperatorTan waiyvanes. is da misi xalxi `beiTul maqdisSi~ iyvnen.
imperatorma isini miiRo da Tarjimnis moyvana brZana. herakliusis brZanebiT Tarjimanma maT hkiTxa:
`im kacis, yvelaze axlo naTesavi, romelic ambobs Suamavali varo, yvelaze axlo naTesavi Tqvengan romelia?
abu sufianma Tqva:
`yvelaze axlobeli me var!~
`is da misi amxanagebi CemTan moiyvaneT! me mxolod mas gavesaubrebi, amxanagebi ubralod mis gverdiT iyvnen da roca
am adamians im kacis Sesaxeb raimes vkiTxav, Tuki tyuils
metyvis, Tqvan _ tyuiso!~
abu sufiani ambobda:
`RmerTmani, Cemi amxanagebi rom iq ar yofiliyvnen, ar Semrcxveboda da mis Sesaxeb tyuils vityodi.~
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herakliusma pirvelad aseTi kiTxva damisva:
qadagebis werilebi
o
_ misi modgma mravalricxovania?
_ diax, misi modgma mravalricxovania.
_ Tqvengan Suamavlobis pretenzia vinmes manamde gamouTqvams?
_ ara.
_ isini, vinc mas emorCilebian, didgvarovnebi arian Tu
dabali fenisa?
_ dabali fenisa.
_ mis mimdevarTa ricxvi izrdeba Tu mcirdeba?
_ izrdeba.
_ vinme Tua iseTi, vinc es rwmena miiRo, ar moewona da
isev uaryo?
_ ara, ar aris.
_ sanam am pretenzias wamoayenebda, is rodesme tyuilSi
dagidanaSaulebiaT?
_ ara! micemul sityvas yovelTvis asrulebda. axla Cven
masTan xelSekruleba gavaformeT. am drois ganmavlobaSi
ras gaakeTebs ar viciT. _ misi saZraxisi sityva sxva versad
veraferi Cavakvexe.
Semdeg heraklem mkiTxa:
_ mas rodesme eomeT?
_ diax.
_ brZolebi rogor sruldeboda?
_ xan is imarjvebda da xan Cven.
_ kargi, Tqven ras gibrZanebT?
_ Cven gveubneba, mxolod allahs emsaxureT, mas moziares
nuravis gauxdiT, uaryaviT kerpebi, rom-lebsac Tqveni wina-
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prebi scemdnen Tayvanso! namazis Sesrulebas, simarTlis,
patiosnebis, namusianobis dacvas da naTesavebis monaxulebas gvibrZanebs.
herakliusma Tarjimans miubrunda:
_ mas misi gvari vkiTxe da mipasuxa, rom misi modgma didgvarovania. Suamavlebic ase arian, cnobil, didgvarovanTa
modgmidan igzavnebian.
vkiTxe, Tqvens Soris manamde vinmes TuUgamouTqvams amgvari pretenzia-meTqi, arao, mipasuxa. manamde vinmes amis msgavsi pretenzia rom gamoeTqva, vityodi, mas baZavs-meTqi.
dedis an mamis xaziT vinme mefe Tu hyavda-meTqi, vkiTxe,
arao, miTxra. winaprebSi vinme mefe rom hyoloda, vityodi,
mamis samflobelos dabruneba unda-meTqi.
am pretenziis gamoTqmamde mas rodesme tyuili uTqvamsmeTqi, arao, miTxra. me vici, rom kaci, romelic adamianebis
winaSe ar ambobs tyuils, allahis Sesaxeb tyuils ar ityvis!
vinc mas emorCileba, mmarTveli klasidan aris Tu dabali
fenidan-meTqi, dabali fenidano, mipasuxa. dasawyisSi Suamavlebs swored aseTi adamianebi emorCilebian.
misi mimdevrebis ricxvi izrdeba TuUmcirdeba-meTqi, izrdebao! es Taviseburebac WeSmarit rwmenas axasiaTebs.
iseTi vinme Tu aris Tqvens Soris, vinc misi rwmena miiRo,
ar moewona da Semdeg uaryo-meTqi, vkiTxe, arao, mipasuxa.
ase xdeba, rwmena adamians gulSi Tu Causaxlda, iq fesvebs
idgams.
sityva rodesme gatexa-meTqi, arao, miTxra. Suamavlebi ase
arian, sityvas arasodes gadavlen. Semdeg abu sufians miubrunda:
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_ masTan odesme iomeT-meTqi, gkiTxe da mipasuxe, viomeT
qadagebis werilebi
o
da xan is imarjvebda, xan Cveno. Suamavlebic ase arian, magram
maTi damarcxeba droebiTia, sabolood gamarjveba maTia.
Tqven ras gibrZanebs-meTqi, gkiTxe, mxolod allahze samsaxurs, mis moziared aravis cnobas, kerpebis uaryofas, namazis Sesrulebas, samarTlianobas patiosnebas da namusis
Senaxvas gvibrZanebso, miTxari.
Tuki es yvelaferi marTalia, maSin is kaci male am adgilebis, sadac axla me vdgavar, mmarTveli gaxdeba. me am Suamavlis movlenis Sesaxeb vicodi, magram azrze ar viyavi Tu
erT-erTi Tqvengani iqneboda. rom vicode, masTan mivaRwev,
yovelgvar siZneles SeveWidebodi, raTa mis gverdiT vyofiliyavi da misTvis fexebi damebana.
amis Semdeg herakleiusma dihies saSualebiT, busris emirTan gagzavnili, misTvis gankuTvnili wminda Suamavlis werili moiTxova. dihiem werili herakliuss gadasca. werilSi
ewera:
`allahis mona-msaxuris da Suamavlis muhammedisagan, romaelebis mmarTvel herakleiuss!
salami maT, vinc WeSmaritebis gzaze dgas! me Sen islams
giqadageb. islami miiRe, sikeTes moipoveb da allahic Sen
ormagad dagajildoebs! Tuki Tanaxma ar iqnebi, maqauri
mkvidrebis codva Sens kiserze iqneba.~
`(muhammed) uTxari. RvTiuri wignis mimdevarno! modiT
(davdgeT) erT(nair) sityvaze, CvenTvisac da TqvenTvisac! Tayvani vceT mxolod allahs, ar davuwesoYT mas moziare, ar gavixadoT erTi-meore RmerTebad. da Tu (isini) mainc zurgs Seiqceven, maSin uTxariT: mowme iyaviT, Cven muslimanebi varT.~5
abu sufiani ambobda:
`herakliusma rac saTqmeli hqonda, gviTxra, werili waikiTxa. Semdeg fexze adga da siaruli daiwyo, xma aimaRla.
5. sura ali imrani, aiaTi 64.
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Cven gareT gamogviyvanes, amxanagebs vuTxari:
`muhammedis saqme sakmaod gaseriozulda, erTi naxeT
herakliuss (beni asfar meliqs)ac misi eSinia~ meTqi!ai, am
droidan moyolebuli arasdros damikargavs rwmena imisa,
rom mis gverdiT warmatebas mivaRwevdi. bolos allahma islamis miRebis bednierebac marguna.
herakliusma sazogadoebis winamZRolebi TavisTan miiwvia,
Tavis erT-erT sasaxleSi Sekriba da maT ase mimarTa:
`romaelebo! maradiuli xsnasa da am sasulTnos uryeobaze ras ityviT?~ (islamis miReba SesTavaza). amazed yvela iq
myofi wamoxta da karisken gaiqca, TiTqos veluri virebi
iyvnen da raRacam daafrTxoo, magram kari Carazuli daxvdaT. herakleiusma, rogorc ki mixvda, rom mis garSemo myofi saxelmwifos gavleniani pirebi mas ar daeTanxmebodnen,
islams ar miiRebdnen, Tavisi naTqvami sityvebi ukan waiRo
da maT uTxra:
`Tqveni gamocda mindoda. msurda menaxa, qristi-anobaSi
ramdenad uryevi da Seuvali iyaviT. Tqveni es mdgomareoba
momewona!~ am sityvebiT kmayofilma didgvarovnebma mis winaSe muxli moiyares.6
roca bizantiis imperatorma, herakliusma, masTan miRweuli islami Tavisi meTvalyureobis qveS aiyvana, WeSmaritebas Caswvda, magram qveynis interesebidan gamomdinare, es
xelsayreli SemTxveva ukuagdo da saxelmwifos maradiul
bednierebas ziani miayena.
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iranis qisrasadmi miwerili werili abdullah ibn hezafem
waiRo, magram qisra herakliusis msgavsad ar moqceula. rogorc ki dainaxa, rom wminda Suamavlis werili mis saxlamde
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6. buhari, bedul-vahi, 1, 5-6, ibn 37, SehaieTi 28; jihadi 102; muslimi,
jihadi 74, ahmedi, 1, 262.
qadagebis werilebi
o
mivida, gabrazda da werili nakuwebad aqcia. elCi mZime mdgomareobaSi Cavarda.
abdullahma qisrasa da mis xalxs mimarTa:
`sparselebo! Tqven sizmris msgavsi sicocxliT cxovrobT.
arc Suamavali gyavT, arc wminda wigni gaqvT da dedamiwis
mxolod erT mcire nawils ganagebT! Tumca dedamiwis is nawili, romelsac Tqven ar marTavT, ufro didia.
qisra! Senamde saaqaosa da saiqios msurveli bevri xelmwife mosula. imaTgan mas, visac saiqio surda, saaqaoc ergo,
xolo imaT, visac mxolod es qveyana surdaT, saiqio samudamod dahkarges. SenTvis SemoTavazebul am rwmenas amcireb,
magram, RmerTmani, sadac unda iyo, rogorc ki is mova, rac
Sen daamcire, SiSisgan sakuTar Tavsac ki ver daicav!~
qisram pasuxad uTxra, rom es samflobelo mas ekuTvnoda
da arc imis eSinoda, rom damarcxdeboda an vinme moziared
gauxdeboda.7 amis Semdeg msaxurebs abdullah ibn huzafes
gareT gayvana ubrZana.
abdullahi qisrasgan gamovida Tu ara, maSinve aqlemze
Sejda da medinas gzas daadga. TavisTvis ambobda:
`RmerTmani, me ori gzisgan (sikvdili da Tavisuf-leba) romelic unda mergos, ar vidardeb. allahis Suamavlis davaleba Sevasrule da werili daniSnulebis adgilze
mivitane.~8
arsebobs erTi ucnauri gadmocema, romelic abdullah
ibn huzafes RvTismosaobasa da gambedaobas asaxavs.
keTilSobilma omarma Tavisi xalifobis periodSi bizantiaSi, kaiseris mxridan, romaelebze gailaSqra. abdullah
ibn uzafec am laSqarSi monawileobda. romaelebma is tyved
Caigdes, mefesTan miiyvanes da uTxres, es kaci muhammedis
7. suheidi, VI, 589-590.
8. ahmedi, 1, 305; ibn sadi, 1, 260, IV, 189, ibn qesiri, el-bidae, IV, 263, hamidullah, el-fesaiq, gv. 140.
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TanamimdevarTaganiao.
mefem Zvirfasi abdullahi erT saxlSi daamwyvdevina.
misTvis ramdenime dRis ganmavlobaSi saWmel-sasmeli ar miuciaT. Semdeg ki mcire Rvino da Roris xorci miutanes.
sam dRes akvirdebodnen. abdullahs arc RvinisTvis da arc
Roris xorcisTvis xeli ar uxlia. mefes uTxres:
`mas kiseri kargad movugrixeT, iqidan Tu ar gamoviyvanT,
aucileblad mokvdebao!~
mefem is moayvanina da hkiTxa:
`aba miTxari! saWmelsa da sasmels pirs ratom ar akareb?~
abdullahma upasuxa:
`marTalia, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi maTi Wama da sma
CemTvis nebadarTulia, magram ar mindoda, Tqven Cemze da
islamze gagecinaT!~
mefem am Rirseuli qcevis sapasuxod hkiTxa:
`Sen rom Cemi samflobelos naxevari mogce, Cemi qonebisa
da sasulTnos partniorad gaRiaro, Cems qaliSvilze rom
dagaqorwino, qristianobas iwamebdi?~
abdullahma upasuxa;
`Sen me mTeli Seni samflobelo da mTeli arabeTis mxareebic rom momce, muhammedis rwmenidan imden xansac ki ver
gadamaxvevineb, Tvalis daxamxamebas rom sWirdeba~.
mefem uTxra:
`Tu asea, mogklav!~
wminda abdullahma upasuxa:
`eg Seni saqmea!~
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abdullahi jvarze gaakres, isrebi ise esroles, rom ar
daumiznebiaT. Semdeg isev gaqristianeba SesTavazes. es mad-
qadagebis werilebi
o
lmosili adamiani sul mciredidac ki ar Seyoymanebula da
araferi unania.
mefe daemuqra:
`an gaqristiandebi an arada qvabSi mogxarSav!~ isev rom
ar daeTanxma, spilenZis qvabi moatanina, Sig zeiTunis zeTi
Tu wyali Caasxes da aaduRes. mefem erTi muslimani tyve
moayvanina da gaqristianeba SesTavaza. tyvem es winadadeba
rogorc ki uaryo, misi qvabSi Cagdeba brZana. muslimani tyve
qvabSi Caagdes. xorci Zvals erT wamSi moscilda. abdullahi yovelive amas Tavisi TvaliT ucqerda!
mefem abdullahs kvlavac gaqristianeba SesTavaza. rom ar
daeTanxma, misi qvabSi Cagdeba brZana. roca qvabSi agdebdnen,
wminda abdullahi atirda. mefem ifiqra, rom azri Seicvalao da TavisTan miayvanina. kvlav gaqristianeba SesTavaza.
roca mtkice uari miiRo, gaocebulma hkiTxa:
`aba, ratom tirodi?~
Zvirfas abdullah ibn uzafem mSvenieri pasuxi gasca:
`ar ifiqro, imitom vtirodi, rom, aduRebul qvabSi Cadebisa SemeSinda! imitom vtirodi, rom allahis gzaze mxolod erTi sulis micema SemiZlia. CemTvis vTqvi: me mxolod
erT suls vatareb. axla am qvabSi Camagdeben, allahis gzaze movkvdebi da waval. rogor mindoda rom imdeni suli
mqonoda, ramdenic sxeulze Tma maqvs da amaTgan yvela allahis gzaze tanjviT gameca.~
Zvirfasi abdullahis rwmeniT miniWebuli da didgvarovnebis wyalobiT gamoxatuli es saocari qceva mefes Zalian
moewona da misi ganTavisufleba mounda. uTxra:
`Tavze makoce da gagaTavisufleb!~
abdullahma hkiTxa:
_ CemTan erTad danarCen musliman tyveebsac gaanTavisuf-
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j
leb?
_ diax, gavaTavisufleb!
_ maSin amas axlave gavakeTeb!
Zvirfasi abdullahi gadmogvcems: `CemTvis gavifiqre: Tan
sakuTari Tavis da Tan sxva muslimani tyveebis gasaTavisufleblad allahis mters Tavze rom vakoco, ra daSavdebameTqi?~
im dRes oTxmoci muslimani gaaTavisufles. keTilSobil
omarTan rom movidnen da mdgomareoba auxsnes, man Tqva:
`abdullah ibn huzafes Tavze kocna yvela muslimanis movaleobaa! amis Sesrulebas pirveli me viwyeb~ adga masTan
mivida da Tavze akoca.
ai, am madlmosil Tanamimdevars allahis Suamavlis werilis qisrasTan waRebis bedniereba xvda wilad. jalaTebis
winaSe, romlebic TavianTi mmarTvelis niSans elodebodnen,
didi gambedaoba gamoiCina da qisrasa da mis xalxs islami
uqadaga.
allahis Suamavalma, roca gaigo qisras utaqto qcevis Sesaxeb, romelic werilis daxeviT gamoixata, Tqva:
`Cemo allaho! Senc misi samflobelo amgvaradve nawilnawil daSale.~9
allahis Suamavlis es saswauli `oTxi didi xalifis~ periodSi ganxorcielda da qisras miwebi mTlianad muslimanebis xelSi gadavida.
qisram iemenis gubernators bazans werili gaugzavna da
wminda Suamavlis masTan miyvana sTxova. bazanis elCebi allahis SuamavalTan mividnen, mdgomareoba auxsnes da werili
gadasces. wminda Suamavalma, rogorc ki werili waikiTxa,
gaiRima, elCebs islami uqadaga. bazanis elCebma mas Txoves:
n
388 9. buhari, ilimi, 7; ibn esiri, usdul-gabe, III, 212.
qadagebis werilebi
o
`Tuki CvenTan erTad ar wamoxval, gubernator bazanis saxelze werili dawere! allahis Suamavals udidesi RmerTis
zeSTagoneba moevlina da uTxra:
`udidesma allahma, qisras Svils, Sireveihs, ubedureba
daatexa. Sireveihi man ama da am dRes, ama da am Rames, ama da
am saaTze mokla!~
elCebi gaocdnen:
`Cven Sengan mosmenili es sityvebi davweroT da gubernators vamcnoT?~
`diax! Cemgan mosmenili mas amcneT! Tanac uTxariT: Cemi
rwmena da mmarTveloba im adgilebamde miaRwevs, sadac
qisras samflobelo da sasulTnoa gaSenebuli, sadamdec
Tqvens cxenebsa da aqlemebs fexebi miuwvdebaT, mas agreTve
uTxariT: Tu gamuslimandeba, im adgilebs, romelsac marTavs, mas vutoveb! mas da mis Svilebs iemeneli sparsebis
mmarTvelebad gavxdi!~
bazanma, rogorc ki es gaigo, Tqva:
`RmerTmani, misi sityva xelmwifis sityva ar aris! vTvli, rom es kaci, rogorc TviTon ambobs, marTlac Suamavalia. davelodoT mis mier qisras Sesaxeb naTqvami sityvebis
Sedegs. Tuki es sityvebi marTali gamodgeba, is marTlac
allahis mier adamianebisTvis movlenili Suamavalia. Tuki
misi naTqvami simarTle ar gamodgeba, maSin mis Sesaxeb imas
vifiqrebT, rac saWiroa!~ elCebs miubrunda da hkiTxa:
`Tqven is rogori mogeCvenaT?~
`Cven masze ufro TavdaWerili, mis msgavsad uSiSari,
mcvelebis gareSe, adamianebs Soris fexiT mosiarule xelmwife ar gvinaxavs! misi Tanamimdevrebi mis gverdiT xmas ar
imaRleben, dabali xmiT laparakoben~ da yvelaferi uambes,
rac naxes.
rogorc ki moitanes werili, romelic Sireveihis sikvdils 389
n
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
Seexeboda da naxes, rom iq aRwerili dro zustad emTxveoda, bazanma allahis Suamavlis Sesa-xeb Tqva:
`es kaci namdvilad allahis mxridan adamianebisTvis movlenili Suamavaliao.~ amis Semdeg is gamuslimanda da iemenSi
mcxovrebi misi sparsi Svilebic gaamuslimana.10
*
*
*
allahis Suamavlis werilsa da elCs yvelaze kargad nejaSi Sexvda. werili, romelic nejaSs amr ibn umeimem wauRo,
islamis qadagebasTan erTad wminda mariamisa da wminda isas
Sesaxeb zogierT cnobasac Seicavda. nejaSi, romelsac islamis Sesaxeb adre eTiopiaSi hijriT gadasuli muslimanebisgan cota ram gaego, am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, Tavidanve
sworad iqceoda. am qadagebis werilma Tvalsawieri kidev
ufro gaufarTova. am dros mis gverdiT abu Talibis ufrosi Svili, abu jaferic imyofeboda. mis winaSe rwmenisaTvis
saWiro sityvebi warmoTqva da gamuslimanda. Semdeg allahis Suamavlis surviliT, iqauri muhajirebi or gemSi Casva
da gagzavna. amave dros wminda Suamavals gaugzavna werili,
sadac Tavisi gamuslimanebis Sesaxeb amcnobda. werili aseTi
Sinaarsis iyo:
`allahis Suamavals muhammeds nejaSisagan.
allahis Suamavalo! allahma, romelic erTaderTia da ar
arsebobs RmerTi mis garda, me WeSmariteba Semamecnebina.
allahis Suamavalo! CemTan moaRwia Tqvenma werilma, romelSic wminda isas (ieso) mdgomareobaa naxsenebi. vficav
RmerTs, romelic cisa da miwis gamgebelia, wminda isasac
sakuTar Tavze meti araferi uTqvams. misi qadagebac Tqveni nabrZanebis msgavsia. Tqven qadagis movaleoba itvirTeT
da Cvenc islamis safuZvlebi viswavleT. Tqvens biZaSvilTan (jafer TaiarasTan) erTad Cvens mxareSi hijriT mosul
Tqvens Tanamimdevrebs vumaspinZleT. mwams,
rom Sen xar
n
390 10. ibn sadi, I, 260, abu nuami, delaili, II, 349-350.
qadagebis werilebi
o
allahis Suamavali sityvis erTguli da uflebamosili.
allahis Suamavalo! Seni mokavSire Seni biZaSvilis saSualebiT gavxdi. mis winaSe qveynis erTaderT RmerTs allahs
davemorCile. Sen Cems Svils erhas gigzavni. me mxolod sakuTari Tavis mflobeli var, Tu gsurs rom SenTan movide,
axlave moval. mowme var, rom Seni naTqvami simarTlea. allahis Suamavalo, salams gadmogcem!~11
*
*
*
erT dRes allahis Suamavalma ikiTxa:
`adamianebo! jildos allahisgan molodiniT, am werils
iskender muqavqiss12 romeli wauRebT?~
haTib ibn ebi belTa fexze wamovarda, wminda SuamavalTan
mivida da uTxra:
`allahis Suamavalo, me wavuReb!~
allahis Suamavalma ganumarta, rom RmerTma es SenTvis
wminda movaleobad daawesao!
haTibma werili iskenderis mefes wauRo. werilSi Semdegi
sityvebi ewera:
`bismillahi rrahmani rrahim.
salami, allahis mona-msaxuri Suamavlisagan koptebis
mmarTvels, nmuqavqiss. salami mas,
vinc WeSmaritebas
Seicnobs da marTal gzas Caswvdeba.
Sen islams giqadageb. gamuslimandi, keTildReoba moipove,
allahi madlsa da jildos gagiormagebs. Tuki am mowvevas
11. ibn sadi, 1, 259, ibn qaimi, III, 689, hamidullah, el-vesaiq, gv. 100, 104-105.
12. bizantiis imperators _ keisari, romis _ kaiseri, sparsebis xelmwifes
_ qisra, eTiopiis xelmwifes _ nejaSi, egviptis mmarTvels _ faraoni,
iskenderunis xelmwifes _ muqavqisi, iemenis xelmwifes _ Tubba, hindis
mefes baTlimusi ewodeboda. eseni sayovelTaod mefeebis saxelwodebebia
da ara sakuTari saxelebi.
n
391
o
sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
uaryof, koftebis codva Sens kiserze iqneba.~
`(muhammed) uTxari: RvTiuri wignis mimdevarno! modiT
(davdgeT) erT sityvazed CvenTvisaca da TqvenTvisac! Tayvani
vceT mxolod allahs. ar gavuCinoT mas moziare, ar gavixadoT
erTi-meore RmerTebad da Tu (isini) mainc zurgs Seiqceven,
maSin uTxariT; mowme iyaviT, Cven muslimanebi varT.~13
muqavqisma, allahis Suamavlis werili rogorc ki waikiTxa, haTibi TavisTan ixmo, morwmune adamianebi Sekriba. am
ambis gagrZelebas haTibi ase gadmogvcems:
`muqavqisma miTxra, rom zog rames, rasac ver gavigeb, Sen
gkiTxav, Sen gagesubrebio.
_ brZaneT, visaubroT-meTqi, _ vuTxari.
muqavqisma mkiTxa:
_ Seni batoni Suamavalia ara?
_ diax, is allahis Suamavalia.
_ Tu is marTlac aseTi Suamavalia, im tomis, romelmac
is sakuTar samSoblodan gandevna da aiZula, Tavi sxva adgilisTvis Seefarebina, sawinaaRmdegod allahs ratom ar
Seevedrao? _ rom mkiTxa, vupasuxe:
_ Sen xom gwams, rom isa ibn mariami allahis Suamavalia!
gana, mas ar SeeZlo allahs Sevedreboda misi modgmis ganadgureba? modgmis, romelsac misi daWera da jvarze gakvra
undoda da es ver gaakeTes mxolod imitom, rom allahma is
cad aRamaRla meTqi.
muqavqisma veRaraferi miTxra. cota xans gaCumda da Semdeg miTxra:
_ Seni sityva gaimeore!
n
gavimeore. muqavqisma cota xans kvlav gaCerda da Semdeg
amoiRo xma:
392 13. sura ali-imrani, aiaTi 64.
qadagebis werilebi
o
_ lamazad laparakob. Sen brZeni adamiani Canxar, yvelafers Tavis adgilze ambob da brZeni adamianisganac modixar.
Semdeg muqavqiss vuTxar:
_ Senamde aq erTma kacma sakuTar Tavi yvelaze maRal
RmerTad gamoacxada. udidesma allahma is (faraoni) saaqao
da saiqio tanjviT dasaja. Senc warsulisagan magaliTi aiRe,
rom momavali Taobebis magaliTad ar iqce.
muqavqisma miTxra:
_ Cven gvaqvs rwmena da sanam imaze ukeTess ar vnaxavT, mas
ar mivatovebT!
_ ueWvelia, rom islami im rwmenaze, romelsac Sen aRiareb,
ufro maRla dgas! Cven Sen giqadagebT islams, romelic
TviT udidesma allahma aurCia adamianebs. muhammed Suamavali islams ara marto Sen aramed, mTel kacobriobas uqadagebs. imaTgan, vinc mas yvelaze uxeSad da uxamsad moeqcnen,
yuraiSebi iyvnen, yvelaze mtrulad - ebraelebi, xolo yvelaze meti axlobloba mas qristianebma aCvenes. ise rogorc
wminda musam gvaxara wminda isas mobrZaneba, aseve gvaxara
wminda isam muhammedis mobrZaneba. Cvens mier yuranis qadageba igivea, rac Toras (TevraTis) amRiareblebisTvis saxarebis (injilis) qadageba. yvela adamiani unda gaxdes im
Suamavlis mimdevari, romelic mis droSi moevlineba, Sen ki
im adamianebis ricxvs ganekuTvnebi, vinc wminda muhammedis
dros gaCnda. amis gamo, roca Sen islams giqadagebT, isas
rjuls ar gaSorebT, piriqiT, misi Suamavlobis misiis Seasferis moqmedebas gTavazobT.
muqavqisma Tqva:
_ me am Suamavlis rwmena ganvixile, davinaxe, rom aq arc
amqveyniurobaze mocilebaa nabrZanebi, arc CemTvis sasiamovno da mosawoni raRaceebia akrZaluli. is arc jadoqaria
da arc matyuara, piriqiT, is ambavs uxilavad igebs, rac 393
n
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
Suamavlobis niSania. miuxedavad amisa, cota mainc minda vifiqro.
Semdeg wminda Suamavlis werilze ase upasuxa:
`bismillahi rrahmani rrahim.
muhammed ibn abdullahs muqavqisisagan.
mogesalmebi! Seni werili wavikiTxe. gavige is, rasac qadageb. vicodi, rom Suamavali unda movleniliyo, magram vTvlidi, rom is Samidan iqneboda. Sens elCs vumaspinZle. Sen
koptebis warCinebul or mxevalsa da tansacmels gigzavni.
kidev erT jors gaZlev saCuqrad da salams gadmogcem!~
muqavqiss amis meti arc araferi gaukeTebia da arc gamuslimanebula. mec gamafrTxila: `frTxilad, koptebma Seni
piridan arc erTi sityva ar gaigonono!~14
rogorc Cans, muqavqisi allahis Suamavlis qadagebas kargad Sexvda. man icoda, rom bolo Suamavali moevlineboda
am qveyanas, magram Tvlida, rom is Samidan iqneboda. es azri
gaxda misTvis WeSmaritebaSi Cauwvdomlobis mizezi da ar
irwmuna. haTibs, romelmac werili miutana, mxolod da mxolod saCuqrebi, erTi jori da ori mxevali _ wminda marie da
misi da _ sirine gaayola.
haTibma gzaSi am or das islamze mouTxro da gamuslimaneba urCia. maTac irwmunes.15 amgvarad, jer kidev medinaSi
misvlamde WeSmariteba Seimecnes.
haTibma allahis Suamavals muqavqisis sityvebi rom gadasca, man brZana:
`Seuferebeli kaci, Tavisi sasulTnos ver Seelia! es sasulTno mas ar darCeba!~16
allahis Suamavalma mona sirine hasan ibn sabiTs miaTxova,
n
394
14. ibn qesiri, el-bidae, IV, 266-267, ibn hajeri, el-isabe, II, 530-531.
15.ibn sadi, VIII, 212.
16. ibn sadi, 1, 260-261, diarbeqiri, II, 38.
qadagebis werilebi
o
Zvirfasi marie ki TviTon iTxova, ibrahimi misgan SeeZina.
wminda Suamavlis am qorwinebasac ram-denime politikuri
sargebeli hqonda. am mdgomareobam egviptelebze zegavlena moaxdina. momdevno wlebSi gamarTul bizantiasTan omSi
egviptelebma bizantielebi marto datoves da amiT islamur
laSqars gamarjvebis saSualeba misces.
allahis Suamavali naTesavebs kargad eqceoda, amiT Tavis
Tanamimdevrebs saukeTeso magaliTs aCvenebda da ase brZanebda:
`Tqven gaimarjvebT egvipteze, sadac iyenebdnen wo-nis
sazoms, romelsac `qiraTi~ ewodeba. girCevT, rom iqaur
xalxs kargad moeqceT; Cemi anderZi ar daiviwyoT vinaidan
Cven erTi warmomavlobis varT, amasTan erTad moyvroba
gvaqvs.~17
rogorc cnobilia, wminda muhammed Suamavali wminda ismailis warmomavlobis iyo. imis gamo, rom ismailis deda
hajeri egvipteli iyo wminda Suamavali egviptelebs Tavis
naTesavebad Tvlida. moyvroba ki muslimTa dedis, Zvirfas
mariesgan modis.18
*
*
*
surie gassani, romelic arabebis meTauri iyo, Suja bin
vehbis mier motanili wminda Suamavlis werils utifrad moeqca. muslimanebze gasalaSqrad bizantiis imperators nebarTva sTxova, magram uari miiRo.19
iemame meliq hevzamac, romelsac Suamavlis werili ibn umeirem wauRo, islamis miRebaze uari Tqva. cota xnis Semdeg
igi gardaicvala.20
17.
18.
19.
20.
muslimi, fedailus sahabe, 226-227.
ibn hiSami, 4.
ibn sadi, I, 24.
ibn sadi, I, 262.
n
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
*
*
j
*
allahis Suamavali, roca elCebs werilebs atanda, mniSvnelovan rCevebsac aZlevda. magaliTad, himirSi wamsvleli
iaSa ase daariga:
`roca iq mixval, Tu Rame iqneba ar Sexvide, gaTenebas
daelode, Semdeg abdesi aiRe, ori muxli namazi iloce, udides allahs warmateba da sikeTe Seevedre, Semdeg lamazad
moemzade, Cemi werili marjvena xelSi aiRe da marjvena xeliTve maT marjvena xelSi gadaeci. Tuki ase moiqcevi isini
Sen dageTanxmebiano.~
`ise moviqeci, rogorc allahis Suamavalma mibrZana,~ _
gadmogvcems iaSa, isini `marTlac eziarnen islams. Semdeg
movlenebi ise viTardeboda rogorc allahis Suamavalma
gvamcno.~21
es qadagebebi islamis pirveli nabijebi iyo imisaTvis, rom
yvela mxare medinas SeerTeboda. amasTan erTad, islami, romelic arabeTis naxevarkunZulze aRorZinda, dRiTidRe yovel kuTxeSi vrceldeboda. warmatebebi TviT allahis Suamavalis TaosnobiT xorcieldeboda...
n
396 21. ibn sadi, I, 282-283.
qadagebis werilebi
o
n
397
heiberis omi
medinaSi, garegnulad muslimi xolo sulierad munafiyi
(orpiri-fariseveli) ebraelebi cxovrobdnen. maT Soris iyo
saxelganTqmuli jadoqari lebiid bin asami.
ebraelebma
mas oqro misces,xolo sanacvlod ukeTilSobilesi muhammedis mojadoeba daavales: „kargaT mogexseneba, muhammedma
Cveni tomebi medinadan gareka da mamakacebi amogvixoca. igi
moajadove da masze Surio aseTnairad viZioT.~ lebiidma es
SeTavazeba miiRo da Suamavlis Tmebi da savarcxlis kbilebi
moagrova. amaSi mas SuamavalTan momuSave ebraeli bavSvi
daexmara.
lebedim, sayvareli Suamavlis dalocvil Tmebsa da savarcxlis kbilebs Zafi Semoaxvia, erTi kvanZi gaakeTa da
Seuloca. WaSi qvis qveS amodo da datova. amis Semdeg, Suamavals janmrTeloba moeSala. loginad Cavarda da ramdenime dRe fexze veRar wamodga. Zvirfasi sahabeebi (Suamavalis
megobreni) yoveldRe Suamavalis mosanaxuleblad midiodnen da roca xedavdnen, rom Suamavali dRiTi dRe ukan-ukan
midioda mwuxarebisgan imdens tirodnen rom cremli gauSraT. munafiyni ki, sixarulisgan zeimobdnen.
erT dRes Suamavalma wmida aiSes uTxra: „aiSe, ici Tu ara,
rom uzenaesma allahma Cemi daavadebis gankurvnis gza maswavla? CemTan ori angelozi (jebraili da miqaili) movida, erTi
TavTan, meore ki fexebTan damijda. erTma meores hkiTxa:; `am
kacs ra sWirso?~ meorem upasuxa, mojadoebulia-o, rodesac
pirveli dainteresda, vin moajadovao, meorem upasuxa, lebiid bin asmao. „da es jado riTi gaukeTa?“ _ isev ikiTxa pirvelma. meorem upasuxa: „savarcxeli da Tmebi moaTavsa mamri
hurmis kvirtSi.“ bolo SekiTxvaze jado sad ariso, meore
angelozma upasuxa WaSio.
n
398
zervanis Wa medinaSi, beni zureiqas tomis baRSi iyo. say-
heiberis brZola
o
varelma Suamavalma WasTan ali, zubeiri, Talha da ommari
gaagzavna. Widan wyali mTlianad amoaqcies da qva gadaatriales. qvis qveS TerTmetjer gamokvanZili naWeri ipoves. aiRes da SuamavalTan miitanes. magram misi gaxsna ver
moaxerxes. jebrailma am dros felaayisa da naasis sureebi
moavlina. Suamavalma sureebis kiTxva daiwyo da TiTo aiaTis CakiTxvis Semdeg erTi kvanZi ixsneboda. rodesac orive
sura e.i. TerTmeti aieTi CaikiTxa TerTmetive kvanZi gaixsna, Suamavali ganTavisuflda da gamojanmrTelda.
ebraeli lebiidi daakaves da SuamavalTan
miiyvanes.
Suamavalma mas hkiTxaa; „uzenaesma allahma, jado Seni gakeTebuli rom iyo da sadac iyo macnoba. es ratom Caidine?“
oqros(fulis) sanacvlodo, upasuxa man. ashabTagan zogierTma Tqva: „allahis Suamavalo, neba gviboZe Tavi wavacaloT.~ Suamavalma miugo: `pirovnulis gamo aravin dasajoT!
misTvis RvTiuri tanjva ufro mZvinvarea~ da neba ar misca
rom es ebraeli sikvdliT daesajaT.
rodesac ebraelebi medinadan gandevnes, isini arabeTis
CrdiloeTiT dasaxldnen. aqedan erTma nawilma heiberSi daido bina, erTi nawili ki, CrdiloeTiT, SamSi wavida.
isini, marTalia, medinadan wavidnen, magram muslimTa mimarT SurisZieba, zizRi da boroteba maT gulebSi arasdros
Camqrala. ufro metic, yoveldRe matulobda. maTi mizani
SuamavalisTvis bolos moReba da am axlad gabrwyinebuli,
ori samyaros manaTobeli sinaTlis Caqroba iyo. zogierTma
winamZRolma winadadeba daayena, rom muslimTa winaaRmdeg
gaTafeebze eTxovaT daxmareba. zogi ki fedeqis, Teimasa da
vadil yuras ebraelebis daxmarebis momxre iyo. sanam muslimebi Tavs dagvesxmian, manamde Cven SevutioT da aqamde
CvenSi dagrovili Suri amovanTxioTo!
heiberis ebraelebma es SeTavazeba gaiziares da irgvliv
myofi ebraelebi da gaTafeebi moixmes. mxolod gaTafebodan uamravi rCeuli meomari Camovida da heiberSi omisaTvis
n
399
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
samzadisi daiwyo.
rodesac, omisaTvis samzadisi grZeldeboda, Suamavalma
miiRo informacia, ebraelebis mxridan moulodneli Tavdasxmis Taobaze. man dasazverad abdullah bin revahaa sam
sahabesTan erTad heiberSi gaagzavna. roca isini heiberSi
Cavidnen, maT iq mdidari qalaqi, rva mtkice cixesimagriT,
noyieri miwiTa da baRCa-baRnariT daxvdaT. abdullahma,
megobrebidan erT-erTi Siqqis, meore qeTibesa da mesame haTaTis cixesimagreebSi gaagzavna. TviTonac erT-erT cixesimagreSi wavida da aseTnairad sami dRis manZilze ebraelebSi
arsebuli mdgomareobasa da omis samzadiss axlodan adevnebdnen Tvalyurs. sami dRis Semdeg daTqmul adgilas Seikribnen da umalve medinasken gaeSurnen, iq arsebuli viTareba Suamavals dawvrilebiT uambes.
sayvarelma Suamavalma ashabebs saCqarod momzadeba
ubrZana. muslimebma ebraelebis Tavdasxmamde heiberSi wasvla da maTze Seteva gadawyvites. am gadawyvetilebis Semtyobma, medinaSi mcxovrebma ebraelebma aliaqoTi atexes. maT
muslimTa sulierad ganadgureba gadawyvites da heiberis
cixesimagreebisa da meomrebis daxasiaTeba daiwyes, muslimebs eubnebodnen: `Tqven rom icodeT, heiberiSi uamravi jariskacia Tavdasxmas ar gadawyvetdiT o!.. uamravi jariskaci
Camovida garSemo midamoebidan maT dasaxmareblad!... nuTu
ggoniaT rom Tqven heibers aiRebT?!~...gmirma sahabeebma miuges, rom uzenaesma allahi heiberis aRebas Tavis sayvarel
Suamavals Sehpirda, rom maT ebraelebis arasodes eSinodaT.
sahabeebis es konkretuli gadawyvetileba ebraelTa SiSsa da
aliaqoTs zrdida.
n
400
munafiyebis winamZRolma, abdullah bin ubeiem saswrafod
informacia gaugzavna ebraelebs, muhammedi modis saomrad,
did safrTxes ar warmoadgens, magram mainc frTxilad iyaviT, avla-dideba cixesimagreSi SeinaxeT, maT ki, cixesimagris gareT daxvdiTo.
heiberis brZola
o
sahabeebma samzadisi daasrules, ojaxebs gamoemSvidobnen
da SuamavalTan Seikribnen. orasi(200) cxenosani da aTasoTxasi(1400) qveiTi Seadgenda muslimTa jaris rigebs. sahabeni
uzenaesi allahis mier movlenili religiis gasavrceleblad, saRvTo omisa da Sehidis statusis mosapoveblad sayvareli Suamavalis brZanebas daeqvemdebarnen. am dros zogierTma muslimma dedakacebma meomarTa saWmel-sasmelis
mosamzadeblad da Wrilobebis Sesaxvevad Suamavlisgan omSi
wasasvlelad nebarTva iTxova. allahis sayvarelma elCma
maT es udidesi madli ar aRukveTa da omSi wasvlaze neba
darTo. aseTnairad muslimTa jaris rigebs, sayvareli Suamavlis meuRle, ummu selimesTan erTad 20 dedakaci Seemata.
allahis Suamavalma medinaSi Tavis warmomadgenlad, gifaaris tomidan sibaaRi datova da heiberSi wasavlelad
brZaneba gasca. (sxva versiiT warmomadgenlad numeila bin
abdullahis datovebac aris gadmocemuli). mgzavroba Teqbirebis warmoTqmiT (allahis gandidebiT-allahu eqber)-iT
daiwyo. sxvadasxva mizezis gamo muslimTa jaris rigebSi ar
iyvnen asakiT patara sahabeebi. maT keTili SuriT Suamavlis,
gmiri mamebis, babuebis, biZebisa da ufrosi Zmebis SurdaT.
isini omSi TeqbirebiTa da locvebiT gaamgzavres.
hijreTis meSvide weli idga. Suamavlis droSa alis hqonda
aRmarTuli. marjvena flangs omari sardlobda. mgzavroba
mxiarulad midioda. poetebi, maTze gardmovlenili madlis
gamo leqsebiT uzenaes allahs adidebdnen, Suamavals locavdnen da ashabebs aqebdnen. meomarnic TiTqosda dResaswaulze midiodnen, yvela erTxmad SeZaxilebiT;
„allahu eqber! allahu eqber! laa ilaahe illellahu
vellahu eqber!“ erTmaneTs amxnevebdnen. iq, sadac dasasveneblad Cerdebodnen, sayvareli Suamavali locvas aRavlenda; „RmerTo Cemo Sen mogekedlebi! momavlis SiSis, warsulis naRvelis, umweobisa da uZlurebis, siZunwis, simxdalisa
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
da welSi gamtexi valis, sastiki da usamarTlo mmarTvelis
uzurpaciisgan!“ rodesac heibers miuaxlovdnen, Suamavalma
sahabeni gaaCera, xeli maRla aRapyro da uzenaes allahs
Seevedra; „cisa da mis qveSeTSi arsebulis meufeo, RmerTo
Cemo! miwisa da masze myofnis meufeo, RmerTo Cemo! ,satanisa
da gzaacdenilnis RmerTo Cemo! qarisa da mis mier gafantulis meufeo, RmerTo Cemo! am qalaqis simSvidesa da sikeTes, gevedrebiT. am qalaqis da masSi arsebuli yvelasa da yvelafris
siavisgan Sen mogekedlebiT!“ yvela gaCerebaze sahabeebis
mier warmoTqmuli „amiin, amiin“ zecas wvdeboda. amis Semdeg ebrZanaTebrZana: „bismillahirrehmanirrehim-mowyale
da mwyalobeli allahis saxeliT SeutieT“.
sahabeebi SuamavlTan erTad win wavidnen da heiberis yvelaze Zlevamosili cixesimagris „naTaaT“-is gverdiT dabanakdnen. saRamo idga. Suamavals wesad hqonda, gaTenebamde
oms ar daiwyebda da mters islamis miRebisken mouxmobda,
xolo Tuki SeTavazebas ar miiRebdnen brZolas iwyebda.
amitomac gaTenebas daelodnen. ebraelebma ver SeamCnies,
rom maT gars islamis jari ertya.
allahis wminda Suamavalma dilis locvis aRvlenis Semdeg saomari samzadisi daasrula da winsvla daiwyo. orasi
cxenosani da aTasoTxasi qveiTi neTaaTis cixesimagres miuaxlovdnen. roca baRCa-baRnarsa da vel-mindorSi cixesimagridan samuSaod gamosulma ebraelebma muslimTa jaris
nawilebi dainaxes, gaocdnen. isini darwmundnen, rom es muhammedis jari iyo da ukan gaqceva daiwyes. panikaSi Cavardnili mtris damnaxvelma Suamavalma: „allahu eqber! allahu
eqber! haiberi, damxobili iqnao,“ samjer warmoTqva.
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allahis Suamavalma; ebraelebs ori winadadeba Sestavaza, an gamuslimeba, an Cabareba da jiziis gadaxda. winaaRmdeg SemtvevaSi ki maT omis gardauvloba auwya
ebraelebis winamZRols sellam bin meSqenes allahis Suamavalis es
ultimatumi acnobes. sellamem Tavis xalxs uTxra; „adrec
heiberis brZola
o
giTxariT, rom muhammedis winaaRmdeg gebrZolaT, magram
Tqven uari TqviT, axla mainc iomeT da laCrulad nu moiqceviT. muslimTa WidilSi sikvdili umweo sicocxleze ukeTesia!~ aseTnairad isini omisTvis fsiqologiurad Seamzada
da Seaguliana. ebraelebma dedakacebi da bavSvebi umalve
qeTibes, sarCo-sanovage naimes, xolo meomrebi naTaaTis cixesimagreebSiS gadasxes.
muslimTa SeTavazebas gamuslimebis Taobaze ebraelebma
mSvildisris sroliT upasuxes. es Seteva mujahidebma (meomarni allahis gzaze) farebiT moigeries. sayvareli Suamavlis brZanebiT qveiTma jaris nawilebma ukan daixies da
yvelam erTbaSad cixesimagris burjebze myof ebraelebs
„allahu eqber!“ SeZaxilebiT isrebi styorcnes.
omi ase
daiwyo. erT mxares allahis sayvareli elCi da sahabeebi,
uzenaesi allahis mier movlenili religiis gasavrceleblad
da jojoxeTis cecxlisgan gadasarCenad ibrZodnen,xolo
meore mxares ki, Segonebis arSemsmeni,, muslimTa mimarT yvela xelsayrel momentSi zurgSi danis Cartymis surviliT
gamsWvaluli da, sijiutidan gamomdinare, WeSmaritebis,
veraRmqmeli ebraelebi iyvnen. haaTem-ul enbia (bolo Suamavali) maTi tomidan rom ar moevlina, SeSurdaT da igi ar
iwames, sayvareli Suamavlis likvidacias didi xnis ganmavlobaSi cdilobdnen da amisaTvis yvela xerxs mimarTavdnen,
magram uzenaesma allahma maT amis ganxorcielebis Zala ar
misca
aTaseqvsas (1600) mujahids, aTiaTasze(10 000) meti ebraeli jariskaci isars styorcnida. muslimi meomrebi, zedized natyorcni isrebis mogeriebas farebiT cdilobdnen,
xelsayrel moments roca naxavdnen, miwaze dacemul isrebs
iRebdnen da ebraelebs esrodnen. am dros zogierTi sahabe
daiWra.
sayvarel Suamavals, habban bin munziri miuaxlovda da
zrdilobianad mimarTa: „Cemi Tavi genacvalos allahis
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
Suamavalo! banaki rom gamovcvaloT, ar SeiZleba?“ Suamavalma miugo; „allahis nebarTviT, roca daRamdeba gamovicvliT~ muslimi meomrebi isarTa qariSxalSi imyofebodnen.
ebraelebis mier cixesimagridan nasroli isrebi, muslimTa
jaris ukana nawilebsac ki swvdeboda.
im dRes, saRamomde isrebiT brZola gagrZelda. ormocdaaTamde (50) sahabe daiWra. rodesac daRamda, axali banakisTvis adgilis moZebna muhammed bin meslemes daevala. man
moZebna adgili, romelsac rejii erqva da muslimTa jari iq
dabanakda. muslimma qalebma daWrilebis Wrilobebis gadaxveva daiwyes.
meore dRes, naTaaTis win sahabeebma saRamomde iomes. alya
mesame, meoTxe da mexuTe dResac grZeldeboda. ebraelebi ki
Tavs icavdnen. am dros Suamavals Zlieri Tavis tkivilebi
hqonda, amitomac ori dRe morwmuneT gverdiT ar iyo. pirvel dRes alami ebu beqirs, meore dRes ki omars gadasca.
orivem TavdadebiT iomes ebraelTa winaaRmdeg, magram cixesimagris aReba mainc ver moxerxda.
uecrad ebraelebs gambedaoba moemataT, cixesimagris karebi gaxsnes da Setevaze gadavidnen. daiwyo xelCarTuli
brZola. omi gacxarda. Suamavalma sahabeebs ubrZana, rom
`Teqbiri~ (allahu eqber! allahu eqber!) warmoeTqvaT. morwmuneni zecaSi amaRlebuli Teqbiris ZaxiliT TavgamodebiT xmlebs iqnevdnen. am dros muhammed bin meslemes Zma
mahmudi Sehidi (gmiri) gaxda. sisxlismRvreli omi saRamomde
gagrZelda.
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meore dRes heiberis yvelaze saxelganTqmuli sardal,i
merhabi, jaWvis perangSi gamowyobili cixesimagridan gareT
gamovida. igi didi Zalis patroni, bumberazi kaci iyo.im
dRemde mas Rirseuli metoqe ar hyolia. igi muslimi meomrebis win dadga da kvexna daiwyo; „me, simamaciTa da gambedaobiT saxelganTqmuli merhabi var!“ am dros, muslimTa rigebidan erTi meomari gamovarda, merhabas mimarTa; „da mec,
heiberis brZola
o
amri var, romelsac mrisxane da saSineli omis SuacecxlSi
Sesvla ar eSinia.“ da maSinve mowinaaRmdegis win gaCnda.
bumberazma merhabim, xmali, romelzec ewera „me visac Sevexebi ganadgurdeba!...“ mTeli ZaliT amrs mouqnia. mamacma
amrim fari dauxvedra. wvetiani xmali, fars moxvda, saocari
xma gamosca da Sig SeerWo.
amrim, gamCens mimarTa, RmerTo Cemoo, da dajavSnul merhabs xmali mTeli ZaliT mouqnia. xmali foladis javSanma
aisxlita da ukan, amris fexSi moxvda. xmlis aseTma ukureaqciam amris mTavari arteria gadauWra.igi sahabeebma maSinve
xelSi aiyvanes da banakSi gadaiyvanes. magram amirs veraferi
uSveles da igi Sehidi gaxda.
gaafTrebuli Setakeba grZeldeboda. saRamos sayvarelma Suamavalma, ebraelebis dasaxmareblad misul oTxiaTas
gatafans ukan dabruneba SesTavaza. sanacvlod ki heiberis
hurmis erTi wlis mosavlis micemas Sepirda. gatafeebma es
SeTavazeba uaryves. aqedan gamomdinare, allahis Suamavalma sahabeebs im cixesigresTan dabanakeba ubrZana, romelSic
gatafeebi iyvnen, maTac RamiT muslimebis Tavdasxmis SiSiT
ver daiZines. im Rames, ucnobi xma romelic aravin icoda,
saidan modioda, ambobda; `gatafaebis miwa-wyals Tavs moTareSeebi daesxnen, ojaxebi da avla-dideba xelSi Caigdes.“ am
xmam, romelic samjer iqna ganmeorebuli, gatafeebi Zalian SeaSina. es xma maTma sardalma, uieinemac gaigona, Sebindebamde heibers jarTan erTad gaecala da Tavisi samflobelosaken gaemarTa. diliT, ebraelebi, rodesac heiberidan
gatafaebis umizezod wasvlis Sesaxeb gaiges, sasowarkveTilebaSi Cavardnen da inanes, rom maT daxmareba Txoves.
wminda alis gmiroba
im dResac sisxlismRvreli Setakebebi moxda, magram cixesimagris aReba ver moxerxda. saRamos sayvarelma Suamavlma
jars umaxarobla: „xval, droSa iseT mamakacs unda gadav-
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
ce, romelsac allahi da misi Suamavali uyvars. da uzenaes
allahs da mis Suamavalsac is uyvars. uzenaesi allahi misi
xeliT gamarjvebas mogvapovebinebs!“ is Rame sahabeebma emociebiT datvirTulebma gaaTenes. yvelas surda, rom droSa
misTvis gadaecaT da TviTonve yofiliyo is mamaci, romlis Sesaxebac sayvarelma Suamvalma umaxaroblaT. amitom
allahs evedrebodnen. bilaali habeSma dilis ezani moTenTili da sasiamovno xmiT warmoTqva. ezanis kiTxvis dros
sahabeeebSi gansxvavebulma emociam da Svebam daisadgura,
ai, am RvTiuri sixarulis gemos gadmocema ki SeuZlebelia.
sayvarelma Suamvalma namazi aloca, Semdeg fexze wamodga
da islamis droSis motana iTxova. wminda droSas sahabeebi
fexze wamomdgarni didi interesiT elodebodnen, allahis
wminda Suamavlis Suamvalis warmoTqmul sityvas yuradRebiT usmendnen. sayvarelma Suamvalma brZana: „muhammedis pirovnebis SuamavlobiT pativisdamdeb uzenaes allahs geficebi, rom me am droSas iseT mamacs gadavcem, romelmac gaqceva
da ukan daxeva ra aris, ar icis.“ am sityvis warmoTqmis Semdeg
sahabeebi gadaaTvaliera da ali moikiTxa. sahabeebma miuges;
„allahis Suamavalo! alis Tvalebi tkiva.“ amis gamgonma Suamavalma alis masTan moyvana brZana. am dReebSi alis imdenad
tkioda Tvalebi, rom ukve veRar axelda. alisTan mividnen,
allahis Suamavlis survili acnobes, mklavebSi Seujdnen da
SuamavalTan miiyvanes. ukeTilSobilesma muhammedi uzenaes
allahs mis gamojanmrTelebas Seevedra, dalocvili TiTebi
daisvela da Tvalebze mousva. wminda alis Tvalebi maSinve
gaumTelda. wminda Suamavalma alisTvis locvac aRavlina:
„RmerTo Cemo! sicivisa da sicxisagan Sewuxeba mas aacile!“
Semdeg Tavisi dalocvili xeliT javSani gadaacva, welze
xmali Semoartya, xelSi TeTri droSa mica da uTxra: „sanam
uzenaesi allahi gamarjvebas ar mogapovebinebs iome, ukan ar
daixio!“
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wmida alim miugo; „Cemi Tavi genacvalos allahis Suamavalo! maT manamde veomebi, sanam gamuslimdebian“. Suamavalma
heiberis brZola
o
Tqva:; „RmerTs geficebi, uzenaesma allahma, Sen gamo, maTgan
erTic rom WeSmaritebas aziaros, SenTvis es ufro ukeTesi iqneba, vidre Sen mier allahis gzaze mowyalebad gacemuli uamravi wiTeli aqlemi.~
ali xelSi droSiT sahabeebTan erTad ebraelebis cixesimagrisaken gaemarTa. roca adgilze mivida droSa erTi qvis
Ziras daarWo. am dros naTaaTis cixesimagris karebi gaiRo.
ebraeli moieriSe razmebi gareT gamocvivdnen. isini xom,
heiberis yvelaze rCeuli meomrebi iyvnen. yvelas javSanSi
iyo Camjdari. maTgan erTi alisken gaemarTa. es iyo merhabis
Zma haarisi, romelic wminda alis Seerkina... ori foladis
xma mTel moedans swvdeboda, am dros dainaxes elviseburad moqneuli zulfiyari, romelmac haarisis Tavi sxeuls
mokveTa. muslimi meomerebis sixarulis SeZaxilebi „allahu
eqber! allahu eqber!“ zecas swvdeboda.
rodesac Zmis mokvla gaigo, merhabi mTeli ZalebiT im
moednisken daiZra, sadac ali iyo. igi, ormag javSanSi gamowyobili, devs mogvagonebda. brazmoreulma merhabi ikvexnida; „me, omebis yvelaze kulminaciur momentSi moedanze
gamomsvleli, vaJkacurad da mamacurad meomari merhabi
var! moRriale lomsac SubiTa an xmaliT davfleT!~
alim upasuxa; „me ki, dedam haidar (lomi) damarqva. me axovani lomis msgavsi var! Seni erTi dartymiT damgdebi mamaci
kaci var!“ rodesac merhabma wminda alisgan sityva haidari
gaigona gulSi SiSi Cauvarda, radganac RamiT sizmarSi naxa,
rom mas lomi glijavda. netav, sizmarSi nanaxi lomi es xom
ar ariso, ekiTxeboda igi sakuTar Tavs. moulodnelad bumberazi merhabi erTi naxtomiT alis win gaCnda da mas xmali
mouqnia, alim mis xmals fari Seageba. uzenaes allahs miendo da zulfiyari urwmuno merhabs ise mouqnia, rom sqeli foladisgan damzadebuli muzaradi orad gaupo da Tavi
sxeuls moacila. zulfiyaris dartymiT gamowveulma saSinelma xmam mTeli heiberi SeZra.
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
allahis Suamavalma brZana; „ixareT! heiberis aReba ukve
gaadvilda“. sahabeebi alis gmirobiT moxiblulni darCnen,
maTi SeZaxilebi, „allahu eqber“ zecas wvdeboda. brZolis
cieb-cxeleba grZeldeboda. rodesac sahabeebi neli winsvliT cixesimagris karebTan mividnen erTma, ebraelma alis
fars xmali Semoartya. ris gamoc muslimTa medroSes fari
miwaze dauvarda. daxra da faris aReba SeuZlebeli iyo.
ebraels am xelsyreli momentis xelidan gaSveba ar surda
amitom ukan gaiqca. amis damnaxavi allahis lomma Zalian
damwuxrda, zulfiyariT garSemoxveuli mtrebi gafanta da
cixesimagris karis farad gamoyeneba ganizraxa. warmoTqva
ra „bismillahirrehmanirrehim,“ igi uzarmazari rkinis karis rgolebs daekida. kavebi moaryia da CamoiRo. rodesac
wminda ali kars xsnida, sixesimagre adgilidan Seirxa. rvaaT falavans ar SeeZlo am karis adgilidan daZvra magram
wminda alim is martom CamoiRo, farad gamoiyena da mters
Seerkina.
mas zedized eqvsi ebraeli falavani kidev Seerkina, magram,
roca allahis nebiT yvelas bolo mouRo, mamac megobrebTan erTad cixesimagreSi SeaRwia. brZola ukve cixesimagris
SigniT mimdinareobda. sul cota xanSi maT winaaRmdeg mebrZoli aRaravin darCa. islamis droSa cixesimagreze aRmarTes.
sayvarelma Suamavalma, alis Tvalebi daukocna da Semdegnairad mimarTa; „Tavgamodebuli mamacobis gamo, uzenaesi
allahi da misi Suamavali Sengan kmayofili arian“. am dalocvili sityvis gamgonma alim sixarulisgan tirili daiwyo.
Suamavalma mas hkiTxa, Tu ratom tiroda. alim upasuxa: `Cemi
Tavi genavcvalos allahis Suamavalo! sixarulisgan vtiri,
vinaidan allahi da misi Suamavali Cemidan kmayofilni ariano.~ Suamavalma mas uTxra, rom misiT kmayofili jebraili,
miqaili da yvela angelozebic iyvnen.
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am dros devsis tomidan oTxasi muslimi meomari Suamava-
heiberis brZola
o
lis dasaxmareblad Camovida. amis Semdeg sxva cixesimagreebis asaRebadac mZvinvare brZolebi grZeldeboda. darCenili Svidi cixesimagrec TandaTan aiRes, ris gamoc heiberis
ebraelebi sasowarkveTilebaSi Cavardnen da muslimebTan
zavis dasadebad delegacia gaagzavnes. Suamavali (s.a.v.) zavis dadebas daTanxmda. mowinaaRmdege mxareebi Semdeg pirobebze SeTanxmdnen:
1. am omSi daRvrili ebraelebis sisxli ar unda iqnas aRebuli.
2. romeli ebraelic heibers datovebs, mas Tan mxolod
Tavisi col-Svilisa da erTi aqlemi tvirTis waReba SeeZleba.
3. adgilze ebraelebis yvelanairi qoneba muslimTa sakuTrebaSi gadavidoda.
4. im qonebis gadamalva, romelic muslimTa sakuTrebaSi
unda gadasuliyo, ar unda momxdariyo.
am pirobebs ar daemorCila qinane bin rebii, romelmac saganZuri miwaSi damarxa da amis gamo dasjili iqna. muslimTa
mier xelSi Cagdebuli nadavlis raodenobis gansazRvra
SeuZlebeli iyo. heiberis noyieri miwebi mTlianad muslimTa
jars gadaeca.
am dros TavianT samSobloSi wasuli gatafeebi, ebraelebis dasaxmareblad heiberSi dabrundnen da roca muslimTa gamarjvebaSi darwmundnen, allahis wminda Suamavals
mimarTw: „muhammed! Sen xom Segvpirdi, Tuki heibers davtovebdiT xurmis erTi wlis mosavals mogvcemdi? Cven sityva SevasruleT, Senc igive gaakeTe da danapirebi mogveci!“
allahis Suamavalma uTxra: „is gora Tqveni iyoso.“ gatafebma es SeTavazeba ar moewonaT da Suamavals daemuqrnen
oms dagiwyebTo. kacobriobis siamayem miugo, omi jenefaSi
gavmarToTo. jenefa, gatafaSi erT-erTi olqis saxeli iyo.
rodesac aseTi pasuxi miiRes, gatafelebs SeeSindaT da ukan
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
gabrundnen.
sayvareli Suamavali da gmiri sahabeebi Zalian daRlilni iyvnen, Tan daWrilebs mkurnalobdnen da Tan isvenebdnen. ebraelebis meTaurTagan, sellam bin miSqenis meuRle
zeinebma Suamavalis mowamlva ganizraxa. amisaTvis erTi Txa
dakla, moxarSa da xorcs didi doziT sawamlavi Seuria. Semdeg Suamavlis winaSe warsdga da ZRveni miarTva. Suamavlma
mirTmeuli saCuqari miiRo sahabeebs mouxmo da erTad Semousxden sufras.
allahis Suamavalma Txas beWis mxridan erTi nawili
moaglija; „bismillahirrahmanirrahim“ warmoTqva da pirTan miitana. daReWa da gareT gamoagdo. man Tqva „megobrebo, am saWmels piri ar daakaroT, vinaidan me mecnoba, rom es
xorci mowamlulia.~ sahabeebma Wamas maSinve Tavi gaanebes.
magram, biSr bin beras erTi lukma xorci ukve gadaylapuli
hqonda, amitom ucbad saxeze gamwvanda, suli dalia da Sehidi gaxda. sayvarel SuamavalTan jebraili Camovida, nerwyvSi Sereuli sawamlavis organizmidan gamosadevnad, beWebs
Sua hajamaTiT sisxlis aReba uTxra. Suamavali asec moiqca. Semdeg mowamluli xorci damarxes. am saqmis Camdeni
zeinebi daiWires da SuamavlTan miiyvanes. Suamavalma mas
hkiTxa; „es xorci Sen mowamle?“ qalma Cadenili danaSauli
aRiara: „diax! me movwamle!“ sayvarelma Suamavalma dainteresda: „amis gakeTeba ratom gsurda?“ „Sen qmari, mama da biZa
momikali. amis gakeTeba me gadavwyvite. vifiqre, Tuki is
allahis namdvili Suamavalia, maSin gaigebs rom es xorci
mowamlulia, xolo ar aris, maSin sawamlavi masze imoqmedebs, mokvdeba da misgan davisvenebT-meQTqi~ miugo ebraelma. sahabeebma Tqves: „Cveni Tavi genacvaloT allahis Suamavalo! es qali movklaT?~ piradi Seuracyofis yovelTvis
aradCamgdebma allahis Suamavalma am jeradac apatia. aseTi
qmedebis Semxedvare zeinebma Sehada islami aRiara.
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heiberSi tyvedayvanilTa Soris huiei bin ahTabis qaliS-
heiberis brZola
o
vili, safie iyo, romelic, rogorc mTavarsardals, allahis Suamavals xvda wilad. man tyve gaaTavisufla. misi am
qceviT moxiblulma safiem qelimei SehadeTi warmoTqva da
muslimTa rigebs SeuerTda. sayvarel Suamavals es ambavi Zalian gauxarda, wminda safieze daqorwinda da am pativiT igi
gaaxara da gaabedniera. ase gaxda safie yvela marTlmorwmunis deda. allahis Suamavalma qorwili gadaixada mowveul
stumrebs nesviTa da hxurmiT gaumapinZlda.
rodesac sayvarelma Suamavalma SeamCnia, rom safies erTi
Tvali Calurjebuli hqonda, hkiTxa, es risi kvaliao, safiem
upasuxa: `sizmarSi vnaxe, rom mTvare zecidan Camovida da
Cems kalTaSi CaeSva. rodesac es sizmari Cems qmars qenanes
vuambe, man miTxra: „Sen xemwifis coloba gangizraxiao,~ xeli
gamartya da Tvalic amitom maqvs Calurjebuli.~
heiberis aRebis Semdeg ebraelebma Suamavals SeTavazes:
„muhammed! Cven heibers gaveclebiT, magram meurneoba kargad
gagvegeba da Tu isurveb, es noyieri miwebi ijariT gadmogveci. am miwas davamuSavebT da mosavlis naxevari Seni iyos!“
sayvarel Suamavals da sahabeebs sameurneo saqmianobisaTvis ar ecalaT. isini uzenasii allahis mier gardmovlenili
bolo da ukanaskneli religiis gasavrceleblad dauRalavad irjebodnen. amitom es SemoTavazeba allahis Suamavalma
miiRo, oRond im pirobiT, rom roca moisurvebda mamulebs
ukan daibrunebda. ebraelebma am pirobas daeTanxmnen da saqmes Seudgnen.
gamarjvebuli allahis Suamavali sahabeebTan erTad medinaSi dabrunda. swored am dros eTiopiidan jafer ibni ebi
Talibis meTaurobiT pirveli emigrantebi dabrunebundnen,
ramac yvela Zalian gaaxara. allahis wminda Suamavali wminda jafers gadaexvia, Subli daukocna da brZana: „axla ra
vizeimo, heiberis gaReba Tu jaferis dabruneba?“.
heiberSi mopovebuli nadavli hudeibies SeTanxmebaSi monawile yvela sahabes, heiberis gmirebs, eTiopiis emigrantebsa
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da ebreeleebTan naomar devsis toms gaunawila.
heiberis aRebis Semdeg arabeTis naxevarkunZulze mcxovre,i
yvela ebrauli tomi ukve Suamavlis mmarTvelobis qveS imyofeboda... ebraelebs muSriqebze (warmarTebi) daxmareba aRar
SeeZloT. garSemomyofma tomebma da saxelmwifoebma kargad
dainaxes, rom muslimebma auRebeli heiberis cixe simagris
aReba da ebraelTa daimoCileba SeZles, rac imaze miuTiTebda, rom, isini ukve seriozul Zalas warmoadgendnen.
muslimTa mier Suamavlis meTaurobiTa da uzenaesi allahis
nebiT Seqmnili saxemwifo am dros arsebuli imperiebisTvis
safrTxes warmoadgenda. meqas warmarTebma heiberis aRebis
Semdeg glova gamoacxades. uamravi didi Tu patara tomi
medinasken gaeSura, raTa islams ziarebodnen da sahabeTa
rigebi daekavaT, gatafaebis da zogierTi tomi, romelnic
jiutobdnen muslimTa Zalebis mier iqnen damorCilebulni.
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heiberis brZola
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mgzavroba gamotovebuli umrisTvis
hudeibies SeTanxmebis Semdeg erTi weli gavida. mxverplSewirvis dResaswaulamde erTi Tve iyo darCenili, allahis
Suamavalma sahabeebs umreze gasamgzavreblad samzadisis
dawyeba daavala. oriaTasma sahabem gasamgzavreblad samzadisi daasrula. Sesawirad 70 aqlemi iqna Sesyiduli. Sesawiri cxovelebis meqamde Cayvana najie bin jundubesa da mis
oTx megobars daevala. muhammed bin meslemes asi cxenosani
meomriT iaraRis gadasatanad winaswar iqna gagzavnili. warmarTebze ndoba warmoudgeneli iyo. Tuki ieriSs miitandnen,
iaraRs gamoiyenebdnen. pativcemuli sahabeebidan zogierTebma Suamavals Seaxsenes: `allahis Suamavalo! hudeibies
SeTanxmebidan gamomdinare, umreze mxolod qarqaSSi Cadebuli xmliT SegveZlo SemovsuliyaviT!“ sayvarelma Suamavalma miugo: „Cven es SeiaraReba haremSi yureiSlebTan ki ar
migvaqvs. mxolod imisTvis gvWirdeba, rom Tu warmarTebi ieriSze gadmovlnen, Tavi davicvaT.“
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medinaSi warmomadgenlad ebu zeril gifari iqna datovebuli. zogierT gadmocemaSi am misiis ebu ruhmul gifarze
dakisrebis Sesaxebacaa saubari. ori aTasi sahabe SuamavalTan erTad meqisken daiZra. imis gamo, rom amdeni xnis unaxavi samSoblo unda moenaxulebinaT, sahabeebi emociebs ver
malavdnen. maT aseve unda exilaT uwmindesi qaba, romliskenac muslimebi dReSi xuTjer salocavad dgebian. aseve axladgamuslimanebul naTesavebs unda Sexvedrodnen, romlebic ,didi xania, rac ar enaxaT. ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi
muslimebis tanjviTa da SeuracyofiT damtkbar da kerpebis uaryofisaTvis uamravi muslimis sisxlis amRebi meqas
warmarTebisTvis unda eCvenebinaT, Tu ramdenad uzenaesi da
WeSmariti iyo islami, romelmac beWedi dausva religiaTa
da SuamavalTa jaWvs, samyaros mohfina bedniereba da sikeTe, xolo saiqioSi RvTismosavnT netarebas Sehpirda. imedo-
mgzavroba gamotovebuli umrisTvis
o
vnebdnen, rom warmarTTa gulebSi iseT rames gaaRviZebdnen, romelic islamis mimarT maT zizRs bolos mouRebda
da maT gamuslimebas daaCqarebda.
xolo maT, vinc gamgzavreba ver SeZlo, Suamavali da sahabeebi „TeqbirebiT“ da uzenaesi allahis gandidebiT gaaciles da ukan medinaSi dabrundnen.
rodesac sayvareli Suamavali, medinadan 12 kilometriT
moSorebul zulhufeiSi Cavida, ihrami Caicva. sahabeebmac
igive gakeTes. yvela TeTrebiTSeimosa. umris gasakeTeblad
meqisaken mgzavroba oficialurad daiwyo. „lebbeiqe! allahumme lebbeiq! lebbeiq! la Seriqe leqe lebbeiq! innel hemde
venniRmeTe leqe vel mulqe, la Seriqe leqe“ xmebi zecamde
amaRlda da mas azanzarebda. mgzavroba, uzenaesi allahis
gandidebiTa da misTvis Semweobis TxovniT sakmaod kargad
midioda.
muhammed bin meslemes meTaurobiT, win wasuli muslimTa
jgufi, romelsac iaraRi gadahqonda, rodesac meqas miuaxlovda, isini warmarTebma dainaxes, miuaxlovdnen da hkiTxes: `gana SeTanxmeb aseTi iyo? es ras niSnavs?~ muhammed
bin meslemem upasuxa, eseni allahis Suamavalis jariskacebi arian da Tuki uzenaesi allahi inebebs xval Suamavalic
CamobrZandeba da wminda qalaqsa pativs dadebso.
warmarTebma Tavi erTad moiyares da SuamavalTan umal delegacia
gagzavnes.
am dros Suamavali meqasTan axlos, saidanac qalaqi kargad moCanda, batvni ieRjejSi iyo mosuli. aq muslimebma
mTeli SeiaraReba datoves da Tanac 200 sahabe sadarajod
datoves.
roca samzadisi dasrulda, yureiSebis delegaciam SuamavalTan Sesaxvedrad neba iTxova. rodesac maTi Txovna
dakmayofilda, wamrmarTebma allahis Suamavals uTxres:
`muhammed! hudeibie SeTanxmebis Semdeg, Sens winaaRmdeg ar
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wavsulvarT, SeTanxmeba ar dagvirRvevia, Cven dResac SeTanxmebis farglebSi vmoqmedebT. am SeiaraRebiT qalaqSi
Semosvlas apirebT? SeTanxmebis mixedviT SegeZloT, meqaSi
mxolod qarqaSSi Cadebuli xmlebiT SegeZloT Semosvla.~
allahis Suamavalma miugo; „me bavSvobidan dRemde yvela micemuli sityvis uzado Semsruleblad micnobs. Cven mxolod
qarqaSSi Cadebuli xmlebiT SemovalT. magram yovel SemTxvevaSi, msurs SeiaraReba axlos mqondes.~ yureiSelTa delegaciam, rodesac is miRebuli informaciis realurobaSi
darwmunda, SvebiT amoisunTqa. maT ukan dabrunebis win Suamavals mimarTes: „muhammed! Seni mxridan, sworedac, sikeTisa da WeSmaritebis meti araferi gvinaxavs.~ isini meqaSi
dabrundnen da arsebuli mdgomareoba Tanatomelebs uambes.
ris Semdegac maTac SvebiT amoisunTqes.
yureiSTa didebulebma Suamavlis erTguli sahabeebis danaxva ver aitanes da SuRliT aRivsnen. amitomac meqa miatoves da mTebSi gaixiznen..
sayvarelma Suamavalma medinadan Camoyvanili, msxverplad
Sesawiri aqlemebi zituvas teritoriaze gaatana. roca sahabeebma samzadisi dasrules, wminda qalaqSi Sesasvlelad
gaemarTnen.
sahabeebiT garSemortymuli qusvaze (Suamavlis aqlemis saxeli) amxedrebuli Suamavali aTasobiT varskvlavis damfaravi mzis msgavsad, garSemos naTels hfenda.
`RmerTo! es ra mSvenierebaa! es ra saocari xedia!~... irgvliv mxolod allahis sadidebeli sityvebi ismoda: „lebbeiqe! allahumme lebbeiq! lebbeiq! la Seriqe leqe lebbeiq!
innel hemde venniRmeTe leqe vel mulqe, la Seriqe leqe.“
muslimebis xmebi zecas swvdeboda. isini nabij-nabij qaabas
uaxlovdebodnen, emocia TanTadan matulobda da qaabasTan
miaxloebasTan erTad, lamis, umaRles mwvervals aRwevda.
yvelas mier erTxmad warmoTqmuli „Telbies“ xmebi mTel
meqas swvdeboda, amis Semxedvare meqas warmarTebis gulebi naRvliTa da dardiT ivseboda. umetesobis gulSi Car416 Ca muslimTa mier warmoTqmuli sityvebi, romelic uzenae-
n
mgzavroba gamotovebuli umrisTvis
o
si allahis gandidebisa da monoTeizmis simbolo gaxldaT.
aseTnairad maTi gulebi samomavlod Semzadda.
sayvareli
Suamavali aqac gamarjvebuli darCa.
sayvareli Suamavali da sahabeebi welze Semortymuli
xmlebiT qaabaSi Sediodnen. Suamavlis aqlemis aRviri abdulla binrevahas hqonda xelSi aRebuli win-win miiwevda,
xotbas SemosZaxebda. zogierTi meqeli warmarTi, dedakacebi
da bavSvebi nedves saxlSi Seiyarnen, sayvareli Suamavalic
mamac sahabeebs uyurebda. abdulla bin revahas win-win svla
warmarTebs urosaviT xvdeboda da maT gulebs apobda.
omarmaes veRar aitana da abdulla bin revahas Seaxsena;
„ibni revaha! leqs rogor SemosZaxeb Suamavalis winaSe da
„haremi SerifSi~ magram sayvarelma Suamavalma mas uTxra;
„omar! nu dauSli mas. allahs geficebi rom, misi sityvebi,
yureiSis warmarTebze isarze ufro mkveTr kvals tovebs,~
xolo ibn revahas mouwoda xotbis Sesxma gaagrZeleo da
Tan daamata:
`ar arsebobs RvTaeba garda allahisa. es isaa, visac danapirebis Sesruleba SeuZlia! am msaxuris damxmare is aris! jariskacebze janRonis mimniWebeli is aris! erTmuWad Sekruli
tomebis gamanadgurebeli is aris!“ abdulah bin revaham xotbis Sesxma gaagrZela
ar arsebobs RvTaeba,
garda erTi allahisa!
ar arsebobs toli misi,
la ilahe illellah!
is aris muslimTa,
gmirTa Zalis mimcemi!
is aris urwmunoTa,
gamfantveli, gamcamtverebeli!
muslimebic am sityvebs imeorebdnen. Suamavalma allahis saxlSi Sesvlis dros marjvena mxari gamoaCina; „am jiut 417
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xalxTan morkinali da mamaci gmirebi uzenaesma allahma daifaros.~ sahabeebmac marjvena mxari gamoaCines da Cqari nabijiT qaabas samjer Semouares. magram iemanes kuTxesa da
hajerul esvedes (Savi qvis) kuTxe nel-nela gaiares. Suamavali da sahabeebi hajerul esvedis uaxlovdnebodnen da
kocnidnen, an Soridan xeliT esalmebodnen.
meqas warmarTebic muslimebs ukan miyvebodnen, da muslimebis mier Sesrulebili piligrimobis gamo gaocebas ver
faravdnen, radganac rac muslimebi medinas gaecalnen, maT
Sesaxeb mxolod sisuste, avadmyofoba da amis msgavsi uZlurebani hqondaT gagonili. axla ki, yvelaferi piriqiT xdeboda, rac imaze mianiSnebda, rom muslimebi meqadan wasvlis
Semdeg yvelanairad gaZlierebuliyvnen.
darCenili oTxi tavafi( qabaze Semovla) neli nabijebiT
daasrules. tavafis Semdeg „mayami ibrahimTan“ (ibrahimis
adgilsamyofelTan) mividnen da ori muxli locva aRavlines. Semdeg safasa da merves mTebs Soris Svidi saRi (gavla)
Seasrules. msverplis Sewirvis Semdeg, sayvarelma Suamavalma Tmebi SeiWra. dalocvili Tmebi sahabeebma Zirs dacemamde gainawiles. Tmebi maTac SeiWres. aseTnairad, sayvareli
Suamavlis mier erTi wlis win nanaxi sizmari realobad
gadaiqca.
umra dasrulda da SuadRis locva moaxlovda. sayvarelma Suamavalma, bilali habeSs ezanis kiTxva daavala, manac
brZaneba umalve Seasrula. qaabaSi misma warmoTqmulma ezanma
mTeli meqa SeZra. sayvareli sahabeebi eznis kiTxvas guldasmiT usmendnen da dabali xmiT bilali habeSis warmoTqmul
sityvebs imeorebdnen. eznis damTavrebis Semdeg Suamavalma
maT locvis aRsavlenad winamZRoloba gauwia. yvelam erTad SuadRis locva aRavlines, romelmac muslimTa gulebSi
kvali datova.
sayvarel Suamavals ehtabSi karavi hqonda gamarTuli.
418 sahabeebmac garSemo arsebul karavebSi sami Rame gaaTies.
n
mgzavroba gamotovebuli umrisTvis
o
rodesac locvis aRvlenis dro movidoda allahis saxlSi
ikribebodnen da loculobdnen. danarCen dros ki naTesavebis mosanaxuleblad dadiodnen da maT islamis sanimuSo
eTikur normebsa da zneobas uCvenebdnen. isinic, ashabebis
qcevebis Semyureni, gakvirvebuli rCebodnen, gaocebas ver
faravdnen. sami dRis manZilze iseTi StabeWdileba iqmneboda, TiTqos muslimTa mier meqa sulierad iqna aRebuli.
sami dRec gavida, ukve gamomSvidobebis dro iyo mosuli.
saRamos pirs allahis Suamavalma brZaneba gasca, rom meqaSi umris Sesasruleblad Camosul yvela muslims qalaqi daRamebamde unda daetovebina da gzas dadgomoda. marTlac,
daRamebamde muslimebi medinasken gaeSurnen.
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muTas brZola
rodesac sayvareli Suamavali umris Sesasruleblad meqaSi imyofeboda, velid bin velids hkiTxa; „halidi sad aris?
misma msgavsma adamianma islami rom ver Seicnos, SeuZlebelia. neta, Tavisi eniT aRuwereli gmiroba da Zal-Rone islamis samsaxurSi, warmarTTa winaaRmdeg gamoeyenebina! ramdenad
sarfiani iqneboda es misTvis. SeviyvarebdiT da pativs davdebdiT“. velid bin velidi ufros Zmas (halid ibni velids)
werilebs ugzavnida da islams uxsnida. roca Suamavlis am
sityvebma halidis yuramde miaRwia, igi Zmis meSveobiT islamisken ufro metad Semotrialda. dReebi gadioda da hijreTis merve welSi Seabijes fexi. halid ibni velidi ukve
Tavis tyavSi veRar eteoda da medinaSi Casvlis, Suamavlis
winaSe Camuxvlisa da islamTan ziarebis surviliT dneboda.
Tavad halid ibni velidi amis Sesaxeb yveboda:
`uzenaesma allahma me Suamavlis siyvaruli miboZa da
gulSi islamis siyvaruli Camido. kargisa da cudis gansxvaveba maswavla. CemTvis vfiqrobdi:; „me, Suamavalis winaaRmdeg yvela omSi miviRe monawileoba. magram roca omis vels
vtovebdi yovelTvis vgrZnobdi, rom is dRe movidoda,
rodesac allahis Suamavali gaimarjvebda. roca allahis
Suamavali hudeibieSic Cavida, halidi maSinac ki, warmarTTa
mTavarsardali iyo. maT mivuaxlovdiT da davenaxveT. Suamavali sahabeebTan erTad, auRelveblad, SuadRis locvas
aRavlenda. ieriSis mitana gadavwyviteT magram ver SevZeliT, raRac zebunebrivi gviSlida xels. Suamavalma mgoni
yvelaferi gaigo. samxrobis locva ufro nel tempSi Seasrula. aman Cems gulSi Zalian Rrma kvali datova. gavifiqre
es pirovneba allahis mier aris daculi-meTqi. erTmaneTs
gavecaleT. rodesac uamravi fiqri mawuxebda, Suamavali meqaSi umras Sesasruleblad Camovida. me mas davemale. is Cem
Zma velidTan erTad mosuliyo Cem sanaxavad. Cem Zmas werili
daetovebina: „bismillahirrehmanirrehim-mowyale da mwyalobeli allahis saxeliT! allahis gandidebisa da Suamaval- 421
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ze misalmebisa da dalocvis Semdeg getyvi, rom,ueWvelad
me, Seni islamisgan zurgis Seqceva ver amixsnia. ugunuri
ar xar, rom erTmaneTisgan WeSmariteba da mcdari gza ver
gaarCio. ratom Wkuas ar iyeneb? Zalian sainteresoa, islamis msgavsi religia rom ver Segicvnia. allahis Suamavalma
Senze SemekiTxa. unda, rom islams eziaro. Zmao! xelsayrel
moments xelidan nu uSveb. meti aRar daagviano!“
rodesac werili wavikiTxe, survili gamiRvivda islams
vziarebodi. meqaSi wasvlas vCqarobdi. Suamavlis sityvebma
didad gamaxara. rodesac mas eZina, cudi sizmari vnaxe, viwro udabnodan, mwvane, farTo da sasiamovno adgilas gavedi.
rodesac medinaSi Cavedi am sizmris axsna, wminda ebubeqirs
vTxove.
SuamavalTan wasasvlelad vemzadebodi da Tan viRacis wayvanas vfiqrobdi. am dros safvan bin umeies gadavawydi. mas
mdgomareoba vuambe. iman ki uari miTxra. mis Semdeg iqrime
bin ebu jehls gadaveyare. roca manac uari miTxra, saxlSi
davbrundi, cxens Semovajeqi da osman bin talhasken gaveSure. rodesac mivedi, vuambe Tu ratom msurda SuamavalTan
Sexvedra. man Cemi SeTavazeba uyoymanod miiRo, meore dRes
dilauTenia erTad davadeqiT gzas. rodesac haddes CavediT iq amr ibni ass SevxvdiT. isic medinaSi, islamis misaRebad midioda.
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medinaSi CavediT. yvelaze koxta samosi Cavicvi da SuamavalTan Sesaxvedrad movemzade. swored am dros CvenTan Cemi
Zma velidi movida da gviTxra: `iCqareT, radganac Suamavalma ukve icis aq rom CamoxvediT da Zalian gaxarebulia. axla
Tqven gelodebaT“. saCqarod wminda SuamavalTan mivediT. is
iRimeboda. mivesalme da vuTxari: „ar arsebobs RvTaeba garda allahisa da vamowmeb, rom Sen misi Suamavali xar!~ Suamavalma brZana: „qeba-dideba mxolod allahs ekuTvnis, vinc
Sen WeSmaritebis gzaze dagadgina“. halidi da misi megobari
muslimebi gaxdnen.
muTas brZola
o
meqaSi yvelaze bedniernT, miznis misaRwevad yvelafris
gamkeTebel sam goliaTs, aRtacebuli suliTa da guliT,
Suamavlis winaSe sahabeTa pativi daedoT. isini axla ukve
mTeli ZaliT urwmunoTa winaaRmdeg ibrZolebdnen. sahabeebs Zalian gauxardaT maTi gamuslimeba, sixaruls Teqbirebis TqmiT gamoxatavdnen.
hijreTis merve wels, sayvarelma Suamavalma islamis
gasavrceleblad misken mowodeba sxvadasxva tomebsa da saxelmwifoebs elCebis saSualebiT gaugzavna. zogierT adgilidan dadebiTi pasuxi movida, magram busras gubernatorTan wargzavnili haris bin umeiri, damaskos belqas mxares,
sofel muTaSi qristianuli jarebis mier iqna dakavebuli.
rodesac harisi damaskos gubernatoris Surahbil bin amris
winaSe miiyvanes, igi mokles da Sehidad aqcies.
am ambavma Suamavali Zalian daamwuxra da saswrafod sahabeebis Sekreba iTxova. brZanebis gamgoni sahabeebi ojaxebs
gamoemSvidobnen da saswrafod jurfis sajariso nawilSi
Seikribnen. sayvarelma Suamavalma maTTan erTad SuadRis
locva aRavlina, xolo Semdeg Tqva: „salaSqrod wamsvleli ai, am xalxis sardlad zeid bin haris davniSne! Tuki zeidi gmirad (Sehidad) daecema mis adgils, jafer bin ebi Talibi
daikavebs. jafer bin ebi Talibic Tu Sehidi gaxda, abdullah
bin revaha gaxdeba sardali. Tuki abdulah bin revahac Sehidis
xarisxs eweva, muslimebma yvelasTvis misaRebi piri airCion da
meTaurad daniSnon!“ rodesac sahabeebma gaiges, rom Suamavlis mier CamoTvlili sahabeebi Sehidis xarisxs unda sweodnen, tirili daiwyes: „allahis Suamavalo! netavi cocxlebi
darCnen da maTgan gvesargebla!“ allahis Suamavalma gaCumda da maT pasuxi ar gasca.
xolo rodesac allahis Suamavlis mier CamoTvlilma pirebma es yvelaferi gaigones, sixaruls veRar faravdnen,
radganac maTi mizani xom allahis gzaze, omSi gmirad dacema iyo. Suamavalma namaxaroblevi es ambavi da maT sakuTa-
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ri yurebiT gaigones. mujahilebma (meomrebma) samzadisi
daamTavres da meTaurebs elodebodnen. sayavrelma Suamavalma islamis TeTri droSa zeid bin hariss Caabara. mas im
adgilamde Casvla daavala, sadamdec haris bin umeie mivida
da iqaurebis islamisken moxmoba daavala. xolo Tu isini am
SeTavazebas uaryofdnen, muslimebs maTTan omi ebrZanaT.
rodesac abdullah bin revaha sahabeebs gamoemSvidoba,
atirda. mas hkiTxes: „ei revahas Svilo! ratom tiri?“ meleqse
abdullah bin revaham
leqsad warmoTqva, rom is imitom ki ar tiroda rom dedamiwa uyvarda an sahabeebi moenatreboda. piriqiT, mas yurani
qerimSi erTi aiaTi moesmina, romelSic naTqvami iyo: „ueWvelad, icodeT rom TqvenSi aravin aris iseTi, rom jojoxeTSi
ar Seiaros.~ mas swored imisi eSinoda, rom jojoxeTSi ver
gaZlebda. megobrebma mas usurves:; „uzenaesma allahma sayvarel xalxTan erTad gamyofos, keTilismqmnelTan iyavi!“
Semdeg abdulla bin revaham aRniSna: „magram Cemi dilema
uzenaesi allahis mxridan Sewyalebaa. me msurs basri xaliT an SubiT davece Zirs da vewio SehidTa pativs!...“ jari
jer kidev samzadisSi iyo, rodesac abdullah bin revaha
sayvarel SuamavalTan gamosamSvidobeblad mivida da uTxra:
„allahis Suamavalo! iseTi raRac mirCie, rom mexsierebidan
arasdros wameSalos.~ lmobierebisa da sikeTis damnergvelma sayvarelma Suamavalma miugo: „Sen xval im xalxtan midixar, vinc RvTismsaxurebiT Tavs ar iwuxebs. iq mravali RvTismaxureba da locva aRavline!“
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samiaTas kaciani jari allahis sadidebeli sityvebis ZaxiliT gzas gaudga. isini sayvarelma Suamavalma da medinaSi
darCenilma sahabeebma gaaciles. damSvidobebisas sayvarelma
Suamavalma muslimTa jars Semdegnairad mimarTa: „me Tqven,
uzenaes allahis brZanebebis Sesrulebas, akrZalulebisgan
ganridebas, flangze myof mulimTa mimarT keTilis qmnasa da
sikeTis gakeTebas girCevT. uzenaesi alllahis gzaze misi sa-
muTas brZola
o
xelis xsenebiT iomeT. nadavli ar gaflangoT. SeTanxmeba ar
daarRvioT. bavSvebi ar moklaT. iq eklesiebSi RvTismsaxurT
gadaawydebiT. gafrTxilebT! maT araferi dauSaoT! iq xalxs
gadaawydebiT romlebic eSmakebTan erTad arian, maT Tavebi
daayrevineT, magram dedakacebsa da moxucebs ar SeexoT. xeebi
ar gadawvaT. saxl-kari ar gaunadguroT!“
mTavarsardal zeid bin hariss ki uTxra: „rodesac warmarTns an urwmunonT SexvdebiT, isini sam raRacaze moixme!
(Tuki islams miiReben) acnobe maT, rom emigrantTa samSobloSi, medinaSi SeuZliaT Camosvla! Tuki mowodebas miiReben, uTxari, rom is uflebebi, rac muslimanT gaaCniaT, maTac
eqnebaT da is valdebebulebebi, rasac muslimebi asruleben,
maTac unda aRasrulon. magram Tu gamuslimanebis SemTxvevaSi TavianT samSobloSi darCena urCevniaT, maTi nebaa, oRond
isini momTabare arabebis mdgomareobaSi iqnebian da maTTvis
igive RvTaebrivi kanoni iqneba gatarebuli, romlis mixedviT
omSi mopovebuli nadavlidan maT araferi ergebaT, nadavls
mxolod omSi monawileni miiReben.
Tuki ar gamuslimdebian, maT xarkis gadaxda daakisre! vinc
xarkis gadaxdas daeTanxmeba, mas arSeexo! Tuki xarksac ar gadaixdian, uzenaess miende da omi gamoucxade!~
am miTiTeTebis Semdeg mujahidebs gamoemSvidobnen. islamis jari Teqbirebis SeZaxilebiT gzas gaudga. medinaSi darCenilebma ki gamarjvebisa da jaris mSvidobianad dabrunebis vedreba aRavlines.
zeid bin harisis xelSi islamis wminda droSa frialebda,
meomarni allahis rwmenis gasavrceleblad Sor gzaze miemarTebodnen. islamis jari siriisaken gadaadgildeboda. mgzavroba incidentis gareSe mxiarulad midioda. mujahidebi
mterTan Sesaxvedras mouTmenlad elodnen. SehidaT dacema
yvelaze metad abdullah bin revahas surda. amis Sesaxeb
zeid bin erqani gadmogvcems: `rodesac gavigone xotba, romliTac is am qveyanas emSvidobeboda, avtirdi. abdullah bin 425
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
revaha maTraxiT Semexo da miTxra: „mousvenaro! ra gemarTeba? Sen ra ziani gadgeba, Tuki me uzenaesi allahi Sehidobis
pativs damdebs da amqveyniuri varamidan gavTavisufldebi, Sen ki cxovelze Sejdebi da ukan dabrundebi?~ Semdeg
aqlemidan Camovida, ori muxli locva aRavlina da uzenaes
allahs Seevedra, bolos momibrunda da miTxra: „bavSvo,
RmerTis nebiT am laSqrobaSi Sehidis pativi damedeba!“
rodesac gmiri sahabeebi sirias miuaxlovdnen damaskos
gubernatorma Surahbil bin amrma ukve icoda islamis nawilebis moaxloebis Sesaxeb. man umalve viTareba amcno bizantiis keisar herakliuss, visganac didi daxmareba miiRo. vinaidan maT mier miRebuli informaciis Tanaxmad, muslimTa
raodenoba mxolod sami an oTxi aTasi kacs Seadgenda, maT
winaaRmdeg gamoiyvanes asi aTassze meti meomari, romlebic
saukeTeso iaraSiT iyvnen aRWurvilni.
rodesac sahabeebi siriis midamoebs miuaxlovdnen, gaiges, rom bizantiidan asi aTas kaciani armia maT winaaRmdeg siriaSi iyo Camosuli. muslimebma muanRaSi ori Rame
gaatares. mTavarsardalma zeid bin harisma jari Seyara da
mdgomareoba amcno. eerTmaneTs azri gauziares imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra unda moemoqmedaT 100 aTasiani jaris winaaRmdeg. zogierTma sahabema moiTxova, bizantiiis jars siriaSi
Camosvlamde davesxaT Tavs, tyveebi aviyvanoT da medinaSi
davbrundeTo. zogierTma ki Tqva, allahis Suamavals werili mivweroT, mtris jaris ricxvi vacnoboT da saswrafod
damxmare Zalebis gamogvigzavna vTxovoT, an vkiTxoT ra gavakeToTo. meore SeTavazebis miRebas apirebdnen, rodesac
saubarSi abdullah bin revaha Caeria.
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`xalxo Cemo, araviTari mizeziT Sehidobis pativs zurgi ar unda vaqcioT. gana aq amisaTvis ar vimyofebiT? ar
aqvs mniSvneloba mtris ricxobriv upiratesobas. uzenaesma
allahma es religia Cven mogvando da Cvenc mamacurad vibrZoleT. wadiT iomeT, ueWvelad, sikeTe arsebobs, am saqmis
muTas brZola
o
Sedegi an gamarjveba an ki Sehidad dacemaa. bediris dRes
gvyavda ori cxeni, uhudSi erTi cxeniT da Zalian cota
iaraRiT vibrZoleT. Tu am omSi gamarjveba bedisweraa, rogorc amas uzenaesi allahi da misi Suamavali Segvpirdnen,
asec moxdeba. aba morwmuneno win iareT, Tuki Sehidoba
Cvens bedisweraSia, SevxvdebiT iq, samoTxeSi Cven Zmebs- Sehidebs.~
wminda abdullah bin revahas mimarTvam muslimebs gambedaoba gauormaga. isini ambobdnen: „RmerTs vficavT, revahas
vaJi WeSmaritebas qadagebs.“
maT miires gadawyvetileba, rom brZolis velze dacemamde
oms gaagrZelebdnen. rodesac sahabeebi sofel muTeSi Cavidnen, asiaTas kacian bizantiis jars gadaeyarnen. mtrebis
Zalebs mindor- veli daefaraT. erT mxares, uzenaesi allahis religiis gasavrceleblad medinadan damaskoSi Casuli
samiaTas kaciani muslimTa jari idga, xolo meore mxares,
islamis dasamarcxeblad mzad myofi 100 aTas kaciani urwmunoTa armia... logikurad am ori Zalis Sedareba SeuZlebelia. erT muslimi meomari valdebuli iyo, daaxloebiT, 30
kacs gamkvlaveboda.
orive mxarem poziciebi daikaves. am dros, Suamavalis
brZanebis Sesabamisad, muslimTa delegacia romaelebisken
gaemarTa. maT romaelTa jars islamis miReba an xarkis gadaxda SesTavazes. magram qristianebma es SeTavazeba uaryves. dasakargi dro ukve aRar iyo. mTavarsardalma zeid bin
harisma droSiT xelSi urwmunonTa jaris winaaRmdeg ierisze gadasvla brZana. morwmunenic swored amas elodnen; „allahu eqber-allahi diadia“ aseTi SeZaxilebiT isris msgavsad gavardnen win. xmlebi elviseburad iSiSvles da mtris
Zalebs qariSxaliviT daatydnen Tavs. cxenebis Wixvini, xmaltacemis xmebi, Teqbiris SeZaxilebi da daWrilTa kvnesa zecas swvdeboda. miuxedavad imisa rom omi axali dawyebuli
iyo, brZolis veli sisxlis tbas daemsgavsa. sahabeebi xmlis
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
yovel moqnevaze Tavs an mklavs Wridnen.
mTavarsardali zeidi islamis TeTri droSiT xelSi da
„allahis“ Se- ZaxilebiT omis epicentrSi ibrZoda. ToToeul
mowinaaRmdeges mastan Sexvedra sananeblad uxdeboda. ucbad mas mkerdSi, erTbaSad, ramdenime Subi CaerWo. Zvirfasi
sahabes gul-mkerdi daifliTa. zeid bin sabiTi Zirs daeca
da Sehidobis pativi daedo.
Zirs davardnili droSa jaferma aiRo xelSi. islamis
droSis frialze muslimebs gambedaoba gauormagdaT. wminda jaferi zeid bin sabiTis msgavsad mamacurad ibrZoda.
Tan ibrZoda da Tanac meomrebs gambedaobas hmatebda. axali
sardlis mamacuri, elvasaviT xmlis triali, mters Tvals
ubnelebda. man mravali bizantieli gamoasalma sicocxles da amasTan mixvda, rom ukan dasabrunebeli gza aRar
iyo. igi uzenaesi allahis saxelis xsenebiT Tavganwirulad
ibrZoda.
bolos wminda jaferi marjvena xelSi daiWra
da amis gamo Zirs davardnili droSa marcxena xeliT aiRo
da xelaxla aafriala.
am dros mas marcxena xelic mohkveTes. uxelod darCenilma jaferma mkerdiT scada droSis
afrialeba, magaram mterma mas amis gakeTebis saSualeba ar
misca da igi brZolis velze gmirulad daEeca. mas natvra
ausrulda da Sehidi gaxda. misi dalocvili suli samoTxis
koSkebSi dafrinavda, xolo sxeuli dafleTili iyo. mas
oTxmocdaaTze
meti Wriloba hqonda miyenebuli.
muslimebis ori sardali gmirulad daeca, sahabeebma Zirs
dacemuli droSa aiRes da abdullah bin revahas Caabares.
am dros cxenze amxedrebuli revaha mters musrs avlebda.
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wminda abdullah bin revaha allahis sadidebeli SeZaxilebiT gmirulad ibrZoda. mtris xmalma mas TiTi dauziana, igi cxenidan Camovida daSavebuli TiTi fexqveS Semoido da moiglija. cxenze elviseburad amxedrda da mtris
Jleta gaagrZela,Tan dardobda, ratom Sehidobis pativi ar
damedoo. bolos masac Subi aZgeres da miwaze dasces. igi
muTas brZola
o
allahisa da misi Suamavlis WeSmaritebis gzaze brZolaSi
daiRupa da nanatri ausrulda-Sehidi gaxda.
mis gverdiT myofma, ebul iusr qaRbma islamis wminda droSa xelSi aiRo da aafriala. man Tvali gadaavlo muslimTa
laSqars da droSa sabiT bin eqremis gadasca. manac droSa
muslimebis win daarWo da muslimebs Suamavlis danabarebi
Seaxsena;. Tuki is sami sahabe Sahidi gaxdeboda, erTi romelime sardlad aerCiaT da omi ase gaegrZelebinaT. muslimebma Tavad sabiTi isurves winamZRolad, magram man Tanamdebobaze uari Tqva da halid ibni velids miaCerda. halidi
axlad gamuslimebuli iyo amitom muslimTa sardlobas ver
bedavda, man sabiTs uTxra: „me am droSas ver gamogarTmev,
Sen Cemze ufrosi xar, Tanac SuamavalTan erTad bedirSi
ibrZodi! amitom es pativi Sen ufro metad gekuTvnis.~
muslimebs dasakargi dro ar qondaT. sabiTma isev mimarTa
halids: „halid! Suamavalis wminda alami saswrafod xelSi
aiRe! RmerTs geficebi es droSa SenTvis mosacemad aviRe
miwidan. Sen omi Cemze ufro kargad ici!“ Semdeg meomrebs
miutrialda da halidis sardlobis Sesaxeb azri hkiTxa,
muslimebma erTxmad miuges, is Cveni sardaliao.
bolosdabolos halidma droSa xelSi aiRo, akoca, cxenze
amxedrda da mtris Jleta ganagrZo.
mamacma sahabeebma axali sardlis winamZRolobiT mters
kidev ufro meti gaafTrebiT Seuties. halidi gasaocari
gambedaobiTa ibrZoda. yvela Semxvedrs gaCenis dresa da
saaTs awyevlinebda. am dros quTbe bin qaTadem, mowinaaRmdegis sardals maliq bin zafiles Tavi waacala. ukve Ramdeboda. sibneleSi omi saSiSi iyo SeiZleboda, megobari Semogkvdomoda.
amitom orive mxarem ukan daixia da Tavis banaks daubrunda. daWrilTa Wrilobebis damuSaveba daiwyes. halidi omis
xelovnebaSi profesionali iyo. meore dRes man jaris gan-
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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lageba Secvala da imedovnebda, rom amiT mowinaaRmdeges
daabnevda. marjvena flangze myofi marcxenaze, marcxena
flangze myofi marjvenaze, wina flangze myofi ukan, xolo
ukan myofi ki wina xazze gadaanacvla. dilauTenia muslimebma Teqbirebis SeZaxilebiT SeZaxilebiT mters Seuties.
mowinaaRmdege, rodesac axal saxeebs xedavda, fiqrobda eseni guSindeli jaris- kacebi ar arian, albaT muslimTa dasaxmareblad Camovidneno!... bizantielebi sulierad daecnen.
maTSi panikam daisadgura. es xelayreli momenti muslimebma
kargad gamoiyenes da aTasoboT mowinaRmdege jojoxeTSi
gaistumres. am dRes halidma cxra xmali gatexa, samiaTasma mamacma muslimma mtris asiaTas kacian laSqars sZlia.
ase aswavles maT Wkua manamde uZlevel, bizantiis imperias.
am omSi TxuTmeti aTasi kaci brZolis velze daeca...
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mujahidebis ukan dabrunebamde Suamavalma sahabeebi meCeTSi Sekriba da muTes omis Sesaxeb maTi informireba gadawyvita. sayvareli Suamavali metad damwuxrebuli Canda,
saxe Camostiroda veravin bedavda SekiTxvis dasmas. bolos
sahabeebidan erT-erTma mas uTxra: „Cveni Tavi genacvalos,
sayvarelo Suamavalo! Tqveni damwuxrebuli saxe guls gviklavs.~ sayvareli Suamavali atirda da brZana: „Cems saxeze
aRbeWdili mwuxareba, sahabeebis gmirad dacemis gamoa gamowveuli da es mdgomareoba manamde gagrZeldeba, sanam maT
samoTxis sarecelze wamowolils davinaxav. zeid bin harisma,
droSa xelSi aiRo, bolos ki gmirulad daeca. is samoTxeSi
Sevida. iq daseirnobs. Semdeg droSa jafer bin ebi Talibma
aiRo. mtrebis jarebs musri gaavlo. mamacurad ibrZola da
gmirulad daeca. is, Sahidis pativiT samoTxeSi Sevida da mas
lalisgan frTebi eboZa, axla is sadac surs da rogorc surs
ise dafrinavs. jaferis Semdeg droSa abdullah bin revaham
aitaca, manac mamacurad ioma da Sehidis pativi xvda wilad.
me meCvena, rom isini samoTxeSi, oqros sareclebze wamowolilni arian. RmerTo Cemo! zeidi Seinde!... RmerTo Cemo! jaferi
Seinde!... RmerTo Cemo! abdullah bin revaha Seinde!“
muTas brZola
o
sayvarel Suamavals saxeze cremlebi Camodioda. gulamomjdarma vedreba gaagrZela: „abdulla bin revahas Semdeg
droSa halid bin velidma aiRo. gacxarebuli omi mimdinareobs. RmerTo Cemo! is (halid bin velidi) Seni xmalTagania.
mas daexmare!~
sayvarel Suamavals uzenaesi allahis saswauleba aTasi
kilometriT moSorebuli adgilidan eCvena. rodesac jafer
bin ebi Talibi Sehidi gaxda, Suamavali sahabeebTan erTad
jaferis saxlSi mivida. jaferis meuRle, esmas yvela saqme
daemTavrebina, bavSvebisTvis tani daebana da Tmebi daevarcxna. sayvarelma Suamavalma mas uTxra; „esma! jaferis Svilebi sad arian? isini me momiyvane!“ qalbatonma esmam bavSvebi moiyvana. sayvarelma Suamavalma isini gulSi Caikra da
Tvalebi daukocna. mwuxarebas veRar gauZlo da loyebze
cremlebi Camocvivda. rodesac jaferis meuRlem sayvareli Suamavali am mdgomareobaSi dainaxa, uTxra; „Cemi dedmama genacvalos, allahis Suamavalo! Cems Svilebs oblebis
msgavsad ratom eqceviT?! nuTu jaferisa da misi megobrebisgan samwuxaro ambavi SeityveT?!~ sayvarelma Suamavalma
Tavi veRar Seikava da simarTle uTxra: „diax!... dRes isini
Sahidebi gaxdnen!...~ esmam bavSvebi gulSi Caikra da tirili
daiwyo. sayvarelma Suamavalma amdens veRar gauZlo da jaferis saxlidan wavida.
rodesac Suamavali saxlSi dabrunda yvela marTlmorwmunis dedebs saWmlis momzadeba da jaferis ojaxisaTvis gagzavna Txova. sami dRis ganmavlobaSi gmiri muslimis ojaxs
saWmels uzidavdnen.
ramdenime dRe gavida, iaRla bin umeie medinaSi kargi ambavis Casatanad gagzavnes. mas jer araferi hqonda moTxrobili, roca Suamavalma uTxra: „rogor gsurs, Sen ityvi
yvelafers Tu me movyve?~ Suamavalma omi konkretulad aRwera. gakvirvebulma iaRla bin umeiem Tqva; „WeSmaritebis
gasavrceleblad Sen warmomgzvnel uzenaes allahs vficav,
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rom omi detalurad asaxe.“ sayvarelma Suamavalma upasuxa;
„uzenaesma allahma, farda amixada da yvelaferi naTlad davinaxe, omis veli Cemi TvaliT vixile“.
ramdenime dRis Semdeg islamis jaris medinaSi moaxloebis Sesaxeb informaciamac moaRwia. sayvareli Suamavali da
sahabeebi medinas gareT Seegebnen mamac sahabeebs. islamis
droSa aRmarTuli frialebda... yvelas saxeze exata sixarulis kvali. cota xnis Semdeg, halid bin veledis meTaurobiT, medinaSi Semovidnen...
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muTas brZola
o
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meqas aReba
hijreTis merve weli idga. hudeibies zavis erT-erTi piroba iyo, rom am ori mxaris gareT myof arabebs, SeeZloT
romel mxaresac isurvebdnen, iqiT gadasuliyvnen. aqedan
gamomdinare Suamavalis mokavSire huzaias tomi muslimTa,
xolo beni beqris tomi warmarTebis mxares gadavidnen. huzasa da beqris tomebs Soris yovelTvis mtruli ganwyobileba iyo, xelsayrel moments arcerTi uSvebda xelidan da
erTmaneTs Tavs exmodnen. hudeibies SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad,
am or toms Soris raRac droiT, mSvidoba Camovarda, magram
beqris tomma es SeTanxmeba ori wlis Semdeg daarRvia. maTTgan erT-erTma allahis Suamavlis Seuracxmyofeli leqsi
warmoTqva. am leqsis Sinaarsi huzas tomis erT-erTma Wabukma ver aitana da beqrels Tavi gaupo. es mSemTxveva beqris
tomma xelsayrel momentad gamoiyena da huzas toms Tavs
daesxa. am ieriSis dros meqaSi huzas tomidan ocamde kaci
iqna. mokluli. omis periodSi huzas tomidan ramdenime kaci
SuamavalTan mivida da daxmareba iTxova. es Tavdasxma RamiT
moxda da beqiris toms huzas tomis winaaRmdeg .warmarTnic
exmarebodnen
im Rames, medinaSi allahis Suamavali meimunesTan imyofeboda, RamiT igi abdesis asaRebad wamodga; uzenaesi allahis
nebiT, rogorc saswauli, Suamavalma meqadan huzelTagan
daxmarebis Txovna gaigona da maT upasuxa; `lebbeiqe! me
veTanxmebi Tqvens SemoTavazebas!“ wminda meimunem hkiTxa:`
SenTan aris vinme?~
sayvarelma Suamavalma mas meqaSi momxdari ambebisa da maTSi yuraiSebis moanawileobis Sesaxeb amcno.
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yureiSelebi beqris toms daexmarnen da huzas tomidan
ramdenime kaci mokles. es ki hudeibies SeTanxmebis erT-erTi punqtis darRvevas niSnavda. magram, momxdaris Sesaxeb im
meqas aReba
o
droisaTvis damaskoSi myofma, ebu sufianma araferi icoda.
damaskodan dabrunebul yureiSTa meTaurs mouyvnen am incidentis Sesaxeb. ebu sufianma Tqva: „es aucileblad unda
gamovasworoTo. amis Cafarcxva SeuZlebelia. Tuk ase ar
moviqceviT muhammedi Cven meqadan gangvdevnis! amitom medinaSi ambis Casvlamde, Cven unda gavgzavnoT delegacia da
es problema movagvaroT.~
magram sayvarel Suamavals yvelaferi xom maSinve ecnoba.
amasTan am incidentidan sami dRis Semdeg, huzas tomidan
amr bin salimmi ormoci cxenosnis TanxlebiT medinaSi Cavida da allahis Suamavals yvelaferi dawvrilebiT uambo.
allahis sayvrelma Suamavalma Tqva: „Tu me huzas toms ar
davexmarebi,arc allahi damexmaros me!“ man werili daawerina
da yureiSelebs gaugzavna, masSi aRniSnuli iyo: „...Tqven, beqris tomTan urTierTobas gawyvetT da Tan huzas toms diets
(erTgvari gadasaxadi sisxlis sanacvlod) gadauxdiT! Tu
am ori pirobidan romelimes ar SesrulebT, oms gamogicxadebT!~
yureiSelebma pasuxad misweres rom arc diets gadaixdidnen da arc beqris tomTan gawyvetdnen kavSirs. magram Semdeg mainc SeeSindaT SeeSindaT da mosalaparakeblad medinaSi ebu sufiani gaagzavnes.
Suamavalma sahabeebs ebu sufianis medinaSi Camosvlamde
uTxra, rom is zavis gasaaxleblad modiioda, magram mas es
survili ar Seusruldeboda da rogorc Camovidoda, ukanac
iseve gabrundeboda.
ebu sufiani medinaSi Cavida da Tavis qaliSvil, Suamavlis
col ummu habibesTan mivida. man Suamavlis loginze dajdoma daapira. ummu habibem dajdomamde daaswro da sawoli
aiRo. ebu sufian es Zalian ewyina Svils uTxra; „Cemo gogo!
ratom miSli am sawolze dajdomas?~ yvela marTlmorwmunis
dedam mas Rirseuli pasuxi gasca: „es allahis Suamavlis sawolia, amitomac masze kerpTayvanismcemeli ver Camojdeba!
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
Sen warmrTi da uwminduri xar! am sawolze Camojdoma SenTvis araviTar SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba!“
gancvifrebulma ebu sufianma qaliSvils uTxra: „ Cemo
Svilo! rac Cvenidan wamoxvedi Zalian gamocvlilxaro!“
ummu habibem miugo: „RmerTs madloba rom gamovicvale,
Sen dResac qvisgan gamoZerwil arafrismaqnis kerpebs scem
Tayvans! mamiko, rogor SeiZleba yureiSTa uxucesma, Sennairma Wkvianma kacma islami ver Seimecnos!~ ebu sufiani
Zalian gabrazda da Svils uTxra: `Sen rogor aZlev Tavs
uflebas, upativcemulod momeqce da uvicoba damabralo!
ras meubneb,i mama-papaTa religia mivatovo da muhammedis
rjuli miviRo?!~ Svilis saqcieliT uaRresad aRSfoTebuli
warmarTTa winamZRoli iqaurobas gaecala.
Semdeg ebu sufiani allahis wminda SuamavalTan mivida da
hudeibies SeTanxmebis gagrZeleba Txova. allahis sayvarelma da pativcemulma Suamavalma upasuxa: „Cven hudeibies SeTanxmebis sawinaaRmdego araferi Cagvidenia da arc xelSekruleba Segvicvlia!“ yureiSebis liderma sayvarel Suamavals
Txovna ramdenjerme gaumeora, magram Suamavalma araferi
upasuxa. yureiSelebis liderma rom veraferi SeZlo, meqaSi
dabrunda da Tanatomelebs saqmis viTareba amcno. warmarTebma igi sacinlad aigdes, arafris gakeTeba SegZlebiao da
axla maT lodinis meti aRaraferi darCenodaT.
vinc Tavs mesjidi harams Seafarebs...
rodesac ebu sufiani medinadan wavida, vinaidan yureiSelebma zavi daarRvies da SeTanxmebas ar daemorCilnen,
Suamavalma meqas aReba gadawyvita. magram amas saidumlod
inaxavda, radgan surda, warmarTebs momzadeba ver moeswroT da meqa sisxlis dauRvrelad aeRo. es omis erTgvari
xerxi iyo. meqas aRebiT SesaZlebeli gaxdeboda, rom aTasobiT muslims islami Seecno.
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gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb mxolod ebu beqirsa da ramdeni-
meqas aReba
o
me sahabes acnoba. maTac, marTalia, mzadeba daiwyes, magram
ar icodnen, Tu sad midiodnen saomrad. Suamavalma mezobel
eslemis, eSjaRis, juheinis, husainis, gifaris, muzeinis, suleimis, damrisa da huzeiis tomebs SeuTvala: „allahisa da
gankiTxvis dRis visac swams, ramadanis Tvis dasawyisSi medinaSi Camovides.“
sayvarelma Suamavalma sifrTxile gamoiCina da meqaSi mimavali gzebis kontroli
Rumers daavala. manac mTebis
gadasasvleli gzebi maSinve Caketa da sxva gadasasvlelebzec darajebi daayena; „meqas gzebi gadaiketa da yvela ukan
gamoabrunes e.i. meqaSi Sesvla aikrZala!“
sayvarelma Suamavali, am saqmis farulad Sesrulebas uzenaes allahs Seevedra: „RmerTo Cemo! mogveci Zala, raTa maT
samSobloSi moulodnelad SevideT, yureiSelebis jaSuSebi
daabrmave da daayrue“.
sayvarelma Suamavalma, viTomcda CrdiloeTiT myofi warmarTnisa da bizantielebis winaaRmdeg saomrad midiodnen,
ebu yaTade CrdiloeTiT, izamis dablobisken razmiT gaagzavna.
am dros sayvarel Suamavals, rogorc saswauli, emcno,
rom medinaSi mimdinare saomari samzadisis Sesaxeb meqaSi
mtrisTvis werili mihqondaT. man mtris jaSuSs ali daadevna da am ukanasknelmac werili mstovriTurT xelT igdo.
ramadanis Tvis dasawyisSi allahis wminda Suamavalma mezobeli tomebisgan daxmareba miiRo da yvelani ebu inebes
Wis Tavze Seikribnen. muslimTa jaris ricxvi 12 aTas kacs
aRemateboda. maTSi iyo 4 aTasi ensari da Svidasi muhajiri iyo, xolo danarCen nawils mezobeli tomebis meomrebi
Seadgendnen.
sayvarelma Suamavala medinaSi warmomadgenlad ebdullah
bin ummi meqTumi datova. zubeir bin avvami ki, oras cxenosniT dasazverad win gauSva.
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
sayvareli Suamavalis meTaurobiT, uzenaesi allahis siyvaruliT aRvsili 12 aTas kaciani armia gzas gaudga. maT
rva wlis win Seviwroebasa da tanjvas Tavi aarides, TavianTi samSoblodan gadaixvewnen da emigrantebad iqcnen, axla
ki isini TavianT samSobloSi brundebodnen. muslimebi kerpebisagan meqas gasawmendad midiodnen. meqeli urwmunoebi
kvlav jiutobdnen, muslimebs surdaT maTTvis WeSmariteba,
simarTle da sikeTe eCvenebinaT... isini uzenaesi allahis
religiis gasavrceleblad, iqaurebis mudmivi jojoxeTis
cecxlisagan gadarCenad midiodnen.
rodesac islamis jari zul huleifeSi Cavida, Suamavalis
biZa abbasi meqadan ojaxTan erTad medinasken miemgzavreboda. sayvarel Suamavals biZasTan Sexvedra Zalian gauxarda
da mas uTxra: „biZaCemo abass, rogorc me var bolo Suamavali,
aseve sen xar bolo emigranti.~ am sityvebiT man biZis guli
moigo. wminda abbasma tvirTi medinaSi gaagzavna, TviTon
ki sayvarel SuamavalTan darCa da meqas aRebaSi miiRo monawileoba.
rodesac allahis wminda Suamavali meqas maxloblad
qudeidieSi Cavida, jars brZolis taqtika auxsna. yvela
toms gansxvavebuli droSa gadasca. emigrantebis droSa wminda ‘alis, zubeir bin avvamisa da sa‘d bin ebi vayyass
hqondaT aRmarTuli. ensarebs Tormeti, eSjarebsa da suleimlers erTi, muzeineebs sami, eslemebs ori, huzaileebis
sami, juheinelebis ki oTxi medroSe hyavdaT.
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medinadan gamosvlidan aTi dRe iyo gasuli. isini meqas saRamos miuaxlovdnen. Ziliswina locvis dros merruz-zahranSi miaRwies. sayvarelma Suamavalma aq Ramis gaTeva gadawyvita da jari daabanaka. omars davaleba misca, rom yvela
meomars koconi unda aenTo. roca aTi aTasi koconi agizgizdda meqa mTlianad ganaTda. iqauri warmarTebi gaocdnen,
maT islamis jaris meqaSi Semosvlis Taobaze araferi icodnen. umalve situaciSi gasarkvevad ebu sufiani gaagzavnes.
meqas aReba
o
igi islamis laSqars malulad miuaxlovda. am dros sayvarelma Suamavalma sahabeebs uTxra: „ebu sufians Tval -yuri
adevneT. mas aucileblad naxavT.“
rodesac yureiSelebi banaks miuxlovdnen,
Tavzari
daecaT da gancvifrebas ver faravdnen. meqas garSemo uamravi jariskaci Camosula da uamravi koconi aunTiaTo. muslimanebma eraqSi CamoaRwies.
am dros sayvarelma Suamavalma, kidev erTxel, brZana;
„ebu sufiani, axla eraqSia.“ wminda abbasma ebu sufiani da
misi Tanamzraxvelebi dainaxa, icno da Suamavals mihgvara.
gzaSi ebu sufianma wminda abbasis hkiTxa, Tu ra xdeboda.
wminda abbasim miugo:` vai, Sen ebu sufian! Suamavali uZleveli armiiT Tqvensken moemarTeba. vficav, rom yureiSelebis mdgomareoba arasaxarbieloa da maT ubedureba daatydebaT Tavs.~ ebu sufianma da masTan erTad myofma SiSiT
Sepyrobilma urwmunoebma mujahidebis gverdiT gaiares da
Suamavalis winaSe warsdgnen. sayvarelma Suamavalma isini
kargad miiRo. meqelebis mdgomareobas gaecno. gvianobamde
ilaparakes, Semdeg ki maT islamis miRebisken mouwoda. haqim bin nizamim da budeim islami maSinve aRiares, qelime-i
SehadeTi warmoTqves da islams eziarnen. magram ebu sufiani
isev yoymanobda.
roca gaTenda, sayvarelma Suamavalma ebu sufians mimarTa: „ebu sufian! grcxvenodes! gana ar dadga dro WeSmariteba
Seicno da aRiaro, rom ar arsebobs RmerTi garda allahisa?~
ebu sufianma warmoTqva; „Cemi Tavi genacvalos! Sen veravin
gagitoldeba sikeTis keTebasa da naTesavebisTvis keTilis
qmnaSi. im tanjvis miuxedavad, rac Sen mogayene, mainc islamisken mixmob. Sen yvelaze saukeTeso adamiani xar. me mwams,
rom ar arsebobs RvTaeba garda allahisa da Sen misi Suamavali xar!“ ase miiRo ebu sufianma islami, ris gamoc mas
sahabeebis pativi xvda wilad.
wminda abbasma Tqva: „allahis Suamavalo! ebu sufians
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
raRac iseTi uboZe, rac meqelebis winaSe mis avtoritets
aamaRlebs.~ allahis wminda Suamavali abbasis azrs daeTanxma da brZana: „vinc ebu sufianis saxlSi Seafarebs Tavs, is
sikvdils gadarCeba!“. ebu sufianma iTxova, rom is areali,
romelSic meqelebi daculni iqnebodnen, ufro gafarToebuliyo. maSin kacobriobis siamayem brZana: „vinc mesjidi haremSi Tavs Seafarebs, is absoliturad daculi iqneba! da vinc
saxlidan gareT ar gamova isic daculi iqneba“.
sayvarelma Suamavalma, wminda abbass daaval, rom ebu
sufians warmarTTaTvis islamis jaris siZliere aexsna. am
gziT SesaZlebeli gaxdeboda, rom wminda adgilze sisxli
ar daRvriliyo.
wminda abbasma ebu sufiani uReltexilisken waiyvana,xolo
mujahidebma saomari poziciebis daikaves. yvela tomma islamis droSa aRmarTa da uReltexilze gadasla daiwyes.
yvela abjarSi gamowyobili iyo. yvela tomi uReltexilze
gadasvlis dros uzenaes allahs ganadidebda. ebu sufiani
abbass ekiTxeboda, Tu romeli tomebi iRebdnen monawileobas laSqrobaSi, Suamavlis biZa pasuxobda: „eseni, suleimebi
arian! maTi sardali halid bin velidia!“ „eseni gifarebi
arian!“ „eseni qaabis Svilebi!...“ muslimebis mier warmoTqmuli „allahu eqber! allahu eqber!-allahi uzenaesia“ xmebi
zecas swvdeboda.
ebu sufians (k.i.m.a.) yvelaze metad wminda Suamavalis erTeulis naxva ainteresebda, vinaidan is grZnobda, rom Suamavlis erTeuli raRaciT gamorCeuli iqneboda. rogorc iqna
SuamavalTa mefem, samyaroTa batonma mzis msgavsad amoanaTa, igi amxedrebuli iyo aqlemze, romelsac „qusva“ erqva.
igi muhajirebiTa da ensarebiT iyo garSemortymuli. yvela
Tavidan-fexebamde davudis javSanSi gaxveuli, welze indur
xmlebSemortymuli, taiWis jiSis cxenebsa da aqlemebze
amxedrebuli miiwevdnen win.
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ebu sufianma veRar moiTmina da abbass hkiTxa eseni vin
meqas aReba
o
ariano, vin arian eseni; „SuaSi rom modis allahis Suamavalia. garSemo ki, Sehidis pativisaTvis mejnunni muhacirebi
da sahabeebio!...
rodesac sayvarelma Suamavalma man ebu sufians gverdiT
Cauara, miesalma da uTxra: „es dRe, uzenaesi allahis mier,
qaabas amaRlebis dRea. am dRes allahis saxls safari gadaexureba! dRes Sewyalebis dRea... es dRes uzenaesi allahis mxridan yuraiSelebis gaZlierebis dRea.“
ebu sufianma rac dasanaxi iyo, dainaxa da rac gasagoni
iyo gaigona. Semdeg ki dasZina; `me keisaric, mefec da batonic minaxavs, magram aseTi aRmatebuli araferi minaxavs.
me dRemde arasdros, aseT laSqarsa da sazogadoebas ar Sevxvedrivar. aseT jars win araferi aRudgeba. mas veravin
sZlevs.“
ebu sufiani (k.i.m.a) meqaSi dabrunda da warmarTebs ganucxada, rom is ukve muslimi iyo: „ei yureiSTa tomo! muhammedis (a.d.m.m.) jari imdenad Zlieri Cans, rom mis winaaRmdeg
wasvla warmoudgenelia, mas veraferi sZlevs, is ukve meqas
karebs moadga. tyuilubralod Tavi ar moityuoT. eziareT
islam, raTa gadarCeT. me is davinaxe, rac Tqven ar gixilavT. eniT aRuwereli SeiaraReba da mujahidebi davinaxe.
maT dasaZlevad Zala aravis
eyofa. vinc ebu sufianis
saxls Seafarebs Tavs, is daculi iqneba da sikvdils gadarCeba. vinc allahis saxlSi Tavs Seafarebs , is daculi iqneba yvelanairad da mas aranairi saSiSroeba moelis da vinc
saxlidan gareT ar gamova isic daculi iqneba yvelanairi
saSiSroebisagan.“
ebu sufianis am mimarTvis Semdeg yureiSTa mcire nawilma
ebu sufians winaaRmdegoba gauwia da da Seuracyofa miayena. maT muslimta winaaRmdeg saswrafod jaris Sekreba daiwyes. magram, maTi ricxvi Zalian mcire iyo, amitom verfers
miaRwies. umetesobam maT ar mousmina da saxlebSi gaiqca.
erTma nawilma ki mesjidi harams Seafara Tavi.
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j
Suamavali da Zvirfasi sahabeni zituvas dablobSi mividnen
da Seikribnen. sayvarel Suamavals Tvalwin maSinve 8 wlis
win gadatanili tanjva-wameba daudga. mas gaaxsenda, Tu rogor undodaT warmarTebs misi mokvla, Tu rogor Seafares,
sura iasinis Cakitxvis Semdeg man da abu baqrma Tavi sevris maRaros. meqis sazRvrebs gacilebuli, Tu rogor motrialda wminda qalaqisken da warmoTqva: „(e meqa!) RmerTs
vficav, rom Sen uzenaesi allahis mier gaCenil yvela mxareze
ukeTesi xar. allahisTvisac da CemTvisac yvelaze sayvareli
xar. ZaliT rom ar ganvedevneT, Sengan arasdros wavidodi da
arasdros migatovebdi.“ amis Semdeg jebrailma yasas suras
85 aieTi CaikiTxa da, mware mogonebebi Seumsubuqa da meqas aReva acnoba. allahis wminda Suamavali erTi muWa sahabeebiT bedirSi, uhudSi, hendeqSi, haiberSi, muTeSi allahis daxmarebiT urwmunota winaaRmdeg ibrZoda, axla ki mas
gars 12 aTas kaciani laSqari exvia da misgan meqaSi Sesvlis
brZanebas elodebodnen. man yvelafris gamo uzenaes allahs
madloba Seswira da Tavi dabla daxara.
sayvarelma Suamavalma mamaci sahabeebi oTx nawilad gayo.
marjvena flangi halid bin velids, marcxena flangi zubeir bin avvams, xolo qveiTTa jari ebu ubeide bin jerrahs
Caabara. meoTxe jfufis meTaurad ki sa’d bin ebi vayyasi
daniSna. halid bin velidi meqaSi samxreTidan unda Sesuliyo, da safas mTaze gamagrebuliyo. zubeiri qalaqSi CrdiloeTidan unda Sesuliyo, hajunis teritoriaze droSa
unda daerWo da Suamavals dalodeboda, xolo dasavleTidan qalaqi sa’d bin ubade (k.i.m.a.) unda daelaSqra.
allahis Suamavalma oTxive sardals Semdegi brZaneba misca: „araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar daesxaT Tavs da aravin moklaT,
Tu aravin SegebrZolebaT.~ ar unda magram TxuTmeti kaci
gamoikveTa da davalda rom, qabas safaris qveSac rom Sesuliyvnen isini unda moeklaT.
n
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meqas aReba
o
WeSmariteba moevlina, cru rwmena aRmoifxvra
ramadanis mecamete paraskevi dRe idga. halid bin velidis
nawili yvelaze adre, samxreTidan Sevida handenes mTebis
kalTebze. warmarTebma mas isrebi dauSines, ori jariskaci
Sehidad daeca. halid bin velidma brZaneba gasca, gaqceulebi ar moklaTo da Setevaze gadavida. kerpTayvanismcemlebi
moulodnelad ukan gaiqcnen. SejaxebaSi samocdaaTi warmarTi moikla. sxva danareCenma ki Tavi saxlebs Seafares.
meqaSi sxva flangebidan Sesul sahabeebs aranairi winaaRmdegoba SexvedriaT. viszec mokvlis brZaneba iyo gacemuli maTgan xuTi aiyvanes da dasajes. danarCenebi ki meqadan
gaiqcnen. mujahidebi meqaSi „TeqbirebiT“ Sevidnen. qusaze
amxedrebuli sayvareli Suamavali uzenaes allahs adidebda
da meqas aRebis momaswavlebel feTih suras kiTxulobda.
bednieri sayvareli Suamavali gamarjvebul sahabeebTn
erTad qaabasaken gaemarTa. marjvnidan ebu beqiris
marcxnidan useid bin hudairis TanxlebiT allahis saxls miuaxlovda. Savi qvis monaxulebis Semdeg, Telbie da Teqbiri
warmoTqves. mas sahabeebic ayvnen da allahu eqberis xmebma
meqas zeca Seazanzara. am saocari suraTis mnaxveli muslimni sixarulisgan tirodnen. haremi SerifSi da saxlebSi
TavSefarebulni ki SiSiT elodebodnen situaciis ganviTarebas.
Semdeg sayvarelma Suamavalma da sahabeebma tavafi daiwyes. tavafis Svidi Semovlis damTavrebis Semdeg sayvareli Suamavali aqlemidan Camovida da ibrahimis adgilze ori
muxli locva aRavlina. Semdeg abbasis mier Widan amoRebuli, zemzemis wyali dalia da abdesic am wyliT aiRo.
sayvarelma Suamavalma qaabas SemogarenSi qvisa da xisgan
gakeTebuli yvela kerpis ganadgureba brZana da Semdegi aiaTi warmoTqva: „roca WeSmariteba moefineba, cru rwmena aR-
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
moifxvreba, cru rwmena isedac warmavalia.“1 da dalocvili
joxiT kerpebisken gaiSvira.
yvela kerpi saTiTaod daamtvries. sul ki samas samoci
kerpi ganadgurda.
roca SuadRis locvis dro movida, sayvarelma Suamavalma
bilali habeSs qaabaSi ezanis wakiTxva daavala. bilali habeSma es wmidaTawmina davaleba maSinve Seasrula. rodesac
ezanis xma moesmaT muslimebs gulebi sixaruliT aevsoT,
warmarTebma ki aRar icodnen ra eqnaT, eznis xmis gagonebaze
satanjveli ematebodaT.
sayvarelma suamavalma qaabas gasaRebi iTxova. moutanes.
qaaba iq arsebuli suraTebisa da damtvreuli kerpebisgand
gaaTavisufles, gawmindes, Semdeg ki Suamavali usame bin
zeidis, bilalisa da osman bin talhas TanxlebiT allahis
saxlSi Sevida da ori muxli namazi iloca. bolos yvela
kuTxeSi „Teqbiri“ warmoTqva da allahs Seevedra. halid bin
velidi karebTan idga da situacias akontrolebda.
sayvarel Suamavals qaabas karis orive mxares xelebi CaeWida da iq myof yureiSelebs ise akvirdeboda. xolo isini mas Tan SiSiT da Tanac imediT Sescqerodnen. maT xom
Suamavlis megobrebs (muslimebs) eniTauwereli tanjva miayenes. kiserze Toks abamdnen da quCaSi ise daatarebdnen,
cecxlSi agdebdnen, mucelze cxel qvebs uwyobdnen, sami
wlis ganmavlobaSi, erT-erT ubanSi Caketesda uwylod da
upurod amyofes, es yvelaferi ar ikmares da samSoblodan
gandevnes, ramdenjerme Suamavlis likvidaciac ki scades.
magram yvelafris miuxedavad, urwmunoni imeds ar kargavdnen. vinaidan maT winaSe, dedamiwaze Semwyaleblad warmogzavnili Suamavali idga. sayvarelma Suamavalma man cota
xans uxmod uyura, Semde ki mimarTa: `yureiSelTa sazogadoebav, iciT Tu ara ra mogeliT?“ maT miuges; „Sengan sikeTes
n
444 1. sura isra 81.
meqas aReba
o
moveliT. radganac Sen mwyaloblad gamogzavnili Suamavali
xar. Sen kargi, saukeTeso megobris Svili xar. Cven davmarcxdiT, magram Sengan sikeTis gakeTebas moveliT “
sayvarelma Suamavalma gaiRima da brZana: „Cemi da Tqveni
mdgomareoba, iusuf Suamavlisa da misi Zmebis mdgomareobas
Camogavs. iusufis msgavsad arc me dagZraxavT. uzenaesma allahma SegindoT Tqven. wadiT, Tavisufalni xarT.“2
aseTma udidesma Sembraleblobam, rkinis gulebi Searbila
da siZulvili siyvarulad gadaaqcia. roca allahis Suamavalma isini islamisken moixmo, yvela yvela erT adgilze
Segrovda. sayvareli Suamavali safas mTaze kidev erTxel
avida da iq yvelam, didma Tu pataram allahis mier gardmovlenili religiis islamis mimarT morCileba gamoacxades. amiT yureiSelebma sahabeebs Soris Rirseuli da sapatio adgili daikaves.
roca mamakacebs sityva CamoarTva, bevr rameSi allahis
Suamavali qalebsac SeuTanxmda. kerZod, maT piroba dades,
rom uzenaes allahs araviTar moziares ar gauCendnen, Suamavals ar SeeewinaaRmdegebodnen, ar moiparavdnen, sindissa
da namuss daicavdnen, qaliSvilebs ar moklavdnen. mosaklavTa siaSi ebu sufianis meuRle hindic iyo, magram allahis
Suamavalma mas apatia. yvela muslimma saxlebSi kerpebi
daamtvria. meqas SemogarenSi wargzavnilni iyvnen sahabeebi,
romelTac kerpebi mTlianad gaanadgures. amgvarad, WeSmaritebis movleniT cru rwmenas fesvebi amoeZirkva. islams ebu
jehilis Svili iqrime, hamzas (k.i.m.a.) mkvleli vahSi da maTi
msgavsi bevri adamiani eziara. eqrime iermuqis omSi Sehidi
gaxda. vahSim iemenis omSi museilemeTul qezzabi mokvla.
2. sura iusufi92.
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
huneinis brZola
roca sayvareli Suamavali urwmunoTa Sesamusrad
medinadan gamovida. meqas SemogarenSi mcxovrebm, havazisa da
sayifis orma udidesma tomma eWvi aiRo muslimebi CvenTan
saomrad modiano da saomari samzadisi daiwyes. magram, roca
muslimebi meqaSi Cavidnen da qalaqi aiRes cotaTi damSvidnen, magram eWvebi mainc ar asvenebdaT, fiqrobdnen, muslimebi axla wamovlen Cven gasanadgureblado da omisTvis
samzadisi xelmeored daiwyes, Tanac gaiZasxodnen, jer muslimebs kargi meomrebi ar SexvedriaT da Cven vaCvenebT magaT, omi ra ariso. havazis marTvel, maliq bin avfis meTaurobiT 20 000 kacianma laSqarma samzadisi daamTavra. jars
simxnevisaTvis tomis mTeli qoneba, aseve qalebi da bavSvebi
Tan axlda.
am ambavma meqaSi CaaRwia. sayvarelma Suamavalma, informaciis dasadastureblad, abdullah bin ebi hadredi hevazis
tomTan gagzavna. abdullam samosi gamoicvala da mtris ZalebSi SeaRwia. yvelafers dawvrilebiT gaigo da Suamavals
acnoba.
sayvarelma Suamavalma maSinve sahabeebi Sekriba. meqas gubernatorad 20 wlis aTab bin esedi daniSna da gzas gaudga.
sayvarel Suamavals surda, 12 000 kaciani laSqriT maTive
banakebSi hevazisa da sayifis tomebs Tavs dasxmoda... mujahiddebis droSa alis hqonda aRmarTuli. dasazverad gagzavnili qvedanayofis sardali halid bin velidi iyo. sayvarel
Suamavals muzaradi da jaWvis perangi ecva da duldulze
ijda. Sevvvalis Tvis 11-Si huneinis dablobs miaRwies. im
Rames sayvarelma Suamavalma jars taqtika gaacno da dilaadrianad ieriSi miitanes.
kerpTayvanismcemelTa sardalma Rame kargad gamoiyena da
huneis dablobis or kalTaze jari Caasafra. dasazverad win
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wasulma halid bin velidma es ambavi ar icoda da uReltexilisken cxeniT gaeqana. jer kidev bneloda, amitomac
mtris danaxva ver SeZlo. uceb aTasobiT isari mujahidebisken wvimasaviT wamovida. Seqmnili arasaxarbielo viTarebis gamo muslimebma ukan daixies. daugegmavma ukan daxevam
ukana rigebSi problemebi Seqmna. roca ukana rigebmac ukan
daxeva daiwyes, uceb maT kerpTayvanismcemelTa ociaTasiani laSqari mexiviT daatydaT Tavs.
sayvareli Suamavali saomrad win gavarda. mxolod abbass, ebu beqirsa da asamde mujahids eyo gambedaoba da SuamavalTan erTad sabrZolvelad wavidnen. sahabeebi farad
gadaiqcnen da Suamavals icavdnen. abbasma da sufian bin harisma Suamavlis SeCereba scades. allahis Suamavali swyinda rom, allahis mier samyaros gadasarCenad gamogzavnili
religiis ligvidaciisagan eSinoda amitomac abbasis mimarTa; „ei abbas! Sen maT „ei medinas mkvidrno! ei semuras xis qveS
sityvis mimcemno sahabeebo!“ aseTnairad mimarTe maT!“ wminda
abbasi mZlavri aRnagobis adamiani iyo. rodesac daiyvirebda, misi xma Zalian Sors ismoda. igi xmamaRla gahyviroda:
`medinas mkvidrno! samiras xis qveS sityvis mimcemno, sahabeno! ar daiSaloT. aq mogrovdiT.“ ukan mobruneba scades magram mxedrebma xeli SeuSales. bolos xmal abjari aiRes da
cxovelebidan Camovidnen. saCqarod Suamavlis gverdiT dadgnen da Setevaze gadavidnen. „allahu eqber! allahu eqber!is xmebma ca da dedamiwa SesZra. bedirSi, uhudSi, hendeqsa
da heyberSi mebrZoli, gmiri sahabeebi, gansakuTrebiT ali,
ebu dujane, zubeir bin avvammi aqac gmirulad ibrZodnen da
mtris mwkrivebs arRvevdnen.
sayvareli Suamavali yuradRebiT akvirdeboda omis mimdinareobas da uzenaes allahs evedreboda: „RmerTo Cemo,
daxmareba gamogvigzavne, ueWvelad, Sen maTi gamarjveba ar
ginda.“ man am dros erTi muWa qviSa aiRo, warmoTqva, saxeebi
gauSavdeTo da urwmunoTa laSqaris mimarTulebiT isrola.
448 yvela warmarTi mebrZolis Tvalebi qviSiT amoivso, es iyo
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uzenaesi allahis mier SuamavlisTvis miniWebuli saswaulmoqmedis unaris gamovlineba. muslimebs angelozebic exmarebodnen. sayvarelma Suamavalma brZana: `uzenaes allahs
vficav, rom maT waages.“ warmarTebma ukan daxeva daiwyes da
rodesac sahabeebi gadamwyvet ieriSze gadavidnen, maT mTeli qoneba bavSvebi da qalebi miatoves da ukanmouxedavad
gaiqcnen.
brZolis velze urwmunoebma samoci cxedari, eqvsi aTasi
tyve da auarebeli qoneba datoves gaqceulTagan zogierTma da maT Soris sardalma maliq bin avfim, Tavi taifis cixesimagres Seafara. erTi nawili ki nahleSi evTassSi wavidnen.
sahabeebma garkveul manZilze maT fexdafex miyvnen. evTasSi
isev gacxarda omi. mteri kidev erTxel damarcxda da isev
ukan gaiqca.
am omSi uzenaesi allahis nebiTa da Suamavalze gardmovlenili sikeTiT muslimebma gaimarjves. oTxi mujahidi
gmirulad daeca, zogierTi sahabe da maT Soris halid bin
velidic, daiWra. Suamavalma halidis daWris ambavi gaigo,
masTan mivida, xeli mousva da Wriloba gaumTela.
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taifis brZolaa
sayvarel Suamavals surda rom, gaqceulebs dadevneboda
da amas raRac Sedegi gamoeRo, meqas maxloblad aRmarTuli
es cixesimagre yvelaze mZlavri da auRebeli iyo. sayvareli
Suamavali hijreTis win taifSi Casula da uqadagnia. magram
taifelebma Suamavali Seuracxyves da sastikad gauswordnen. esec ar ikmares, Suamavals fexebidan sisxli adines.
sayvarelma Suamavalma zeid bin harisTan erTad cxovrebis
yvelaze cudi wamebi iq gaatara.
man halid bin velidi win gauSva. isic sahabeebTan erTad
taifs miadga. sayifis toms auRebel cixesimagreSi uamaravi
saWmel-sasmeli winaswar hqonda Setanili da rodesac islamis laSqari dainaxes karebi daketes da Tavdacvaze gadavidnen. cixe-simagres vinc miuaxlovdeboda, isrebiT igeriebdnen.cdilobdnen. omi ase gagrZelda. taifelebi omis velze
gamosvlas da piris-pir Sejaxebas ver bedavdnen.
sahabeebidan zogierTma Suamavals SesTavaza, rom, katapulta (tarabua=qvis satyorcni) gamoeyenebinaT. Suamavalma
es SeTavazeba miiRo da Tanamimdevrebs katapultebis gamarTva daavala. alya aseTnairad qvebis tyorcniT gagrZelda. sahabeebi yvelanairad cdilobdnen cixe simagris aRebas.
am Setevis dros 14 sahabe Sehidis gaxda, magram cixe-simagris simtkice mis aRebas aZnelebda.
alyis dawyebidan meoce dRes Suamavalma sizmari naxa, sizmarSi karaqiT savse erTi Tasi mamalma niskartiT daaqcia.
Suamavalis ganmartebiT es sizmari mianiSnebda, rom am wels
taifs ver aiRebdnen da alya moxsna.
Sewyalebis okeanem, sayvarelma Suamavalma 8 wlis win, taifelebisgan didi tanjva gadaitana, angelozma Suamavals mimarTa, Tu isurveb taifelebs gavacamtverebo. Suamavalma
upasuxa: `me dedamiwas wyalobad movevline. mxolod erTi ram
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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msurs, am warmarTebma uzenaes allahs araferi gautolon da
mat moemsaxuron.~ Semdeg ki allahs Seevedra; „RmerTo Cemo!
am xalxs WeSmariti gza aCvene! isini Cven gvaCuqe!~
sayvarelma Suamavalma taifi miatova, huneieSi xelSiCagdebuli, tyveebi da nadavli Sekreba da jiraneSi Cavida.
eqvsi aTas tyvesTan erTad 20 000-ze meti msxvilfexa da
ormoci aTasze meti wvrilfexa cxoveli, aseve aRuricxavi
samkaulebi Seadgenda maT nadavls.. am dros movida informacia, rom hevazis tomidan erTma delegaciam SuamavalTa
Sexvedris survili gamoTqva. kacobriobis siamayem isini miiRo. delegaciam mas amcno, mTelma hevazis tomma islami
aRiara.Suamavali am ambavma Zalian gaaxara. man am tomisgan
ayvanili tyveebi gaaTavisufla. sahabeebmac igive gaakeTes.
Suamavlis mier gamoCenili amgvari sibraluli eqvsi aTasi
tyvis gaTavisuflebis mizezi gaxda. roca es ambavi taifSi
Sefarebulma hevazis tomis liderma Seityo, isic movida da
islami aRiara. allahis Suamavalma mas didi pativi dasdo.
aq gasakeTebeli aRaraferi darCeniliyo. samyaros sulTani, rogorc yovelTvis, axlac sahabeebtan erTad meqaSi
gamarjvebuli dabrunda. aTTan bin esidi meqaSi gubernatoraT daniSna. muaz bin jebeli religiuri sakiTxebis maswavleblad datova. umres Sesrulebisa da tavafis gakeTebis
Semdeg sahabeebTan erTad medinasken aiRo gezi.
erTi wlis Semdeg taifelebma 6 kaciani delegacia SuamavalTan gamoagzavnes, Suamavalma isini miiRo. rodesac is
erTi wlis win taifs tovebda, uzenaes allahs Seevedra;
“„RmerTo Cemo! sayifelebs WeSmariti gza aCvene! isini Cven
gvaCuqe!.~ axla xom isini, islamis misarebad iyvnen mosuli.
Suamavali Zalian gaaxara maTma gamuslimebam. isini daasaCuqra da ukan taifSi gaagzavna. gubernatorad ki osman bin
ebil asi dauniSna.
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taifis brZola
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Tebuqis laSqroba
roca sayvareli Suamavali medinaSi CamobrZanda, sxvadasxva
saxelmwifoebSi elCebi wargzavna da am qveynis mmarTvelebs
islamis mirebisken mouwoda. bahreinis mefe ummanim mTeli
Tavisi amaliT islami miiRo. sxvaTa Soris, medinaSic bevri
delegacia Cavida, allahis Suamavals daeqvemdebarnen da
amiTbednierebas ewivnen.
islami axla ukve didi siswrafiT vrceldeboda. mezobel
tomebTan da saxemwifoebTan religiis ZiriTadi mcnebebis
Sesaswavlelad maswavleblebi waragzavnes, aseve yvela axlad gamuslimebul saxemwifoSi gubernatorebi dainiSna. hijreTis mecxre wels medina delegaciebiT aivso.
hijreTis mecxre wels rejebis Tve idga. erT dRes allahis Suamavalma sahabeebs mimarTa; „dRes erTi Cveni gulwrfeli megobari gardaicvala.~ wavideT da locva aRvavlinoT misdami. sayvarelma Suamavalma cxedris gareSe locva
aRavlina, Semdeg ki brZana; „Tqveni Zma nejaSi eshamesaTvis
uzenaes allahs miteveba SevTxoveT.“
cota xnis mere eTiopiidan movida ambavi, romelic nejaSis gardacvalebas amtkicebda. Suamavlis mier aRvlenili
locva swored misi gardacvalebis dRes emTxvevoda.
islami arabeTis naxevarkunZulze hijreTis mecxre wels
didi siswrafiT vrceldeboda „islamis saxemwifos“ gaZlierebasa da amave dros TavianT mimdevarTa dakargvas mezobeli, veberTela saxemwifoebi ver itandnen. es gansakuTrebiT
bizantiis imperias Seexeboda. qristianma arabebma herakliuss gaugzavnes werili, romelSic ewera: „is pirovneba, romelic Tavis Suamavlobas amtkicebda, gardaicvala. muslimebi
gaWirvebaSi arian Cavardnilni... Tuki gsurs maTi gaqristianeba, amisTvis saukeTeso dro swored axla aris.“ am weril454 ze dayrdnobiT herakliusma 40 000 kaciani laSqari, qubadis
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meTaurobiT muslimebis winaaRmdeg saomrad gagzavna.
rodesac Suamavalma es ambavi Seityo sahabeebi Sekriba
da omisTvis mzadebis dawyeba daavala. am wels, gvalvebis
gamo muslimebi did gaWirvebaSi imyofebodnen. mxolod movaWreTa mdgomareoba iyo SedarebiT normaluri. sahabeebma Suamavlisgan SeiaraRebisaTvis cotaodeni materialuri
daxmareba iTxoves. Suamavalma sahabeebis am survilis gansaxorcieleblad moqmedeba maSinve daiwyo. yvelas is unda
moetana, rac ebada, materialurad da sulierad am omSi
monawileoba yvelas unda mieRo.
Suamavlis saukeTeso megobarma, wminda ebu beqirma, mTeli qoneba am saqmes Sewira. kacobriobis siamayem mas hkiTxa:
„ojaxis wevrebs ra dautove, ebu beqir?“, man ki Semdegnairad
upasuxa; „allahi da misi Suamavali davutove .“ wminda omarma qonebis naxevari moitana, Suamavalma masac igive kiTxva
dausva: „ojaxis wevrebs ra dautove, omar?“ „rac movitane,
imdenive davutove.~ _ miugo wminda omarma. sayvarelma Suamavalma Tqva: „Tqvens ors Soris gansxvaveba, Tqven mier mocemuli pasuxis msgavsia.“ wminda omarma aRniSna: „Cemi Tavi
genacvalos ebu beqr! sikeTis gzaze yvela SejibrSi mamarcxeb. ukve gavige, rom Sen veranairad gagiswreb verc erTSejibrSi.“
sahabeebma rac SeeZloT, yvelaferi gaakeTes. magram farisevlebi maT dascinodnen, Tqven yvelafers saCveneblad
gascemTo. allahis Suamavalma Tqva: „vinc dRes mowyalebas
gascems, misi mowyaleba aRdgomis dRes uzenaesi allahis winaSe mis sakeTildReod mowmeobas gaswevs.“ sayvareli Suamavlis am sityvebis Semdgom morwmuneebma ufro meti mowyaleba
gasces. osman bin affanma jaris mesamedi SeaiaraRa. amgvarad
wminda osmani muslimebs yvelaze metad daexmara. man yvela
jariskacis SeiaraRebaSi sul umniSvnelo raRacaebic Caalaga da ise gadasca. am daxmarebis Semdeg allahis Suamavalma
brZana: „dReis Semdeg, osmans codva aRar daewereba.“ Raribi
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sahabeebidan erT-erTma, jihadis daxmarebis madlis gamo im
Rames dilamde hxurmis baRCaSi wyali zida, gamomuSavebuli
xurma Suamavals miarTva.
muslimma mamakacebma, SeZlebisdagvarad, daxmareba gaiRes,
maT arc dedakacebi CamorCnen.
rodesac Tebuqis laSqrobisTvis emzadebodnen, muslimebi
Zalian gaWirvebul mdgomareobaSi imyofebodnen. zogierTi
sahabe SuamavalTan mivida da uTxra: „allhis Suamavalo!
qveiTad davrCiT, cxenebi ver vipoveT, da Tan saWmel-sasmelic ver viSoveT! magram am omSi TqvenTan erTad monawileobis
miReba da madlis mogeba gvsurs.~ damwuxrebulma Suamavalma
maT amcno, rom cxenebi da aqlemebi aRar darCaT. erTxel salim bin umeiri, abdullah bin mugaffeli, ebu leyla mazini,
ulbe bin zeidi, amr bin humani, harem bin abdulla da irbad
bin sarie, sayvareli Suamavlis winaSe warsdgnen da igives
iTxovdnen. Suamavalma maTac igive uTxra; „verafers vnaxulob, rom Tqven gadasaadgileblad gamogadgeT.“ isini Suamavalisgan gancalkevebiT yofnisa da jihadSi monawileobis
vermiRebis gamo imdenad damwuxrdnen, rom tirili daiwyes.
amis Taobaze uzenaesma allahma aiaTi gardmoavlina; „aseve
imaT ar moekiTxebaT, vinc SenTan movida da sajdomi cxovelebi gTxova, Sen ki uTxari: TqvenTvis cxovelebi ar momeZebnebao. Tvalcremlianni gabrundnen, damwuxrebulebi imiT, rom
ver moipoves saxsrebi SewirulobisTvis.~1 laSqrobisaTvis
mzadeba abasmac da osmanmac daiwyes.
rodesac samzadisi dasrulda Suamavalma laSqari senieTul vedaSi Sekriba. medinaSi Tavis warmomadgenlad muhammed bin mesleme datova TviTon ki jarTan erTad gzas daadga.
rodesac muslimTa laSqari daiZra, farisevelTa meTaurma abdullah bin ubeiem, muslimebis SesaSineblad, bilwi sityva warmoTqva. garda amisa igi ambobda; „vficav, rom mas da
456 1. Tevbe 92.
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sahabeebs erTmaneTze gadabmuls vxedav...“ sahabeebi maT saerTod ar usmendnen, maTSi omSi monawileobis survili ufro
matulobda. amis damnaxveli farisevlebi ki itanjebodnen.
rodesac allahis Suamavalma senieT-ul vedadan Tebuqisaken daiZra, jars droSebi aaRmarTvina. yvelaze didi alami ebu beqirs ekava xelSi, yvelaze didi droSa ki, zubeir
bin avvams hqonda aRmarTuli. Suamavlis mTavarsardlobiT
muslimTa jaris raodenoba ocdaaTiaTas kacs aRemateboda,
aqedan cxenosanTa ricxvi 10 000 kacs Seadgenda. marjvena
flangs talha bin ubeidullahi sardlobda, xolo marcxenas abdurrahman bin avfi.
Suamavalis meTaurobiT sahabeebi Zlier sicxeSi daiZrnen Tebuqisaken. rradganac maTi meTauri uzenaesi allahis
yvelaze sayvareli msaxuri iyo, maT aRarc sagalis Sovnis,
aRarc gzis siSoris da aRarc mravalricxovani laSqris
eSinodaT.
sayvareli Suamavali da Zvirfasi sahabeebi gzaze banaks
gaSlidnen, cota xniT isvenebdnen da Semdeg isev gzas agrZelebdnen. rigiT merve dasabanakebeli adgili salih Suamavlis (a.d.m.m.) xalxis sacxovrebeli adgili iyo, sadac isini
mTlianad ganadgurdnen. am teritorias hijrids eZaxdnen.
maT ara daujeres maTTvis uzenaesi allahis mier wargzavnil Suamavals, amitomac uzenaesma allahma erTi saihaTi
(saSiSi xma) gaanadgura. allahis sayvarelma muhammed Suamavalma sahabeebs mimarTa; „amaRam Zlieri da ukuRmarTi mxridan qariSxali amovardeba. aravin wamodges fexze. aqlemebi
yvelam daabas. es is adgilia, sadac uzenaesi allahis mrixaneba moevlina. es wyali aravin dalios da amiT aravin ganibanos!~ am brZanebas yvela daemorCila. RameiT amovardnilma
qariSxalma yvelaferi miwasTan gaswogaaswora. erT-erTma
muslimma aqlemi ar daaba da rodesac mis sanaxavad wasvla
daapira, fexze wamodga, am dros igi qariSxalma aitaca da
tais mTis kalTebze aagdo. meorem ki, fexis gzaSi gavi-
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
da, difteria Seeyara, magram Suamavlis SelocviT
jamrTelda.
j
gamo-
am dros wyali WurWelSi mTlianad gaTavebuliyo. yvela
wyurviliT ixCoboda... farisevelebma es mizezi gamoiyenes
da panikis Seqmnas cdilobdnen. maT Tqves: „muhammedi namdvili resuli rom iyos, Seevedreba da gaawvimebs.“ rodesac
viTareba Suamavals gaacnes, dalocvili xelebi zemoT aRmarTa da uzenaes allahs gawvimeba SesTxova. mcxunvare da
mowmendil caze maSinve Rrublebi gaCnda. baraqiani wvimamovida. yvelam wyliT WurWlebi gaavso, ganibanes (abdesi
aiRes) da cxovelebi daarwyules. rodesac wvimma gadaiRo
da Rrublebi gaifanta naTlad gamoCnda, rom mxolod iq gawvimda, sadac muslimTa laSqari iyo dabanakebuli. sayvarelma Suamavalma da sahabeebma „Teqbiri=allahu eqber=allahi
uzenaesia (yvelaferi ZaluZs)“ warmoTqves. uzenaes allahs
madloba Seswires. farisevlebs ki, wesiT, saTqmelic aRar
unda darCenodaT. sahabeebma maT uTxres, uzenaesi allahi iwameT da Suamavals daemorCileTo!... magram usamarTlo
farisevlbma miuges, mere ra moxda, Rrublebis gavlis dros
gawvimdao.
yvelas Zalian Sioda. imdenad, rom erT hurmas ori kaci
iyofda da ise miirTmevda. Zlieri sicxis, SimSilisa da wyurvilis miuxedavad, Tebuqs miuaxlovdnen. sayvarelma Suamavalma brZana: „xval, RmerTis nebiT, SuadRemde Tebuqis wyarosTan unda mivideT. Cems mosvlamde wyals ar gaekaroT“.
meore dRes iqamde miaRwies. wyaroSi wyali Zalian cota iyo.
is WurWelSi Caasxmevina, Semdeg Seuloca da isev wyaroSi
Caabrunebina... wyali ucbad adidda. ocdaaTi aTasma kacma am
wyarodan dalia, magram wyals saerTod araferi moklebia.
Semdeg, rogorc sayvareli Suamavlis saocreba, mTeli es
teritoria moirwyo, abibinda da xvav _ baraqiT aivso.
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roca, ukeTilSobilesma Suamavalma da pativcemulma sahabeebma Tebuqs miaRwies, bizantielebis mier gaqristiane-
Tebuqis brZola
o
buli, amilas, lahmisa da juzamas arabi tomebisagan jari
aRar daxvdaT. muTeSi xom damarcxda, samiaTas kacian muslimTa laSqaris winaaRmdeg asiaTas kaciani bizantiis laSqari. axla ki, islamis mona-msaxurTa ricxvi aTjer aRemateboda winandels da Tanac maT saTaveSi sayvareli Suamavali
muxammedi (a.d.m.m.) edgaT. rodesac bizantielebma gaigones,
muhammedi modis Tavisi jariTo, ukanmouxedavad gaiqcnen.
sayvarelma Suamavalma sahabebTan moiTaTbira da Tebuqs aRar gascda. amasobaSi am olqSi mcxovrebma zogierTma
tomma da saxelmwifom, rodesac islamis jaris TebuqSi Camosvla gaiges, SiSis gamo SuamavalTan (a.d.m.m.) delegaciebi
gagzavnes, xarkis gadaxdis sanacvlod, usafrTxoeba iTxoves. Suamavalma miiRo maT mier SemoTavazebuli winadadeba
da cal-calke yvelasTan xelSekrulebis gaformebis Semdeg
maT usafrTxoebis garantia misca.
Casafreba
sayvareli Suamavali daaxloebiT oci dRe eloda mters.
TebuqSi sahabeebs uamravi qadageba Cautara, gulebi gaunaTa. aseTnairad maT islamis ZiriTadi safuZvlebi Seusisxlxorca. erT-erTi qadagebis dros sahabeebs ase mimarTa
mimarTa: „gsurT Tu ara mogaxsenoT vin aris yvelaze saukeTeso adamiani?“ ra Tqma unda gvsurso, miuges maT; „yvelaze
ukeTesi adamiani isaa vinc, cxenze an aqlemze amxedrebuli, an
kidev fexze mdgomi, bolo amosunTqvamde uzenaesi allahis
gzaze gairjeba. yvelaze cudi adamiani ki is aris vinc, uzenaesi allhis mier boZebul wigns kiTxulobs da misgan sargebels
ver naxulobs,~ _ brZana allahis wminda Suamavalma .
erTi maTgani mas Sehidobis Sesaxeb SeekiTxa, Suamavalma
Tqva: „Cemi sulis patrons uzenaes allahs vficav, rom, Sehidebi aRdgomis dRes, kiserze xmlebCamokidebulni aRsdgebian da yvelaze naTel sadgilebze dasxdebian“.
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rodesac Tebuqidan medinaSi dabrunebas apirebdnen, imdenad SiodaT, rom, amis Sesaxeb Suamavals acnobes. man
saWmlis narCenebi tyavis safenze Seagrova, abdesi aiRo da
ori muxli namazi iloca. Semdeg xelebi maRla aRapyro da
saWmlis baraqianobisaTvis uzenaes allahs Seevedra. WurWeli sahabeebs moatanina. rodesac uzarmazari laSqari kargad gamoZRa, magida jer kide savse iyo.
meomrebi Tebuqidan medinasaken daiZren. am Rames farisevlebma Suamavalis mokvla gadawyvites, viwro gadasasvlelSi
Causafrdnen da mis gamovlas daelodnen. Suamavalis aqlems
win ammar bin iaseri miuZRoda xolo ukan wminda huzeife bin
yemeni miyveboda. am Casafrebis Sesaxeb sayvarel Suamavals
jebrailma acnoba. rodesac isini farisevlebs gauswordnen, maT saxeSeniRbulebma SeniRbmulebma Suamavalze ieriSi
miitanes. huzeifem maT SeuZaxa; „hei, Tqven uzenaesi allahis mtrebo!“ da kombliT xelSi daeria. mismayvirilma Tormeti fariseveli Zalian daafrTxo da isinic umalve laSqarSi Seerivnen. sayvarelma Suamavalma maTi saxelebi huzeifes
uTxra da Tan gaafrTxila saidumlod Seenaxa. rodesac es
ambavi useid bin hudarem gaigo, sayvarel SuamavalTan mivida da sTxova, rom misTvis moRalateTa saxelebi eTqva,
raTa yvelasaTvis Tavi moekveTa, magram sayvarelma Suamavalma igi uariT gaistumra.
diraris meCeTi
bolosdabolos sayvarelma Suamavali da keTilismqmneli
sahabebi, romelTac bizantielebi SeaSines, wminda medinas
miuaxlovdnen. sayvarelma Suamavalma, medinasTan axlos,
zivanSi sahabeebs Sesveneba ubrZana. rodesac sahabeebi isvenebdnen, ramdenime fariseveli, sayvarel SuamavalTan mivida da diraros meCeTis monaxuleba Txova.
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diraris meCeTi qubas midamoSi iyo ganTavsebuli. is farisevelebma hijreTis dros qubaSi agebuli meCeTis mopirda-
Tebuqis brZola
o
pired aages. rodesac Suamavali TebuqSi salaSqrod miemarTeboda farisevelbma, Suamavals diraris meCeTSi misvla da
locvis aRvlena SesTavazes, Suamavalma piroba misca maT,
rom Tebuqidan dabrunebis Semdeg meCeTSi mividoda.
farisevelebis mizani is iyo, rom muslimebSi SuRli CamoegdoT da isini erTmaneTisTvis waekidebinaT. aseve maT bizantielebs SesTavazes, CamodiT da muslimTa ganadgurebaSi
dagexmarebiTo. maT surdaT aseTive niadagis fonze muslimebis ankesze wamogevba.
allahis Suamavalma es mipatiJeba miiRo da wasvlas apirebda, magram uzenaesma allahma Tevbe suras 107-108 aiaTebi gardmoavlina da farisevelta borot zraxvebs farda
axada. amis Semdeg Suamavalma maliq bin duhSumsa da asim
bin adies ubrZana, am tirani xalxis mier agebul meCeTTan
midiT da miwasTan gaasworeTo, isini saRamosa da da Ziliswina locvebs Soris meCeTTan mividnen da cecxli waukides,
Semdeg ki miwasTan gaaswores. farisevlebsa xmac ar amouRiaT. amoiRes.
rodesac medinas mcxovreblebma sayvareli Suamavlisa da
pativcemuli sahabeebis ukan dabrunebis ambavi gaiges, maT
zar-zeimiT Seegebnen.
Tebuqis laSqrobidan ori Tvis Semdeg fariseveleTa lideri abdullah bin ubeie gardaicvala da es jgufi daiSala.
amgvarad mxolod farisevelobis, warmarTobisa da urwmunoebis saTaveebi ganadgurebuli iqna da islamis winaaRmdeg
yvela barieri daimsxvra.
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Suamavalis ukanaskneli hajoba
islamis xuT burjTagan erT-erTi haji (piligrimoba) hijreTis mecxre wels muslimebisTvis savaldebulo gaxda.
wminda yuranSi naTqvamia: „iqaa (qaabaSi) cxadi saswaulebi ibrahimis adgili. da vinc masSi Seva, igi daculia da allahis
winaSe xalxis valia moilocos am saxlSi, visac SeuZlia, gza
rom daZlios (visac Zala Seswevs). xolo visac ar swams, allahi diaxac ar saWiroebs samyaroTa! (allahi aravizea damokidebuli piriqiT yvela maszea damokidebuli).~1
sayvarelma Suamavalma sahabeebs uzenaesi allahis brZanebebi amcno. im wels ebu beqiris meTaurobiT samasma kacma
es brZaneba Seasrula da meqaSi gaemgzavra. am dros Tevbe
suras wina aieTebi gardmoevlina. am aieTebSi ultimatumis
Sesaxeb zogierTi kanonebi emcno. sayvarelma Suamavalma meqaSi myofi sahabeebisTvis am aieTebis gasacnobad
ali
gaagzavna.
am periodSi arabebs Soris gavrcelebuli adaTis mixedviT,
Tuki SeTanxmeba daideboda an dadebuli SeTanxmeba dairRvevoda amas Tavad SeTanxmebis damdebi an mis mier daniSnuli
naTesavi acxadebda. sayvarelma Suamavalma, am saqmisaTvis
meqaSi ali gaagzavna. wminda ali piligrimebs gzaSi wamoewia
da meqaSi erTad Sevidnen.
ebube qirma huTbe(qadageba) waikiTxa da piligrimebs auxsna, Tu ra unda gaekeTebinaT hajis dros. rodesac muslimebi
hajs asrulebdnen, wminda alim minaSi, „aqabe jebreSi“ huTbe
waikiTxa.
„adamianno! me TqvenTan Suamavalma warmagzavna“ _ ase daiwyo man saubari da sura Tevbes pirveli aieTi waikiTxa. Semdeg man Tqva: „me valdbuli var, oTxi ram gamcnoT:
1. sura ali Rimrani 97.
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1-veravin moxvdeba samoTxeSi garda morwmunisa.
2-am wlis Semdeg, warmarTebi qaabas veRar miuaxlovdebian.
3- SiSveli qaabas veRaravin Semouars. (warmarTebi SiSveli qaabas uvlidnen).
4-Tuki SuamavalTan vinmes raime SeTanxmeba aqvs dadebuli, vadis amowurvamde SeTanxmeba ZalaSia. amis garda oTxi
Tve dro maT. amis Semdeg arcerT warmarTTan SeTanxmeba
aRar daideba da isini daculni aRar iqnebian.
am dRis Semdeg arcerT warmarTs qaaba aRar mounaxulebia
da aRarc SiSvels qaabasTvis gars aRar Semouvlia. am sakiTxebis gacnobis Semdeg warmarTTa umravlesoba muslimi
gaxda. piligrimobis Sesrulebis Semdeg ebubeqiri da ali
sahabeebTan erTad medinaSi dabrundnen.
hijreTis meaTe wlisaTvis islami mTel arabeTis naxevar
kunZulze gavrcelda. medinasaken daiZra xalxis nakadi yvela arabuli qveynidan; erTmaneTs ejibrebodnen islamTan
ziarebasa da maradiuli sasufevlis mopovebisaTvis. arabeTis naxevarkunZulze ukve aRaravin iyo iseTi, vinc islamis
winaaRmdeg amxedrdeboda. islami mxolod zogierTma iudevelma da qristianma tomma ar miiRo.
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sayvarelma Suamavalma hijreTis meaTe wels, halid inbi
velidis meTaurobiT 400 aTasi jariskaci iemenSi, harisis
Svilebis islamisken mosaxmobad wargzavna. halid ibni velidma, sayvareli Suamavlis brZanebis Tanaxmad am toms sami
dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi islami uqadaga da isinic islams
eziarnen. aseve am wels sayvarelma Suamavalma nejranis qristianebTan samSvidobis zavi dado. amaTgan zogierTi SemdgomSi Tavad eziara islams. am welsve ali ibni Talibi,
samasi sahabesTan erTad iemenSi arsebuli medlejis tomisTvis islamis saqadageblad warigzavnen. Tavdapirvelad
isini uarze iyvnen, magram Semdeg islami miiRes. sayvarelma
Suamavlis ukanaskneli hajoba
o
Suamavalma, am wels, yvela muslimanur mxareSi marTvelebi
daniSna.
hijreTis meaTe wels sayverlma Suamavalma, hajisaTvis
samzadisi daiwyo da medinel muslimebsac igives gakeTeba
ubrZana. medinas gareT myofTac Setyobineba gaugzavna. qalaqSi aTasobiT muslimma moiyara Tavi rodesac samzadisi
dasrulda, sayvarelma Suamavali zilyaRdes 25-e dRes 40 000
kaciani qaravniT, SuadRis locvis Semdeg, medinadan daiZra.
sayvareli Suamavali uzenaes allahs ase Seevedra: `RmerTo
Cemo! miiRe Cvengan es haji.~ Semdeg ihramSi Sevidada jebrailis STagonebiT Telbies warmoTqma daiwyo. mas sahabeebic
SeuerTdnen da Telbies SeZaxilebi zecas Sewvda. „lebbeiqe!
allahumme lebeiq! lebbeiq! laa Seriqe leqe lebbeiq! innel
hemde venniRmeTe leqe vel mulqe laSeriqeleq!...“ sayvarelma Suamavalma 100 msxverplad Sesawiri aqlemi Tan waiyvana.
10 dRiani mgzavrobis Semdeg, zilhijjes meoTxe dRes qaravanma meqas miaRwia. rodesac maT iemenidan da sxva midamoebidan hajobisTvis Camosulnic SeurTdnen, momlocvelTa
ricxvma 124 aTass miaRwia. sayvarelma Suamavalma zilhijjas merve dRes minaze, mecxre (arafa dRes) arafatze avidnen. SuadRis locvis Semdeg, arafatis xeobis SuaSi qusvaze
amxedrebulma, gamosamSvidobebeli xuTbe (qadageba) warmoTqva da sahabeebs gamoemSvidoba.
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gamosaTxovari qadageba
es qadageba warmoTqmul iqna zu-l-hijjas Tvis me-9 dRes
hijriT me-10 (ax. w. aR.-iT 623) wels uranas velze arafaTis
mTasTan meqaSi. maSin sruldeboda hajis yovelwliuri ritualebi. igi aseve cnobilia, rogorc gamosamSvidobebeli
piligrimoba (hajoba).
mas Semdeg, rac allahi adida da madloba Seswira mas,
Suamavalma, (a.d.m.m.) Semdegi sityvebiT daiwyo:
„xalxno! yuradRebiT momismineT, rameTu ar vuwyi, am wlis
Semdeg kidev viqnebi Tu ara Tqvens Soris. maS, guldasmiT
moismineT, rasac geubnebiT, da es sityvebi imaT gadaeciT,
vinc dRes aq ar imyofeba.
xalxno! rogorc es Tve, es dRe, es qalaqi migaCniaT
wmindad, zustad aseve wminda da gasafrTxilebel ramed
miiCnieT sicocxle da sakuTreba yoveli muslimisa. amanaTi,
romelic Tqven mogabares, kanonier mepatrones daubruneT.
nuravis avnebT raimes, raTa aravin gavnoT raime. gaxsovdeT,
rom namdvilad SexvdebiT Tqvens RmerTs da igi Seafasebs
Tqvens saqmeebs (namoqmedars).
allahma agikrZalaT mevaxSeoba, amitomac amas iqiT (dReidan) yvela saprocento valdebuleba gauqmebulia. Tqveni
sakuTreba TviTonve unda daitovoT da daicvaT. arc Tqven
unda CaayenoT vinme uTanasworobaSi da arc TviTon unda
ganicadoT es. allahma gansaja, rom ar unda iyos araviTari saprocento mogeba da yovelgvari procenti abdul
muttalibis Svilis, biZaCemis abbasis procentis gauqmebiT
daiwyo.
islamamdel dReebSi (periodSi) adamianis mkvlelobidan
gamomdinare yoveli ufleba amas iqiT (dReidan) gauqmebulia da pirveli aseTi ufleba, romelsac me vauqmeb, rabia
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ibn al-harisas mkvlelobas ukavSirdeba.
xalxno! urwmunoni TviTneburad ayalbeben kalendars,
raTa nebadarTulad aqcion, rac allahma akrZala, da akrZalon, ris nebac allahma darTo. allahTan Tveni ricxviT
Tormetia. oTxi maTgani wmindaa, urTierTs mosdevs da saTiTaod dgeba jumadasa da Sabanis Tveebs Soris.
ufrTxildiT satanas (SeiTans) Tqveni sarwmunoebis dasacavad. man ukve dakarga imedi, rom SegacdenT did rameebSi,
maS, ifrTxileT, ar gahyveT mas patara rameebSi.
xalxno, marTalia, rom Tqven gaqvT garkveuli uflebebi
Tqvens meuRleebze, magram maTac aqvT uflebebi Tqvenze.
gaxsovdeT, rom Tqven isini miiReT, rogorc Tqveni colebi, mxolod allahis ndobiTa da misi nebarTviT. Tu isini
Tqveni wesebiT cxovroben, maSin maT ekuTvnis ufleba, gamokvebilni da Semosilni iqnen keTilad. kargad moepyariT
Tqvens meuRleebs da keTilni iyaviT maT mimarT, rameTu
isini arian Tqveni mewyvileni da TqvenTvis boZebuli damxmareni. da Tqveni uflebaa, isini ar daumegobrdnen vinmes,
visac Tqven saWirod ar miiCnevT, iseve, rogorc arasodes
unda iyvnen biwierni.
xalxno, mTeli gulisyuriT momismineT, Tayvani eciT allahs, aRasruleT yoveldRiuri xuTi drois locva, imarxuleT ramadanis TveSi da zeqaTi gaeciT Tqveni simdidridan.
SeasruleT haji, Tu amis saxsari geqnebaT.
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mTeli kacobrioba adamisa da evasagan modis, arabs ara
aqvs raime upiratesoba araarabze, arc araarabs aqvs raime
upiratesoba arabze; aseve TeTrkanians ara aqvs raime upiratesoba Savkanianze, arc Savkanians aqvs raime upiratesoba
TeTrkanianze, garda saTnoebisa da keTili qmedebisa. SeismineT, rom yoveli muslimi urTierTis Zmaa da muslimebi
qmnian erTian saZmos. araferi ar iqneba kanonieri muslimisaTvis iqidan, rac mis TanamoZme muslims ekuTvnis, Tu is
gamosaTxovari qadageba
o
Tavis uflebiTa da nebiT ar iqna gaRebuli.
maS, usamarTlod nu moepyrobiT sakuTar Tavs. gaxsovdeT,
odesme allahs SexvdebiT da pasuxs agebT Tqvens saqmeebze
(namoqmedarze). ase rom, frTxilad iyaviT, nu gadauxvevT
WeSmarit gzas mas Semdeg, rac me gaveclebi amier sofels.
xalxno! araviTari sxva allahis Suamavali an elCi ar warmoigzavneba Cems Semdeg da aRar iSoba axali sarwmunoeba.
maS, kargad dafiqrdiT, xalxno, da gaigeT sityvebi, romlebsac gadmogcemT. me or rames gitovebT, yuransa da sunneTs, da, Tu maT mihyvebiT, arasodes agerevaT gza.
yvela, vinc mismens, Cems sityvebs sxvebs gadascems da sxvebi kidev sxvebs; da, dae, ukanasknelebma ukeT gaigon Cemi
sityvebi, vidre maT, vinc uSualod mismens.
RmerTo Cemo, iyavi mowme, rom Seni uwyeba gadaveci Sens
xalxs.“
am qadagebis nawilad Suamavalma (a.d.m.m.) maT waukiTxa allahis zeSTagoneba, romelicim dros miiRo da romelmac
yurani daasrula,
es iyo bolo aieTi (pasaJi), romelic
unda gardmovleniliyo:
`dRes, vinc ar iwama, imaT ukve gadaewuraT imedi, Tqven rwmenas CamogaSoron, da nu geSiniaT maTi, aramed geSinodeT Cemi!
dRes me srulvyavi Tqveni sarwmunoeba TqvenTvis da aRvasrule Tqvenze Cemi wyaloba, da islami upiratesvyav sarwmunoebad TqvenTvis.~1
wminda Suamavlis TxovniT, qadageba sityva-sityviT gaimeora safvanis Zmam, rabiam, romelsac Zlieri xma hqonda.
Tavisi qadagebis dasasruls Suamavalma (a.d.m.m.) ikiTxa:
„xalxno, WeSmaritad gadmogeciT Cemi uwyeba?“ Tanxmobis
niSnad Zlieri CurCuli gaisma: „allah! diax“ aTasobiT piligrimisagan (hajebisagan) wamovida sityvebi „allahumme
(neRem) diax, diax RmerTo Cemo“ romlebic yvelafers ar1. sura 5, aia 3.
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xevdada vels grgvinviT Cauara. Suamavalma zeviT aRapyro
saCvenebeli TiTi da Tqva: „allah, daamowme, rom Seni uwyeba
gadaveci Sens xalxs“.
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gardacvaleba
hijreTis meTerTmete weli idga. jebrailma, sayvarel
Suamavals orjer Tavidan bolomde yurani waakiTxa. wina
wlebSi ki, amas weliwadSi erTxel akeTebinebda. rodesac
sayvarel Suamavals sura nasr moevlina _ „roca allahis Sewevna da gamarjveba iqmna movlenili da roca dainaxav, rogor
uwyvet nakadaT Sedis xalxi allahis sarwmunoebaSi, Seaqe da
ganadide RmerTi Seni da Sendoba SesTxove! ueWvelad, is yovlis mimtevebelia!“ jebrails uTxra, sikvdilis moaxlovebas
vgrZnobo, mTavarangelozma pasuxad suras `duxas~ me-4-e da
me-5-e aiaTebi waukiTxa, ueWvelad, momavali cxovreba (saiqio) geqneba ukeTesi, vidre wina (miwieri). da ueWvelad, sul
male geboZeba Seni RmerTisgan da Sen kmayofili darCebi.
im dRes sayvarelma Suamavlma medinelebs SeuTvala, rom
meCeTSi SuadRis locvisaTvis mosuliyvnen. rodesac xalxi
Seikriba, SuadRis locvis dasrulebisTanave man iseTi qadageba warmoTqva, romelmac yvelas gulebi auTrTola da
Tvalebis cremlebiT auvso. Semdeg man brZana: „hoi adamianebo! rogorc Tqveni Suamavali rogori viyavi?“ sahabeebma
upasuxes: `allahis Suamavalo! uzenaesma allahma Cveni mxridan uxvi wyaloba mogmadlos. Sen, CvenTvis saukeTeso
mama da megobari iyavi. uzenaesi allahis mier SenTvis boZebuli Suamavlobis misia saukeTesod aRasrule. Senze zeSTagonebuli zedmiwevniT mogvawode. uzenaesi allahis gzaze
sibrZniTa da saukeTeso meTodiT mogviwode. uzenaesma allahma Sen yvelaze saukeTeso da yvelaze Zvirfasi sazRauri
mogmadlos.~
sayvarelma Suamavalma brZana: „morwmuneno! visac Cemidan
raime aqvs asaRebi movides, miTxras da aRdgomis dRemde Cemidan aiRos.~ amaze aravis araferi uTqvams. sayvarelma Suamavalma allahis saxelis xsenebiT ramdenjerme kidev iTxova:
„Tu vinmes raime aqvs asaRebi movides da aiRos.“ sahabeebidan uqaSe wamodga da allahis Suamavalis winaSe warsdga;
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„Cemi Tavi Semogevlos allahis Suamavalo! Tebuqis omSi
SenTan erTad viyavi, rodesac ukan vbrundebodiT, Cemi da
Seni aqlemebi erTad Seyriliyvnen. me aqlemidan Camovedi,
Sen mogiaxlovdi. Cemi mizani Seni dalocvili tanis dakocna
iyo, maSin maTraxi gadamkari zurgze. ratom damartyi ar
vici.~
sayvarelma Suamavalma miugo: `uqaSe! uzenaesma allahma
dagifaros allahis Suamavalis ganzrax dartymisgan. bilal!
Cemi Svilis, fatimas saxlSi wadi da is maTraxi me momitane“.
wminda bilali, meCeTidan gavida. xeli Tavze Semoido da fiqrobda, allahis Suamavalma Tavis Tavze Surisgeba unda ganaxorcieloso. rodesac fatimas saxlTan mivida; „allahis
Suamavlis qaliSvilo! allahis Suamavlis maTraxi momeci!“
wminda fatimam uTxra; „bilal! axla arc hajobis droa da
arc omis! rad ginda mamaCemis maTraxi?~ wminda bilalma upasuxa: `fatima! alahis Suamavalma amiT Tavis Tavze Surisgeba
unda ganaxorcielos.~
fatimam bilals maTraxi misca. man ki is allahis Suamavals meCeTSi miutana. kacobriobis siamayem maTraxi uqaSes
gadasca.
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ebu beqirma da omarma uqaSas SesTavazes, wili Cvengan
aiRe, allahis Suamavals Tavi daanebeo! allahis Suamavalma
ebu beqirsac da omarsac ubrZana, magas SeeSviT da aqedan wadiTo. Semdeg wminda ali wamodga da uqaSes mimarTa; `uqaSe!
vici, Seni guli ukmayofiloa imiT, rom Suamavalma maTraxi dagartya, aha, Cemi zurgi da Tu ginda asjer gadamartyi
maTraxi. magram allahis Suamavals ar miekaro!~ Suamavalma
alis uTxra; „ali! dajeqi! uzenaesma allahma Seni damsaxurebis Sesaxeb icis.~ am dros wminda hasani da huseini wamodgnen fexze da uqaSes uTxres: `uqaSe, ici, rom, Cven allahis
Suamavlis SviliSvilebi varT. amitomac Surisgeba Cvenzecaa
SesaZlebelia. Cvengan aiRe Seni wili, gemudarebiT allahis
Suamavals ar daartya!~ allahis Suamavalma maTac dasxdoma
gardacvaleba
o
ubrZana da uqaSesubrZana, modi da damartyio.
uqaSem miugo: „allahis Suamavalo! roca Sen damartyi me
memwara,~ allahis Suamavalma dalocvili zurgi gadaixsna.
am dros sahabeebma erTxmad Sehyvires, uqaSe, nuTu allahis
Suamavals unda daartyao. rodesac uqaSem ukeTilSobilesi muhammedis zurgze Suamavlobis damadasturebeli beWedi
dainaxa, wamoiyvira; `Cemi ded-mama Sen Semogevlos, allahis
Suamavalo! gana, Sens dalocvil zurgze dartyma, vinmes ZaluZs? amas vin gabedavs?~ da Suamavals niSanze akoca. „ara,
an unda damartya, an unda mapatioo“ uTxra mas Suamavalma.
`Cemi Tavi Semogevlos allahis Suamavalo! me gapatie. netav, uzenaesi allahi Tu mapatiebs aRdgomis dRes?~ _ Tqva
uqaSem.
allahis Suamavalma brZana: „visac unda samoTxeSi Cemi megobari dainaxos, am moxics Sexedos.“ vinc allahis Suamavlis
es sityva gaigona, yvelam wminda uqaSes xvevna-kocna dauwyes
da Tan eubnebodnen, raoden bednieri xar uqaSa, allahis
Suamavaltan erTad yofnis pativi rom gergo, samoTxis yvelaze uzenaes xarisxebs eziareo.
seferis Tvis bolo dReebi idga. sayvarel Suamavals surda, sanam bizantiis imperia muslimTaTvis saSiSroebad gadaiqceoda, isini xelmeored moexmo islamisken da Tu allahis religas ar miiRebdnen maTTvis omi gamoecxadebina da
muslimTa saxelmwifosaTvis daeqvemdebarebina. amitom saomari samzadisisTvis sahabeebs mouxmo. isini samzadiss Seudgnen. allahis Suamavalma usame bin zeidi daibara da uTxra: „usame, SamSi, belqas sazRvarze, palestinaSi daruma mamis
gangmirvis adgilamde, uzenaesi allahis saxeliTa da madliT
wadi. isini cxenebs gaasresie. Sen, am jaris mTavarsardlad
dagadgine. ubnalilars ucbad miuxlovdi da elvasaviT Tavs
daesxi. ise wadi, rom informaciam ar Cagaswros. mzveravebi
waiyvane da win gauSvi, Tuki uzenaesi allhis gamarjvebas giboZebs, maTTan cota xans darCi,“ jurfSi Stabis mowyoba daa-
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
vala da sakuTari xeliT droSa gadasca.
allahis Suamavali meCeTSi minberze avida da brZana; „Cemo
sahabeno! iseve rogorc usames mama, zeidi Rirsia sardlobis
da CemTvis yvelaze sayvarelia, aseve misi Svili usamec Rirsia sardlobis. usame, CemTvis adamianebisgan yvelaze sayvarelia.“
usamesTan am laSqrobaSi monawileoba unda mieRoT ebu
beqirs, omers, ebu ubeide bin jerrahs da saRd bin ebi vayyass.
magram meore dRes allahis Suamavali avad gaxda amitomac jaris gamgzavreba gaurkveveli vadiT gadaido. allahis
Suamavals sicxem auwia da dRiTi-dRe umatebda, misi mdgomareoba gauaresda. rodesac tkivili cota Seumsubuqda,
Suamavali fexze wamodga, Caicva da wasasvlelad moemzada. man tqva: `brZaneba miviRe, sasaflaoze unda mivide da gardacvlilTaTvis Sevevedro.~ mas Tan ebu muveihibi da ebu
rahia gayvnen. rodesac allahis Suamavlis vedreba gaigones, masTan myofnma sahabeebma wamoiZaxes, netav, Cvenc
vyofiliyaviT axla aq dasaflavebuli da allahis Suamavlis vedrebis pativi dagvdebodao! sayvarelma Suamavalma
ebu muveihibiesken Sebrunda da uTxra; „o, ebu muveihib! me,
amqveyniuri da saiqio xazinebis arCevanSi Tavisufali viyavi,
romelic mindoda imas avirCevdi. Tuki visurvebdi an amiersofelSi davrCebodi maradiulad an saiqio samoTxeSi. me samoTxe vamjobine.~
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erT dResac uhudis gmirebis sasaflaoebze wavida, iq
maTTvis Seevedra, Semdeg meCeTSi dabrunda da sahabeebs mimarTa; „me Tqven qevseris auzTan pirveli unda SegxvdeT. Cveni
Sexvedris adgili isaa... me, ar vSiSob rom xelmeored warmaTobas daubrundebiT. magram am qveyniur sitkboebebs gayvebiT,
erTmaneTis SegSurdebaT, erTmaneTs moklavT. Tqvenze uwindelebis msgavsad ganadgurdebiT da amisa meSinoa! ...“ Semdeg ki
saxlSi dabrunda.
gardacvaleba
o
avadmyofoba TandaTan gamwvavda. meuRleebisgan aiSesTan
darCenis nebarTva iTxova. umwiklo meuRleebi garjisaTvis
daloca da wminda aiSes saxlSi dabinavda.
allahis Suamavals sicxem Zalian auwia, Zlieri sicxis
gamo igi loginSi trialebda. rodesac sahabeebi mis mosanaxuleblad midiodnen, mis aseT mdgomareobaSi yofna Zalian
awuxebdaT. ebu seRid hudri gadmogvcems: „allahis SuamavalTna mivedi. xaverdovani safari hqonda gadafarebuli.
sicxis sixurvale safaridan gareT gamodioda, imdenac cxeli iyo rom, sicxis gamo xels ver vakarebdiT. rodesac sayvareli Suamvali Cvens mdgomareobas xedavda;
`yvelaze Zlieri bela, Suamavalns evlineba. amisda miuxedavaT SuamavalTa belis winaSe sixaruli, Tqvenze boZebuli sikeTis sixarulze metia“ brZana.
ummu biSr bin bera gadmogvcems: „Suamavlis mosanaxuleblad mivedi. dalocvili tani cecxliviT iwvoda. `Cemi Tavi
Semogevlos, allahis Suamavalo! me, arasdros minaxavs aseTi Zlieri avadmyofoba!...“ _ vuTxari. allahis Suamavalma
brZana: „ummu biSr! sicxis simZlavre, madlis simravles gamoxatavs. es avadmyofoba, heiberSi, rom, mowmaluli xorci gavsinje, imis kvalia. im xorcis simwares yovelTvis vgrZnobdi.
im dRes Cems mier SeWmuli sawamlavi, axla aortas miglejs“.
abdullah bin mesudi gadmogvcems: „ar arsebobs arcerTi
muslimi, romelsac avadmyofoba Seeyreba da uzenaesma allahma, misi Secdomebi da codvebi, xis foTlebiviT ar daacvivos!“
avadmyofis mdgomareoba dRiTidRe uaresdeboda. sahabeebi Zalian damwuxrebuli iyvnen Suamavalis aseTi mdgomareobiT. isini meCeTSi Seiyarnen. Suamavlis ambis gasagebad ali
gaagzavnes. sayvarelma Suamavalma miniSnebebiT alis sahabeebis Sesaxeb hkiTxa. alim miugo; `maT SenTan yofna surT.~
sayvareli Suamavali aseT mdgomareobaSi fexze wamodga,
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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alisa da fazl bin abbass daeyrdno da meCeTSi Sevida. minberze avida da uzenaesi allahis gandidebis Semdeg sahabeebs mimarTa; „o, Cemo sahabeno! Cem sikvdilze fiqrobdT da
mwuxrdebodiT. gana, romelime Suamavali Tavis xalxSi samudamod darCa, me rom TqvenTan davrCe? icodeT, rom Cem RmerTTan mivdivar. me gianderZebT, rom muhajir didebulebs pativi
dadoT! o, muhajirno! Tqvenc amas gianderZebT rom, ensarebs
kargad moeqeciT! isini Tqven kargad mogepyrnen. TavianT saxlebSi dagamkvidres, maT TavianT Tavze maRla dagayenes. TavianT qoneba gaginawiles. vinc ensarebis marTvelad dadgindeba,
kargad moeqces maT da apatios Secdomebi. uzenaesma allahma
Tavis msaxuri dedamiwaze darCenasa da saiqioSi wasvlas Soris
arcevanSi Tavisufali datova. im msaxurma Tavis RmerTTan
misvla isurva.~ ebu beqiri mixvda, rom Suamavali amqveynidan saukuno sasufevelSi unda gadasuliyo da amis gamo
tirili daiwyo. wminda Suamavalma is daariga, ebu beqir nu
tiri, damSviddi da moTmineba gamoiCineo. Semdeg sahabeebs
ebu beqiris Sesaxeb uTxra: `Cemo megobrebo! islamis religiisadmi erTgulebiTa da wrfeli guliT man mTeli Tavisi qoneba am gzaze gaiRo amotomac me misgan kmayofili var. neba rom
mqonoda mas saiqios gzaze megobrad davidgendi!~
Semdeg minberidan Camovida da aiSes oTaxSi dabrunda. sahabeebma tirili daiwyes, amitomac Suamavali alisa da fazl
bin abbasis daxmarebiT meCeTSi ukan Semobrunda. minberis
qveda safexurze dadga da sahabeebs mimarTa:
`muhajirno da ensarno! dadgenil drosTan Sesaxvedrad siCqare kargs arafers mogvitans. uzenaesi allahi misi arc erTi
msaxurisTvis ar iCqarebs. vinc uzenaesi allahis dadgenili
bedisweris Secvlas Seecdeba mas gaanadgurebs. visac surs,
imzakvros allahi daangrevs mis mzakvrobas. icodeT, rom me,
Tqvens mimarT mwyalobeli var. Tqvenc CemTan moxvalT. Cveni
Sexvedris adgili qevseris auzis saTavea. visac urwmunoeba,
codvis Cadena, sarCos SSemcirebis sababia. Tuki adamianebi
476 uzenaesi allahis brZanebebs daemorCilebian, marTvelebi,
n
gardacvaleba
o
prezidentebi maT kargad moeqcevian. Tuki areulobas, ukeTurebis Tesvas daiwyeben, mowyale mmarTvelebs ver eRirsebian.
iseve rogorc Cemi sicocxlea tqvenTvis sasikeTo, aseve Cemi
sikvdilic TqvenTvis sikeTe da mowyalebaa. Tuki vinmes rame
davuSave an raime cudi sityva vuTxari, mec igive gamikeTos
da vali aiRos. radganac am qveyniuri sasjeli araferia, saiqiosTan SedarebiT.~ Semdeg sahabeebs mimarTa; „omeri CemTan
erTadaa, mec masTan erTad var. Cems Semdeg samarTali omarTan
eZieT“.
am mimarTvis Semdeg Suamavali minberidan Zirs Camovida.
locvis Semdeg xelmeored minberze avida, uzenaes allahs
gabarebTo, brZana da oTaxisaken gaemarTa.
sayvarelma Suamavalma erT dRes roca mas tkivilebma umata, bilali daibara da gamosamSvidobebeli darigebis mosasmenad xalxis meCeTSi Sekreba Txova.
bilalma sahabeebi meCeTSi Sekriba. sayvareli Suamavali
alisa da fazlze dayrdnobili meCeTSi Sevida. minberze
dajda da sahabeebs mimarTa; „sahabeno! icodeT rom, Tqvengan Cemi ganSoreba moaxlovda. visac Cemgan raime aqvs asaRebi,
miTxras. visac Cemi Tavi uyvars da Cemidan rame aqvs asaRebi,
an iTxovos an ki momitevos, raTa Cem RmerTTan valis gareSe
davbrunde.~ Semdeg minberidan Camovida da SuadRis namazi
Seasrules.
rodesac sayvareli Suamavlis sikvdilamde sul raRac 3
dRe iyo darCenili, avadmyofoba kidev ufro gamwvavda. igi
meCeTSi veRar Sevida da locvas veRar waruZRva. pirveli
namazi, romelic ver alocva, Ramis namazi iyo. bilali Cveulebisamebr, Suamavlis karTan mivida da daiZaxa: `locvis
droa allahis Suamavalo!~ magram allahis Suamavals Zala
hqonda gamoclili da meCeTSi ver Sevida. man Tqva: „uTxariT
ebu beqirs, rom locvas waruZRves.“ aiSem SeniSna: `allahis
Suamavalo, mamaCemi sentimentaluri adaminia da roca Sen ar
xar Sens adgilze ver gava da ver alocvebs. es rom omarma 477
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
gaakeTos, ar SeiZleba?~ Suamavalma xelmeored isev gaimeora; „uTxariT ebu beqirs, locvas waruZRves!“ bilalma Suamavlis brZaneba ebu beqirs gadasca. roca ebu beqirma mihrabSi
Suamavali ver ixila tirili daiwyo da sahabeebmac moTqma
daiwyes. sayvarelma Suamavalma meCeTidan gamosuli xmebis
Sesaxeb ikiTxa, Tu ra xdeboda da ratom tirodnen; fatimam
miugo uSenobas ver Seeguen da amitom tiriano.
wyalobis okeanes, sayvarel Suamavals guli amoujda.
sahabeebis dasawynareblad, aseTi Zlieri tkivilebis miuxedavad, wamodga da alisa da fazilis daxmarebiT meCeTSi
Sevida. locvis Semdeg; `Cemo sahabeno! Tqven, allahis mfarvelobis qveS xarT da me Tqveni Tavi uzenaes allahs mivabare!
RvTis mosavni iyaviT. uzenaesi allhis geSinodeT. uzenaesi
allahis brZanebebi aRasruleT da daemorCileT. me, ukve am
qveyanas veclebi“.
wminda ebu beqirma sahabens Suamavlis gareSe 17 drois namazi aloca. erTxel, rodesac SuadRis namazs alocvebda,
sayvarelma Suamavalma avadmyofobis Semsumbuqeba igrZno
da alisa da abbasis daxmarebiT meCeTSi Sevida. ebu beqirma Sumavlis Semosvla igrZno da ukan gamosvla gadawyvita.
Suamavalma mas mianiSna, adgilze gaCerdio, sayvarelma Suamvalma, ebu beqiris marcxena mxares, sahabeebs ukanasknelad
alocva.
Suamavalis sikvdilamde sami dRe iyo darCenili, rodesac
jibraili, Suamavlis mosanaxuleblad CamobrZanda da hkiTxa:
„allahis Suamavalo,uzenaesi allhis salami Camogitane. gekiTxeba Tu rogor grZnob Tavs.~ sayvarelma Suamavalma miugo; `damwuxrebuli var!~
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jebrailma kvira dResac CamobrZanda da igive SeekiTxa.
Suamavalmac igive pasuxi gasca. jebrailma iemenSi mcxovrebi cru Suamavlis esed ansinis gardacvalebis Sesaxeb amcno. Suamavalma es ambavi sahabeebs gadasca. avadmyofobis
win misTvis saCuqrad micemuli ramdenime oqrodan nawili
gardacvaleba
o
Suamavalma daunawila, xolo nawili aiSes misca. kvira dRes
Suamavlis mdgomareoba gauaresda. masTan misul jarebis
sardal, usames veRar daelaparaka. magram dalocvili mklavebi wamoswia da mas Seexo, misTvis vedreba aRavlina.
sayvareli Suamavlis dedamiwaze movlinebisa da amqveynidan saiqioSi wabrZanebis dRe orSabaTi iyo. avadmyofobis
me-13 dRe misTvis ukanaskneli gaxda. sahabeebi ebu beqiris
winamZRolobiT meCeTSi dilis locvas aRavlendnen. sayvareli Suamavali meCeTSi Sevida da roca isini mwkrivebSi
dainaxa sixaruliT aRivso. Suamavali ebu beqirs mihyva da
locva aRavlina. roca sahabeebma Suamavali meCeTSi dainaxes, gauxardaT, gamokeTebula Cveni Suamavalio. kacobriobis siamaye aiSes oTaxSi dabrunda da dawva. man aiSes uTxra: „uzenaesi allahis winaSe, amqveyniuri qonebiT ar minda
wavrsdge, rac Sen mogeci im oqrodan nawili Ratakebs daurige!~ Semdeg mas sicxem isev auwia. ramdenime xnis Semdeg, kidev
erTxel Tvalebi gaaxila aiSes hkiTxa, Cemi Txovna Seasrule
Tu arao. aiSem miugo, Sevasruleo, rodesac mas moaxsenes,
rom oqro Raribebs daunawiles, Suamavalma brZana, axla ki
davmSviddio.
cota xnis Semdeg man ali daibara. dalocvili Tavi mis
kalTaSi Cado. Sublze ofli mosdioda da feri hqonda dakarguli. alim ver gauZlo am mdgomareobas da SvilebTan,
hasanTan da huseinTan wavida. maT xelebi CasWida da tirili
daiwyo. tiroda fatimac. igi ambobda: „mamaCemo, vin daicavs
Sen qaliSvils! hasansa da huseins vis utoveb? mama, Cemi
Tavi Semogevlos, Sen Semdeg Cemi mdgomareoba rogori iqneba! Cemi Tvali, Seni dalocvili saxis Semdeg vis Sexedavs!“
rodesac sayvarelma Suamavalma Tavisi qaliSvilis gulis
damwveli sityvebi gaigona igi Tavistan daibara da Seevedra:
„RmerTo Cemo, Sen amas moTmineba uboZe!“ fatima moTqmiT tirils agrZelebda. alim mas uTxra: „fatima! gevedrebi gaCumdi, Suamavals ufro metad nu daamwuxreb!~ roca Suamavalma
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
alis sityvebi gaigona, mas uTxra; „ali, nu awyenineb! Tavi
daanebe, mamisaTvis cremli daRvaros!...“ mis Semdeg samyaros
siamayem Tvalebi daxuWa da grZnoba dakarga.
Semdeg babusTan hasani Sevida da warmoTqva: `vis SeuZlia
SenTan ganSorebas gauZlos! Sen Semdeg dedaCems, mamaCemsa
da Cems Zmas ra eSvelebaT?~ Semdeg man tirili daiwyo da
mas Suamavlis colebic ayvnen.
gareT damwuxrebulni sahabeebi icdidnen. rodesac Suamavlis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb gaiges Zalian Sewuxdnen Zalian da tirili daiwyes. sayvareli Suamavlis dalocvili saxe
ukanasknelad gvanaxeT, ra moxdeba karebi rom gagviRoTo.
rodesac sayvarelma Suamavalma sahabeebis mudara gaigona,
maTTvis karebis gaxsna brZana. sahabeebi masTan Sevidnen.
sayvarelma Suamavalma maT moTmineba urCia; „Cemo megobrebo, Tqven, adamianebidan yvelaze uzenaesni, yvelaze
pativcemulni xarT. Tqven Semdeg, vinc unda movides, Tqven
yvelas SeaswrebT samoTxeSi. mtkiceni iyaviT da yurani daidgineT winamZRolad. sarwmunoebis normebi aucileblad SeiswavleT!~ Semdeg warmoTqva: „RmerTo Cemo! Cemi misia Sevasrule?~ da Tvalebi daxuWa. dalocvili saxe gauoflianda.
wminda alim, sahabeebs gareT gasvla aniSna.
maTi wasvlis Semdeg allahis SuamavalTan aiSe mivida misgan darigeba iTxova, man uTxra: „aiSe! saxlis kuTxeSi dajeqi
da RvTismosavi iyavi!“ Semdeg cremlebi Camocvivda. samyaros
Suamavali tiroda... iq myofT gulebi daeseraT. wminda ummu
seleme masTan mivida da hkiTxa Tuk ratom tiroda; „Cemi
xalxis SewyalebisTvis vtiri.“ _ upasuxa Suamavalma.
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mze zenits swvdeboda. dro ukve axlovdeboda... sayvarel Suamavals Tavi aiSes kalTaSi edo. igi ukve ukanasknel
wuTebs iTvlida, man Semdegi sityvebi warmoTqva: „frTxilad! frTxilad! TqvenT xelT arsebul monebs kargad moeqeciT. SemoseT da muceli gamouZReT. maT rbilad elaparakeT.
gardacvaleba
o
locva, loscva ar gamotovoT. allahis geSinodeT, meuRleebisa da monebis gamo!... RmerTo Cemo! Seminde! Semiwyale!...~
fatima tiroda, Suamavalma misi gverdiT dasma moiTxova da
uTxra; „Svilo Cemo, cota moiTmine, nu tiri. vinaidan angelozebi Seni mwuxarebis gamo atirdebian“. wminda fatimam cremlebi moiwminda. allahis Suamavalma gaagrZela: `fatima, yvela Tavze datexil ubedurebas sazRauri aqvs,“ Semdeg erTxans
Tvalebi daxuWa, Semdeg ki Svils uTxra; „amis Semdeg Sens
mamas aranairi tanjva, wvaleba aRar eqneba warmavali qveynidan da tanjvis adgilidan Tavisufldeba“. bolos ki alis
mimarTa; „ali, iudevelebidan amdeni vali aviRe jarebis mosamzadeblad. valis gadaxda ar dagaviwydes. Cem vals uTuod,
gadaixdi da qevseris auzis saTaveSi pirvelad Sen Semxvdebi.
Cems mere Sen uamravi ziani mogadgeba, moTmineba gamoiCine,
roca adamianebs es qveyana surT, Sen saiqio airCie“.
usame xelmeored movida. allahis Suamavalma mas uTxra;
„uzenaesi allahi SegewioT! wadiT sabrZolvelad!~ usamec
wavida da jarTan mivida. man maSinve gamgzavrebis brZaneba
gasca.
sayvareli Suamavali ukanasknel wuTebs iTvlida...uzenaesma allahma, Rezrails daabara; „Cems sayvarel msaxurTan
umSvenieresi formiT midi! Tuki nebas mogcems, suli tkbilad
amoarTvi. Tuki nebas ar mogcems, ukan gamobrundi!~ Rezraili
mSvenieri formiT, adamianis samosSi gamowyobili, sayvareli
Suamavlis bednierebis saxlis karTan mivida da daiZaxa; „allahis salami Sen, Suamavalo! saxlSi Semosvlis nebas momcem? uzenaesma allahma Segiwyalos Sen!“
allahis Suamavalma aiSesa da fatimas uTxra stumars pasuxi Tqven gaeciTo. fatima karTan mivida da Razrails uTxra: `o, allahis msaxuro! allahis Suamavali axla dakavebulia.“ Rezrailma nebarTva xelmeored iTxova. igive pasuxi
miiRo. mesamedac salami misca da kvlav saxlSi Sesvla iTxova, aucilebeli saqme maqvso. allahis Suamavalma saubari
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
gaigona da wminda fatimas hkiTxa, karebTan vin ariso.
fatimam mamas uTxra, karebTan viRac aris da Semosasvlelad nebas iTxovs, ramdenjerme pasuxi gaveci, magram mesamed rom daiZaxa, sxeuli amikankaldao. Suamavali yvelafers
mixvda da Svils miugo: „fatima, karebze ici vinaa? igi, sitkbos damangreveli, sazogadoebebis gamanadgurebeli, qalebis damqvrivebeli, oboli bavSvebis damaoblebeli, saxlebis
gamcamtverebeli, sasaflaoebis amvsebi, sikvdilis angelozi
Rezrailia.~ Semdeg sikvdilis angelozs dauZaxa: `Rezrail
Semodi!“ am dros fatima eniTauwerel mdgomareobaSi Cavarda da piridan mxolod es sityvebi amouvida: „vai, medina
ganadgurda!“
sayvarelma Suamavalma wminda fatimas xeli CasWida, mkerdze daido da Tvalebi daxuWa. iq myofebma ifiqres, Suamavalma ukve suli ganutevao... fatimam mwuxareba veRar gauZlo,
mamis yurTan daixara da mtkivneuli xmiT CasCurCula; „mamiko!...~ magram pasuxi ver miiRo. Semdeg mamas Txova, Tvalebis
gaaxile da raRac miTxario. allahis Suamavali gonze movida, Svils cremlebi mowminda da wynarad uTxra, vkvdebio.
fatimam tirili daiwyo. kacobriobis siamayem igi daamSvida,
Cemi saxlidan, pirveli, CemTan Sen moxvalo. fatimas gauxarda es ambavi da odnav dawynarda.
Semdeg mamas uTxra: „mamiko! dRes Cveni ganSorebis dRea!
Sen rodisRa Segxvdebi?~ sayvarelma Suamavalma upasuxa:
„Cemo, sayvarelo qaliSvilo! gankiTxvis dRes auziTan mnaxav
da iq Cem ummeTs wyals daunawileb.“ fatima dainteresda,
Tuki iq ver gnaxav iq, maSin ra vqnao. sayvarelma Suamavalma
igi daamSvida, sasworTan mipovi. iq, Cem xalxs Suamdgomloba
unda gavuwioo.
Semdeg alim hkiTxa damwuxrebuli xmiT, kacobriobis siamayes: `allahis Suamavalo! roca suls miabareb, tani vin
unda dagbanos? raSi unda gagaxvioT? locvis aRvlenas vin
482 unda uwinamZRvros? saflavSi vin unda Cagdos?
n
gardacvaleba
o
ukeTilSobilesma muhammedma upasuxa: `ali, tani Sen dambane, fazl bin abbasma wyali dagisxas. mesame jibraili iqneba.
dabanis damTavrebis Semdeg, gamaxvieT. jibraili samoTxidan
sunamos moitans. Semdeg meCeTSi wamiReT, iq damasveneT da gareT gadiT, radganac jer jebrailma, Semdeg miqailma da israfilma, bolos ki angelozebma jgufuri locvas unda aRavlinon. Semdeg Tqvenc SemodiT, mwkrivebSi dadeqiT.~
Semdeg Rezrails hkiTxa: `Rezrail, Cem sanaxavad moxvedi
Tu sulis asarTmevad?~ sikvdilis angelozma upasuxa, Tan
stumrad da Tan Cemi saqmis Sesasruleblado. uzenaesma allahma mibrZana, rom SenTan Semosvlaze nebarTva meTxova.
allahis Suamavalo, Sens dalocvil suls mxolod Seni nebarTvis Semdeg amoviReb. Tuki nebas momcem, Sen suls mivibareb, Tuki ar momcem ukan davbrundebi.
sayvarelma Suamavalma hkiTxa; „Rezrail, jibraili sad
datove?“ man upasuxa, dedamiwis kabadonze davtove, angelozebi Seni gardacvalebis Taobaze mas usamZimrebeno. am
dros jibrailic movida. allahis Suamavalma mas UuTxra:
„o, Zmao jibrail! ukve dedamiwidan gadabargebis dro momivida. miTxari allahisgan ra melis, suli patrons damSvidebulma, rom Cavabaro.“ jibrailma is daamSvida: `allahis
sayvarelo msaxuro! me zecis karibWe Ria davtove. angelozebi
mwkrivebSi dganan, Sens suls siyvaruliT elodebian.~ allahis Suamavalma mtavarangelozs uTxra: „qeba-dideba mxolod
allahs ekuTvnis. mimaxaroble allahis winaSe ra melodeba!“
jibrilma miugo: `allahis Suamavalo, Sen SemosabrZaneblad
samoTxis karebi gaixsna, iq mdinareebma dineba daiwyo, samoTxis xeebma moisxa, hurebi moirTvnen.“
Semdeg allahis Suamavalma jibrails uTxra: „uzenaesi allahTan sami Txovna maqvs: pirveli, Cemi xalxis codvebis SendobisTvis Cemi Suamdgomloba miiRos, meore, dedamiwaze Cadenili codvebis gamo isini ar dasajos, mesame, xuTSabaTs da
orSabaTs Cemi xalxis gakeTebuli saqmeeebi macnobos. (Tuki
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maTi saqmeni sasikeTo iqneba maTTvis Sevevedrebi da uzenaesi allahi miiRebs Cem Sevedrebas. Tuki maTi saqmeni cudia,
viSuamdgomleb, raTa maTi codvebi waiSalos)“. jibrilma
mas acnoba rom, uzenaesma allahma es sami Txovna miiRo.
amis Semdeg sayvareli Suamavali damSvidda.
Semdeg man Razarails uTxra: „axla movisvene Rezrail! rac
gebrZana sisruleSi moiyvane!“
Rezraili davalebuli saqmis Sesasruleblad Suamavals
miuaxlovda. gverdiT arsebul wylis WurWelSi ori TiTi
daisvela, sveli xelebi ma dalocvil saxeze mousva da warmoTqva; „la ilahe illelah! RmerTo Cemo! refiyi alai!...~
amiT man sayvareli Suamavlis sulis arTmeva daiwyo. kacobriobis siamayes feri ecvleboda, xan yviTldeboda da xan
wiTldeboda. man Rezrails hkiTxa, Cemi mimdevrebis sulsac ase mkacrad da ZaliT iRebo. Rezrailma miugo; „allahis Suamavalo! aravis suli ase advilad ar Camibarebia“.
allahis Suamavali Tanamimdevrebs sicocxlis ukanasknel
wuTebSic ki ar iviwyebda, man Razrails sTxova: „is simkacre,
rac Cems mimdevrebze unda gamoavlino, Cemze gadmoitane! vinaidan isini umweoni arian, ver gauZleben...“ Semdeg „la ilahe
illelah~ warmoTqva da dalocvili suli ganuteva..
jibrilma, allahis Suamavals mimarTa; `allahis salami
Sen, uzenaesi allahi Suamavalo! Cemi saqme da survili SeTan urTierToba iyo. amis Semdeg dedamiwaze aRar moval!`
rodesac sayvareli Suamavali gardaicvala, fatimam da
yvela marTlmorwmunis dedebma, Suamavlis meuRleebma tirili daiwyes.
am dros xma moesma:
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„allahis salami Tqven Suamavlis saxleulo! wyaloba da
baraqa Tqven!~ ase miesalma es xma maT da aqve sura `imranis`
185-e aiaTi waikiTxa; „yvela suli igemebs sikvdils da yvela
Tqvengani srulad miiRebs sazRaurs aRdgomis dRes.~ imran
gardacvaleba
o
Semdeg igive xmam isini daamSvida; „uzenaesi allahis sikeTesa da saCuqars miendeT. mas SemoexvieT gars da mas CasWideT
xeli. moTqmiT ar iyviroT! namdvil ubedurebas is gadaawydeba, romelsac madli ar eqneba!~
es sityvebi yvela iq myofma gaigona da misi salami miiRo.
am sityvebis patroni hiziri iyo.
Suamavalis sikvdilis ambavi, iemenSi wasasvelelad gamzadebul jars acnobes. usame, omeri da ebu ubeide am mware
ambis gagebis Semdeg wamovidnen da Suamavlis meCeTSi mividnen. maT dainaxes, rom Suamavlis meuRleebi tirodnen,
magram ver mixvdnen, Tuk ra moxda. roca samwuxaro ambavi,
gaiges gaogndnen. ali mkvdariviT gaSeSebuli darCa. osmans
ena Cauvarda. ebu beqiri am dros saxlSi imyofeboda. igi gulamovardnili movida, Suamavlis oTaxSi Sevida, mis cxedars
daxeda da mixvda rom allahis Suamavali gardacvliliyo.
miuxedavad amisa kacobriobis siamayes dalocvili pirisaxe
da sxeulis yvela nawili ubrwyinavda. „micvalebuli iseTive
mSvenieri xar, rogoric cocxali iyaviao~-warmoTqva ebu beqirma da cxedars akoca. imdeni itira, Suamavlis dalocvili saxe Tavisi cremlebiT dafara. Semdeg saxlis mkvidrni
daamSvida, meCeTSi mivida, minberze avida da sahabeebs mimarTa. Tavis sityvaSi uzenaesi allahi Seaqo da ganadida, mere
allahis Suamavalis salaTi CaikiTxa da brZana; „vinc muhammedi irwmuna icodes, rom igi gardaicvala, xolo vinc allahi irwmuna, axsovdes, rom Suamavali cocxali da ukvdavia.“
amis Semdeg ebu beqirma sura imranis 144-e aiaTi waikiTxa:
`muhammedi mxolod Suamavalia, mis mosvlamdec (uamravma)
Suamavalma. Tu is mokvdeba an moklaven, nuTu ukan gamoquslavT? da vinc ukan moquslavs, amiT verafers daaklebs allahs, xolo miuzRavs allahi madlierT!~
sahabeebi damSvidnen, situacia moawesrigda.
yvela irwmuna rom allahis Suamavali ukve gardaicvala. yvela Zalian damwuxrda, iqauroba mwuxarebam moicva.
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j
sahabeta upirvelesi movaleoba Suamavlis mimdevarTa
mmarTvelis daniSvna iyo da matac halifad wminda ebu beqiri daadgines, mas daemorCilnen da misi brZanebis mixedviT
daiwyes moqmedeba.
allahis Suamavali, hijriT meTerTmete wels (miladiT
632) rebiRul evveli Tvis me-12-e dRes, orSabaTs SuadRemde
gardaicvala. rodesac igi maradiul sasufevelSi wabrZanda. am dros mTvaris kalendris mixedviT igi 63 wlis, xolo
mzis kalendaris mixedviT 61 wlis iyo. sayvareli Suamavali
alim, abbasma, fazl bin abbasma, qusem bin abbasma, usame bin
zeidma da salihma dabanes. dabanis dros dalocvil tanze
iseTi mSvenieri surneli asdioda, romlis msgavsic manamde
aravis ugrZvnia. Semdeg qefinSi gaaxvies da meCeTSi waiRes,
danabarebis mixedviT cxedari meCeTSi daasvenes da gareT
gamovidnen. angelozebi mwkrivebSi dadgnen da locva aRavlines, Semdeg xma moesmaT SemodiT da Tqvenc iloceTo, Sevidnen mwkrivebSi dadgen da imamis gareSe iloces. locva
oTxSabaT dRes, saRamomde Zlivs daasrules.
sahabeebi sayvareli Suamavlis saflavis adgilis Taobaze,
ebu beqiris mier gadmocemul hadiss miyvnen: „Suamavalni, sadac gardaicvlebian iq iqnebian dasaflavebulni.“ ebu talhas
mier gaTxril saflavSi, allahis Suamavali oTxSabaT dRes,
SuaRamisas Caasvenes.. wminda abbasis Svili qusemi, yvelaze
bolos amovida saflavidan. man Tqva: „allahis Suamavlis pirisaxis ukanaskneli damnaxavi me viyavi. dalocvili bageebi
ucemda. davixare da yuri davade. is evedreboda: „RmerTo
Cemo! Cemi mimdevrebi!... RmerTo Cemi! Cemi mimdevrebi!..~
rodesac sayvareli Suamavali saiqioSi wabrZanda, wminda
abdullah bin zeidi Seevedra ; „RmerTo Cemo! Tvalebi sayvareli Suamavlis saxis dasanaxad mindoda. roca mas veRar
davinaxav, rad vqna! RmerTo Cemo! Tvalis Cini wamarTvi!“ am
vedrebis Semdeg abdullahi, marTlac dabrmavda.
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gardacvaleba
o
zogierTi muslimis mier islamze uaryofis SemTxvevebi
Suamavlis gardacvalebis Semdeg, zogierTma muslimanma
sarwmunoebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli moZraobebi wamoiwyo..
TandaTanobiT es moZraobebi sakmaod gaZlierda. amaTTan
yvelaze didi brZola ebu beqirs mouwia. misnairi mtkice
pirovneba rom ar yofiliyo morwmuneTa saTaveSi, SeiZleboda es davadeba mTeli arabeTis naxevarkunZulze gavrcelebuliyo. amis Sesaxeb aiSe gadmogvcems: „roca allahis Suamavali gardaicvala, arabebma sarwmunoeba ukuagdes. ukeTureba
gaRvivda. mamaCemze Tavdamsxmels mTebisTvis rom Seetia, uTuod, maTac daapataravebda!“
ebu hureiras azriT, wminda ebu beqiri rom ar yofiliyo,
sayvareli Suamavalis gardacvalebis Semdeg misi mimyolebi, uTuod ganadgurdebodnen!
`qeba-dideba erTaderT allahs, halifad ebu beqiri rom
ar yofiliyo, uzenaesi allahis mona-msaxurad aRaravin
darCeboda!~ _ abu hureiras ase uTqvams da es winadadeba
samjer gaumeorebia.
ebu rejau uTaridi ambobs, rom rodesac medinaSi Cavida,
erTad Segrovili xalxi dainaxa, maTgan erT-erTma meores
uTxra: „Cemi Tavi Semogevlos! RmerTs vficav, Sen rom ar
yofiliyavi, Cven, ueWvelad, gavnadgurdebodiT!“ da Tavze
akoca.
rodesac ebu rejaum ikiTxa, Tu vin iyo is, visac Tavze
akoces da isic, vinc Tavze akoca, mas upasuxes, rom islamis
mowinaaRmdegeTa dauZinebel mters abu beqirs Tavze omerma
akoca.
aiSe gadmogvcems: `rodesac es moZraobebi daiwyo, ebu
beqirma xmali Semoirtya da aqlemze amxedrda, masTan ali
mivida da uTxra: `rac Suamavals uhudis omis dros vuTxari
Senc igives geubnebi: xmali qarqaSSi Cade, safrTxeSi Tavs nu
igdeb da nu gvtanjav! RmerTs vficav rom Sen rom rame dage-
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
marTos, mere, islams aRaraferi eSveleba.~
aiSe im dReebs ase aRgviwers: `allahis Suamavlis gardacvalebis Semdeg arabi tomebis umravlesobam sarwmunoeba
uaryo. iudaisturi, qristianuli, da munafiyuri moZraobebi daiwyo.
muslimebi, zamTris RameSi mTas Sefarebul da Tavs wvimadatexil faras daemsgavsnen. am dros, meqelebmac islamisgan gandgoma gadawyvites. suheil ibni amri qabas karTan
dadga da meqelebs gasZaxa. misma saubarma Sedegi gamoiRo da
es moZraoba SeaCera.
islamis istoriaSi, religiis uaryofas „irTida“ anu ukan
dabruneba, xolo „murTedi“ ukan dabrunebuls niSnavs. es
terminebi gamoyenebuli iqna hadisebSi.
Suamavlis gardacvalebis Semdeg munafiyebi iudevelebma
da qristianebma waaqezes da maTac religiis mitoveba daiwyes.
suheil bin amri, qaabas karTan dadga da meqelebs mimarTa:
`meqas mkvidrno, Tqven yvelaze bolos miiReT islami.
gafrTxilebT, sarwmunoebis uaryofaSi pirvelebi ar iyoT!
RmerTs vficav, rogorc uzenaesma allahma sayvarel Suamavals uTxra, es saqme uTuod ise iqneba! CemTan erTad „la ilahe
illelah warmoTqviT,~ Tqveni Semxedvare arabebi
islams
eziarebian da xarks aRar gadagixdian! RmerTs vficav, kisrasa da kaiseris xazinebi allahis gzaze daixarjeba!
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Cven vnaxeT, rom, vinc religias arafrad agdebda, zeqaTis
gaReba daiwyo. RmerTs vficav, allahs yvela daemorCileba!
me vici, rom sanam mze amosvlas da Casvlas gaagrZelebs, manamde es sarwmunoeba ZalaSi iqneba. Tqvens Soris myofebma
ar SegacdinoT! rac me vici, maTac ician, magram Tqven ar
geubnebian.
gardacvaleba
o
magram haSimis Svilebis mimarT Surma maT gulebi dauluqa. adamianebo, zeqaTi gadaixadeT!
Tuki islami ganadgurdeba, garantias gaZlevT, rom tqven
mier gadaxdili zeqaTi ukan dagibrundebaT.~ am sityvebis
Semdeg suheilma tirili daiwyo.
am saubris Semdeg xalxi dawynarda
suheil bin amrma, am momajadoebeli mimarTvis Semdeg meqas mkvidrT azri Seaclevina. qalaqis gubernatorad aTTab
bin esidi dainiSna.
suheil bin amri, bediris brZolaSi, warmarTebis rigebSi
ibrZoda da muslimebs tyved Cauvarda. sayvarelma Suamavalma omers uTxra, am kacis saqme „gamouval mdgomareobaSi
xalxis saubriT mojadoeba ariso.~
rodesac omerma suheilis mimarTva gaigona, mas am kacis
Sesaxeb Suamavlis natqvami sityvebi gaaxsenda da gamomdinare aqedan Tavi veRar Seikava, rom ar etqva: „me mowme var, rom
Sen, ueWvelad allahis Suamavali xar!“
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
saflavSi cxovreba
saflavSi cocxlad yofna
Suamavlebi saflavebSi cocxlebi arian, magram Cventvis ucnobia, Tu ra formiT da ra viTarebaSi cxovroben
iq isini. evliebi da Sehidebic saflavSi igive mdgomareobaSi arian. sruli am sityvis mniSvnelobiT cocxalni arian
uzenaesi allahi ali imrans suras 169 aiaTSi Semdegnairad
gvamcnobs: `da Sen mkvdrad ar CaTvalo araviTar SemTxvevaSi
isini, vinc daeca allahis gzaze, aramed cocxalni arian, TavianT RmerTTan iReben sarCos.~
es aiaTi gvamcnobs rom Sehidebi cocxalni arian. Suamavalni raTqma unda Sehidebze safexuriT ufro maRla arian.
islamis swavlulebis mixedviT yvela Suamavali, Sehidad
aris gardacvalebuli. Suamavalis ukanasqneli avadmyofoba,
roca Suamavali ambobs `heiberSi mowamluli xorcis simware
yovelTvis vgrZnobdio~, es hadisi gvamcnobs rom, sayvareli
Suamavali Sehidad agardaicvala.
aqedan gamomdinare Suamavali saflavSi Sehidebis msgavsad cocxali, amas aseve mowmobs buharisa da muslimis gadmocemuli hadisi, `miRrajis Rames, musa Suamavalis saflavis
gverdze gamaronies. saflavSi fexze wamomdgari locvas aRavlendao.~
sxva hadisSi ki; „uzenaesma allahma, miwas aukrZala Suamavlebis organizmis dalpoba“ brZana. koncesusia yvela swavlulisa am Temaze, aseve buhari da muslimi gadmogvcemen;
„uzenaesma allahma miRrajis Rames, yvela Suamavali, muhammed SuamavalTan wargzavna, maT imamoba gaukeTa da ori muxli
locva aRavlina maTTan erTad.~
locvis aRvlena ruquRiTa da sejdeTi aris SesaZlebeli.
es ambavi, cocxali taniT locvis avlena gvamcnobs. musa
Suamavalis saflavSi locva amas gvamcnobs. „miSqaT“ wignis
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
bolo tomSi, mirajis Temis bolos; muslimden ebu hureiras
gadmocemuli wminda hadisia; `uzenaesma allahma me maCvena.
musa fexze locvas aRavlenda. Tmebi gaSlili hqonda. Sene tomis Wabuks gavda. urve bin mesud seyafis gavda.~
Sene iemenSi arsebuli ori tomis saxelia. es hadisi gvamcnobs rom Suamavalni allahis winaSe cocxalni arian.
amitomac Suamavalnis fizikurad da sulierad xilva. wminda hadisSi musa Suamavalis locvas aRwers, losva ki, suliT
SeuZlebelia, mxolod taniT aris SesaZlebeli. musa Suamavali saSualo aRnagobis, gamxdari, iyo. es hadisi gvamcnobs
rom musa Suamavali sulierad ki ara fizikurad dainaxa.
imami beiheqi branebs rom, Suamavlsn roca miwaSi Cadeben
suli maTi ukan daubrundeba. Cven amas ver vixilavT. angelozebis mdgavsad, uxilavi gaxdebian. mxolod uzenaesi
allahis madlis mqonens SeuZliaT maTi danaxva. igives gadmogvcems imami suiutic.
uamravis gadmogvcemen roca salams miscemdnen sasaflaoze salams ubrunebdnen. wminda hadisSi: „me rom salams momcemen, uzenaesi allahi suls ukan gamomigzavni da me salams
gamovarTvam.~
saflavSi Suamavalis sicocxlis Sesaxeb uamravi hadisi
romelic erTi meores amtkicebs; erT-erT hadisSi Suamavali brZanebs; vinc mova da CemTvis „ellahummeshvels“ CaikiTxavs Cems saflavTan me imas gavigoneb, da vinc Sorida
gamomigzavnis me imas macnobeben.
abdulla bin abbasis gadmocemis Tanaxmad; Tuki vinme, Tavisi nacnobis saflavze gaivlis da salams miscems, mkvdari
mas icnobs da salams gamoarTmevs. `ucnobs Tu salams miscems gaixarebs da pasuxs gascems.~
allahis Suamavals aseT SekiTxvas dausvamen, Tuki dedamiwis yvela adgilebidan mosul salatebs rogor unda gasce
492 pasuxio, Suamavalma miugo: SuadRisas mze aTasobiT qalaqs
n
saflavSi cxovreba
o
anaTebso.
ibrahim bin biSarma hajis Sesrulebis Semdeg, medinaSi
Suamavalis saflavze gaemarTa, salami misca da Tqva pasuxi
gavigone salami gamomarTvao.
sayvarelma Suamavalma brZana: roca movkvdebi rogorc
cocxali ise gavigebo. sxva hadisSi ki; Suamavalni saflavebSi
cocxalni arian da losca aRavleneno.
evlia seid ahmed rifai da sxva uamravi evliebma Tqves,
roca Suamavals salams vaZlevdiT ukan gvibrunebdao, aseve ahmed rifaim Tqva me Suamavals xelze vakoceo romelic
uamrav wignSi aris mocemuli.
imami suiuti Tavis wignSi ase brZanebs, evliebs SeuZlian
Suamavalni cocxali dainaxon. sayvareli suamavalis mxridan musa Suamavalis danaxva, erT gvari saswauli iyo. evliebis Suamavalnis danaxva qerameTia, qerameTis ar dajereba
uvicobis xanida modis.
ibni hibbanis, ibni majesa da ebu davudis gadmocemul
hadisebSi: „juma dRes me bevri salavaTi mikiTxeT! eseni me
mecnobeba.~ ase brZana. sahabenma SeekiTxnen sikvdilis Semdegac gemcnobao roca hkiTxes?
miwa Suamavalnis organizms ar daalpobs. erTi morwmune
roca me salaTs mikiTxavs, angelozi me macnobebs aman da aman
Sen salaTi gamogigzavnao.
allahis Suamavali rogorc wyaloba okeanisa sahabenisTvis sicocxleSi sikvdilis Semdegav wyaloba da madlia morwmunenisa.
beqir bin abdulla muzenis gadmocemis Tanaxmad, sayvarelma Suamavalma: Cemi sicocxle TqvenTvis sikeTea. me momiyvebiT rac gsurT. mec Tqven mogiyvebi da gangimartav. Cemi
sikvdilic TqvenTvis sikeTea. Tqvens saqmeebs me maCveneben.
Tuki kargi iqneba Tqveni sameni, uzenaes allahs madlobas
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
gadauxdi. Tuki cudi iqneba saqmeni Tqvenni maSin uzenaes allahs Tqvens Sendobas da patiebas vTxov.
qusem bin abbass Suamavalis dasaflavebis pativi daedo.
yvelaze bolos igi amovida saflavidan da Tqva:
Suamavalis dalocvili pirisaxe yvelaze bolos me davinaxe. saflavSi dalocvil bageebs aqanebda. me davixare da yuri
davade, RmerTo Cemo! Cemi mimdevarni!... RmerTo Cemo! Cemi
mimdevarni!... ase ambobda.
allahis Suamavalis xilva
allahis Suamavalis ZilSi an sifxizlesi xilva SesaZlebelia? Tuki vixilavT es Tavadaa Tu sxvaa? swavlulebma am
SekiTxvas gansxvavebuli pasuxebi upasuxes. konsesusi miRweulia Suamavalis saflavSi sicocxleze, magram xilvaze
gansxvavebuli pasuxebi aris. erT-erT hadisSi: `me vinc sizmarSi mixilac, sifxizlesi xilvis msgavsia.~
amitom imam nevevi brZanebs: misi sizmarSi xilva igive rogorc sifxizleSi, hadisSi ase gvamcnobs; `me vinc sizmarSi
mixilavs WeSmaritad me mixila, vinaidan eSmaki Cems formaSi
ver Seva.~
ibrahim leyani brZanebs: „hadisis swavlulebi ase gvamcnoben Suamavalis sizmarsic da sifxizleSic xilva SesaZlebelia. orive mdgomareobis Taobaze uamrva mtkicebuleba
gadmouciaT romelTac qvemod gadmogcemT.
muhiddin CeSTi qveynebs mogzaurobda da iq sasaflaoebebs inaxulebda, iq droebiT rCeboda. roca mas gaicnobdnen iqidan Cumad wamodioda. aseTnairad meqaSi Cavida qabe
inaxula da medinaSi gaemgzavra. Suamavalis saflavi roca
moinaxula, saflavidan xma moesmaT, „muhiddini daiZaxeT“.
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mesaflavem muhiddini daiZaxeTo brZana, magram iq uamravi
muhiddini iyo amitom, ukan Sebrunda da romeli muhiddi-
saflavSi cxovreba
o
nio ikiTxa, saflavidan pasuxi miiRo muhiddin CeSTio da
dauZaxa muhiddin CeSTis, muhiddin CeSTis saxe Seecvala,
Suamavalis sasaflaosTan miuaxlovda salavaTi CaukiTxa da
mokrZalebiT fexze dadga. saflavidan xma moesma o, muhiddin SigniT Semodi xma moesma.
sayvarelma Suamavalma brZana: „Sen Cemi sarwmunoebis msaxuri xar. Sen indoeTSi unda waxvide. indoeTSi wadi, iq ejmiris
saxelis qalaqi arsebobs. iq Cemi SviliSvilebidan seid huseinis saxelis kaci aris. is axla Sehidi gaxda. ejmiri urwmunos
xelSi unda CauvardeT. Seni iq Casvli sababiTa da madliT, islami gavrceldeba da urwmunoni damarcxdebian. Semdeg mas
broweuli misca; am broweuls kargaT Sexeda da is gamcnobs
Tu sad unda waxvideo. muhiddin CeSTim Suamavalis micemuli
broweuli aiRo da rogorc ubrZana ise Sexeda, dasavleti da
aRmosavleTi mTlianad ixila.~
ahmed rifai hajSi wavida. roca hajoba daasrula medinaSi
Suamavalis saflavis mosanaxuleblad gaemgzavra, mivida iq
da leqsi warmoTqva:
Sorsaa miwa
dasakocnad batono
me ver moval
veqilad suls gamovgzavni
axla Seni naxva
wilad mergo me
momeci dalocvili xeli
bagem akocos sayvarelo.
rodesac leqsi daamTvara, Suamavalis saflavidan dalocvili xelebi gamoCda. ahmed rifaim mokrZalebulad xelebi
daukocna. iq myofma yvela, gaocebuli uyures am mdgomareobas. Semdeg ravzai muttaharas karebi Camowva. tirili
daiwyo da Cemze gadaiareTo xalxs Sevedra xalxma sxva karebidan gamovidnen, es ambavi mTel qveyanas moedo da aseTnai-
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
rad moaRwia dRemde.
ibni abidini qerameTebiT aRsacse pirovneba iyo, roca
xuTi drois losva loculobda TexiaTze dajdomid ros
Suamavalis xedavda da tu ver dainaxavda xelmeored loculobda am locvas.
islamis swavlulebidan imami rabbanma Tqva marxvis bolo
aTi dRe iyo, sawolze wamowolili viyavi da Tvalebi daxuWuli mqonda. vigrZeni rom, Cems sawolze viRaca Camojda.
avaxile Tvalebi rom, ras vxedav. winaT myofTa da SemdegTa
batoni sayvareli Suamavalia.
sayvarelma Suamavalma miTxra; „SenTan nebarTvis mosacemad movedi. aravisTvis aseTi nebarTva ar mimicia.~
abdul yadir jeilani RunieSi ibrahim Temimis gadmocemas
gadmogvcems:
hizirma mamcno rom, Tuki sizmarSi sayvareli Suamavalis
naxva gsurs, saRamos locvis Semdeg aravis daelaparako Ramis locvamde, Semdeg evvabis losva iloce da or muxlze
selami mieci. yuvel muxlze faTixa da Svili ihlasi ikiTxe. Ramis locva jemaReTiT aRavline da mere saxlSi rom
moxval viTri saxlSi iloce. dawolis win ori muxli iloce da aseve faTiha da Svidi ihlasi ikiTxe. locvis Semdeg
sejdeze daemxe da Svidjer uzenaesi allahisgan Sendoba
iTxove, Svidjer subhanellahi velhamdulillahi vela yuvveTe illa billahil aliil azim, ikiTxe. Semdeg sejdedan
wamodeqi da muxlebze daCoqili xelebi maRla aRapyari da
Seevedre; „iaa haiu, ia yaium, ia zeljelali vel iqram, ia
ilahel evveline vel ahirin ve ia rahman ed-dunia vel ahireTi ve rahimehuma, ia rabbi, ia rabbi, ia rabbi, ia allah, ia
allah, ia allah.
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Semdeg fexze wamodeqi da igive vedreba ikiTxe. Semdeg
sejdeze daemxobi da igive vedrebas ikiTxav. Semdeg sejdidan wamodeqi da yiblisken rogorc gesurvos daiZine. sanam
saflavSi cxovreba
o
dageZinebodes SuamavalisTvis salaTi ikiTxe.
me vuTxari; minda miTxra vin gamcno es vedrebao. wminda
hizirma; nuTu Cemi ar gjerao? WeSmaritebiTurT sayvareli
Suamavalis momvlnen uzenaes allahs geficebi rom, mjerao
ase miuge.
wminda hizirma Tqva: me im dros iq viyavi roca Suamavali
Tavis sahabens am vedrebas aswavlida.
misi darigebis Tanaxmad moviqeci. loginSi salaTis kiTxva
daviwye, da imdenad avRSfoTdi rom, suamavali unda menaxa
sizmarsi Zili damefTxo da dilamde ar dameZina.
dilis losva viloce da mzis amosvlamde davjeqi. duha
viloce da CemTavs vuTxari saRamobamde mivaRwevda igives
gavakeTeb amaRamac Tqo. am dros CamZineboda. sizmarSi angelozebi movidnen da samoTxeSi wamiyvanes. iq lalis, zurmuxtisa da margalitis sasaxleebi vnaxe, Taflis, rZisa da
sxvadasxva sasmisebis mdinareebi.
me am angelozebs vkiTxe es koSki visi romelic davinaxe.
es maTTvisaa vinc Senis msgavsad moiqceva. samoTxis sasmisi
da saWmelis davagemobvne da samoTxidan gamomiyvanes. Semdeg iq momiyvanes saidanac wamiyvanes.
Semdeg, Suamavalis gverdiT 70 Suamavali da yvela mwkrivs
Soris aRmosavleTidan dasavleTamde 70 mwkrivi angelozebi
CemTan movidnen da salami momces da xeli CamWides. am dros
me; „o, allahis Suamavalo! hizirma macnoba rom es hadisi
Sengan gaugonia marTalia? sayvarelma Suamavalma; „hizirma
WeSmariteba Tqva, rac gadmogca WeSmaritebaa. hiziri dedamiwaze yvelaze swavlulia. RvTismoSiSTa batonia. dedamiwaze
allahis jariskacebidanaa.~
me xemeored; o, allahis Suamavalo! am saqmis Semsrulebels, sxva rame sazRauri ergeba; `rac Sen dainaxe imaze
ukeTesi ra unda ixilo? Sen samoTxeSi Seni adgili dainaxe.
samoTxis xili miirTvi da samoTxis sasmelemi svi. Cems erTad 497
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
Suamavlebi da angelozebi ixile.~
kide SevekiTxe; o, allahis Suamavalo me rac gavakeTe iseTi rom gaakeTos da Cemis msgavsad rom ver naxos igive sazRauri ergeba. `Cemi WeSmarit Suamavlad gamomgzavnel RmerTs
geficebi rom, Cadenili yvela danaSauli epatieba. uzenaesi
allahi misidan risxvas moxsnis. Cemi WeSmarit Suamavlad gamomgzavnel RmerTs geficebi rom, rac Sen sizmarSi naxe isic
rom ver naxos, igive sikeTe eweva. zecidan xma, uzenaesma allahma am saqmis gamkeTebels aRmosavleTidan dasavleTamde
muhammedis ummeTis Cadenili codva apatiao, moesmineba.~
o, allahis Suamavalo! Seni silamazisa da samoTxis msgavsad rac me vixile, iseTnairad imasac es madli daedeba?
diax yvela miecema; brZana. o, allahis Suamavalo! qalebze
da kacebze, yvelaze mormunenze am vedrebis Seswavleba SesaZlebelia. `Cemi WeSmarit Suamavlad gamomgzavnel RmerTs
geficebi rom, am saqme mxolod allahis sayvareli msaxurnis
garda veravin gaakeTebs.~
vinc sizmarSi muhammed Suamavals ixilavs, man namdvilad
muhammed Suamavali ixila, vinaidan eSmaki muhammed Suamavalis formaSi ver Seva. magram SesaZlebelia eSmakma sxva
formiT gamoecxados, Tuki muhammed Suamavals ver icnobs,
imisTvis garCeva Znelia.
zogi swavlulebi amboben rom, sizmarSi SesaZlebelia rom,
Suamavali sxva formaSi ixilo magram es imis mimaniSnebelia
rom, sarwmunoebaSi raRaca naklulebi gaaCnia, magram vinc
Suamavals sizmarSi ixilavs igi samoTxeSi moxvdeba.
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ebu hureira Semdeg hadiss gvamcnobs; „vinc juma Rames or
muxls ilocavs, yovel muxlze faTixas, aieTelqurss, da 15 ihlass ikiTxavs, locvis Semdeg 1000-jer allahu meselli Rela
muhammedin nebiiulummi CaikiTxos, meore jumamde sizmarSi
naxavs. imis warsuli da momavali codvebi epatieba. samoTxe
maTTvisaa vinc me mixilavs.
saflavSi cxovreba
o
sayvareli Suamavalis saflavis monaxuleba
sayvareli Suamavali brZanebs; `vinc Cemi sikvdilis Semdeg
Cems saflavze mova da minaxulebs, imis msgavsi vinc me sicocxleSi mixilos. vinc Cems saflavs moinaxulebs Suamdgomloba
savaldebulo gaxdeba.~ es hadisi, ibni huzeimem, bezzarma,
dari quTnim da taberim gvamcno. bezzari sxva hadisSi ki;
`Cemi saflavis mnaxvelisTvis Cemi Suamdgomloba helalia.~
muslimisa, da ebu beqri bin meqarinin muRjemSi gadmocemul
hadisSi; „vinc Cemi monaxulebisTvis mova da sxva ganzraxva ar
aqvs, aRdgomis dRes, masze Cemi Suamdgomloba savaldebulo
gaxda.~ am hadisSi allahis Suamavali medinaSi misi saflavis
momnaxvels Suamdgomlobis gaweva aRuTqva.
dare qumis gadmocemul sxva hadisSi; „vinc hajs aRasrulebs, da Cems saflavs ar moinaxulebs me guls matkens“
brZana. Suamavalis saflavis monaxulebiT msaxurni madls
moigeben.
amisTvis, fiqihis swavlulebi, hajis aRsrulebis, medine munevveris monaxuleba da iq locvaa urCeviaT. amis Semdeg yvela is adgili sadac Suamavali vahs iRebda da sadac sahabeni dadioden amaTi monaxuleba urCeviaT. amitomac
dReisaTvis hajebi medine munevveres moinaxuleben.
islami swavlulebis mze ebu hanife brZanebs rom, saflavis monaxuleba musTehabia da vajibTan axlosaa.
vinc Suamavalis saflavs moinaxulebs, man bevri salaTi
unda ikiTxos. zemoT mogaxseneT rom, CakiTxuli salaTebi
SuamavalTan midis. Suamavalis saflavis monaxulebis wesi
Semdegnairad unda Sesrulde: rodesac medine munevveres
Soridan davinaxavT salaTi da selami unda CaikiTxo. Semdeg; „allahumme haza haremu nebiiqe, fejeRelhu viyaieTen
lii minennar ve emanen minel Rezab ve suil hisab. Tuki SesaZlebelia qalaqSi Sesvlamde an meCeTSi Sesvlamde tani
unda daibano. kargi sunamo moismeba. axali, sufTa samosi
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
unda Caicva. radganac es yvelaferi pativsacemadaa. medine
munevvereSi mSvidad Sesvla saWiroebs. bismillahi veRela
milleTi resulilah Tqmis Semdeg, isra suras 80 aiaTi unda
ikiTxo: vinc hmorCilebs Suamavals, ueWvelad, is allahis
morCilia. da vinc Segaqcios saxe, maS, ara xar wargvigzavnili guSagad maTda Sen. amis Semdeg; allahummeseli Rela
muhammedin veRela ali muhammedin. veRfirli zunubi vefteh lii ebvabe rahmeTiqe“ amis Semdeg Seisvleba mesjidi
nevebiieSi. Semdeg Suamavalis minberis gverdiT ori muxli
TahiaTul mesjidi iloceba, minberis boZi, marjvena mxaris
gverdiT unda iyos.
sayvareli Suamavali aq loculobda. es, Suamavalis saflavsa da minbers Soris adgilia. wminda hadisSi Suamavali brZanebs; „Cemi saflavisa da minvers Soris adgili samoTxis baRebidan erT-erTi baRia. Cemi minberi, auzis zemodanaa.~ Semdeg
momnaxvelma uzenaes allahs, Suamavalis saflavis monaxulebis pativisTvis sejde unda gaukeTos. vedrebis Semdeg,
fexze unda wamodges, Suamavalis saflavTan unda mivides,
oTaxSi Sevides, yibles zurgi unda Seaqcios, Suamavalis
dalocvili pirisaxis sapirispirod ori metris moSorebiT
unda dadges. ufro axlos misvla ar SeiZleba. xelis Sexeba
ar SeiZleba da ise unda idge rogorc locvaSi.
rogorc hadisebi gvamcnobs Suamavalis saflavTan angelozi dgas romelic Suamavals amcnobs yvelafers. Semdeg; esselamu Raleiqum ia seidi ia resulallah! esselamu
Raleiqe ia nebiallah! esselamu Raleiqe ia sefiallah! esselamu Raleiqe ia habiballah! esselamu Raleiqe ia nebierahmeh! esselamu Raleiqe ia SefiRel ummeh! esselamu Raleiqe
ia seidel murselin! esselamu Raleiqe ia haTemennebiin!
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uzenaesma allahma yvelaze didi wyaloba mogmadlos.
me mowme var rom, Sen Suamavluri misia Seasrule. amanaTi
Caabare. Seni ummeTi Seagone. sikvdilamde allahis gzaze
ibrZole. uzenaesma allahma Sen aRdgomis dRemde salaTi
saflavSi cxovreba
o
da salami ar mogaklos. o, allahis Suamavalo. Cven SenTan
Sori gzidan CamovediT. Seni saflavi movinaxuleT, Seni
valis mosaxdelaT, Seni gakeTebulis axlodan dasanaxavad,
Seni ziarebis baraqiT, movediT raTa uzenaesi allahis winaSe Suamdgomloba gagviwio. vinaidan Secdomebma welSi mogvxara, codvebma mxrebze dagvawva. o, allahis Suamavalo!
meyami mahmudi Sen aRgiTqva uzenasma allahma.
uzenaesi allahi nisa suras 64 aiaTSi ase brZanebs: `Cven
arcerTi Suamavali ar warmogvigzavnia, Tu ara imisTvis, rom
damorCilebodnen mas allahis nebiT. da Tu egeni roca TavianT Tavs avnebdnen, SenTan rom mosuliyvnen, da mere miteveba
eTxovaT allahisTvis da miteveba SeeTxova (allahze) maTTvis Suamavals; ueWvelad, dainaxavdnen isini, rom allahi mimtevebelia, mwyalobelia. Cven Sens winaSe movediT. magram Cvev
sulns Cvensas usamarTlod moveqeciT. codvebis Sendoba gvsurs.~
o, allahis Suamavalo! uzenaesi allahis winaSe Suamdgomloba gagviwie. o, allahis Suamavalo! uzenaes allahs Seevedre CvenTvis, raTa ar movkvdeT Tu ara muslimad, aRdgomis dRes Sens erTad viyoT, Sens auzSi movideT, da iqidan
davlioT. o, allahis Suamavalo Seni Suamdgomloba gvesaWiroeba aseTnairad unda Seevedro“... da romelnic movidnen
Semdeg amboben: `RmerTo Cveno, mogviteve cven da Cvens Zmebs,
romlebmac rwmenaSi gagvaswres. ar Cagvinergo gulebSi Suri
maT mimarT, romelTac irwmunes, RmerTo Cveno, ueWvelad, Sen
Semcodebeli, mwyalobeli xar. haSr suras 10 aiaTi unda vikiTxoT.~
Semdeg vinc selami dagabara selami unda gadavsceT; esselamu Raleiqe ia rasulallah! amada amas uzenaesi allahis
winaSe Seni Suamdgomloba surs. imas da yvela muslimebs
gamoeqomage aseTnairad unda vTqvaT da ramdeni salacaTiv
gsurs imdeni ikiTxe. Semdeg naxevari metro marjvni wminda
ebu beqiris Tavis gaswvriv unda moxvide; esselamu Raleiqum
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
o, Suamavalis halifav! esselamu Raleiqum o, sayvareli Suamavalis megobaro maRaroSi. uzanaesma allahma Sen rogorc
muslimebis liders yvelaze Zvirfasi sazRauri mogmadlos.
Sen Suamavalis saukeTeso halifa iyavi. yvelaze ukeTesad
misi WeSmariti gza gaagrZele. murTedebi (WeSmariti gzidan ganSorebulebs) bolomdes ebrZole. mudam WeSmaritebas
icavdi. gardacvalebamde WeSmarit gzaze myofebs daexmare. uzenaesi allhis salami, baraqa da wyaloba Senze iyos.
RmerTo Cemo! Seni wyalobiT, mis siyvarulze suli amacale.
misi monaxuleba amaod ar hqmna. aseTnairad unda iqnas Sevedrebuli.
Semdeg kide, naxevari merte marjvniv, wminda omaris saflavis gaswvriv unda mixvide; esselami Raleiqum o, morwmunenis mbrZanebelo! esselamu Raleiqum o, islamis gamavrcelebelo. uzenaesma alalhma umaRlesi sazRauri mogmadlos.
sicocxlesic da sikvdilis Semdegac islamsa da muslimebs
Seewie. oblebi daicavi. naTesavebs daexmare. muslimebis WeSmarit gzaze damadgeni iyavi. Ratakebi gaamdidre maTi Wrilobebi moaSuSe. uzenaesi allahis salami, baraqa da wyaloba Senze iyo; aseTnairad unda vTqvaT.
Semdeg wminda ebu beqirisa da omaris ase unda mimarTo;
„esselamu Raleiquma ia dajiai-resulillah ve refiyaihi
vezireihi ve muSireihi vel muavineini lehu Ralel yiami
fiddini vel yaimeini baRdehu bi-mesalih-il-muslimin.“ Suamavalis uzenaesi allahidan Suamdgomloba, Cveni gavlis miReba, Cveni islamis religiaze mokdineba da islamis religiiT gacocxleba da aRdgomis dRes Suamavalis axloblebTan
erTad gacocxelba...
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Semdeg dedmamisTvis da yvela muslimebisTvis unda Seevedro uzenaes allahs. Semdeg Suamavalis dalocvili saxis
pirispir unda dadge da ase Seevedro; „RmerTo Cemo! „Cven
arcerTi Suamavali ar warmogvigzavnia, Tu ara imisTvis, rom
damorCilebodnen mas allahis nebiT. da Tu egeni roca Tavi-
saflavSi cxovreba
o
anT Tavs avnebdnen, SenTan rom mosuliyvnen, da mere miteveba
eTxovaT allahisTvis da miteveba SeeTxova (allahze) maTTvis
Suamavals; ueWvelad, dainaxavdnen isini, rom allahi mimtevebelia, mwyalobelia.“ nisa suras 64 aiaTis Tanaxmad RmerTo
Cveno! Cveni Suamavalis Suamdgomloba gvsurs Sens winaSe.
amis Semdeg da romelnic movidnen Semdeg amboben: RmerTo
Cveno, mogviteve cven da Cvens Zmebs, romlebmac rwmenaSi
gagvaswres. ar Cagvinergo gulebSi Suri maT mimarT, romelTac irwmunes, RmerTo Cveno, ueWvelad, Sen Semcodebeli,
mwyalobeli xar. haSr suras 10 aiaTis CakiTxvis Semdeg; rabbeneRfir lena veli abaina veli ummehaTina veli ihvaninellezine sebeyu bil iman. rabbena aTina... da subhane rabbiqe...
am aiaTebis kiTxvis Semdeg monaxuleba dasruldeba.
Semdeg Suamavalis saflavsa da minbers Soris, romel boZzec ebu lubabem davi daiba da ase moinania iq unda mixvide.
aq ori muxli locva iloceba da Sendoba SeiTxoveba. rac
gsur imas Seevedrebi. Semdeg ravzai mutahharasTan unda
mixvide. es oTxkuTxed figurasaviT adgilia. aq ramdenic
genebos imdeni muxli locva aRivlineba. vedrebas gaakeTeb.
uzenaes allahs qeba-didebas Seasxam. minberTan mixval. sayvareli Suamavalis baraqis ziarebisaTvis, Suamavalis huTbis kiTxvis dros mosmuli xelis adgilize xeliT Seexebi.
or muxl namazs ilocav aq. uzenaesi allahidan isurveb imas
rac genebos. uzenaesi allahis risxvidan, wyalobas miekedlebi. Semdeg hannanes boZTan moxval, es boZi is boZia rodesac Suamavalma huTbis wasakiTxad minberze gadavida da
boZma tirili daiwyo, Suamavali Zirs Camovida da gulSi Caikra boZi, mas Semoexvia da boZmac tirili daasrula. sanam aq
darCebi yurani unda ikiTxo da bevri locva aRavlino.
Suamavalis dalocvili meuRleebis oTaxebi; wminda iaSes
oTaxi sam metr simaRleze, kirpiCiTa da xumris totebiT
aris agebuli. erTi kari dasavleTiT meore CrdiloeTiT
aqvs. dasavleTis kari ravzai mutahharas mxares aqvs. wminda
omaris halifobis bolo wlebSi meCeTis teritoriis gafar- 503
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
Toeba moxda da am oTaxebis garSemo qvisgan dabali kedeli
Semoertya.
abdullah bin zubeiris halifobis dros es kedeli dangreuli inqna da Savi qvisgan ufro magari kedeli Semoertya. am kedels SrdiloeTidan kari aqvs. wminda hasanis 49
wels gardacvalebis Semdeg anderZis Tanaxmad Tavisma Zmam
huseinma, Tavisi ufrosi Zmis cxedari am oTaxebTan moitana,
magaram SigniT ar Seatanines, mere waiRes da sasaflao baqize daasaflaves. aseTnairad rom kide sxva raime ar momxdariyo es kari daketili iqna.
omaianebis meeqvse halifa velidma roca iqi meqas gubernatori iyo, es kedeli aamaRla da patara gumbaTiT gadaaxurvina. aseTnairad sami sasaflaos garedan danaxva SeuZlebi gaxda da SigniT Sesvla SeuZlebeli. rova omer ibni
abluazizi meqas gubernatori iyo, 707 (h.88) halife velidis
brZanebiT umwiklo sayvareli Suamavalis meuRleebis oTaxebi daamgrevia da meCeTis teritoria gaafarTova. aseve am
kedlis garSemo xuTkuTxedi kedeli Semoartymevia.
eraySi aTabagebis periodSi, aTabagebis vezirma da salahaTTin eiubis biZaSvilama jemalettin isfahanim, 1189 (h.584)
wels am oTaxebs, sandalozis xisgan da merqanisgan meCeTis
Weramde muajiri gaakeTebia.
magram pirvelma cecxlis gaCenam 1289 wels dawva da rkinisgan muajiri gaukeTes da mwvaned gaRebes. am muajirs
„Sebeqei-saadeTi“ ewodeba. Sebeqei-saadeTis yiblis (samxreT)
mxares „muvajehei-seadeTi“ aRmosavleT mxares „yademi seadeTi“ dasavleT mxares „ravzai mutahhara“ CrdiloeT mxares
ki, hujrei-fatima ewodeba.
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meqqe muqerreme, medine munevveres samxreTiT mdebareobs,
mesjidi nevebis SuagulSi, e.i. ravzai mutahharadan, vinc
yibliskeb Setrialdeba marcxena mxares hujre-i seadeTi,
marjvena mxares ki, minberia.
saflavSi cxovreba
o
847 (h.232) wels Sebeqe-i seadeTisa da garedan Semortymuli kedlis Soris arsebuli marmarilos qvebi garkveul
droebSi Secvlili iqna. es davaleba bolos sulTanma abdul mejidma Seasrula.
hujre-i seadeTs xuTkuTxedi kedlis erTad, zemodan
yubbeTun nuris saxelwodebis patara gumbaTi gaukeTda.
otomanTa sulTanis mxridan gagzavnili qisve-i Serife am
gumbaTze gadaxuruli iqna. yubbeTun nuris Zemodan arsebuli mesjidi seadeTis did mwvane gumbaTs yubbeTul hadra
ewodeba. Sebeqe-i saadeTis saxelwodebis muhajirs garedan
Camosmuli safari yubbetul hadras qveda TaRebs eeba. am
gareTa da SigniTa fardebs seTTare ewodeba.
Sebeqe-i seadeTs aRmosavleTidan, dasavleTidan da samxreTidan TiTo kari aqvs. Sebeqe-i seadeTis SigniT haremi Serifis didebulTa garda veravin Sevidoda. isedac karisa da
fanjaris ar qonis gamo mxolod gumbaTize patara xvreli
aqvs, mavTulis RoburaTi aris daxuruli. am xvrelis gaswvrib yubbeTul sahrazec patara xvreli gamouWriaT. mesjidi Serifis gumbaTi 1837 (h. 1253) wlamde tyviis feri iyo.
sulTanma meore mahmudis brZanebiT mwvaned SeiReba. 1872 (h.
1289) wels abdulaziz hanis brZanebiT xelmeored gadaiReba.
mesjidi seadeTis restavraciisaTvis sulTan abdulmejid
hanma aTasobiT oqro gaxarja, manamde amdeni fuli misi restavraciisaTvis aravis dauxarjavs. haremeinis restavraciisaTvis 700 aTasi oqro daxarjula da restavracia 1861
(h.1277) wels dasrulebula.
Suamavalis saflavis monaxulebis Semdeg bayi sasaflaos
monaxulebac musTehabia (mowonebuli qmedebaa). semdeg sxva
sasaflaoebis monaxuleba, Sehidebis da kerZod wminda hamzas saflavis monaxuleba gansakuTrebulia. aseve bayis sasaflaoze wminda abbasis da iq dakrZaluli hasan bin alis,
zeinelabidin, muhammed bayis da jaferi sadiyis, muslimTa
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
mbrZaneblis wminda osmanis, Suamavalis Svilis wminda ibrahimis, Suamavalis umwiklo meuRleebis, mamida safies da sxva
uamravis sahabesa da Tabiinis monaxuleba saWiroebs. bayiSi
fatimas meCeTSi locva mniSvnelovania. xuTSabaT dRes uhudis Sehidebis monaxuleba musTehabia. iq amis warmoTqma; selamun Raleiqum bima sabarTum. feniRme Ruybeddar. selamun
Raleiqum ia ehle daril yavmil muminin ve inna inSa allahu
an yaribin biqum lahiyun.“ Semdeg aieTel qursi da ihlasis
sura ikiTxeba.
vinc hujre-i saadeTs moinaxulebs Zalian mokr/zalebuli
unda iyos, man yovelgvari miwieri unda daiviwyos da ise
unda Seevedros uzenaes allahs vinaidan miwieris vedrebaSi
Camtanebis vedreba ar miiReba.
hujre-i seadeTis monaxuleba pativdadebuli RvTismsaxurebaa. vinc amas ar irwmunebs, SeiZleba islamis CarCoebidan
gadavides. radganac isisni, vinc mniSvnelovnad ar Tvlis
amis monaxulebas, uzenaesi allahisa da Suamavalis winaRmdeg wasvlaSi aRmoCndebian. zogierT maliqi swavlulebs
Suamavlis saflavis monaxuleba vajibaT miuCeneviaT, magaram umetesis mixedviT musTehabia.
salavaTi Serifis madli
allahis Suamavalis saxelis xsenebisas da dawerisas, pativiscemis gamoxatvisTvis misTvis selavaTi Serifis CakiTxva, yvelaze mniSvnelovani davalebaa. wminda yuranSi ahzab
suras 56 aiaTSi; `ueWvelad, allahi da misi angelozebi locaven Suamavals. hoi Tqven, romelnmac irwmuneT! SeevedreT
misTvis da mxurvalebiT miesalmeT.~
mufessirebi am aiaTSi moxsenebul salaT-is sityvas. uzenaesi allahis mxridan wyalobas, angelozebidan Sendobis
Txovnas SuamavalisTvis allahze da mormunenidan vedrebis
mniSvnelobas aniWeben. yvela islamis swavlulebi, sayvareli
506 Suamavalis saxelis moxsenebisas an dawerisas upirvelesze
n
saflavSi cxovreba
o
vajibs (aucilebels) meorejel ki musTehabad miiCneven.
Tuki vinme uzenaes allahs raimes Seevedreba upirvelesad uzenaesi allahi unda ganadidos da Seaqos Semdeg sayvareli SuamavalisTvis unda Sevedros, salaTi warmoTqvas.
aseTnairad gakeTebuli vedreba uzenaesi allahis mxrida
ufro miRebulia. ori salaTiani vedreba (vedrebis dasawyisSi da dasasrulSi CakiTxuli „allahummeshvelli“)-iT Secrulebuli vedreba ukan ar gamobrundeba.
ebu talha mogviTxrobs: „allahis Suamavalis winaSe Sevedi. igi ise gaxarebuli davinaxe rom jer ar menaxa ase. sababi
SevekiTxe; „rogor ar mixarodes? cota xnis win jibrilma samaxaroblo momitana. uzenaesma allahma brZana rom: „Cem msaxurTagan vinc SenTvis erT salavaTs CaikiTxavs, uzenaesi allahi, mas sazRaurad, aT selavaTs miZRvnis“.
am Temis gaswvriv hadisebidan zogierTi SemdegSi mdgomarebs:
„vinc Cems saxels gaigonebs da salaTu selams ar CaikiTxavs
cxviriT gaertyas miwaze. vinc ramazanis Tves moeswreba da
codvebs ver Camoiyris cxviriT gaertyas miwaze. ded- mama visac dauberdeba da amas moeswreba da samoTxeSi ver moxdeba
cxviriT iqnas gartymuli miwaze. vinc Cems saxels gaigonebs
da salaTu selams ara CaikiTxavs, Zunwze Zunwia.~
ebu hureira gvamcnobs; sahabeebidan zogierTi Suamavals
SeekiTxa, Tu rogor unda mieca salavaTi allahis Suamavalma brZana: „allahumme salli Ralaa muhammedin ve ezvajihi ve
zurrieTihi qema salleiTe Rale ibrahime ve baariq Ralaa muhammedin ve ezvacihi ve zurriaTihi qema baareqTe Ralaa ibrahime inneqe hamidun mejid“ TqviT.
erTi pirovneba ase gadmogvcems: Cemma erT-erTma megobarma werili momwera, sadac Suamavali saxeli iyo moxsenebuli
yvelgan ase daewera „sallallahu Raleihi vesellem Teslimen qesiren qesira“ rova vnaxe sababi SevekiTxel; „axal-
n
507
o
sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
gazrdobaSi hadisis wignebi davwere. allahis Suamavalis
dalocvili sxelebis daweris Semdeg selavaTi ar damiweria.
sizmarSi sayvareli Suamavali vnaxe, miuaxlovdi. dalocvili
saxe Semaqcia. meore mxares gadavedi isev Semaqcia. vuTxari
o, allahis Suamavalo! ratom maqcevT pirisaxes Tqo?“ SevekiTxe. brZana; „radganac Sen wignSi, roca Cems saxels swerdi, me salaTi ar momaniWe!“ amis Semdeg misi saxelis daweris
Semdeg yovelTvis salaTs vweri.
wminda hadisSi; „vinc CemTvis salaTs CaikiTxavs mas uzenaesi allahi aTjer Seibralebs, mas aT codvas Seundobs da aTi
xarisxiT aRamaRlebs.“
aRdgomis dRes CemTan yvelaze axlo, Cemi Suamdgomlobis
yvelaze Rirsi, Cemze bevrjel salaTu selami momniWevelia.~
uzenaesma allahma musas; „o, musa, ena sityvidan, guli
fiqridan, tani sulidan, Tvalis sinaTleze CemTan axlos
yofna gsurs Tu ara?“ ra Tqma unda RmerTo Cemo. „maSin,
muhammeds bevri salaTu selami CaukiTxe. „o, musa, aRdgomis
dRes, ginda Tu ara rom uwyloba ar gaswio?“ brZana. ra Tqma
unda RmerTo Cemo. „ maSin, muhammeds bevri salaTi CaukiTxeo“.
sayvareli Suamavali brZanebs:
„aRdgomis dRes CemTan yvelaze axlo, dedaiwaze CemTvis bevri salaTis CamkiTxaviao. juma dResa da Rames me 100 salaTi
gamomigzavneT, uzenaesi allahi 100 saWadels agisrulebT.
samocda aTi imier soflis, ocdaaTi amiersoflisaa. Semdeg
uzenaesi allahi angelozis saSualebiT am salaTebs Cems
saflavSi moitans. Tqvenze moZRvnili saCuqaris msgavsi iqneba, is angelozi me macnobebs gamomgzavnis saxels gvarsa da
toms. CemTan arsebul cariels furcelze dasweris. sikvdilis Semdeg Cemis Semecneba sicocxlis msgavsia.
n
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roca xuTSabaTi dRe dadgeba, uzenaesi allahi, angelozebs
warmogzavnis romelTac vercxlis rveulebi da oqros kalme-
saflavSi cxovreba
o
bi aqvT. isini xuTSabaT dResa da juma Rames Suamavalze gamogzavnis salaTebs dasweren.
roca ori muslimi erTmaneTs Sexvdeba, miesalmeba da Suamavalze salavaTs ityvis, gamomSvidobebamde winaT arsebuli da
Semdegi codvebi ieteveba.
roca romelime Tqvengani meCeTSi Seva, Suamavals miesalmos
da, o, RmerTo Cemo eWmakidan damiceo Seevedros.
erT-erTi gadmocemis Tanaxmad: „gamosvlisas, allahumme
inni eseluqe min fadliqe“ ikiTxos. vedrebis dasawyisi uzenaesi allahis gandideba da dabolaveba allahis SuamavalisTvis salaTi ar aris aseTi vedreba fardis ukan darCeba.
Tuki dasawyisSi qeba-didebaa da salaTiani vedreba miRebulia.
Tuki allahis Suamavalisa da misi ojaxisTvis ar iqneba
salaTi CakiTxuli vedrebasa da zecas Soris farda aris.
roca salavaTi CaikiTxeba farda gauxeva da vedreba zecaSi
miswvdeba. Tuki ar iqneba CakiTxuli aseTi vedreba ukan dabrundeba.
Tuki erT-erT sazogadoebSi allahis saxelis qeba-dideba
da allahis Suamavalis salaTi ar iqneba CakiTxuli, maTTan
maTraxi mova, inebebs risxvas daatexs, inebebs miutevebs.
visac yurTa smena aqvs me gamixsenos da salaTi mikiTxos.
vinc raime ganizraxavs, im Temaze konsultacia gaiaros.
uzenaesi allahi im saqmeSi warmatebuls hqmnis. Tuki raimes
Tqma unda da daaviwydeba, me salaTi CamikiTxos. vinaidan
sityvisaTvis winamorbedi arsebobs. egeb Seaxsenos.
keTili saqme Tuki allahis saxeliT da Cemi gaxsenebiT ar
iqneba dawyebuli, igi gawyvetilia da baraqa gamoclilia.
islamis didebulTagan, ebu hafs qaRidi roca gardaicvala, erTma sizmarsi naxa da SeekiTxa uzenaesma allahma rogor mogepyroo. miugo; „me Semiwyala, Semindo da samoTxeSi 509
n
o
sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
damamkvidrao.“ ra sababiTo. me angelozebs Soris damayena. Semi codvebi da Suamavalze Cemgan gagzavnili salaTebi
awona. Cemi salavaTi meti armoCnda. uzenaesma allahma maT:
„hoi angelozno Tqveni saqme dasrulebulia. sxva aRaraferi
SeekiTxoTo. igi samoTxeSi SeiyvaneTo“ brZana.
winaparTagan erT-erTi mogviTxrobs: erTi Cveni megobari gardaicvala romelic CvenTan erTad hadiss swavlobda. sizmarsi vnaxe igi mwvane Zvirfas samosSi. roca sababi
vkiTxe: „yvela hadisis wakiTxvisas allahis Suamavalis saxeli sadac momyveboda, „sallallahu Raleihi ve sellem“-s
davwerdi. uzenaesma allahma amisaTvis es sazRauri mommadlao“.
isev winaparTagan erT-erTi mogviTxrobs: erTi mwerali
mezobeli gardaicvala. igi sizmarSi vnaxe. vkiTxe Tuki rogor mogevnen Tqo. man momigo uzenaesma allahma mimitevao.
SevekiTxe ra sababidan gamomdinareo. Suamvalis saxelis daweris Semdeg „sallallahu Raleihi ve sellem“-s vwerdio.
ebu sufian darani gadmogvcems: hadisi daweris dros, pativcemuli saxelebis daweris bolos, sallallahu Raleihis“ „ve sellem“-s ar vwerdi. sizmarSi Suamavali damesizmra. me mibrZana rom: `o, eba sufian, hadisSi roca Cems saxels
dasweri, salaTla erTad ve sellemic dawere. igi oTxi asobgeraa. yvela asobgeras 10 madli moaqvs. ormoc madls iqnebi
mowyvetili Tuki ar daswerio.“ aeve erT-erTic ase akeTebda
imas ki sizmarSi: „Sen ra gemarTeba ro, me salaTs mTlianad ar
miwerio?“
ebu beqri siddiyi brZanebs: „visac eSinia rom amnezia ar
daemarTos, allahis Suamavals bevri salati gaugzavnos.“
n
510
keTilismqmnelTagan muhammed bin said bin muTarrifi gadmogvcems: yovel RamiT dawolos win gansazRvrul salaTs
vkiTxulobdi, erT Rames sizmarSi Suamavali movida. saxlSi
Semovida. naTeliT gaivso oTaxi. Semdeg Cemsken wamovida:
saflavSi cxovreba
o
„moswie, eg bageebi romliTav me uamrav salaTs mikiTxav dagikocnonao. me Semcxva bagebis mirTmeva da loya miuSvire.
dalocvili bageebiT makoca. SeSinebuli gamomeRviZa. iseTi
aromatuli suli idga oTaxSi rom jer ar menaxa. rva dRes
loyidan is suni ar gamclia.
winaparTagan halid bin qesiri rom gardaicvala, Tavs qveS
Semodebuli: „es halid bin qesiris jojoxeTidan gadarCenis
wyalobis sigelia“ aseTi warweriT qaRaldi naxes. axloblens SeekiTxnen nuki riTi iyo dakavebuli es pirovneba sicocxleSi. yovel paraskev dRes salavaTs kiTxulobdao.
Seih Rainis Zeinul mejalisSi dawerilia: allahis Suamavalma „angariSsworebis dRes sami jgufi adamianebi, roca Crdili aRarsad iqneba taxtis qveS iqnebian“. isini vinebi arian
SeekiTxnen. „Cemi mimdevrebis varamidan ganmTavisufleblebi,
Cemi gzis macocxleblebi da Cemze bevri salaTis CamkiTxvelebio“ brZana.
Seix ebu musa dariri gadmogvcems: Relvas movyeviT zRvaSi. yvela sikvdilis SiSiT tiroda. am mdgomareobaSi me Zili
momivida. sizmarSi allahis Suamavali damesizmra. uTxari
gemSi myofT 1000-jer „allahumme salli Ralaa seiiidinaa
muhammedin ve Ralaa aali seiiidinaa muhammedin, salaaTen
Tunjinaa bihaa min cemiiRil seiiiaaT ve TerfeRunaa bihaa Rindeqe eRled-derecaaT ve TubelliRunaa bihaa aysal- RaaiaaT
min jemiiRil hairaTi ve baRdel memaT“ CaikiTxon, brZana. samasjel CavikiTxeT, Relva Cavarda da gadavrCiT. es salaTi
yvela mniSvnelovan saqmis dasawyisSi da yvela belisa da
katastrofis, kataklizmebis, miwisZvris dros ikiTxeba.
dasayrden wignebSi, ormocamde salaTis versia arasebobs.
qvemoT CamovTvlit zogierTs:
allahumme salli Ralaa muhammedin ve Ralaa ali muhammed, qema sallaiTe Ralaa ibrahime, ve bariq Ralaa muhammedin ve Ralaa ali muhammed, qema bareqTe Ralaa ibrahime ve
n
511
o
sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
Ralaa ali ibrahim, inneqe hami-dun mejid.
allahume salli ve sellim ve baariq verhem Ralaa seiiidinaa muhammedin huve seiidul arabi vel ajemi ve imami meqqeTil muqerrameTi vel medineTil menevveraTi vel harem.
Rellemel insane malem iaRlem.
asluhu nurun ve nesluhu adem. baRsuhu muahharun ve halyuhu muyaddem.
ismuhuS Serifu meqTubun Ralel levhil mahfuzi biiaayil yalem.
ve jismuh-uS Serifu medfunun fil medineTil munevvereTi vel harem. ia leiTe eqTehilu Turabellezi TahT-el
yadem.
fe Tuba summe Tuba limen deRa ve TebiRehu ve limen esleme sahibeS SefaRaTi lil Ralemin.
da a. S. sxvadasxva saxis salavaTebi arsebobs...
n
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saflavSi cxovreba
o
n
513
genialurobani
srulyofili zneoba
uzenaesma allahma uamrav sikeTesTan erTad sayvarel Suamavals kargi zneobac uboZa. uzenaesi brZanebs: „Sen, kargi
zneobiT movlenili xar“. wminda iqrime gvamcnobs: „abdulla ibni abbasidan gavigone: aieTSi moxsenebuli, „xuluy-i
Reziim-i“ e.i. kargi zneobani, Zvirfasi yuranis mier naboZebi zneobaa. aieTi Sinaarsobrivad; „radganac Sen saukeTeso zneobaze adgaxar“1 xuluy-i Reziimi _ uzenaes allahTan
idumal, saidumlo kavSiris damyarebas, adamianebTan mSvenieri zneobis gamovlinebas niSnavs. Suamavlis aseTma sanimuSo zneobam xeli Seuwyo islamTan uamravi adamianis dakavSirebas.
allahis wminda Suamavlis saubari imdenad mimzidveli
iyo, rom adamianTa gulebs a dvilad ipyrobda. igi imdenad
gonieri adamiani, rom arabeTis naxevarkunZulze mcxovrebi
mkacri da daundobeli xalxebis gulebi jer Searbila xolo
Semdeg islamis SuqiT gaanaTa, mas adamianTa yuradRebis mipyrobisa da marTvis saocari unari hqonda. islamis pirvel
wlebSi kerpTayvanimcemelTa mxridan ganxorcielebuli tanjvisa da damcirebis mimarT gamoCenili samagaliTo nebisyofis simtkiciTa da moTminebiT man Tanamimdevrebs religiisadmi erTgulebis saukeTeso magaliTebi uCvena.. Sedegad
uamravma adamianma Tavisi pirvandeli rwmena miatova da islams eziara. WeSmaritebisaTvis mama-Svilma erTi-meores omi
gamoucxada, sisxli daiRvara. gasakviri isaa rom, es xalxi
ar iyo miCveuli aseT qcevebs. mSvenieri zneoba, lmobiereba,
miteveba, moTmineba, sikeTe, pativiscema imdenad Zlieri iyo
masSi rom, yvelas xiblavda. misi damnaxavi Tvali da gamgoni
yuri siamovnebiT iRebda islams. mis moqmedebaSi, saqmeSi,
n
514 1. sura yalemi, 68/4.
genialurobani
o
saubarSi vinmes Seuraxyofa, an raime xarvezi arasdros uxilavs. mas piradi saqmis an cxovrebis niadagze aravin gaunawyenebia, Tumca mkacri da ukiduresi iyo rwmenis SeuracxmyofTa mimarT.
muhammed Suamavals uamravi saocari Tviseba eboZa, romlis aRiareba, ganurCevlad mtrisa Tu moyvrisa, yvelas
mouxda, am Tvisebebidan yvelaze Zvirfasi is Tavazianoba
da mSvenieri zneoba iyo, romelic mas axasiaTebda. ebu saRid el-hudri gadmogvcems, rom, Suamavali cxovelebs balaxs miarTmevda. aqlems daabamda. saxls dagvida. cxvars
mowvelida. fexsacmels Sekeravda, tansacmels garecxavda.
mosamsaxuresTan erTad saWmels miirTmevda. bazarSi savaWrod gavidoda da SeZenili, xeliT mohqonda. roca Raribs
Tu mdidars, didsa Tu pataras gadaawydeboda upirvelesad miesalmeboda, Semdeg ki xels gauwvdida. is erTnairad
eqceoda monas, batons, TeTrkaniansa da Savkanians. visganac
unda yofiliyo mopatiJeba aucileblad stumrad wavidoda da maspinZlis morTmeuls arasodes daiwunebda. kargi
zneobis patrons, sikeTis gakeTeba uyvarda, yvelasTan karg
urTierTobas amyarebda. mudam momRimare, saamo mosaubre
laparakis dros arasdros icinoda, is darbaiseli, dinji
adamiani gaxldaT, mas sxvebisgan Tavazianoba gulmowyaleba
da guluxvoba gamoarCevda, magram is ar iyo mflangveli,
fuWad arafers gaiRebda, yvela ecodeboda. dalocvili
Tavi mudam daxrili hqonda. gamorCenas aravisgan moeloda. visac bedniereba da mSvidoba surs, muhammed Suamavali
unda aiRos cxovrebis magaliTad.
enes bin maliqi gadmogvcems : `aTi weli Suamavlis samsaxurSi dav yavi, erTxelac ar SemimCnevia misgan gawyroma.
arasdros ar uTqvams es ase an ise ratom gaakeTeo.~
ebu hureira mogviTxrobs; „erT-erT omSi, urwmunoebis
gasanadgureblad vedrebis gakeTeba vTxoveT.
amis Taobaze sayvarelma Suamavalma brZana „me, wyevla-krulvisaTvis,
n
515
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
adamianebis wamebisaTvis ki ar movlenilvar, aramed yvelasaTvis sikeTis gasakeTeblad da adamianebisaTvis mSvidi cxovrebis mosapoveblad movedi“. uzenaesi allahi sura enbias 107
aieTSi brZanebs; „Sen, samyaroSi mowyalebad, sikeTis sakeTeblad mogavlineT“-o.
enes bin maliqi gadmogvcems: „Suamavali, rodesac vinmes
miesalmeboda, sanam Semxvedri xels TviTon ar gamoarTmevda, dalocvils misi xeli manamde eWira is pirovneba sanam
wavidoda, Suamavali nisgan saxes ar miibrunebda. mosaubris
mimarT, rom upativcemuloba ar gamoevlina mis win mjdomi
fexs fexze arasodes gadaidebda.~
jabir bin sumure gadmogvcems: „Suamavali cotas laparakobda, mxolod saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi da Tuki raimes SeekiTxebodnen. aqedan gamomdinare muslimi ar unda
dakavdes arafris momtani saubriT, Tuki saubris Tema
usargebloa,unda gaCumdes. sayvareli Suamavali laparakis
dros sakmaod ganmartebulad da dalagebulad laparakobda
misi saubris gageba. sakmaod advili iyo.
enes bin maliqi mogviTxrobs: „Suamavali avadmyofs moinaxulebda, gardacvlils ukanasknel gzaze gaacilebda, mipatiJebas miiRebda e.i. stumrad wavidoda~.
enesi gadmogvcems rom: patara bavSvsac rom xeli moekida SuamavlisTvis da daxmareba eTxova, masTan wavidoda da
problemas mougvarebda.“
jabiri mogviTxrobs, rom Tuki sayvareli Suamavalisgan
vinme rames iTxovda, igi xelcariels ukan aravis uSvebda
SuamavalSi sircxvilis grZnoba yvela gaCenilze metad
iyo ganviTarebuli Tuki miuRebel rames gadaawydeboda lamis Tvalebis daxuWavda... araTavazianad aravis mimarTavda.
aiSe mogviTxrobs rom: „sayvarel Suamavals Tuki viRacis
usiamovno qmedebis Sesaxeb uambobdnen, misi saxelis moux516 seneblad, universaluri mniSvnelobiT „ratom ase akeTeben?“
n
genialurobani
o
brZanebda.~
amtgvarad cudis gamkeTebels mis Secdomas ise miaxvedrebda, rom mis saxels ar ityoda.
enes bin maliqi gadmogvcems: „erT dRes SuamavlTan mivida
pirovneba, romelsac saxezeyviTeli feris raRac nivTiereba hqonda wasmuli, magram kacobriobis siamayem ar ewyinoso,
mas araferi uTxra, xolo rodesac es pirovneba gareT gavida, Tanamimdevrebs miubrunda da uTxra: „geTqvaT da moewminda saxeze arsebulio!“
wminda Suamavali, tomebs erTmaneTTan Searigebda. maT
Soris SuRls arasodes Camoagdebda yovelive tomis winamZRols pativs dadebda da mas sapatio adgilze dasvamda.
silamazes aravis moaklebda. megobrebidan vinc masTan ar
mividoda moikiTxavda. masTan misuls daarigebda da yvelas
Tavis xvedrs argunebda.
eWvi aravis gauCndeboda, rom mas vinme vinmeze ufro metad uyvarda an pativs scemda. Tuki vinme masTan raimes gamo
Cioda, mas gafacicebiT usmenda da saukeTeso rCevas aZlevda. stumars martod arasdros datovebda. mis winaSe yvela
Tanabari iyo. aravis aravisz e upiratesoba ar gaaCnda.
qalbatoni aiSe mogviTxrobs: `aravin minaxavs, Suamavlis
mSvenier zneobaze maRla mdgomi. rodesac mas vinme dauZaxebda, yovelTvis, mobrZandiTo, etyoda.~
sayvareli Suamavali megobrebs ulamazesi saxelebiT moixseniebda da aravis sityvas SuaSi ar gaawyvetinebda.
misi keTili qmedebis, gulSematkivrobis, mowyalebis Sesaxeb uzenaesi allahi brZanebs: „Tqveni Sewuxeba mas guls
atkens da daamwuxrebs. is Tqvenze gadayolilia; morwmuneebis
winaSe metad Sembralebelia, maTTvis uxv sikeTes evedreba.“
da sura enbias 107 aieTSi nabrZanebia: `(o sayvarelo
Suamavalo!) Sen mxolod samyaros mowyalebad mogavlineT.“ 517
n
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
sayvarelma Suamavalma TanamimdevrebisTvis, maT rom Sesruleba ar gaZnelebodaT, bevri rame gaadvila. „Cemi mimdevrebisaTvis Zneli rom ar yofiliyo, yoveli abdesis Semdeg misvaqis gamoyenebas davawesebdio.~
rac Seexeba dadebuli pirobis Sesrulebas, Suamavalis
mjobni am saqmeSi aravin yofila da verc iqneba.
abdulla bin ebil hamsa mogviTxrobs: `SuamavalTan misi
misiis dawyebamde, yidva-gayidvasTan dakavSirebiT raRac saqme gavakeTe, ris Semdegac me asaRebi fuli damCa, SevTanxmdiT, dro da adgili davTqviT, magram me gadamaviwyda da
sami dRis Semdeg, roca es ambavi gamaxsenda, maSinve daTqmuli adgilisaken gaviqeci, rodesac mivedi da vnaxe Suamavali
iq melodeboda, gavvocdi. man miTxra: „Wabuko daviqance! ai,
aq zustad sami dRea gelodebi“-o .
siamayis grZnoba masSi arasdros yofila. Suamavali, arCevanis winaSe iyo, mas SeeZlo, rom mefuri an Cveulebrivi
Suamavali yofiliyo, man ki arCevani Cvevlebrivi adamianebis
Suamavlobaze SeaCera.
israfil angelozma sayvarel Suamavals uTxra: `ueWvelad, uzenaesma allahma Tavmdablobis Tviseba Sen giboZa,
radganac Sen aRdgomis dRes, kacTa Soris uzenaesi xar.
saflavidan pirvelad Sen unda wamodge da aseve pirvelad
Sewyalebuli Sen unda iqmne.~
sayvarelma Suamavalma aiSes uTxra: „uzenaes allahs ase
Sevevdre: meqas qvebi da miwa oqrod meboZa. magram me uari vTqvi am yvelaferze. erT dRes mSieri, meore dRes maZRari yofna
varCie. rodesac mSieri davrCebi Sen Segevedrebi~.
erTxel jebraili angelozi SuamavlTan CamobrZanda da
uTxra: `allahi mokiTxvas giTvlis. Tu surs am gorebs
misTvis oqrod gadavaqcevo. sadac unda wavides Tan es
oqros gorebi mas gayvebao.~
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sayvarelma Suamavalma ki, ase upasuxa: `jebrail! es samyaro
genialurobani
o
usaxlkaroTa saxlia. da is qoneba uqonelTa qonebaa. xolo am
yvelafers ki, ugunurni ixveWen.~
pasuxad jebrailma brZana; „muhammed! uzenaesma allahma
Sen mtkice sityviT amsoliturad welSi gamarTulad gqmna“.
qalbatoni aiSe gadmogvcems; „xandaxan erTi Tve ise gavidoda saxlSi (saWmlis momzadebisTvis) cecxli ar dainTeboda. mxolod xurmiTa da wyliT vsauzmobdiT “ .
ibni abbasis gadmocemis mixedviT, Suamavali da misi ojaxi, umeteswilad vaxSmis miurTmevlad iZinebdnen. sauzmedac
araferi ar moeZebnebodaT.
qalbatoni aiSe gadmogvcems: `Suamavals dalocvili muceli arasodes amouvsia. amis Taobaze mas arasodes aravisTan
ar dauCivlia. misTvis saWiroeba simdidreze ufro ukeTesi
iyo. mTeli Rame SimSilSi rom gaetarebia mas es mdgomareoba
dRisiT marxvaSi xels ar SeuSlida.
rom moesurva, RmerTi mas dedamiwaze arsebul mTlian xazinebs uboZebda. geficebi, mis am mdgomareobas rom vxedavdi, mecodeboda da vtirodi. xels mucelze gadavusvamdi;
„Cemi Tavi genacvalos! ar SeiZleba rom am qveynidan raRaca moimdomo, raTa Zala Segematos-metqi? - vetyodi.
is ki mpasuxobda: `aiSe! ra vuyo am qveyanas? Cems winaT movlenilma Suamavlebma ufro didi tanjvasa da siZneleebs gauZles. aseT gansacdelSi cxovrebas agrZelebdnen da RmerTma
isini Seiwyala .
gamomdinare aqedan RmerTma isini saukeTesod hqmna da
madli gauormaga. me ki mcxvenia, rom fufunebaSi vicxovro.
radgan aseTi cxovreba me maT ukan damtovebs. CemTvis saukeTeso is iqneba rodesac me Cems megobrebs SevuerTdebi da uzenaes allahis winaSe warvsdgebi.~
wminda aiSe gadmogvcems, rom am sityvebis Semdeg Suama- 519
n
o
sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
valma sul raRac erTi Tve icocxla.
sayvareli Suamavlis xelgaSliloba xom yvelas pirze ekera. am zneobriv saqmeSi mas veravin jobda.
ibni abbasi mogviTxrobs:„Suamavali sikeTis gakeTebis mxriv yvelaze xelgaSlili iyo. marxvis TveSi da jebrailTan
Sexvedris dros, dilis sioze ufro xelgaSlili gaxdeboda
xolme“
enes bin maliqi gadmogvcems: „SuamavalTan erTad vmgzavrobdi. mas burdi nejrani, iemenSi damzadebuli qsovilisgan Sekerili palto ecva. zurgidan erT-erTi sofleli
movida da paltoze ise daqaCa, rom misma sayelom dalocvili kiseri gakawra da kvali datova. sayvarelma Suamavalma
am qcevaze gaicina da misTvis raRacis Cuqeba brZana.“
Suamavalis mezoblad moxuci qalbatoni cxovrobda. man
Suamavals Tavisi qaliSvilis piriT SeuTvala: „locvis Sesasruleblad samosi ar maqvs, gTxov damexmaro.~ Suamavals
am dros zedmeti tansacmeli ar hqonda, man perangi gaixada da gogos moxucTan gaatana. rodesac locvis dro movida, perangis gareSe meCeTSi ver wavida. sahabeebma, rodesac
gaiges, Suamavali imdenad xelgaSlili iyo rom perangi
moxucs aCuqa, TviTon uperangod darCa da meCeTSi locvis
aRsavlenad veRar movida, gadawyvites, rom rac gaaCndaT
RaribebisaTvis daenawilebinaT. uzenaesma allahma maSinve
sura isra 29 aieTi gardmoavlina. man sayvarel Suamavals
ubrZana „xelmoWeriloba (siZunwe) ar hqmna, magram ar gasce
ise, rom SemdgomSi sagonebelSi Cavarde da locva ver aRavlino! mowyaleba saSualod gaiRe “.
n
520
im dRes, locvis Semdeg, pativcemuli ali, SuamavalTan
mivida da uTxra; „allahis Suamavalo! dRes, col-Svilis
gamosakvebad rva dirhemi visesxe. amis naxevars Tqven mogcemT. TqvenTvis perangi iyideT“ uTxra. Suamavali bazarSi
wavida da ori dirhemiT perangi SeiZina. monarCeni fuliT
genialurobani
o
ki produqtebis sayidlad gaemarTa. gzaze man erTi brma
dainaxa, romelic gaiZaxoda; „RmerTisTvis da samoTxis samoselis mopovebisaTvis, perangs vin momcems?~
Suamavalma
axladSeZenili perangi brmas gadasca. rodesac usinaTlom
perangi xelSi aiRo, aromatuli suni igrZno da gaigo rom
es perangi Suamavalma aCuqa. Suamavlis nacvami tansacmeli,
daZvelebis SemTxvevaSic ki keTilsurnelebas inarCunebda.
brmam Seevedra; „RmerTo Cemo! am perangis madliT Tvalebi
amixile“. mas maSinve orive Tvali aexila. Suamavali adgils
gaSorda da erTi dirhemiT perangi iyida, xolo darCenili
erTi dirhemiT proqtis yidvas apirebda, rodesac
erTi
mtirale mosamsaxure gogo dainaxa; „gogoni, ratom tiri?“
hkiTxa mas. gogonam upasuxa: `erTi ebraelis msaxuri var. man
erTi dirhemi momca. am Tanxis erTi naxevriT qilis, xolo
meore naxevriT erbos yidva mibrZana. rodesac SeviZine da
ukan vbrundebodi. erboTi savse qila xelidan gamityda.
axla ra unda vqna aRar vici.“ Suamavalma bolo dirhemic
gogoc misca da uTxra: „amiT boTli da erbo iyide da saxlSi
dabrundi.“ sacodavma gogom tirili gaagrZela da Tan Suamavls uTxra „ebraeli mcems mosvla ratom daagvianeo“ „nu
geSinia! SenTan erTad wamoval da vetyvi rom ar gagiwyres“ _
Sepirda Suamavali.
rodesac saxlTan movidnen Suamavalma karze daukakuna.
ebraelma kari gaaRo da rodesac mis win allahis Suamavali
dainaxa, Zalian gaocda. stumarma momxdaris Sesaxeb uambo
da sTxova rom gogos ar ga yromoda. ebraelma ki, Suamavlis
win Caimuxla da uTxra; `uamravi adamianis winamZRoli da
allahis elCi erTi mosamsaxure gogos gulisaTvis, CemisTana Raribis karze modis da mTxovs rom gogos ar gavuwyre.
o, allahis Suamavalo! Seni pativiscemis niSnad am mona gogos vaTavisufleb. me ki, rwmena da islami Semaswavle. Sens
winaSe minda axlave islams veziaro.~ Suamavalma mas islami
auxsna da sarwmunoebas aziara. ebraeli saxlSi Setrialda
da rac moxda ojaxis wevrebs uambo, ris Semdegac yvelam 521
n
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
islami miiRo. ai, es yvelaferi Suamavlis lamazi zneobis
monagaria.
Suamavalis lamazi zneobis maCvenebeli magaliTebi kidev
bevria. yvela muslimi valdebulia es, yvelaferi Seiswavlos
da kacobriobis siayes mibaZos, amiT amqveyniuri da saiqio
tanjvisgan Tavi daaRwios da ori samyaros batonis Suamdgomloba daimsaxuros..
ai, allahis Suamavlis ulamazesi zneobis zogierTi magaliTi:
1 _ sayvareli Suamavalis codna, sibrZne, sazrianoba, goneba, inteleqti, Wkuamaxviloba, xelgaSliloba, Tavmdabloba, gulSematkivroba, moTmineba, sasoeba, mokrZaleba, erTguleba, Tavdadeba, amanaTis Senaxva, mamacoba, guladoba,
Seupovroba, STambeWdaoba, mWermetyveleba, daxvewiloba,
patiosneba, didsulovneba, keTilSobileba, samarTlianoba,
gulmowyaleba, TanagrZnoba yvela Suamavlis igive Tvisebebs
aRemateboda. rogorc megobars, aseve mters cud qmedebas
patiobda. samagieros aravis uxdida. rodesac uhudis omSi
urwmunoebma loya gauWres da Zvirfasi kbilebi Caumtvries,
igi RmerTs evedreboda: „RmerTo Cemo maT Seunde ! uvicoba
apatie!“
2 _ sakuTar Tavs arasdros aravisze win ar daayenebda, erTxel cxvari unda moexarSaT, da mogobrebidan erT-erTma me
davklavo-Tqva. meorem gatyaveba gadawyvita, xolo mesamem
momzadeba. Suamavalma, megobrebs rom ar CamorCenoda, SeSis
Segroveba gadawyvita. Tanamimdevrebma uTxres, rom daesvena, xolo am saqmes isini mixedavdnen, magram Suamavalma maT
miugo: „diax me vici rom Tqven yvelafers gaakeTebT. magram
momuSaveTgan martod yofnas da jdomas ar virCev. uzenaes allahs ar uyvars megobrebidan gandgomili da tyuilubralod
mjdomio“ da SeSis Sesagroveblad gaemarTa.
n
522
3 _ rodesac Suamavali sahabeebTan mividoda, maT TavSi
genialurobani
o
arasdros gavidoda, sadac Tavisufal adgils naxavda iq
dajdeboda. rodesac xelSi joxiT gasasvlelisken mimavali
Suamavali dainaxes, Tanamimdevrebi fexze wamodgnen. kacobriobis siamayem maT uTxra: „sxvebi fexze wamodgomiT erTmaneTs pativs miageben, Tqven ki, CemTvis fexze ar wamodgeT! mec,
TqvenisTana adamiani var, yvelas msgavsad saWmels mivirTmev
da roca daviRlebi Camovjdebi“ brZana.
4 _ ukeTilSobilesi muhammedi umeteswilad Camuxluli
ijda. xandaxan muxlebze xelebs Semoixvevda da aseTnairadac
dajdeboda. sauzmis dros, mosamsaxureebs ar ganasxvavebda
da maTTan erTad miirTmevda. maT saqmianobaSic exmareboda.
aravis unaxavs, rom allahis Suamavals romelime maTgani
ecemos an cudi sityva eTqvas. misi msaxuri enes bin maliqi
ambobda; „aTi weli SuamavalTan davhyavi. is me ufro metad
memsaxureboda vidre me mas. mas arasdros gavunawyenebivar,
uxeSad arasdros mompyrobia.~
5 _ rodesac dilis locvas aRavlendnen, mrevls miubrundeboda da etyoda: „avad aris vinme? mosanaxuleblad wavideT!“ Tuki avad aravin iyo, gasvenebis Sesaxeb ikiTxavda,
Tu vinmea gardacvlili wavideT da Wirisuflebs TanavugrZnoT da davexmaroTo, brZanebda. gardacvlilis ganbanvaSi exmareboda, locvas aRavlenda, sasaflaomde miyveboda.
magram Tu arc gasasvenebeli iuo vinme, ityoda, Tu vinme
TqvenTaganma sizmari naxa, movisminoT da avxsnaTo.
6 _ axloblebs, megobrebs moemsaxureboda da ityoda, sazogadoebis yvelaze pativcemuli piri, mis samsaxurSi myofia adamianiao.
7 _ misi xarxari aravis gaugonia. uxmod gaiRimebda. xandaxan ki, sicilis dros dalocvili wina kbilebi gamouCndeboda.
8 _ usargeblo da zedmet arafers ityoda. saWiroebis
SemTxvevaSi ki, sasargeblosa da mniSvnelovans mokled war-
n
523
o
sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
moTqvamda. msmenelebs rom ukeT gaegoT, zogjer naTqvams
samjer imeorebda
9-imdenad warmosadegi iyo, rom saxeze didxans veravin
uyurebda. rodesac viRaca mividoda da saxeze uyurebda,
mosuls saxeze ofli asxamda, `nu wuxdebi! me arc xelmwife var da arc sastiki. xorcis mWameli da wylis msmeli erTi
sacodavi qalis Svili var, ityoda. amis Semdeg adamians SiSi
gaefanteboda da ris Sesaxebac surda, kiTxvebs aZlevda.~
10 _ `Tqvenidan uzenaesi allahis yvelaze metad Semcnobi
da mis winaSe mokrZalebuli me var, rac me davinaxe, Tqven rom
genaxaT, cotas icinebdiT, da bevrs itirebdiTo, brZanebda.~
rodesac caze Rrubels dainaxavda, allahs Seevedreboda,
`RmerTo Cemo! am RrubliT tanjva ar dagvatexo Tavso!~ rodesac qari amovardeboda ityoda, `RmerTo Cemo! am qaris
meSveobiT sikeTe gamogvigzavneo.~ Weqa-quxilis dros ambobda, `RmerTo Cemo! Cven ganawyenebuli, ar mogkvla.~ tanjva ar
mogvivlino. jamrTeloba da sikeTe gviboZeo. locvis aRvlenis dros, gulidan amosul tirilismagvar xmas gaigonebda igive xdeboda yuranis kiTYxvis drosac
11 _ masSi gulis siZliere, mamacoba gasaocrad Zlieri
iyo. huneinis omSi muslimebi rodesac gaifantnen sayvareli
Suamavali ori-sami kaciT darCa brZolis velze. ramdenjerme, urwmunoebis Setevas martod gaumklavda da ukan araviTar SemTxvevaSi dauxevia.
12 _ Zalian xelgaSlili iyo. asobiT aqlemsa da cxvars
gaiRebda, da TavisTvis arafers daitovebda. am yvelafris
Semxedvare, uamravi gulqva urwmuno islams iRebda.
13 _ colebisTvis da msaxurebisTvis, xandaxan, erTi wlis
sarCod qersa da xurmas Seinaxavda, aqedan Raribebs mowyaleba gaeciTo, etyoda.
n
524
14 _ saWmel-sasmelidan; cxvaris xorci, xorcis wveni, yabaxi, tkbileuloba, Tafli, xurma, rZe, araJani, sazamTro,
genialurobani
o
nesvi, yurZeni da kitri uyvarda.
15 _ wylis smas sveneb-svenebiT, allahis saxelis xsenebiT
iwyebda da sami ylupiT svamda, dalevis Semdeg ki, allahs
madlobas gadauxdida da Seevedreboda.
16 _ tansacmels ki, rac muslim adamians Seefereboda da
islamSi iyo miRebuli imas icvamda.
17 _ arabuli adaT-wesis mixedviT Tmas yurebis Sua nawilamde gamouSvebda, danarCens ki moiWrida. Tmaze gansakuTrebulad momzadebul, saamuri sunis mqone zeTs moisvamda.
18 _ xelebze, Tavze, saxeze saukeTeso nelsacxeblebs
waisvamda.
19 _ mis sawolSi qveSagebs hurmis totebi warmoadgenda.
erTxel matylis sawoli SesTavazes, magram amaze uari ganacxada da Tqva: „aiSe! uzenaes allahs geficebi, rom movisurvo, RmerTi yvelgan oqrosa da vercxlis grovebs CemTan erTad
Tan wamoiRebs.“ xandaxan Wilofis, xis anac qeCis sawolze
iZinebda.
20 _ yovel RamiT samjer Tvalebs moisurmida.
21 _ saxlSi; sarke, savarcxeli, surma, misvaqi, makrateli,
lemsi da Zafi yovelTvis hqonda. mgzavrobis dros zemoT
CamoTvlilTagan yvelaferi Tan dahqonda.
22 _ iasis (Zilis wina locvis) Semdeg SuaRamemde iZinebda,
Semdeg dilis locvamde RvTismsaxurebas asrulebda. marjvena mxares iZinebda, da marjvena xels loyis qveS Semoidebda, zogierT sureebs CaikiTxavda da daiZinebda.
23 _ yvelafer axals sikeTed aRiqvamda da arasdros ubedurebad ar miiCnevda.
24 _ mwuxarebis periodSi wvers xelSi moiqcevda da Cafiqrdeboda.
n
525
o
sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
25 _ rodesac rame guls atkenda, imwamsve locvas aRavlenda. locviT mwuxarebas gaiqarwylebda.
saTnoebani
sayvareli Suamavalis saTnoebis Sesaxeb uamravi wigni
aris dawerili. Suamavalis saTnoebis Sesaxeb mogaxsenebT
Semdegs:
1 _ gaCenilTa Soris, pirvelad muhammed Suamavlis naTeli da suli gaCnda.
2 _ uzenaesma allahma, misi saxeli arSsa, samoTxeebsa da
Svid caze dauweria.
3 _ indoeTSi erT-erTi vardis foTlebze dawerilia:, „la
ilahe illellah muhammedun resulullah-ar arsebobs RvTaeba garda allahisa da muhammedi misi Suamavalia.“
4 _ qalaq basris axlomdebare mdinareSi, Tevzaobis dros,
daWerili Tevzis Tavis marjvena nawilze allahis, xolo
marcxena nawilze muhammedis saxelebi iyo dawerili.
5 _ sayvareli Suamavlis saxelis warmosaTqmelad angelozebis jgufi arsebobs, romelnic mxolod am saqmiT arian
dakavebuli.
6 _ angelozebs ademis (s.a.) winaSe sejdis gakeTeba mxolod
imitom ebrZana, rom mas muhammedis naTeli hqonda Sublze.
7 _ uzenaesma allahma, yvela Suamavals, muhammed Suamavalis movlena amcno; sxvaTa Soris, maT mimdevarT, Tukiisini muhammed Suamavalis epoqas moewrebodnen, misi dajereba
ebrZanaT.
8 _ misi samyaroSi movlena xom savse iyo saocrebebiT,
romelic, istoriisa da mevlidis (sayvareli Suamavalis dabadebis aRmweri wignebi) wignebSi aris monaTxrobi.
n
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9 _ sayvareli Suamavali samyaros, WipgadaWrili da wina-
genialurobani
o
dacveTili moevlina.
10 _ rodesac samyaros moevlina, eSmakebi zecas veRar
swvdebodden da iqedan informacias veRar iparavdnen.
11 _ rodesac samyaros moevlina, dedamiwaze arsebuli
yvela kerpebi da heikelebi daemxo.
12 _ mis akvans xom angelozebi arwevdnen.
13 _ akvnidan zecaSi mTvares elaparakeboda. romel mxarezec TiTs miaSverda, mTvare im mxares gadaixreboda.
14 _ akvanSi laparakobda.
15 _ bavSvobisas rodesac sicxeSi dadioda, Tan Rrubeli
dayveboda. es movlena Suamavlobis miniWebamde grZeldeboda.
16 _ yvela Suamavals marjvena xeliszurgze Suamavlobis
beWedi hqonda. muhammed Suamavals ki, dalocvil zurgze
guls ukan hqonda.
17 _ rogorc winidan aseveve uknidanac xedavda.
18 _ dRisiT da RamiT erTnairad xedavda.
19 _ rodesac eZina, mis guls eRviZa da es yvela Suamavlis
saerTo niSan-Tvisebaa.
20 _ sicocxleSi arasdros daumTqnarebia esec yvela Suamavlis saerTo niSani iyo.
21 _ misi
oflic ki kargi surnelis matarebeli iyo.
22 _ saSualo tanis iyo, magram rodesac maRlebTan idga
maTze maRali Canda.
23 _ mTvareSi an mzeSi rodesac dadioda, maTi Suqi ar
SeimCneoda.
24 _ tanze an tansacmelze mweri ar daajdeboda.
25 _ tanisamosi arasdros gauWuWyiandeboda.
n
527
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
26 _ siarulis dros angelozebi ukan dayveboden, amitom
sahabeebs win waimZRvarebda, angelozebi ukan momyvebiano.
27 _ rodesac qvaze daadgamda fexs, kvali daemCneoda, magram rodesac qviSaze dadioda kvali arasdros emCneoda.
28 _ adamianebsa da angelozebs Soris yvelaze meti codna
mas eboZa.
29 _ misi ummeTis saxelebi, raoba da maT Soris yvelaferi
mas emcno.
30 _ is yvela adamianze gonieri iyo.
31 _ yvelaferi is, rac adamians kargi zneobidan SeuZlia
moigos, mas eboZa.
32 _ yvela vedrebisa da locvis dros uzenaesma allahma
Tavis saxelTan erTad Suamavlis moxseniebac brZana.
33 _ misi Tvisebebidan upiratesi allahis mimarT msaxureba iyo.
34 _ „ueWvelad allahi Sen giboZebs, da Sen dakmayofildebi“2
brZanebs gamCeni. uzenaesma allahma xom mas yvelaferi uboZa, raTa islami gaeZlierebina. rodesac zemoTxsenebuli
aiaTi CamobrZanda, sayvarelma Suamavalma jebrails uTxra:
„Cem mimdevarTagan romelime jojoxeTSi rom moxvdes amiT
ver davkmayofildebi.“
35 _ uzenaesi allahi yvela Suamavals yuranSi maTi saxelebiT moixseniebs, xolo ukeTilSobiles muhammeds, Cemo
Suamavaloo, ase mimarTavs.
36 _ allahis wminda Suamavali sakmaod gasagebad yvela
arabul dialeqtze saubrobda. gansxvavebuli adgilebidan
mosulnT, pasuxebs maTsave dialeqtze aZlevda. amis gamgonni gaocebuli rCebodnen; uzenaesma allahma me saukeTesod
aRmzardao, brZanebda sayvareli Suamavali.
n
528 2. duha sura-5.
genialurobani
o
37 _ cota sityviT bevrs ambobda.
38 _ sayvareli Suamavali ucodveli iyo. mac arc Suamavlobis dros da arc manamde codva ar Caudenia.
39 _ rodesac muslimebi locvis dros jdebian, „esselamu aleiqum eiuhennebiu verehmeTullahi~ _ anu Suamavalo,
allahis salami da baraqa Senze iyoso“ kiTxuloben, maT sayvarel Suamavalze salamis micema ebrZanaT. locvis dros
sxva danarCeni Suamavalebze an angelozebze salmis micema
ar SeiZleba.
40 _ „rom ara Sen, arafer gavaCendio“ _ brZanebs uzenaesi
allahi.
41 _ sxva Suamavlebs, urwmunonis moqmedebaTa mimarT pasuxi gauciaT magram sayvarel Suamavals muhammed ki ara.
42 _ ukeTilSobilesi muhammedis mimdevrebi, sxva Suamavlebis mimdevrebze metni arian
43 _ Cven Suamavalze naboZebi madli sxva Suamavalze
ufro metia.
44 _ Cven SuamavlisTvis misi saxeliT daZaxeba, misi TandaswrebiT xmamaRla laparaki, Soridan moxmoba akrZaluli
iqna. sxva danarCen Suamavalebs maTive saxeliT mimarTavdnen.
45 _ jebraili mas orjer angelozis saxiT warsdgomia.
sxva SuamavalT igi misive saxiT saxiT arasdros unaxavT.
46 _ uzenaes allahs muhammed Suamavalze daficeba dauSvia. angelozebze da sxva danarCen Suamavlebze daficeba
ki aukrZalavs..
47 _ uzenaesma allahma muhammed Suamavlis colebi marTlmorwmuneta dedebad aRiara sayvareli Suamavlis gardacvalebis Semdeg maTze daqorwineba akrZala
48 _ naTesauri kavSiri warRvnis dRes arafrad aris CaTv-
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lili magram muhammed Suamavlis naTesavebs es ar exebaT
49 _ bavSvisTvis Suamavlis saxelis darqmeva amqveyniuri
da imqveyniuri sikeTeTagania. misi saxelis matarebeli, WeSmariti morwmune jojoxeTSi ar moxvdeba.
50 _ misi yvela sityva da qceva WeSmaritebaa.
51 _ misi siyvaruli yvelasTvis savaldebuloa. `allahi
visac uyvars, me unda Semiyvaros“ _ ambobs Cveni Suamavali.
igi aseve brZanebs: „meTu gamomyvebiT, allahi SegiyvarebT.“
52 _ misi naTesavebis siyvaruli savaldebuloa. „vinc Cems
ojaxs umtrobs, farisevelia“ _ ubrZanebia sayvarel Suamavals.
53 _ misi yvela megobris siyvaruli savaldebuloa. igi ambobs: „Cems Semdgom, Cems megobrebs ar umtroT! maTi siyvaruli, Cems siyvaruls niSnavs. vinc maT umtrobs es Cems mtrobas
niSnavs. maT vinc guls atken, me matkens guls. me vinc guls
matkens uzenaes allahs atkens guls. vinc uzenaes allahs
guls atkens, mas allahi datanjavs“ brZana.
54 _ uzenaesma allahma mas zecaSi da dedamiwaze or-ori
TanaSemwe uboZa, zecaSi, jebraili da miqaili, xolo dedamiwaze, ebubeqiri da omeri.
55 _ yvela zrdasruls, kacsa Tu qals, rodesac gardaicvalebian saflavSi pirveli SekiTxvis, Semdeg mohkiTxaven Seni
Suamavali vin ariso?
56 _ sayvareli Suamavlis hadisebis kiTxva RvTismsaxurebaa. mkiTxvels madli ewereba
57 _ misTvis dalocvili sulis arTmevis dros, Razraili
adamianis formaSi warsdga Suamavalis winaSe da SesvlisaTvis neba iTxova.
58 _ saflavis miwa samoTxis miwaze ufro ukeTesia
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59 _ saflavSi, CvenTvis ucnobi formiT cocxalia. saflav-
genialurobani
o
Si yurans ikiTxavs locvas aRavlens. yvela Suamavalnic igive formaSi arian.
60 _ dedamiwis yvela wertilSi misTvis micemul salams
angelozebi Suamavals gadascemen. mis saflavs dReSi ramdenime angelozi naxulobs.
61 _ TanamimdevarTa namoqmedars igi yovel dilasa da saRamos xedavs sikeTis gamkeTebelT dainaxavs, xolo codvilTa mimarT uzenaesi allahidan Sendomas iTxovs.
62 _ saflavis monaxuleba qalebisTvisac daSvebulia.
63 _ rogorc sicocxlis dros aseve gardacvalebis Semdegac, TanamimdevarTa Txovnas uzenaesi allahi Suamavlis
pativiscemis gamo aRasrulebs.
64 _ gankiTxvis dRes pirvelad saflavidan sayvareli Suamavali unda wamodges. is samoTxis tanisamosiT iqneba Semosili. burayis meSveobiT aRdgomis adgilas gadaadgildeba.
xelSi „livaul hemdi“-is droSa eqneba. Suamavalni da yvela adamianebi am droSis qveS dadgebian 1000 wlis lodini
yvelas mowyindebaT. adamianebi rigisda mixedviT; adem, nuh,
ibrahim, musa da isa SuamavalTan mivlnen, da angariSsworebis dawyebis win Suamdgomlobas iTxoven. yoveli maTgani,
aRiarebs rom maT, allahis cxveniaT da eSiniaT da amis mizezsac warmoTqvamen. Semdeg SuamavlTan mivlen da sTxov
en. is, sejdes gaakeTebs da locvas aRavlens aseTnairad
misi Suamdgomloba dakmayofildeba allahis winaSe. pirvelad misi Tanamiddevarni warsdgebian allahis samsjavroze,
pirvelad siraTze isini gaivlian da samoTxeSi moxvdebian.
sadac Sevlnen, is adgili ganaTldeba. qalbatoni fatimas
siraTze gavlis dros, masze ityvian „yvelam Tvalebi daxuWos! muhammedis qaliSvili modis.“
65 _ eqvs adgilas Sendobili iqmneba xalxi. pirveli, „muhammedis mayamidan-adgili“-dan yvela adamianebi aRdgomis
adgilidan Sendomili iqmneba iq mocdisagan. meore; Sendo-
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miT, umetesi adamiani samoTxeSi moxdeba. mesame; tanjviT
dasjilni Tanjvisgan gadarCebian. meoTxe; codvilni morwmuneni jojoxeTidan gamovlnen. mexuTe; madlida da cova
erTida igive myofi adamianebi arafatidan gaTavisufldebian da samoTxeSi iqmnebian Sesulni. meeqvs, samoTxis mkvidrnis rangi amaRlebuli iqmneba misi SuamdgomlobiT.
66 _ samoTxeSi Suamavlis sacxovrebeli adgilis saxeli
vesilea. es samoTxis yvelaze aRmatebuli adgilia. misi yvela binad nis, gawvdilni toti sidreTul munTehas fesvebi
iq aris. samoTxis binadarT sazrdo am totebis meSveobiT
eboZeba.
vedreba
Cveni Suamavali yvela gaCenils Soris saukeTeso TvisebebiT iyo Semkuli. amave dros igi yvelaze aRmatebuli
RvTismoSiSi iyo. uzenaesi allahis mxridan igi codvis Cadenidan daculi i iqna, amis miuxedavaT, igi gamudmebiT RvTismsaxurebas agrZelebda, uzenaesi allahis winaSe Txovnasa da vedrebas aRavlenda. Ramis locvis Semdeg iZinebda,
Semdeg dgeboda da Ramis mesamed nawils RvTismsaxurebaSi
atarebda.
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ibni abbasi mogviTxrobs: „erT Rames morwmuneTa dedis,
qalbatoni meimunes saxlSi stumrad vimyofebodi. allahis
Suamavalma SuaRamemde iZina. Semdeg gamoiRviZa da dajda, xeliT Zilis nakvalevi moicila. Semdeg fexze wamodga,WurWeli
aiRo da abdesis asaRebad gaemarTa. sura ali imranis bolo
aTi aieTi CaikiTxa da locva daiwyo. mec wamovdeqi, allahis
Suamavlis msgavsad abdesi aviRe da locva daviwye. allahis
Suamavalma ori muxli iloca. Semdeg ori muxli kidev iloca. mere ki viTiris namazic Seasrula. amis Semdeg dilis
locvis eznamde cota daiZina. Semdeg xelmeored wamodga
ori muxli iloca da meCeTSi dilis savaldebulo ori muxli locvis aRsavlenad gaemarTa.
genialurobani
o
Cveni deda, qalbatoni aiSe gadmogvcems; „allahis Suamavals erT Rames daeZina. rodesac gaiRviZa, miTxra: „aiSe,
Tu nebas momcem, minda es Rame RvTismsaxurebaSi gavataro~
Semdeg wamodga. yurani ikiTxa, itira. ise rom, cremlebma
muxlebi dausvela. sanam kiTxvas agrZelebda dalocvilma cremlebma mTlianad daasvela. es mdgomareoba dilamde
grZeldeboda.
dilas bilali habeSi movida da aseT mdgomareobaSi myofi
Suamavali rom dainaxa, uTxra: „ded-mama genacvaloT, allahis Suamavalo! uzenaesma allahma gana Seni warsuli da
momavali codvebi ar gapatia?~
„bilal, gana madloba ar gadavuxado imisaTvis, uzenaesma allahma RamiT es aiaTi momivlina: „WeSmaritad, caTa da
dedamiwis SeqmnaSi da cvlaSi Ramisa da dRisa saswaulebia
gonierTaTvis.“3
wminda hadisebSi moyvanilia Suamavlis Semdeg sityvebi:
„gulSi iseTi raRacaebi gamivlis, rom yovelRamiT da dRisiT
allahs samocjer Sendomas vTxov.“ „gulSi iseTi farda (allahsi sxvis movlenis aRmkveTi) mexureba ris gamoc uzenaes
allahs samocdaaTjer Sendomas vTxov“ da kidev „uzenaes allahs dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi asjer Sendobas vTxov.“
allahis Suamavali imdenad RTismoSiSi iyo rom, misi TavSeukavebeli sicili aravis gaugonia.
Tirmizi ebu zerradan gadmogvcems; „ueWvelad, Tqven risi
danaxvac ar SegiZliaT, me vxedav. rasac ver gaigonebT me mesmis. zecaSi angelozebismier sejdis gaukeTebeli, oTxi TiTis
toli adgili ar aris. allahsvficav, rom me rac vici is rom
icodeT cotas icinebdiT da bevrs itirebdiT. imdenad rom
qviTiniT uzenaes allah SeevdrebodiT.“
ebu hureira gadmogvcems: „allahis Suamavalma brZana: `samoTxeSi veravis misi qmedeba ver moaxvedrebs.“ rodesac vkiT3. ali imran suras 190-e.
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xeT: „verc Tqven allahis Suamavalo?“ man gvipasuxa; „diax,
Cemi namoqmedari samoTxeSi ver momaxvedrebs. magram allahis
wyaloba da mowyaleba damifaravs.“
ibni omeri mogviTxrobs; „allahis SuamavalTan erTad mejlisSi yofnis dros, igi xSirad imeorebda: „RmerTo Cemo!
Semiwyale da vedreba miiRe. Sen mimtevebeli da mowyale xar.“
rodesac davTvalet, aRmoCnda, rom man es sityvebi asjer
warmoTqva“
enes bin maliqma gadmogvca: „allahis Suamavali mudmivad
„allahumme ya muyellib-el-yulun, sebbiT yalbi Rela diniq“
warmoTqvamda.~
Tirmizi ebu saRd hudriden gadmocemiT allahis Suamavalma brZana: „vinc Zilis win samjer „esTeRfirullahil Rezim ellezi la ilahe ila huvel-haiul-yaium ve eTubu ileih“
warmoTqvams, ramdenadac codvili unda iyos, zRvis qafis an
Temis macxovreblebis qviSis odeni an ki xis foTlebis codva
rom hqondes, uzenaesi allahi mas miutevebs.“
buharisa da muslimi gadmocemiT; allahis Suamavali Semdegnairad evedreboda uzenaes allahs: „allahumeRfirli
hatieTi ve jehlii, ve israfii fi emrii ve ma enTe eRlemu bihi
minnii.“
(RmerTo Cemo! Seni nacodinari da me codniT an ar codniT ra codva Cavidine, Secdomebi mapatie!).
„allahummeRfirli hezlii ve jiddii ve hataii ve amdii ve
qullu zaaliqe Rindii. allahummeRfirli maa yaddemTu vemaa
axxarTu vemaa esrarTu vemaa eRlenTu vemaa enTe eRlemu minii
enT-el muyeddemu ve enT-el muaxxeru ve enTe Relaa qulli
Sein yediir.“
(RmerTo Cemo, xumrobiT, seriozulad, daviwyebiT da
gangeb CemTvis SesaZlebeli yvela naklovanebidan Seminde.
RmerTo Cemo! gasakeTebeli an gakeTebuli, dafaruli da aS534 kara yvela naklovaneba momiteve. muyademi da muaahheri Sen
n
genialurobani
o
xar. yvelaferze Zalaufleba Sen gaqvs mxolod.
Suamdgomloba
allahis Suamavalma, aRdgomis dRes muslimebs Suamdgomloba unda gauwios, isini dardisa da mwuxarebisgan unda
gadaarCinos. igi erT-erT xadisSi brZanebs: „Cem mimdevarTa
erTi meoredis samoTxeSi Sesvlasa da Suamdgomlobas Soris
arCevanis winaSe viyavi. me Suamdgomloba varCie. radganac is
ufro yvelas momcvelia. is mxolod RvTismoSiSTaTvis ar
igulisxmod radganac is, codvilTa momcvelic aris...“
ebu hureiras gadmocemul hadisSi, kacobriobis siamaye
ambobs: „Cemi Suamdgomloba mas Seexeba, vinc eniT warmoTqvams
da guliT daadasturebs „ar arsebobs RvTaeba garda allahisa ~.
zogierT xadisSi allahis Suamavali brZanebs: `Cemi Suamdgomloba Cemi ojaxis moyvarulT Seexeba~.
„Cem mimdevarTagan, didi codvis CamdenT vuSuamdgomleb“.
„Cemi megobrebis avad momxseneblis garda, yvelas Suamdgomlobas gauwev“.
„Cem mimdevarTagan Tavis damtanjvelnT, da sulis momtyuebelT Suamdgomlobas gavuwev“.
„aRdgomis dRes, pirvelad me unda gavuwio Suamdgomloba“.
„Cemi Suamdgomlobis ar mcnobi, Cem Suamdgomlobas ver
miiRebs“.
warRvnis dRes suris Cabervis mrisxanebisgan Tmebi yalyze dadgeba, Tvalebi gaSterdeba da morwmuneni da urwmunoni gankiTxvis adgilas aRmoCndebian. es tanjvis mommatebeli
aRdgomis dRis mZvinvarebaa.
am dros, arSs, rva angelozi moikidebs da waiRebs. maTgan
erTi angelozi erTi nabijiT, oci aTasi wlis amqveyniur
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gzas dafaravs.
angelozebi da Rrublebi empireas gamyarebamde, gonebis
Cauwvdomeli sityvebiT allahs ganadideben. aseTnairad empirea, uzenaesi allahis mxridan empireasTvis gaCenil TeTr
miwaze ganamtkicebs. am dros, uzenaesi allahis sasjelis
winaSe yvela SiSiT aTrToldeba, tanjvis SiSiT Tavebs qvemoT daxrian da yvela mowyalebis Zebnas daiwyebs.
Suamavlebsac da swavlulebasac SiSi Seipyrobs. evliebi
da Sehidebi uzenaesi allahis mxridan wamebis Semxedvareni
wivil-kivils atexaven. maT, am mdgomareobaSi, mzis sinaTleze ufro meti naTeli moicavs. mzis moZraobis Sedegad
dauZlurebulni, amis Semxedvare mTlianad ganadgurdebian.
aTasi weli, am mdgomareobaSi darCebian. uzenaesi allahis
mxridan maT araferi ar emcnobaT.
am dros adamianebi upirveles SuamavalTan mivlnen; „adem,
salami Sen! Sen Zlieri da dalocvili Suamavali xar. uzenaesma allahma Sen gagaCina da angelozebs sejde gaakeTebina. Sen Tavisi suli Cagbera. gankiTxvis dros gviSuamdgomle
da rac uzenaesi allahis mxridan mogvelis, imiT ganvisajoT. saiTkenac gvibrZanebs, yvela iqiTken wavideT. yvelafris mmarTvelma da yvelafris baton patronma uzenaesma
allahma Tavis gaCenilebi rogorc surs, ise hqmnas“.
ademi brZanebs: „me, uzenaesi allahis mier akrZaluli xilidan nayofi mivirTvi. amitom uzenaesi allahis mrcxvenia.
magram Tqven nuh SuamavalTan midiT“. aseTnairad bWobaSi
aTasi weli gaivlis.
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Semdeg nuhTan mivlen da Seevedrebian: „uZlurni varT.
Suamdgomloba gagviwie raTa gankiTxva Sesdges. am angariSworebis tanjvisgan gagvaTavisufleT“ nuhi maT upasuxebs:
„me uzenaes allahs SevTxove da am vedrebis Sedegad dedamiwaze arsebuli yvela adamiani daxrCobili iqmna. amitom
uzenaesi allahis mcxvenia. magram Tqven ibrahimTan wadiT.
genialurobani
o
uzenaesi allahi haj suras bolo aiaTSi ambobs; „ibrahimma
Tqven samyaroSi movlenamde Tqven muslimebi dagarqvaT~ SesaZloa, man giSuamdgomloT Tqven.“
bWobaSi isev aTasi weli gaivlis. Semdeg ibrahimTan
mivlnen da etyvian `muslimanTa mamav! Sen uzenaesi allahis
gulwrfeli megobari xar. Cven gviSuamdgomle! uzenaesma
allahma misi gaCenilebisTvis ganaCeni gamoitanos.~ ibrahimi maT upasuxebs: „me dedamiwaze yofnis dros samjer qaragmulad vilaparake. qaragmuli laparakis Semdeg rwmenis
gzaze vibrZole. axla ki, uzenaes allahTan Suamdgomloba
mcxvenia. Tqven musasTan midiT. radganac, uzenaesma allahi
mas elaparaka da mas moraluri siaxlove aCvena. is, Tqven
Suamdgomlobas gagiwevT“.
am Temaze bWobaSi isev aTasi weli gaivlis. magram am dros
maTi mdgomareoba ufro metad damZimdeba. gankiTxvis adgili Seviwrovdeba. Semdeg musasTan mivlnen da etyvian, „ei
imranis Svilo! Sen uzenaes allahTan mosaubre da TevraTis mflobeli Suamavali xar. angariSworebis dawyebisaTvis
uzenaes allahTan gviSuamdgomle! radganac aq dgoma Zalian
gagrZelda. xalxmravlobis gamo sadacaa davilesebiT“.
musa maT etyvis: `me, uzenaes allahs faraonis ganadgurebisaTvis wlobiT vevedre. Semdgom TaobisaTvis saocreba rom yofiliyo faraoni vTxove. axla ki, Suamdgomloba
mrcxvenia. magram, uzenaesi allahi mowyale da mwyalobelia.
Tqven isasTan midiT. radganac is, siaxlovismxriv yvelaze
marTali, marifaTis mxriv yvelaze saukeTeso da sibrZnis
mxriv yvelze uzenaesi is aris. Tqven is gagiwevT Suamdgomlobas“.
Semdeg isasTan mivlnen. etyvian: `Sen uzenaesi allahis
suli da sityva xar, ali imran sura 45 aieTSi Sens Sesaxeb
uzenaesi brZanebs; „amier sofelSi da imier sofelSi yvelaze
Zvirfasi xar“. Cven uzenaesTan Suamdgomloba gagviwie!~
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isa brZanebs: `Cemma xalxma me da dedaCemi allahTan erTad rmerTebad CagvTvala. aseT mdgomareobaSi me rogor
gagiwevT Suamdgomlobas? mec rogorc rmerTs, ise memsaxurebodnen; me Svili da allhs mama uwodes. bolo Suamaval muhamedTan midiT. radganac man, Suamdgomloba Tavisi
xalxisTvis Semoinaxa. radgana misma xalxma is ramdenjerme
daamwuxra. dalocvili Subli gauxeTqes. dalocvili kbili
mo texes. mas sigiJec ki daabrales. magram im uwmindesma
Suamavalma am yvelafris miuxedavaT, Tavis Zmebs mimarTa;
„axla Tqven, tanjva ar geqnebaT. mwyalobeli da mowyale uzenaesi allahi gapatiebT“.
imwamsve allahis Suamaval muhammedTan mivlen da etyvian: „Sen allahis yvelaze sayvareli adamiani xar! siyvaruli
ki, urTierTobis yvelaze saukeTeso formaa. gviSuamdgomle uzenaes allahTan! Cven pirvel adamianTan da upirveles
SeuamavalTan mivediT igive vedrebiT. man ki, nuhTan gagvagzavna. nuhTan rom mivediT, man ibrahimTan gagvagzavna,
ibtahimma musasTan gagviSva, da roca musasTan mivediT man
isasTan misvla gvirCia, isasTanac mivediT TxovniT, rom
uzenaesi allahis winaSe Cveni Suamdgomloba sakuTar Tavze
aeRo,magram man TqvenTan gamogvagzavna. allahis Suamavalo! Sens Semdeg, raTqma unda, wasasvleli aRarsad gvaqvs.“
allahis Suamavalma brZana: „Tuki uzenaesi allahi mxridan Tanxmoba iqneba, Suamdgomlobas gagiwevTo“.
jelalis fardasTan miva, allahidan SuamdgomlobisTvis
nebas iTxovs. igi am uflebas miiRebs. rideebi aiweva. empireaSi Seva. sejdes gaakeTebs. aTasi weli sejdeze darCeba. amis
Semdeg, uzenaesi allahis mimarT iseT qeba-didebas aRavlens, romelic manamde aravis gaugonia.
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gankiTxvis adgilze adamianebis mdgomareoba ufro gamwvavdeba. yvela adamians warmaval cxovrebaSi gadamaluli
qoneba kiserze Camoekideba. aqlemis zeqaTis argadamxdelebs, es cxoveli kiserze daekidebaT, isini ayvirdebian da
genialurobani
o
maTi mdgomareoba kidev ufro damZimdeba. Zroxisa da cxvris
zeqaTia argadamxdelnic igive mdgomareobaSi aRm oCndebian.
maTi wivil-kivili cas Sewvdeba da Weqa-quxils daemsgavseba.
kultivaciis zeqaTis, e.i. oSuris argadamxdelebs kiserze sapalneebi eqnebaT Camokidebuli.. warmaval cxovrebaSi
romeli marcvleulis zeqaTis argamcemT, am saxis sapalneebi daamZimebT. oqros, vercxlisa da qaRaldis fulidan
zeqaTis argadamxdelT ki, kiserze gveli CamoekidebaT. isini iyvireben: „es ra aris?“ maT angelozebi upasuxeben: „es
dedamiwaze arsebuli Tqveni qonebidan gadauxdeli zeqaTia.
aseT saSinel mdgomareobas, ali imran suras as meoTxmoce
aieTi naTlad xsnis: „dedamiwaze rac iZunwes, aRdgomis dRes
kiserze CamoekidebaT“.
sxva xalxs ki, sasircxvo adgilebidan Cirqi gadmosdindebaT. maTgan wamosuli cudi suniT garSemomyofi Zalian
Sewuxdebian. ai, swored eseni arian mruSni da akrZalulis
gamkeTebelni.
sxva adamianebis jgufi ki, ena gareT gamovadnili da gulSi Camokidebuli saSinlad cudi Sesaxedavi arian. adamianebs
maTi danaxva ar moesurvebaT. eseni ki, matyuara da cilismwamebelni arian.
sxva jgufs kide, uzermazari mTebis msgavsad gazrdili
muclebi eqnebaT. ai, eseni dedamiwaze procentis amRebni da
mimcemni arian.
uzenaesi allahi ityvis; „ei muhammed, Tavi wamowie sejdeden! uTxari, Suamdgomloba gaukeTe, miRebuli iqmna“ brZanebs.
allahis Suamavali; „RmerTo Cemo! adamianebs Soris cudni da
kargi ganarCie raTa, dro isedac gaiwela. yvela, codvis gamo
arasaTis moedanze damcirebuli iqmna“ etyvis.
Zaxili moesmineba: „diax ei muhammed! eTqmeba. uzenaesi allahi samoTxes ubrZanebs yvelanairi samkauliT moikazme.
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arasaTis moedani iqmneba motanili. imdenad kargi surneloba eqneba rom xuTasi wlis savali gzis siSoridan sasiamovno suli igrZoba. am mdgomareobidan gulebi ganaTldeba.
sulebi gacocxldeba magarm urwmunoni, am suns ver igrZnoben.
angarisworebis adgilas, uzenaesi allahi, samoTxisa da
jojoxeTis motanas ubrZanebs. am dros, jojoxeTis yvirili da griali da cecxlis fqveva da futi misi mTlianad
zecas dafaravs. misi xmauri da sicxe autanel mdgomareobaSia. yvelas muxlebsi Zala gamoeclebaT da sadac iyvnen iq
Caimuxlebian.
am mdgomareobas suamavali muhammedic ver gauZlebs.
ibrahimi, musa, isa empireas Semoexvevian. ibrahims zvarakad
Sewiruli ismaili daaviwydeba, musas ki, Tavis Zma haruni da
isas deda mariami daaviwydeba. yvela matgani uzenaes allahs Seevedreba, dRes Cemi sulidan meti araferi gvinda“
ityvian .
sayvareli Suamavali ki; „RmerTo Cemo Cems xalxs keTildReoba da daxmareba uboZeo!“ aseTnairad Seevedreba. iq am
tanjvis amtani aravin moinaxeba. uzenaesi allahi aseTnairad gvamcnobs; jasie suras ocda merve aieTSi; „im dRes
yvela xalxs muxlebze CaCoqils dainaxav. yvela xalxi Tavisi
wigniT gamoiZaxeba, dRes Tqven (imqveyanaze) nakeTebis mixedviT ganisjebiT“ ebrZaneba.
aseve mulq suras merve aieTSi; „sadacaa (jojoxeTi) gaskdes unda mZvinvarebisgan.“ allahis Suamavali jojoxeTis
SeaCerebs: „damcirebulad da dadavlebulad ukan gabrundi!
manamde, SenTan Seni mkvidrni jguf-jgufad ar movlnen.“
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jojoxeTic; „ei muhammed! neba miboZe! radganac, Sen CemTvis arami xar“ arSi CamosZaxebs; ei jojoxeTo! muhammeds
mousmine!“ Semdeg muhammedi (s.a.v.) jojoxeTs gaaZevebs. empiriis marcxena mxares ganaTavsebs. angariSsworebis xalxi,
genialurobani
o
Suamavalis am keTil mopyrobasa da Suamdgomlobas erTi meores umaxarobleben. SiSi cota SeumcirdebaT. enbia suras
as meSvide aieTSi: „Cven Sen samyaroSi mowyalebad wargagzavneT“.
rom SevajamoT; allahis Suamavali eqvs adgilas Suamdgomlobas gaswevs. maqamu mahmudda misi SuamdgomlobiT
yvela adamienebi angariSsworebis adgilze cdidan ganTavisufldebian. meore misi SuamdgomlobiT, Zalian bevri samoTxis mkvidri gaxdeba. mesame; misi SuamdgomlobiT Zalian bevrs tabjva ascildebaT. meoTxe codvilni morwmuneni
jojoxeTidan ganTavisufldebian. mexuTe; codvisa da madlis Tanasworni arafatidan gaTavisufldebian da samoTxis
mkvidrni gaxdebian, meeqvse ki, samoTxis mkvidrns xarisxi
moematebaT.
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saocrebebi
ukeTilSobilesi muhammedi uzenaesi allahis Suamavli
rom aris amis damadasturebeli mowme sakmaod mravalia.
uzenaesi allahi brZanebs; „Sen rom ara samyaros ar gavaCendi.“ yvela arseba, iseve rogorc uzenaesi allahis erTobasa da arsebobas, aseve muhamedis Suamavlobasac aRiarebs.
sayvareli Suamaval muhammedis saocrebebi drois mxriv
SeiZleba sam nawilad gavyoT; pirveli, Suamavlobis misiamdeli dro. meore, Suamavlobis misiis Semdegi dro. mesame,
gardacvalebidan aRdgomamde romelsac irhasi ewodeba.
Suamavlobis misiis droindeli saocrebebi samiaTasamdea.
amaTgan yvelaze metad gamorCeulis Sesaxeb mogiTxrobT.
1 _ muhammed (s.a.v.)-is yvelaze didi saocreba wminda
yurania. dRemde yvela literatori yuranSi sityvaTa da
azrTa wyobiTa da mniSvnelobiT moxibluli darCa. maT erTi
aiaTis msgavsis dawerac ki ver SeZles. aiaTs erTi sityvac
rom daamato an moaklo, igi mniSvnelobasa da silamazes kargavs. yurani warsulSi momxdarisa da momavalSi mosaxdenis
Sesaxeb uamrav informacias gvawvdis. mis momsmenT da wamkiTxavelT misi keTilxmovneba aRafrTovanebT. uamravi islamis mteri misi mosmeniT gamuslimanebula.
2 _ erT dRes allahis wminda Suamavali Tavis biZa abbasTan
mivida da mis gverdiT Camojda. iqve abbasis Svilic imyofeboda. kacobriobis siamayem isini ihramiT(piligrimebis TeTri mosasxami) Semosa da uzenaes allahs Seevedra: „RmerTo
Cemo! biZaCemi da Cemi ojaxi rogorc davfare, Senc ise, jojoxeTis cecxlidan daifare.“ amis Semdeg man kedlebidan samjer aminis xma gaigona.
3 _ erT dRes man xelSi kerpiT pirovneba dainaxa; „kerpi rom damelaparakos, rwmenas miiReb?“ hkiTxa am kacs kacobriobis siamayem. kerpYayvanismcemelma upasuxa: „am kerps
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ormocdaaTi welia veTayvanebi da amisgan erTi sityvac ar
msmenia. Sen rogor dagelaparakeba?~ muhammed Suamavalma
kerps hkiTxa: „kerpo, me vin var?“ kerpma moulodnelad ena
amoidga da upasuxa: „Sen allahis Suamavali xar.“ am saswaulis mnaxvelma kerpTayvanismcemelma islami maSinve aRiara.
4 _ erTxel, rodesac allahis wminda Suamavali velze
midioda, mas samjer dauZaxes: `allahis Suamavalo!“. igi im
mxares mitrialda, saidanac xma gaigona da dabmuli iremi
dainaxa. cxovelis gverdiT, erTi adamians eZina. kacobriobis siamayem dainteresda, Tu ra surda irems. cxovelma mas
uTxra: `am monadirem damiWira, magram mopirdapire mTaze
Svilebi davtove, gTxov gamaTavisuflo, maT davapureb da
moval.~ allahis Suamavalma hkiTxa: „sityvas Seasruleb da
ukan dabrundebi?“ iremma miugo: „allahs vficav, Tuki ar
davbrundebi allahis tanjva damatydes Tavs!“ man irems
daujera da gauSva. cota xnis Semdeg cxoveli dabrunda.
am dros monadiremac gaiRviZa da orive samyaros mzes kiTxa:
`allahis Suamavalo raimes isurvebT?“ allahis wminda Suamavalma ma irmis ganTavisufleba Txova; am kacma mas Txovna Seusrula da iremi gaatavisufla. cxovelma warmoTqva:
„mowme var rom,ar arsebobs RvTaeba garda allahisa da Sen
misi Suamavali xar“ da SurduliviT gaiqca.
5 _ nesai da Tirmizi „sunenSi“: brma SuamavalTan movida
da uTxra; „ei allahis Suamavalo! allahs Seevedre, rom
Tvalebi amixilos!“ Suamavalma mas abdesis aReba sTxova Semdeg ki; „ie RmerTo Cemo! Sen gevedrebi. sayvareli Suamavalis
SuamdgomlobiT, Sengan vTxovulob. ei sayvarelo Suamavalo
muhammed! Seni SuamdgomlobiT, RmerTs vevedrebi. Seni pativiT yabuloba msurs. RmerTo Cemo! es uzenaesi Suamavali miSuamdgomle! misdami pativiT vedreba Seismine“ am vedrebis
CakiTxvis Semdeg. Tvalebi aexila.
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6 _ erT-erTma qalbatonma allahis wminda Suamavals saCuqrad Tafli gaugzavna. man Tafli miiRo da WurWeli ukan
saocrebebi
o
gaatana. uzenaesi allahis SemweobiT, TafliT savse WurWeli qals ukan daubrunda. igi SuamavalTan mivida da usayvedura; „allahis Suamavalo iseTi ra Sev code, rom Cemi gamogzavnili saCuqari ar miiReT?~ „saCuqari miviRe. is Tafli
romelic ukan dagibrunda, saCuqrisTvis uzenaesi allahis
mier SenTvis mocemuli baraqaa“ _ miugo Suamavalma. gaxarebulma Tafli saxlSi waiRo. mTelma ojaxma es Tafli ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi miirTva. Tafli saerTod ar mcirdeboda. erT dRes SecdomiT Tafli sxva WurWelSi Caasxes
da mTlianad miirTves. rodesac es ambavi Suamavals uambes,
man SeniSna: „Cemi gagzavnili WurWlidan rom mierTvaT, sanam
es qveyana iarsebebda, is Tafli ar daileodao.“
7 _ ertxel kacobriobis siamayem Tqva: `Cemi mimdevarebi
zRvidan iomeben da Cemi sahabeebidan erT-erTi, qalbatoni
ummu hiramic maTTan erTad iqnebao,~ da marTlac, wminda
osmanis xalifobis dros muslimebma, gemebiT kviprosis kunZulze iomes. es qalbatonic maTTan erTad iyo da iq Sehidi
gaxda.
8 _ erTxel allahis wminda Suamavalma muavies uTxra:
„rodesac Cemi xalxis mmarTveli gaxdebi, sikeTis mqmneli daasaCuqre! cudis Camdens ki apatieo!“ misi sityvebi gamarTlda
da muavie wminda omarisa da osmanis xalifobis dros, oci
weli damaskos gubernatori iyo, xolo Semdeg oci weli xalifa.
9 _ rodesac allahis wminda Suamavalma abdullah ibn
abbasis dedas Sexvda, mas uTxra: „Sen vaJiSvili SegeZineba.
rodesac es moxdeba, bavSvi CemTan moiyvane.~ rodesac bavSvi
daibada Suamavalma mas yurSi ezani da yameTi waukiTxa, saxelad abdullahi daarqva da Tqva: „es bavSvi xalifebis mama
gaxdeba.~ marTlac, abisiniis saxelmwifos saTaveSi xalifebis umravlesoba abdulaah ibn abbasis STamomavlebi iyvnen.
10 _ erTxel Suamavalma sayvarel biZaSvils, abdullah bin
abbass Sublze dalocvili xeli daado da Seevedra; „Rmer-
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To Cemo! es religiaSi swavlulad hqmen, sibrZne da yuranis
codna uboZe!“ marTlac, abdullah ibn abbasi yvela mecnierebaSi, gansakuTrebiT TefsirSi, xadissa da fikihSi epoqis
saukeTeso swavluli gaxda. saxabeebi da Tabiini yvelafers
misgan igebdnen. igi Terjumanul yuranis, bahrul ilimisa da
reisul mufessirinis saxelebiT iyo cnobili, islamis saxemwifoebi misi moswavleebiT aivso.
11 _ allahis wminda Suamavali RmerTs Seevedra, rom misi
msaxuri enes bin maliqi mdidari, gamxdariyo, hyoloda bevri
Svili, didxans ecocxla da codvebi miteveboda da marTlac,
ramdenime xnis Semdeg enesi gamdidrda, misi baRebi karg mosavals iZleoda da mas bevri Svili SeeZina. enesma 110 wlamde icocxla. sicocxlis bolos vedrebis dros man RmerTs
hkiTxa: `asruldeba Tu ara allahis Suamavlis vedrebidan
bolo punqti, romelSic man codvebis patieba misurva?~ da
maSin eness xma Semoesma: `nu swuxxar, meoTxec Sesruldeba.~
12-hijreTis mesame wels, rodesac allahis Suamavali kattanis omis dros xis Ziras ganmartoebiT iwva, masTan xmliT
xelSi erT-erTi urwmuno falavani saxelad dasuri mivida
da daemuqra: „axla Sen Cemi xelidan vin gadagarCens?“ allahis Suamavalma miugo: „uzenaesi allahi gadamarCens“. am
dros jebrail angelozma adamianis saxe miiRo da urwmunos
xelidan xmali gaagdebina. allahis Suamavalma xmali xelSi
aiRo da hkiTxa: „axla Sen vin gadagarCens?“ mterma mas Sewyaleba Txova da ukeTilSobilesma muhammedma is gaaTavisufla. mogvianebiT es iudeveli muslimani gaxda.
13 _ allahis Suamavalma, erT dRes abdesi aiRo, erTi
mesi Caicva, da rodesac xeli meorisken gaiwoda, is Citma
haerSi aitaca. mesidan gveli gadmovarda. amis Semdeg fexsacmlis Cacmis win misi daferTxva sunneTi gaxda.
14 _ enesi mogviTxrobs: `allahis Suamavals erTi pirsaxoci hqonda, rodesac gauWuWuyiandeboda, cecxlSi moisvri546 da. pirsaxoci WuWyisgan Tavisufldeboda da ar iwveboda.
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15 _ rodesac uhudis omSi, ebu yaTades Tvali loyaze gamouvarda, igi Suamavals mihgvaresman dalocvili xeliT Tanamimdevars Tvali jamSi Causva da Rmerts Seevedra; „RmerTo Cemo! Tvali gaumTele!“ da marTlac amis Semdeg yaTade
amTvaliT meoreze ukeT xedavda.
16 _ erT dRes allahis Suamavalma Tavis qaliSvil fatimasTan saxlSi Seiara da misi ojaxi moikiTxa. fatimam mamas
uTxra: „mami! sami dRea me da bavSvebs araferi gviWamia, me
SimSils gavuZleb, magram hasanisa da huseinis mdgomareoba
maRelvebs da mtanjavs“.
sayvarelma Suamavalma miugo; „fatima! Cemi sayvarelo gogo!
Sen sami dRea mSieri xar. me ki, oTxi dRea araferi miWamia“. sayvareli SviliSvilebis mdgomareobam is Zalian daamwuxra...
ali bavSvebis dasapureblad samuSaod
gaemgzavra. rodesac medinas gascda erT-erTi Wis piras sofleli dainaxa,
romelic aqlemebs wyals asvamda.
mas miuaxlovda da uTxra; „arabo! vinme iseTi gWirdebaT,
aqlemebs rom wyals daalevinebs?~ soflelma miugo, „diax,
aseT pirovnebas veZebdi. Tu isurveb modi, aqlemebs wyali
daalevine sanacvlod ki,TiTo vedros amoRebaSi sam hurmas
mogcem.“
wminda alim Widan wylis amozidva daiwyo. rodesac cxra
vedro amoiRo jaWvi gaixsna da vedro WaSi Cvarda. amis
Semxedvare sofleli, ucbad zeze wamoiWra da alis saxeSi
xeli gaartya.
Semdeg rva vedro wylis amozidvis safasuri ocdaoTxi
xurma gadauxada. im kacis qmedebam ali sakmaod daamwuxra,
man xeli WaSi Cayo, vedro amoiRo, iqve dadga da wavida.
sofleli Zalian gaocda: `xeliT aseT Rma WaSi vedros
rogor miswvda?!. nuTu es kaci momavali religiis warmomadgenelia?~ _ aseT fiqrebSi CaiZira sofleli. Semdeg ki
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wmune !“
igi Tavisive qmedebam sinanulSi Caagdo. „aseTi xeli unda
moikveToso,“ xelSi xmali aiRo da is xeli moikveTa, romliTac alis saxeSi gaartya.
Zlieri tkivili igrZno magram, guli daimSvida. mokveTili xeli meore xelSi aiRo da pirdapir mesjidi nebevisken
gaemarTa. sahabeebs hkiTxa, Tu sad SeeZlo allahis Suamavlis naxva. maT upasuxes, Tavis qaliSvil fatimasTan wavidao.
soflelma misamarTi gaigo da alisa da fatimas saxlisken
gaemarTa. gaigo da am dros sayvarel Suamavals SviliSvilebi kalTaze daesva da alisgan motanil hurmas aWmevda.
sofleli, fiqrobda ra Cadenil danaSaulze, gagiJebis piras iyo misuli.
am mdgomareobaSi wminda fatimas saxlTan mivida da karze daakakuna. saxlidan wminda Suamavali gamovida. sofleli
mas Seexvewa: „virwmune Seni. Sen allahis Suamavali xar! Cadenili codva movinanie, gTxov mapatio!~
sayvareli Suamavali dainteresda,Tu ratom moikveta xeli
am adamianma. „Seni Tanamimdevris dalocvil saxeze gamrtymeli xelis tarebis mrcxvenia da imitom movikveTe.~ _ upasuxa
soflelma.
sibralulis okeanem, sayvarelma Suamavalma, soflelis
xelidan, mokveTili xeli aiRo „bismillahirrehmanirrehim~ _ mowyale da mwyalobeli allahis saxeliT“ warmoTqva
da sisxlSi amosvril majaze miamagra. xeli, allahis nebiT,
rogorc Suamavlis erT-erTi saswauli pirvandel mdgomareobas daubrunda. uzenaes allahis yvelaferi ZaluZs, yvelaferis Zala Seswevs.
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dalocvili colebi
allahis Suamavali, xatijes gardacvalebis Semdeg, meored ormocda ToTxmeti wlis asakSi ebu beqiris qaliSvil
aiSeze daqorwinda. es SeuRleba uzenaesi allahis brZanebiT
moxda. kacobriobis siamayem gardacvalebamde rva weli masTan icxovra.
sxva danarCeni qorwinebebi religiuri, politikuri mizezebis gamo Sedga. allahis wminda Suamavlis colebidan
umetesoba qvrivi da xanSi Sesuli iyo. magaliTad, rodesac
meqaSi muslimebze urwmunoTa Tavdasxmebi gaxSirda da iq
cxovreba SeuZlebeli gaxda, sahabeebis erTma nawilma eTiopiaSi gadasaxleba (hijreTi-emigracia) gadawyvita. eTiopiis
mefe nejaSi, qristiani iyo. muslimnebs islamis Sesaxeb uamravi raRacaebi SeekiTxa, maT mier gacemulma gawonasworebulma pasuxebma gaaoca da islami aRiara. muslimebs bevri
sikeTe gaukeTa. sustma morwmunem ubeidullah bin jahSma,
siRaribisgan Tavis daRwevis mizniT mRvdelebis SeTavazebam
miiRo da murTedi (piri romelic gamuslimebis Semdeg rwmenas gamoicvlis) gaxda, religia miwier keTildReobaSi
gacvala jahSi Suamavalis mamidaSvili iyo. Tavis meuRles
ummi habibes aseve rwmenis Secvla SesTavaza magram, dedakacma, rwmenis gamocvlasa da muhammed SuamavlisRalats siRaribe da sikvdili arCia. amitomac jahSi meuRles gaSorda
da elodeboda Tu rodis amoxdeboda suli siRatakesa da
SimSilSi. magram, sul male Tavad gardaicvala. ummu habibe, meqas yuraiSebis mTavarsardlis ebu sufianis qaliSvili
iyo. allahis Suamavali, am dros, yuraiSTa winaaRmdeg omobda, xolo islamis mtrebs sataveSi, rogorc aRvniSneT,
abu sufiani edga.
allahis Suamavalma, ummu habibes Rrma rwmenisa da qmrisagan
miyenebuli sulieri da fizikuri tkivilis Sesaxeb
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gaigo da nejaSis werili miswera: „Sen saxelmwifoSi myof
ummu habibeze unda davqorwinde. SegvauRle! xolo Semdeg
aq gamogzavne.“ nejaSma, vidre es werili masTan miaRwevda,
islami aRiara werili didi pativiscemiT miiRo, iq myofi
muslimebi dapatiJa da nadimi moawyo. nejaSma kacobriobis
siamyis cols uamaravi saCuqari miarTva. amgvarad ummu habibe rwmenisadmi Tavisi Tavdadebis safasurad gamdidrda da
damSvidda. samoTxeSi qalebi qmrebis gverdiT unda iyvnen da
gamomdinare aqedan, ummu habibes allahis wminda Suamavlis
colobiT iseTi pativi ergo, romelTan amqveyniur qoneba
da joldo araferia. am ambavma ebu sufianis gamuslimebis
niadagi Seamzada. rogorc vxedavT, es qorwineba, Suamavalis
gonebamaxvilobisa da mowyalebis xarisxsac gamoxatavs.
omarisqaliSvili wminda hafsa daqvrivda. hijreTis mesame wels wminda omarma, wminda ebu beqirsa da wminda osmans
masze daqorwineba SesTavaza, magram orivem, movifiqrebTo,
uTxra. allahis Suamavalma wminda omaris saxeze mwuxareba
dainaxa da sababi hkiTxa. Tanamimdevarma mas momxdaris Sesaxeb uambo: `Cemi Svili colad ebu beqirsa da osmans SevTavaze, magram, maT hafsaze daqorwineba ar indomes.~ allahis Suamavals misTvis yvelaze sayvareli am sami megobridan
erT-erTis damwuxreba ar surda da maSinve brZana; „omar,
Seni Svilis ebu beqirze da osmanze ufro ukeTesze miTxoveba
ar gsurs?“ omari gaocda. radganac mas ar eguleboda wminda ebu beqirsa da osmanzeukeTesi adamiani. „diax rogor ar
minda allahis Suamavalo!~ _ uTxra omarma. maSin orive samyaros mzem mas sTxova: „omar Seni qaliSvili me momaTxove!“
aseTnairad wminda hafsa ebu beqiris, osmanisa da maTTan
erTad yvela marTlmorwmunis deda gaxda. am brZnuli gadawyvetilebiT allahis wminda Suamavalma Tavis sayvarel
megobrebss Soris ukmayofilebis Camovardnas xeli SeuSala.
hijreTiT mexuTe Tu meeqvse wels, beni mustafas tomidan
asobiT tyve iq na ayvanili, maTs Soris tomis lideris ha- 551
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risis qaliSvili juveiriec eria. Suamavalma igi gamoisyida
da masze daqorwinda. Tanamimdevrebma Tqves, rogor SegviZlia yvela marTlmorwmunis dedis naTesavebi monebad vamyofoTo da yvela tyve gaaTavisufles. amgvarad es qorwineba
asobiT tyvis gaTavisuflebis mizezi gaxda. juveiria amiT
yovelTvis amayobda. wminda aiSe ityoda, juveirze ufro
sasargeblo da baraqiani qali ar minaxavso.
sxva danarCeni meuRleni
abu baqris qaliSvili aiSe, Suamavalis meore meuRle,
Zalian Wkviani, niWieri, swavluli, rigiani qali iyo. sahabeebma Zalian bevri ram misgan Seiswavles. aiSe aiTSic iaris
Seqebuli. deve incidentSi wminda alis winaaRmdeg meomar
sahabeebs Soris iyo. rodesac wminda ali gangmires Zalian
damwuxrda. zogierTebi mas cils swameben, TiTqosda wminda ali ar uyvardao. magram ase sulac ar iyo. vinaidan is
wminda hadisi, romelSic naTqvamia, alis siyvaruli rwmenis
Semadgeneli nawiliao, swored wminda aiSam gadmogvca. hijreTamde rva wlis win daibada da hijreTiT ormocda Cvidmet wels, samocda xuTi wlis asakSi medinaSi gardaicvala.
sevda binTi zema Suamavlis mesame meuRlem pirvel qmarTan erTad eTiopiaSi hijreTi gaakeTa. rodesac meqaSi dabrundnen meuRle gardaecvala. Suamavalma jer aiSeze, Semdeg sevdaze iqorwina. sevda wminda omaris halifobis dros
gardaicvala.
zeineb binTi huzeime Zalian bevrs emsaxureboda uzenaes
allahs da uxvad iRebda mowyalebas, pirvelad abdullah
bin jahSis meuRle iyo. abdullahi Suamav lis mamidaSvil
umeimes vaJiSvili iyo. igi uhudis omSi gaigmira. Suamavalis
meuRleobis pativi xvda wilad magram, rva Tvis Semdeg gardaicvala.
ummu selemes saxelad hindi erqva. meuRlesTan erTad
eTiopiaSi
pirvelad emigrirebul xalxTan erTad gadasaxl552
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sayvareli Suamavlis ojaxi
o
da. ebu seleme, allahis Suamav lis mamidisa da berres vaJiSvili ubeidullah bin jahSis Zma iyo,romelic medinaSi
hijreTis Semdeg meoTxe wels, uhudis omSi daiRupa.. umu
selemem omarisa da ebu beqiris SeTavazeba qorwinebis Taobaze uguvelebelyo. mas Suamavlis meuRleoba ergo wilad.
hijreTiT ormocda mecxrammete wels medinaSi oTxmocda
oTxi wlis asakSi gardaicvala. Suamavlis meuRleebidan igi
yvelaze bolos gardaicvala.
zeineb binTi jahSi allahis Suamavalis mamidaSvili da
abdullah bin jahSis da iyo. mamamisma berrem islami ar
irwmuna da amitom jahSi Searqves. zeinabi ki, pirvel morwmuneTagani iyo. allahis Suamavalma igi Tavis Svilobil
zeid bin harissze daaqorwina. zeidma ver SeZlo colTan
normaluri urTierTobis awyoba, amitomac hijreTis mesame
wels isini erTmaneTs daSordnen. allahis Suamavalma zeinabze qorwineba isurva. rodesac zeinebma es gaigo, sixarulisgan ori muxli namazi iloca da allahs Seevedra; „RmerTo Cemo! Sens Suamavals Cemi colad SerTva surs. Tuki
gsurs misi meuRleobis pativi damdo, masTan Sen SemauRle“.
uzenaesma vedreba ismina da sura ahzabis ocdameCvidmete
aieTi gardmoevlina; „mas Semdeg, roca zeidma, urTierToba
gawyvita masTan (ganqorwinda), Cven SuamavalTan SegauRleT“.
zeinebis qorwineba TviT uzenaesma allahma moawyo, amitomac allahis Suamavalma xelmeored niqahis gakeTeba aRar
CaTvala saWirod. zeinebi yovelTvis amayobda am qorwinebiT
da dasZenda, yvela qals Tavisi ded-mama aqorwinebs, magram
me uzenaesma allahma damaqorwinao. am dros is ocdaTvrammeti wlis iyo. igi hijreTis meoce wels, ormocdacammeti
wlis asakSi gardaicvala.
safie-heiberis ebraelebis winamZRolis, huei ibni ahTabis
qaliSvili iyo. heiberSi erT-erT ebraelze iyo daniSnuli.
Semdeg mdidar qenane bin haqqze daqorwinda. hijreTis meSvide wels rodesac haiberi muslimebma gaaTavisufles, safie muslimebs tyved Cauvarda. allahis Suamavalma igi ga- 553
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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moisyida da tyveobidan gaaTavisufla, safiem islami aRiara
da Suamavlis colobas pativi xvda wilad. igi hijreTiT ormocdaaT wels medinaSi gardaicvala.
meimunes bavSvobis droindeli saxeli berre iyo. magram,
allahis Suamavalma mas saxeli gadaarqva da meimune daarqva.
rodesac heiberis aRebis Semdeg meqqaSi umris (patara piligrimoba) Sesasruleblad midiodnen, misi pirveli qmari
gzaSi gardaicvala. mas allahis Suamavals meuRleobis pativi ergo. hijreTiT ormocdacamet wels meqaSi avad gaxda.
man iTxova: „meqadan gamiyvaneT, vinaidan allahis Suamavalma
macnoba rom meqas gareT unda gardavicvalo “. is meqas gareT gaiyvanes da sadac misi da allahis Suamavlis qorwineba
Sedga, swored iq gardaicvala.
maria - Suamavalis mxevali iyo man islami miiRo da allahis Suamavlis colobis pativi xvda wilad. maria allahis
SuamavlisTvis egviptis aleqsandrias mefis muyavyisis mier
naboZebi saSuqari iyo, amitomac misi namdvili warmomavloba da dabadebis TariRi ar aris cnobili. allahis Suamavals misgan vaJiSvili ibrahimi SeeZina. maria savsebiT mSvidi, dinji da Tavis TavSi Caketili qali gaxldaT. igi wminda
omaris halifobis bolo wlebSi 637 (h.16) gardaicvala da
dakrZaluli iqna jeneTum-albayis sasaflaoze
reihane islams maSin eziara, rodesac Suamavlis mxevali
iyo.. medinaSi arsebuli ebrauli tomis beni yureizas sagvareulodan gaxldaT. warmomavlobi jaWvi, reihane binTi
Semun ibni iezid an reihane binTi zeid ibni amr ibni hanefe
bin Semum bin iezidia. misi dabadebis TariRi cnobili ar
aris. Suamavlis gardacvalebamde 631 (h.10) wels medinaSi
gardaicvala.
allahis wminda Suamavali erT-erT hadisSi brZanebs: „Cemi
da Cemi qaliSvilebis yvela qorwineba uzenaesi allahis nebiT
moxda~.
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sayvareli Suamavlis ojaxi
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allahis Suamavlis mravalcolianobis ZiriTadi mizezi,
islamis religiis Secnoba iyo. hijabis aiaTis garmovlenamde, qalbatonebi SuamavlTan modiodnen, raTa islamis Sesaxeb ama Tu im Temaze amomwuravi da zusti pasuxi mieRoT.
rodesac hijabis aieTi gardmoevlina da ucxo dedakacebis
ucxo mamakacebTan erTad dasxdoma da laparaki aikrZala,
allahis Suamavalma amis Semdeg ucxo dedakacebi aRar miiRo. maT uTxra, rom rac ar icodnen aiSesTvis ekiTxaT.
kiTxvis damsmeli Zalian bevri iyo, amitom aiSe yvela kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad dros ver poulobda. am mniSvnelovani samsaxuris gamartivebisa da wminda aiSesTvis aseTi
didi tvirTis Sesamsubuqeblad, man ramdenime coli SeirTo. muslimma dedakacebma islamis Sesaxeb sruli informaciis miReba swored Suamavlis colebidan SeZles. sayvarel
Suamavals mxolod erTi coli rom hyoloda, yvela dedakacisTvis pasuxis gacema Zalian gaZneldeboda uzenaesma allahma islamis sruli gaazrebisa da SecnobisaTvis, sayvarel Suamavals mravalcolianobis es sakmaod mZime tvirTi
tvirTi daakisra.
allahis Suamavlis Svilebi
sayvarel Suamavals sami vaJiSvili da oTxo qaliSvili
hyavda. fatimas garda yvela mis gardacvalebamde gadavida
saiqioSi. Suamavlis gvari fatimasa da alis Stamomavlebma
gaagrZeles. SviliSvilebidan huseinis STamomavlobas seidi,
xolo wmida hasanis STamovalobas Serifi ewodeba. seidebisa
da Serifebisadmi pativiscema, sayvareli Suamavlisadmi siyvaruls niSnavs.
yasimi _ Suamavlis sam vaJiSvilTagan pirvelia. amitomac,
Suamavals ebul yasimi Seerqva. igi mas Suamavlobis misiamde
meqaSi SeeZina wmina xatijedan. yasimi Cvidmeti Tvis asakSi
gardaicvala.
zeinebi _ Suamavlis oTx qaliSvilTagan yvelaze ufro-
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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sia. rodesac igi qveyanas moevlina Suamavali ocdaaTi wlis
iyo. igi mamamisis Suamavlobis misiis dawyebamde dedamisis
xatijes modgmis ufliswulze ebul as bin rebiaze daqorwinda. ebul asmam Tavdapirvelad ar iwama. bediris omSi
igi tyved Cavarda, meuRlis medinaSi gamoSvebis sanacvlod
gaTavisuflebuli iqna. Tavisi Zmis erTad iqna medinaSi gamogzavnili magram, urwmunonma igi ukan daabrunes. allahis
Suamavalma zeid bin harisi meqasi gaagzavna, zeinebi ramesi
moitaca da medinasi Camoiyvana. ebu asi hudeibies omis Semdeg gamuslimanda. zeinebi xelmeored iqna daqorwinebuli
masze. zeinebis Svili meqas aRebis dros allahis Suamavlis
aqlemis ukan iyo Sesmuli. zeinebis qaliSvili umame alim
SeirTo colad.
ruqaie _ Suamavlis meore qaliSvilia. allahis Suamavali
ocdacameTi wlis iyo roca igi qveyanas moevlina. ruqqaie
mzeTunaxavi iyo. igi ebu lehebis Svilze uTbeze dainiSna.
„TebbeT ieda“ suras gardmovlenis Semdeg, uTbe mas qorwinebamde gaSorda. zeSTagonebis gardmovlenis ruqqaie wminda
osmanze iqna daqorwinebuli. maT orjer eTiopiaSi hijreTi
gaakeTes. ocdaori wlis asakSi, bediris omamde avad gaxda.
wminda osmani bediris omSi ar yofila. igi Tavis meuRlesTan darCa. daasaflaves maSin, rodesac bedirSi gamarjvebulni medinaSi dabrundnen.
ummu gulsumi _ Suamavlis mesame qaliSvilia. igi ebu lehebis meore vaJiSvilze uTeibeze iqna daniSnuli, magram
sura „TebbeT iedas“ gardmovlenis Semdeg isini qorwinebamde daSordnen erTmaneTs. uTeibem allahis Suamavals mware
sityvebi uTxra, ris gamoc kacobriobis siamaye allahs Seevedra; „RmerTo Cemo! es mxecs gadahyareo!“ uTeibe damaskos
gzaze lomis mier iqna daglejili. ruqaies gardacvalebis
Semdeg, zeSTagoneba gardmoevlina, romelic amcnobda ummu
gulsumis osmanze qorwinebas. igi hijreTiT mecxre wels
gardaicvala. dasaflavebis locva Suamavalma aRavlina, igi
556 Svilis saflavTan idga da dalocvili Tvalebidan cremlebi
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sayvareli Suamavlis ojaxi
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scvivoda.
fatima: Suamavalis meoTxe qaliSvilia. igi alis meuRle
da omaris sidedri iyo. igi alize 15 wlis asakSi daqorwinda.
daqorwinebis dros mehiraT oTxasi misxali vercxli iqna gadacemuli. maSin ali oci wlis iyo. igi sayvareli Suamavlis
ojaxis warmomadgeneli iyo. alis da fatimas sami vaJiSvili
hasani, huseini da muhsini da ori qaliSvili, gulsumu da
zeinabi SeeZinaT allahis Suamav lis STamomavloba fatimaTi gagrZelda. zeinebi, abdullah bin jafer taiarze daqorwinda, misgan ori Svili SeeZina, ali da ummu gulsumu. maT
STamomavlobas Serefi jaferi ewodebaT. fatima hijreTamde cameti wlis win, meqaSi daibada, hijreTis meTerTmete
wels ocdaoTxi wlis asakSi gardaicvala.
abdullahi _ Suamavlis hatijadan SeZenili bolo vaJiSvilia. igi mamamisis Suamavlobis misiis dawyebamde daibada
da Cvil asakSi gardaicvala. taiibisa da tahirs eZaxdnen.
rodesac abdulahi gardaicvala, as bin vailma Tqva, muhammedi ebTeri gaxda, e.i. misi gvari gardaSendao. uzenaesma
allahma „inna eRteinaTi“ mas sakadrisi pasuxi gasca.
ibrahimi _ Suamavlis vaJiSvilebidan da saerTod yvela
Svilidan yvelaze umcrosi iyo. is Suamavals aleqsandrias
gubernator mukavkisis mier misTvis naCuqari mariasgan
SeeZina. ibrahimi hijreTis merve wels daibada, wlinaxevris
asakSi ki gardaicvala. rodesac igi avad iyo, Suamavali mas
xelSi aiyvanda da cremlebi wamoscvivdeboda. rodesac igi
gardaicvala, mze dabneldao, Tqves. rodesac allahis Suamavalma es naTqvami gaigo, Tqva: „mTvare da mze uzenaesi allahis arsebobisa da erTobis maCvenebeli ori qmnilebaa. visimes siyvdiliT, an sicocxliT mze ar dabneldeba. maT rodesac,
dainaxavT uzenaesi allahi gaixseneT!“ rodesac ibrahimi gardaicvala, allahis wminda Suamavalma brZana: `ibrahim! Senma
sikvdilma dagvamwuxra, Tvalebi agvicremla, gulebi dagvwyvita, magram, uzenaesi RmerTis sawyens arafers vityviT.“
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sayvareli Suamavlis ojaxi
sayvareli Suamavlis yvela ojaxis wevrs ehli beiTi ewodeba. misi dalocvili meuRleebi, qaliSvil fatimasa da als
STamomavalT da Suamavlis gvaris haSimis Svilebic ehli
beiTSi Sedian.
uzenaesi allahi sura `ahzabis~ 33-e aieTSi brZanebs:
„allahs, mxolod Tqveni codvebidan ganwmenda da sisufTave
surs“.
sahabebma Suamavals hkiTxes, Tu vin iyo misi ehli beiTi?
am dros ali movida. sayvarelma Suamavalma maT miugo ali,
Cemi qaliSvili fatima da SviliSvilebi hasani da huseini
arian Cemi ehli beiTio. maT aseve, ali aba an ali resuli
ewodebaT
Suamavalis ojaxis siyvaruli, bolo amosunTqvisas saiqaoSi cxonebiT wabrZanebis mizezi gaxdeba. Suamavlis ojaxis siyvaruli yvela muslimisTvis savaldebuloa. Suamavali
erT-erT hadisSi brZanebs: „Cemi ojaxi nuhis gemis (noes kidobanis) msgavsia. maTze mimyoli bednierebas eRirseba. xolo
mowinaaRmdege ganadgurdeba.“
misi ojaxis Rvawli islamis gavrcelebaSi Zalian didia,
xolo gakeTebuli sikeTe uamravia. amis sruli aRwera adamianis mxridan SeuZlebelia. maTi Rirseba da udidebulesoba
mxolod aiaTebiT SeiZleba gavigoT.
imami Safi ambobda: „allahis Suamavalis ojaxo! Tqven siyvaruls, uzenaesi allahi, yuraniT gvibrZanebs. Tuki locvis aRmvleni TqvenTvis ar Sevedreba misi locva ar miiReba;
Tqvens udidebulesobas gamCeni RmerTi aseTnairad gvaCvenebs. imdenad pativsacemi xarT, rom uzenaesi allahi, yuranSi arsebuli aiaTiT Tqven gesalmebaT“.
wminda enesi ambobs: „allahis Suamavals SeekiTxnen, Tu
vin uyvarda yvelaze metad ojaxis wevrebidan, allahis Sua558 mavalma miugo, rom yvelaze metad mas SviliSvilebi, hasani
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sayvareli Suamavlis ojaxi
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da huseini uyvarda.~
ebu hureira ambobs: „allahis SuamavlTan vimyofebodi,
rodesac hasani movida. allahis Suamavali Seevedra: `RmerTo Cemo, igi me miyvars. hasani Senc Seiyvare da misi Semyvareblebic Seiyvare.“ sxva dros is ambobda: „hasani da huseini,
dedamiwaze Cemi keTilsurnelni arian.“
allahis Suamavali brZanebs: „Cem Semdeg Tqven or rames
gitovebT. Tuki maT mtkiced xels CasWidebT, gzas ar ascdebiT. pirveli meoreze ufro Zlieria. pirveli, uzenaesi allahis wigni yurani, romelic zecidan dedamiwamde CamoSvebuli
mtkice bagiria. meore ki, Cemi ojaxia. es ori erTi-meorisgan
ganucalkevebelia. vinc maT ar gayveba, Cems gzas acdenili iqneba“.
wminda hasani da huseini gaxdnen. muhammed Suamavalma
alisa da fatimas bauSvebis gamojamrTelebisaTvis raRacis
aRTqma urCia. maTac msaxur fiddasTan ertad uzenaes allahs samdRiani marxva aRuTqves. bavSvebi gamojanmrTeldnen. maT saxlSi saWmeli araferi hqondaT. alim erT-erT
ebraelidan qeri isesxa. samivem Senapirebi marxvis Sesruleba ganizraxa. ebraelisgan nasesxebi qeri mosamsaxurem dafqva da xuTi qada gamoacxo. ojaxi xuTi wevrisgan Sedgeboda.
marxvis gaxsnis dro movida. fatimam qadebi magidaze daalaga, raTa marxva gaexsnaT, swored am dros erTi Rataki
movida da maT uTxra: „allahis Suamavalis ojaxo! Rataki
muslimi var. rame saWmeli momeciT. raTa uzenaesi allahi
samoTxis sanovageTi gagimaspinZldeT.~ yvela qada mas misces, maT marxva wyliT gaxsnes da mSivrebma daiZines. meore
dRes marxva gaagrZeles. mosamsaxurem isev dafqva qeri da
xuTi qada gamoacxo. marxvis gaxsnis dro axlovdeboda, rodesac maTTan erTi oboli mivoda da saWmeli iTxova, matac
yvela qada aiRes da am obols mices. TviTon ki marxva isev
wyliT gaxsnes da isev mSivrebma daiZines. mesame dResac marxva gaagrZeles da monarCeni qeriT mosamsaxurem xelmeored
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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gamoacxo xuTi qada, marxvis gaxsnis dro rodesac movida,
maTtan erTi tyve mivida da Txova, sami dRea mSieri var.
damabes da saWmelic ar momceso. uzenaesi allahis gulisTvis SemicodeT da saWmeli momeciTo. yvela qada mas misces
da kidev erTxel wyliT gaxsnes marxva. amis Taobaze uzenaesma allahma sura insanis aieTebi (7-9, 21) gardmoavlina:
„maT aRTqmuli, Seasrules. xangZlivi da samaradiso aRdgomis
dRis SiSiT TavianTvis sasurveli saWmelebi Rataks, obolsa
da tyves gadasces. Cven isini uzenaesi allahis kmayofiT davapureT. ueWvelad, Tqvenidan samagiero madloba, an raimes ar
veliT, araferi ar gvindaT Tqveni. amitomac uzenaesma allahma maT ankara sasmisi daalevia...“
ebu hureira gadmogvcems rom, sayvarelma Suamavalma
brZana: „Tqvenidan saukeTesoni, Cems Semdeg, Cems ojaxze sikeTis mqmneli arian.“
sayvarelma Suamavalma brZana: „Cemi ojaxisdami sikeTis
mqmnels, aRdgomis dRes Suamdgomloba gavuwev. isini, vinc
siratis xidze ise gaivlian rom fexi ar ausxltdebaT, Cemo
ojaxisa da megobrebis mosiyvaruleni iqnebiano.“
iami rabbanis gadmocemuli hadisiT, allahis Suamavali
brZanebs: „ali visac uyvars, WeSmaritad mas mec vuyvarvar,
mas vinc umtrobs, icodes rom Cemi mteria. mas vinc awyeninebs,
icodes rom me mawyenina, vinc me mawyeninebs, ueWvelad allahs
gaanawyenebs“.
allahis Suamavali brZanebs: „uzenaesma allahma, me oTxi
pirovnebis siyvaruli mibrZana. da macnoba rom, isini masac
uyvars.“ roca SeekiTxnen maTi saxelebi; „maTgan erT-erTi
alia, alia, alia, ebu zerri, miqdadi, da selmao“ miugo.
„Cemi ojaxis gamo, Cemi gulismtkens uaRresad mZafri tanjva moelis.“
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erT-erT hadisSi ukeTilSobilesi muhamedi brZanebs: „fatima Cemi Semadgeneli nawilia.“ ebu hureira gadmogvcems:
sayvareli Suamavlis ojaxi
o
„allahis Suamavalma alis uTxra; „fatima, Senze ufro metad
miyvars, magram Sen CemTvis ufro Zvirfasi xaro“.
kide erT hadisSi is brZanebs: „Tqvenidan islamis religiis sanacvlod arafers viTxov. mxolod Cemi Sinaurebis, Cemi
ojaxis siyvaruls gTxovo!“
islamis swavlulebs am qveynidan wabrZanebis dros allahis Suamavlis ojaxis siyvaruli aucilebel pirobad miuCneviaT. radganac allahis Suamavlis ojaxis wevrebSi misi
genebia, ehli beiTis pativiviscema yvela muslimisaTvis savaldebulod CauTvliaT.
islamis udidesi swavluli imami rabbani, brZanebs: „Cemi
mama gulis swavluli iyo. igi yovelTvis Suamavalis ojaxis
siyvaruli urCevda da rekomendacias aZlevda es siyvaruli
am qveynidan gamgzavrebis win imaniT gamgzavrebaSi did daxmarebas gauwevs. rodesac gardaicvala masTan vimyofebodi.
bolo momentebSi grZnobis daqveiTebis dros, mas Sevaxsene
misi naandeZvari da SevekiTxe raime saSualebas Tu grZnobo.
am mdgomareobaSic: Suamavalis ojaxis siyvarulis okeaneSi vcuravo.“ miTxra. im wuTas uzenaesi allahi Sevaqe da
ganvadide. ehli beitis siyvaruli ehli sunneTis kapitalia.
saiqioSi netareba, yovelTvis am kapitalze aris damokidebuli.
Suamavalis ojaxi sami nawilisgan Sedgeba: sisxliT naTesavni, umwiklno meuRleni, misi da misi meuRleebis mosamsaxureni.
wminda fatimas STamomavloba warRvnamde allahis Suamavlis ojaxis wevrebi arian.
meamboxenic rom, iyvnen maTi
siyvaruli mainc aucilebelia.
allahis Suamavlis megobrebi (eshabi)
Suamavalis megobrebs, qals da mamakaci, bavSvs da zrdasrul muslims allahis Suamavlis mravaljer an erTjer 561
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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damnaxvels, romlebsac Suamavaltan ertxel mainc usaubriaT, islams ziarebian da muslimad aRsrulebulan „sahibi“ an
„sahabi“ ewodeba.
Tuki Suamavali urwmunoebis dros dainaxa magram, rwmena
ar miiRo da Suamavalis gardacvalebis Semdges islami miiRo, da Semdeg islami miatovada, sahabi (Suamavalis megobari) ar aris.
sahabebi religiis dogmebis mcodne yvelaze avtoritetuli pirovnebebi arian. radganac Zvirfasi yurani, Suamavalisgan SeumecnebiaT, momaval TaobebisTvis SeuswavlebiaT
da ganumartavT.
maTgan gadmocemul dogmebs wminda hadisebis fundamenti
CamouyalibebiaT. islamSi icmai ummeTi, e.i. swavlulTa konsesusi, mxolod eshabis droSi ganxorcielebula safuZvlianad da Cinebulad. sxvaTa Soris yoveli sahabes religiaSi
maTi sityva sabuTi iyo, eqspeditori mujTehidi swavluli
iyvnen. maT Semdeg myof mujTehidebze win dganan.
ehli sunneTis swavlulebs, eshabebi sam nawilad gauyviaT:
1 _ muhajirebi (emigrantebi)
2 _ ensari (emigrantebze damxmareni)
3 _ da am or kategoriis garda darCenili sahabeebi
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yvelaze erTguli sahabeebi oTxi xalifa ivnen. eseni
xalobis rigis mixedviT arian; abu baqri, omari, osmani da
ali. amaTs Semdeg modian sahabeebidan yvelaze umaRlesi
ReSerei mubeSSere (maT samoTxis binadroba sicocxleSive
ecnobaT(maTi arodenoba 10-)). am ori kategoriis Semdeg yvelaze gamoCenili is ormoci sahabea, romlebic islams pirvelad eziarnen. maT Semdeg modis bediris omSi monawile samas
cameti sahabea. maT Semdeg ki, yvelaze umaRlesni uhudis
omis monawile Svidasi gmiria. amis Semdeg umaRlesni, hijre-
sayvareli Suamavlis ojaxi
o
Tis meeqvse wels, xis ZirSi allahis Suamavalze: „sikvdili
da ara ukan daxeva“ sityvis damdebi aTas oTxasi kacia. am
SeTanxmebas „biiaTi ridvani“ ewodeba.
sahabeebis ricxvi: meqas aRebis dros aTi aTas, xolo Tebuqis omSi samocdaaTi aTas Seadgenda. allahis Suamavalis
gamosamSvidobebel huTbis dros dedamiwaze as ocda oTxi
aTasi sahabe iyo. amis Taobaze gansxvavebuli monacemebic
arsebobs..
sahabeebidan ukanasknelni _ abdullah bin evfa, 705 (h.86)
wels qufaSi gardaicvala. abdullah bin iesri, 706 (h.88)
wels damaskoSi aResrula. sehl bin saRdi 709(h.92) wels 100
wlis asakSi medinaSi gardaicvala. enes bin maliqi 711 (h.93)
wels basraSi gardaicvala. ebuT tufeil amir bin vasili,
718(h.100) wels meqaSiaresrula.
Suamavlis gardacvalebis Semdeg, oTxi xalifas xanaSic,
sahabeebi, islamis gavrcelebis procesSi, saRvTo omis Sesaxeb dadebuli Tavisi sityvis erTgulni darCnen. yvelam
SeTanxmebulad, TavianTi mSobliuri adgilebi miatoves,
arabeTis naxevarkunZulis sazRvrebs gareT gavidnen da
yvela kuTxe _ kunWuls moednen. wasulTagan umravlesoba
ukan, samSobloSi aRar dabrunebulan, im mxareebSi, sadac
gadavidnen, sikvdilis bolomde saRvTo omi awarmoes da
islami gaavrceles. maT sul raRac mcire droSi uamravi
qveyana aiRes. aRebul saxemwifoebSi islami swrafi tempiT
gavrcelda.
sahabeebi yvelani samarTlianni iyvnen. islamis miwodebaSi
yvela mokavSire iyo. yurani maT or ydas Soris moaqcies,
e.i. wignad Sekres. wminda hadisebi maT gadmogvces.
sahabeebis mdgomareobis, cxovrebisa da sikeTis gadmomcemi uamravi wigni aris dawerili da gamoqveynebuli.
Suamavlebisa da angelozebs Semdeg umaRlesobis institutis matarebeli swored rom sahabeebi arian. maTi saxele-
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bi pativiscemiT unda iqnas warmoTqmuli.
sahabeebi yvela, am Temis yvela erTad aRebulze win dganan. muhammed Suamavlis misiis yvela damjeri da dammowmebeli misi ummeTia( misi modgmisaa-misi Temis warmomadgenelia)
mniSvneloba ar aqvs TeTrkaniania Tu Savkaniani, Raribia Tu
mdidari, dedakacia Tu mamakaci, mis damjer yvela adamians
muhammedis ummeTi(Temi) ewodeba.
sahabeebis saTnoebisa da umaRlesobis aRmniSvnel aiaTSi
nabrZanebia: „Tqven xarT saukeTeso Temi.“1
„islami pirvelad amRiarebeli muhajirebi (emigrantebi) da
ansarebi (medines mcxovreblni emigrantebze damxmareni) da
vinc gayva maT sikeTes, allahi kmayofilia maTgan; da isinic
kmayofili arian misgan. allahma, maT Zirs moCuxCuxe nakadulebiT samoTxe moumzada, isini samaradisod darCebian iq, ai es
swored, didi gamarjvebaa.“2
„muhammedi allahis Suamavalia. da masTan myofni(sahabeebi),
ukiduresni urwmunoTa winaSe da lmobieri erTi-meoris mimarT. maT dainaxav, ruquRisa da sujudis Sesrulebisas, isini sikeTesa da kmayofis survils elodebian allahidan. maT
saxeze, sejdis nakvalavi simptomi aqvT. ai es maTi mdgomareoba Torasa da saxarebaSic aris moxsenebuli: maT ylorti
amouyriaT, TandaTan gamtkicebula, gamsxvilebula, tanze aRmarTula, romelic, miwaTmoqmeds esiamovneba, urwmunons ki,
aRaSfoTebs. allahma, maT, vinc irwmunebs da sikeTes qmnis,
Sewyaleba da udidesi muqafa Sehpirda.“3
sahabeebis Sesaxeb hadisebSi allahis Suamavali brZanebs
„Cemi megobrebi (sahabeebi) ar galanZRoT! sahabeebis Semdeg
dedamiwaze movlenilma pirma mTis tola oqro mowyalebad
rom gasces, Cemi sahabeebis mier mowyalebad gacemul erTi
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1. sura ali imrani: 110.
2. sura Tevbe, 100.
3. sura feTihi: 29.
sayvareli Suamavlis ojaxi
o
muWa qeriT mopovebul madls an mis naxevarsac ver moixveWs.~
Cemi sahabeebi (megobrebi) zecaSi arsebuli varskvlavebis
msgavsi arian. maT Tu gayvebiT, WeSmaritebas eziarebiT.
Cemi megobrebis mimarT mtrobas moerideT. allahis geSinodeT! visac isini uyvars, Cems siyvarulSi CaeTvleba . vinc
maT umtrobs, me mimtrobs. vinc maT awyeninebs, mec mawyeninebs.
da vinc me mawyeninebs, uzenaes allahis risxvas gamoiwvevs.
Cemi TemSi saukeTesoni Cems xanaSi myofni arian. maT Semdeg
yvelaze saukeTesoni, maT mere arsebulni arian. maTs Semdeg
yvelaze saukeTesoni maT mere arsebulni. Cemi damnaxvels da
Cemi damnaxvelis, damnaxvel muslumans jojoxeTis cecxli
ar dawvavs.“
zemoT moxsenebuli aieTi da wminda hadisebi naTlad gamoxatavs maT udidesubolobas.
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allahis Suamavalis zogierTi sunneTi
dalocvili wveri da Tmebi
sayvareli allahis Suamavlis dalocvili Tmebis Sesaxeb
enes bin maliqs SeekiTxnen:
_ allahis Suamavals rogori Tmebi hqonda?
wminda enesma Semdegi pasuxi gasca:
`misi Tmebi arc xuWuWa iyo da arc gluvi. Tmis sigrZe ki,
yurebamde iyo.
ibni abbasis gadmocemiT, Suamavals Sublze hqonda gadmofenili Tmebi. Semdeg ki orad gayofili.
swavlulebs uTqvamT: „Tmebis or mxareze gayofa Suamavlis sunneTia. amitomac SemdegSi Suamavali aseTnairad moqceula. Tmebis Sublzec dafena miRebulia, orive mxarezec
ganawilebac miRebulia. magram gayofa ufro ukeTesia.
qalbatoni aiSe brZanebs: “Suamavlis jubbeze zemoT da vefreze qvemoT Tma hqonda.“
jummes mxarbeWze Sexebul Tmas, xolo vefres yuris bibilomde Tmas eZaxian. mokled qalbatoni aiSas gadmocemiT
allahis Suamavlis dalocvili Tma bibilos qvemoT Camosuli iyo da mxarbeW zemoT.
zogierT gadmocemaSi yurebamde hqonda Tma gazrdili
zogierT gadmocemaSi ki, mxarbeWamdeo, es imas niSnavs rom,
xandaxan ase hqonda da xandaxan iseo. yvela gadmocema sworia. Suamavali xandaxan Tmas izrdida, xan ki, ikreWda.
Suamavalis wveris formis Sesaxeb wminda enesi aseTnairad
gadmogvcems. Suamavals wverSi Zalian cota WaRara eria. dalocvil TmebSi da wverSi TeTri wvela. Cvidmetsa da Tvrammets ar gadascildebodao.
wminda ebubeqirma erT dRes allahis Suamavals hkiTxa:
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_ gaWaRaravdi, allahis Suamavalo?
kacobriobis siamayem upasuxa:
_ me hudis, vayias, murselaTis, Ramme ieTesaeluni da izesSemsu quvvireT (nebe da Teqvir)-is sureebma gamaWaRarava.
moyvanili sureebSi samoTxisa da jojoxeTis ambebia gadmocemuli.
anu man brZana, Cemi ummeTis mdgomareoba rogori unda
iyos, amis fiqrma Tmebi da wveri gamiWaRaravao.
amr bin Suabi brZanebs: `Suamavalis wveri ganivedan kisridan iwyebodao.~ Tirmizis gadmocemuli hadisiT: „ulvaSis ar momparsavi, ar dammoklebeli Cvenidan ver iqneba.“ sxva
hadisSi Suamavali brZanebs: „wveri grZlad mouSviYT, ulvaSi
ki daimokleT“
ibni abdul haqimi brZanebs: „ulvaSi daimokleT da wveri mouSviT, ulvaSis damoklebaSi moparsva nagulisxmevi ar
aris.“
imami nevevi gadmogvcems: „ulvaSis moparsvaSi nagulisxmevia, naTlad bagis napiris gamoCenaa da ara mTliani moparsva.~
swavlulTa umetesobis mixedviT, ulvaSis SekreWa da warbis doneze dayvana sunneTia. wveris ki, erTi bRujas datoveba da erT bRujaze metis SekreWa sunneTia.
wveris erT bRujamde gagrZeleba da erT bRujaze metis SekreWa sunneTia. wveris erT bRujaze naklebis datovebac sunneTisTvis mizanSewonili ar aris. erT bRujaze
naklebi wveris datoveba da ganzraxva rom, viTomcda sunneTia bidRa aris. harami iqneba. wveris datoveba sunneTi
zevaidia(danamatia). Tuki, wveris moSveba, WeSmaritebis
ganxorcielebas, saarsebo saxsris mopovebas, konspiracias
xels SeuSlis misi mTliana moparsva misaRebi da aucilebe568 li iqneba. zemoT naxsenebi mizezebi sunneTis arSesrule-
n
allahis Suamavlis zogierTi sunneTi
o
bisTvis sapatio mizezebia, magram bidRas gakeTebas sapatio
mizezi ar gaaCnia.
Suamavalis dawola da Zili
allahis Suamavali rodesac sawolTan mividoda marjvena
mxares dawveboda, marjvena xels, marjvena loyis qveS amoidebda da ityoda:
„RmerTo Cemo! Cemi suli migabare. saxe, Sensken Semovatriale. saqme, Sen Cagabare. me, tanjvis meSinia, mowyalebas vimedovneb. Seni mowyalebis garda Sesakedlebeli arsad arsebobs, da
Seni tanjvisgan gadamrCenic ar arsebobs.
mxolod, Sen wyalobaze SeiZleba mikedleba da mxolod, Seni
wyalobiT SeiZleba gadarCena.
me, Sens mier gardmovlenili wigni da warmogzavnili Suamavali viwame.
RmerTo Cemo! mxari Cemi, Seni saxeliT sarecels Sevaxe.
Tuki, suls Cems ukan aRar daabruneb mas mowyalebiT moepyari,
magram mas Tu gaaTavisufleb, rogorc RvTismosavnis sulebi
aris daculi iseTnairad daicavi Cemi sulic.
RmerTo Cemo! me Seni saxeliT movkvdebi da Seni saxeliT
xelmeored gavcocxldebi. Cven dampurebels, wylis momcems,
yvelanairi saWiroebis momcems, allahs ganvadideb! uamravi
adamiani arsebobs, romelTac saWmeli ar aqvT! RmerTo Cemo!
Seni msaxurTa Sen winaSe Sekrebis dros tanjvisgan damifare!“
rodesac gaiRviZebda ityoda:
`qeba-dideba allahs, romelmac, Cven, sikvdilis Semdeg xelmeored gagvacocxla. aRdgomis dResac masTan davbrundebiT.~
allahis Suamavali dawolis dros ambobda:
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„casa da dedamiweze, yvelafris meufev, Teslisa da marcvalis aRmomcenebelo, TevraTis(Toras), injili(saxarebis)-a
da yuranis gardmomvlinebo RmerTo Cemo! yovelgvari borotebisgan Sen damifare! radganac, misi, kululidan Semomkavebi
Sena xar!
RmerTo Cemo! upirvelesi, Sena xar! Senze uwin araferi yofila! ukvdavi Sena xar! Sen mere araferi aRarar iqneba!
rodesac gaiRviZebda ambobda: „Sens garda sxva RmerTi ar
arsebobs! qeba-dideba Sen da. RmerTo Cemo! codvebis Sewyalebas gTxov.
RmerTo Cemo! codna Semmate! da nu gadaaxvevineb Cems guls,
WeSmaritebis gzidan. mapatie da Seminde! radganac, mwyalobeli Sen xar!
bera bin azimi gadmogvcems: `allahis Suamavalma aseTnairad Semaswavla, „rodesac, dawolas daapireb abdesi aiRe! Semdeg marjvena mxares daweqi da Seevedre: „RmerTo Cemo! suli
Cemi Sen mogabare. saxe, Sensken Semovatriale. saqme, Sen Cagabare. me, tanjvis meSinia, mowyalebas vimedovneb. Seni
mowyalebis garda TavSesafari ar arsebobs, da tanjvisagan
Sengarda sxva gadamrCenic ar arsebobs. me, Sen gardmovlenili wignebi da Seni warmogzavnili Suamavalni viwame!“ da Tu
ZilSi gardaicvlebi muslimad mokvdebi. vinc amas, warmoTqvams da gardaicvleba muslimad mokvdeba!“
sayvareli Suamavali: „Tqvenidan vinme RamiT Tu gaiRviZebs
da adgeba, mere ukan loginSi dabrunebas daapirebs, zewari
samjer daferTxos. radganac mis Semdeg ra moxda, ra movida
da loginze dabinavda veravin gaigebs.
Zilis win marjvena mxares dawves. rodesac, Tavs sareclze dadebT „RmerTo Cemo! Sen, gaqeb da gadideb“ warmoTqvas.
RmerTo Cemo! mxari sawols Seni saxeliT Sevaxe, da Seni
saxeliT wamovdgebi. Tuki Cems suls Caibareb da ukan aRar
570 daabruneb mas Seunde da apatie. Tuki ukan daabruneb RvTis-
n
allahis Suamavlis zogierTi sunneTi
o
mosavnis msgavsad moeqeci!“
rodesac, gaiRviZeb „qeba-dideba allahs, romelmac, suli
Cemi ukan damibruna da neba miboZa rom, is ganvadido“.
Suamavalma mucelze dawolili adamiani dainaxa da brZana:
„swored es aris uzenaesi allahis yvelaze mouwonari wola!“
Serid bin suveidis gadmocemiT: sayvarelma Suamavalma
pirqve daZinebuli adamiani dainaxa, mas fexis wveriT Seexo
da brZana, es uzenaesi allahis yvelaze mouwonari Ziliao.
allahis Suamavali, yovelTvis abdesiani iyo. aravis unaxavs, rom sapirfareSoSi gasvlis Semdeg mas abdesi ar aeRos.
rogor jdeboda allahis Suamavali
hanzala bin hiziemi gadmogvcems: „allahis SuamavalTan
mivedi, davinaxe rom igi fexebSemokecili ijda “.
jabir bin semure ambobs, rom allahis Suamvali, dilis
locvis Semdeg, mzis amosvlamde samlocveloSi fexebSemokecili ijda
allahis Suamavals arasdros sazogadoebis winaSe fexebi ar gauSlia.
Serid bin seveidi gadmogvcems: „samyaros batonma Semomiara saxlSi. am dros, me, aseTnairad, marcxena xelze ukan
dayrdnobili, allahis Suamavalma mkiTxa: „Sen, visac allahis risxva datydaT, maT msgavsad zixar?“
yaile bin mahremi gadmogvcems: „allahis Suamavali fexeb
mokecili da muxlebze mklavebSemoxveuli davinaxe.
allahis Suamavlis Wamis stilic Zalian ubralo iyo.
Suamavali miwaze dajdeboda da saWmels ise miirTmevda.
igi brZanebs: „me, msaxuris msgavsad davjdebi, msaxuris msgavsad mivirTmev. me, mxolod, erT-erTi msaxuri var! Cem sunneT- 571
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ze zurgSemqcevi, Cemi xalxidan ar ariso!“
allahis Suamavali, meqas maRlobSi fexze mdgomi saWmels
miirTmevda. am dros masTan jebrail angelozi mivida da
usayvedura: „muhammed, e.i. Sen, mefeebis msgavsad miirTmev?!“ allahis Suamavali maSinve miwaze dajda da Wama ise
gaagrZela.
erT dRes allahis SuamavalTan jebraelTan erTad erTi
amgelozi angelozi mivida, romelic mas manamde ar enaxa.
am angelozma kacobriobis siamayes uTxra: „ufali Seni,
salams giTvlis da Sen, an Suamaval-mefed anac Suamavalmsaxurad yofnas Soris arCevanis gakeTebis uflebas gaZlevs. aqedan romelic gsurs airCie!~
jebrailma Tavmdabloba gamoiCineo, aniSna, allahis Suamavalma upasuxa Suamavali-mosamsaxure viqnebio. amis Semdeg, allahis Suamavals arasodes dayrdnobiT an dajdomiT
saWmeli aRar miuTmevia.
Suamavalis saWmlis mirTmeva da wylis daleva
ebu juhaife gadmogvcems: `sayvarelma Suamavalma brZana:
„me, raimeze dayrdnobiT saWmels ar mivirTmevo.“ raimeze
dayrdnoba, samgvaria. erT romelime mxareze dayrdnoba,
fexebSemokecili jdoma, erT xelze dayrdnoba da meore xeliT Wama.
ai es mesame dayrdnobis forma dagmobilia.
allahis Suamavali saWmels sami TiTiT miirTmevda.
Suamavali brZanebs rom:
„saWmlis baraqa: saWmlis dawyebis win ganbanvasa da saWmlis
damTavrebis Semdeg ganbanvaSi , e.i. xelebis dabanaSio!“
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„mas, vinc xelze wasmul xorcis da qonis suniT , an WurWelis darecxvamde daiZinebs, Tavs rom rame ubedureba daaty-
allahis Suamavlis zogierTi sunneTi
o
des, sakuTar Tavs daabralos!“
allahis Suamavals garras saxelobis saTavso hqonda.
sauzmeze es saTavso, TirediT savse, SuaSi daideboda. (Tiridi, wvrilad daWrili puriT da blomi xorciT gakeTebuli saWmelia).
muslimnebi, rodesac Tiridis saTavsosTan Seikrebeboden, allahis Suamavali Caimuxleboda da ise dajdeboda,
amis damnaxavma soflelma Tavi ver Seikava da wamoiZaxa, es
ra formis jdomaao~ .
Suamavalma upasuxa: „WeSmaritad, allahma, me didsulovneba miboZa, tiraniisagan da sijiutisgan damifarao! saWmlis
mirTmeva napiridan daiwyeT! Suadan saWmeli ar aiRoT
saWmelSi baraqa SuaSia! Tqvenidan arxerTma saWmlis mirTmevis dros, TefSis Suadan ar Wamos. saWmeli TefSis kidedan
aiRos. vinaidan, baraqa, Suadan gadmoedineba!“
omer bin ebi seleme gadmogvcems: `me, allahis Suamavlis
eTikur normebze aRzrdili bavSvi viyavi.
rodesac Wamis dros, xels saWmlis WurWelSi Cavyavi,.
sayvarelma Suamavalma miTxra: „o biWuni! allahis saxeli
warmoTqvi. marjvena xeliT miirTvi! winidan Wame!“
amis Semdgom, yovelTvis aseTnairad vWamdi.
wminda Suamavalma brZana: „mosamsaxure saWmels rom, mogimzadebT, gamomdinare iqidan, rom man aitana sicxe da kvamli, TqvenTan erTad dasviT da aWameT.~
sayvarel Suamavals, arcerTi saWmeli cudaT ar miuRia.
Tu Wama undoda, miirTmevda, xolo Tu ar Sioda ar SeWamda da xmas ar amoiRebda.
mcireoden saWmelsac ar daiwunebda da xels ar hkravda.
aranairi saWmels, mowonebis niSnad ar Seaqebda da Tuki ar
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moewoneboda xels ar hkravda.
rodesac saWmels moitandnen, syvareli Suamavali ityoda:
„allahummebariq lena fima rezeyTena veyina Rezabennar.
bismillah!“ da Wamas mxolod amis Semdeg iwyebda.
qalbatoni aiSa gvamcnobs: `allahis Suamavali ambobda:
`rodesac Wamis dawyebas daapirebT, `bismillah!~ warmoTqviT, allahis saxeli axseneT.
umeie bin mahSi gadmogvcems rom, erTi adamiani bismillis
warmoTqmis gareSe saWmels miirTmevda, allahis Suamavali
gverdiT daujda da uyurebda.
rodesac am kacs erTi darCa SesaWmeli, gaaxsenda da `bismillah!“ warmoTqva.
allahis Suamavalma, gaicina da brZana: „eSmaki, masTan erTad saWmels miirTmevda. adamianma, rodesac allahis saxeli
warmoTqva, eSmakma mucelSi araferi daitova da amoanTxia!“
allahis Suamavali abdessa da ganbanvas, fexsacmelis Cacmasa da Tmis davarcxnas mudam marjvena mxridan iwyebda,
yvelafers marjvena xeliT iRebda da gascemda da yvela saqmes marjvena xeliT iwyebda.
`fexsacmlis Cacma marjvena fexiT daiwyeT, gaxda ki _ marcxenaTi~
abdulla bin omeris gadmocemis Tanaxmad, sayvareli Suamavali ambobda: „TiToeulma TqvenTaganma Wamis dros, marjvena xeliT miirTvas. da Tu raRacas dalevs, aseve marjvena
xeliT dalios! radganac, eSmaki, marcxena xeliT miirTmevs da
marcxena xeliT svams!“
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seleme bin evyani, mamimisis sityvebs gadmogvcems: `sayvarelma Suamavalma dainaxa, rom eSjaRis tomidan busr bin
riauli, marcxena xeliT saWmels miirTmevda da mas marjvena
allahis Suamavlis zogierTi sunneTi
o
xeliT Wama urCia.
man ki, ar SemiZlia marjvena xeliT mivirTvao, icrua.
sayvarelma Suamavalma aRniSna: „amas, marjvena xeliT saWmlis mirTmevaSi mxolod,siamaye da yoyoCoba uSlis xelso!“
amis Semdeg is adamiani marcxena xels veRar iyenebda.
sayvarelma Suamavalma brZana: „uzenaesi allahi im adamiansgan, romelic raimes miirTmevs an dalevs da Semdeg am yvelafris gamo mas madlobas, allahi kmayofili darCeba!“
ebu saRd hudri gadmogvcems rom, allahis Suamavali,
saWmlis mirTmevisa da raRacis dalevis Semdeg aseTnairad
Seevedreboda:
„elhamdu lillahillezi etRamena ve seyana ve jeRelena
minel muslimin _ dideba allahs, vinc saWmeli da sasmeli
gviboZa da muslim sazogadoebad gvqmna.“
ebu umameTullahis gadmocemiT: sayvareli Suamavali,
saWmlis mirTmevisa da sufris alagebis Semdeg aseT vedrebas aRavlenda:
„elhammdu lillahillezi yefana ve arvana gayre meqfiin
vela meqfurin = qeba-dideba allahs, romelmac dagvapura,
dagvarwyula da gangvwminda yvela umadurebisa da codvisagan.“
ebu hureiras gadmocemiT Suamavali saWmlis mirTmevis
Semdeg xelebs daibanda.
Suamavali dedamiwasa da miwiers mniSvnelobas ar aniWebda.
abdulla ibni meRudi mogviTxrobs: `allahis Suamavali
Wilofze dawoliliyo da daZineboda. mas Wilofis ferdze
kvali daemCnia.
rodesac gamoeRviZa, ferdi davuzile da vuTxari:
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„allahis Suamavalo, Cemi Tavi genacvalos! neta CvenTvis
Segetyobinebina, Cvenc Wilofze rames gadavafarebdiT da
ise daiZinebdiT.~
erTxel vkiTxeT: „SenTvis fafuki logini SeviZinoT?“
allahis Suamavalma gvipasuxa: „me rad mWirdeba miwieri
sitkboebani? Cemi amqveqniuri mdgomareoba xis Crdilis qveS
cotaxniT, dasasveneblad wamowolili mxedris mdgomareobas
Camohgavs, romelmac cota xnis Semdeg es Crdili unda datovos da gza gaagrZelos!“.
ebu umameTulbahilis gadmocemis mixedviT: `sayvarelma
Suamavlma brZana: „uzenasma ufalma, meqas dablobis oqrod
gadaqceva SemomTavaza. me vupasuxe:
„ara, ar minda! RmerTo Cemo! me, erT dRes mSieri, meore dRes
maZRari viqnebi. rodesac mSieri davrCebi Sen Segevedrebi da
roca maZRari viqnebi madlobas Saen gadagixdi.~
marTlmorwmuneTa deda, aiSe gadmogvcems: `allahis Suamavlis medinaSi Camosvlidan gardacvalebamde mis ojaxis
wevrebi, zedized sami dRe-Rame xorblis puriT kargad arasdros danayrebulan.~
allahis Suamavlis ojaxis wevrebis saWmeli, umetes wilad, qeris puri da xurma iyo.
allahis Suamavals gardacvalebamde, Tavisi jaWvis perangi, ojaxis wevrebis sursaTisaTvis ebrael ebu SahmasTan
hqonda dagiravebuli.
n
576
muslimTa deda aiSe gadmogvcems: „sayvareli Suamavlis
WeSmariti religiiTa da wigniT warmomgzavn, allahs vficav
rom: uzenaesi allahis mier Suamavlad wargzavnis dRidan
imave allahze sulis mibarebamde, mas (muhammed Suamavals),
ra sacersi gacrili rada gaucreli puri miurTmevia!“ „maSin
qers rogor miirTmevdiT?“ rodesac SeekiTxnen (aiSes) gamomcxvar qeris puris qatos SeuberavdiT da ise mivirT-
allahis Suamavlis zogierTi sunneTi
o
mevdiTo!
allahis Suamavalis gardacvalebamde arc is da arc mis
ojaxis wevrebi ori Rame zedized qeris puriT ar danayrebulan!
RmerTs geficebi, xandaxan ormoc dRe ise gavidoda, rom
allahis Suamavlis saxlSi arc cecxli dainTeboda da arc
sinaTle ainTeboda!
Tveebi gavidoda da allahis Suamavalis saxlis sakvamuridan kvamli ar amovidoda.
ori Tve ise gavidoda, rom sayvareli Suamavlis ojaxisTvis arc puri gamicxveboda da arc saWmeli gakeTdeboda!
sayvareli Suamavali ori saxis saWmliT arasdros danayrebula, mas erTdroulad xurma da puri arasodes miurTmevia! swored es aris Cemi gulis amaCuyebeli!“
enes bin maliqi mogviTxrobs: `ar minaxavs, rom allahis
Suamavals imier soflad wabrZanebamde, magidaze saWmeli
mierTva, xorblis puridan gakeTebuli Rvezeli an kravis
xorcidan damzadebuli mwvadi eWama!“
ebu hureira gadmocemis mixedviT allahis Suamavali ase
evedreboda: „RmerTo Cemo! Cemi ojaxis wevrebs imdeni sarCo
uboZe, mxolod Tavi gaitanon da SimSilisgan ar daixocon!
muhammedis ojaxis wevrebis sarCo, hqmeni imdeni, raTa SimSilisgan ar daixocon.“
allahis Suamavali, saWmels sufraze miirTmevda. sufra,
mgzavrisaTvis gamzadebuli, sagzlis Casadebi tyavisgan iyo
damzadebuli.
allahis Suamavali arasdros ityoda an es saWmeli gaakeTeT an iso. rac iyo imas miirTmevda. aiSe mogviTxrobs:
`allahis Suamavali, CemTan movidoda da mkiTxavda, saWmeli
Tu aris, rom mivirTvao? rodesac vetyodi, ar aris _ meTqi,
metyoda, marxuli varo.
577
n
o
sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
allahis Suamavali, erT dRes, CvenTan movida. mas vuTxari: „allahis Suamavalo! Cven, saCuqari mogvarTves.“ „ra saCuqaria?“ _ SemekiTxa. „haisia“ _ mivuge me. „magram me marxuli var.“ _ miTxra man (haisi; hurmis, erbosa da gamoxdili
yvelisgan damzadebuli saWmelia).
allahis Suamavals; halvisa da Taflis puris, hurmisa da
bostneulis wvniani uyvarda. rodesac allahis Suamavals
rZes miarTmevdnen, rZeSi ori baraqa ariso. brZanebda.
abdullah ibni abbasi gadmogvcems: `me da halid ibni velidi, allahis SuamavalTan erTad deidaCemTan, meimune binTi harisTan saxlSi mivediT. ummu hufeidma allahis elCs
erbo da rZe miarTva.
deidam hkiTxa, naCuqar rZes Tu dalevTo, allahis Suamavalma, SeiZlebao upasuxa. maSin diasaxlisi wavida da WiqiT
rZe moutana.
allahis Suamavalma, aiRo da am Wiqidan dalia. me, allahis Suamavlis marjvena mxares vijeqi, xolo halid ibni
velidi marcxena mxares. allahis Suamavalma, rZidan morCenili me momawoda da miTxra: „dalie! Tu isurveb halidsac
SesTavaze!“
„Seni monarCens, verasdros veravis gavuziareb,~ _ vuTxari me.
Semdeg allahis Suamavalma brZana: „uzenaesi allahis mier
boZebuli saWmliT gammaspinZlebelma „allahumme bariq lena
fihi ve et’Remna xeiren minhu, RmerTo Cemo! CvenTvis Sen, am
saWmelSi baraqa gviwyalobe! Cven, masze ukeTesic gviboZe!
uzenaesi allahis mier boZebuli rZiT gammaspinZlebelmac
Tqvas:„allahumme bariq lena fihi ve zidna minhu, (RmerTo
Cemo! rZeSi baraqa gviwyalobe da misidan wyaloba gagviormage-o.)“ radganac, saWmel-sasmelSi rZis adgils veraferi
daikavebs.~
n
578
allahis Suamavlis zogierTi sunneTi
o
medineli muslimebi naadrev hurmas Suamavals miutandnen; allahis Suamavali motanils xelSi aiRebda da baraqis
vedrebis gakeTebis Semdeg, yvelaze patara bavSvs dauZaxebda, mas miscemda da ityoda:. „romel saxlSic xurma ar
inaxeba, im ojaxis wevrebi mSivrebi arian.“
enes bin maliqis gadmocemis mixedviT, allahis Suamavals
gogris saWmeli uyvarda. rodesav gogrisgan damzadebul
saWmels moitandnen, gogras Suamavlis mxares miwevdnen. allahis Suamavali ityoda, cxvris xorcSi yvelaze gemrieli
zurgi naWeriao.
ummu eiubam allahis Suamavlis saxlSi Svidi Tve dahyo.
mas SeekiTxnen, Tu ra iyo Suamavalis yvelaze sayvareli saWmeli.
`ar minaxia mas TavisTvis raRaca saWmlis gakeTeba ebrZanebinos, an raime saWmelze uari eTqvaso.~ _ upasuxa ummu
eiubam.
allahis Suamavals WurWlis fskerze darCenili saWmeli uyvarda, is ambobda:. „vinc Tqvenidan WurWelSi morCenil
saWmels mofxeks, misTvis codvebis mitevebas Seevedrebian!~
brZanebda.
allahis Suamavali, mwvane xurmasTan erTad nesvsa da
kitrsac miirTmevda da ambobda: „amis sicxes, imis siciviT,
xolo imis sicives ki, amis sicxiT gavaneitraleb!“
erTxel allahis Suamavalma Tanamimdevars uTxra: „ebu
zer, rodesac xorcs xarSav, mas wyali blomad daasxi, raTa mezoblebic gaiTvaliswino da matac gaunawilo!~
„Tu misi mezobeli mSieria, xolo Tavad maZRari , aseTi
adamiani srulyofili morwmune ar aris!~
„allahs Tayvani eciT! aWameT sxvas! salami gaavrceleT, rom
samoTxeSi moxvdeT!“
„erTi kacis saWmeli or kacs daanayrebs, sami kacis saWmeli 579
n
o
sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
oTx kacs daanayrebs. oTxi kacis, saWmeli rva kacs daapurebso!“
ebu beqiris qaliSvili esma gadmogvcems, rom allahis Suamavali saWmlis aduRebasa da Semdeg ganelebamde mis Tavdaxurul mdgomareobaSi datovebas gvirCevda. is brZanebda,
ase ufro didi baraqa aqvso.
allahis Suamavali, meqas aRebis Semdeg Tavisi biZis ebu
Talibis qaliSvil, ummu hanis saxlSi mivida da hkiTxa, saWmeli hqonda Tu ara. ummuhanimma miugo: „ara, mxolod puris
natexebi da Zmari maqvs, romlis SenTvis mirTmeva mrcxvenia.~
allahis Suamavalma urCia: `isini, moitane. wyalSi Caalbe.
marilic wamoiRe!“ motanils zemodan Zmari daasxa, Semdeg ki
miirTva da uzenaes allahs madloba gadauxada.
allahis Suamavalma aRniSna: „ummuhan, Zmari, ra mSvenieri
sakmazia! saxli sadac Zmari aqvT, sanelebelidan uflebaayrilad ar CaiTvlebao!“
yvelaze gemrieli sasmeli romeliao, rodesac allahis
Suamavals, SeekiTxnen man miugo, mtknari da gamagrilebeli
wyalio.
allahis Suamavali, buiuTusuyaiadan motanil mtknar wyals svamda buiTusuyaia medinedan ori dRis savali gziT
iyo daSorebuli.
allahis Suamavali ambobda: „yvelaferi marjvena xeliT
miirTviT da dalieT. vinaidan eSmaki marcxena xeliT miirTmevs da svams!“
rodesac dalevT raRacas, WurWelSi ar CaberoTo, brZanebda. saWmels da sasmelSi Cabervis msgavsad, mas oqrosa da
vercxlis WurWliT Wama-smac aukrZalia.
allahis Suamavali, smis dros, erT Wiqa wyals ori an sami
mosvenebiT dalevda da es, ufro sasargeblo da gulis ma580 jerebeliao, ityoda.
n
allahis Suamavlis zogierTi sunneTi
o
„wyali erTi ylupiT ar dalioT.~ _ gvirCevda is.
„aqlemebis msgavsad, wyals Seusveneblad nu svamT! ori an
sami ylupiT dalieT! dalevis win „bismillah! (allahis saxeliT vsvam)“ da wylis smas rom daamTavrebs „elhamdulillah!
(qeba-dideba da madloba allahs)“ _ TqviT!“ _ brZanebda allahis Suamavali.
nevfel bin muavie mogviTxrobs „allahis elCi raimes dalevis dros samjer Seisvenebda. pirvelad uzenaesi allahis
saxels moixsenebda, `bismillas~ warmoTqvamda, bolos ki,
`elhamdulillas~ ityoda da madlobas gadauxdida uzenaes
allahs.“
qalbatoni aiSes gadmocemiT, Wamis win da damTavrebis
Semdeg xelebis dabana marjvena xeliT Wama da sma allahis
Suamavlis wesi iyo. saWmlis win xelebis dabanas axalgazrdebi, xolo saWmlis damTavrebis Semdeg moxucebi iwyebdnen.
TefSis kididan da damjdari Wama allahis Suamavalis sunneTia. mas aukrZalavs Zalian cxeli saWmlis Wama da saWmlis
daynosva. Wamis dros saerTod ardalaparakebas allahis
Suamavali mizanSewonilad ar miiCnevda, vinaidan es cecxlTayvanismcemlebis wes-Cveuleba iyo. xalisiani saubari daSvebulia. mariliT saWmlis dawyeba da dasruleba allahis
Suamavalis sunneTi da Svebaa.
Wama-smis wesisi Sesaxeb codnis SeZena, RvTismsaxurebis
aRsavlenad saWiro codnis SeZenaze ufro win dgas. islamamadeli erT-erTi cudi Cveva ki gaZRomamde Wamaa. yoveldRe
xorcis mirTmeviT guls zians miayenebT. angelozebs es ar
uyvars. cota xorcis Wamac eTikas mogiSliT. magidis iatakze gaSla ufro ukeTesia. bostneuliani saWmeli ufro
upriania. sufra bostneulis gareSe xepre moxuczea Sedarebuli.
imami jaRferi sadiyi gadmogvcems, Suamavlis naTqvams:
„uamravi qonebisa da mravali Svilis yolis msurvelma bost-
n
581
o
sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
neuli miirTvas, jer magidas unda Semousxde da Semdeg daalago masze saWmeli.~
moSiebamde ar unda Wamo, bevri ar unda miirTva, sanam
danayrdebi sufridan ar unda adge, Tuki sasacilo araferi iqneba, ar unda gaicino. sayvarelma Suamavalma brZana,
„SimSiloba sikeTis sawyisia. xolo maZRroba, siavis.~ gemovneba imdenad sasiamovno xdeba ramdenadac SimSili matulobs.
maZRroba ki, gulmaviwyobas iwvevs. guls abrmavebs, alkuholuri sasmelebis msgavsad, sisxls abinZurebs. SimSiloba,
Wkuas asufTavebs, guls abrwyinebs.
cud adamianebTan erTad ar unda miirTva. aduRebuli
saWmeli, Tavdaxuruli unda gacivdes. sayvareli Suamavali brZanebda: „marjvena xeliT miirTviT. marjvena xeliT dalieT“. igi purs marjvena xeliT aiRebda, Semdeg sazamTros
marcxena xeliT miirTmevda. purs orive xeliT moitexavda
xolme.
lukma patara unda iyos da kargaT daiReWos. Wamis dros
marjvniv, marcxnivan zemoT ar unda vuyuroT. piri Zalian
ar unda davaRoT. Wamis dros xeli Tavze ar unda movisvaT.
daxvelebisa da daceminebis dros xeli unda mivifaroT da
gverdiT SevtrialdeT.
daupatiJeblad magidas ar unda mivujdeT. rodesac davnayrdebiT, uzenaess unda SevevedroT, raTa mirTmeuli
saWmliT codva ar CavidinoT. unda gaviazroT rom gankiTxvis dRes yvelaferi mogvekiTxeba. saWmliT mocemuli ZaliT
unda ganvizraxoT RvTismsaxureba. Tuki mSieri varT, auCqareblad unda mivirTvaT. saWmlis Wama jer ufrosebma unda
daiwyon. adamianebi ar unda SevawuxoT „Wame, Wames“ ZaxiliT.
stumrebis magididan adgomamde, Cven magididan ar unda wamovdgeT
n
582
allahis Suamavali cotas miirTmevda da Wamis dros ramdenjerme Cerdeboda. is ambobda: „adamianis guli, yanis,
allahis Suamavlis zogierTi sunneTi
o
xolo saWmeli ki, wvimis msgavsi. zedmeti wylis mier yanisaTvis zianis miyenebis msgavsad, gadametebuli sakvebi guls daazianebs. uzenaes allahs ar uyvars gadazedmetebulad mWameli da msmeli“.
Suamavali muclis, erT mesameds saWmliT ivsebda, erT mesameds wyliT. erT mesameds ki cariels tovebda. cota Wama
da sma yvelaze ukeTesia. gadaWarbebuli Wama avadmyofobis
saTavea, cota Wama ki janmrTelobis. erT kacis saWmeli,
or kacs eyofa. stumari, maspinZlidan purisa da marilis
mets arafers unda elodos. maspinZelma, rodesac magidas
Semousxdebian, stumars saWmeli da wyali unda miawodos.
xalifa harun reSidi stumars suraTi wyals miawodebda.
Wamis Semdeg kbilebis misvaqiT gawmenda Suamavlis sunneTia, higienaa. higiena ki, rwmenas gaaZlierebs. Wamis Semdeg
maspinZels, madloba unda gadauxado da uzenaes SeTxovo
baraqa gauormagos. Semdeg wasvlaze neba unda iTxovo. saWmelze unda dapatiJo.
Wamis dros SemaZrwunebeli da gulisamrevi saubari ar
unda wamoWra. sikvdilis, avadmyofobis Temas ar unda SeexoT. magidaze dalagebul saWmels ar unda ucqiro. sanam
erT lukmas ar gadaylapav, meore xelSi ar unda aiRo. saWmlis mirTmevis dros, magididan, arafris gamo, Tundac namazis salocavad, unda adge. namazi saWmlis mirTmevamde
unda iloco.
Tuki, gamzadebuli saWmeli gacivdeba an gafuWdeba da dro
iTmens namazis salocavad, maSin saWmeli namazis locvamde
unda miirTva. magididan saWmlis alagebis Semdeg unda adge.
fexze mdgarma an siarulisas saWmeli ar miirTmeva.
pirSi an xelze xorcis suni Tu gaqvs daubanlad daZineba ar SeiZleba. bauSvebsac xelebi unda davbanoT. gamZRari
daZinebac mizanSeuwonelia. sakvebi zomierad unda miviRoT.
saWmlisa da sasmelis WurWeli Tavdaxuruli unda iyos. mdi-
n
583
o
sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
naridan pirqvedamxobili wyali ar daileva.
zafxulSi civi wyali unda dalio. allahis Suamavals
civi wyali uyvarda. zemzemi fexze unda dailios. mgzavrs,
yvelanairi wylis fexze daleva SeuZlia. mSieri wyali ar
daileva. wyali nel-nela sveneb-svenebiT unda dailios.
allahis Suamavals herise (xorcisgan damzadebuli erTgvari saWmeli) Zalian uyvarda, vinaidan am saWmlis momzadeba
jebrailma Seaswavla. herise adamians Rones matebs. yvela
Suamavals qeris puri miurTmevia. ukeTilSobiles muhammeds
gogras tkbileuli da ospis wvniani, gareuli ixvis, kurdRlisa da cxvris xorci uyvarda.
mamri cxovelis xorci, mdedrze, xolo wiTeli xorci
TeTrze ufro advilad mosanelebelia. cxvris xorci da
Zroxis rZe advilad mosanelebelia da Tan sakmaod gemrielia. gareuli cxovelebidan yvelaze gemrieli irmis xorcia.
kurdRlis xorci nebadarTulia. Suamavals kurdRlis xorci miurTmevia. wiwilis xorci yvelaze saukeTesoa. Sinaur
frinvelTagan yvelaze saukeTeso xorci qaTmisaa.
Suamavalma, Zmari yvelaze saukeTeso saWmeliao, brZana.
is yvelaze sasargeblo saWmelia. xurma purTan erTad miirTmeva xilia. yurZnis purTan erTad Wama sunneTia.
gamxmari yurZnis, kaalisa da nuSis Wama sunneTia, Tafli
ki, samkurnaloa. allahis Suamavals Tafli miurTmevia da
baraqis vedreba aRuvlenia.mas hurma Zalian uyvarda. mas
nesvTan da sazamTrosTan erTad miirTmevda. nesvi da sazamTro Tirkmlebs wmends, Tavis tkivils Svelis, Wiis mteria.
mxedvelobas aZlierebs. Suamavals SarbaTi uyvarda. flavis
Wamis dros selavaTi unda vikiTxoT.
n
584
Suamavals cercvis kanTan erTad Wama uyvarda.
yvelTan erTad Wama sasargebloa, amaTi martod
saziano . yurZnis kurka mavnea. allahis Suamavali
mtevans marcxena xelSia aiRebda da marjvena xeliT
kaklis,
Wama ki
yurZnis
yurZens
allahis Suamavlis zogierTi sunneTi
o
miirTmevda. komSi, naRvels kurnavs. nesvSi, sazamTrosa da
broweulSi erTi wveTi samoTxis wyalia. broweuli martod
unda Wamo da Seecado, rom yvela wveTi miirTva. broweuli
gulis ritms awynarebs. leRvic gulisTvis saukeTesoa.
kitris mariliT, kaklisa da xurmis TafliT mirTmeva sunneTia. Suamavalma, patlikjani Seaqo da zeTisxilisgan zeTis gakeTeba brZana. niaxuri, gulmaviwyobas gaaqarwylebs,
RviZls gawmends.
romelime qveyanaSi CamsvlelisTvis pirvelad xaxvis mirTmeva jamrTelobisTvis kargia. xaxvi, gamoimuSavebs imunitets
mikrobebis winaaRmdeg. xaxvis Wamis Semdeg Tuki niaxurs mivirTmevT, xaxvis suni gaqreba. sadafis mirTmeviTac SesaZlebelia xaxvis sunis ganeitraleba. Suamavlis bolo saWmeli xaxvi iyo. „xaxvi da niori moxarSuli miirTviT!“ - brZana
Suamavalma. amaTi sunisgan angelozebi Sewuxdebian.
Suamavalis saxlSi da saxlis gareT mdgomareobebi
huseini mogviTxrobs: `Suamavlis saxlSi arsebuli mdgomareoba mamaCems SevekiTxe. mamam Semdegnairad momiyva:
`allahis Suamavali saxlSi SesvlisTanave dros sam nawilad yofda: RvTismsaxurebis, ojaxis wevrebisa da piradi
saqmisaTvis.
piradi saqmisaTvis gamoyofil dros, xalxs unawilebda. am
dros, masTan mxolod gamorCeul sahabeebs SeeZloT Sesvla.
sazogadoebas religiur dogmebs aswavlida, ras religias
Seexeboda, imas arasdros gadadebda da xalxs maSinve acnobebda.
Suamavali, morwmuneebs maTTvis gamoyofili dros, kategoriis da rwmenis xarisxis mixedviT uTmobda.
allahis Suamavali, morwmuneeis religiuri saqmiT iyo
dakavebuli, SekiTxvebs saWiroebisamebr pasuxobda, Semdeg
n
585
o
sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
ki ambobda: „yvelaferi es aq myofebma, armyofebs gadascen!
vinc CemTan ver modis da Tavis survils ver meubneba, misi sityvebi Tqven gadmomeciT. ueWvelad, mas, vinc sxvis survilebs
gadmomcems, uzenaesi allahi aRdgomis dRes siratis xidze
mtkiced gaatarebs~.
alahis SuamavalTan morwmuneni religiis ukeT Sesaswavlad midiodnen da misgan codniT gamdidrebulni brundebodnen.
huseinma mamamiss hkiTxa, Tu ras aketebda allahis Suamavali, saxlidan gasvlis Semdeg. mamam upasuxa:
sayvareli Suamavali, gareT ar laparakobda. igi mxolod,
iwyebda saubars Tu msjelobis Tema
muslimTaTTvis sasargeblo maTi erTameTTan dasaaxlovebeli da mosarigebli
iyo.
yvela gvaris meTaurs sagangebo pativs dadebda. yvelas
gaRimebuli saxiT Sexvdeboda.
Tuki, ashabidan romelimes ver dainaxavda, moiZiebda da
mis mdgomareobas ikiTxavda. is morwmuneebs zomierad Seagonebda.
allahis Suamavali, arc sxvis uflebebs Selaxavda da arc
saqmis sisruleSi moyvanas daaklebda rames. misi megobrebi,
adamianTagan yvelaze saukeTesoni iyvnen.
misTvis saukeTesoni xelmokle xalxis damxmare sahabeebi
iyvnen. allahis Suamavali, allahis saxelis mouxsnieblad
arc fexze wamodgeboda da arc dajdeboda.
sazogadoebaSi TavisTvis adgils arasdros gamoarCevda da
aseTnair qmedebas sxvisganac krZalavda. sadac unda yofiliyo da romel yrilobasac Seswreboda, yovelTvis boloSi
dajdeboda da aseTnairad moqcevas muslimebsac ubrZanebda.
n
586
masTan erTad mjdoms iseT yuradRebas miaqcevda, rom mis
allahis Suamavlis zogierTi sunneTi
o
gverdiT yvela saukeTesod grZnobda Tavs da TiToeuli Tvlida, rom yvelaze saukeTeso SuamavalisTvis TviTon iyo..
Tuki misgan vinme rames iTxovda, mas uars ar etyoda, miscemda an tkbilad da rbilad etyoda da gaistumrebda. misi
mSvenieri zneoba, mTel sazogadoebas moicavda.
igi maTTvis gulisxmieri mama iyo. samarTlis mxriv, misTvis yvela erTi da igive iyo. Suamavlis mejlisi, codnis,
moTminebisa da amanaTis sakrebulo iyo.
mejlisSi xmas veravin aimaRlebda, arc aravis daadanaSaulebdnen, da arc, raime Cadenili nakli an Secdoma gaiTqmeboda. Suamavlis mejlisSi myofni yvela Tanaswori iyo da
Tanaswori uflebebiT sargeblobda. erTmaneTis mimarT aravis raime zedmeti ufleba ar gaaCnda. yvela sahabe Tavdabali iyo.
ufrosebs afasebdnen, patarebs ki lmobierad eqceodnen.
gasaWirSi myofs daexmarebodnen, ucxos ki daicavdnen.
allahis Suamavali yovelTvis momRimari, lmobieri,
Sembralebeli da damndobi iyo. mas sulac ar hqonda rkinis
guli.
aravis arc daemdureboda da arc waekinklaveboda. aravis
daibarebda da galanZRavda da aravis gakicxavda. rac ar
moewoneboda Tvals aaridebda. arasodes uimedo ar yofila,
arasdros ukmayofilebas ar gamoavlenda.
allahis Suamavali sami raRacisgan Sors idga.
aravis ar waekinklaveboda.
bevrs laparakisa da arafris momtani saqmisagan.
adamianebsac, Tavis mdgomareobaSi datovebda:
aravis arc piradapir da arc iribad arc gakicxavda da
arc sayvedurs gamoucxadebda.
aravis nakls ar gamoikvlevda.
n
587
o
sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
aravis Sesaxeb, sasargeblo an gamoudegar sityvas ar etyoda.
rodesac allahis Suamavali laparakobda, masTan myofni
ise gaunZrevlad ijdnen, viTomcda Tavze Citi ajdaT da
rom gavinZreT gafrindebao. rodesac laparaks daasrulebda, kiTxvebs usvamdnen, magram misi TandaswrebiT arasodes
kamaTobdnen.
Suamavlis winaSe Tu erTi laparakobda danarCenebi usmendnen. Suamavlis winaSe pirveli sityva vda bolo sityva
ganusxvavebeli iyo.
mejlisSi myofni Tuki raimeze gaicinebdnen, isic maT
ahyveboda. Tuki raimeze gaocdebodnen, Suamavalic maTTan
erTad gamoxatavda gaocebas.
allahis SuamavlTan mosuli ucxo xalxis eTikis CarCoebidan gasul saubars ki sahabeebi iTmendnen. iTmendnen.
allahis Suamavalma brZana: „gasaWirSi myofs sarCos
mosapoveblad daxmareba gauwieT!~
uadgilo Seqeba allahis SuamavlisTvis miuRebeli iyo.
saubars manamde ar Seawyvetinebda, sanam laparakSi vinme
adamianis uflebas Selaxavda. rodesac amis momswre gaxdeboda an am umsgavsoebas aRkveTda, an kidev mejliss datovebda da wavidoda.
allahis Suamavali uaryofiT pasuxs arasdros aZlevda.
Tuki misaRebi iyo, SeiZlebao, aseT pasuxs gascemda da Tu
miuRebeli iyo, maSin ki gaCumdeboda da Tavis pozicias ase
afiqsirebda.
erT-erT omSi urwmunoTa gasanadgureblad morwmuneebma,
misgan locvis aRvlena iTxoves, man ki Semdegnairad upasuxa, „me, wyevla _ krulvisTvis ar var movlenili. me, bednierebisa da mSvidobis momtani Suamavali var.~
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sura `enbias~ 107-e aiaTSi nabrZanebia „Sen, samyaroSi mowy-
allahis Suamavlis zogierTi sunneTi
o
alebad, sikeTis sakeTeblad mogavlineT“.
hind bin ebi hale allahis Suamavalis siaruls Semdegnaira aRwerda:
`allahis Suamavali, rodesac dadioda, fexebs mxned awevda da farTo nabijebs dgamda, viTomcda zemodan Camodioda win waixreboda da wynarad dadioda.
Tuki sadme gaxedvas gadawyetda im mxares mTlianad Setrialdeboda. aqeT-iqeT tyuil _ ubralod ar gaixedavda.
miwas ufro mets xans ucqerda, vidre zecas.~
is sahabeebs yovelTvis ukan dayveboda.
Tuki vinmes Sexvdeboda, pirvelad TviTon miesalmeboda.
ebu hureira gadmogvcems:
`siarulis dros Suamavalze Cqari aravin minaxavs. rodesac
dadioda TiTqosda dedamiwa mis fexqveS gaCerebuli iyo!
enes bin maliqis gadmogvcems: `rodesac allahis Suamavali vinmes gadaawydeboda, xels CamoarTvamda da sanam is
adamiani xels ukan waiRebda Suamavals is manamde eWira da
sanam is saxes miabrunebda, manamde Suamavali mas zurgs ar
Seaqcevda.
enes bin maliqi gadmogvcems: rodesac Suamavals SeekiTxa,
„ei allahis Suamavalo! erTi-meorisken TavebiT davixaroTo?“ pasuxi ki, ara! da rodesac meore SekiTxva dausva erTimeores gadavexvioT Tu arao, arao miugo Suamavalma magram
erTi-meores xeli CamoarTviTo!“ ubrZana.
bera bin azizes gadmocemis mixedviT: „rodesac ori muslimi erTmaneTs Sexvdebian, erTurTs miesalmebian da xels
CamoarTvamen.~
samyaros batoni mudmivad Cafiqrebuli iyo. is cotas laparakobda da umetes- wilad dumda. allahis Suamavaliusargeblo Temebze ar laparakobda. laparaks allahis saxelis
n
589
o
sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
xsenebiT iwyebda da amTavrebda.
is, mokled da konkretulad laparakobda. Suamavalis mier
warmoTqmuli sityvebi realuri iyo. is laparakis dros arc
Zalian cota da arc Zalian bevr sityva warmoTqvamda.
gulis satken sityvas aravis etyoda da zemodan aravis
daxedavda... mcireoden sikeTesac pativiscemiT Sexedavda,
da mcired sikeTesac ar daZraxavda. Tuki raime ar moewoneboda, arc daZraxavda da arc Seaqebda.
allahis Suamavali raime miwierisaTvis arasodes gabrazdeboda, garda visime uflebbeis SebRalvisa.
Tavisi uflebebis xelyofisaTvis arc aravis gaubrazdeboda da arc Surs iZiebda. allahis Suamavali arasdros TiTiT ar aCvenebda mudam xeliT mianiSnebda. gaocebisa da gakvirvebis dros, xels mopirdapire mxares Seabrunebda, Tuki
xelis guli zecisken iyo Setrialebuli dedamiwisken Caatrialebda an piriqiT. laparakis dros xelebs amoZravebda.
marjvena xelisgulze marcxena xelis cera TiTs laparakis
dros mudam urtyamda.
Tuki raime gauxardeboda Tvalebs daxuWavda. is xmamaRla
arasodes icinoda, mxolod iRimeboda. sicilis dros kbilebi margalitis TvlebiviT gamouCdeboda.
ebu seRid el-hudri gadmogvcems: `Suamavali cxovelebs
balaxs miarTmevda. aqlems daabamda, saxls dagvida. cxvars
mowvelida, fexsacmels Sekeravda, tansacmels garecxavda.
mosamsaxuresTan erTad saWmels miirTmevda. bazarSi savaWrod gavidoda da SeZenili, xeliT mohqonda. roca Raribs,
mdidars, didsa Tu pataras Sexvdebodaupirvelesad miesalmeboda, Semdeg ki xels gauwvdida.
erTnairad eqceoda monas, batons, TeTrkaniansa da Savkanians. visganac unda yofiliyo mopatiJeba aucileblad
ewvevoda. da maspinZelis morTmeuls arasodes daiwunebda.
590 kargi zneobis patrons, sikeTis gakeTeba uyvarda, yvela-
n
allahis Suamavlis zogierTi sunneTi
o
sTan karg urTierTobas amyarebda. mudam momRimari, saamo
mosaubre iyo.
mwuxareba emCneoda, magram, warbSexrili aravis unaxavs.
Tavmdabali iyo. didebuli iyo pativsa da SiSs Seajerebda. magram, uxeSi ar iyo. keTil, naz, xelgaSlil adamianTa
ricxvs miekuTvneboda. magram ganiaveba ar uyvarda, amaod
arafers gascemda. yvela ecodeboda. aravisgan arafers moeloda. visac bedniereba da mSvidoba unda Suamavlis msgavsad unda moiqces.
yvela muslimma Suamavlis es qcevebi magaliTad unda aiRos. uzenaesi allahis mxridan dedamiwaze movlenil eTikis normebis gaTaviseba, yvela muslimis upirvelesi movaleobaa, radganac allahis Suamavali brZanebs: „uzenaesi
allahis zneobiT SeimoseT!“
magaliTad, uzenaesi allahis epiTetebidan erT-erTi
„seTTaria“ e.i. codvebisgan damfaravi. muslimmac misi religiuri Zmis nakli unda dafaros. uzenaesi allahi morwmunis codvebis momtevebelia. muslimebmac erTi meores
danaSaulebi unda apation. vinaidan uzenaesi allahis madli
da sikeTe uxvia. amitomac muslimi xelgaSlili da Semwynarebeli unda iyos. swored es aris lamazi zneoba.
allahis Suamavalis kargi zneobis magaliTebi uamravia da
yvela muslimani valdebulia isini Seiswavlos da cxovrebaSi gaataros. es ki amieri da imieri varamisa da problemebisgan gadarCenisa da ori samyaros batonis Suamdgomlobis
mopovebis Rirsi gaxdeba.
Suamavlis tansacmeli
allahis Suamavals hibere saxeliswodebis samosi ebada.
hibere iemenSi bambisgan da selisgan damzadebuli erTgvari
zoliani qsovili iyo. Suamavals am tansacmlis Cacma Zalian
uyvarda. amis garda Suamavals ori izari ebada. izari wels
n
591
o
sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
qvemoT mosaxvevi winsafaria. Suamavlis winsafrebi Salisgan iyo moqsovili aqlemis kexs mogvagonebda.
ebu zerri gadmogvcems: „rodesac wminda aiSa movinaxuleT, man muleblebis saxelis samosi, romelic ukve daqeCili iyo da winsafari Semoitana da daifica, rom Suamavals
gardaicvalebamda eseni ecvao!“
Suamavali zamTris civ RameSi Salisgan damzadebul samoss icvamda.
allahis Suamavali acnobebda, muslim mamakacebs win safaris e.i. Sarvli wvivebis Suamde, koWebamde ar unda Cavideso
vinaidan ar moinaxeboda qsovili.
romeli mamakacic Tavisi ampartavnobis gamo iseT Sarvals Caicvams, romlis boloebic miwas exeba, mas aRdgomis
dRes, uzenaesi allahi mowyalebiT ar Sexedavs, jabir bin
suleime gadmogvcems: „Sarvali, kanWis naxevramde unda Cadiodes! Tuki ase ar gaakeTeb, koWebamde SeiZleba! magram miwas
rom exebodes, ise grZeli ar Caicva. radganac es ampartavnobis niSania. alahs ki, aseTebi ar uyvars!~
amitomac abdullah bin omeri iseT Sarvals atarebda,
romlis boloebi wvivebis Suamde aRwevda, zemodan perangs
Caicvamda da masze Sals moicvamda.
rodesac allahis Suamavali romelime delegacias xvdeboda, perangze zemodan mosacvami Salis sigrZe _ oTxi,
xolo sigane _ ori arSini iyo, erTi arSinis Rirebuleba
erTi dinari, feri ki mwvane iyo.
Suamavalis es rida (zemodan mosacvami Sali) xalifatSi
inaxeboda da xalifebi dResaswaulebze icvamdnen xolme.
n
592
Suamavals suharidan Camotanili ori samosi da perangi
hqonda. suhari, omanis erT-erTi raionia. Suamavlis yvelaze sayvareli yamiSis perangi bambisgan iyo damzadebuli.
Suamavlis perangebis sigrZe majamde iyo. eTiopiis mefe ne-
allahis Suamavlis zogierTi sunneTi
o
jaSis mier gamogzavnil saCuqrebSi perangic eria.
Suamavals iemenidSi erTi wveri bambisgan moqsovili perangi „suhuli“ hqonda.
allahis Suamavals TeTri tansacmeli hqonda, igi brZanebs: „TeTri tansacmeli CaicviT! cocxlebmac da mkvdrebsac!
radganac is, yvelaze saukeTeso da yvelaze kargi samosia!~
allahis Suamavali mwvane samosiTac uxilavT. ebu rimse
gadmogvcens, rom Suamavali mwvane samosSi davinaxeo.
allahis Suamavali, wiTeli (WreliT qsovili) ecva. bera
bin azibe gadmogvcems rom: Suamavali ar minaxavs ise mSvenieri rogorc, wiTeli WreliT samosSi, Tmebi yuris bibiloebamde Camotanili TmebiT roca vnaxe. allahis Suamavals juma da bairam namazebius dros wiTeli gadasacmeli
hqonda. aseve iemenSi damzadebuli gadasacmeli da damaskodanCamotanili mklavebi viwro dadasacmeli romelsac laSqrobis dros icvamda.
Suamavals tailesanis qsovilidan damzadebuli mosasxami
hqonda, romelsac iranis Sahebic atarebdnen. mas igi omSi
icvamda.
aiSas es mosasxami allahis Suamavlis gardacvalebamde
aiSestan imaxeboda, Semdeg ki is abu baqris meore qaliSvilma esmam waiRo.
erTxel allahis wminda Suamavals mooqrovili mosasxami
aCuqes, igi am mosasxamiT minberze avida, magram ukan swrafagve Camovida, radgan, muslimebs misi mosasxamis silamazem
Tvali moWra.
Suamavalma Tanamimdevrebs hkiTxa: „gagakvirvaT samosis
simSvenierem? Zalian mogewonaT?“. maT miuges: „amaze lamazi
samosi jer ar gvinaxavs!“
Suamavalma brZana: „Cemi sulis patrons geficebiT, rom
saRd bin muazis samoTxeSi xelsaxocebi amaze ufro lamazi da 593
n
o
sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
mSvenieria.~
erTxel Suamavalma atlasisgan Sekerili kaptani (samoseli romelsac mamakacebi icvamdnen)Caicva da namazi aloca.
Semdeg dabrunda samosi gaixada da gadaagdo.
Suamavalma brZana, es RvTismoSiSs ar SemSveniso da samosi wminda omers gaugzavna. rodesac hkiTxes, es samosi
Tavidan ratom moiSoreo, man upasuxa, amis Cacma jibrailma
amikrZalao.
rodesac es samosi omers miutanes, igi maSinve allahis wminda SuamavalTan mivida tiriliT da uTxra: „allahis
Suamavalo! risi Cacmac Sen ar isurve da me gamomigzavne, is
rogor gamoviyeno?“
Suamavalma miugo: „me, is Casacmelad ki ara, gasayidad gamogigzavne wminda omerma es kaptani 2000 dirhemad gayida.
romis keisarma Suamavals atlasis qsovilidan Sekerili,
mosirmuli boloebiT, grZeli qurqi aCuqa. rodesac Suamavalma es qurqi Caicva, xalxi SeekiTxa: „allahis Suamavalo,
es qurqi zecidan mogevlina?“
Suamavalma brZana: „Cemi sulis patrons geficebi, rom saRd
bin muazis xelsaxocebi samoTxeSi, amaze ufro lamazi da mSvenieria!“
Semdeg is qurqi, jafer bin ebi Talibs gaugzavna. rodesac
man es qurqi moicva, Suamavalma hkiTxa: „me, es Casacmelad
gamogigzavne!?“ wminda jaferma gaikvirva, Tu ar Cavicvam,
aba ra vuyoo. Suamavalma miugo, nejaSs gaugzavneo.
Suamavals, abreSumis qsovilidan damzadebuli samoseli
aCuqes. man ki is wminda alis gaugzavna.
rodesac masSi gamowyobili wminda ali dainaxa, Suamavals
saxeze gabrazebis niSnebi daetyo. „me, is, Casacmelad ki ara
mandilad gamogigzavne, unda dagenawilebina da mandilosnebs
594 daexuraT!~
n
allahis Suamavlis zogierTi sunneTi
o
wminda alim Secdoma gamoaswora da yvelaferi allahis
Suamavli miTiTebisamebr gaakeTa.
eTiopiis mefe nejaSis mier SuamavalisTvis gamogzavnil
saCuqrebSi egvipturi paltoc eria.
Suamavali xandaxan Savi Saleulis samossac icvamda.
wminda aiSem SuamavalisTvis aseTi samosi daamzadebina.
rodesac es Savi Salis samosi moicva, gaoflianda, Salis
suni igrZno, gaixada da aRar Caucvia, radganac mas gargi
suni uyvarda.
omerma samlocvelos win abreSumisgan damzadebuli gasayidi samoseli dainaxa, SuamavalTan miitana da yidva urCia. da
dResaswaulebisa da deleqaciebis dros Caecva. Suamavalma
ki miugi, es, mxolod samoTxidan wilis ar mqonenis samosia! amas, mxolod samoTxidan wilis ar mqoneni Caicvameno!“
Semdeg Tavisi atlasis samosi wminda omers gaugzvna. manac
samosi aiRo, SuamavalTan mivida da uTxra:. „allahis Suamavalo Senidan gavigone, rom es mxolod samoTxis wilis
armqoneTa samosia! amas, mxolod samoTxidan wilis armqoneni Caicvameno da me gamomigzavne?“ „me is Casacmelad ki ara,
imitom gamogigzavne rom gageyida da aRebuli fuli uqonelTaTvis migeca.~ _ miugo kacobriobis siamayem.
Suamavali brZanebs rom: „vinc Tavis mowonebis gamo samoss
Caicvams, sanam am qmedebas ar gaanebebs Tavs uzenaesi mas zurgs
Seaqcevs da aRdgomis dRes damamcirebel samoss Caamevs!“
„sidiadisa da gapranWvis gamo vinc samoss Caicvams, mas aRdgomis dRes, allahis imis msgavs samoss Caacmevs da cecxlSi
miscems!“
burde _ iemenSi damzadebuli samosia romelic ihramis
msgavsad tanze unda Semoixvio.
sahl bin saRdi gadmogvcems: `erT dRes SuamavalTan erTi
qalbatoni movida romelmac mas Tavisi xeliT moqsovili 595
n
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
burde aCuqa. Suamavalma saCuqari miiRo, radgan Zalian Wirdeboda. am burdeSi gaxveuli CvenTan mejlisSi movida. mejlisis erT-erTma wevrma wamoiZaxa: „allahis Suamavalo! am
burdeze ufro lamazi ar minaxavs! amas m maCuqeb?“ allahis
Suamavalma miugo, SesaZlebeliao.
rodesac mejlisidan saxlSi dabrunda burde im kacs
gaugzavna. Cven im kacs vuTxariT, Zalian cudi ram gakeTe,
icodi, rom Suamavali Txovnaze uariT aravis istumrebda da
aqedan gamomdinare darwmunebuli iyavi rom gaCuqebdao.
im pirovnebam Tavi imarTla: „RmerTs geficebiT, samosad ki ara qefinad (gardacvlilis dasaflavebisas mkvdaris
gasaxvevi samosi ) mindao.~
marTlac, rodesac is gardaicvala am burdeSi gaaxvies da
ise dakrZales.
qaRb bin zubeirze micemuli hirqa
allahis Suamavalma, TebuqSi, eiles xalxTan samSvidobo
xelSekrulebis dadebis dros, am xelSekrulebis simbolod
maT burde (hirqa) gadasca.
ebul abbas abdullah bin muhammedma, es burde, maTgan 300
dinarad Seisyida. abbasis STamomavlebma es hirqas TavianT
Svilebs gadasces.
rodesac xalifebi dResaswaulis dReebSi am burdes
Caicvamdnen da xelSi aseve Suamavlis naqon joxsac aiRebdnen, maT gulebi caxcaxs iwyebda. TvalebSi sinaTle daekargeboda.
n
596
cnobili arabi poeti qali bin zuheiri
mosananieblad
da
islamis misaRebad SuamavalTan mivida da uTxra: „ueWvelad: allahis Suamavali WeSmaritebis maCvenebeli sinaTle, cudi gzis likvidiciisaTvis allahis basri xmlebidan
erT-erTia!“ baned suadis yasida, rodesac waikiTxa allahis
allahis Suamavlis zogierTi sunneTi
o
Suamavalma mxrebidan hirqa moixsna da mas aCuqa.
mt. muaviem, xalifobis dros, qaRb bin zuheirs, SeuTvala,
rom misTvis Suamavalis naCuqari hirqa mieyida da mas hirqis sanacvlod 10 000 dirhemi gaugzavna.
qaRb bin zuheirma upasuxa, me Suamavlis hirqis Cacmas aravis davuTmobo da muavies SeTavazeba uaryo.
qaRb bin zuheiris gardacvalebis Semdeg misi Svilebidan
muaviem es hirqa 20 000 dirhemad Seisyida da aseTnairad
Suamavlis qaRb bin zuheirze naCuqari es hirqa xalifidan
xalifaze gadadioda.
omaianebis saxemwifos daSlis Semdeg pirvelma abbasianTa
xalifam ebul abbas seffah bin abdullah bin muhammedis
mxridan es hirqa 300 dinarad SeiZina.
mas dResaswaulebze xalifebi icvamdnen. rodesac xalifa
muyTediri mokles, sisxli moecxo da dabinZurda. rodesac
abbasianebi egvipteSi Cavidnen, hirqa Tan Caitanes. iavuz
sulTan selimis mier misiris aRebis dros, selimma muhammed Suamavlis naqon,sxva danarCen wminda nivTebTan erTad
istanbulSi Camoitana.
hirqa istanbulSi Tofqafis sasaxleSi inaxeba, romlis
naxva mnaxvelT SeuZlaiT. es hirqa:1,24 santimetris sigrZis,
farTo mklavebiT, Savi Salis qsovilisgan aris damzadebuli.
hirqas Signidan uxeSi naqsovi, kremis feriT. win marjvena mxares 0,23×0.30 zomis nawili aklia. marjvena mklavzec
aklia. hirqa adgil-adgil gacveTilia.
mandilSi gamoxveuli 0,57×0,45×0,21 zomis ujraSi inaxeba.
amave zomis oqros Sesanaxi sulTan mesame muradma gakeTebina. es Sesanaxi xelovnebis mxridan genialuria aris zurmuxtebiT aris Semkuli
Suamavals zafraniT gaRebili safari hqonda. am safars 597
n
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
j
colebis saxlSi ixuravda. hamisa- oTxkuTxedi da orive
mxares ornamentiani Savi nabadis saxelia. Suamavali avadmoyofobamde, hamisada namazs loculobda.
wminda aiSes gadmocemiT: Suamavals erT dRes, hamisaze
namazis locvis dros Tvali, ornamentisaken gaeqca, locva
moamTavra da Tqva: „es Cemi hamisami, ebu jehmes wauReT. radganac, aman, cota xnis win, locvidan momacdina. me, adii bin qaRbidan ebu jehm bin huzeife bin ganimis enbicanesi momitaneT!“
ebu jehmim hkiTxa: „allahis Suamavalo! es ratom gamomigzavne?~ Suamavalma brZana: „namazis locvis dros Tvali
ornamentisken gameqca.~ es hamisa SuamavalisaTvis, ebu jehms
hqonda naCuqari.
enbijani-Salidan, ornamentis gareSe damzadebuli safaria. heiberSi Suamavlis nadavlSi hamisac iyo.
Suamavali, am moZvelebul hamisaze namaz loculobda.
dalocvili Suamavali, ukanaskneli avadmyofobis dros, am
hamisas xSirad saxeze ifarebda. rodesac hamisa Seawuxebda,
moixdida, Zirs gaagdebda da saxes gamoiCenda.
medinis miwa nestiania amitomac es hamisa, allahis Suamavalis saflavis qveS iqna gagebuli.
beni daris delagaciidan hani bin habibma, hijris mecxre
wels medinaSi Camosvlis dros, allahis Suamavals sirmiani
samosi aCuqa.
Suamavalma es samosi Tavis biZas abbas aCuqa. wminda abbasma, ra vuyo am samosso, Suamavals hkiTxa. Suamavalma upasuxa: „oqroebi moxseni, colisaTvis samkaulebad an saarsebo
sarCoT gamoiyene. atlasic, gayide da moixmare.~ wminda abbasma es samosi ebraels miyida 8 000 dirhemad.
n
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enes bin maliqis gadmocemiT, rodesac ziezem, ocdaaTi
xnieri, mdedri aqlemi iyida, maSin Suamavals erTi hulle
aCuqa.
allahis Suamavlis zogierTi sunneTi
o
isay bin abdullah bin harisis gadmocemiT Suamavalma,
ocdacxra axalgazrda aqlemi zeizes miyida da erTic Suamavals aCuqa.
hulle-iemenis burudis an sxva romelime qsovilidan
damzadebuli welzeda da welqveda samosia, romelic ridasa (wels zemo) da izarisgan( wels qvemo) ori nawilisgan
Semdgar samoss ewodeba.
nejaSis gamogzavnili oqros beWedi
eTiopiis xelmwifis nejaSi ashamas mier SuamavalisaTvis gamogzavnil saCuqrebSi, eTiopiis qvisgan damzadebuli
oqros beWedic iyo.
Suamavalma, ebu asis SviliSvils dauZaxa da uTxra: „Cemo
gogo! es, beWedi Sen gaikeTe!~
mamakacTaTvis mxolod vercxlis beWedia alali. amitomac, oqros, rkinis an yviTeli brinjaodan damzadebuli beWedi harami (akrZalulia) rom aris, es Suamavals ucnobebia.
Tavadac, gardacvalebamde, mxolod vercxlis beWedi hqonda gakeTebuli.
Suamavali beWeds marjvena xelze ikeTebda. xandaxan marcxena xelzec gakeTebuli daunaxavT. orive xelze beWedis gakeTeba daSvebulia. beWedi nekiTiTze an araTiTze keTdeba.
dResaswaulebze gakeTeba Suamavlis mowonebuli qcevebidan
erT-erTia. beWedis ampartavnobis gamo an saCveneblad gakeTeba akrZalulia (aramia).
erT dRes numan bin beSiri SuamavalTan mivida. xelze
oqros beWedi ekeTa. Suamavalma uTxra: „samoTxeSi Sesvlamde, ratom gagikeTebia samoTxis samkauli?“ Semdeg numan
bin beSirma rkinis beWedis gaikeTa. Suamavalma rom dainaxa,
„jojoxeTis nivTs ratom atarebo?“ amis Semdeg numan bin beSirma, brinjaodan damzadebuli beWdis tareba daiwyo. rodesac Suamavalma dainaxa, uTxra „ratomaa rom, Sengan kerpis 599
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suni mcemso?“
numan bin beSirma Suamavals uTxra: `aba rogori beWedi gavikeTo-o?~ ei Suamavalma miugo, „vercxlis beWedi SegiZlia
gaikeTo. da (4.8 gram)-ze meti ar iyos, Tanac marjvena xelze
gaikeTe!“
amr ibni SuRabi gadmogvcems, rom allahis Suamavali
oqrosa da rkinis beWdis gakeTebis nebas ar rTavdqa, xolo
vercxlis beWdis gakeTebas ar krZalavda.
rodesac Suamavalma iranis Sahs, romis keisarsa da abisiniis mefes werilebs ugzvnida, mas uTxres, rom Tu werils
beWedi ar eqneboda dasmuli, mas adresatebi ar waikiTxavdnen
amis gamo Suamavalma vercxlis beWedi daamzadebina da
masze sam striqonad amoakveTina: „muhammedur resulullahmuhammedi allahis Suamavalia.“
beWedze naweri qvemodan zemoT
„pirvel striqonze muhammed,
meoreze striqonze resul-Suamavali,
mesame striqonze ki allahi iyo amokveTili.
Suamavalis am vercxlis beWdis Tvali abisiniis qvidan iyo
damzadebuli.
sxva versiiT am beWdis amonakveTi vercxlis iyo.
amr bin saidi SuamavalTan mivida. Suamavalma mas xelze
gakeTebuli beWedi daunaxa da hkiTxa: „es ra beWedia?“ amr
bin saidma allahis Suamavals uTxra, es erTgvari rgolia,
romelic me gavakeTeo. Suamavali dainteresda Tu ra iyo
zed amokveTili.
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amr bin saidma miugo, masze muhammedur resulullah aris
amokveTilio. Suamavalma nakeToba gamoarTva da pirad be-
allahis Suamavlis zogierTi sunneTi
o
Wdad iyenebda, sxvebs ki beWdebze analogiuri warweris gakeTeba aukrZala.
Suamavals gardacvalebis dros es beWedi ekeTa. igi am beWeds xan marcxena, xanac marjvena neka TiTze ikeTebda.
Suamavals, beWdis amokveTili mxare xelisgulisken hqonda miqceuli,
Suamavlis es Stampiani beWedi gardacvalebis Semdeg ebubeqirma, Semdeg omarma, bolos ki osmanma gaikeTes.
halifa osmanma, erT dRes, erisis Wis Tavze, beWedi TiTidan moixsna da xelSi atrialebda am dros is WaSi Cauvarda.
Widan wyali mTlianad amoaqcia da beWeds sami dRis ganmavlobaSi eZebdnen, magram ver ipoves.
beWedze amokveTis tradicia Suamavlis Semdegac gagrZelda. ebubeqirma beWedze, „niRmel yaadir allah“ (allahs
yvelafi ZaluZs) wminda omars „qefaa bil-mevT vaaRizan ia
omer“ (SegonebaT (rCevaT) sikvdili kmara), wminda osmans
„le-nasbirenne“, (ueWvelad moviTmenT) wminda alis „elmulqu lillah“ (mflobeloba mxolod allahs ekuTvnis)
wminda hasans, „el-izzeTu lillah“ (sidiade allahs ekuTvnis) muavis „rab-biRfir-lii“ (RmerTo Cemo mapatie), ibni ebi
leilas „ed-dunia Raruurun“, (dedamiwa, Semcdenia, cbieria) imami ebu hanifes ki, „yul-il-hair ve illaa fesquT“,
(an sikeTe Tqvi an gaCumdi!) imami ebu iusufs „men Ramile
bi-re’iihii nedime“, (vinc Tavisi azriT imoqmedebs sinanulSi Cavardeba) imam muhammedis „men sabere zafire (momTmeni
moigebs(izeimebs)) imami Safi „el-bereqeTu fil yanaa’a“ (baraqa mcired ymayofilebaSia) hqondaT beWdebze amotvifruli. isini beWdebs Stampad iyenebdnen.
Suamavlis sawoli
Suamavlis sawoli garedan tyaviT SigniT palmis boWko-
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sayvareli muhammed Suamavali
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ebiT iyo damzadebuli. Suamavalic da misi colic masze
iZinebdnen, baliSic igive sagnebiT iyo damzadebuli.
wminda aiSe gadmogvcems: `ensaris tomidan erTi qalbatoni gvestumra. allahis Suamavlis sawoli rom dainaxa, wavida
da matylis logini gamogvigzavna.~
Suamavali movida da mkiTxa „ra aris es?“ me mivuge: „allahis Suamavalo, ensaris tomidan qalbatoni movida CvenTan,
Seni sawoli rom dainaxa, wavida da es gamogigzavna.~ sayvarelma Suamavlma mibrZana: „es logini axlave ukan gaugzavne~
magram, me ukan ar davabrune, radganac momewona. Suamavalma es sityva samjer gaimeora. bolos ki brZana: „aiSe,
allahs geficebi rom mesurva allahi, oqrosa da vercxlis
gorebs CemTan erTad daatarebda!“ Suamavlis minderi ori
farajisgan Sesdgeboda.
erT Rames, rodesac CemTan movida, es minderi gakecili
dauge da daiZina. diliT man mkiTxa: „aiSe, amaRam Cemi logini uCveulo ratom iyo?“ me mivuge: `allahis Suamavalo is
SenTvis gavkece.~ man ki mibrZana, rom is pirvandel mdgomareobaSi damebrunebina.
aiSe mogviTxrobs: „yureiSlebisaTvis, meqaSi taxtze wolaze ufro kargi ram ar moiZebneboda. rodesac Suamavali
medinaSi Cavida da ebu eiiubis saxlSi dabinavda, mas uTxra
„ei ebu eiiub! Tqven taxti ar gaqvT? man ki upasuxa: „allahs
geficebi ar gvaqvs“.
ansarma saR bin zarurem es rom gaigo, Tunuqisgan damzadebuli selis boWkoebiani da Wilofgadakruli taxti
gaugzavna.
Suamavali Tavis saxlSi gadabargebamdec da gardacvalebamdec masze iZinebda.
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rodesac Suamavali gardaicvala, tanis dabanisa da qefenSi (materiaSi) gaxvevis Semdeg am taxtze daasvenes da
allahis Suamavlis zogierTi sunneTi
o
locva ase aRavlines. abu beqiri da wminda omeric am taxtiT gaistumres saiqios.
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