docVascular and non-vascular seedless plants
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Vascular and non-vascular seedless plants
Vascular and non-vascular seedless plants Bio 181 Week 7 Learning Objectives • Describe the life histories and related reproductive structures of bryophytes. • Describe the distinguishing features of liverworts, mosses, and hornworts. • Describe some of the key adaptations that allow liverworts, mosses, and hornworts to live on land. • Describe the role of bryophytes in the environment. • Discuss similarities and differences between ferns and other plants you have studied in the lab. • Describe the life cycles of ferns. Survey of the Plant Kingdom: This and Next Week • • • • • • • • • • • Phylum – Common Name Hepaticophyta – Liverworts Bryophyta – Mosses Anthocerophyta – Hornworts Pterophyta – Ferns Lycophyta – Club Mosses Cycadophyta – Cycads Ginkgophyta – Ginkgo Coniferophyta – Conifers Gnetophyta – Gnetophytes Anthophyta – Flowering plants Liverworts, Mosses, and Hornworts of Phyla Hepaticophyta, Bryophyta, and Anthocerophyta • Distinct sporophyte and gametophyte phases, but gametophyte is the dominant phase. Phylum Bryophyta: Mosses • Distinct sporophyte and gametophyte phases, but gametophyte is the dominant phase. • Gametophytes (haploid) produce gametes – Either male or female • Sporophytes (diploid) produce spores Sporophyte Gametophyte Phylum Bryophyta: Mosses • Distinct sporophyte and gametophyte phases, but gametophyte is the dominant phase. • Gametophytes (haploid) produce gametes – Either male or female • Haploid sperm produced by male gametophytes – In antheridia • Haploid egg produced by female gametophyte – In archegonium • Produces diploid sporophyte Phylum Bryophyta: Mosses • Sporophyte (diploid) grows out of archegonium, produces spores from meiosis. Phylum Bryophyta: Mosses • Spores grow into gametophytes. • Starts over! Seedless Vascular Plants of Phylum Pterophyta • Have vascular tissue – Xylem, phloem: conduct fluids Ferns: Pterophyta • Have vascular tissue – Xylem, phloem: conduct fluids Sporophyte • Sporophytes – produce spores from sporophylls – Megaphylls, microphylls – Sporangia – where spores are produced via meiosis • Gametophytes – produce gametes Gametophyte Ferns: Pterophyta • Gametophyte (haploid) – Males develop sperm in antheridia – Females develop eggs in archegonia • Zygote (diploid) grows out of archegonium • Becomes sporophyte Sporophyte Gametophyte Ferns: Pterophyta • Sporophyte’s leaves (called fronds) form clusters of sporangia – Spots are called sori • Meiosis in the sporangia forms spores (haploid) • Spores germinate upon release, becoming gametophytes! Sporophyte • AKA prothallia. Gametophyte Seedless Vascular Plants of Phylum Lycophyta • Club mosses • Have true roots, stems, and leaves! • Sporangia occur in modified leaves called sporophylls cultured in cones called strobili. Today • 28.1 – Examine the thallus of Marchantia • 28.2 – Prepared slide of Marchantia • 28.3 – Examine sporophytes of liverworts – Examine model of Marchantia • 28.4 – Examine mosses – Live: Polytrichum, Dicranum, Spagnum, Mnium • 28.5 - SKIP • 28.6 – Examine archegonia and antheridia of mosses (prepared slide) • 29.1 – Examine sori – Dissecting scope and prepared slide of fern indusium (compound light microscope) • 29.2 – Observe archegonia and antheridia - prepared slides • Examine Horsetails - Table 3 • 29.4 - Examine club mosses – Observe live club moss (Lycopodium)
