4. Adaptive use

Adaptive Use of Church Buildings:
The Most Challenging Heritage Issue in Europe
教堂建築的改造與再利用:
當代歐洲最其挑戰性的文華遺產課題
Prof. Dr. Thomas Coomans 高曼士
KU Leuven 鲁汶大学
Faculty of Engineering, Department of
Architecture / Raymond Lemaire International
Centre for Conservation
23 April 2014
香港，2014 年 9 月 15 日
1. Introduction
Boitsfort (BEL) St Hubert church, 2013
Anderlecht (BEL) St Francis church, 2012
Weifang (Shangdong), 2013
Shanghai, Jing’An si, 2014
1. Introduction: Content
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Introduction
A growing heritage issue
Heritage and use value
Adaptive use
Heritagization, community and general interest
Churches: a heritage with future
Québec (Canada), church transformed in Circus School
Not about:
- movable heritage
- intangible heritage
2. A growing Heritage issue – a public debate
2. A growing Heritage issue – a public debate
2. A growing Heritage issue – a public debate
Mont-SaintMichel (FR)
Schaarbeek
(BEL)
Genève (CH)
Mechelen (BEL) Hotel Patershof
Newton (USA, Mass.) 2005
‘s Hertogenbosch (NL) casino
2. A growing Heritage issue – a public debate
CONCEPTNOTA
Een toekomst voor de
Vlaamse Parochiekerk
24 juni 2012
Stichting 2008 jaar van
het Religieus Erfgoed
Holland (NL), Québec (CA), Flanders (BEL)
3. Heritage and Use Value
Memorial values
Ancient
Historic
Memorial
Actual values
Aesthetical (spiritual)
Use (practical)
Use defines primary prevention
Alois RIEGL (1858-1905)
Der moderne Denkmalkultus, sein Wesen, seine Entstehung,
Vienna, 1903
3. Heritage and Use Value
Liège (BEL) St. Lambert’s cathedral, Koekelberg (BEL) St. Anne, Etterbeek (BEL) St. Gertrude
Demolition of churches = loss of heritage
3. Heritage and Use Value
Walcheren (NL) lighthouse, Mont-St-Michel (FR) prison, Leiden (NL)
Academic university building, Fontenay (FR) paper factory, Villeneuve-lesAvignon (FR) barn
A long tradition of adaptive use
3. Heritage and Use Value – the limits of protection
^ Saint-Denis
(FR) protection
law 3 brumaire
An II (1793)
Tournai (BEL) St Catherine
< Anderlecht (BEL)
St. Francis-Xaverius
4. Adaptive use
Original Use: worship
Religious use with other focus:
- ‘refurbishment’
- ‘reuse by other congregations’
- ‘shared use’
- ‘polyvalent use’
No more religious use > ‘adaptive use’
- privatization
- semi-public use
- public use
(monofunctional / multifunctional)
Amsterdam (NL) OLV Zeven Smarten, social centre
Maastricht (NL) former Dominican church, bookshop
4. Originaland
use –Liturgical
worship andUse
liturgical use
Worship
Rome (IT)
London (UK), Paris (FR) Jesuits
3. Adaptive use – worship and liturgical use
Bruges (B) Magdalenakerk; Willebroek (B) St Nicholas
Günhoven (D) Urnenkirche; Brussels (BEL) St Catherine
3. Adaptive use – reuse by other religious congregation
< Utrecht (NL) Turkish mosque
(former Gereformeerde Noorderkerk)
^ The Hague (NL) Mescidi Aksa Moskee
(former Hoogduitse synagoge)
< Toronto (CA) Jamie Mosque (former
Hyde Park Presbyterian Church)
< Buffalo (CA), Buddhist temple
(former Catholic St Agnes Church)
4. Adaptive use – privatisation
^ Utrecht (NL) Martinushof,
New York (USA) Limelight
Market Place, Brussels (BEL)
EU perss centre,
Montréal (CA)
St.-Jean de la Croix
4. Adaptive use – semi-public
Bruges (BEL) former Jesuit church, Amsterdam (NL) De Duif,
Trier (Germany) St Maximin / basket
Québec (CA) Circus school, Québec (CA) Vertige Escalade
4. Adaptive use – public
Paris (FR) Musée
des Arts et Métiers
Byrr (IRL) former
monastery)
Charleroi (BEL) Museum
of photography
Maastricht (NL) UM
university
Basse-Wavre (BEL) college chapel
5. Heritagization, community and general interest
Tilburg (NL) Hasseltse kerk, Schaarbeek (BEL) OLV Helmet, Amsterdam (NL) Lutheran Church/ UA
Amsterdam (NL) Vondelkerk, London (UK) Lumen Church, Québec (CA) ND Cartier
5. Heritagization, community and general interest
The English model
5. Heritagization, community and general interest
www.openkerken.be/
RELIWIKI
2006-2007
From the sacred of worship …
… to the sacred of heritage
5. Heritagization, community and general interest
6. Churches : a heritage with a future
1.
Demolition of a church —a building with high
symbolic and cultural values— always is an
important and irreversible loss of heritage and
identity for the society.
2.
Many (former) places of worship, the heritage value
of which presently is acknowledged,
only exist because they were reused.
3.
Adaptive reuse of buildings, including churches, is a
long Western tradition,
presently re-activated by new challenges such as
sustainable development.
Tilburg (NL) Hasseltse kerk
Aachen (Germany) St. Alfons, ‘Bürobasilika’
5 Statements toward adaptive use
6. Churches : a heritage with a future
4.
Public re-use with a socio-cultural
character is more suitable and
appropriate than privatization of
a redundant place of worship.
5.
Mixed/shared uses , local uses,
including religious ones, are most
promising for the future; they
involve local people ; they imply a
changing of method and
mentalities. It is a challenge for
both the heritage sector and real
estate market.
5 Statements toward adaptive use
Thank You !
谢谢
Willebroek (BEL): St Nicholas church,
Tom Callebaut & Cindy Tirry