Relevant Presentation

ALLOCATION POLICIES AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR
RECREATIONAL FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN INLAND
WATERS OF ARGENTINA
Pablo H. Vigliano1, José Bechara2, Rolando Quiros3
1Centro
Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue,
Quintral 1250, (8400) Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
2 Instituto de Ictiología del Nordeste, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias,
UNNE, S. Cabral 2139, (3400) Corrientes, Argentina.
3Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad
de Buenos Aires, Av San Martin 4453, (1417) Buenos Aires, Argentina.
The Northeast,
region
Central, Western
and Northwestern
regions
Patagonia and
Tierra del Fuego
regions
dominate the scene of Argentina
recreational fishing, been each
unique in terms of environmental
context, fish fauna and fishery
types.
Fishery type
Resource
characteristic
sought for
Main target sp
Fishers
sociosocioeconomic
level
Argentinian region
Regional
human
density
World classclassFishing lodges
Trophy size
high numbers
Salmonids
Salminus
Very high
inter /
national
Tierra del Fuego
/Patagonia Iberá
Iberá
swamps
Very low
Recreational 1
-Fishing lodges
Large size
Salmonids
Salminus
Pseudoplatistoma
Piaractus
Brycon
High
nationals
Northern Patagonia
NE ArgentinaArgentinaParaná
Paraná Paraguay
ConfluenceConfluence- Ibera
swamps
Low
Recreational 2
Size and
numbers of
fish caught
Salmonids
Odontesthes
hatcheri
O. bonariensis
Salminus
Pseudoplatistoma
Piaractus
Upper
middle
class –
middle
class
Northern Patagonia
Pampa plains
Upper & middle
Paraná
Paraná river
Middle
Recreational 3
Numbers of
fish caught
Salminus
Pseudoplatistoma
Odontesthes
bonariensis
Middles
classclasslower
middle
class
LowerLower-Middle
Parana River
Paraná
Paraná delta
Pampa plains
Northwestern
reservoirs, Yacireta
dam
Middle High
Recreational 4 banned
Numbers of
fish caught
Cyprinus carpio
Small riverine fish
Low
middle
class &
poor
Río de La Plata
river
High
The Northeast
1. Pilcomayo river,
2. Paraguay river, 3.
Upper Paraná river,
4. Yacyreta dam, 5.
Middle Paraná river,
6. Lower Paraná
river and delta, 7.
Uruguay river, 8.
Iguazú river, 9.
Iguazú falls, 10.
Corrientes river, 11.
Río de la Plata
river.
Order
Characiforms
Scientific Name
Salminus brasiliensis
Piaractus mesopotamicus
Brycon orbignyanus
Hoplias malabaricus
Leporinus obtusidens
Siluriforms
Perciforms
Atheriniforms
Pseudoplatystoma corruscans
Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum
Paulicea luetkeni
Zungaro zungaro
Luciopimelodus pati
Habits
potamodromous, top predator
potamodromous,omnivorous /
frugivorous
potamodromous, omnivorous /
frugivorous
non migrant, lake dweller, top predator
potamodromous, omnivorous
potamodromous, top predator
potamodromous, top predator
potamodromous, top predator
potamodromous, top predator
potamodromous, top predator
potamodromous, top predator
potamodromous, top predator
potamodromous, top predator
non migrant, benthic feeder
potamodromous, omnivorous
potamodromous, benthic feeder
non migrant, top predator
non migrant, lake dweller,/
planktonic and benthic feeder
Upper Paraná River
Dorado
Surubí
boga
Dorado fishing at Iberá Marshes and related wetlands
Middle Paraná River
Surubí
Dorado
Pacú
Live Bait
Hoplos
Swamp eel
Knife fish
Tararira
Conflicts with artisanal fisheries at Paraná-Paraguay
confluence.
Large Reservoir Fisheries
Itaipú
Small catfishes
Yacyreta
Piranhas
Salto Grande
Armored catfish
Fishing
Tournaments
Dorado fishing
Locations of some famous fishing tournaments
BACKGROUND AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE NORTHEASTERN REGION
•Most rivers share provincial and international
jurisdictions creating problems and conflicts
To solve problems:
• Joint commission (Paraguay and 4 limiting provinces),
establish a Common Fishing code
•Relies on consultations with Advisory Committee con
formed by: Scientist, technicians, Commercial & Fishing
organizations, outfitters, lodge owners, coast guard
Fishing Code
•Harvestable target species in common waters
•Species specific daily catch quotas per fisher
•Fish size limit regulations
•Types of gear & banned fishing practices
•Season closure periods
•Reserves and protected areas
OBJECTIVES AND GAPS
Meanwhile the fishing code is achieved by consensus taking
into account previous management schemes:
• No major revisions of objectives and regulation usefulness
have been undertaken
•Real managers in most provinces are lacking and those that
exist lack the necessary funding for major management plans
•Very little is known about the processes that should direct
sound management
•No catch quota for fishing types allowed exist
•The numbers of licenses sold in not limited
•The only limitation to over fishing is fish minimum size
•There are no allocations between fisher groups
•In some cases fishing type (commercial –recreational) is area
allocated
•Allocation schemes do not respond to an integral management
perspective generating conflicts between and within fisher
groups
Hydrology of the
Central, Western and
Northwestern regions:
1. Río De La Plata, 2.
Paraná river, 3. Salado
river (Buenos Aires
province), 4. San Borombon
river, 5. Canal 5 river, 6.
Mar Chiquita, 7. Colorado
River, 8. Salado river (La
Pampa province), 9. La
amarga lake, 10. Atuel
river, 11. Diamante river,
12. Tunuyan river, 13. San
Juan river, 14. Jachal river,
15. Quinto river, 16. Cuarto
river, 17, Tercero river, 18.
Segundo river, 19. Primero
river, 20. Mar Chiquita
lake, 21. Dulce river, 22
Salado river.
Order
Scientific Name
Habits
Characiforms
Hoplias malabaricus
non migrant, lake & streams and
irrigation channel dweller, top predator
potamodromous, omnivorous
Atheriniforms
Odontesthes bonariensis
non migrant, lake dweller,/
planktonic and benthic feeder
Cypriniforms
Cyprinus carpio
Freshwater / omnivorous
Central Pampa plains
GENERAL BACKGROUND AND LEGAL FRAME WORK IN
THE CENTRAL, WESTERN AND NORTHWESTERN REGIONS
•Responsibility for regulating fisheries rest in provincial governments
•Socioeconomic and biological information for management is
scattered trough provincial jurisdictions
•Valuable data such as total catch and effort are not sought for or
reported
•Regulations are issued in response to declining fisheries
•Regulations rely closed seasons, bag limits and size slots
fluctuating widely across jurisdictions
•Regulations are in general interspersed with ambiguity and
contradictions been usually ineffective
•Fishery control and enforcement is week
•Public participation in the decision process is practically null
OBJECTIVES AND GAPS
•Objectives for the extensive fisheries of O. bonariensis are not
clearly set
•Fishery Science is at present dispersed in a few
Universities poorly financed
•Sound Management is usually implemented at local
levels, lacking in many occasions continuity through out
time
•Most allocation actions are set in accordance to perceived
decline of particular fishery but not on actual studies
Hydrology of
Patagonia and Tierra
del Fuego regions.
(Falkland)
Atlantic drainages:
1.Colorado river, 2. Negro
river,3. Neuquén river, 4.
Limay river, 5. Chubut
river, 6 Chico river
(Chubut province), 7.
Senguerr river, Deseado
river, 9.Chico river (Santa
Cruz province), 10. Santa
Cruz river, 11. Coig river,
12. Gallegos river, 13.
Grande river, 14. Ewan
river, Pacific draining: 15.
Lacar lake, 16. Manso
river, 17 Puelo lake, 18.
Futaleufu river, 19.
Corcovado river, 20 Pico.
lake, 21. Pueyrredon lake,
22. San Martín lake, 23.
Fagnano lake, Endorheic
basin 24. Senguerr river.
Order 1
Salmoniforms
Scientific Name 1
Habits
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Salmo salar
O. tshawytscha
Salvelinus fontinalis
S. namaycush
Freshwater and anadromous /
top predator (fish and macrozoobenthos)
Freshwater and anadromous /
top predator (fish and macrozoobenthos)
landlocked / top predator (fish)
Anadromous / top predator
Freshwater / top predator
Freshwater / top predator
Odontesthes hatcheri
O. bonaeriensis
Freshwater / benthic and planktonic feeder
Freshwater / benthic and planktonic feeder
Percichthys altispinis
P. colhuapensis
P. trucha
P. vinciguerrae
Eleginops maclovinus
Mugil liza
Freshwater / fish and macrozoobenthos
Freshwater / fish and macrozoobenthos
Freshwater / fish and macrozoobenthos
Freshwater / fish and macrozoobenthos
marine – brackish water/
marine brackish water/
Cyprinus carpio
Freshwater / omnivorous
Paralichthys sp.
Marine- brackish water / top predator
Salmo trutta
Atheriniforms
Perciforms
Cypriniforms
Pleuronectiforms
Rainbow trout
Brook trout
Brown trout
Brown trouts
Rainbow trout
Silverside
Silverside
Catfish
Perch
Salmo salar
landlocked
Salmo salar Pacific
run
Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha Pacific run
Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha Atlantic
run
Steelhead trout
Sea run brown
trout
GENERAL BACKGROUND AND LEGAL FRAME WORK FOR
PATAGONIA AND TIERRA DEL FUEGO
Consultive Commission on Patagonia Continental Fishing
Provincial Governments & National park Administration
COMMON FISHING CODE
trough consultations with:
•Technicians
•Fishing organizations
•Outfitters, Lodge owners and Administrators
•Fishing guides
•Fishing associations
•Etc.
OBJECTIVES AND GAPS
Management does not respond to an integral perspective
•Usually corresponding to “de facto” policies
•Allocations rely mainly on particular perceptions of specific
sectors and interest groups usually involving:
¾catch quotas, size and bag limits
¾close seasons
¾there are no differential allocations policies between recreational
fisher groups
¾fishing licenses have differential values according to fishing
modes (fly fishing, casting, trolling)
¾allocation trough designation of particular habitats for
specific fishing modes
THIS HAS GENERATED CONFLICTS SUCH AS :
•Private lodges (restricted access and strictly catch and
release policies) vs unlimited public accesses
•Catch and release polices for all rivers fostered by fly fishing
organizations vs catch quotas fostered by other fishing
groups
•Release of all native fish species fostered by National
Parks and conservation NGO’s vs official agencies that
foster their catch
INCREASING DEMANDS FOR SOUND MANAGEMENT ARE MET
WITH:
•Few trained fishery scientist and managers
•Insufficient funding and infrastructure
•Myths about how to manage inland fish resources
•Political decisions
•Lack of fishery oriented studies
FINAL REMARKS
A WIDE BODY OF LAWS AND REGULATIONS EXIST TROUGHOUT
ARGENTINA
HOWEVER:
•There seems to exist a mismatch between the purpose of the
law and actual management
•Stemming from lack of awareness about the importance of the
resource, its fragility and the complexities inherent to managing
fish resources
•THIS GENERALLY LEADS TO
•FISHING CODES AND ALLOCATION POLICIES BASED ON
PERCEPTIONS OR AGENDAS OF PARTICULAR INTEREST GROUPS
•SCARCE MANAGEMENT ORIENTED RESEARCH
•NO CONTINUITY ON IMPLEMENTED MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES
PRIORITY GAPS TO BE FULLFILLED
TO CREATE AWARENESS ON ALL SOCIETY
LEVELS ABOUT RESOURCE FRAGILITY AND THE
NEED FOR MANAGEMENT ORIENTED RESEARCH
TO DEVELOP LOCAL AND REGIONAL RESEARCH
PROGRAMS THAT COULD GENERATE BIOLOGICAL,
ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN FACTOR
INFORMATION THAT MAY LEAD TO SOUND
MANAGEMENT DECISIONS
TO INTEGRATE AL STAKEHOLDERS OF
PARTICULAR FISHERIES INTO THE
DECISION PROCESS
THANK YOU
Nahuel Huapi Lake