Greenhouse gas and energy observatory of the Rhône

Greenhouse gas and energy
observatory
of the Rhône-Alpes region
Key figures - May
2015
Contents
Regional key figures
Comparison Rhône-Alpes / France
page 8
European objectives in Rhône-Alpes
page 9
Energy consumption
page 10
Greenhouse gas emissions
page 12
Energy production
page 13
RhôneAlpes
Analysis of final energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions by sector
Residentialpage 14
Tertiary
page 16
Industry
page 18
Transport
page 20
Agriculture
page 22
Energy use
page 24
Production of renewable energy page 25
Production of electricity from renewable energy
page 26
Production of heat from renewable energy page 27
Carbon sinks
page 29
Glossary
page 30
OREGES Rhône-Alpes
page 31
2
RhôneAlpes
Synthesis
The Rhône-Alpes region, strong with a dense industrial network, a numerous and increasing
population, important road infrastructures and dynamic agriculture, consumes 9.9 % of final
energy in France. As for France, the building sector (residential and tertiary) is the most energy
consuming sector, especially for heating needs. Energy consumption and emissions of the
Rhône-Alpes industry are below their level of 1990.
Fossil energies represent 61% of energy consumption. It was 69% in 1990.
Greenhouse gas emissions are decreasing regularly since 2005, and in 2013 they are below the
level of 1990 (-6%).
The Rhône-Alpes region is producing a lot of energy, mainly electric. With 4 nuclear power stations, it is the region the most nuclearized of Europe.
The hydroelectric tradition of the region, with real potential on the Rhône river and in the
alpine valleys notably, allows the Rhône-Alpes region to contribute to nearly 30% of the French
hydroelectric production. More recent energy sources such as photovoltaïcs, biogas, thermal
solar energy, even if they still represent a weak part of the total energy produced, increase
steadily. The use of wood for heating, is a strong tradition in the region, with however a
progressive transfer from log wood to pellets and forestry chips.
Since this year, the OREGES Rhône-Alpes counts individual heat pumps, which are also an important part of the renewable heat.
The analysis of energy flows in the Rhone-Alpes region (for the year 2012, at actual climate),
based on the model of the International Energy Agency, details the main energy vectors used in
the Rhône-Alpes region. The relative size of different flows is represented in proportion to their
weight (in toe). This diagram allows to visualize the supply, transformation and energy consumption in the Rhône-Alpes region.
OREGES Rhône-Alpes is able to provide data for the years 1990, 2000 and 2005 to 2012 and an
estimate for 2013. The series will be recalculated each year to take into account the methodological developments.
All data in this booklet are for the year 2013 (unless otherwise indicated); energy consumption
figures and greenhouse gas emissions are for normal climate, those related to energy production
are actual climate.
3
RhôneAlpes
Energy flows in the Rhône-Alpes region in 2012 : supply, transformation and
consumption
Losses
Primary oil import
Secondary oil products
import
5,121 ktoe
Refinery
1,872 ktoe
Losses
3,668 ktoe
Gas import
Coal import
80 ktoe
23,572 ktoe
Enriched uranium
import
Wind energy
production
PV production
2,120 ktoe
36 ktoe
22 ktoe
Wood production
471 ktoe
Wood import
323 ktoe
Biogas
Waste
Thermal solar
Heating pumps
(individuals)
Waste
Losses
27 ktoe
258 ktoe
9 ktoe
Energy
transformation
119 ktoe
4
Électricity
Hydro production
For example, oil is imported in the form of refined petroleum products (diesel, gasoline ...) or in the form of crude
oil, refined directly within the region. This causes some refining losses. The vast majority of these oil products is
consumed at the regional level, mainly in transport; one part is exported outside the region in the form of refined
products. Finally oil is also used as fuel in district heating, supplying residential, tertiary and industrial sectors in nonrenewable heat.
RESIDENTIAL
4,639 ktoe
Oil products
5,917 ktoe
Gas
3,339 ktoe
TERTIARY
2,211 ktoe
Solid mineral fuels
54 ktoe
INDUSTRY
4,148 ktoe
Thermal RES
1,197 ktoe
Waste
125 ktoe
Networks
Energy
losses
transformation losses
Renewable thermal heat
Non renewable heat
Electricity
4,634 ktoe
TRANSPORT
4,469 ktoe
AGRICULTURE
177 ktoe
Export
5
Some benchmarks
1 tonne
oil
equivalent
(toe)
=
18,000 km by car
OR quantity of average annual energy of a
household for heating
=
1 milk cow
=
1,000 km
by car
3 tonnes CO2 equivalent (tCO2e)
of enteric fermentation,
and 0.5 tCO2e of manure
1,000 km by plane
(75% occupancy)
=
0.21 tCO2 e
0.31 tCO2e
=
1,000 km by train
A steel tonne
produced in 2011
=
0.07 tCO2e
1.32 tCO2e
=
A tonne of glass
produced in 2011
6
0.51 tCO2e
Sources : ADEME, SOES
RhôneAlpes
GHG Emissions for all sectors per municipality per hectare
GHG emissions per hectare are important in municipalities densely populated, in the municipalities
where livestock is important and in municipalities where there are roads with heavy traffic.
to
to
to
7
RhôneAlpes
Comparison Rhône-Alpes/France
Final energy consumption in the Rhône-Alpes region in 2013 was 15.2 Mtoe, i.e. 10% of French consumption
(154.1 Mtoe). The Rhône-Alpes consumption increased by 7% since 1990, against nearly 10% for France. The
Rhône-Alpes region emits 40 million tCO2e, i.e. 8.3% of GHG emissions in France (480 million tCO2e).
The Rhône-Alpes region is also one of the French regions producing most energy through the production of
nuclear and hydropower.
Evolution of final
energy consumption
in France and in
Rhône-Alpes
120
115
110
105
(base 100 in 1990)
100
95
90
France
85
Rhône-Alpes
80
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Evolution of GHG
emissions in France
and in Rhône-Alpes
120
100
80
(base 100 in 1990)
60
40
20
France
Rhône-Alpes
0
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
100%
Share of Rhône-Alpesproduction compared to
France in 2013 (in %)
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
France (except Rhône-Alpes)
20%
8
ps
um
He
fro
er
gy
En
at
p
bi
m
wa
ste
lar
m
fro
al
m
er
gy
En
er
Th
en
so
er
gy
s
d
W
oo
Ph
ot
ov
ol
d
ta
ic
s
W
in
lic
ar
Hy
dr
au
al
cle
m
er
th
sil
Fo
s
Nu
0%
og
as
Rhône-Alpes
10%
Data France : SOES,
Energy balance of France in 2013
European objectives in Rhône-Alpes
To cope with the European objective of 20 % reduction of GHG emissions by 2020 and 40 % by 2030,
the region has to reach a level of 34.1 MtC02e in 2020 and 25.6 MtCO2e in 2030. It will then be necessary to lower
emissions by 15 % compared to 2013 to reach the objective of 2020 and by 36 % to reach the objective of 2030.
In 2013, the Rhône-Alpes region exceeds the European target which is to bring to 20 % the share of renewable
energy in final energy consumption (23 %).
50 000
45 000
40 000
35 000
34,100
30 000
25 000
25,600
20 000
(in ktCO2e)
15 000
10 000
5 000
0
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030
European objectives of renewable energy in 2013 (in GWh)
Final energy consumption
Production of renewable energy
Share of renewable energy
176,503
41,031
23%
9
Energy consumption in Rhône-Alpes
Primary energy consumption consists of the consumption of the energy branch, final consumption of other
activity sectors and energy consumption for non-energy purposes (petroleum plastic, gas for fertilizers ...).
Final energy consumption (all sectors excluding energy branch) was 15.2 Mtoe in 2013 in the Rhône-Alpes
region. The consumption peak was reached in 2005, and since then there has been a steady decline. Fossil
fuels tend to fall but still represent 61% of consumed energy (against 69% in 1990). The building sector
(residential and tertiary buildings) is the largest consumer, before transport and industry.
Primary energy consumption
ktoe
Consumption of the energy branch (A)
Final energy consumption (B)
Non energy final consumption (C)
Total consumption of primary energy (A+B+C)
949
15,184
372
16,605
Evolution of final energy consumption
18 000
16 000
14 000
12 000
Level 1990
10 000
Level 2000
8 000
6 000
(in ktoe)
4 000
2 000
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Rate of evolution
2012 - 2013 : - 2 %
2005 - 2013 : - 8 %
10
+7%
1990 - 2013 :
+7 %
Evolution of the energy mix
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
Electricity
40%
Gas
30%
Waste
20%
Thermal renewable energy
10%
Petroleum products
0%
Solid mineral fuels
1990
2000
2012
2013
Final energy consumption by sector
183
1%
4,460
30 %
4,297
28 %
Residential
Tertiary sector
Industry and waste management
Transport
Agriculture, silviculture and aquaculture
2,154
14 %
4,090
27 %
(in ktoe)
11
Greenhouse gas emissions in the Rhône-Alpes region
Greenhouse gas emissions (all sectors except for energy sector), consist mainly of energy related
emissions. Non-energy emissions are concentrated mainly in the industrial and agricultural
sector. All emissions have been falling steadily since 2005 (-13%), and have decreased more
rapidly than the energy consumption (changes in the energy mix to renewable energies).
Evolution of greenhouse gas emissions from energy and non-energy sources
50 000
45 000
40 000
35 000
30 000
25 000
20 000
15 000
Energy sources
(in ktCO2 e)
10 000
5 000
Non-energy sources
0
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Rate of evolution of GHG emissions from all sources
2012 - 2013 : -2 %
2005 - 2013 : -13 % 1990 - 2013 : -6 %
GHG emissions by sector
5,499
14 %
8,011
20 %
Residential
(in ktCO2e)
4,073
10 %
Tertiary
Industry and waste management
Transport
12,969
32 %
9,491
24 %
12
Agriculture, silviculture and aquaculture
Production of energy
The energy production in the Rhône-Alpes region amounted to 131,026 GWh in 2013. The Rhône-Alpes
region is one of the French regions producing most energy, especially electricity, with four nuclear power
plants, over 500 hydroelectric plants but also a significant production of heat from wood energy. Other
renewable energy sources (photovoltaic, solar thermal, biogas, etc.) are both present and are growing
steadily. Rhône-Alpes is an electricity exporter.
Structure of the production of energy
1,192
1%
12,379
9%
27,455
21 %
Nuclear and fossil thermal energy
(in GWh)
90,000
69 %
Hydraulics
Other electrical renewable energy
Thermal renewable energy
Production of energy
GWh
Nuclear
Fossil thermal
Total
Hydraulic power (excluding pumped storage)
Wind energy
Photovoltaic solar energy
Electricity from waste
Electricity from biogas
Other electricity produced using renewable fuelsoTo
Total renewable electricity production
Energy wood
Heat pump (net production)
Heat from waste
Heat from biogas
Thermal solar energy
Total thermal renewable heat production
Total renewable production
Total energy production in Rhône-Alpes
13
88,953
1,047
90,000
27,455
399
294
251
92
156
28,647
9,752
1,514
852
154
107
12,379
41,026
131,026
RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
Final energy consumption
The residential sector is the second largest consumer of energy in the Rhône-Alpes region with 4.3 Mtoe,
i.e. 28 % of the regional final energy consumption. Consumption of this sector has increased significantly
between 1990 and 2009, since when a slight downward trend is observed. Fossil fuels still predominate,
the share of gas is increasing while that of domestic fuels is reducing. The share of electricity is steadily
increasing.
Evolution of final energy consumption
5 000
4 500
4 000
3 500
3 000
2 500
Level 1990
2 000
Level 2000
1 500
(in ktoe)
1 000
500
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Rate of evolution
2012 - 2013 : - 4 %
2005 - 2013 : - 7 %
1990 - 2013 : +19 %
Evolution of the energy mix
100%
90%
Electricity
80%
Gas
70%
60%
Waste
50%
Thermal renewable energy
40%
Petroleum products
30%
Solid mineral fuels
20%
10%
0%
1990
2000
2012
2013
14
Greenhouse gas emissions
The residential sector accounts for 20% of GHG emissions of the Rhône-Alpes region in 2013, i.e. 8 million
tCO2e. Emissions have been dropping since 2005. The residential sector emissions increase less rapidly
than final energy consumption; the use of electric power, emitting less GHG than fossil fuels, explains this
situation.
Evolution of GHG emissions
12 000
10 000
8 000
Level 1990
6 000
Level 2000
(in ktCO2e)
4 000
2 000
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Rate of evolution
2012 - 2013 : - 6 %
2005 - 2013 : - 17 %
15
1990 - 2013 : +4 %
TERTIARY SECTOR
Final energy consumption
The tertiary sector represents 14% of final energy consumption in the Rhône-Alpes region, with 2.2 Mtoe in
2013. The consumption of the tertiary sector have been dropping since 2005, but is still nearly 19% above
the level of 1990. As for the residential sector, the share of fossil fuels decreases to the benefit of electricity,
which represents over 47% of consumption.
Evolution of final energy consumption
2 500
2 000
Level 1990
1 500
Level 2000
(in ktoe)
1 000
500
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Rate of evolution
2012 - 2013 : - 2 %
2005 - 2013 : - 8 %
1990 - 2013 : +19%
Evolution of the energy mix in the tertiary sector
100%
90%
80%
70%
Electricity
60%
Gas
50%
Waste
40%
Thermal renewable energy
30%
Petroleum products
20%
Solid mineral fuels
10%
0%
1990
2000
2012
2013
16
Greenhouse gas emissions
The tertiary sector represents 10% of greenhouse gas emissions, with 4.1 million tCO2e. If emissions of the
tertiary sector have been dropping since 2005, they tend to stagnate around the level of 2000. The evolution of the energy mix and the use of electricity explain the decline.
Evolution of GHG emissions
6 000
(in ktCO2e)
5 000
4 000
Level 1990
3 000
Level 2000
2 000
1 000
0
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Rate of evolution of GHG emissions
2012 - 2013 : -3 %
2005 - 2013 : -17 %
1990 - 2013 : +7 %
GHG emissions of buildings
(residential + tertiary) per municipality per inhabitant in 2013
Emissions in tCO2e per inhabitant
more than 4
3 to 4
2 to 3
1 to 2
0 to 1
17
INDUSTRY
Final energy consumption
The industrial sector consumes 27% of final energy with 4 Mtoe in 2013. Consumption of industry has been
decreasing since 2005, the effect of the crisis in 2009 and 2010 being significantly felt. Electricity is the most
used form of energy in industry in 2013.
Evolution of final energy consumption
6 000
5 000
4 000
Level 1990
3 000
Level 2000
2 000
(in ktoe)
1 000
0
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Rate of evolution
2012 - 2013 : - 1 %
2005 - 2013 : - 15 %
1990 - 2013 : - 14 %
Evolution of the energy mix in industry (in %)
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
Electricity
40%
Gas
30%
Waste
20%
Thermal renewable energy
10%
Petroleum products
0%
1990
2000
2012
18
2013
Solid mineral fuels
Greenhouse gas emissions
Industry emits 24% of GHG emissions of the Rhône-Alpes region, with 9.5 million tCO2e in 2013. The level
of industry emissions is 24% below that of 1990. 28% of emissions of greenhouse gases from industry are
non-energy emissions (industrial processes, solvents, waste treatment ...).
Evolution of GHG emissions
14 000
12 000
10 000
Level 1990
8 000
Level 2000
(in ktCO2e)
6 000
4 000
2 000
0
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Rate of evolution
2012 - 2013 : - 2 %
2005 - 2013 : - 17 %
1990 - 2013 : - 24 %
Share of energy and non-energy emissions in 2013
2,676
28 %
(in ktCO2e)
6,816
72 %
19
Energy emissions
Non-energy emissions
TRANSPORT
Final energy consumption
Transport is the largest consumer of energy, accounting for 30% of final energy consumption in the
Rhône-Alpes region, with 4.4 Mtoe. Fuel consumption is in slight but constant decline since 2004;
Road transport accounts for 95% of consumption in this sector which consumes almost exclusively
petroleum products.
Evolution of final energy consumption
5 000
4 500
4 000
3 500
3 000
2 500
Level 1990
2 000
Level 2000
1 500
(in ktoe)
1 000
500
0
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Rate of evolution
2012 - 2013 : 0 %
145
3%
2005 - 2013 : - 4 %
12
0%
92
2%
1990 - 2013 : +16%
Distribution of consumption per type
of transport
4,211
95 %
Air transport
River transport
Rail transport
Road transport
(in ktoe)
20
Greenhouse gas emissions
The transport sector is the sector that emits the most greenhouse gases, with 32% of GHG emissions in
the Rhône-Alpes region in 2013, i.e. 12.9 million tCO2e. The almost exclusive use of petroleum products
explains this important share. With the introduction of biofuels, greenhouse gas emissions are falling faster
than consumption.
Evolution of GHG emissions
16 000
14 000
12 000
10 000
8 000
Level 1990
6 000
Level 2000
(in ktCO2e)
4 000
2 000
0
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Rate of evolution
2012 - 2013 : 0 %
440
3%
2005 - 2013 : - 8 %
1990 - 2013 : +8 %
35
0 % 100
1%
Distribution of GHG
emissions per type of
transport in 2013
12,394
96 %
Air transport
River transport
Rail transport
Road transport
(in ktCO2e)
21
AGRICULTURE
Final energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissio
200
Evolution
of final energy
consumption
180
160
140
120
100
Level 1990
80
Level 2000
(in ktoe)
60
40
20
0
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Rate of evolution
2012 - 2013 : +4 %
2005 - 2013 : -3 %
1990 - 2013 : +13 %
8 000
7 000
6 000
Evolution of GHG
emissions
5 000
4 000
3 000
Level 1990
(in ktCO2e)
2 000
Level 2000
1 000
0
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Rate of evolution
2012 - 2013 : 0 %
2005 - 2013 : -6 %
22
1990 - 2013 : -18 %
ons
The share of energy consumption in agriculture is very low in terms of regional consumption, with 1% of
consumption, i.e. 183 ktoe. This consumption is relatively stable since 2000. Oil is the most consumed energy, particularly for operating agricultural machinery. Agriculture is nevertheless a significant contributor
of GHG emissions with 14% of Rhône-Alpes emissions (5.5 million tCO2e). Most of these emissions does not
come from energy consumption, but from livestock and crops.
Share of energy and non-energy emissions
473
9%
Energy emissions
Non-energy emissions
(in ktCO2e)
5,026
91 %
Evolution of energy and non energy emissions
8 000
7 000
6 000
5 000
4 000
(in ktCO2e)
3 000
2 000
1 000
0
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Non-energy emissions
Energy emissions
23
ENERGY USES
The use of energy in buildings in the Rhône-Alpes region is different if one takes the residential or tertiary
sector. The tertiary sector uses many specific electricity to run computers and other electronic equipment.
For the residential sector, 80% of the energy used is for heating and producing hot water. For transport,
almost two thirds of the energy consumed is to transport people.
Energy uses in the residential and tertiary sectors
Residential
Tertiary
100%
100%
90%
90%
Other uses
80%
70%
Other uses
80%
Lighting
Cooking
70%
Cooling
Cooling
60%
Washing
60%
DHW*
50%
Cooking
50%
Specific electricity
40%
Specific electricity
40%
Heating
30%
DHW*
30%
20%
Heating
20%
10%
10%
0%
0%
* Domestic Hot Water
Energy uses in transport
2,761
62 %
1,699
38 %
Transport of persons
(in ktoe)
Transport of goods
24
RhôneAlpes
PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
Production of renewable energy in the Rhône-Alpes region in 2013 was 41,026 GWh. It consists of 70%
electricity (mainly hydraulic power) and 30% heat (especially wood energy and heat pumps).
Structure of the production of renewable energy
23.8 %
3.7 %
2.1 %
0.6 %
1%
0.7 %
1.6 %
0.4 %
0.4 %
0.3 %
67.1 %
Hydraulic power (excluding pumped
storage)
Wood energy
Photovoltaics
Electricity from waste
Heat from biogas
Heating pumps
Other electricity produced using renewable fuels
Heat from waste
Thermal solar energy
Wind energy
Total production
131,026 GWh
Total consumption
176,503 GWh
Share of total production in final energy consumption
Share of renewable production in final energy consumption
Share of electricity in renewable production
Share of hydroelectricity in renewable production of electricity
Share of heat in renewable production
Share of wood energy in thermal renewable production
25
74.0 %
23.0 %
70,0 %
96.0 %
30.0 %
79.0 %
Electricity production from renewable energy
Production of renewable electricity in the Rhône-Alpes region in 2013 was 28,647 GWh, up by 11.4% since
2012. This increase is explained mainly by a sharp increase in hydropower generation. Some sectors have
seen their production drop (waste, wind energy) while others continue to expand (PV, biomass cogeneration).
Hydraulic production
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Hydraulic production in GWh (excluding pump storage)
25,271
21,494
23,461
17,650
24,636
27,455
Wind farms and production
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
WInd farms (MW)
141
145
169
169
169
WInd production (GWh)
346
351
350
417
399
Photovoltaic production
294
300
Electricity production (GWh)
260
250
200
200
150
98
(in GWh)
100
50
0
0,11
0,6
3,6
9,5
19,9
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
26
2011
2012
2013
Waste
251
274
251
Biogas
91
94
92
Others 17
30
153
Production of heat from renewable energy
Production of heat derives from renewable energy sources amount to 12,379 GWh in 2013. Wood
energy is the largest contributor (79%), with 9,752 GWh in 2013. In a fairly heavily wooded area, the
use of domestic wood is widespread (wood logs, but also pellets and wood chips). Renewable heat
consumption of heat pumps of individuals is estimated to 1,514 GWh. Thermal use is the main energy
use of waste (852 GWh) and biogas (154 GWh). The Eurostat methodology was used to account the
thermal solar heat.
Evolution of the production of heat from wood energy
12 000
10 000
8 000
6 000
(in GWh)
4 000
2 000
0
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Heat from waste
1000
900
800
(in GWh)
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
2009
2010
2011
27
2012
2013
Production of thermal solar energy
120
100
(in GWh)
80
60
40
20
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Heat from biogas
180
160
140
(in GWh)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
28
RhôneAlpes
Carbon sinks
The term «carbon sink» is used to describe natural (or artificial) reservoirs which absorb carbon in the air.
Carbon sinks are an essential tool in the fight against global warming because they can capture and store a
significant portion of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
The OREGES Rhône-Alpes tried to assess, as an initial approximation, the amount of CO2 absorbed by forests and permanent pastures by town per year, in the Rhône-Alpes region. This estimate takes into account forests and permanent prairie, according to the nomenclature and land use of the Corine Land Cover
database (2006 data). This mapping provides an initial overvieaw of the distribution of CO2 stored annually
per municipality in the Rhône-Alpes region.
Quantity of CO2 absorbed by forest and permanent pastures per municipality and
per year in the Rhône-Alpes region.
Absorption in tonnes of CO2
More than 15,000
10,000 to 15,000
2,500 to 10,000
0 to 2,500
kilometers
29
RhôneAlpes
Glossary
Final energy: Final energy is the energy supplied to consumers, to be converted to useful energy. For example : electricity, oil, gas, diesel fuel, domestic fuel, etc.
Primary energy: Primary energy is the crude form of energy available in nature : wood, coal, natural gas, oil, wind, solar
radiation, hydraulic power, geothermal energy… Primary energy is not always directly useable and is therefore often
subject to conversions : for example, oil refining to obtain oil or diesel fuel or combustion of coal to produce electricity
in a thermal power plant.
Useful energy: Useful energy is the energy available to the consumer after it has been converted by his equipment
(boilers, electric convectors, light bulbs). The difference between final energy and useful energy resides mainly in the
efficiency of the appliances used to convert this final energy.
Toe: The tonne oil equivalent (toe) is a unit for measuring energy commonly used by energy economists to compare
energy sources. One toe is the energy produced by the combustion of an average tonne of oil, which represents approximately 11,600 kWh.
TCO2e: Tonne of CO2 equivalent (tCO2e). Unit allowing equivalence to be provided between the various greenhouse gases
and carbon dioxide (CO2) in terms of production of greenhouse effect.
Energy intensity: Energy intensity measures the energy efficiency of an economy or sector of activity. It is calculated as
the ratio of energy consumption to gross domestic product, or the value added of the sector of activity.
The regional assessment of final energy consumption corresponds to the inventory of the use of different type of energy sources in regions. The measurements of the amounts of energy used express regional requirements in terms of
travel, lighting, heating, production of goods and services... The assessment of consumption differentiates energies and
sectors of consumption.
It is generally acknowledged that the consumption for heating is proportional to the severity of winter. The normal
weather assessement corresponds to adjusted consumption, taking into account the effects of temperature. Real
weather consumption is the one which has actually been consumed over the year.
The prefixes represent multiples of units : kilo (k, for a thousand), mega (M, for a million), giga (G, for a billion), tera (T,
for a trillion)
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RhôneAlpes
OREGES Rhône-Alpes
OREGES Rhône-Alpes : an observation and information tool
This publication is the result of the work of the regional greenhouse gas and energy observatory of the Rhône-Alpes
region (OREGES Rhône-Alpes).
OREGES Rhône-Alpes is since its creation in 2002, a partnership observatory State/Region.
At the end of 2014, the governance of Rhône-Alpes OREGES was merged with that of the Regional Observatory of Climate Change Effects (ORECC Rhône-Alpes).
Co-piloted by the State and the Region, the ORECC and the OREGES Rhône-Alpes are thus led and developed through a
common governance:
• The steering committee, consisting of the main financing bodies (DREAL - Region - ADEME - Water Agency);
• The technical committees that bring together technical representatives of the steering committee, operators and
main data suppliers and partners of the observatories;
• The orientation committee which brings together the network of partners and users of the observatories.
OREGES Rhône-Alpes : a platform for exchanging information about energy and
greenhouse gases
OREGES Rhône-Alpes aims to integrate the main public and private players of the energy sector :
• The State, represented by :
- the regional authority for the environment, planning and housing (DREAL) ;
- and the regional authority of the French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME) ;
• Rhône-Alpes regional Council ;
• Operators, at present RAEE and Air Rhône-Alpes ;
• French oil industries union (UFIP) ;
• French electricity union (UFE) ;
• Representatives of suppliers, carriers and distributors of energy : EDF, GDF SUEZ, RTE, GRTgaz, ErDF, GrDF
• Regional environmental, social and economic council (CESER) ;
• Public corporations and local authorities responsible for energy supply ;
• Info Energie Rhône-Alpes network (IERA) ;
• A representative from universities ;
• A representative from businesses ;
• The CLCV representing consumers.
Network operation of this partnership system is described in an exchange data agreement. The agreement specifies
the terms of membership and resignation of partners. It indicates how sharing data is secure within the observatory in
compliance with statistical and commercial secrets and proprietary rights.
For the implementation of its tasks, the technical committee relies on the operators. In 2015, operators mobilized by the
Rhône-Alpes OREGES are Rhônalpénergie-Environnement (RAEE) and the regional association of air quality monitoring,
Air Rhône-Alpes (AIR RA).
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The most recent regional and sub-regional mapping and statistical data, an analysis
of data and its development per energy product, per consumption sector, and per
energy production sector are available at :
www.oreges.rhonealpes.fr
and for further information or requests, contact us at :
oreges@rhonealpes.fr
Schedule of publications :
- April: Energy key figures in the Rhône-Alpes region, state of knowledge on energy in the Rhône-Alpes region
- September : Trend year N-1
Director of the publication: the steering committee of the climate observatories of the Rhône-Alpes region.
Technical structures that enabled the writing of this edition:
18 rue Gabriel Péri - 69100 Villeurbanne
Tel : 33 4 78 37 29 14 - Fax : 33 4 78 37 64 91
Email: raee@raee.org
Internet : www.raee.org
3 allée des Sorbiers - 69500 Bron
Tel : 33 9 72 26 48 90 - Fax : 33 9 72 15 65 64
Email: contact@air-rhonealpes.fr
Internet : www.air-rhonealpes.fr
May 2015 - Cocneption B. Chiapello - RAEE - Print on 100% recycled paper with vegetal inks
- May: Territorial data (climate energy profiles, indicators, maps)