CCST releaSeS inTeriM iP rePorT for STeM Cell inSTiTuTe

Transcription

FELLOW strong force in IP study
Today, policymakers turn to CCST more
and more for impartial analyses of issues
ranging from genetically modified foods to
energy to education. However, as CCST
Fellow and former Council Member Roger
Noll notes, achieving this status as an
independent source of advice has been a
gradual process.
"The first few years witnessed a long
up-hill struggle to obtain the confidence
of government officials, business leaders,
and academics who are involved in science
policy," said Noll. "With completion of the
CaliforniaReportontheEnvironmentforScience
and Technology (CREST), CCST demonstrated
its competence across the entire spectrum of
California policy issues."
Noll has been a part of this process for
many years. As a council member from
1995 through 2000, he helped oversee the
production of CREST and witnessed CCST's
transformation into an organization with
greater recognition and credibility at the
state and national levels. However, with
recognition sometimes comes controversy.
"Being an effective source of advice on
science and technology presents formidable
challenges, one of which is effective
communication," said Noll. "Delivering the
results of often difficult, arcane technical
analysis in plain but accurate reports that
are accessible to everyone is not easy. I
believe that CCST's recent interim report on
the intellectual property to be derived from
California's stem cell research program, for
example, has greatly elevated the debate not
only about the governance of the program,
but about the plausible role for stem
cell research in stimulating new medical
advancements."
Noll is the Morris M. Doyle Centennial
Professor of Public Policy in the Department
of Economics at Stanford University. He also
has a long affiliation with the Brookings
Institution in Washington, D.C., where he
has been a senior fellow, a visiting fellow,
and a non-resident senior fellow. He has won
a Guggenheim Fellowship, the Book Award
of the National Association of Educational
Broadcasters, and the Distinguished Service
Award of the Public Utilities Research Center.
He also received the 1994 Rhodes Prize for
Undergraduate Teaching from Stanford
University. This year, he has been an active
participant in the study group that crafted
the interim intellectual property (IP) report.
While this subject remains an important one
for the state, Noll is convinced that the real
challenge for California lies in maintaining
the competitiveness of its science and
technology workforce overall.
"To assure that California retains its
leadership in high-technology industries, the
state must improve its educational system,"
said Noll. "CCST has played a leadership
role in science education, and I hope that it
will not only continue in this role, but break
the logjam in state governance that thus far
has prevented adequate progress."
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CCST Releases Interim IP
report for stem cell Institute
Roger Noll
TheCCST ReportfocusesonCCSTactivitiesandhighlightsinnovativescienceandtechnologyresearchandapplicationsinCalifornia.TheReportiswrittenbyDanny
DeCillis,whowelcomesinformationfromreadersaboutscienceandtechnologyatworkintheprivate,public,andeducationsectors.TheReportthanksCCSTmembersfor
theirgenerousassistanceinprovidingmaterialforthisissue.IfyouwouldlikemoreinformationaboutCCSTinitiatives,pleasee-mailtherequesttoccst@ccst.us,orvisit
CCST’s website at http://www.ccst.us. Fax requests to (916) 492-0999 or telephone (916) 492-0996.
In August, CCST released its interim report on a framework for
intellectual property for the California Institute for Regenerative
Medicine (CIRM). The long-anticipated report has generated
considerable interest and has played an important role in the ongoing
discussions concerning CIRM’s operations.
“I want to commend the members of the California Council on
Science and Technology for their thoughtful and timely report,”
Assembly Member Gene Mullin said. “California is in a unique
position to create an intellectual property policy that is as forward
thinking as Proposition
This report will begin
“I want to commend the 71.
those discussions.”
members of the California The intellectual
(IP) interim
Council on Science and property
report,PolicyFramework
Technology for their thoughtful for Intellectual Property
Derived from Stem Cell
and timely report.”
Research in California,
released in partial
Gene Mullin was
response to Assembly
Assembly Member Concurrent Resolutions
California State Assembly (ACR) 252 and 24
authored by Assembly
Member Gene Mullin.
ACR 252, which was chaptered in September 2004, requested that
CCST conduct an analysis on how and whether to implement a set of
consistent statewide IP policies.
FollowingtheNovember2004passageofProposition71(theStem
Cell Research and Cures Initiative), which allocated $3 billion over 10
years to establish CIRM, CCST also agreed to prepare an interim report
tailored specifically to CIRM’s needs and faster timetable.
The IP Study Group, convened by CCST to recommend intellectual
property guidelines for the state, released the interim report to
begin a discussion and provide policymakers with a framework
for consideration in the development of policies for the handling of
intellectual property developed with state funds, especially in relation
to stem cell research.
“In this report our main objectives were to define the issues that
needed to be addressed, in particular how to respond to heightened
public expectations concerning financial returns from stem cell
research,” said Stephen Rockwood, co-chair of the committee which
produced the report. “Independent Citizens Oversight Committee
(ICOC) members and state leaders must realize that this field of
research is in its very early years. In all likelihood, the development
of effective therapies from CIRM-sponsored research is at least ten to
twenty years away.”
OverallthecommitteerecommendedthatCIRMadoptanapproach
to managing intellectual property that would be consistent with
related federal policies. As there are no other states as yet which have
established a comprehensive set of IP policies, the federal model was
felt to be most appropriate.
“Thereisconsiderableexperienceatthefederallevelfromagencies
such as the National Institutes of Health which should be useful to
California,” said co-chair Alan Bennett. “Fortunately, we have over
twentyyearsofdiscussionandexperimentationatthatfederallevelto
use as background for California in preparing its own set of policies.”
These recommendations include permitting ownership of the
intellectual property to reside with the grant recipients, with CIRM
retainingrightstousetheresearch,andfocusingonmaximizingaccess
to the research rather than controlling prices of the ultimate products
of this research.
“Theseissueshavebecomecontroversialinpartbecausesignificant
publicexpectationsofroyaltyrevenueswerecreatedwhenProposition
71 was being promoted,” said Rockwood. “The considered opinion of
thisgroupisthatthoseexpectationsarenotrealisticandnotconsistent
with established practice at the federal level.”
The interim IP report was originally structured to respond to ACR
24, which was drafted earlier this year and which requested that
CCST prepare the interim report en route to completing the charge of
ACR 252. However, ACR 24 continued to be amended through the
summer, with the result that the interim report does not address all of
the questions raised.
“We will address ACR 24 in the final report,” said Rockwood. “It is
our hope that the document at present may serve a useful purpose in
informing and guiding what is surely just the start of a much longer
discussion.”
continued on page 2
Inside this issue
Healthcare IT Has Big Promise for California
Capitol Happenings
2005 S&T Legislation Update
Teacher CPA Explores Serious Issue for California
Reserch Pays Off in the Long Run
Fellow Strong Force in IP Study
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5005 La Mart Dr, Ste 105
Riverside, CA 92507
California Council on
Science and Technology
Presorted Standard
Nonprofit Organization
U.S. Postage Paid
Hesperia, CA
Permit #164
IP Report continued from page 1
IP Study Group Recommendations
The IP Study Group’s recommendations in the interim report are
consistent with general principles likely to be recommended for statefunded research in the final report to be completed later this year.
These general principles assert that the IP policy:
• Is to be consistent with the Bayh-Dole Act.
This principle can play out in many ways that are of benefit to the
public. In particular, ownership of IP resides with the grantee, who is
requiredtodiligentlydevelopIPforthepublic. Inaddition,thebalance
of any net royalties must be used to support research and education
activities.
• Creates incentives for commerce in California from state-funded
research to the greatest extent possible.
• Encourages timely publication of results to diffuse knowledge
widely, and provide guidance on the kinds of data that are
desired to be placed in the public domain or available under open
source, Creative Commons, or other broad-use licenses, including
software and special databases.
• Requires diligent development of IP into products that benefit the
public.
With these general principles in mind, the IP Study Group recommends
that CIRM consider policies that accomplish the following:
•
Permit grantees to own IP rights from CIRM-funded research.
•
Require grantees (institutions, individuals, or both) to provide a plan
describing how IP will be managed for the advancement of science
and benefit to California.
•
Grant basic research funds without requiring grantees to commit
to providing a revenue stream to the state. If, however, a revenue
stream develops over time, revenues will be reinvested in research
and education.
•
Generally make CIRM-developed research tools widely available to
other researchers.
•
Require diligent efforts to develop CIRM-funded IPinto therapeutics
and diagnostics that can benefit the public.
•
Retain within CIRM Bayh-Dole-like rights to step in if the owner of IP
isnotundertakingappropriatestepstotransfertechnologytobenefit
the public.
•
Leave license particulars to the owner who is in the best position to
judge how best to ensure that discoveries are made widely available
through commercialization or otherwise.
•
Reserve the right to use IP by or on behalf of CIRM.
•
Establish and maintain a CIRM database to track all IP generated
through CIRM funding.
The release of the interim IP report has garnered considerable media attention. The San Jose Mercury News, San Francisco Chronicle, San
DiegoTribune,SacramentoBee,andLosAngelesTimeshaveallcoveredthereport’srelease,withseveralarticlesechoingpublicconcerns about
the report’s suggestion that a strong royalty revenue stream is not realistic.
“Last week, the council issued a report explaining
why the state shouldn’t count on a quick shower of
wealth from the $6-billion Propostion 71 investment
in embryonic stem cell research. The report observed
that an attempt by the Legislature to mandate a specific
financial return from all commercial stem cell treatments
derived from state grants would, in fact, discourage the
commercialization of such treatments. It observed that
useful research in biotech and other fields developed at
a snail’s pace until the federal government abandoned a
similar mandate in 1980.”
Los Angeles Times
September 1, 2005
IP Study Group Co-Chairs Stephen Rockwood and Alan Bennett
“...it is unrealistic for the state to expect a huge payback
on Proposition 71. The report examined federal policy
over the last 25 years since the passage of the federal
Bayh-Dole Act, which governs the use of federal funds
at research universities. Bayh-Dole has been extremely
goodatpushingbasicresearch...buthasestablishedlittle
track record for financial payoffs to the government.
Numerous people, including scientists affiliated with
thefundingbodiescreatedbyProposition71,havecited
Bayh-Dole as the proper model for stem cell research in
California.”
Capitol Weekly News
September 22, 2005
2
CCST Report, October 2005
ind
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California is a leader in technological innovation. In this section,
CCST Report focuses on how California’s major industries and universities are
workingtomaintaincutting-edgeresearchprograms,andencouragestudentinterest
in science and technology.
Research Pays Off in
the Long Run
Medical breakthroughs do not occur overnight. In the life
in the other drugs we have in the pipeline," said Graham. "It was
sciences, development of a research finding into a new drug or FDAa long process. SYMLIN represents the culmination of 18 years of
approved treatment typically takes at least a decade. Investments in
research in diabetes."
excess of several hundred million dollars are usually needed to bring
During those 18 years, Amylin scientists helped both to improve
a product to market. Consequently when a treatment does reach
the understanding of the physiology of diabetes and to develop a
the final stages of development, it is very good news for everyone
new and effective treatment.
involved.
Amylin has been fortunate to obtain approval for its two diabetes
Amylin Pharmaceuticals, a company founded in 1987, has finally
medications. A company that stakes its future on the success of a
begun seeing the fruits of its labors with the
narrow group of drugs may soon flounder
FDA approval of two diabetes medications,
if clinical trials don't go well, or if those
SYMLIN® (pramlintide acetate) injection
products do not earn FDA approval.
“The
approval
of
SYMLIN,
a
in March 2005, and BYETTA® (exenatide)
"A great deal of this depth comes
injection in April 2005. The two drugs are the first-in-classtherapy,wasamajor
from our approach to research, which
first that Amylin has successfully brought to
milestone for us. ... It was a long is to identify peptide hormones and
market.
characterize utility before determining
"Successfully managing diabetes is a process. SYMLIN represented
potential targets," added Graham. "We've
daily struggle for millions of Americans,"
developed our own library of peptides and
the
culmination
of
18
years
of
said Ginger L. Graham, president and chief
characterized their functions; it's a resource
executive officer, Amylin Pharmaceuticals, research in diabetes. ”
we believe is unique in the industry." In
Inc. "Often, current treatments do not
many research processes, libraries of
provide adequate blood sugar control. The
uncharacterized compounds are screened
development of SYMLIN and BYETTA offer
against a known drug target.
Ginger
Graham
significant new treatment opportunities for
"For us, it has been a lengthy process,
people with diabetes."
President and CEO
but our focus has paid off," said Graham.
Amylin was founded after the discovery
"Amylin has contributed much to the
Amylin Pharmaceuticals
of a peptide hormone, amylin, produced
understanding of diabetes, and is now
by the same cells of the pancreas that make
bringing new treatment options to
insulin. Since then, the company has built
physicians and their patients. Through our continued efforts in
a strong foundation on research and development in related areas.
research and development, we look forward to advancing innovative
Amylin's researchers concentrate primarily on investigating the
new medicines with the potential to significantly change patient care
potential utility of new peptide hormone candidates, leveraging
in the years to come."
highly focused expertise to develop drugs to treat diabetes, obesity,
and cardiovascular disease.
Because the drug development
process is so lengthy, investors must
typically wait years for returns on
investment. Researchersmustconduct
three phases of clinical trials to show
that a drug's benefits outweigh its
side effects, and that its therapeutic Byetta is the first in a new class of drugs to treat type 2 diabetes. It is a synthetic version of exendin-4, a naturallyaction works better than a placebo. occurring hormone.
Depending on the complexity of the
new drug and the nature of the disease
Upcoming CCST events
being treated, it may take thousands of patients and several years
before statistically significant data emerge to confirm that a drug
OCTOBER 19 – 20, 2005. Irvine
works. The development program for SYMLIN involved over 5,000
patients in 12 years of clinical research. BYETTAclinical studies have
Board and Council meeting and dinner program at
included over 3,000 patients in the last 6 years.
the Beckman Center. Keynote speaker is Molly Coye,
With so much at stake, drugs in the pipeline are watched closely
founder and CEO of the Health Technology Center
at each stage. In August, positive clinical trial results for an as-yet
(HealthTech).
unapproved, long-acting formulation of BYETTA generated strong
interest in Amylin's stock, despite the fact that the new formulation
JANUARY 31 – FEBRUARY 1, 2006. Sacramento
is still under investigation and will not be commercialized for some
Board and Council meeting and dinner program.
time.
"The approval of SYMLIN, a first-in-class therapy, was a major
milestone for us. It is the first new therapy approved for type
MAY 23 – 24, 2006. Sacramento
1 diabetes since the discovery of insulin, over 80 years ago. It
Council meeting and dinner program.
validates our focus on peptide hormones as potentially useful
human medicines, which in turn led to significantly higher interest
7
#T
eachers
California’s K-12 education system is the largest in the nation, with
which will serve as the basis for an integrated document which will offer
over six million students and three hundred thousand teachers. Building
recommendationstothestateandtotheinstitutionsinvolvedinteacher
an understanding of how to work within such a system in the face of
production and professional development. The study, which is being
significant shortfalls is no easy task.
funded by the Stuart Foundation, is scheduled for completion in 2006.
“Gaps in the collection, use, and availability of data seriously
compromise efforts to plan and monitor the teacher workforce at both
thestateandlocallevels,”saidMargaretGaston,executivedirectorofthe
CenterfortheFutureofTeachingandLearning(theCenter). “Thisleaves
PRINCIpAl INVeSTIGATORS
policymakersandeducationofficialswithlittlein-depthunderstandingof
thecurrentshortageofqualifiedteachers,theinequitabledistributionof
fully qualified teachers, or a clear picture of future workforce needs.”
Science Teacher Preparation
Teacher Preparation in Private
Herbert Brunkhorst
Institutions
AsCCST’s2002report,CriticalPathAnalysisofCalifornia’sScienceand
College of Education
Eugenia Mora-Flores
TechnologyEducationSystemindicated,manystudentsaregraduating
California State University, San
Rossier School of Education
without the basic skills needed to succeed in California’s high-tech
Bernardino
University of Southern California
industries. That study called on industry, academic, and government
leaderstoworktogethertooverhaulscienceandengineeringeducation,
Recruitment of Qualified
Science Teacher Professional
toincreaseenrollmentinthesesubjects,andtoexpandthestate’sability
Science and Mathematics
Development
to research S&T educational issues. Further research by the Center has
Teachers
Dan Walker
underscored what appears to be a serious shortage of qualified math
Mathematics and Science Teacher
Pamela Clute
andscienceteachers. Toformulaterecommendationsforaddressingthis
Outreach and Educational
Education Program (MASTEP)
shortage, a great deal of groundwork needs to be done in order to define
Partnerships
College of Science
University of California, Riverside
and quantify the science and math workforce and skills gap and identify
San Jose State University
appropriatestrategiesforCaliforniatoenhanceitsproductionofscience
Math Teacher Preparation
Data Collection and Analysis-UC
and math teachers.
Judy Kasabian
Patrick Callahan
“We need reliable data to monitor the match between teachers’
Division of Mathematical Sciences
Mathematician in Residence
assignmentsandtheircredentials,understandwhatattractsteachersto
El Camino College
University of California Office of the
theprofession,anddeterminewhatcontributestotheirdecisiontoleave
President
Math Teacher Professional
it,”saidCCSTExecutiveDirector, Susan Hackwood. “Without such data,
Data Gathering and Analysis
Development
itisverydifficulttoeffectivelydeterminewhatstrategiesmaybeeffective
Using SRI Data Sets
Yvonne Lux
in boosting our science and math teacher workforce.”
The Educational Research and
Patrick Shields
For their ongoing joint project, California’s Math and Science Teacher
Leadership Institute
Center for Education Policy
Shortage:ACriticalPathAnalysis,CCSTandtheCenterhaveassembleda
California Lutheran University
SRI International
teamofeightresearchersfromacrossthestatetoexaminedifferentaspects
of science and math teacher production, retention, and professional
development. Each member brings a different range of expertise to the
table, as well as access to a wide variety of data sources.
“While a variety of public and private institutions
gather a great deal of data on teachers — including
the California Department of Education, the California
2000
Commission on Teacher Credentialing, the California
State Teachers’ Retirement System, and universities
that prepare teachers — these data sources cannot
provide some of the most basic information about the
teacher workforce on a regular basis,” added Gaston.
1500
“Becausetheseagencieswereestablishedtoperform
specific, independent functions that are not linked
by a common plan for data use, they act in isolation
and make decisions that often prevent their data from
being used in analyses of the state’s overall teacher
1000
workforce.”
CCST and the Center are drawing upon the
cooperation of CCST’s constituent institutions to
bring together as wide a range of data sources as
possible, including some not normally made public. In
500
addition, with the assistance of the California Teacher
Advisory Council (Cal TAC), CCST and the Center
are conducting their own surveys of science and math
teachers to obtain some of the missing pieces of the
puzzleonwhyteachersstayintheteachingprofession
0
or go into other careers.
Mathematics
Life Science
Physical Science
“We are particularly excited about the prospect of
leveraging Cal TAC members’ experience and ability
Underprepared High School eachers
T
to tap into the science and math teacher workforce
to gather new data for this study,” said Hackwood.
Fully Cr
edentialed Out-of-Field & Under
prepared High School eachers
T
“Cal TAC will be playing an important role in the
production of this analysis, and will make sure that we
areaccuratelyreflectingtheexpertiseoftheclassroom Number of Out-of-Field and Underprepared High School Teachers in Mathematics and
as well as the researchers.”
Science, 2003-2004. Source: California’s Teaching Force 2004
Aswiththe2002CriticalPathAnalysis,theindividual
researchers will produce separate standalone studies
6
HEALTHCARE IT Has Big Promise for California
America spends $1.7 trillion on healthcare each year, but the system
remainshighlyinefficient. High-techtreatmentsabound,butsomeofthe
simplerthings,suchaskeepingtrackofapatient’schart,canbechallenging.
Healthcareinformationtechnology(HIT)isafieldthatoffersawiderange
ofinformationtechnologyapplicationstohelpadministerhealthcaremore
effectively, potentially saving more than $77 billion a year.
Because of the importance of this issue to the state, CCST has focused
attention this year on HIT, with the goal of identifying S&T areas where
CCST could effectively assist the state in understanding and evaluating
healthcare IT options. Under the leadership of CCST, Council Members
Stephen Ryan, president of the Doheny Eye Institute, Francine Berman,
director of the San Diego Super Computer Center, Alfonso Cardenas,
ESTIMATeD INeFFICIeNCIeS ASSOCIATeD
LACK OF A HeAlTHCARe IT SYSTeM
WITH
A
• Without sharing patient records electronically, 30%
of the time, physicians could not find information
previously recorded in a paper chart
• Thesamedrugor radiologyexam was ordered 11% of
the time
• Physicians were not aware of 1 in 4 prescriptions that
a patient had been given
• 1 in 7 admissions and 1 in 5 lab tests and radiology
examswereorderedbecauseearlierresultscouldn’tbe
retrieved
• Typical physician receives test results from 5 or more
locations
• Cost of tracking down and obtaining information can
range from $12 to $28 per visit
Source:ElectronicMedicalRecords–GettingitRightandGoingtoScale,
W.EdwardHammond,III,CommonwealthFundbackgroundpaper;via
CalRHIO, January 2004.
professor of computer science at UCLA, and CCST Board
Member Steven Bruckman, executive vice chancellor for
the California Community Colleges, the council meeting
in October will focus on HIT systems. This meeting will be
conducted in collaboration with the Institute of Medicine
(IOM).
“California trails other states that have already passed
enabling legislation for the implementation of healthcare
IT statewide,” said Ryan. “There are significant up-front
costs involved, but overall, IT will ultimately reduce
healthcare costs dramatically.” The costs in the early
years are a disincentive – the RAND Corporation estimates
implementation could cost $8 billion a year, and savings
from efficiencies will not appear until later.
One of the biggest HIT goals would be the creation
of a statewide data exchange system and integration of
the healthcare system. While there are many logistical
obstacles to designing and implementing such a system,
this integration could significantly improve the efficiency
of healthcare. In one study, according to the California
Regional Health Information Organization (CalRHIO),
physicians could not find information previously recorded
inpapercharts30%ofthetimeandweren’tawareof25%of
prescriptions given to patients. In addition, data exchange
systemsmaysignificantlyhelpmaintainconsistentmedical
treatmentforvictimsofnaturaldisasters,suchasHurricane
Katrina, which displaced hundreds of thousands of
peopleanddestroyedcountlesspaperrecordsthatmaybe
impossible to reconstruct.
A variety of experts participating in the CCST/IOM
meeting, include Roger Taylor, consultant with the RAND
Corporation; Judy Ozbolt, scholar, Institute of Medicine;
Jack Lewin, CEO and executive vice president of the
California MedicalAssociation; Jeff Rose, CEO and founder, HealthAlliant;
andRickCraft,projectlead,TelemedicineReferenceArchitectureProject,
Sandia National Laboratories. The keynote speaker will be Molly Coye,
founder and CEO of the Health Technology Center (HealthTech).
As Coye points out, understanding how best to fix the state’s ailing
system is partly a question of deciding where to invest limited resources
and time.
“Whatwedo[atHealthTech]isprovideobjectivetechnologyforecasts,
innovative decision making tools, and expert learning networks,” said
Coye. “This helps enable organizations to adopt the most effective
technologies with the least amount of disruption.”
Some of healthcare IT’s greatest promise lies in the integration
of currently disparate data systems and the healthcare enterprise’s
informationnetworks. However,suchstepsfaceseveralbarriers,including
the lack of a trusted third party administrator for such a system and the
lack of a viable business model. There exist, however, new technologies
that can improve local efficiencies.
“The first and simplest of these emerging technologies is wireless
communication systems,” said Coye. “Thanks to significant
improvementsinthepastfiveyears,real-time,efficientcommunications
are now practical to implement. One such example is the Vocera system
thatallowsstaffwearingasmalldevicetousespeechrecognitiontoreach
any other individual in the hospital. The direct results of these wireless
communication systems are faster and more direct response times,
reduced phone tag, and greater capacity for multitasking.”
HealthTech prepares its forecasts for over 45 partner organizations,
including many hospitals both in California and elsewhere in the U.S. For
each of these partners, different solutions may be appropriate.
“Taking full advantage of IT systems is important, but the focus
should be on obtaining the greatest return on investment,” said Coye.
“An organization need only utilize those capabilities in their IT systems
thatprovidethegreatestbenefittotheirbusinessprocesses.Sinceevery
business is different, their utilization of a given IT system will vary
according to their particular situation.”
CCST’s healthcare IT committee will be helping California set priorities
and develop an agenda and recommendations appropriate to the state.
“Healthcareorganizationsinthestateshouldworkhardtolearnfromthe
experiencesofearlyadopters,”saidCoye.“Inthisway,theycandetermine
how the state can best focus its healthcare IT strategies overall.”
350
280
$ billions
Teacher CPA explores serious Issue for California
210
140
70
0
2004200520062007200820092010201
1 2012201320142015201620172018
Inpatient Setting, Cumulative Savings - Cumulative Costs
Outpatient Setting, Cumulative Savings - Cumulative Costs
Inpatient Setting,
Yearly Savings Ye
- arly Costs
Outpatient Setting,
Yearly Savings Ye
- arly Costs
Net Potential Benefits (Savings - Costs) with adoption of Healthcare Information Technology at the
National Level for the Inpatient and Outpatient Settings. Source: RAND
3
Capitol HAPPENINGS
CCST’s mission is to focus California’s science and technology talent on important policy issues facing the state. However, there is little communication back to the
S&T community on what is happening in the legislative and executive branches of state government that could impact, or be impacted by science and technology.
“Capitol Happenings” is a section of the CCST Report that provides a brief summary and update on what is going on in state government, be it new action from the
Governor’s Office, legislative committees or new legislation. Material for this article was contributed by Gus Koehler, principal consultant of Time Structures.
GOVeRNOR
Governor Schwarzenegger says California will be a national leader in
addressing global warming. “The debate is over. We know the science. We
see the threat posed by changes in our climate,” Schwarzenegger wrote in
London’s Independent newspaper: “And we know the time for action is
now.” The Governor set the goal of reducing greenhouse gas output 80% by
2050—eclipsing Britain’s goal for the same period and bringing praise from
the British government’s chief scientific adviser. Aclimate change research
conference held in Sacramento recently focused researchers, regulators and
policymakers on how California could address human-induced climate
change. The Governor also wants to increase the state’s total solar output
fromabout101megawattsto3,000megawattsby2018,andheaimstohosta
series of “conservation summits” for businesses across the state, “spreading
the word that pollution reduction is good.”
Governor Schwarzenegger’s administration will use high technology to
track sexual predators. Sex offenders will soon be fitted with a transmitter
that uses global positioning technology to track their every move. The satellite
based system is part of a pilot program led by the California Department of
Corrections and Rehabilitation with help from local law enforcement.
California has a new Department of Technology Services (DTS) that will
coordinatethestate’smassivedatasystemsandcomputernetworks.Thenew
department, under the directorship of P. K. Agarwal, will bring together the
state’s existing data centers to avoid duplication and improve efficiency. DTS
will consolidate and modernize California’s information technology system.
Leading California’s effort to combat obesity, Governor Schwarzenegger
signed landmark legislation, SB 12 and SB 965 by Senator Escutia, and SB
281 by Senator Maldonado, to bring healthy food and drinks into California’s
schools.
ENeRGY
The Governor’s reorganization plan to establish a Department of Energy
received a negative evaluation by the Little Hoover Commission and doesn’t
appear to be going anywhere soon. The Governor has also shelved his plan
to reorganize the California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA).
The California Energy Commission’s Public Interest Energy Research
(PIER) program has contributed to several new technical briefs on energy
efficiency in buildings including briefs on classroom lighting; small heating,
ventilation and air conditioning systems; modular skylights; compact
fluorescent downlights; hybrid lighting fixtures; and a brief describing
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’s Residential Commissioning
Guide. The California Clean Energy Fund (CalCEF) plans to award a $1
million grant to establish and maintain the world’s leading university center
on energy efficiency. The $30 million public benefit investment fund was
created as part of the Pacific Gas and Electric bankruptcy settlement. An
as yet to be named Northern California university will be awarded the
grant to develop an international leadership position in the development
of energy efficiency technologies and the removal of barriers to their rapid
commercialization.
“Advances in health care
technology are essential to
improving patient care for
all Californians.”
Wilma Chan
Chair
Assembly Committee on Health
INFRASTRUCTURe
The Earthquake Hazards Program has released details about new realtime maps on earthquake probabilities in California and U.S. Geological
Survey public Web pages. Following Hurricane Katrina, these maps will
help shape the growing interest in how to prepare California for major
natural disasters.
The Public Policy Institute of California released California 2025, a report
of project findings regarding the state’s coming infrastructure challenges.
The study is a major examination of the state’s infrastructure and the
challenges California may face over the next 20 years. Presentations were
made to legislative and administration staffers. A recent report published
by the RAND Corporation, “California’s K-12 Public Schools: How Are
they Doing?,” finds serious challenges ahead for California’s kindergarten
to 12th grade (K-12) education system. The report suggests that California
trails the nation in a number of indicators that measure school and student
performance including school funding, teacher quality, school facilities, and
academic and non-academic student achievement. The California Budget
Project, and the Public Policy Institute of California have published a
number of recent studies on employment, the minimum wage, the income
gap between high and low income California, and healthcare costs. The new
University of Southern California Public Policy Center has begun to make
presentations and to publish briefs on healthcare and education issues.
Improving healthcare access, cost and efficiency is a national challenge.
Demonstrating California’s leadership, innovation and commitment to
addressing this challenge, the California Public Employees’ Retirement
System (CalPERS) and Blue Cross of California presented plans to
implement a high-speed telecommunication pilot program to link 90,000
members in remote rural areas with healthcare specialists beginning January
2006. CalPERS will be the first employer purchaser in California to include
telemedicine as a specific rural benefit.
2005 S&T LEGISLATION UPDATE
2005 is the first year of the Legislature’s two year session. CCST tracked 78
S&T related bills. Twenty-eight passed out of the Legislature and are either on
theGovernor’sdeskorhavebeenchaptered.Thelargestnumberofenrolledbills
involved energy, alternative fuels, and air emissions. Anumber of active bills
are still moving through Senate orAssembly committees. Legislation that has
beenenrolledandsenttotheGovernororchapteredisbolded. Furtherdetailson
individuallegislationcanbeobtainedat:http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/bilinfo.html.
Listed below are some of the S&T related legislation CCST is tracking. Note the
significant number of bills dealing with healthcare information technology.
HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
AB 225 (Negrete McLeod) Encourages the use of e-health technology
and clarifies that entities responsible for the administration of
healthcare services can equip providers with hardware and software to promote electronic prescribing.
AB 354 (Cogdill) Expands the definition of telemedicine to include
"store and forward" technology for dermatology and opthamology, in which information is transmitted and reviewed at a later
time by medical professionals, and allows Medi-Cal reimbursement for these services.
AB 522 (Plescia) Clarifies policy on automated drug delivery systems,
restricting access to licensed personnel in skilled and intermediate nursing facilities. Also prohibits Medi-Cal coverage of erectile dysfunction prescriptions for registered sex offenders.
AB 1388 (Ridley-Thomas) Establishes two grant programs: 1) to demonstrate the benefits of using the state's telecommunications
networks to deliver supplemental educational services; and 2) a
grant program to demonstrate the use of telemedicine resources
within a community.
AB 1672 (Nation) Would require healthcare facilities, health insurers and
healthcare service plans to record all healthcare information
they obtain in an electronic record keeping system.
SB 7
(Figueroa) Restricts disclosure of personal information, as specified, that is contained in public records and that would otherwise be public.
4
SB 13 (Bowen) This bill permits state agencies to release personal
information to the University of California or a nonprofit educational institution conducting scientific research only if the
research proposal has been reviewed and approved by the
Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects (the state's
Institutional Review Board) for the Health and Human Services
Agency.
STEM CELL
ACR 1 (Negrete McLeod) Urges the Independent Citizen's Oversight
Committee to adopt robust conflict-of-interest procedures;
maintain open meetings and public records; work to ensure that
therapies are available to low-income residents; and report to
the Legislature by January 1, 2006.
SB 18 (Ortiz) Prohibits human oocytes or embryos from being
acquired, sold, received, or otherwise transferred for valuable
consideration for medical research or development of medical
therapies; also requires the State Auditor to audit the California
Institute for Regenerative Medicine and ICOC.
SCA 13 (Ortiz) A proposed constitutional amendment that requires
ICOC to operate subject to California open meeting laws;
ensure that therapies developed through CIRM would be
accessible to low-income residents; and ensure that ICOC
members disclose potential conflicts of interest. This bill is
inactive.
SJR 17 (Ortiz) Asks Congress and the President of the United States to
lift restrictions on federal funding for stem cell research; also
requests that human cloning be prohibited.
HEALTH AND MEDICAL RESEARCH
AB 1062 (Saldaña) Expands informed consent laws, allowing medical
research subjects the right to review all the laboratory reports or
any other analysis regarding specimens taken from the subject.
AB 1273 (Saldaña) This bill would declare that it is the intent of the
Legislature to enact legislation that would create a statewide
advisory panel on bioethics.
SB 12 (Escutia) Requires the sale of all foods on elementary school
grounds to comply with nutrition standards which restrict total
fat and calories and provide for acceptable levels of specified
nutrients.
SB 281 (Maldonado) The California Fresh Start Program, which
requires that fruits and vegetables be made more widely available to students and authorizes extra funding to support this.
SB 849 (Berg) Would establish the Interagency Office of Environmental
Health Tracking for the purpose of implementing the California
Health Tracking Program, coordinating multiple health and
environmental surveillance data collection efforts.
SB 965 (Escutia) Restricts the sale of beverages to pupils at elementary
and middle or junior high schools of certain specified beverages,
requiring increased distribution of milk and fruit or vegetablebased drinks with no added sweeteners.
AGRICULTURE AND FOOD
AB 984 (Laird) Provides that the manufacturer of a genetically engineered (GE) plant is liable to any farmer, grain and seed cleaner,
handler, or processor in cases where the plant has caused economic damage or loss.
ENERGY, ALTERNATIVE FUELS, AND AIR EMISSIONS
AB 838 (Saldaña) Provides tax credits for hybrid, alternative fuel, zeroemission, and ultra-low emission vehicles.
AB 1007 (Pavley) Requires the State Energy Resources Conservation
and Development Commission, in consultation with the State
Water Resources Control Board, the Department of Food and
Agriculture, and other relevant state agencies, to develop a state
plan to increase the use of alternative transportation fuels by
2007. The plan should optimize public health and environmental benefits while minimizing costs to the state.
AB 1660 (Pavley) Creates the California Energy-Efficient Vehicle Group
Purchase Program in the Department of General Services to
encourage the purchase of energy-efficient vehicles by local and
state agencies through a group-purchasing program.
SB 250
(Campbell) Adds hydrogen fuels to the list of fuels for which
the Department of Food and Agriculture sets standards.
SB 497 (Simitian) Requires the state to develop a strategy to better control emissions from vehicles used in construction, in a cost-effective manner.
SB 757 (Kehoe) Would require public agency fleet operators to purchase
alternative fuel vehicles and advanced transportation technologies where technologically feasible and cost-effective.
SB 1003 (Escutia) Would enact the Liquefied Natural Gas Evaluation and
Terminal Permitting Act, establishing a permitting process for
the construction and operation of liquefied natural gas terminals.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
SB 97 (Murray) Outlaws e-mail spam in California, makes unsolicited
commercial email advertising a misdemeanor offense punishable by a $1000 fine and six months in jail.
SB 1028 (Bowen) Bans "internet hunting," prohibiting the shooting or
killing of any bird or mammal via the internet.
AEROSPACE AND WORKFORCE
ACR 7 (S. Runner) Congratulates and expresses the Legislature's appreciation for the achievements of SpaceShipOne and the efforts of
the team of Paul Allen, Burt Rutan, and pilots Mike Melvill and
Brian Binnie in making privately funded manned space flight a
commercial reality.
SCR 14 (G. Runner) Designated April 12, 2005 as California Space Day
in recognition of the satellite industry's contributions to the state
of California.
CALIFORNIA COUNCIL ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
ACR 24 (Mullin) Expands the scope of the CCST Study Group developing intellectual property recommendations to include contracts,
grants, and agreements developed under Proposition 71, the
Stem Cell Research and Cures Initiative.
5
Capitol HAPPENINGS
CCST’s mission is to focus California’s science and technology talent on important policy issues facing the state. However, there is little communication back to the
S&T community on what is happening in the legislative and executive branches of state government that could impact, or be impacted by science and technology.
“Capitol Happenings” is a section of the CCST Report that provides a brief summary and update on what is going on in state government, be it new action from the
Governor’s Office, legislative committees or new legislation. Material for this article was contributed by Gus Koehler, principal consultant of Time Structures.
GOVeRNOR
Governor Schwarzenegger says California will be a national leader in
addressing global warming. “The debate is over. We know the science. We
see the threat posed by changes in our climate,” Schwarzenegger wrote in
London’s Independent newspaper: “And we know the time for action is
now.” The Governor set the goal of reducing greenhouse gas output 80% by
2050—eclipsing Britain’s goal for the same period and bringing praise from
the British government’s chief scientific adviser. Aclimate change research
conference held in Sacramento recently focused researchers, regulators and
policymakers on how California could address human-induced climate
change. The Governor also wants to increase the state’s total solar output
fromabout101megawattsto3,000megawattsby2018,andheaimstohosta
series of “conservation summits” for businesses across the state, “spreading
the word that pollution reduction is good.”
Governor Schwarzenegger’s administration will use high technology to
track sexual predators. Sex offenders will soon be fitted with a transmitter
that uses global positioning technology to track their every move. The satellite
based system is part of a pilot program led by the California Department of
Corrections and Rehabilitation with help from local law enforcement.
California has a new Department of Technology Services (DTS) that will
coordinatethestate’smassivedatasystemsandcomputernetworks.Thenew
department, under the directorship of P. K. Agarwal, will bring together the
state’s existing data centers to avoid duplication and improve efficiency. DTS
will consolidate and modernize California’s information technology system.
Leading California’s effort to combat obesity, Governor Schwarzenegger
signed landmark legislation, SB 12 and SB 965 by Senator Escutia, and SB
281 by Senator Maldonado, to bring healthy food and drinks into California’s
schools.
ENeRGY
The Governor’s reorganization plan to establish a Department of Energy
received a negative evaluation by the Little Hoover Commission and doesn’t
appear to be going anywhere soon. The Governor has also shelved his plan
to reorganize the California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA).
The California Energy Commission’s Public Interest Energy Research
(PIER) program has contributed to several new technical briefs on energy
efficiency in buildings including briefs on classroom lighting; small heating,
ventilation and air conditioning systems; modular skylights; compact
fluorescent downlights; hybrid lighting fixtures; and a brief describing
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’s Residential Commissioning
Guide. The California Clean Energy Fund (CalCEF) plans to award a $1
million grant to establish and maintain the world’s leading university center
on energy efficiency. The $30 million public benefit investment fund was
created as part of the Pacific Gas and Electric bankruptcy settlement. An
as yet to be named Northern California university will be awarded the
grant to develop an international leadership position in the development
of energy efficiency technologies and the removal of barriers to their rapid
commercialization.
“Advances in health care
technology are essential to
improving patient care for
all Californians.”
Wilma Chan
Chair
Assembly Committee on Health
INFRASTRUCTURe
The Earthquake Hazards Program has released details about new realtime maps on earthquake probabilities in California and U.S. Geological
Survey public Web pages. Following Hurricane Katrina, these maps will
help shape the growing interest in how to prepare California for major
natural disasters.
The Public Policy Institute of California released California 2025, a report
of project findings regarding the state’s coming infrastructure challenges.
The study is a major examination of the state’s infrastructure and the
challenges California may face over the next 20 years. Presentations were
made to legislative and administration staffers. A recent report published
by the RAND Corporation, “California’s K-12 Public Schools: How Are
they Doing?,” finds serious challenges ahead for California’s kindergarten
to 12th grade (K-12) education system. The report suggests that California
trails the nation in a number of indicators that measure school and student
performance including school funding, teacher quality, school facilities, and
academic and non-academic student achievement. The California Budget
Project, and the Public Policy Institute of California have published a
number of recent studies on employment, the minimum wage, the income
gap between high and low income California, and healthcare costs. The new
University of Southern California Public Policy Center has begun to make
presentations and to publish briefs on healthcare and education issues.
Improving healthcare access, cost and efficiency is a national challenge.
Demonstrating California’s leadership, innovation and commitment to
addressing this challenge, the California Public Employees’ Retirement
System (CalPERS) and Blue Cross of California presented plans to
implement a high-speed telecommunication pilot program to link 90,000
members in remote rural areas with healthcare specialists beginning January
2006. CalPERS will be the first employer purchaser in California to include
telemedicine as a specific rural benefit.
2005 S&T LEGISLATION UPDATE
2005 is the first year of the Legislature’s two year session. CCST tracked 78
S&T related bills. Twenty-eight passed out of the Legislature and are either on
theGovernor’sdeskorhavebeenchaptered.Thelargestnumberofenrolledbills
involved energy, alternative fuels, and air emissions. Anumber of active bills
are still moving through Senate orAssembly committees. Legislation that has
beenenrolledandsenttotheGovernororchapteredisbolded. Furtherdetailson
individuallegislationcanbeobtainedat:http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/bilinfo.html.
Listed below are some of the S&T related legislation CCST is tracking. Note the
significant number of bills dealing with healthcare information technology.
HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
AB 225 (Negrete McLeod) Encourages the use of e-health technology
and clarifies that entities responsible for the administration of
healthcare services can equip providers with hardware and software to promote electronic prescribing.
AB 354 (Cogdill) Expands the definition of telemedicine to include
"store and forward" technology for dermatology and opthamology, in which information is transmitted and reviewed at a later
time by medical professionals, and allows Medi-Cal reimbursement for these services.
AB 522 (Plescia) Clarifies policy on automated drug delivery systems,
restricting access to licensed personnel in skilled and intermediate nursing facilities. Also prohibits Medi-Cal coverage of erectile dysfunction prescriptions for registered sex offenders.
AB 1388 (Ridley-Thomas) Establishes two grant programs: 1) to demonstrate the benefits of using the state's telecommunications
networks to deliver supplemental educational services; and 2) a
grant program to demonstrate the use of telemedicine resources
within a community.
AB 1672 (Nation) Would require healthcare facilities, health insurers and
healthcare service plans to record all healthcare information
they obtain in an electronic record keeping system.
SB 7
(Figueroa) Restricts disclosure of personal information, as specified, that is contained in public records and that would otherwise be public.
4
SB 13 (Bowen) This bill permits state agencies to release personal
information to the University of California or a nonprofit educational institution conducting scientific research only if the
research proposal has been reviewed and approved by the
Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects (the state's
Institutional Review Board) for the Health and Human Services
Agency.
STEM CELL
ACR 1 (Negrete McLeod) Urges the Independent Citizen's Oversight
Committee to adopt robust conflict-of-interest procedures;
maintain open meetings and public records; work to ensure that
therapies are available to low-income residents; and report to
the Legislature by January 1, 2006.
SB 18 (Ortiz) Prohibits human oocytes or embryos from being
acquired, sold, received, or otherwise transferred for valuable
consideration for medical research or development of medical
therapies; also requires the State Auditor to audit the California
Institute for Regenerative Medicine and ICOC.
SCA 13 (Ortiz) A proposed constitutional amendment that requires
ICOC to operate subject to California open meeting laws;
ensure that therapies developed through CIRM would be
accessible to low-income residents; and ensure that ICOC
members disclose potential conflicts of interest. This bill is
inactive.
SJR 17 (Ortiz) Asks Congress and the President of the United States to
lift restrictions on federal funding for stem cell research; also
requests that human cloning be prohibited.
HEALTH AND MEDICAL RESEARCH
AB 1062 (Saldaña) Expands informed consent laws, allowing medical
research subjects the right to review all the laboratory reports or
any other analysis regarding specimens taken from the subject.
AB 1273 (Saldaña) This bill would declare that it is the intent of the
Legislature to enact legislation that would create a statewide
advisory panel on bioethics.
SB 12 (Escutia) Requires the sale of all foods on elementary school
grounds to comply with nutrition standards which restrict total
fat and calories and provide for acceptable levels of specified
nutrients.
SB 281 (Maldonado) The California Fresh Start Program, which
requires that fruits and vegetables be made more widely available to students and authorizes extra funding to support this.
SB 849 (Berg) Would establish the Interagency Office of Environmental
Health Tracking for the purpose of implementing the California
Health Tracking Program, coordinating multiple health and
environmental surveillance data collection efforts.
SB 965 (Escutia) Restricts the sale of beverages to pupils at elementary
and middle or junior high schools of certain specified beverages,
requiring increased distribution of milk and fruit or vegetablebased drinks with no added sweeteners.
AGRICULTURE AND FOOD
AB 984 (Laird) Provides that the manufacturer of a genetically engineered (GE) plant is liable to any farmer, grain and seed cleaner,
handler, or processor in cases where the plant has caused economic damage or loss.
ENERGY, ALTERNATIVE FUELS, AND AIR EMISSIONS
AB 838 (Saldaña) Provides tax credits for hybrid, alternative fuel, zeroemission, and ultra-low emission vehicles.
AB 1007 (Pavley) Requires the State Energy Resources Conservation
and Development Commission, in consultation with the State
Water Resources Control Board, the Department of Food and
Agriculture, and other relevant state agencies, to develop a state
plan to increase the use of alternative transportation fuels by
2007. The plan should optimize public health and environmental benefits while minimizing costs to the state.
AB 1660 (Pavley) Creates the California Energy-Efficient Vehicle Group
Purchase Program in the Department of General Services to
encourage the purchase of energy-efficient vehicles by local and
state agencies through a group-purchasing program.
SB 250
(Campbell) Adds hydrogen fuels to the list of fuels for which
the Department of Food and Agriculture sets standards.
SB 497 (Simitian) Requires the state to develop a strategy to better control emissions from vehicles used in construction, in a cost-effective manner.
SB 757 (Kehoe) Would require public agency fleet operators to purchase
alternative fuel vehicles and advanced transportation technologies where technologically feasible and cost-effective.
SB 1003 (Escutia) Would enact the Liquefied Natural Gas Evaluation and
Terminal Permitting Act, establishing a permitting process for
the construction and operation of liquefied natural gas terminals.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
SB 97 (Murray) Outlaws e-mail spam in California, makes unsolicited
commercial email advertising a misdemeanor offense punishable by a $1000 fine and six months in jail.
SB 1028 (Bowen) Bans "internet hunting," prohibiting the shooting or
killing of any bird or mammal via the internet.
AEROSPACE AND WORKFORCE
ACR 7 (S. Runner) Congratulates and expresses the Legislature's appreciation for the achievements of SpaceShipOne and the efforts of
the team of Paul Allen, Burt Rutan, and pilots Mike Melvill and
Brian Binnie in making privately funded manned space flight a
commercial reality.
SCR 14 (G. Runner) Designated April 12, 2005 as California Space Day
in recognition of the satellite industry's contributions to the state
of California.
CALIFORNIA COUNCIL ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
ACR 24 (Mullin) Expands the scope of the CCST Study Group developing intellectual property recommendations to include contracts,
grants, and agreements developed under Proposition 71, the
Stem Cell Research and Cures Initiative.
5
#T
eachers
California’s K-12 education system is the largest in the nation, with
which will serve as the basis for an integrated document which will offer
over six million students and three hundred thousand teachers. Building
recommendationstothestateandtotheinstitutionsinvolvedinteacher
an understanding of how to work within such a system in the face of
production and professional development. The study, which is being
significant shortfalls is no easy task.
funded by the Stuart Foundation, is scheduled for completion in 2006.
“Gaps in the collection, use, and availability of data seriously
compromise efforts to plan and monitor the teacher workforce at both
thestateandlocallevels,”saidMargaretGaston,executivedirectorofthe
CenterfortheFutureofTeachingandLearning(theCenter). “Thisleaves
PRINCIpAl INVeSTIGATORS
policymakersandeducationofficialswithlittlein-depthunderstandingof
thecurrentshortageofqualifiedteachers,theinequitabledistributionof
fully qualified teachers, or a clear picture of future workforce needs.”
Science Teacher Preparation
Teacher Preparation in Private
Herbert Brunkhorst
Institutions
AsCCST’s2002report,CriticalPathAnalysisofCalifornia’sScienceand
College of Education
Eugenia Mora-Flores
TechnologyEducationSystemindicated,manystudentsaregraduating
California State University, San
Rossier School of Education
without the basic skills needed to succeed in California’s high-tech
Bernardino
University of Southern California
industries. That study called on industry, academic, and government
leaderstoworktogethertooverhaulscienceandengineeringeducation,
Recruitment of Qualified
Science Teacher Professional
toincreaseenrollmentinthesesubjects,andtoexpandthestate’sability
Science and Mathematics
Development
to research S&T educational issues. Further research by the Center has
Teachers
Dan Walker
underscored what appears to be a serious shortage of qualified math
Mathematics and Science Teacher
Pamela Clute
andscienceteachers. Toformulaterecommendationsforaddressingthis
Outreach and Educational
Education Program (MASTEP)
shortage, a great deal of groundwork needs to be done in order to define
Partnerships
College of Science
University of California, Riverside
and quantify the science and math workforce and skills gap and identify
San Jose State University
appropriatestrategiesforCaliforniatoenhanceitsproductionofscience
Math Teacher Preparation
Data Collection and Analysis-UC
and math teachers.
Judy Kasabian
Patrick Callahan
“We need reliable data to monitor the match between teachers’
Division of Mathematical Sciences
Mathematician in Residence
assignmentsandtheircredentials,understandwhatattractsteachersto
El Camino College
University of California Office of the
theprofession,anddeterminewhatcontributestotheirdecisiontoleave
President
Math Teacher Professional
it,”saidCCSTExecutiveDirector, Susan Hackwood. “Without such data,
Data Gathering and Analysis
Development
itisverydifficulttoeffectivelydeterminewhatstrategiesmaybeeffective
Using SRI Data Sets
Yvonne Lux
in boosting our science and math teacher workforce.”
The Educational Research and
Patrick Shields
For their ongoing joint project, California’s Math and Science Teacher
Leadership Institute
Center for Education Policy
Shortage:ACriticalPathAnalysis,CCSTandtheCenterhaveassembleda
California Lutheran University
SRI International
teamofeightresearchersfromacrossthestatetoexaminedifferentaspects
of science and math teacher production, retention, and professional
development. Each member brings a different range of expertise to the
table, as well as access to a wide variety of data sources.
“While a variety of public and private institutions
gather a great deal of data on teachers — including
the California Department of Education, the California
2000
Commission on Teacher Credentialing, the California
State Teachers’ Retirement System, and universities
that prepare teachers — these data sources cannot
provide some of the most basic information about the
teacher workforce on a regular basis,” added Gaston.
1500
“Becausetheseagencieswereestablishedtoperform
specific, independent functions that are not linked
by a common plan for data use, they act in isolation
and make decisions that often prevent their data from
being used in analyses of the state’s overall teacher
1000
workforce.”
CCST and the Center are drawing upon the
cooperation of CCST’s constituent institutions to
bring together as wide a range of data sources as
possible, including some not normally made public. In
500
addition, with the assistance of the California Teacher
Advisory Council (Cal TAC), CCST and the Center
are conducting their own surveys of science and math
teachers to obtain some of the missing pieces of the
puzzleonwhyteachersstayintheteachingprofession
0
or go into other careers.
Mathematics
Life Science
Physical Science
“We are particularly excited about the prospect of
leveraging Cal TAC members’ experience and ability
Underprepared High School eachers
T
to tap into the science and math teacher workforce
to gather new data for this study,” said Hackwood.
Fully Cr
edentialed Out-of-Field & Under
prepared High School eachers
T
“Cal TAC will be playing an important role in the
production of this analysis, and will make sure that we
areaccuratelyreflectingtheexpertiseoftheclassroom Number of Out-of-Field and Underprepared High School Teachers in Mathematics and
as well as the researchers.”
Science, 2003-2004. Source: California’s Teaching Force 2004
Aswiththe2002CriticalPathAnalysis,theindividual
researchers will produce separate standalone studies
6
HEALTHCARE IT Has Big Promise for California
America spends $1.7 trillion on healthcare each year, but the system
remainshighlyinefficient. High-techtreatmentsabound,butsomeofthe
simplerthings,suchaskeepingtrackofapatient’schart,canbechallenging.
Healthcareinformationtechnology(HIT)isafieldthatoffersawiderange
ofinformationtechnologyapplicationstohelpadministerhealthcaremore
effectively, potentially saving more than $77 billion a year.
Because of the importance of this issue to the state, CCST has focused
attention this year on HIT, with the goal of identifying S&T areas where
CCST could effectively assist the state in understanding and evaluating
healthcare IT options. Under the leadership of CCST, Council Members
Stephen Ryan, president of the Doheny Eye Institute, Francine Berman,
director of the San Diego Super Computer Center, Alfonso Cardenas,
ESTIMATeD INeFFICIeNCIeS ASSOCIATeD
LACK OF A HeAlTHCARe IT SYSTeM
WITH
A
• Without sharing patient records electronically, 30%
of the time, physicians could not find information
previously recorded in a paper chart
• Thesamedrugor radiologyexam was ordered 11% of
the time
• Physicians were not aware of 1 in 4 prescriptions that
a patient had been given
• 1 in 7 admissions and 1 in 5 lab tests and radiology
examswereorderedbecauseearlierresultscouldn’tbe
retrieved
• Typical physician receives test results from 5 or more
locations
• Cost of tracking down and obtaining information can
range from $12 to $28 per visit
Source:ElectronicMedicalRecords–GettingitRightandGoingtoScale,
W.EdwardHammond,III,CommonwealthFundbackgroundpaper;via
CalRHIO, January 2004.
professor of computer science at UCLA, and CCST Board
Member Steven Bruckman, executive vice chancellor for
the California Community Colleges, the council meeting
in October will focus on HIT systems. This meeting will be
conducted in collaboration with the Institute of Medicine
(IOM).
“California trails other states that have already passed
enabling legislation for the implementation of healthcare
IT statewide,” said Ryan. “There are significant up-front
costs involved, but overall, IT will ultimately reduce
healthcare costs dramatically.” The costs in the early
years are a disincentive – the RAND Corporation estimates
implementation could cost $8 billion a year, and savings
from efficiencies will not appear until later.
One of the biggest HIT goals would be the creation
of a statewide data exchange system and integration of
the healthcare system. While there are many logistical
obstacles to designing and implementing such a system,
this integration could significantly improve the efficiency
of healthcare. In one study, according to the California
Regional Health Information Organization (CalRHIO),
physicians could not find information previously recorded
inpapercharts30%ofthetimeandweren’tawareof25%of
prescriptions given to patients. In addition, data exchange
systemsmaysignificantlyhelpmaintainconsistentmedical
treatmentforvictimsofnaturaldisasters,suchasHurricane
Katrina, which displaced hundreds of thousands of
peopleanddestroyedcountlesspaperrecordsthatmaybe
impossible to reconstruct.
A variety of experts participating in the CCST/IOM
meeting, include Roger Taylor, consultant with the RAND
Corporation; Judy Ozbolt, scholar, Institute of Medicine;
Jack Lewin, CEO and executive vice president of the
California MedicalAssociation; Jeff Rose, CEO and founder, HealthAlliant;
andRickCraft,projectlead,TelemedicineReferenceArchitectureProject,
Sandia National Laboratories. The keynote speaker will be Molly Coye,
founder and CEO of the Health Technology Center (HealthTech).
As Coye points out, understanding how best to fix the state’s ailing
system is partly a question of deciding where to invest limited resources
and time.
“Whatwedo[atHealthTech]isprovideobjectivetechnologyforecasts,
innovative decision making tools, and expert learning networks,” said
Coye. “This helps enable organizations to adopt the most effective
technologies with the least amount of disruption.”
Some of healthcare IT’s greatest promise lies in the integration
of currently disparate data systems and the healthcare enterprise’s
informationnetworks. However,suchstepsfaceseveralbarriers,including
the lack of a trusted third party administrator for such a system and the
lack of a viable business model. There exist, however, new technologies
that can improve local efficiencies.
“The first and simplest of these emerging technologies is wireless
communication systems,” said Coye. “Thanks to significant
improvementsinthepastfiveyears,real-time,efficientcommunications
are now practical to implement. One such example is the Vocera system
thatallowsstaffwearingasmalldevicetousespeechrecognitiontoreach
any other individual in the hospital. The direct results of these wireless
communication systems are faster and more direct response times,
reduced phone tag, and greater capacity for multitasking.”
HealthTech prepares its forecasts for over 45 partner organizations,
including many hospitals both in California and elsewhere in the U.S. For
each of these partners, different solutions may be appropriate.
“Taking full advantage of IT systems is important, but the focus
should be on obtaining the greatest return on investment,” said Coye.
“An organization need only utilize those capabilities in their IT systems
thatprovidethegreatestbenefittotheirbusinessprocesses.Sinceevery
business is different, their utilization of a given IT system will vary
according to their particular situation.”
CCST’s healthcare IT committee will be helping California set priorities
and develop an agenda and recommendations appropriate to the state.
“Healthcareorganizationsinthestateshouldworkhardtolearnfromthe
experiencesofearlyadopters,”saidCoye.“Inthisway,theycandetermine
how the state can best focus its healthcare IT strategies overall.”
350
280
$ billions
Teacher CPA explores serious Issue for California
210
140
70
0
2004200520062007200820092010201
1 2012201320142015201620172018
Inpatient Setting, Cumulative Savings - Cumulative Costs
Outpatient Setting, Cumulative Savings - Cumulative Costs
Inpatient Setting,
Yearly Savings Ye
- arly Costs
Outpatient Setting,
Yearly Savings Ye
- arly Costs
Net Potential Benefits (Savings - Costs) with adoption of Healthcare Information Technology at the
National Level for the Inpatient and Outpatient Settings. Source: RAND
3
IP Report continued from page 1
IP Study Group Recommendations
The IP Study Group’s recommendations in the interim report are
consistent with general principles likely to be recommended for statefunded research in the final report to be completed later this year.
These general principles assert that the IP policy:
• Is to be consistent with the Bayh-Dole Act.
This principle can play out in many ways that are of benefit to the
public. In particular, ownership of IP resides with the grantee, who is
requiredtodiligentlydevelopIPforthepublic. Inaddition,thebalance
of any net royalties must be used to support research and education
activities.
• Creates incentives for commerce in California from state-funded
research to the greatest extent possible.
• Encourages timely publication of results to diffuse knowledge
widely, and provide guidance on the kinds of data that are
desired to be placed in the public domain or available under open
source, Creative Commons, or other broad-use licenses, including
software and special databases.
• Requires diligent development of IP into products that benefit the
public.
With these general principles in mind, the IP Study Group recommends
that CIRM consider policies that accomplish the following:
•
Permit grantees to own IP rights from CIRM-funded research.
•
Require grantees (institutions, individuals, or both) to provide a plan
describing how IP will be managed for the advancement of science
and benefit to California.
•
Grant basic research funds without requiring grantees to commit
to providing a revenue stream to the state. If, however, a revenue
stream develops over time, revenues will be reinvested in research
and education.
•
Generally make CIRM-developed research tools widely available to
other researchers.
•
Require diligent efforts to develop CIRM-funded IPinto therapeutics
and diagnostics that can benefit the public.
•
Retain within CIRM Bayh-Dole-like rights to step in if the owner of IP
isnotundertakingappropriatestepstotransfertechnologytobenefit
the public.
•
Leave license particulars to the owner who is in the best position to
judge how best to ensure that discoveries are made widely available
through commercialization or otherwise.
•
Reserve the right to use IP by or on behalf of CIRM.
•
Establish and maintain a CIRM database to track all IP generated
through CIRM funding.
The release of the interim IP report has garnered considerable media attention. The San Jose Mercury News, San Francisco Chronicle, San
DiegoTribune,SacramentoBee,andLosAngelesTimeshaveallcoveredthereport’srelease,withseveralarticlesechoingpublicconcerns about
the report’s suggestion that a strong royalty revenue stream is not realistic.
“Last week, the council issued a report explaining
why the state shouldn’t count on a quick shower of
wealth from the $6-billion Propostion 71 investment
in embryonic stem cell research. The report observed
that an attempt by the Legislature to mandate a specific
financial return from all commercial stem cell treatments
derived from state grants would, in fact, discourage the
commercialization of such treatments. It observed that
useful research in biotech and other fields developed at
a snail’s pace until the federal government abandoned a
similar mandate in 1980.”
Los Angeles Times
September 1, 2005
IP Study Group Co-Chairs Stephen Rockwood and Alan Bennett
“...it is unrealistic for the state to expect a huge payback
on Proposition 71. The report examined federal policy
over the last 25 years since the passage of the federal
Bayh-Dole Act, which governs the use of federal funds
at research universities. Bayh-Dole has been extremely
goodatpushingbasicresearch...buthasestablishedlittle
track record for financial payoffs to the government.
Numerous people, including scientists affiliated with
thefundingbodiescreatedbyProposition71,havecited
Bayh-Dole as the proper model for stem cell research in
California.”
Capitol Weekly News
September 22, 2005
2
ind
r
ust
y
tur
a
e
f
e
California is a leader in technological innovation. In this section,
CCST Report focuses on how California’s major industries and universities are
workingtomaintaincutting-edgeresearchprograms,andencouragestudentinterest
in science and technology.
Research Pays Off in
the Long Run
Medical breakthroughs do not occur overnight. In the life
in the other drugs we have in the pipeline," said Graham. "It was
sciences, development of a research finding into a new drug or FDAa long process. SYMLIN represents the culmination of 18 years of
approved treatment typically takes at least a decade. Investments in
research in diabetes."
excess of several hundred million dollars are usually needed to bring
During those 18 years, Amylin scientists helped both to improve
a product to market. Consequently when a treatment does reach
the understanding of the physiology of diabetes and to develop a
the final stages of development, it is very good news for everyone
new and effective treatment.
involved.
Amylin has been fortunate to obtain approval for its two diabetes
Amylin Pharmaceuticals, a company founded in 1987, has finally
medications. A company that stakes its future on the success of a
begun seeing the fruits of its labors with the
narrow group of drugs may soon flounder
FDA approval of two diabetes medications,
if clinical trials don't go well, or if those
SYMLIN® (pramlintide acetate) injection
products do not earn FDA approval.
“The
approval
of
SYMLIN,
a
in March 2005, and BYETTA® (exenatide)
"A great deal of this depth comes
injection in April 2005. The two drugs are the first-in-classtherapy,wasamajor
from our approach to research, which
first that Amylin has successfully brought to
milestone for us. ... It was a long is to identify peptide hormones and
market.
characterize utility before determining
"Successfully managing diabetes is a process. SYMLIN represented
potential targets," added Graham. "We've
daily struggle for millions of Americans,"
developed our own library of peptides and
the
culmination
of
18
years
of
said Ginger L. Graham, president and chief
characterized their functions; it's a resource
executive officer, Amylin Pharmaceuticals, research in diabetes. ”
we believe is unique in the industry." In
Inc. "Often, current treatments do not
many research processes, libraries of
provide adequate blood sugar control. The
uncharacterized compounds are screened
development of SYMLIN and BYETTA offer
against a known drug target.
Ginger
Graham
significant new treatment opportunities for
"For us, it has been a lengthy process,
people with diabetes."
President and CEO
but our focus has paid off," said Graham.
Amylin was founded after the discovery
"Amylin has contributed much to the
Amylin Pharmaceuticals
of a peptide hormone, amylin, produced
understanding of diabetes, and is now
by the same cells of the pancreas that make
bringing new treatment options to
insulin. Since then, the company has built
physicians and their patients. Through our continued efforts in
a strong foundation on research and development in related areas.
research and development, we look forward to advancing innovative
Amylin's researchers concentrate primarily on investigating the
new medicines with the potential to significantly change patient care
potential utility of new peptide hormone candidates, leveraging
in the years to come."
highly focused expertise to develop drugs to treat diabetes, obesity,
and cardiovascular disease.
Because the drug development
process is so lengthy, investors must
typically wait years for returns on
investment. Researchersmustconduct
three phases of clinical trials to show
that a drug's benefits outweigh its
side effects, and that its therapeutic Byetta is the first in a new class of drugs to treat type 2 diabetes. It is a synthetic version of exendin-4, a naturallyaction works better than a placebo. occurring hormone.
Depending on the complexity of the
new drug and the nature of the disease
Upcoming CCST events
being treated, it may take thousands of patients and several years
before statistically significant data emerge to confirm that a drug
OCTOBER 19 – 20, 2005. Irvine
works. The development program for SYMLIN involved over 5,000
patients in 12 years of clinical research. BYETTAclinical studies have
Board and Council meeting and dinner program at
included over 3,000 patients in the last 6 years.
the Beckman Center. Keynote speaker is Molly Coye,
With so much at stake, drugs in the pipeline are watched closely
founder and CEO of the Health Technology Center
at each stage. In August, positive clinical trial results for an as-yet
(HealthTech).
unapproved, long-acting formulation of BYETTA generated strong
interest in Amylin's stock, despite the fact that the new formulation
JANUARY 31 – FEBRUARY 1, 2006. Sacramento
is still under investigation and will not be commercialized for some
Board and Council meeting and dinner program.
time.
"The approval of SYMLIN, a first-in-class therapy, was a major
milestone for us. It is the first new therapy approved for type
MAY 23 – 24, 2006. Sacramento
1 diabetes since the discovery of insulin, over 80 years ago. It
Council meeting and dinner program.
validates our focus on peptide hormones as potentially useful
human medicines, which in turn led to significantly higher interest
7
FELLOW strong force in IP study
Today, policymakers turn to CCST more
and more for impartial analyses of issues
ranging from genetically modified foods to
energy to education. However, as CCST
Fellow and former Council Member Roger
Noll notes, achieving this status as an
independent source of advice has been a
gradual process.
"The first few years witnessed a long
up-hill struggle to obtain the confidence
of government officials, business leaders,
and academics who are involved in science
policy," said Noll. "With completion of the
CaliforniaReportontheEnvironmentforScience
and Technology (CREST), CCST demonstrated
its competence across the entire spectrum of
California policy issues."
Noll has been a part of this process for
many years. As a council member from
1995 through 2000, he helped oversee the
production of CREST and witnessed CCST's
transformation into an organization with
greater recognition and credibility at the
state and national levels. However, with
recognition sometimes comes controversy.
"Being an effective source of advice on
science and technology presents formidable
challenges, one of which is effective
communication," said Noll. "Delivering the
results of often difficult, arcane technical
analysis in plain but accurate reports that
are accessible to everyone is not easy. I
believe that CCST's recent interim report on
the intellectual property to be derived from
California's stem cell research program, for
example, has greatly elevated the debate not
only about the governance of the program,
but about the plausible role for stem
cell research in stimulating new medical
advancements."
Noll is the Morris M. Doyle Centennial
Professor of Public Policy in the Department
of Economics at Stanford University. He also
has a long affiliation with the Brookings
Institution in Washington, D.C., where he
has been a senior fellow, a visiting fellow,
and a non-resident senior fellow. He has won
a Guggenheim Fellowship, the Book Award
of the National Association of Educational
Broadcasters, and the Distinguished Service
Award of the Public Utilities Research Center.
He also received the 1994 Rhodes Prize for
Undergraduate Teaching from Stanford
University. This year, he has been an active
participant in the study group that crafted
the interim intellectual property (IP) report.
While this subject remains an important one
for the state, Noll is convinced that the real
challenge for California lies in maintaining
the competitiveness of its science and
technology workforce overall.
"To assure that California retains its
leadership in high-technology industries, the
state must improve its educational system,"
said Noll. "CCST has played a leadership
role in science education, and I hope that it
will not only continue in this role, but break
the logjam in state governance that thus far
has prevented adequate progress."
on
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CCST Releases Interim IP
report for stem cell Institute
Roger Noll
TheCCST ReportfocusesonCCSTactivitiesandhighlightsinnovativescienceandtechnologyresearchandapplicationsinCalifornia.TheReportiswrittenbyDanny
DeCillis,whowelcomesinformationfromreadersaboutscienceandtechnologyatworkintheprivate,public,andeducationsectors.TheReportthanksCCSTmembersfor
theirgenerousassistanceinprovidingmaterialforthisissue.IfyouwouldlikemoreinformationaboutCCSTinitiatives,pleasee-mailtherequesttoccst@ccst.us,orvisit
CCST’s website at http://www.ccst.us. Fax requests to (916) 492-0999 or telephone (916) 492-0996.
In August, CCST released its interim report on a framework for
intellectual property for the California Institute for Regenerative
Medicine (CIRM). The long-anticipated report has generated
considerable interest and has played an important role in the ongoing
discussions concerning CIRM’s operations.
“I want to commend the members of the California Council on
Science and Technology for their thoughtful and timely report,”
Assembly Member Gene Mullin said. “California is in a unique
position to create an intellectual property policy that is as forward
thinking as Proposition
This report will begin
“I want to commend the 71.
those discussions.”
members of the California The intellectual
(IP) interim
Council on Science and property
report,PolicyFramework
Technology for their thoughtful for Intellectual Property
Derived from Stem Cell
and timely report.”
Research in California,
released in partial
Gene Mullin was
response to Assembly
Assembly Member Concurrent Resolutions
California State Assembly (ACR) 252 and 24
authored by Assembly
Member Gene Mullin.
ACR 252, which was chaptered in September 2004, requested that
CCST conduct an analysis on how and whether to implement a set of
consistent statewide IP policies.
FollowingtheNovember2004passageofProposition71(theStem
Cell Research and Cures Initiative), which allocated $3 billion over 10
years to establish CIRM, CCST also agreed to prepare an interim report
tailored specifically to CIRM’s needs and faster timetable.
The IP Study Group, convened by CCST to recommend intellectual
property guidelines for the state, released the interim report to
begin a discussion and provide policymakers with a framework
for consideration in the development of policies for the handling of
intellectual property developed with state funds, especially in relation
to stem cell research.
“In this report our main objectives were to define the issues that
needed to be addressed, in particular how to respond to heightened
public expectations concerning financial returns from stem cell
research,” said Stephen Rockwood, co-chair of the committee which
produced the report. “Independent Citizens Oversight Committee
(ICOC) members and state leaders must realize that this field of
research is in its very early years. In all likelihood, the development
of effective therapies from CIRM-sponsored research is at least ten to
twenty years away.”
OverallthecommitteerecommendedthatCIRMadoptanapproach
to managing intellectual property that would be consistent with
related federal policies. As there are no other states as yet which have
established a comprehensive set of IP policies, the federal model was
felt to be most appropriate.
“Thereisconsiderableexperienceatthefederallevelfromagencies
such as the National Institutes of Health which should be useful to
California,” said co-chair Alan Bennett. “Fortunately, we have over
twentyyearsofdiscussionandexperimentationatthatfederallevelto
use as background for California in preparing its own set of policies.”
These recommendations include permitting ownership of the
intellectual property to reside with the grant recipients, with CIRM
retainingrightstousetheresearch,andfocusingonmaximizingaccess
to the research rather than controlling prices of the ultimate products
of this research.
“Theseissueshavebecomecontroversialinpartbecausesignificant
publicexpectationsofroyaltyrevenueswerecreatedwhenProposition
71 was being promoted,” said Rockwood. “The considered opinion of
thisgroupisthatthoseexpectationsarenotrealisticandnotconsistent
with established practice at the federal level.”
The interim IP report was originally structured to respond to ACR
24, which was drafted earlier this year and which requested that
CCST prepare the interim report en route to completing the charge of
ACR 252. However, ACR 24 continued to be amended through the
summer, with the result that the interim report does not address all of
the questions raised.
“We will address ACR 24 in the final report,” said Rockwood. “It is
our hope that the document at present may serve a useful purpose in
informing and guiding what is surely just the start of a much longer
discussion.”
continued on page 2
Inside this issue
Healthcare IT Has Big Promise for California
Capitol Happenings
2005 S&T Legislation Update
Teacher CPA Explores Serious Issue for California
Reserch Pays Off in the Long Run
Fellow Strong Force in IP Study
page 3
page 4-5
page 4-5
page 6
page 7
page 8
5005 La Mart Dr, Ste 105
Riverside, CA 92507
California Council on
Science and Technology
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CCST releaSeS inTeriM iP rePorT for STeM Cell inSTiTuTe

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