Investment Guide 2011

Transcription

Bli[`jkXe@EM<JK@E;<DF:I8:P)'((
Bli[`jkXe
@EM< JK@E;<DF:I8: P
)'((
8ef]ÔZ`XcglYc`ZXk`fef]k_\
Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXc>fm\ied\ek
Asiacell is the first and only telecom operator to extend
its coverage to all 18 governorates of Iraq.
ATCONZ (est. 2000) was formed in Auckland,
New Zealand as the consulting trading company
to provide commercial services to the market of
Iraq, and soon the Iraq New Zealand Trade
Center was formed. As the country went
through change in 2004, BITCO (Baghdad
International Trading Co. Ltd.) was formed and
has since delivered more than 100 contracts for
US and Iraqi governments.
In 2006 ATCONZ opened a branch in Erbil City,
the capital of Iraqi Kurdistan, for Investment
and Real Estate Development. Also, a new
ATCONZ headquarters opened in Dubai, UAE.
Today, the “New Azadi” residential project,
north of Erbil City, is underway with more than
1,600 houses, and setting new standards in the
Kurdistan Region.
ATCONZ Group strives to be The Professional
Solution Provider of Choice.
BLI;@JK8E1@EM<JK@E;<DF:I8:P)'((
<[`kfi
<[`kfiËjXjj`jkXek
<[`kfi$è$Z_`\]
:_`\]jlY$\[`kfi
JlY$\[`kfi
8ik\[`kfij
;\j`ê\i
>Xi\k_JkXejÔ\c[
CXliXE\nY\iip
:fc\kk\;fpc\
9Xiip;Xm`\j
:cXi\:ifeè
A\Xe$G_`c`gg\JkXenXp#AXd\jN_`k\
Bpc`\8c[\i
Bli[`jkXe
@EM< JK@E;<DF:I8: P
Gif[lZk`feXe[[`jki`Ylk`fedXeX^\i
JXc\j[ì\Zkfi
JXc\j\o\Zlk`m\j
)'((
BXi\eKifdXe
DXikè:flj\ej
K_XYfDbnXeXeq`#:XkXc[fKXiXekè`
M`Z\$gi\j`[\ekYljè\jj[\m\cfgd\ek#Efik_8d\i`ZX
DXpjffeBX`Ye`
DXeX^è^[ì\Zkfi
GlYc`j_\iXe[Z_`\]\o\Zlk`m\
8e[i\n?fnXi[
8cXeJg\eZ\
8ef]ÔZ`XcglYc`ZXk`fef]k_\
Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXc>fm\ied\ek
G`Zkli\j1 8cXdp#:fiY`j#>\kkp#Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXc>fm\ied\ek#C`YiXipf]:feî\jj#
Gi\jj8jjfZ`Xk`fe#G_fkfc`YiXip#I\lk\ij
@J9E1 0./$($0'-0+'$*0$*
Gièk\[Yp9lokfeGi\jj
GlYc`j_\[YpE\nj[\jb:fddle`ZXk`fejCk[
(*':`kpIfX[#Cfe[fe<:(M)EN#LB
K\c1"++' )'.-,'(-''=Xo1"++' )'.-,'(-'0
E\nj[\jbD\[`X@eZ
.''()k_Jki\\k#ENJl`k\.''#NXj_è^kfe;:)''',#LJ8
K\c1"()')0'+)+)*=Xo1"()')0'+)+)+
FeY\_Xc]f]k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXc>fm\ied\ek
nnn%e\nj[\jbd\[`X%Zfd
I\gi\j\ekXk`feèk_\LJ8
(,*)(-k_Jk#EN
E\nj[\jbD\[`X>iflgglYc`j_\jXn`[\iXe^\f]Yljè\jjXe[Zljkfd\i
glYc`ZXk`fej%=fi]lik_\iè]fidXk`fegc\Xj\ZfekXZk8e[i\n?fnXi[#
dXeX^è^[ì\ZkfifiDXpjffeBX`Ye`#m`Z\$gi\j`[\ekYljè\jj[\m\cfgd\ek%
NXj_è^kfe;:)''*K\c1"()').0..,.,
<dX`c1lj7bi^%fi^
)'((%K_\\ekì\Zfek\ekjf]k_`jglYc`ZXk`feXi\gifk\Zk\[YpZfgpi`^_k%8cci`^_kji\j\im\[%EfgXikf]k_`jglYc`ZXk`fedXpY\i\gif[lZ\[#jkfi\[èXi\ki`\mXcjpjk\d#fikiXejd`kk\[
è Xep ]fid fi Yp Xep d\Xej1 \c\Zkife`Z# d\Z_Xe`ZXc# g_fkfZfgpè^# i\Zfi[è^ fi fk_\in`j\# n`k_flk k_\ gi`fi g\id`jj`fe f] k_\ glYc`j_\i% K_\ m`\nj Xe[ fgè`fej \ogi\jj\[ Yp
è[\g\e[\ekXlk_fijXe[Zfeki`Ylkfijèk_`jglYc`ZXk`feXi\gifm`[\[èk_\ni`k\ijËg\ijfeXcZXgXZ`k`\jXe[Xi\k_\ìjfc\i\jgfej`Y`c`kp%K_\ìglYc`ZXk`fe[f\jefk`dgcpk_Xkk_\p
i\gi\j\ekk_\m`\njfifgè`fejf]k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXc>fm\ied\ekfiE\nj[\jbD\[`X@eZXe[dljke\`k_\iY\i\^Xi[\[XjZfejk`klkè^X[m`Z\feXepdXkk\in_Xkjf\m\i#efiY\
èk\igi\k\[XjjlZ_%K_\i\gif[lZk`fef]X[m\ik`j\d\ekjèk_`jglYc`ZXk`fe[f\jefkèXepnXp`dgcp\e[fij\d\ekYpk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXc>fm\ied\ekfiE\nj[\jbD\[`X@eZf]
gif[lZkjfij\im`Z\ji\]\ii\[kfk_\i\è%
,
Welcome to the American Village, the one and only exclusive residential
development in Kurdistan. Refined design, unrivalled quality in the safe and
beautiful surroundings of Tarin Hills, only 15km from Erbil.
Our residents are already enjoying the best facilities in town. Everything and all the
services you need are here in this fully independent and self-sufficient community.
Come now, choose your dream villa and customize it with our architects team,
and we will deliver it within six months.
:fek\ekj
=fi\nfi[j
()
(.
)(
))
),
N\cZfd\kfk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fef]@iXh
Gi\j`[\ekDXjfl[9XiqXe`
Bli[`jkXe1j\Zli\#gifjg\iflj#[\m\cfgè^
;i9Xi_XdJXc`_#Gi`d\Dè`jk\if]k_\BI>
)0
K_\[Xj_]fidf[\ie`kp
Ik?feN`cc`Xd?X^l\DG#LBJ\Zi\kXipf]JkXk\]fi
=fi\`êXe[:fddfen\Xck_8]]Xìj
*(
<oZ`kè^gfk\ek`Xc
J_\`b_XClYeX8c$HXj`d`#L8<Dè`jk\if]=fi\`êKiX[\
**
9ljè\jjè@iXh1Xe\oZ`kè^]lkli\
èk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXe[Y\pfe[
=iXeZ`jZfAJ}eZ_\q#LJLe[\iJ\Zi\kXipf]
:fdd\iZ\]fi@ek\ieXk`feXcKiX[\
8e\nY\^èeè^
;Xm`[IfdXef#Gif]\jjfif]D`[[c\<XjkGfc`k`Zj
XkD`jjfli`JkXk\Le`m\ij`kp
8b\pgcXp\ièYl`c[è^Xdf[\ie#]\[\iXc@iXh
HlYX[KXcXYXe`#BI>i\gi\j\ekXk`m\èk_\LJ
Cffbè^kfk_\]lkli\
>Xi\k_JkXejÔ\c[#Gif]\jjfif]D`[[c\<XjkGfc`k`Zj
Xkk_\Le`m\ij`kpf]<o\k\i
JkXY`c`kp
8YflkBli[`jkXe
*,
)-
J\kkè^XZflij\]fijkXY`c`kpXe[jlZZ\jj
Gif]\jjfi>Xi\k_JkXejÔ\c[èk\im`\nj
Gi`d\Dè`jk\i;i9Xi_XdJXc`_
*.
*0
Bli[`jkXeXe[`kje\`^_Yfi_ff[
D`Z_X\cD>lek\i
KiXejZ\e[è^k_\gfc`k`Zjf]Zfe]ifekXk`fe
C`Xd8e[\ijfe
Fggfikle`kpkf]fi^\Ôid\icèbj
HlYX[KXcXYXe`#BI>i\gi\j\ekXk`m\èk_\LJ
J\Zli`kp
+(
+,
8jlZZ\jj]lc\o\iZ`j\èZfddle`kpgfc`Zè^
BXi`dJèaXi`#BI>Dè`jk\if]k_\@ek\i`fi
8jX]\i\emìfed\ek]fièm\jkd\ek
DXjifli9XiqXe`#?\X[f]k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feËj
J\Zli`kpGifk\Zk`fe8^\eZp
.
The catalysts of our success
Creating a better tomorrow
The success of DNO in Kurdistan is mainly due to the
cooperation between the regional authorities and DNO,
represented through the management committee.
As an international oil company with decades of experience,
DNO has been dedicated to ensuring constant progress towards
the early export of crude oil from Kurdistan for the benefit of
the Iraqi people and all stakeholders.
The outstanding contribution of KRG towards exercising the
highest security measures has been key to DNO’s success in
DNO International ASA
DNO Iraq AS
Stranden 1, Aker Brygge, N-0250 Oslo
P.O. Box 1345 Vika, 0113 Oslo
Norway
Office 3902, 39th Floor
Shatha Tower, P.O. Box 502503
Dubai Media City
Dubai - UAE
Phone: (+47) 23 23 84 80
Fax: (+47) 23 23 84 81
Phone: +971-4-3642620
Fax:
+971-4-3688447
dno@dno.no
mobilising international oil-related service providers to work in
Kurdistan. The Security Commander of Dohuk Governorate, Mr.
Said Shengaly, has ensured a secure work environment for all,
right from the day of DNO’s inception in the region.
The contribution of the government-trained personnel has been
critical for the DNO’s success. They have not only assisted in
production operations, but also trained other local personnel to
enhance work performance; creating jobs for the local population
and benefiting the region’s economy.
K_\m`j`fe
+.
+0
,)
,+
Gifjg\i`kpXe[j\Zli`kp
8eèk\im`\nn`k_]fid\iBI>Gi`d\Dè`jk\i
E\Z_ìmXe9XiqXe`
GcXeeè^Xm`YiXek#jljkXèXYc\\Zfefdp
8eèk\im`\nn`k_;i8c`Jè[`#Dè`jk\if]GcXeeè^
èk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXc>fm\ied\ek
9ffjkè^\ogfikjkfYXcXeZ\kiX[\
8eèk\im`\nn`k_JèXe:_XcXY`#Dè`jk\if]KiX[\
Xe[@e[ljkipèk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXc>fm\ied\ek
<eZfliX^è^èm\jkd\ek
Gif]\jjfi>Xi\k_JkXejÔ\c[èk\im`\nj?\i`j_Dl_XiXd#
:_XìdXef]k_\9fXi[f]@em\jkd\ek]fiBli[`jkXe
-+
K_\m`\n]ifdXYifX[
,/
-'
-)
9l`c[èî\cXk`fej_`gjXZifjjYfi[\ij
8eèk\im`\nn`k_=XcX_DljkX]X9Xbì#?\X[f]k_\
BI>Ëj;\gXikd\ekf]=fi\`êI\cXk`fej
Klib`j_èm\jkd\ek1[\m\cfgè^
[liXYc\i\cXk`fej_`gj
8eèk\im`\nn`k_8p[èJ\cZ\e#:fejlc>\e\iXc]fik_\
I\glYc`Zf]Klib\pè<iY`c
I\gi\j\ekè^k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXc
>fm\ied\ekèCfe[fe
9XpXeJXd`8Y[lcIX_dXe#k_\BI>Ëj?`^_
I\gi\j\ekXk`m\kfk_\LB
:fdd\iZ`Xcgifg\ikp
--
9l`c[è^X_lY]fij_fggè^Xe[kfli`jd
M`XeIX_dXe
=èXeZ`Xcj\im`Z\j
Cfe[feZfe]\i\eZ\gcXZ\jBli[`jkXe
Z\ek\ijkX^\
Kfd?Xi[`\$=fijpk_\
-/
Fggfikle`k`\jèÔeXeZ`Xcj\im`Z\j
M`XeIX_dXe
EXkliXci\jfliZ\j
.(
/(
@eZi\Xjè^n\Xck_n`k_f`cXe[^Xj
8eèk\im`\nn`k_;i8j_k`?XniXd`#k_\BI>Ëj
Dè`jk\if]EXkliXcI\jfliZ\j
?p[ifZXiYfej1èm\jkd\ekXe[]lkli\i`Z_\j
8_d\[JX`[#Gi\j`[\ekf]F`cXe[>Xj
Xk=fiY\jXe[DXe_XkkXe
0
('
?\Xck_
(()
Nfibè^kfnXi[jXZ`k`q\e$Z\ek\i\[
_\Xck_ZXi\jpjk\d
M`XeIX_dXeèk\im`\nj;iKX_\i8?XniXd`#
BI>Dè`jk\if]?\Xck_
<[lZXk`fe
((+
/,
//
((- Le`m\ij`k`\jèBli[`jkXe1[\m\cfgè^
0.
I\Xgè^k_\i\nXi[jf]f`c
Gif]\jjfi>Xi\k_JkXejÔ\c[
C`mè^èXe[m`j`kè^Bli[`jkXe
()* ÊK_\fk_\i@iXhË1XeXi\Xf]g\XZ\Xe[jkXY`c`kp
9fkXeDFjdXe#?\X[f]k_\BI>Ëj;\gXikd\ekf]@K
9fkXeDFjdXe
('/=Xidè^]fik_\]lkli\
AXd`c?X`[\i#BI>Dè`jk\if]8î`Zlckli\Xe[NXk\iI\jfliZ\j
((' I\jlii\Zkè^Xî`Zlckli\
?Xj_\d8_dX[qX[\_
<iY`ckXb\jÕ`^_k
8eèk\im`\nn`k_KXcXi=X`hJXc`_#8ìgfik;ì\Zkfi
Xk<iY`c@ek\ieXk`feXc8ìgfik
8î`Zlckli\èk_\]\ik`c\Zi\jZ\ek
()' Bli[`jkXeËjdlck`$\k_e`ZjfZ`\kp
(', K_\gfn\if]è]fidXk`fe
((/ Bli[`j_Zlckli\1df[\ie`kpm\ijljkiX[`k`fe
Gfn\iè^k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe
PXjè?XnXk`#BI>Dè`jk\i]fi<c\Zki`Z`kp
(''DXbè^Bli[`jkXeY\kk\iZfee\Zk\[
k_\k\ik`Xipj\Zkfi
Gif]\jjfi;cXn\i8cX8c$;è
K_\gfj`k`m\`dgXZkf]_p[ifZXiYfej
9iX[:Xdg#B8I>iflg
Gfn\i#kiXejgfikXe[Zfddle`ZXk`fej
0*
@em\jkè^èk_\]lkli\1XZfdd`kd\ekkf\[lZXk`fe
JX]\\e;`qXp\\#BI>Dè`jk\if]<[lZXk`fe
Gif]\jjfi>Xi\k_JkXejÔ\c[
?Xd`k9fqXijcXe#[ì\Zkfif]jkl[`\jXk<?<JJèGXi`j
BXi\e;XYifnjbX
()- @e[\of]X[m\ik`j\ij
these firms form the PwC network. Each firm in the network is a separate
legal entity and does not act as agent of PwCIL or any other member firm.
PwCIL does not provide any services to clients. PwCIL is not responsible or
liable for the acts or omissions of any of its member firms nor can it control
the exercise of their professional judgment or bind them in any way.
Unified
representation
PricewaterhouseCoopers has refreshed its branding in order to
strengthen, and modernise how it represents its worldwide network to its
clients, its people and the communities in which it operates.
The emphasis on a new brand reflects PwC’s desire for a more unified
representation across its global network. PwC’s decision to make this
change now is testament to the company’s growing success over the last
decade, and highlights PwC’s move to establish a concise consistent brand
position, making it easier for people to appreciate who we are, what we
do, and how we operate across markets.
‘PricewaterhouseCoopers’ remains the full name of the global organisation
for legal purposes, and will be the name used by PwC firms to sign
company audits.
Creation of the new brand positioning was the work of PwC’s Global Brand
Team and its Network Leadership Team with assistance from the global
brand consultancy Wolff Olins. PwC’s global website, pwc.com, has been
redesigned to reflect the changes.
About PwC
PwC firms provide industry-focused assurance, tax and advisory
services to enhance value for their clients. More than 163,000 people
in 151 countries in firms across the PwC network share their thinking,
experience and solutions to develop fresh perspectives and practical
advice.
‘PwC’ is the brand under which member firms of PricewaterhouseCoopers
International Limited (PwCIL) operate and provide services. Together,
PwC in Central and Eastern Europe
PwC Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) has achieved much since its creation
more than ten years ago. As a firm, we have been active in some territories
of CEE for nearly 20 years – our Hungarian office opened in 1989, we were
in Russia in 1990, and Poland and Czechoslovakia (as it was then) in 1991.
By the mid-1990s, we had offices in most of the major territories of CEE as
we now know it.
PwC across the world
Today, more than 7,000 people in practices across 29 countries and
48 offices work together in assurance, advisory, and tax and legal services.
They are committed to delivering lasting solutions to client issues,
providing insights into their business and helping them to capitalise on
opportunities. We are the only ‘Big Four’ firm to have a fully integrated
network spanning CEE and CIS countries. This helps us to provide a
seamless service for our clients and means greater international exposure
and mobility for our people.
PwC in Azerbaijan
PwC Azerbaijan currently has more than 120 staff serving an extensive
list of national and international clients. Besides, PricewaterhouseCoopers
enjoys an unrivalled presence in the region, with offices in Almaty and
Astana (Kazakhstan), Tbilisi (Georgia), Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan), Tashkent
(Uzbekistan), Ashgabat (Turkmenistan) and Ulaanbaatar (Mongolia).
The client base has grown along with PwC and covers all sectors of the
economy, including energy, financial services, consumer and industrial
products, telecommunications and services.
For further information about our services:
The Landmark Office Plaza III
12th Floor
90A Nizami Street
Baku AZ1010
Azerbaijan
Tel: +994 (12) 497 2515
Fax: +994 (12) 497 7411
www.pwc.com/az/en
()
=FI<NFI;
Gi\j`[\ekDXjfl[9XiqXe`
N\cZfd\kfk_\
Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe
f]@iXh
Gi\j`[\ekDXjfl[9XiqXe`\ok\e[jXnXidn\cZfd\
kf]fi\`ê\ijb\\ekfèm\jkèXe[c\XieXYflkk_`j
]XjZèXkè^Xe[]Xjk$[\m\cfgèÎ\^`fe
@k`jdpgc\Xjli\kfèkif[lZ\k_`jglYc`ZXk`feXe[k_\Bli[`jkXe
I\^`fef]@iXh#XcXe[f]fggfikle`kpXe[îfnk_%Kf]i`\e[jXe[
e\nZfd\ij#n\cZfd\%
Kf[Xp#flig\fgc\\eafplegi\Z\[\ek\[j\Zli`kpXe[
gifjg\i`kp%JèZ\)''*#n\_Xm\Zi\Xk\[X[\dfZiXk`ZXe[
\Zfefd`ZXccpm`YiXekI\^`fe#Xe[kXb\fliifc\XjXY\XZfef]
_fg\]fi@iXhj\i`fljcpYpgifm`[è^Xdf[\cf]\Zfefd`ZXZk`m`kp#
\k_e`ZXe[i\c`^`fljkfc\iXeZ\#j\Zli`kp#Xe[gifî\jj%N\_Xm\
XcjfY\\eXdfe^k_\dfjkXZk`m\Xe[gifdè\ekgifgfe\ekj]fi
k_\[\m\cfgd\ekf]XjkXYc\#èZclj`m\@iXh`jkXk\%
?\i\@n`cc^l`[\pflk_ifl^_i\Z\ek[\m\cfgd\ekjèk_\
Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXe[\ogcXèflim`j`fe]fik_\]lkli\%
F@C#>8J#8E;<:FEFD@:;@M<IJ@KPK_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe
ZfekXèjjlYjkXek`Xc#cXi^\cplekXgg\[i\j\im\jf]f`cXe[eXkliXc
^Xj#n_`Z__Xm\k_\gfk\ek`XckfdXb\k_\I\^`feXe`dgfikXek
\e\i^pjfliZ\]fik_\èk\ieXk`feXcdXib\k%
K_\@iXh`:fejk`klk`feZc\Xicp\ogcXèjk_Xkf`cXe[^Xj
i\jfliZ\jY\cfe^kfXccf]k_\@iXh`g\fgc\#Xe[k_ljîXekjk_\
i`^_kkf[\m\cfgXe[dXeX^\f`cÔ\c[jkfXcci\jg\Zk`m\i\^`fej%
N_`c\k_\]\[\iXc^fm\ied\ek_XjY\\eleXYc\kfèZi\Xj\
gif[lZk`fefikfi\_XY`c`kXk\f`cÔ\c[j#n\_Xm\jlZZ\jj]lccp
[\m\cfg\[flifneÔ\c[j#^\e\iXkè^\c\Zki`Z`kpXe[\e\i^p
i\m\el\jk_Xkn`ccY\e\ÔkXccf]k_\@iXh`g\fgc\%@Xdfgk`d`jk`Z
k_Xkk_\^fm\ied\ekn`ccdXb\k_\gXjjè^f]X]\[\iXccXnfe
_p[ifZXiYfejXkfggi`fi`kp%
K_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXc>fm\ied\ekBI> _XjXZk`m\cp
]XZ`c`kXk\[\Zfefd`Z[`m\ij`ÔZXk`fe%N\_Xm\Zi\Xk\[Xe
XkkiXZk`m\èm\jkd\ekcXn#n_`Z_gcXZ\jk_\gi`mXk\j\ZkfiXkk_\
Z\ek\if]fli\Zfefdp%N\XZk`m\cpgifdfk\]fi\`ê[ì\Zk
èm\jkd\ekXe[gi`mXk\\ek\igi`j\èdfjkÔ\c[j#Xe[_Xm\
g`fe\\i\[`dgifm\d\ekjè\jj\ek`Xcj\im`Z\jjlZ_Xj\c\Zki`Z`kp#
ifX[j#Zc\XenXk\i#Xe[è]iXjkilZkli\%K_\i\jlckjjg\Xb]fi
k_\dj\cm\jÇn\efn_Xm\Xggifo`dXk\cp('k`d\jdfi\
\c\Zki`Z`kpg\i_flik_Xek_\i\jkf]@iXh#Xe[n\Xcjf_Xm\Yljkcè^
Z`k`\jXe[îfnè^è[ljki`\j%
Jk`cc#dlZ_f]k_\I\^`feËjgfk\ek`Xc`jlekXgg\[%8jXe
\d\i^è^dXib\k#n\gfjj\jjm\ipXkkiXZk`m\Xjg\Zkj1lekXgg\[
eXkliXci\jfliZ\j2èZi\Xjè^[\dXe[Xe[gliZ_Xjè^gfn\i2
fggfikle`kp]fiîfle[$c\m\cèm\jkd\ek2XiXg`[cpîfnè^\Zfefdp2
Xe[^fm\ied\ekjlggfik]figi`mXk\$j\ZkfiXZk`m`kpXe[èefmXk`m\
Yljè\jjjfclk`fej%@em\jkfijj_flc[\ogcfi\k_\fggfikle`k`\jn\
f]]\ièXî`Zlckli\#c`^_kè[ljkipXe[dXel]XZkliè^#k\Z_efcf^p#
Zfddle`ZXk`fej#ZfejkilZk`fe#_\Xck_ZXi\#\[lZXk`fe#[\m\cfgd\ek
f]eXkliXci\jfliZ\j#kfli`jd#i\kX`c#Xe[^\e\iXckiX[\%
N\f]k\e[\jZi`Y\k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXjk_\^Xk\nXpkf
k_\i\jkf]@iXhÇXgcXZ\kfZfee\Zkkfk_\\Zfefd`Zgfk\ek`Xc
èk_\i\jkf]k_\Zflekip%9lk@Y\c`\m\`k`jY\kk\i]fièm\jkfijkf
Zfej`[\ifliI\^`feXjXYXj\è@iXhÇXgcXZ\n_\i\jlYjkXek`m\
èm\jkd\ekXe[gifa\ZkjZXeY\le[\ikXb\e%N\cffb]finXi[kf
k_\[Xpn_\ek_\i\jkf]@iXh\eafpjflic\m\cf]j\Zli`kpXe[
jkXY`c`kp#\eXYcè^Ôidjn`k_Xe\jkXYc`j_\[gi\j\eZ\èk_\
Bli[`jkXeI\^`fekf\ogXe[k_ifl^_flkk_\@iXh`dXib\k%
JF:@8C>IFNK?8E;I<=FIDK_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe_XjX
ifYljk\Zfefdpn`k_Xki\d\e[fljîfnk_iXk\%K_`j_Xji\jlck\[
=FI<NFI;
N\cZfd\kfXjkXYc\Xe[
j\Zli\cfZXk`fen`k_
]XmfiXYc\c\^`jcXk`feXe[
XYle[Xekfggfikle`kp
èk_\`dgifm\d\ekf]fliZ`k`\j#jki\\kjXe[Yl`c[è^j%N\
_Xm\Xcjf\dYXib\[feXeldY\if]è`k`Xk`m\jkf`dgifm\fli
jfZ`\kpXe[^fm\ied\ek#jlZ_Xjgifdfkè^^ff[^fm\ieXeZ\
Xe[Xek`$Zfiilgk`fei\]fidj#nfd\eji`^_kj#gifk\Zk`fef]
dèfi`k`\j#Y\kk\i\[lZXk`fe#`dgifm\[_\Xck_ZXi\#k_\
[\m\cfgd\ekf]Z`m`cjfZ`\kpfi^Xe`qXk`fej#Xe[]i\\[fdf]k_\
gi\jj%N\_Xm\nfib\[Zcfj\cpn`k_k_\gi`mXk\j\Zkfikfgifm`[\
kiXèè^Xe[Yl`c[ZXgXZ`kp]fiflipflk_%@Y\c`\m\fe\f]k_\
gi`dXipgligfj\jf]^fm\ied\ek`jkf\ejli\k_\jfZ`Xc]XYi`Z
f]fliZfddle`k`\jîfnjXcfe^j`[\k_\\Zfefdp%
=I@<E;J8E;E<@>?9FIJK_\Zfie\ijkfe\f]fli]fi\`ê
i\cXk`fej`jZfdd\iZ`Xc\oZ_Xe^\%@egXik`ZlcXi#n\Zlii\ekcp
kiX[\Xggifo`dXk\cp,Y`cc`fe$-Y`cc`fen`k_Klib\pXeelXccp%
K_\Klib`j_:fejlcXk\>\e\iXcè<iY`c#Xcfe^n`k_`dgfikXek
m`j`kj]ifdKlib\pËj=fi\`êDè`jk\iXe[j\e`fif]ÔZ`Xcjkf
<iY`c#Xe[dpm`j`kkf8ebXiX#`jXk\jkXd\ekkffli^\elè\j\ej\
f]gXike\ij_`g%J`d`cXicp#flii\cXk`fejn`k_8iXYjkXk\j_Xm\
Xcjfîfnejk\X[`cp%
N\efn_Xm\)'[`gcfdXk`Zi\gi\j\ekXk`fejèk_\Bli[`jkXe
I\^`fe#èZcl[è^k_i\\8iXYjkXk\j#Xe[_Xm\[\m\cfg\[^ff[
i\cXk`fejn`k_<lifg\#k_\LJ#Xe[8j`XejkXk\j%K_\j\i\cXk`fej_`gj
jk\d]ifdk_\fg\ee\jjf]k_\Bli[`j_g\fgc\%N\\e\i^\k`ZXccp
glijl\k_\\ei`Z_d\ekf]e\n`[\XjXe[k\Z_efcf^p#Xi\\oZ`k\[kf
c\XieXYflkfk_\iZlckli\j#Xe[Xi\b\\ekfj_Xi\fli_`jkfipXe[
kiX[`k`fejn`k_fk_\ij%
8CC8I<N<C:FD<KfXccèm\jkfij#]i`\e[j#e\nZfd\ij#
kfli`jkj#Xe[[`gcfdXkj#@jXpn\cZfd\%N\cZfd\kfXjkXYc\Xe[
j\Zli\cfZXk`fen`k_]XmfiXYc\c\^`jcXk`feXe[XYle[Xek
fggfikle`kp%Pfln`ccÔe[XgfglcXk`fek_Xk_Xj\d\i^\[]ifdX
[`]ÔZlck_`jkfipXe[`ji\X[pkfc\Xie#îfn#Xe[gXike\in`k_k_\
èk\ieXk`feXcZfddle`kp#]fi\`êÔidj#Xe[èm\jkfij%N\cZfd\
kfk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fef]@iXh%Fli[ffijXi\fg\e%■
(*
Founded in Erbil, Ster Group has emerged as
one of Iraq’s fastest growing conglomerates.
Ster Group is the leading company in Kurdistan
in the field of building construction, security,
telecommunication, industrial production,
insurance and travel.
The trusted partner in Kurdistan
for domestic and international
businesses.
OUR PARTNERS
Turkish Airlines Fly with us to all your dream destinations
Fly with Turkish Airlines from Erbil to Turkey and beyond. www.thy.com
Office: Ster Tower - Gulan Street, Erbil +964 66 224 6235, +964 66 224 6236
Elide Fireball The revolutionary fire extinguishing technology
Ster Group is the exclusive distributor for Iraq and 15 other countries in the
Middle East, Russia and Europe. www.sterfireball.com - info@sterfireball.com
WHA Financial Services
Services ranging from tax to audit, accounting, HR, insurance and more.
www.whafinancialservices.com
Ster Tower - Gulan Street, Erbil - Kurdistan (Iraq)
www.stergroup.com - info@stergroup.com
OUR GROUP
Ster Company
Provides a wide-range of all-inclusive services and support
to industrial, commercial and government clients.
Ster Insurance
Was founded in 2004 and is the largest private insurance
company in Iraq and Kurdistan.
Ster Security
Is a leading provider of security services. Together with Vanguard
we provide both local and foreign clients with the best solutions.
Kani Water
Pure natural mineral water. Produced in Bekhal in Kurdistan.
www.kani-water.com
TARINNET :: OUR GROUP
TarinNet
Is part of the Ster Group and provides internet services in
Kurdistan.
TarinNet started in 2005 as a WISP (Wireless Internet Service Provider) in Erbil. Today it covers
25 cities and towns in Kurdistan with many additional services. TarinNet is now the biggest ISP
and WISP company in our region with the best network coverage.
Next to VSAT, WiFi, VoIP and Intranet services we now also provide
High-Speed Fiber Internet Connections in Duhok and Erbil.
Our clients include the consumer market, the business market,
universities and industrial clients. We also serve all the government
agencies belonging to the KRG.
With more than a 150 companies, the government, universities
and 20,000 home users, we are the biggest player in the market.
Control Dept. :
Sales Dept. Erbil :
Sales Dept. Duhok :
Website :
E-mail :
+964 (0) 66 256 4562 noc@tarinnet.info
+964 (0) 750 418 3060 sales@tarinnet.info
+964 (0) 750 414 5303
www.tarinnet.net
info@tarinnet.info
Employment opportunities available at Stergroup
E-mail us at careers@stergroup.com or visit www.karoxjobs.com
Group of companies are leaders in:
Water and Sewage system (EPC, Water networks, Water treatment, Telemetric, Pipe connection)
SCADA system • Oil utility projects • Irrigation • Construction (Tunnels, Bridges, General buildings
and road construction) • Dam construction and Dam Project Management • Power generation
Priman St, Soresh Q.Erbil, Iraq
www.hardam-co.com • projects@hardam-co.com • www.ev-yol.com • www.omrab.ca
Mobile: 00964 750 1331 567 / 00964 770 6500 402 L/L: 00964 66 259 3433
=FI<NFI;
Bli[`jkXe1
j\Zli\#gifjg\iflj#
[\m\cfgè^
;i9Xi_XdJXc`_#Gi`d\Dè`jk\if]k_\BI>
8jk_\Gi`d\Dè`jk\if]k_\BI>#`k`jdpî\Xkgc\Xjli\kf
n\cZfd\k_`jglYc`ZXk`fe#n_`Z_`jX[[i\jj\[kfk_fj\èk\i\jk\[è
befnè^dfi\XYflkflii\dXibXYc\i\^`fe%Bli[`jkXe`j
i\dXibXYc\]fidXepi\XjfejÇefkc\Xjkk_XkBli[`jkXeXe[`kj
g\fgc\j_Xm\Y\\ekiXej]fid\[fm\ik_\cXjkknf[\ZX[\j%
K_Xeb]lccp#Bli[`jkXe`jXkfkXccp[`]]\i\ekgcXZ\kfn_Xk`jnXjè
(00(%@]pfl_X[m`j`k\[ljk_\eÇefkk_Xk`knXjm\ip\Xjpkf[fjf
n`k_k_\@iXh`[`ZkXkfij_`gYcfZbX[è^ljÇk_\jZ\e\pflnflc[
_Xm\Y\\ed\kn`k_nflc[_Xm\Y\\efe\f][\mXjkXk`feZXlj\[
Ypp\Xijf]ZfeÕ`ZkXe[fggi\jj`fe#Xe[k_\dXe`]\jkXk`fejf]
XYlj\YpXZ\ekiXc^fm\ied\ekk_XknXjXk`kjY\jkè[`]]\i\ek#Xe[
Xk`kjnfijkm`fc\ekcp_fjk`c\#kfk_\n\c]Xi\f]k_\Bli[j%@jXpk_`j
efkkf^XèpflijpdgXk_p#YlkY\ZXlj\`k`j`dgfikXekÇm`kXccp
`dgfikXekÇk_Xkn\i\d\dY\i]ifdn_\i\n\jkXik\[èfi[\ikf
le[\ijkXe[Zc\Xicpn_\i\n\Xi\^fè^%
K_\kiXa\Zkfipf]Bli[`jkXeËj[\m\cfgd\ekjèZ\k_fj\[Xib
[Xpjèk_\\Xicp(00'j_XjY\\e`dgi\jj`m\cpjk\\g%C\jjfej#
jfd\m\ipgXè]lc#_Xm\Y\\ec\Xiekfek_\nXp%9lkk_\[\jì\f]
k_\g\fgc\f]k_\I\^`fekf`dgifm\k_\ìc`m\j#Xe[lck`dXk\cp
kfc`m\èXj\Zli\Xe[gifjg\iflj\emìfed\ek#i`Z_n`k_
fggfikle`k`\jkfY\kk\ik_\dj\cm\j#_Xjj_fe\k_ifl^_X[m\ij`kp%
K_`j[\jì\_XjY\\ejlggfik\[Ypfli]i`\e[jèk_\èk\ieXk`feXc
Zfddle`kpÇn`k_\ok\ej`m\_ldXe`kXi`XeXjj`jkXeZ\gifm`[\[è
k_\gXjkÇXe[efnn\cffbkfk_\]lkli\XjXe\d\i^è^#
[\m\cfgèÎ\^`fe%I\jgc\e[\ekn`k_Yfk__ldXeXe[eXkliXc
i\jfliZ\jXe[gcXZ\[jkiXk\^`ZXccpXkk_\d\\kè^gfèkf]dXafi
i\^`feXcXe[èk\ieXk`feXcdXib\kj#èk\ieXk`feXcèm\jkfijXi\
b\\ekfgXike\in`k_k_\BI>Xe[k_\i\^`feËjgi`mXk\j\Zkfiè
]lik_\iè^Bli[`jkXeËjX[mXeZ\d\ek%
PflZflc[Y\]fi^`m\e]fiY\c`\mè^k_Xk#èdXepnXpj#
Bli[`jkXe`jkff^ff[kfY\kil\XjXeèm\jkd\ekfggfikle`kp%
MìklXccp\m\ipj\Zkfif]XZk`m`kp`jfg\e]fièm\jkd\ek1fli
èm\jkd\ekcXnjXi\^\e\ifljkfk_\]fi\`êèm\jkfi2k_\i\`jè
gcXZ\XcXi^\[fd\jk`ZdXib\kn`k_XeèZi\Xjè^Xdflekf]
[`jgfjXYc\èZfd\kf_Xe[2k_\i\`jXe\m\ecXi^\idXib\kXZifjj
k_\i\jkf]@iXh#n_`Z_`jXZZ\jj`Yc\kfk_fj\nfibè^]ifd
Bli[`jkXe2k_\i\`jm`j`feXe[[i`m\]ifdk_fj\\c\Zk\[kf^fm\ie#
Xe[Xe\X^\ie\jjkf\dYiXZ\k_\gi`mXk\j\ZkfiXe[c`d`kk_\ifc\
gcXp\[Ypk_\glYc`Zj\ZkfiXZifjjk_\i\^`fe2flic\X[\ijXi\
le`Ô\[èk_\ìkXi^\kè^f]è\]ÔZ`\eZpXe[Zfiilgk`feÇgifYc\dj
k_Xk_XlekdXepjkXk\jèk_\n`[\ii\^`feÇXe[n\_Xm\Xci\X[p
dX[\j`ê`ÔZXek_\X[nXpèZ_Xe^è^nfibè^giXZk`Z\j2Xe[n\#
XjX^fm\ied\ekXe[XjXg\fgc\#_Xm\\dYiXZ\[[\dfZiXk`Z
gièZ`gc\j#è^fm\ied\ek#èjfZ`\kp#Xe[èk_\nfibgcXZ\%
(.
your people should do
what they’re best at
our people can
do the rest
management | life support | maintenance | cleaning
+964 (0) 750 4487503
spectrummideast.com
=FI<NFI;
K_\i\`jXZfej`[\iXYc\
nXpkf^f#Ylkn\Xi\
Zc\Xicp^fè^èk_\i`^_k
[ì\Zk`feXkXhl`ZbgXZ\
F]Zflij\#k_\i\`jXZfej`[\iXYc\nXpkf^f#Xe[k_\i\n`cc
Y\j\kYXZbjXcfe^k_\nXp%9lkn\Xi\Zc\Xicp^fè^èk_\i`^_k
[ì\Zk`feXkXm\iphl`ZbgXZ\%
@n`ccc\Xm\pflkf^\kXY\kk\ij\ej\f]k_\X[mXeZ\jk_Xk
_Xm\Y\\edX[\èflim`YiXek#\oZ`kèÎ\^`feYpi\X[è^k_\
Zfeki`Ylk`fejdX[\Ypk_\[`jkè^l`j_\[Zfeki`Ylkfijkfk_`j
glYc`ZXk`feXe[kfdXb\pflifneal[^\d\ekjXjkfn_Xkn\
_Xm\XZ_`\m\[#Xe[n_\i\n\Xi\^fè^%@nflc[Xjbk_Xkpfl[f
i\d\dY\ik_\]fccfnè^XjpflZfej`[\in_Xkpfli\X[#gXik`ZlcXicp
Xjjfd\f]pfln`cci\dXèle[\ijkXe[XYcpZfeZ\ie\[XYflk
èm\jkè^èXepgXik`ZlcXii\^`fef]@iXh1n\_Xm\klie\[fli
n\Xbe\jj\jèkfjki\e^k_j%
@iXhXjXn_fc\_Xjklie\[XZfie\i#gfc`k`ZXccpjg\Xbè^2
Bli[`jkXeËji\jfliZ\jXi\efnlj\[èBli[`jkXeËjèk\i\jkjXe[efk
X^Xèjk_\ig\fgc\Xjk_\pn\i\le[\iJX[[Xd%FlijlYal^Xk`fe
le[\i[`ZkXkfij_`g_XjY\\ekiXej]fid\[èkf[\k\idèXk`fekf
jlZZ\\[èX[\dfZiXZp%Fli^\fgfc`k`ZXccfZXk`feÇf]k\ej\\eXj
cXe[cfZb\[Xe[#k_\i\]fi\#n\XbÇ`jZ\ekiXcXe[g`mfkXc#Xe[`[\Xccp
gcXZ\[n`k_i\^Xi[kf\d\i^è^dXib\kjèk_\i\^`feXe[k_\
X[mXeZ\[\Zfefd`\jf]<lifg\Xe[k_\<XjkXc`b\2n\befnfli
n\Xbe\jj\jXjn\ccXjflijki\e^k_j#Xe[_`[\e\`k_\ièk_\_fg\
f]Zfekèlè^Xcfe^fli`dgi\jj`m\kiXa\Zkfipf][\m\cfgd\ek%
N`k_k_fj\k_fl^_kjèdè[#@_fg\pfl]\\cXYc\kfZfej`[\i
nfibè^n`k_ljèk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe#]fik_\Y\e\Ôkf]ljXcc%■
(0
Integrated solutions from Petrofac
Petrofac is a leading international provider of facilities solutions to the oil & gas industry.
It provides specialist well engineering, drilling and project management solutions; stateof-the-art engineering services and consultancy; designs and constructs oil & gas
facilities; operates, maintains and manages facilities; provides world-class competency
assessment and training across the asset lifecycle; and brings technology solutions via a range
of consultancies (Engineering Services, Eclipse, Caltec, SPD, Plant Asset Management).
Petrofac provides integrated solutions to meet customer needs and is willing to co-invest
to develop upstream and infrastructure projects where it can apply its service capability.
To learn more, visit www.petrofac.com or call +44 207 811 4748
www.petrofac.com
=FI<NFI;
Ik?feN`cc`Xd?X^l\DG
K_\[Xj_]fi
df[\ie`kp
Ik?feN`cc`Xd?X^l\DG#LBJ\Zi\kXipf]JkXk\]fi
=fi\`êXe[:fddfen\Xck_8]]Xìj
@Xd[\c`^_k\[kfZfeki`Ylk\kfk_`j\[`k`fef]Bli[`jkXe1@em\jkè
;\dfZiXZp#Xe[kfj\kflkjfd\k_fl^_kjfek_\]lkli\f]k_\
Bli[`jkXeI\^`fef]@iXh%
K_\I\^`fe`j^fè^k_ifl^_Xg\i`f[f][peXd`ZZ_Xe^\Ç
dlZ_f]`k]fik_\^ff[%8]k\iXcfe^g\i`f[f]`jfcXk`fe#jl]]\iè^
Xe[leZ\ikXèkp#k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe`jefnZ_XiXZk\i`q\[Yp
\e^X^\d\ekn`k_k_\flkj`[\nfic[#îfnè^gifjg\i`kpXe[
èZi\Xjè^ZfeÔ[\eZ\èk_\]lkli\%@k`jhl`k\XklieXifle[#Xe[
dXb\jk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fefe\f]k_\dXafijlZZ\jjjkfi`\jf]@iXh%
9lfp\[YpXjkife^Xe[jkXYc\j\Zli`kpXe[gfc`k`ZXc
\emìfed\ek#k_\I\^`fe`j^fè^k_ifl^_XÊ[Xj_]fidf[\ie`kpË%
Bli[`jkXe`jgifl[f]`kjkiX[`k`fej#`kjj\ej\f]]Xd`cpXe[f]
cfpXckpkfk_\Zfddle`kp#Xe[`kjj\ej\f]`[\ek`kpk_Xk_XjY\\e
kfl^_\e\[k_ifl^_i\j`jkXeZ\kfg\ij\Zlk`fe%9lkk_\I\^`fe`j
efcfe^\iènXi[$cffbè^%K_`j`jXk`d\f]i\e\nXcXe[\e\i^p%
8m`j`kfikf<iY`c#gXik`ZlcXicp#nflc[Y\jkilZbYpk_\
Zlii\ekZfejld\iXe[ZfejkilZk`feYffd%CXi^\Xe[jdXcc
j_fggè^dXccjXi\jgiè^è^lg[fnekfne#XjXi\gifjg\iflj
^Xk\[Êm`ccX^\jË#_fk\cjXe[Xdlj\d\ekgXibj%DlZ_f]k_`j
gifî\jj`j\eZXgjlcXk\[è<iY`cËj^c\Xdè^#jdXikXe[j\Zli\
e\nèk\ieXk`feXcXìgfikg`Zkli\[i`^_k Çn_`Z_@Xd[\c`^_k\[
9i`k`j_\og\ik`j\_X[X_Xe[è[\c`m\iè^%
>`m\ek_\^ff[j\Zli`kpj`klXk`feXe[k_\\e\i^pf]`kj
g\fgc\#Bli[`jkXeÔe[j`kj\c]èXgfj`k`fekfifX[$k\jkgcXejXe[
gifa\ZkjfeY\_Xc]f]k_\i\jkf]@iXh%:\ekiXckfk_`jXe[k_\
I\^`feËjjlZZ\jj`jk_\gfc`Zpf]\e^X^\d\ek%K_\I\^`feËji\cXk`fej
n`k_Klib\p_Xm\^fe\k_ifl^_Xj\XZ_Xe^\fm\ik_\gXjk]\n
p\Xij%K_Xk`jXk\jkXd\ekkfYfk_j`[\jËZfdd`kd\ekkfcffbkf
k_\]lkli\#efkk_\gXjk%Gi`d\Dè`jk\iDXc`b`Ëj\m\eklXc]fidXk`fe
f]Xe\n^fm\ied\ek]fccfn\[cXjkp\XiËj\c\Zk`fe1XYi\Xbk_ifl^_
k_Xkk_\Bli[`j_YcfZ#Xe[Gi\j`[\ek9XiqXe`g\ijfeXccp#gcXp\[X
j`ê`ÔZXekifc\èYiè^è^XYflk%
JlZZ\jj]lcXe[\e\i^\k`Z\e^X^\d\ekn`k_9X^_[X[`jm`kXc
kfk_\I\^`feËj]lkli\1Xc\jjfek_Xk`jefkcfjkfek_\i\^`feËj
gfc`k`ZXcc\X[\ij_`g%K_\i\`jjk`ccdlZ_kf[fkf^\k9X^_[X[$<iY`c
i\cXk`fejkfn_\i\k_\pj_flc[Y\%K_\kfggi`fi`kp`jgXjjè^
c\^`jcXk`fefei\m\el\$j_Xiè^Xe[_p[ifZXiYfej#n_`Z_n`cc
\eXYc\k_\[\m\cfgd\ekf]@iXhËjf`cXe[^Xjn\Xck_èfe\gfc`k`ZXc
Xe[\Zfefd`Zjg_\i\%
N_Xkifc\ZXek_\LBgcXpèk_\\Zfefd`Z[\m\cfgd\ekf]
k_\I\^`fe6K_\LB`jXnfic[c\X[\ièÔeXeZ`Xcj\im`Z\jXe[
èm\jkd\ekX[m`Z\#Xe[Xjgiè^YfXi[]fiîfnk_]fiZfdgXe`\j
]ifdXifle[k_\nfic[%Fli_p[ifZXiYfejZfdgXe`\jc\X[k_\
nfic[èbefn$_fnXe[i\jgfej`Yc\#jljkXèXYc\[\m\cfgd\ek%
FliZfejlckXekjXe[\e^è\\ij_Xm\X^cfYXci\glkXk`fe]fi
[\c`m\iè^nfic[$ZcXjjgifa\Zkj#Xjn\ccXjYXj`Zè]iXjkilZkli\
e\\[j#èZcl[è^jZ_ffcj#_fjg`kXcjXe[_\Xck_Z\ek\ij%FliJD<
j\Zkfi`jm`YiXek#èefmXk`m\Xe[èk\ieXk`feXccpjXmmp%
K_\j`q\f]k_\LBgi\j\eZ\Xkk_\<iY`cKiX[\=Xìè
FZkfY\i)'('#c\[YpLBKiX[\Xe[@em\jkd\ek:<FJì8e[i\n
:X_e#nXj\m`[\eZ\f]k_\iXe^\f]k_\LBf]]\i#Xe[f]k_\
jkife^èk\i\jkgi\j\ekèk_\LBè]fi^è^jkife^\ikiX[\Xe[
èm\jkd\ekcèbjn`k_Bli[`jkXe%LBZfdgXe`\j_Xm\Xci\X[p_X[
jfd\jlZZ\jjèk_`ji\jg\Zk%N\Xi\cffbè^kfYl`c[fek_Xk#
Xe[dpf]ÔZ`Xcjè<iY`cjkXe[i\X[pkf_\cg%■
)(
))
=FI<NFI;
L8<Dè`jk\if]=fi\`êKiX[\
J_\`b_XClYeX8c$HXj`d`
<oZ`kè^gfk\ek`Xc
J_\`b_XClYeX8c$HXj`d`#L8<Dè`jk\if]=fi\`ê
KiX[\#_`^_c`^_kjk_\i\XjfejY\_è[_\i]\[\iXk`feËj
\ek_lj`Xjdkf\dYXibfe]lik_\ièm\jkd\ekèk_\
Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe
Flii\Z\ekm`j`kkf<iY`clj_\ijèXe\n\iXè@iXh`$L8<kiX[\Xe[
\Zfefd`ZZffg\iXk`fe#n`k_^\elè\\X^\ie\jj]ifdYfk_j`[\j
kfglijl\dfi\jkiXk\^`Zèm\jkd\ekjXe[dXo`d`q\dlklXc
fggfikle`k`\j#\jg\Z`Xccpèefe$f`cYljè\jj\j%
<Xic`\ik_`jp\Xi#n\j_Xi\[gcXej]fi\e_XeZ\[kiX[\#
\Zfefd`Z#èm\jkd\ek#Xe[Zfdd\iZ`XcZffg\iXk`fe[liè^
Gi`d\Dè`jk\i9Xi_XdJXc`_Ëjki`gkffliZflekip%Flim`j`kkf
Bli[`jkXe]fccfnjlgfeflij_Xi\[m`j`fejXe[`jZilZ`Xckf
jljkXèè^k_\dfd\ekldf]fli_`^_cpgif[lZk`m\gXike\ij_`g
n`k_@iXhfm\iXcc%CXjkp\Xi#fliY`cXk\iXcefe$f`cZfdd\iZ`Xc
\oZ_Xe^\n`k_@iXhkfgg\[,Y`cc`fe#kfjligXjjk_\)''/Ô^li\
YpX_l^\-*g\iZ\ek%@iXh`jZlii\ekcpflij\Zfe[cXi^\jk8iXY
\Zfefd`ZgXike\iXe[`jiXeb\[eldY\i((XkX^cfYXcc\m\c%
N\n\i\m\ipgc\Xj\[kfc\XieXYflkk_\gifî\jjY\è^
dX[\èk_\L8<$jlggfik\[èm\jkd\ekcfZXk`fejn\m`j`k\[#
Xe[k_\_l^\gfk\ek`Xci\gi\j\ek\[Ypk_\cfZXcè[ljki`XcXe[
kfli`jdj`k\jXkn_`Z_n\n\i\n\cZfd\[%K_\+/_`^_$iXebè^
f]ÔZ`XcjXe[dXeX^\ijf]<dìXk`ZfdgXe`\j]ifdmXi`fljj\Zkfij
n_fXZZfdgXe`\[d\Xi\m\ip\oZ`k\[XYflkk_\iXe^\f]
èm\jkd\ekXe[Yljè\jjgfjj`Y`c`k`\jk_\pfYj\im\[èBli[`jkXe%
L8<ZfdgXe`\jXi\Xci\X[pj\kkfnèdXafiZfekiXZkjkf
[\m\cfg@iXh`_fljè^#è]iXjkilZkli\Xe[kfli`jdgifa\Zkj#jX`[
Ypk_\@iXhÈXk`feXc@em\jkd\ek:fdd`jj`fekfY\nfik_
.'Y`cc`fe%Jfd\f]k_\dn`ccY\ÔeXc`q\[jffe#Xe[XeldY\i
f]k_\dn`ccY\le[\ikXb\eèBli[`jkXe%K_\j\i\gi\j\ekdfi\
afYjXe[cfZXcèZfd\]fik_\I\^`fe#Xe[]fi@iXhè^\e\iXc#
Xe[n`ccgifm`[\L8<ZfdgXe`\jn`k_jkiXk\^`ZXZZ\jjkf
Bli[`jkXeËjiXg`[cpîfnè^dXib\k%
K_\jZfg\f]\Zfefd`ZXe[dXib\ki\]fidjY\è^glijl\[
YpBli[`jkXe#Xj\ogcXè\[kfljYpGi\j`[\ekDXjfl[9XiqXe`Xe[
Gi`d\Dè`jk\i9Xi_XdJXc`_#nXjm\ip`dgi\jj`m\%N`k_X
g\i$ZXg`kXèZfd\f]dfi\k_Xe+#,''#fm\i*'g\iZ\ek_`^_\i
k_Xek_\i\jkf]k_\Zflekip#Bli[`jkXe`jXdXafiZfejld\idXib\k
k_Xkk_\L8<n`cc[\Ôe`k\cpcffbèkfdfi\Zcfj\cp%
FlijkXpèBli[`jkXe_Xjjki\e^k_\e\[flii\jfcm\kf]lccp
jlggfikk_\[flYcè^f]L8<èm\jkd\ekjèkfk_`jI\^`fekf
Xifle[-Y`cc`feYp)'(*%K_\@ek\ieXk`feXcDfe\kXip=le[Ëj
[\Z`j`fekf[flYc\`kj]fi\ZXjk]fifli)'('>;Gîfnk_gifm\j
fli\oZ\cc\ekgfj`k`fekfYffjkfli]fi\`êèm\jkd\ekj#Xe[
Bli[`jkXen`ccZ\ikXècpY\Xdfe^flib\pgi`fi`k`\j%
9lkdfi\k_Xek_\Yi`^_k]lkli\èkiX[\Xe[Yljè\jj
k_Xkn\cffb]finXi[kfj_Xiè^n`k_Bli[`jkXe#`k`jfli]i`\e[j_`g
n`k_k_`jI\^`fek_Xkdfk`mXk\jljkf]fi^\Zcfj\ik`\jn`k_`kj
c\X[\ijXe[`kjg\fgc\%■
New homes under construction in Erbil
=FI<NFI;
Bli[`jkXe`jXdXafi
Zfejld\idXib\kk_Xk
k_\L8<n`cc[\Ôe`k\cpcffb
èkfdfi\Zcfj\cp
Modern developments, such as these apartment buildings
in Erbil, are springing up in the Region’s town and cities
)*
Lufthansa and Austrian Airlines:
your choice for Erbil
Save time with online or mobile check-in
If you are travelling to Erbil, Austrian
Airlines and Lufthansa offer you
a choice of nine flights a week via
either Frankfurt or Vienna.
From Vienna, Austrian Airlines flies
direct five times a week- – Mondays,
Wednesdays, Thursdays, Fridays and
Saturdays – with a flight time of 3 hours
40 minutes.
Lufthansa operates four direct
flights a week to Erbil from Frankfurt
– on Tuesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays
and Sundays – with a flight time of
around 4 hours 30 minutes.
Both airlines offer Business and
Economy Class to Erbil. Whichever
travel class you choose, your fare
includes all taxes, fees and charges,
a free baggage allowance, free
seat reservation, free refreshments,
comfortable seats with plenty of
legroom and the excellent service you
would expect from one of the world’s
leading airline groups.
To book, visit
lufthansa.com or austrian.com
To save time at the airport, you can
check in online from 23 hours before
departure, choose your seat and print
out your boarding pass at home or at the
office. Once at the airport, simply check
in your luggage at the Austrian Airlines or
Lufthansa baggage drop-off counter and
go straight to security.
Even more conveniently you can check in
en-route on your internet-enabled mobile
phone and have your boarding pass
sent to your phone. Simply place the 2D
barcode on the scanner at your gate when
you are ready to board.
Earn frequent flyer miles on flights
With Miles & More, you can earn valuable
award miles on flights with Austrian,
Lufthansa and many other airline partners,
as well as with a large number of partners
outside the airline industry. These miles can
then be exchanged for a wide variety of
rewards, from hotels to rental cars. For more
information, visit www.miles-and-more.com
=FI<NFI;
=iXeZ`jZfAJ}eZ_\q
9ljè\jjè@iXh1
Xe\oZ`kè^]lkli\
èk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe
Xe[Y\pfe[
=iXeZ`jZfAJ}eZ_\q#LJLe[\iJ\Zi\kXipf]
:fdd\iZ\]fi@ek\ieXk`feXcKiX[\
@eAle\)''/#k_\LJ;\gXikd\ekf]:fdd\iZ\c\[eè\\X^\i
8d\i`ZXeZfdgXe`\jkf<iY`c#ZXg`kXcf]k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fef]
@iXh#fek_\ÔijkkiX[\d`jj`fekf@iXhè[\ZX[\j%K_\_fjg`kXc`kp
j_fneYpk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXc>fm\ied\eknXjnXidXe[
n\cZfdè^%K_Xkd`jj`fej`êXc\[Xe\ng_Xj\èflii\cXk`fej_`g
n`k_@iXh#]fZljè^dfi\feYl`c[è^\Zfefd`Zk`\jk_ifl^_kiX[\
Xe[èm\jkd\ekk_Xefej\Zli`kp%JèZ\k_\e#n\_Xm\i\klie\[kf
k_\m`YiXekZ`kpf]<iY`cn`k_dfi\ZfdgXe`\j#n\_fjk\[k_\
LJ$@iXh9ljè\jjXe[@em\jkd\ek:fe]\i\eZ\Xe[#dfjki\Z\ekcp#
@c\[XkiX[\d`jj`fekf9X^_[X[%
;liè^dpm`j`k#@c\Xie\[XYflk\ok\ej`m\Yljè\jjXe[
èm\jkd\ekfggfikle`k`\jk_ifl^_flk@iXh%@n`ke\jj\[k_\
\X^\ie\jjn`k_n_`Z_@iXh`Yljè\jjd\eXe[nfd\e[\jì\kfÔe[
[\g\e[XYc\Yljè\jjgXike\ij#\jg\Z`Xccpn`k_k_\Le`k\[JkXk\j%
8[[`k`feXccp#@d\kn`k_dXepYi`^_k#èefmXk`m\#Xe[_Xi[nfibè^
@iXh`j%K_\i\`jefd`jkXbè^k_Xk@iXh`jgf`j\[kfY\Zfd\Xe
\Zfefd`Zc\X[\ièk_\i\^`feXe[k_\nfic[%
Flii\cXk`fej_`gefn\eZfdgXjj\jZfdgi\_\ej`m\gfc`k`ZXc#
\Zfefd`Z#\emìfed\ekXc#k\Z_efcf^`ZXc#Xe[ZlckliXcZffg\iXk`fe%
K_fl^_@iXh`jjk`ccXe\Zfefdp\d\i^è^]ifdXkiflYc\[gXjk#`k`j
\m`[\ekk_Xkk_\Zflekip`jfg\e]fiYljè\jjXe[_XjXYi`^_k
]lkli\%=ifd<iY`ckf9XjiX#@iXh`jXZflekipk_Xk`j[\m\cfgè^X
dXib\kZfe[lZ`m\kfkiX[\#èm\jkd\ek#Xe[gi`mXk\$j\Zkfi
[\m\cfgd\ek%@k`jXZflekipn_\i\fggfikle`k`\jXYfle[#Xe[
n_`Z_[\jì\jkfnfibn`k_nfic[$ZcXjjZfdgXe`\jjfk_Xk`kZXe
[\m\cfgnfic[$ZcXjjè[ljki`\j%
8j@iXhZfekèl\jfek_`jifX[XjXe\d\i^è^\Zfefdp#`kn`cc
Y\@iXhËjgi`mXk\j\Zkfik_Xkc\X[jk_\nXpkfgifjg\i`kp%N_`c\k_\
glYc`Zj\Zkfi_XjXe`dgfikXekifc\kfgcXpèj_Xgè^XYljè\jj$
Xe[èm\jkd\ek$]i`\e[cpZfdd\iZ`Xc\emìfed\ek#`kn`ccY\
èZi\Xj\[gi`mXk\$j\ZkfikiX[\Xe[èm\jkd\ekk_Xkn`ccYl`c[k_\
[peXd`Z\Zfefdpk_Xkn\Xccj\\b%K_`j`jefkcfjkfek_\Yljè\jj
c\X[\ijf]k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fef]@iXh#n_\i\Yljè\jjgifjg\ij%
Kfi\Xc`q\@iXhËj\Zfefd`Zgfk\ek`Xc#k_\^fm\ied\ekf]
@iXhn`cce\\[kfX[[i\jj`dgfikXekZ_Xcc\e^\j%=fièjkXeZ\#k_\
f`cj\ZkfidljkY\ZXi\]lccpdXeX^\[]fik_\Y\e\Ôkf]Xcc@iXh`j#
Xe[k_Xkèmfcm\jgXjjè^XgXZbX^\f]cXnjk_XkZfm\i
i\m\el\$j_Xiè^Xe[dXeX^\d\ekf]k_\_p[ifZXiYfej\Zkfi%
Kfk_Xk\e[#k_\Z\ekiXc^fm\ied\ekf]@iXhXe[k_\Bli[`jkXe
I\^`feXc>fm\ied\ekdljkZfd\kf^\k_\ik_ifl^_gfj`k`m\
\e^X^\d\ek%N`k_flkXc\^Xc]iXd\nfibègcXZ\^fm\ieè^
èm\jkd\ekèk_\_p[ifZXiYfej\Zkfi#Zlii\ekgi`mXk\èm\jkfij
jk`cc]XZ\ÔjZXc#gfc`k`ZXc#Xe[c\^Xci`jbj%N\Xi\ZfeÔ[\ekk_XkjlZ_
Z_Xcc\e^\jn`ccY\X[[i\jj\[kfk_\Y\e\Ôkf]Xccf]@iXh#Xe[Xi\
\eZfliX^\[Ypi\Z\ekXî\\d\ekjfef`c\ogfikj%
@iXh#èZcl[è^k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe#_Xjk_\fggfikle`kpkf
\jkXYc`j_Xi\glkXk`feXjXgi\]\ii\[[\jkèXk`fe]fikiX[\Xe[
èm\jkd\ek#Xe[\[lZXk\k_\^cfYXcYljè\jjZfddle`kpfek_\
gifî\jj`k_XjdX[\%K_\Le`k\[JkXk\j`jgifl[kfjkXe[j`[\Yp
j`[\n`k_@iXh%N\mXcl\k_`j`dgfikXek]i`\e[j_`gXe[n\Xi\
[\[`ZXk\[kf@iXhËjjlZZ\jj%■
),
)-
89FLKBLI;@JK8E
J\kkè^XZflij\]fi
jkXY`c`kpXe[jlZZ\jj
Gif]\jjfi>Xi\k_JkXejÔ\c[èk\im`\njGi`d\Dè`jk\i
;i9Xi_XdJXc`_
Gi`d\Dè`jk\i#n_Xk`jpflim`j`fe]fiBli[`jkXe6
Dpm`j`fe`jj`dgc\Ç`k`jkfj\\Bli[`jkXek_i`m\XjX]\[\iXci\^`fe
f]k_\@iXh`jkXk\%=fik_`jkf_Xgg\e#@iXhXjXn_fc\_XjkfY\
g\XZ\]lc#jkXYc\#[\dfZiXk`ZÇèj_fik#XjkXk\èn_`Z_Bli[`jkXe
ZXeXZ_`\m\`kjgfk\ek`Xckfk_\]lccn`k_flk]\Xi#èk`d`[Xk`fe#
k_i\Xkfi_è[iXeZ\%9lkBli[`jkXeXcjf_XjkfY\XeX^\ekè`kj
fnejlZZ\jj%N\e\\[kfYl`c[jljkXèXYc\\Zfefd`ZjkilZkli\j#
`dgifm\k_\jkXe[Xi[f]c`mè^f]flig\fgc\#Xe[jki`m\kfnXi[j
èjk`klk`feXc`qè^fli[\dfZiXk`ZgifZ\jj\jXe[gifZ\[li\j
]lik_\i#lek`ck_\pY\Zfd\efidj]fiflijfZ`\kpXe[fligfc`k`ZXc
c`]\%Dpm`j`fe]fiBli[`jkXe`jefkkfj\\`kXjJn`kq\icXe[#efikf
j\\<iY`cXj;lYX`ÇXj`jjfd\k`d\jjX`[%Dpm`j`fe`j]fiBli[`jkXe
kfY\jlZZ\jj]lcXe[gifjg\ifljfe`kjfnek\idj#Xe[èXnXp
k_XkY\Ôkjk_\g\fgc\f]k_\I\^`fe%
@]pflZflc[`[\ek`]pfe\Xi\Xk_Xkgifm\jkfk_\èk\ieXk`feXc
Zfddle`kpk_\j\i`flje\jjf]k_\BI>ËjgcXejkf[\m\cfgk_\
I\^`fekfk_\]lcc#n_Xknflc[`kY\6
@knflc[Y\\Xjp\efl^_kfgfèk`dd\[`Xk\cpkfk_\èm\jkd\ek
n\_Xm\dX[\èk_\_p[ifZXiYfejj\Zkfi#Xe[`knflc[Y\Zfii\Zk
kf[fjf%Fligfc`Zpèk_`jj\Zkfi_XjY\\eYiXm\#jlZZ\jj]lc#Xe[
n`cc^f]ifdjki\e^k_kfjki\e^k_èk_\]lkli\%?fn\m\i#k_\i\`j
fe\è`k`Xk`m\n\Xi\glijlè^k_Xkj_flc[Y\Zfej`[\i\[\m\e
dfi\`dgfikXekèk\idjf]_fnn\X`dkf[\m\cfgfliI\^`fe%
K_`j`jk_\èm\jkd\ekn\Xi\dXbè^èfli_ldXei\jfliZ\j%
Fli^fXc`jkfkXgk_\\e\i^p#\eki\gi\e\lij_`g#Zi\Xk`m`kp#Xe[
èk\cc`^\eZ\f]flig\fgc\%N\n`cc[fk_`jYpdXbè^jli\k_Xk
]lkli\^\e\iXk`fejn`ccY\gifm`[\[n`k_k_\Y\jk\[lZXk`fe
Xe[k_Xkflig\fgc\ZXejXk`j]pk_\[\dXe[jf]\dgcfp\ij%
K_Xk`j#è[\\[#Xe`dgi\jj`m\^fXc%:flc[pfl\ogXe[fe_fn
pflèk\e[kfXZ_`\m\`k6
N\_Xm\Xci\X[pY\^lek_\gifZ\jjf]`dgifmè^k_\\[lZXk`fe
Xe[jb`ccjf]flig\fgc\%8[d`kk\[cp#`k`jXgifZ\jjk_Xki\hlì\j
dlZ_èm\jkd\ek#fm\ijlZZ\jj`m\p\Xij#Y\]fi\Xe\e[i\jlck`j
j\\e%?fn\m\i#k_\gifî\jjn\_Xm\dX[\`jZc\Xi]fiXcckfj\\%
:fej`[\ik_\_`^_\i$\[lZXk`fej\Zkfi#]fi\oXdgc\%@e(00(#k_\i\
nXjfecpfe\le`m\ij`kpèk_\\ekì\I\^`feÇJXcX_X[èLe`m\ij`kp
è<iY`c#n_`Z__X[XYflk/#'''jkl[\ekj%K_\pn\i\Y\è^kXl^_k
gifîXdjdf[\c\[kfkXccpfek_fj\Y\è^kXl^_kXZifjjk_\i\jkf]
@iXhÇgifîXdjk_Xkn\i\Xci\X[pfYjfc\k\%Kf[Xp#n\_Xm\j\m\e
le`m\ij`k`\jXZifjjk_\I\^`feXe[n\Xi\fg\eè^]flie\nfe\j%
@eX[[`k`fe#n\_Xm\)'k\Z_e`ZXcèjk`klk\jXe[k_i\\
k\Z_e`ZXcZfcc\^\j#Xe[n\Xi\]XZ`c`kXkè^k_\\jkXYc`j_d\ekf]
gi\jk`^`fljgi`mXk\le`m\ij`k`\jèflidXafiZ`k`\j%K_\j\le`m\ij`k`\j
Xi\Y\è^]\[YpXdfi\\ogXej`m\j\Zfe[Xip\[lZXk`fejpjk\d%
@e(00(#]fi\oXdgc\#Bli[`jkXe_X[fecp(#*)'jZ_ffcjk\XZ_è^
,,'#'''jkl[\ekj%Kf[Xp#n\_Xm\dfi\k_Xe,#'''jZ_ffcjXe[
Xifle[(%+d`cc`fejkl[\ekj%K_\jZXc\f]Z_Xe^\`jXjkfe`j_è^%
?fn\m\i#n\i\Zfê`q\k_Xkn\e\\[kf[fdfi\k_XeYl`c[
jZ_ffcjXe[\[lZXk\jkl[\ekjkfk_\Y\jkf]fliZlii\ekXY`c`k`\j%
@k`jefk^ff[\efl^_Xepdfi\kfY\eZ_dXibfligifî\jjX^Xèjk
k_\i\jkf]@iXh#fi\m\eX^Xèjkflie\`^_Yfij%N\\o`jkèX^cfYXc
Zfddle`kpXe[X^cfYXcdXib\k#jfn\e\\[kfYiè^flijkXe[Xi[j
)/
89FLKBLI;@JK8E
Prime Minister Dr Barham Salih
lgkfXc\m\ck_Xk`jZfdd\ejliXk\n`k_k_\èk\ieXk`feXc
Zfddle`kp%N\e\\[kf\ogfj\fliYi`^_k\jkdè[jkf\og\i`\eZ\j
XZifjjk_\nfic[jfk_Xkk_\pZXei\kliekfBli[`jkXeXe[Y\^èk_\
gifZ\jjf]Yl`c[è^flifneZXgXZ`k`\j%N`k_k_`jèdè[#k_\BI>
_XjcXleZ_\[k_\(''d`cc`fe?ldXe:XgXZ`kp;\m\cfgd\ek
GifîXd#n_`Z_n`ccgifm`[\jZ_fcXij_`gj]fijkl[\ekjkfjkl[p
dXjk\iËjXe[[fZkfiXc[\î\\jXki\efne\[èk\ieXk`feXc
le`m\ij`k`\j%N\e\\[kfY\]fZlj\[Xe[[`jZ`gcè\[Xe[kfk_èb
X_\X[kf\ejli\k_Xkflig\fgc\i\Z\`m\k_\Y\jkkiXèè^k_\pZXe#
Xe[k_Xkk_\ì\og\i`\eZ\jY\e\Ôkk_\i\jkf]Bli[`jkXe%
@epfli\Xic`\i]fi\nfi[#pflXccl[\[kfk_\k\ii`Yc\Zfe[`k`fej
\m`[\ekèBli[`jkXeèk_\(00'j%?fn[f\jk_\BI>gcXekf
`dgifm\c`mè^jkXe[Xi[jèBli[`jkXe#XkXk`d\n_\ek_\
gfglcXk`fe`jèZi\Xjè^#k_\liYXe\emìfed\ek`j\ogXe[è^Xe[
\og\ZkXk`fejXi\Y\è^èZi\Xj\[6
K_`j`j#f]Zflij\#XZi`k`ZXchl\jk`fe#\jg\Z`Xccpn_\ek_\BI>`jjf
_\Xm`cp[\g\e[\eklgfek_\i\m\el\^\e\iXk\[Yp_p[ifZXiYfej%
N\Xi\n\ccXnXi\f]k_\g`k]Xccjf]Yl`c[è^Xe\Zfefdpjf
[\g\e[\eklgfefe\jfliZ\#Xe[n\e\\[kf[f\m\ipk_è^n\ZXe
kf\dYiXZ\k_\Y\e\Ôkjf]k_`jXe[elcc`]p`kjgifYc\dj%=ìjkcp#n\
_Xm\kf\ejli\k_Xkflig\fgc\_Xm\jXk`j]XZkfipgcXZ\jèn_`Z_
kfc`m\%K_`jjfle[jfYm`flj#Ylkn_\egcXZ\[èk_\Zfek\okf]k_\
[\jkilZk`fenifl^_kfeBli[`jkXefm\ik_\[\ZX[\j#k_\Yl`c[è^f]
e\n_fd\j`jf]gXiXdflek`dgfikXeZ\%N\j`dgcpe\\[kf
\ejli\k_Xkk_\YXj`Zi\hlì\d\ekjkfc`m\Xi\XjfeXYc\#_fefiXYc\
c`]\Xi\XmX`cXYc\kfk_\Z`k`q\ejf]k_\I\^`fe%K_\i\]fi\#èk_\
_fljè^j\Zkfi#k_\BI>_XjXccfZXk\[Xe\jk`dXk\[(.'d`cc`fe
]fik_\j\Zfe[g_Xj\f]jlggfik]fik_\?fljè^=le[Çk_\
gligfj\f]n_`Z_`jkfYl`c[.#'''_fljè^le`kjXZifjjk_\I\^`fe
èZffg\iXk`fen`k_èm\jkfij%
@k`jXcjfXYjfclk\cp`dg\iXk`m\k_Xkn\`dgifm\glYc`Z
j\im`Z\jè^\e\iXc%K_`j`jXdXafile[\ikXbè^è[\\[%Bli[`jkXe`j
efcfe^\iXcXi^\cpiliXcjfZ`\kp%FliZ`k`\jXi\cXi^\#flikfnej
eld\iflj#p\kk_\glYc`Zj\im`Z\jXmX`cXYc\n`k_èk_\dXi\#Xk
Y\jk#_Xg_XqXi[èk_\ìfi^Xe`qXk`fe#Xe[#Xknfijk#efe$\o`jk\ek%
JèZ\(00(#n\_Xm\[flYc\[k_\eldY\if]fli_fjg`kXcjkf,'#
Xe[dfi\k_Xeki`gc\[k_\g_pj`Z`Xejn\_Xm\kfXifle[*#-''è
dXep[`]]\i\ekjg\Z`Xc`qXk`fej%N\_Xm\Yl`ckXifle[0''bdf]
ifX[jXe[èjkXcc\[Xifle[+#'''[ièbè^nXk\igifa\Zkj%@e
X[[`k`fe#n\_Xm\ZfejkilZk\[dfi\k_Xe-#/''bdf]j\n\iX^\
î`[jèXccfliZ`k`\jXe[kfnej%K_`j`j`dgi\jj`m\#Ylk`k`jfecpX
jkXik%N\_Xm\dlZ_kfZXkZ_lgfe%
Jf#Gi`d\Dè`jk\i#n_\e`kZfd\jkfm`\nè^Bli[`jkXeËj]lkli\#
`jk_\^cXjj_Xc]$]lccfi_Xc]$\dgkp6
@k`jm\ipdlZ_fm\iÕfnè^%@[feËkn`j_kfjfle[fm\iZfeÔ[\ek#
Ylkk_\i\`jc`kkc\kfjl^^\jkk_XkBli[`jkXeËj]lkli\j_flc[efkY\
m`\n\[èXepk_è^fk_\ik_Xegfj`k`m\k\idj%@Z_Xcc\e^\
[\kiXZkfijkfgfèkkfXepjf$ZXcc\[gifYc\dk_XkBli[`jkXe]XZ\j%
K_\pjXpKlib\pfggfj\jlj#p\kKlib\p`jfe\f]flidfjk
gifdè\ekkiX[\gXike\ij2k_\pjXp8iXYjkXk\jfggfj\lj#p\k
k_\pXi\fg\eè^ZfejlcXk\jè<iY`c#Xe[n\i\Z\`m\k_\_`^_\jk$
c\m\c[\c\^Xk`feji\^lcXicp2k_\pjXp9X^_[X[fggfj\jlj#p\kk_\
Bli[jZfejk`klk\fe\f]k_\dfjkèÕl\ek`XcYcfZjèk_\:fleZ`c
f]I\gi\j\ekXk`m\j#Xe[n\_fc[j\m\iXcgifdè\ekdè`jki`\j#Xj
n\ccXjk_\Gi\j`[\ekf]@iXhY\èêfe\fk_\ik_XeAXcXcKXcXYXe`
_`dj\c]2k_\pjXpfli^fm\ied\eke\\[ji\]fid#Xe[n\
XZbefnc\[^\k_`j#Ylk@Z_Xcc\e^\k_fj\n_fZi`k`Z`q\ljkfgfèk
kfXepfk_\ijkXk\èk_\i\^`fek_Xk`j[fè^dfi\kf\iX[`ZXk\
Zfiilgk`feXe[`dgifm\\]ÔZ`\eZ`\j%
Bli[`jkXe`j_\i\kfjkXp%@k`jefXefdXcpnX`kè^kfY\jn\gk
lgYpcXi^\i^\fgfc`k`ZXcZlii\ekj%@k_Xjgifm\[`kj[liXY`c`kpfm\i
Xki`XccXjkè^knf[\ZX[\j#Xe[n\n`ccgifm\flijlZZ\jjfm\ik_\
]fik_Zfdè^p\Xij%@li^\pflkfafèljèfliaflie\p]finXi[%■
89FLKBLI;@JK8E
8e\nY\^èeè^
;Xm`[IfdXef#Gif]\jjfif]D`[[c\<XjkGfc`k`Zj
XkD`jjfli`JkXk\Le`m\ij`kp#j_Xi\j_`jg\ijfeXc
i\Zfcc\Zk`fejf]k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feËj\d\i^\eZ\
Y\kn\\e(00(Xe[)''*
N_\ek_\(00'$0(>lc]NXi\e[\[#@iXh`Bli[`jkXenXjX
[\mXjkXk\[i\^`fe%@]Bli[`jkXe_X[jl]]\i\[fecp]ifd9X^_[X[Ëj
e\^c\Zkèk_\gi\Z\[è^[\ZX[\j#Xjk_\jflk_f]@iXh[`[#k_\
j`klXk`fenflc[efk_Xm\Y\\ejf[ì\%@eX[[`k`fekfe\^c\Zk#
_fn\m\i#cfe^p\Xijf]j\m\i\i\gi\jj`fe[\mXjkXk\[Xî`Zlckli\#
Z`m`cjfZ`\kp#è]iXjkilZkli\#cfZXc^fm\ieè^èjk`klk`fej#Xe[
k_\\Zfefd`Z$jfZ`Xcjpjk\dè^\e\iXc%
JX[[Xd?ljj\èËjZflek\i$èjli^\eZpZXdgX`êjf]k_\
(0.'jXe[(0/'jZlcdèXk\[èk_\8e]Xc^\efZ`[\f](0/.$//#
n_\elgkf)''#'''@iXh`Bli[jXe[jfd\+#'''f]Bli[`jkXeËj
m`ccX^\jn\i\\c`dèXk\[%;liè^k_\j\p\Xij#k_\\ekì\I\^`fe
i\dXè\[XZcfj\[d`c`kXipqfe\#gi\m\ekè^Xepfe\]ifd^fè^
kfBli[`jkXe]fièm\jkd\ek#kfli`jdfiXepgligfj\fk_\ik_Xe
k_\èZ\jjXekd`c`kXipZXdgX`êj%
@ek_\jgiè^f](00(#Xkk_\\e[f]Fg\iXk`fe;\j\ikJkfid#
XYflk_Xc]f]Bli[`jkXeËj]flid`cc`feg\fgc\kffbn_XkY\cfe^è^j
k_\pZflc[^Xk_\iXe[Õ\[JX[[XdËjX[mXeZè^Xidp#k_i\Xk\eè^
kffm\in_\cdKlib\pn`k_XeèÕlof]i\]l^\\j%K_\Le`k\[JkXk\j#
9i`kXè#Xe[=iXeZ\i\jgfe[\[n`k_Fg\iXk`feGifm`[\:fd]fikXe[
XÊef$Õpqfe\Ëèefik_\ie@iXh#[\epè^JX[[Xdk_\XY`c`kpkf
Zfekèl\Zfekifccè^@iXh`Bli[`jkXeXe[Zi\Xkè^XjX]\_Xm\ekf
n_`Z_k_\i\]l^\\jZflc[i\klie%N_\e9X^_[X[n`k_[i\n`kjZ`m`c
Xe[d`c`kXipg\ijfee\c]ifdk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe#k_\pkffbXcck_\
XggXiXkljf]^fm\ied\ekn`k_k_\dÇèZcl[è^jlggc`\jèmXi`flj
jkfiX^\[\gfkj#nXk\iki\Xkd\ekZ_\d`ZXcj#Xe[\m\ef]ÔZ\
dXk\i`XcjXe[c`^_kYlcYjèk_\mXi`fljdè`jkipYl`c[è^j%
K_\@iXh`Bli[jk_lj]fle[k_\dj\cm\j]i\\]fik_\Ôijk
k`d\Xkk_\\e[f](00(#YlkXcjfjl[[\ecpk_iljkèkfk_\gfj`k`fe
f]^fm\ieè^Xilè\[Xi\Xk_\j`q\f]Jn`kq\icXe[#cXZbè^k_\
dfjkYXj`Ze\Z\jj`k`\jXe[]lccf]k_\ZXjlXck`\jf]nXiÇ
fig_Xej#n`[fnj#k_\nfle[\[ÇXe[[\jkifp\[c`m\c`_ff[j%
K_\ZìZldjkXeZ\jèn_`Z_k_\I\^`fe\d\i^\[dXb\`kj
kiXej]fidXk`feèk_\jlYj\hl\ekp\Xijkilcpi\dXibXYc\#Xe[
)0
*'
89FLKBLI;@JK8E
Jfd\()p\Xijf]XZZ`[\ekXcXlkfefdp
è(00(j\\dkf_Xm\gi\gXi\[@iXh`
Bli[jkfn\Xk_\ik_\[Xe^\ijXe[j\`q\
k_\fggfikle`k`\jf]gfjk$)''*@iXh
An excited group of students learn new media
through the Tiziano Project, Salahaddin University
jkXe[XjXk\jkXd\ekkfn_Xkj\c]$[\k\idèXk`feèk_\_Xe[jf]
^ff[c\X[\ijZXeXZZfdgc`j_è\m\eXj_fikk`d\%K_\Ôijk]i\\
Xe[]Xì\c\Zk`fej\m\i_\c[è@iXhfZZlii\[è(00)#ifl^_cp
jgc`kkè^k_\mfk\Y\kn\\ek_\Bli[`jkXe;\dfZiXk`ZGXikpB;G Xe[GXki`fk`ZLe`fef]Bli[`jkXeGLB %
N_\e@Ôijkm`j`k\[k_\I\^`feèk_\jldd\if](00+#k_\
]\ng\fgc\\ek\iè^]ifdflkj`[\^\e\iXccpYifl^_kn`k_k_\d
YffbjfeXepkfg`ZXe[èXepcXe^lX^\ #d\[`Zè\#Xe[n_Xk\m\i
Zfejld\i^ff[jk_\pZflc[ZXiip%Bli[`jkXei\dXè\[jlYa\Zkkf
knfj\kjf]jXeZk`fejÇk_\èk\ieXk`feXcjXeZk`fej`dgfj\[fe
@iXh#Xe[9X^_[X[ËjfnejXeZk`fej`dgfj\[fek_\Bli[`j_
XlkfefdfljXi\X%N`k_k_\c`kkc\i\jfliZ\jXmX`cXYc\#]\ncèbjkf
k_\flkj`[\nfic[k_`jnXjY\]fi\n`[\jgi\X[èk\ie\kXZZ\jj #
èk\id`kk\ek\c\Zki`Z`kp#Xe[Xeèj\Zli\Xe[k\elfljgfc`k`ZXc
jkXklj#@jXn@iXh`Bli[jYlj`cpi\Yl`c[è^k_\ìjfZ`\kp%@kiXm\c\[
n`k_XBli[`j_[fZkfikfZXdgjf]g\fgc\[`jgcXZ\[YpJX[[XdËj
ZXdgX`êjf]k_\(0/'j#nXkZ_è^n`k_XdXq\d\ekXj_\ki\Xk\[
gXk`\ekjn`k__`jm\ipc`d`k\[XiiXpf]jlggc`\j%@n`ke\jj\[Z`m`c
jfZ`\kpjkXikè^kf\d\i^\#n`k_i\fg\e\[le`m\ij`k`\j#e\n
e\njgXg\ij#Xe[gif]\jj`feXcXjjfZ`Xk`fejjgiflkè^lgèQXb_f#
;l_fb#<iY`c#Xe[JlcX`dXe`X%Bli[`j_\e^è\\ijn\i\ljè^
\ogcfj`m\jXe[dè\jc\]kfm\i]ifdk_\@iXe$@iXhnXi#Xjn\ccXj
gXikj]ifdZ\d\ekXe[:fZX$:fcX]XZkfi`\j#kf[`ê\nf`cn\ccj%
J\c]$ilc\le[\ijlZ_ZìZldjkXeZ\jnXj[`]ÔZlck#Xe[k_\i\
n\i\gifYc\djXe[èkiX$Bli[`j_ZfeÕ`ZkjkfY\jli\%;\jg`k\k_`j#
Ypk_\k`d\@dX[\dpj\Zfe[m`j`kkfBli[`jkXeèJ\gk\dY\i)'''#
k_\I\^`feËjgifî\jjj\\d\[\ogfe\ek`Xc%8ck_fl^_Bli[`jkXenXj
jlYa\Zkkfk_\jXd\èk\ieXk`feXcjXeZk`fejXjJX[[XdËj@iXh#k_\i\
n\i\efdXcefli`j_\[Z_`c[i\eXjèk_\i\jkf]k_\Zflekip%@ejk\X[#
jXk\cc`k\[`j_\j_X[jgile^]ifdj\\dè^cp\m\ipYl`c[è^#Xe[
èk\ie\kZX]j#e\ni\jkXliXekj#jkfi\jj\ccè^dfjkcpKlib`j_^ff[j#
Xe[+#'''i\Yl`ckm`ccX^\j[fkk\[k_\cXe[jZXg\%
K_`ji\dXibXYc\kiXej]fidXk`fefZZlii\[n_\e@iXh`Bli[j
^fkk_\Z_XeZ\kfilek_\ìfneX]]XìjX]k\i(00(%9p)''*#@iXh`
Bli[jXci\X[p\eafp\[X^ff[[\Xcf]\og\i`\eZ\^fm\ieè^
k_\dj\cm\jè[`]ÔZlckZìZldjkXeZ\j#Xe[dXeX^è^XeèZi\Xjè^cp
m`YiXek\Zfefd`Z#jfZ`Xc#Xe[gfc`k`ZXcjZ\e\%;liè^k_\jlYj\hl\ek
p\Xik_Xk@jg\ekc`mè^Xe[Zfe[lZkèî\j\XiZ_èk_\I\^`fe
)''*$)''+ #@jXnk_\gXZ\f]gifî\jjhl`Zb\e\m\eY\pfe[k_Xk
f](00($)''*%Jfd\()p\Xijf]XZZ`[\ekXcXlkfefdpè(00(j\\d
kf_Xm\gi\gXi\[@iXh`Bli[jkfn\Xk_\ik_\[Xe^\ijXe[j\`q\k_\
fggfikle`k`\jf]gfjk$)''*@iXh%K_\pi\dXè]lccf]fgk`d`jd%■
89FLKBLI;@JK8E
8b\pgcXp\ièYl`c[è^X
df[\ie#]\[\iXc@iXh
An official closes a ballot box in Sulaimania at the
end of voting in the 2010 parliamentary elections
K_\i\^`fe_XjY\\e`dgfikXekèjk\\iè^k_\
Zfejfc`[Xk`fef]k_\@iXh`jkXk\#ni`k\jHlYX[KXcXYXe`#
BI>i\gi\j\ekXk`m\èk_\LJ
K_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe[f\jefk\o`jkèXmXZlld%@k`jgXikf]k_\
n`[\ij\kkè^f]@iXhXe[#XjjlZ_#_XjY\\eXe`dgfikXekc\X[\iè
k_\Yl`c[è^f]k_\e\njkXk\#`kj\Zfefdp#Xe[e\ngfc`k`ZXc
jkilZkli\j%K_`ji\cXk`fej_`g`jjpdY`fk`ZÇ`k`j[`]ÔZlckkf`dX^è\
k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feY\è^j\gXiXk\]ifd@iXh#X]\[\iXc@iXh#aljk
Xj`k`jefnaljkXj_Xi[kfZfej`[\i@iXhjlYal^Xkè^k_\Bli[`jkXe
I\^`feèk_\î`\mfljnXpjZfdd`kk\[Ypgi\$)''*
^fm\ied\ekj%K_`ji\cXk`fej_`g`jefnefkfe\Z_XiXZk\i`q\[YpX
ÊZ\ek\iËXe[XÊg\i`g_\ipË#fik_\Bli[jY\è^jlYfi[èXk\kfk_\
î\Xk\igfn\if]k_\Z\ekiXcjkXk\Æ]Xi]ifd`k%K_\:fejk`klk`fef]
)'',`jni`kk\eèjlZ_XnXpk_Xkgif_`Y`kjjlZ_X[\m\cfgd\ek
fZZliiè^%@k`jfe\f]gXike\ij_`gXe[dlklXcY\e\Ôk#n`k_gifî\jj
èk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feÇ\Zfefd`ZXccp#gfc`k`ZXccp#jfZ`XccpÇ
_Xmè^Xgfj`k`m\`dgXZklgfek_\\ekì\kpf]@iXh#Xe[n`k_k_\
i\$\d\i^\eZ\Xe[i\_XY`c`kXk`fef]k_\@iXh`jkXk\XjX]\[\iXc#
[\dfZiXk`qè^#gcliXc`jk`ZjkXk\lck`dXk\cpY\e\Ôkè^Xcc@iXh`j#
èZcl[è^k_fj\èk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe%
K_\ifX[kfk_`jgfèk_XjefkY\\e\Xjp#Xe[k_\i\i\dXè
Z_Xcc\e^\jX_\X[]fiBli[`jkXeXe[]fi@iXh%K_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe#
è)''*#_X[dfi\k_XeX[\ZX[\f]\og\i`\eZ\f]\o`jkè^
Xlkfefdfljcp]ifdk_\i\jkf]@iXh#Y\è^^fm\ie\[Xe[
X[dè`jk\i\[Ypk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXc>fm\ied\ekBI> jèZ\
*(
*)
89FLKBLI;@JK8E
k_\]fidXk`fef]k_\Bli[`jkXeEXk`feXc8jj\dYcpBE8 ]fccfnè^
dlck`$gXikp\c\Zk`fejè(00)%K_\[\ZX[\X]k\i(00)nXjefk\Xjp
]fiBli[`jkXeÇ\o`jkè^le[\iLEjXeZk`fej`dgfj\[X^Xèjk@iXh#
le[\ik_\9XËXk_i\^`d\ËjjXeZk`fejX^Xèjkk_\i\^`fe#Xe[_Xmè^
kf]XZ\k_\ZfejkXekèk\im\ek`fejf]e\`^_Yfiè^gfn\ij%P\kk_\
i\^`fejcfncp#Ylkjli\cp#jkXY`c`q\[%@kjÕ\[^cè^èjk`klk`fej
dXkli\[Xe[k_\n`[\iD`[[c\<Xjki\^`fejcfncpY\^XekfXZZ\gk
k_`je\n\ek`kpXjXe\n]\Xkli\fek_\gfc`k`ZXcdXg%
@ek\ieXk`feXccp#k_\Bli[jXcjfY\^Xekfîfnèk\idjf]k_\ì
jkXkljXe[i\Zfê`k`fe#kfk_\gfèkn_\i\Ypk_\pY\ZXd\b\p
X^\ekjèk_\i\dfmXcf]k_\[`ZkXkfij_`gè)''*%N`k_k_\]Xccf]
k_\^fm\ied\ekf]JX[[Xd?ljj\è#k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe
\d\i^\[XjXe\oXdgc\f]n_XkX]lkli\@iXhZflc[cffbc`b\%
IXk_\ik_Xe[\ZcXi\è[\g\e[\eZ\#XjdXepZi`k`Zjf]Bli[`jkXe
Y\c`\m\[nflc[_Xgg\e#k_\Bli[`j_c\X[\ijjfl^_kkflj\k_\ì
\og\i`\eZ\f]k_\(00'j#Xe[Y\ZXd\èmfcm\[_\Xm`cpèk_\
gifa\Zkf]Yl`c[è^Xe\n#]\[\iXc@iXh%
K_`jZfie\ijkfe\f]k_`jgifa\Zk#Xe[n_Xkj\kjk_\k\idj]fi
k_\i\cXk`fej_`gY\kn\\eBli[`jkXeXe[@iXh#`jk_\:fejk`klk`fe%
=fik_\Ôijkk`d\èk_\_`jkfipf]@iXh#k_\:fejk`klk`fef])'',
nXj[iX]k\[Ypi\gi\j\ekXk`m\jf]\m\ipgfc`k`ZXcZfddle`kp#n`k_
k_\\og\i`\eZ\f]k_\Bli[jY\è^\m`[\ekk_ifl^_flk%
Lejligi`jè^cp#k_\:fejk`klk`fegi\j\ekjX]iXd\nfib]fik_\
jkilZkli\f]k_\jkXk\Xe[`kjb\pèjk`klk`fej%Jligi`jè^cp#g\i_Xgj#
]fidXep`jk_\]XZkk_Xk`kfg\ecpgi\j\ekjXm`j`fef]@iXhhl`k\
[`]]\i\ek]ifdXepk_è^k_Xkn\ekY\]fi\`k#Xe[j`ê`ÔZXekcp
[`]]\i\ek]ifddXepjkXk\jèk_\n`[\ii\^`fe%@]k_\k\idjf]k_\
:fejk`klk`feXi\]fccfn\[#@iXhn`ccY\X]\[\iXc#[\dfZiXk`Z#Xe[
gcliXc`jk`ZjkXk\èn_`Z_k_\i\^`fej#èZcl[è^Bli[`jkXe#_Xm\k_\
i\jgfej`Y`c`kpkf\ejli\k_\ìfne[\m\cfgd\ekn`k_èk_\j\kkè^
gifm`[\[Ypk_\n`[\ijkXk\f]@iXh%K_\j\i\jgfej`Y`c`k`\jèZcl[\
k_\dXeX^\d\ekf]eXkliXci\jfliZ\j2\Zfefd`Z[\m\cfgd\ek2
\[lZXk`feXcdXeX^\d\ek2Xe[k_\gifm`j`fef]^\e\iXcXe[glYc`Z
j\im`Z\j%8cjf#èi\Zfê`k`fef]k_\[\mXjkXk`fenifl^_klgfeXcc
@iXh`jYpk_\\]]\Zkjf]Z\ekiXc`q\[gfn\iè9X^_[X[#k_\Bli[`jkXe
I\^`feËjj\Zli`kpn`ccY\dXeX^\[Yp`kjfne[\]\ej\]fiZ\jÇp\k
jk`ccèk\îXk\[n`k_èn`[\i@iXh`gfn\ijkilZkli\j%
@knflc[Y\Xd`jkXb\#k_fl^_#kfY\c`\m\k_Xkk_\Bli[`j_
c\X[\ij_`gËjgfc`ZpnXjkfYl`c[X:fejk`klk`fek_XkXccfn\[k_\d
j`dgcpkfÊ_`[\Ëk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXnXpèk_\efik_f]@iXh#
gifk\Zk\[Ypk_\[`m`j`fef]i\jgfej`Y`c`k`\jcX`[flkèk_\e\n
]iXd\nfib%IXk_\i#i\gi\j\ekXk`m\jf]k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe_Xm\
Y\\eb\pXZkfijXe[X^\ekjf]Z_Xe^\è9X^_[X[%=fik_\Ôijk
k`d\èk_\_`jkfipf]@iXh#XBli[nXj\c\Zk\[Gi\j`[\ekÇXdfm\
k_Xkè[`ZXk\[Y\pfe[Xcc[flYkk_Xk@iXh_X[n\ccXe[kilcp
Z_Xe^\[%Gi\j`[\ekAXcXcKXcXYXeì\dXèjèf]ÔZ\lek`ck_`j[Xp%
Fk_\igifdè\ek^fm\ied\ekgfj`k`fej_Xm\XcjfY\\e_\c[Yp
c\X[è^Bli[`j_Ô^li\j#èZcl[è^;i9Xi_XdJXc\_Xj;\glkp
Gi`d\Dè`jk\iXe[?fj_pXiQ\YXi`Xj=fi\`êDè`jk\i#Xe[k_\
`dgXZkf]k_\Bli[`j_Zfekè^\ekËjifc\èk_\Yl`c[è^f]k_\e\n
@iXh`jkXk\_XjY\\e]\ckXZifjjk_\YfXi[%
K_\i\_Xm\#f]Zflij\#Y\\e[`]ÔZlck`\j#k\ej`fej#j\kYXZbj#
Xe[gifYc\dj%K_\j`klXk`fe`jÊ[\dfZiXk`qè^Ë#X]k\iXcc#Xe[k_\
kiXej`k`fe_Xjf]k\e]fiZ\[@iXh`jÇXcc@iXh`jÇkfZfe]ifekk_\ìfne
m`\nj#n_`Z__Xm\f]k\eY\\eXkf[[j#XYflk_fnk_\pj\\k_\ì
Zflekip[\m\cfgè^èk_\]lkli\%@iXh_Xj_X[kf]XZ\k_i\XkjXj
j\i`fljXjZ`m`cnXi#`dd\ej\k\iifi`jd#i\^`feXcèk\im\ek`fe#Xe[
Z_ife`Z\Zfefd`Z_Xi[j_`g%P\kXkefgfèkjèZ\)'',_Xm\Xep
f]k_\j\k_i\XkjZXlj\[k_\ZfccXgj\f]k_\i\cXk`fej_`gY\kn\\e
9X^_[X[Xe[<iY`c%@e[\\[#è)'((#n`k_Xî\\d\ekjY\è^
XZ_`\m\[i\^Xi[è^_p[ifZXiYfe[\m\cfgd\ekXe[n`k_Bli[`jkXe#
Xj\m\i#gcXZ\[èXgfj`k`fef]gi`d\i\jgfej`Y`c`kpèjk\\iè^k_\
Zfejfc`[Xk`fef]k_\@iXh`jkXk\`kj\c]#k_\]lkli\f]@iXh#Xe[k_\
Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXjXc\X[è^gXikf]`k#Xgg\XikfY\jfle[%■
For the first time in Iraq’s history,
a Kurd, President Jalal Talabani,
was elected as head of state
89FLKBLI;@JK8E
Cffbè^kf
k_\]lkli\
>Xi\k_JkXejÔ\c[#Gif]\jjfif]D`[[c\<XjkGfc`k`ZjXk
k_\Le`m\ij`kpf]<o\k\i#Zfej`[\ijk_\Z_Xcc\e^\j]XZè^
Bli[`jkXeXe[k_\fggfikle`k`\jk_\pgi\j\ek
DpÔijk\og\i`\eZ\f]Bli[`jkXenXjè(00.%9XZbk_\e#k_\`dgXZk
f]ZfeÕ`Zk#jkXk\fggi\jj`fe#\k_e`ZZc\Xejè^#Xe[k_\c\jj
`dd\[`Xk\Ylkjk`cc[\mXjkXkè^c\^XZpf][\ZX[\jf]\Zfefd`Z
dXi^èXc`qXk`fenXjZc\Xi]fiXcckfj\\%<o`jkè^le[\iknfj\kjf]
\Zfefd`ZjXeZk`fejÇfe\]ifdk_\LEfek_\\ekì\kpf]@iXh#Xe[
fe\]ifdk_\@iXh`^fm\ied\ekX^Xèjkk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feÇk_\
cXe[Xe[`kjg\fgc\jj\\d\[Zfej`ê\[kfXe\o`jk\eZ\f]gfm\ikp#
èjkXY`c`kp#Xe[leZ\ikXèkp%@e[\\[#`knXjefkleljlXckf_\Xif]
k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feY\è^[\jZi`Y\[XjXgi`jfe#Yfk_g_pj`ZXccp
Xe[d\ekXccp#jlZ_nXj`kj`jfcXk`fe]ifdk_\i\jkf]k_\nfic[%
K`d\j_Xm\Z_Xe^\[#Xe[k_\I\^`fekf[Xp`jlei\Zfê`qXYc\
èZfdgXi`jfe%K_\Bli[`jkXef])'((`jXm\ip[`]]\i\ekgcXZ\#Xe[
`kjg\fgc\Xi\XcjfXnfic[XnXp]ifdk_fj\]\Xi]lc#kiXldXk`q\[#
[`jgì`k\[]fcbf]X[\ZX[\X^f%K_\dXafiZ`k`\jf]Bli[`jkXeÇ
<iY`c#JlcX`dXe`X#Xe[;f_lbÇXi\^ff[#`]èZfdgc\k\#d\kXg_fij
jpdYfc`qè^k_\kiXej]fidXk`fejk_Xk_Xm\kXb\egcXZ\%
K_\j\Z`k`\jn\i\feZ\c`kkc\dfi\k_XegifmèZ`Xc#gffikfnej
n`k_fecpXd\dfipf]gi\m`fljîXe[\li#Xj\m`[\eZ\[Ypjk\X[`cp
ZildYcè^XeZ`\ekYl`c[è^j#fidfeld\ekjkf_\if\ji\d\dY\i\[
k_ifl^_kXc\jXe[jfe^jgXjj\[[fne^\e\iXk`fekf^\e\iXk`fe%
?fn\m\i#k_\p_Xm\efnY\Zfd\m`YiXek#]finXi[$cffbè^#
Zfjdfgfc`kXeliYXe\emìfed\ekj#n`k_k_\ìgcXZ\jefkfecpY\è^
d\Xjli\[èk\idjf]k_\ìgfj`k`feèBli[`jkXe#fi\m\e@iXh#Ylk
k_\n`[\ie\`^_Yfi_ff[f]k_\D`[[c\<Xjk%
N_`c\k_\XeZ`\ekYl`c[è^ji\dXèXj\m`[\eZ\f]Bli[`jkXeËj
i`Z_dlck`ZlckliXc_\i`kX^\ÇXe[]\nXi\Xj`dgi\jj`m\Xjk_\
Z`kX[\cf]<iY`cÇk_\p_Xm\Y\\eZfdgc\d\ek\[Ype\nX[[`k`fej
kfk_\liYXe\emìfed\ek#n`k_e\n_fk\cj#^fm\ied\ekYl`c[è^j#
Xe[glYc`Z[\m\cfgd\ekjY\è^Zc\XidXe`]\jkXk`fejf]k_\e\n
m`kXc`kpèBli[`j_jfZ`\kp%:`k`q\ejf]Bli[`jkXe#kff#_Xm\Y\Zfd\
**
*+
89FLKBLI;@JK8E
:`k`q\ejf]Bli[`jkXe_Xm\
Y\Zfd\dfi\ZfeÔ[\ek#cffbè^
]finXi[ènXpjk_Xkn\i\j`dgcp
`dgfjj`Yc\ègi\m`flj[\ZX[\j
dfi\ZfeÔ[\ek#cffbè^]finXi[ènXpjk_Xkn\i\j`dgcp
`dgfjj`Yc\ègi\m`flj[\ZX[\j%Efcfe^\i[fk_\pc`m\è]\Xif]
k_\9XËXk_i\^`d\Xe[`kjj\Zli`kpfi^Xe`qXk`fej#Xe[k_\p
i\Zfê`q\k_Xk#n_`c\dXkk\ijè@iXhi\dXè[`]ÔZlck#k_\Bli[`j_
gfj`k`fen`k_è`k^lXiXek\\jk_Xk`k`jmìklXccp`dgfjj`Yc\]fik_\
gi\m`fljk\ii`Yc\`dgfj`k`fef]Xlk_fi`kXi`Xeilc\kfi\klie%
K_`je\n]fle[]i\\[fd#Zflgc\[n`k_Xe\Zfefdpk_Xk_Xj
[\m\cfg\[j`ê`ÔZXekcpjèZ\k_\]Xccf]k_\[`ZkXkfij_`g#_Xj
èm`^fiXk\[Bli[`jkXeËjjfZ`\kp%<Zfefd`ZXccp#k_\i\jlckjf]
k_`ji\m`kXc`qXk`feXi\Zc\XiÇBli[`jkXecffbjXe[]\\cjèÔe`k\cp
dfi\[\m\cfg\[#gifjg\iflj#Xe[\oZ`kè^k_Xe`k[`[Y\]fi\Çp\k
k_`jèm`^fiXk`feZXeXcjfY\i\Xc`q\[èfk_\inXpj%Bli[`j_ZlckliXc
XZk`m`k`\jXi\efnYcfjjfdè^#n`k_e\nYffbj#dX^Xqè\j#Xe[
aflieXcjY\e\Ôkè^`dd\XjliXYcp]ifdk_\\ogXej`fef]èk\ie\k
gifm`j`feXZifjjk_\i\^`fe#èX[[`k`fekfk_\leZ\ejfi\[jXk\cc`k\
d\[`Xj\im`Z\jk_XkefnZfm\iXccf]Bli[`jkXe%
@dgi\jj`m\k_fl^_Xcck_`j`j#`k`jk_\flkcffbf]k_\g\fgc\
k_XkjkXe[jXYfm\Xcc\cj\%<m\eXkk_\m\ipnfij\k`d\j#k_\
jki\e^k_Xe[i\j`c`\eZ\f]Bli[j#Xcfe^n`k_Xcc@iXh`j#nXjXggXi\ek
kfk_fj\n_f_X[k_\_fefif]nfibè^Xcfe^j`[\k_\dèk_\
(00'jÇX[\ZX[\k_Xk#]fidXep#`jXci\X[pY\^èeè^kfY\j\\e
Xj[`jkXek_`jkfip#jlZ_Xi\k_\^XèjdX[\èi\Z\ekp\Xij%9lkk_\
nXpèn_`Z_k_\g\fgc\f]Bli[`jkXe_Xm\efkfecpX[Xgk\[kf
k_\ìe\n#]i\\i\emìfed\ek#Ylk_Xm\\dYiXZ\[`kXe[jfl^_kkf
\ogcf`k\m\ipfggfikle`kpkfk_\]lcc#`ji\dXibXYc\%
F]Zflij\#k_\i\i\dXèZ_Xcc\e^\jX_\X[%Bli[`jkXe]fidXccp
\o`jkjXjXi\^`fef]@iXh#Ylk`ke\\[j`kjjflk_\ieYfle[Xip
ZcXi`Ô\[Xe[Xî\\[YpXZfejk`klk`feXccpdXe[Xk\[gifZ\jj%
=lik_\idfi\#Xî\\d\ekje\\[kfY\i\XZ_\[n`k_9X^_[X[è
fi[\ikf]lccpi\Xc`q\k_\gfk\ek`Xcefkfecpf]Bli[`jkXeËjf`cj\Zkfi#
Ylkk_Xkf]@iXhXjXn_fc\%
N_`c\`k`ji`^_kXe[gifg\ikfjg\Xbf]Bli[`jkXeËjjlZZ\jj\j#
`k`je\Z\jjXipkfgfèkflkk_\gifYc\djk_Xkjk`cc\o`jkÇ_`^_c\m\cj
f]gfm\ikp#\[lZXk`feèe\\[f]j`ê`ÔZXek`dgifm\d\ek#k_\e\\[
kfjki\Xdcè\^fm\ied\ekjkilZkli\j#Xe[k_\gifm`j`fef][\Z\ek
glYc`Zj\im`Z\jXZifjjk_\\ekì\i\^`fe#kfeXd\YlkX]\nÇk_Xk
_Xm\kfY\X[[i\jj\[èk_\p\XijkfZfd\%P\kk_\j\Z_Xcc\e^\j#
gXik`ZlcXicpZfdgXi\[kfk_\\o`jk\ek`Xcfe\jf]k_\gXjk#j_flc[Y\
m`\n\[Xjfggfikle`k`\j%
DXepf]k_\j\Z_Xcc\e^\jXe[fggfikle`k`\jXi\flkcè\[è
k_\Xik`Zc\jèk_`jglYc`ZXk`fe#Yp^fm\ied\ekf]ÔZ`XcjXe[
è]fid\[fYj\im\ij#n`k_XZXe[fik_Xk`jjki`bè^Xe[è[`ZXk`m\
f]k_\BI>Ëj[\jì\kfXZbefnc\[^\n_\i\n\Xbe\jj\j\o`jk#Xe[
k_\ì_fg\f][\m\cfgè^gXike\ij_`gjkffm\iZfd\k_\d%N`k_
k_`jXggifXZ_ègcXZ\#`kn`ccY\]XjZèXkè^kfj\\Bli[`jkXeèX
]lik_\i('p\XijËk`d\%■
JK89@C@KP
Bli[`jkXeXe[`kje\`^_Yfi_ff[
D`Z_X\cD>lek\iXjj\jj\jk_\[\m\cfgèî\cXk`fej_`gj
Y\kn\\ek_\I\^`feXe[`kje\Xie\`^_Yfij#Xjn\ccXj
îfnè^k`\jn`k_k_\Le`k\[JkXk\jXe[<lifg\
K_\k\idÊBli[`jkXeË_Xj_`jkfi`ZXccpi\]\ii\[kfk_XkXi\Xf]k_\
D`[[c\<Xjkn_\i\Klib\p#@iXe#@iXh#Xe[Jpi`XZfem\i^\#Xe[
n`k_èn_`Z_Bli[jc`m\èk_\dXafi`kp%9\]fi\k_\=ìjkNfic[NXi#
k_`ji\^`fenXjcXi^\cp[`m`[\[Y\kn\\ek_\FkkfdXeXe[G\ij`Xe
\dgì\j%K_`jZfeZ\gkf]Bli[`jkXe#_fn\m\i#`jefkk_\\ek`kpn`k_
n_`Z_k_`jYi`\]\jjXp`jZfeZ\ie\[%IXk_\i#ÊBli[`jkXeË_\i\i\]\ij
fecpkfk_XkXi\Xf]efik_\ie@iXhfi@iXh`Bli[`jkXe#n_`Z_#jèZ\
k_\]Xccf]JX[[Xd?ljj\èè)''*#_Xjc\^XccpY\Zfd\
i\Zfê`q\[Xjk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe#^fm\ie\[Ypk_\\c\Zk\[
Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXc>fm\ied\ekBI> %
CFFB@E>=FIN8I;E\m\iY\]fi\_Xm\k_\Bli[jY\\eXYc\
kffYkXèXc\^Xccpi\Zfê`q\[\ek`kpf]k_\jkXkli\f]k_\BI>%
=lik_\idfi\#Bli[`jkXejkXe[jflkXjXe`jcXe[f]i\cXk`m\g\XZ\
Xe[gifjg\i`kpèXe@iXhjk`ccXYcXq\n`k_m`fc\eZ\Xe[\Zfefd`Z
dXcX`j\%P\k8iXY@iXhi\dXèjk_\BI>ËjgXike\ièk_\gifa\Zkf]
Yl`c[è^X[\dfZiXk`Z]\[\iXc@iXh%8jjlZ_#k_\i\cXk`fej_`g
Y\kn\\e<iY`cXe[9X^_[X[jèZ\)''*#n_`c\Xkk`d\jk\ej\#_Xj
XcnXpjdXèkXè\[X]finXi[$cffbè^Xkk`kl[\#i\Zfê`qè^k_Xk
Zfdgifd`j\Xe[Zfej\ejljXi\e\\[\[#Xe[k_XkBli[`jkXeËj
jlZZ\jj`jXcjf@iXhËjjlZZ\jj%
Cffbèêfik_#k_\i\cXk`fej_`gY\kn\\ek_\Bli[`jkXe
I\^`feXe[Klib\p_XjY\\ekiXej]fid\[%JèZ\k_\\jkXYc`j_d\ek
f]k_\Klib`j_I\glYc`Zfe)0FZkfY\i(0)*#k_\Bli[jn\i\m`\n\[
XjXe\o`jk\ek`Xck_i\Xkkfk_\jlim`mXcf]k_\Klib`j_jkXk\%K_lj#
Klib\pXcjfkffbXc\X[èîfc\èjlggi\jjè^XepdXe`]\jkXk`fef]
Bli[`j_eXk`feXc`jdèXepfk_\iYfi[\iè^jkXk\%8ji\Z\ekcpXj
=\YilXip)''/#k_\Klib`j_d`c`kXipcXleZ_\[XkkXZbjXZifjj`kj
Yfi[\ijèkfBli[`jkXeèXeXkk\dgkkf\c`dèXk\k_\GBB%
:?8E>@E>8KK@KL;<JK_`jKlib`j_e\`^_Yfi_ff[gifYc\d
]fiBli[`jkXejkXik\[kfc\jj\efecpXj\Zfefd`Zk`\jY\kn\\ek_\
knfY\^Xekf[\m\cfg`dgi\jj`m\cpX]k\i)''*%K_\e#\m\edfi\
i\Z\ekcp#Klib\pËje\ngfc`k`ZXc]fi\`êgfc`Zpf]q\ifgifYc\dj
n`k_`kje\`^_Yfijc\[kf`kj]fi\`êdè`jk\i#8_d\k;Xmlkf^cl#
\ogXe[è^_`jZflekipËjjkiXk\^`Z[\gk_Ypm`j`kè^Bli[`jkXeè
FZkfY\i)''0%Klib\p\ogXe[\[k_`jgfc`k`ZXciXggifZ_\d\ekè
DXiZ_)'('Ypfg\eè^X_`^_$gfn\i\[ZfejlcXk\è<iY`c%K_\e#è
Ale\)'('#DXjfl[9XiqXe`nXjèm`k\[kfKlib\ple[\i_`jk`kc\f]
Gi\j`[\ekf]k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe%Dfi\i\Z\ekcp#èDXiZ_)'((#
Gi`d\Dè`jk\iI\Z\g<i[f^XeY\ZXd\k_\ÔijkKlib`j_gi\d`\ikf
m`j`kk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fef]@iXh%K_lj#Bli[`jkXeËjXcc$`dgfikXek
Klib`j_e\`^_Yfikf`kjefik_efngi\j\ekjX]Xi]i`\e[c`\iflkcffb%
Bli[`jkXeËjfk_\idXèe\`^_Yfi#@iXe#gi\j\ekjZ_Xcc\e^\j
Xe[fggfikle`k`\jkfk_\BI>%Bli[`jkXeXe[@iXej_Xi\Xcfe^
_`jkfipf]Zffg\iXk`fe#Xj`ccljkiXk\[n_\e@iXek_i\nfg\e`kj
Yfi[\ij]fidfi\k_Xe(%,d`cc`fe@iXh`Bli[`j_i\]l^\\jÕ\\è^
JX[[Xd?ljj\èËjniXk_#]fccfnè^k_\XYfik`m\Bli[`j_lgi`jè^
èefik_\ie@iXhè8gi`c(00(%JèZ\k_\e#<iY`cXe[K\_iXe_Xm\
[\m\cfg\[jkife^[`gcfdXk`ZXe[Zfdd\iZ`Xccèbj#n`k_\ok\ej`m\
kiX[\Y\è^Zfe[lZk\[XZifjjj\m\iXcj\ZkfijXe[j`ê`ÔZXek
@iXe`XeZfdd\iZ`XcXZk`m`kpXZifjjBli[`jkXe%
>CF98CFLKCFFB=èXccp#n_`c\efkkiX[`k`feXccpe\`^_Yfij
^`m\ek_\^\fîXg_`ZXc[`jkXeZ\jj\gXiXkè^k_\d#k_\Le`k\[
JkXk\jXe[k_\<lifg\XeLe`fe_Xm\Y\Zfd\mìklXce\`^_Yfijf]
Bli[`jkXe[l\kf^cfYXc`qXk`feXe[k_\ìèÕl\eZ\fek_\nfic[%
*,
*-
JK89@C@KP
Bli[`jkXejkXe[jflkXjXe`jcXe[
f]i\cXk`m\g\XZ\Xe[gifjg\i`kp
èXe@iXhjk`ccXYcXq\n`k_m`fc\eZ\
Xe[\Zfefd`ZdXcX`j\
President Barzani has built relationships during meetings with world leaders and senior ministers, including (clockwise from top left) Palestinian President
Mahmoud Abbas, US President Barack Obama, German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier and Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu
K_`j`j\jg\Z`Xccpkil\f]k_\Le`k\[JkXk\j#^`m\e`kjXcc$`dgfikXek
ifc\èZi\Xkè^Xe[jlggfikè^Bli[`jkXe#\m`[\eZ\[YpBli[`jkXe
\jkXYc`j_è^Xi\gi\j\ekXk`m\f]ÔZ\èNXj_è^kfe#;:%
@eX[[`k`fe#èAXelXip)'('#Gi\j`[\ek9XiqXe`m`j`k\[k_\
LJZXg`kXc%8cjf#èJ\gk\dY\i)'('#;i=lX[?ljj\è#:_`\]f]
JkX]]kfGi\j`[\ek9XiqXe`#Xe[=XcX_9Xbì#k_\?\X[f]Bli[`jkXeËj
;\gXikd\ekf]=fi\`êI\cXk`fej#Zfe[lZk\[Xj\i`\jf]d\\kè^j
n`k_LJ^fm\ied\ekf]ÔZ`XcjèYfk_k_\\o\Zlk`m\Xe[c\^`jcXk`m\
YiXeZ_\j%=lik_\idfi\#Klib\pËjfe^fè^XZZ\jj`fegifZ\jj
n`k_k_\<lifg\XeLe`fe_XjXci\X[pYifl^_k<lifg\c`k\iXccplg
kfk_\Yfi[\ijf]Bli[`jkXe%
KfeXm`^Xk\k_\j\Z_Xcc\e^èê\`^_Yfi_ff[j_fXcj
[\dXe[jXjklk\[`gcfdXZp%KfXcXi^\\ok\ek#Bli[`jkXe_Xjd\k
k_`jZ_Xcc\e^\YpZfdd`kkè^kfX]\[\iXcjkXkljn`k_è@iXhk_Xk`j
XZZ\gkXYc\kf`kje\`^_Yfij#n_`c\\eafpè^k_\fggfikle`k`\j#
jkXY`c`kp#Xe[]i\\[fdjk_Xkk_\i\jlckè^Xlkfefdp_XjYifl^_k%■
JK89@C@KP
KiXejZ\e[è^k_\
gfc`k`Zjf]Zfe]ifekXk`fe
Klib\pËjèZi\Xj\[fg\ee\jjè`kjXggifXZ_kfi\cXk`fej
n`k_k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe_Xji\Xg\[jkiXk\^`ZXe[
\Zfefd`ZY\e\Ôkj]fiYfk_j`[\j#ni`k\jC`Xd8e[\ijfe
Fe((DXiZ_)'('#Zfejlc^\e\iXc8p[èJ\cZ\eXii`m\[è<iY`c
kffg\ek_\^fm\ied\ekf]Klib\pËje\nZfejlcXk\èk_\
Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe%9Xi\cpk_i\\dfek_jcXk\i#DXjfl[9XiqXe`
\dYXib\[fe_`jÔijkf]ÔZ`Xcm`j`kkf8ebXiXXjk_\I\^`feËj
i\Zfê`q\[Gi\j`[\ek%8ck_fl^_cXi^\cpfm\icffb\[Ypk_\n\jk\ie
d\[`X#k_\j\\m\ekjXi\Xdfe^k_\dfjk^\fgfc`k`ZXccpj`ê`ÔZXek
f]@iXhËjgfjk$nXi\iX%
DfjkfYm`fljcp#k_\pi\gi\j\ekkXe^`Yc\i\Zfê`k`fefek_\
gXikf]k_\Klib`j_^fm\ied\ekk_XkXeXlkfefdfljBli[`jkXe
I\^`fe`jXg\idXe\ekXe[c\^`k`dXk\Ôokli\fek_\@iXh`gfc`k`ZXc
cXe[jZXg\k_Xk_Xj#Xjfe\fYj\im\iglk`k#Èèjk`klk`feXc`q\[`kj\c]É%
Dfi\YifX[cp#k_\j\\m\ekjn\i\jpdgkfdXk`Zf]k_\k\Zkfe`Zj_`]k
During his groundbreaking visit to Ankara in June
2010, Kurdistan Region President Masoud Barzani
met with Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu
*.
*/
JK89@C@KP
K_\jki\e^k_\eè^f]i\cXk`fej
Y\kn\\e8ebXiXXe[<iY`c
p`\c[jj`ê`ÔZXek\Zfefd`Z
Y\e\Ôkj]fiYfk_j`[\j
èk_\i\cXk`fej_`gY\kn\\e8ebXiXXe[k_\BI>k_Xk_XjfZZlii\[
fm\ik_\cXjkZflgc\f]p\Xij%8i\cXk`fej_`gfeZ\Z_XiXZk\i`q\[Yp
`dgcXZXYc\_fjk`c`kpXe[gleZklXk\[YpèÕXddXkfipi_\kfi`Z_Xj
Y\\ejlg\ij\[\[Ypi\Zfê`k`fef]j_Xi\[jkiXk\^`Zèk\i\jkXe[
k_\i\Xc`qXk`fek_XkYfk_j`[\jXi\Y\kk\if]]XjXcc`\jk_XeXj
\e\d`\j%;i`mè^k_`jkiXej]fidXk`fe_XjY\\eX]le[Xd\ekXc
i\ZXcZlcXk`fefe8ebXiXËjgXikf]`kjjkiXk\^`ZXe[\Zfefd`Z
èk\i\jkjè@iXhXe[k_\i\^`feXjXn_fc\%
;fd\jk`ZXccp#k_\Klib`j_^fm\ied\ekËjXeefleZ\[gfc`Zp
f]È[\dfZiXk`Zfg\eè^ÉkfnXi[`kjfneBli[`j_gfglcXk`feè
8l^ljk)''0`dgc`\[Xi\Zfê`k`fek_Xkk_\i\Zflc[Y\efgli\cp
d`c`kXipjfclk`fekfKlib\pËjgi`ZbcpgifYc\dn`k_k_\GBB%@eXep
e\^fk`Xk\[jfclk`fe#@iXhËjBli[`j_c\X[\ijXi\c`b\cpkfgcXpXb\p
ifc\%=ifdXgiX^dXk`Zg\ijg\Zk`m\#d\Xen_`c\#k_\8BGi\c`\j
_\Xm`cpfeBli[`j_mfk\jkfjljkXè`kj[fdèXekgfj`k`feèKlib`j_
gfc`k`Zj#gifm`[è^Xefk_\ièZ\ek`m\]fi]i`\e[cpi\cXk`fejn`k_<iY`c%
@ek\idjf]8ebXiXËj\]]fikjkf\o\ikèÕl\eZ\n`k_è@iXh#X
gfj`k`m\i\cXk`fej_`gn`k_@iXh`Bli[jXcjfdXb\j^ff[jkiXk\^`Z
j\ej\%K_\Klib`j_gXic`Xd\ekËj[\Z`j`fekf[\epk_\Le`k\[JkXk\j
lj\f]Klib`j_YXj\jkfcXleZ_k_\efik_\ie]ifekf]Fg\iXk`fe
@iXh`=i\\[fd\]]\Zk`m\cpdXi^èXc`q\[8ebXiX]ifdgfjk$nXi
gfc`k`ZXc[\m\cfgd\ekjè@iXh%;\mf`[f]XepkXe^`Yc\èÕl\eZ\
fm\ile]fc[è^\m\ekjè@iXh#`knXji\[lZ\[kf`jjlè^fdèflj
k_i\Xkj]ifdk_\j`[\cè\j#n_`Z_`k_X[e\`k_\ik_\n`ccefik_\
ZXgXZ`kpkfZXiipflk%
N`k_efk_è^kfY\^Xè\[]ifdXgfc`Zpf]fm\ik_fjk`c`kp
kfnXi[k_\BI>#k_\Klib`j_^fm\ied\ekn`j\cpjn`kZ_\[Zflij\
[liè^)''/$'02k_\i\X]k\i#Xdfi\jkl[`\[Xe[jkXk\jdXec`b\
XggifXZ_kfi\cXk`fejn`k_k_\BI>_Xjp`\c[\[dXafiY\e\Ôkj]fi
Klib\p%K_\`ddè\ek[\gXikli\f]8d\i`ZXekiffgj#d\Xen_`c\#
n`ccZi\Xk\XeÈèÕl\eZ\mXZlldÉè@iXhk_Xki\^`feXcgfn\ij#
efkXYcp@iXe#n`ccZfdg\k\kfÔcc%8ebXiXËjY\jk_fg\f]èÕl\eZè^
\m\ekjè9X^_[X[n`ccY\m`X^ff[i\cXk`fejn`k_@iXh`Bli[j%
?\eZ\#]fi8ebXiX#k_\ifX[kf9X^_[X[ilejk_ifl^_<iY`c%
=èXccp#Xe[dfjkfYm`fljcp#k_\jki\e^k_\eè^f]i\cXk`fej
Y\kn\\e8ebXiXXe[<iY`cp`\c[jj`ê`ÔZXek\Zfefd`ZY\e\Ôkj]fi
Yfk_j`[\j%K_\eldY\ijk_\dj\cm\jXi\kilcp`dgi\jj`m\1è)''0#
Turkish companies play a major role
in Kurdistan’s oil and gas sector
kiX[\Y\kn\\ek_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXe[Klib\pi\XZ_\[Xe
\jk`dXk\[/$0Y`cc`feèmXcl\2jfd\-'g\iZ\ekf]k_\]fi\`ê
ZfdgXe`\jfg\iXkè^èk_\I\^`feXi\Klib`j_2Xe[#g\i_Xgj#
/'g\iZ\ekf]^ff[jZfejld\[èk_\I\^`feXi\f]Klib`j_fi`^è%
K_\j\eldY\ijcffbj\kkfèZi\Xj\j`ê`ÔZXekcp`]k_\^fm\ied\ek
f]Klib\pXe[k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fejlZZ\\[è\jkXYc`j_è^k_\
\em`jX^\[]i\\$kiX[\qfe\XZifjjk_\ìZfddfeYfi[\i%
K_\i\Xi\\m\eKlib`j_èk\i\jkjèmfcm\[èk_\Zfekifm\ij`Xc
f`cXe[^Xjj\Zkfi%=fi\oXdgc\#>\e\c<e\ia`fnej++g\iZ\ekf]
k_\KXhKXhf`cÔ\c[#n_`c\Xefk_\iKlib`j_ZfdgXep#G\kf`c#`jèk_\
gifZ\jjf]gldgè^,'d`cc`feèkf[\m\cfgè^f`cXe[^Xjèk_\
Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe%@ek_\cfe^\ik\id#k_\i\Xi\gcXejkfcèblg
@iXhËjf`cXe[^Xji\j\im\j#m`Xk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe#kfk_\dXè
EXYlZZfg`g\cè\%K_`jnflc[dXb\Klib\pXdXafiflkc\k]fik_\
\ogfikf]@iXhËjf`cXe[^Xjkf<lifg\#Xe[gifm`[\jkife^
èZ\ek`m\j]fiXccj`[\jkfdXèkXèZfi[`Xci\cXk`fej%
8ck_fl^_k_\i\Xi\Zc\Xicp`jjl\jk_Xk_Xm\k_\ZXgXZ`kpkf
[`jkliYi\cXk`fejY\kn\\e8ebXiXXe[<iY`cèk_\]lkli\#jlZ_Xj
k_\Zfekèl\[gi\j\eZ\f]k_\GBBfe@iXh`Bli[`j_k\ii`kfipXe[k_\
]Xk\f]f`c$i`Z_[`jglk\[k\ii`kfi`\jèefik_\ie@iXh#k_\[\\g\ik_\
i\cXk`fej_`gY\Zfd\j#k_\\Xj`\i`k`jkf\em`jX^\jlZ_gifYc\dj
Y\è^[\Xckn`k_èXjgì`kf]dXkli\Zfej\ejlj%E\`k_\ij`[\_Xj
dlZ_kf^Xè#Xe[Yfk__Xm\XeXn]lccfkkfcfj\#]ifdXi\kliekf
k_\gfc`k`Zjf]Zfe]ifekXk`fe%■
JK89@C@KP
Fggfikle`kpkf]fi^\Ôid\icèbj
President of the Kurdistan Region Masoud Barzani (third
from left), at a meeting with US President Barack Obama
in the Oval Office, Washington DC, in January 2010
K_\Xci\X[pZcfj\i\cXk`fej_`gY\kn\\ek_\Bli[`jkXe
I\^`feXe[k_\Le`k\[JkXk\j`jj\kkfY\Zfd\jkife^\i#
ni`k\jHlYX[KXcXYXe`#BI>i\gi\j\ekXk`m\èk_\LJ
8jk_\Le`k\[JkXk\j\ek\ijXe\ng_Xj\f]`kji\cXk`fej_`gn`k_
@iXh#`kj_flc[Y\\efidfljcpgifl[f]_fn]Xik_\ZflekipXjX
n_fc\#Xe[k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fejg\Z`ÔZXccp#_XjZfd\%K_\LJ
j_flc[Y\\hlXccp\oZ`k\[XYflkk_\gifî\jjn\Xi\jki`mè^kf
dXb\%K_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fef]@iXh`j#èdXepnXpj#XjlZZ\jj
jkfip%K_Xebjkfk_\jXZi`ÔZ\jXe[mXcfif]LJXe[ZfXc`k`fekiffgj#
`kY\ZXd\XjfliZ\f]jkXY`c`kp#kfc\iXeZ\#îfnk_#jX]\kpXe[
g\XZ\è@iXh%Kf[Xp#k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXe[k_\LJXi\gifm\e
Xcc`\j#n`k_j_Xi\[èk\i\jkjXjn\ccXjj_Xi\[mXcl\j%
@eAXelXip)'('#Gi\j`[\ekf]k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feDXjfl[
9XiqXe`d\kn`k_LJGi\j`[\ekFYXdXèk_\FmXcF]ÔZ\%;liè^
k_`jd\\kè^#Gi\j`[\ekFYXdXi\`k\iXk\[LJjlggfik]fik_\@iXh`
:fejk`klk`feXe[k_\[\dfZiXk`ZgifZ\jjè@iXh#jki\jjè^k_Xkk_\
LJnflc[i\dXèjkife^cpZfdd`kk\[kfk_\j\Zli`kpXe[
gifjg\i`kpf]k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fen`k_èX]\[\iXc@iXh%
=lik_\i#XjXjpdYfcf]Zfekèl\[]i`\e[j_`gXe[
Zffg\iXk`feY\kn\\ek_\LJXe[k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fef]
@iXh#:feî\jjd\eCèZfce;Xm`j;\dfZiXkÆK\ee\jj\\ Xe[Af\N`cjfeI\glYc`ZXeÆJflk_:XifcèX ]fidXccpZi\Xk\[
XBli[`j_8d\i`ZXe:feî\jj`feXc:XlZljn`k_èk_\LJ?flj\
f]I\gi\j\ekXk`m\j#X`d\[Xkjki\e^k_\eè^8d\i`ZXËjk`\j
n`k_k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe%
*0
+'
JK89@C@KP
Dfi\fm\i#k_\ZfekèlfljLJ$BI>[`Xcf^l\i\Õ\Zkjj_Xi\[
mXcl\j%Fe\f]k_\dXepjpdYfcjf]k_\BI>ËjZfdd`kd\ekkf
[\m\cfgd\ekf]k_\I\^`fefek_\8d\i`ZXedf[\c`j`kjZi\Xk`fe
f]k_\8d\i`ZXeLe`m\ij`kpf]@iXhèJlcX`dXe`8L@$J %=fle[\[è
)''-Xe[Zfdd`kk\[kfgifm`[è^Xe8d\i`ZXe$jkpc\c`Y\iXcXikj
\[lZXk`feXkYfk_le[\iîX[lXk\Xe[îX[lXk\c\m\c]fi@iXh`
jkl[\ekj#8L@$J_XjY\\e]lccpXZZi\[`k\[Ypk_\8d\i`ZXe
8ZX[\dp]fiC`Y\iXc<[lZXk`fe%
N`k_fliYljkcè^\Zfefdp#fliZfekèl\[[\dfZiXk`qXk`fe
Xe[k_\jki\e^k_\eè^f]flial[`Z`Xip#n\dljkkXb\k`d\kf
i\d\dY\iXe[XZbefnc\[^\k_\\efidfljjXZi`ÔZ\f]k_\LJXe[
k_\8d\i`ZXeg\fgc\è`kj\]]fikjkfc`Y\iXk\@iXh%N`k_flkk_`j
jXZi`ÔZ\#]fin_`Z_Bli[jn`cc]fi\m\ii\dXèîXk\]lc#n\nflc[efk
Y\n`ke\jjè^fliki\d\e[fljîfnk_%
Kf[Xp#n\èk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXi\k_\jkife^\jk]i`\e[
Xe[Xccpk_Xkk_\LJ_XjèfligXikf]k_\nfic[%Fli_fd\`j
k_\gcXZ\n`k_k_\dfjkgifî\jj`m\gi\jjcXnèk_\i\^`fe2k_\
gcXZ\n`k_X_`^_\ig\iZ\ekX^\f]nfd\eèflic\^`jcXkli\k_Xe
dfjkf]k_\eXk`fejèk_\nfic[2k_\gcXZ\n_\i\:_i`jk`XejXe[
fk_\ijÕ\\èî\c`^`fljg\ij\Zlk`fe]ifd\cj\n_\i\è@iXhZfd\
kfÔe[jXeZklXipXe[X]lkli\%
K_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe`jXcjfk_\gcXZ\n_\i\k_fj\
j\\bè^kfèm\jkÆ]ifdjfd\f]flie\n\jk]i`\e[jjlZ_Xj
US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton meeting KRG President Masoud Barzani
at the State Department, Washington DC, during his visit in January 2010
k_\Bfi\Xejkfe\`^_YfijjlZ_XjKlib\pÆÔe[flie\n
\Zfefdpm`YiXek#gifd`jè^Xe[]lccf]fggfikle`kp%N\_fg\
k_Xkk_`j\ek_lj`Xjdn`ccjgi\X[kfk_\LJgi`mXk\j\Zkfi#Xj
k_\fggfikle`k`\jXi\gc\ek`]lc%
Flijkfip]ifdk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe_XjY\\elgc`]kè^#Ylk
k_\i\`jdfi\kfZfd\%Fligfc`ZpkfY\Zfd\XdXafigif[lZ\i
Xe[jlggc`\if]gfn\ijki\e^k_\ejflijkXe[è^è@iXhXe[
Y\pfe[%Fli]fZljfeèm\jkè^èfli]lkli\YpXggifgi`Xkè^
(''d`cc`fefej\e[è^jkl[\ekjXYifX[]fiDXjk\ijXe[
;fZkfiXk\hlXc`ÔZXk`fejle[\ijZfi\jfli]finXi[$k_èbè^
XggifXZ_%N\le[\ijkXe[k_Xkî\Xk\igfc`k`ZXc#[\dfZiXk`ZXe[
\Zfefd`Zi\]fidjXi\e\Z\jjXip%N\Xi\nfibè^fek_\d#Xe[
n\Xi\fek_\i`^_kgXk_%
8jk_\LJZfekèl\j[iXnè^[fne`kjd`c`kXip]fiZ\jè
@iXh#k_\BI>cffbj]finXi[kfèZi\Xj\[[`gcfdXk`ZXe[
\Zfefd`Zi\cXk`fejY\kn\\ek_\LJ#@iXhXe[k_\Bli[`jkXe
I\^`fe%Dfi\fm\i#k_\BI>n\cZfd\jk_\LJ;\gXikd\ekf]
JkXk\Ëj[\Z`j`fekf\jkXYc`j_X[`gcfdXk`ZZfejlcXk\è<iY`c
kfjfc`[`]pLJ$BI>dlklXcjkiXk\^`Z#Yljè\jjXe[ZlckliXc
èk\i\jkj%K_`jZfejlcXk\#Zflgc\[n`k_flii\gi\j\ekXk`feèk_\
LJ#n`ccj\im\efkfecpXjXjpdYfcf]k_\leYi\XbXYc\Yfe[j
Y\kn\\ek_\LJXe[k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe#YlkXcjfXjXYi`[^\
kf_\cgjki\e^k_\ek`\jèk_\]lkli\%■
J<:LI@KP
8jlZZ\jj]lc\o\iZ`j\
èZfddle`kpgfc`Zè^
BXi`dJèaXi`#BI>Dè`jk\if]k_\@ek\i`fi#_`^_c`^_kj
k_\`dgifm\d\ekèk_\I\^`feËjj\Zli`kpXe[\ogcXèj
fe^fè^[\m\cfgd\ekjècXn\e]fiZ\d\ek
K_\@ek\i`fiDè`jkipÇèZffg\iXk`fen`k_k_\8jX`j_j\Zli`kp
]fiZ\ Xe[èk\cc`^\eZ\XggXiXkljÇf]k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXc
>fm\ied\ekBI> _Xjgi`dXipi\jgfej`Y`c`kp]fièk\ieXcj\Zli`kp
k_ifl^_flkk_\I\^`fe%K_`j`jXZfejk`klk`feXcXlk_fi`kpXe[
i\jgfej`Y`c`kp^lXiXek\\[Ypk_\@iXh`:fejk`klk`feÇi\Zfê`k`fef]
k_\]XZkk_Xkn\_Xm\_X[i\jgfej`Y`c`kp]fiflifnej\Zli`kp\m\i
jèZ\(00(#n_\ek_\]fid\i9XËXk_`jki\^`d\n`k_[i\nXcc`kj
XggXiXkljf]^fm\ied\ekX[dè`jkiXk`fe%N\_Xm\kXb\ek_`j
i\jgfej`Y`c`kpm\ipj\i`fljcp\m\ijèZ\k_\e%
N\_Xm\Y\\e]fikleXk\k_Xk#jèZ\flic`Y\iXk`feè)''*#
n\_Xm\fYkXè\[`dgifm\d\ekj]fiflij\Zli`kp]fiZ\jèk\idj
f]kiXèè^Xe[\hl`gd\ek]ifdfli]i`\e[jèk_\ZfXc`k`fe]fiZ\j%
N\_Xm\XcjfY\\e]fikleXk\k_XkflifneYl[^\kXipj`klXk`fe
_XjY\\edfi\i\c`XYc\Xe[n\_Xm\Y\\eXYc\kffYkXèjfd\
i\jfliZ\jfeflifne%
9lkn\_Xm\XcjfY\\em`Zk`djf]flifnejlZZ\jj%Jfd\
f]fli]i`\e[jèk_\ZfXc`k`feXjjld\k_Xkn\_Xm\efe\\[j
n`k_èflij\Zli`kpXggXiXklj#Xe[Y\c`\m\k_XkXccfidfjkf]k_\
j\Zli`kpi\jfliZ\jZfdè^kf@iXhdljk^fkffk_\igXikjf]k_\
Zflekip%?fn\m\i#k_\p[fefki\Xc`q\k_Xkk_\j\Zli`kpn\\eafp
èBli[`jkXe`jX[\c`ZXk\YXcXeZ\%
DXb\efd`jkXb\#n\[f_Xm\k_i\XkjX^Xèjkflij\Zli`kp
n`k_èBli[`jkXe%N\_Xm\Y\\em\ip]fikleXk\k_Xkn\_Xm\_X[X
jdXcceldY\if]k\iifi`jkXkkXZbjX^Xèjkflig\fgc\Ç]\n\ik_Xe
èjfd\Xi\Xjf]<lifg\fik_\N\jk%?fn\m\i#fe\XkkXZb`jXe
XkkXZbkffdXep%9\ZXlj\n\Xi\XgcliXcXe[[\dfZiXk`ZjfZ`\kp
k_Xk_XjY\\ejlggfik`m\f]fli]i`\e[jèk_\ZfXc`k`fe#n\Ôe[k_Xk
k_\\oki\d`jkjYiè^k_\ì[fZkiè\f]_Xk\Xe[[\jkilZk`fekflj%
N\Xcjf_Xm\Xeèk\ieXk`feXcYfi[\ik_Xkj_Xi\j`kjmXjk\ogXej\
n`k_k_i\\f]flie\`^_Yfiè^Zfleki`\j#k_`jèXgXikf]k_\nfic[
+(
+)
J<:LI@KP
n_\i\k_\mXjkXe[gfifljYfi[\ijXi\jfd\k`d\jlj\[Yp
k_fj\èk\ekfeZXljè^èjkXY`c`kp%;l\kfXcck_\j\]XZkfij#fli
m`^`cXeZ\dljkY\ZfejkXek%
Dfjkf]n_Xkn\_Xm\XZ_`\m\[n`k_èBli[`jkXe_XjY\\e
Yl`cklgfeX]fle[Xk`fef][\[`ZXk\[#i\jfliZ\]lcXe[cfpXcj\im`Z\
]ifdk_\d\eXe[nfd\ef]flij\Zli`kpj\im`Z\j%K_\pgifm`[\
j\Zli`kpn`k_flkXccf]k_\Y\e\Ôkjf]\hl`gd\ekXe[k\Z_efcf^p
k_Xkfk_\igif]\jj`feXcjXifle[k_\df[\ienfic[\eafp%
@k`jXcjf`dgfikXekkfi\Zfê`q\n_pn\_Xm\_X[kfi\cp
jfc\cpfek_\mXclXYc\_ldXei\jfliZ\jn\gfjj\jjn`k_è
Bli[`jkXe%=ifd(00(kf)''*#n\n\i\c`mè^le[\iXj`klXk`fef]
[flYc\jXeZk`fejÇk_fj\jXeZk`fej`dgfj\[[ì\ZkcpYpJX[[Xd
?ljj\è#Xe[è[ì\ZkcpYpk_\nfic[Zfddle`kp#Xjk_\pdfe`kfi\[
k_\ìjXeZk`fejX^XèjkJX[[XdËji\^`d\%;l\kfk_fj\jXeZk`fej#
k_\Le`k\[EXk`fejËF`c]fi=ff[GifîXdZflc[gifm`[\ljn`k_
efk_è^kf_\cgègifk\Zkè^flièk\ieXcj\Zli`kp%
Kf[Xp#n\Xi\èk\ekfe]lik_\i[\m\cfgè^fliXiiXpf]
gfc`Z\]fiZ\jèkfXdf[\ie#gif]\jj`feXcYf[pf]j\Zli`kp]fiZ\j%
FlicXn$\e]fiZ\d\ekZfddle`kpZfej`jkjf]fli^\e\iXcgfc`Z\
]fiZ\k_Xk_Xe[c\jjkXe[Xi[Zi`dèXcdXkk\ij#Xjn\ccXjXeXiiXp
f]jg\Z`Xc`jkgfc`Z\]fiZ\j%
@k`jk_\8jX`j_n_`Z_c`k\iXccpd\XejÈj\Zli`kpÉè<e^c`j_ k_Xkj_flc[\ijk_\dXècfX[èfliÔ^_kX^Xèjkk\iifi`jd%@k`jk_`j
]fiZ\k_Xk`ji\jgfej`Yc\]fiZflek\i$k\iifi`jd#Zflek\i$\jg`feX^\
Xe[Zflek\i$eXiZfk`Zjfg\iXk`fej%K_\p_Xm\gifm\ek`d\Xe[
FliZ`k`q\ejbefn
k_Xkk_\j\Zli`kp
]fiZ\jXi\k_\i\
]fik_\ìgifk\Zk`fe
X^Xèk_Xkk_\pn\ccle[\ijkXe[k_\k_i\Xkjn\]XZ\#Xe[Xi\XcnXpj
j\\bèê\nnXpjkfZfdYXkk_\d#f]k\egi\m\ekè^k\iifi`jk
XZk`m`k`\jY\]fi\k_\pZXe_Xgg\e%
Fe\f]k_\i\Xjfejn_pflij\Zli`kp]fiZ\jXi\jfjlZZ\jj]lc
`jk_\ìZcfj\i\cXk`fej_`gn`k_k_\Z`k`q\ejf]k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe%
N_\i\Xjg\fgc\feZ\]\Xi\[k_\j\Zli`kp]fiZ\j#kf[Xpfli
Z`k`q\ejbefnk_\pXi\k_\i\]fik_\ìgifk\Zk`feXe[Xi\efkX]iX`[
kfZffg\iXk\n`k_k_\d%
I\^Xi[è^dfi\Zfem\ek`feXcZi`d\#@Xd_XggpkfjXpk_Xk
fliZi`d\iXk\jXi\m\ipcfn#\jg\Z`XccpZfdgXi\[n`k_Xepfk_\i
dXafiliYXeXi\Xf]k_\nfic[%N\[f_Xm\jfd\èjkXeZ\jf]
k_\]kXe[Yli^cXip#Xe[jfd\m`fc\ekZi`d\Xjn\cc%?fn\m\i#
XcdfjkXcck_\m`fc\ekZi`d\`jn_Xk@nflc[ZXccjfZ`XcèeXkli\#è
k_Xkk_\g\ig\kiXkfijbefn\XZ_fk_\iXe[k_\èZ`[\ekjXi\f]k\e
Y\kn\\e#fin`k_è#]Xd`c`\j%
@ejg`k\f]Xccf]k_\j\Z_Xcc\e^\j#n\Xi\[\[`ZXk\[kf
gifk\Zkè^Bli[`jkXen_`c\fg\iXkè^n`k_èk_\cXn%@k_XjY\\eX
b\pgièZ`gc\f]k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXc>fm\ied\ekkf\ejli\k_Xk
flij\Zli`kp]fiZ\jle[\ijkXe[Xe[i\jg\Zkk_\gièZ`gc\jf]
_ldXei`^_kj#Xe[kfY\Zfd\^lXi[`Xejf]X[\dfZiXk`Zc`]\jkpc\#
Z`m`cjfZ`\kpXe[#ègXik`ZlcXi#nfd\eËji`^_kj%
@eflkcèè^flij\Zli`kpj`klXk`fe#`k`j`dgfikXekkf
le[\ijkXe[k_Xk@iXh`Bli[`jkXe`jm\ip[`]]\i\ek]ifdk_\i\jkf]
@iXh%:\ikXècpk_\i\_XjY\\e`dgifm\d\ekèk_\jflk_f]@iXh#
Ylkn\_Xm\\eafp\[X_\X[jkXikèjkXY`c`kp%Flig\fgc\Xi\
fgk`d`jk`ZXjk_\pj\\e\n[\m\cfgd\ekXe[ZfejkilZk`fe^fè^
feXifle[k_\dXe[X^fm\ied\eknfibè^kf`dgifm\j\im`Z\j
Xe[hlXc`kpf]c`]\%
DXepèm\jkfijXe[[\m\cfg\ijèk_\èk\ieXk`feXcYljè\jj
Zfddle`kpXcjfj\\i\Xjfej]fifgk`d`jdXe[Xi\cffbè^kf
Bli[`jkXeXjk_\ì^Xk\nXpkfk_\i\jkf]@iXh#Xjk_\pZXejX]\cp
\jkXYc`j__\X[hlXik\ij_\i\%K_\pn`cck_\eY\gf`j\[kfkXb\
X[mXekX^\f]flicfZXk`feXjk_\j\Zli`kp\emìfed\ekZfekèl\j
kf`dgifm\]lik_\ièk_\i\jkf]@iXh%■
Vance contributes to making your world secure
Vance PZH[Y\Z[LKZLJ\YP[`WHY[ULYVMMLYPUN
NSVIHSYPZRJVUZ\S[PUNTHYRL[LU[Y`Z[YH[LN`
WYVQLJ[YPZRHZZLZZTLU[JVU[PUNLUJ`WSHUUPUN
JSVZL WYV[LJ[PVU JYPZPZ YLZWVUZL HUK YPZR
HUHS`ZPZZLY]PJLZ[VTHQVYVPSNHZJVYWVYH[PVUZ
HYV\UK[OL^VYSK>LMVJ\ZVUHUKHZZPZ[`V\
PUHJOPL]PUN`V\YZ[YH[LNPJI\ZPULZZVIQLJ[P]LZ
^P[OPUHJSLHYS`KLÄULKVWLYH[PVUHSMYHTL^VYR
HUK OLSW JSPLU[Z PU avoiding disruptions,
ensuring business continuity HUK sustaining
profitability
Contact a Vance expert
,4,(
(TLYPJHZ oilandgas @ vanceglobal.com
vanceglobal.com
Global expertise in the oil & gas sector
Strong awareness of political
and environmental sensitivities
In-depth intelligence
Local engagement, culturally sensitive
Low profile approach
Experienced in recruiting, vetting
and managing local staff
Dedicated security teams matched to your needs
Focused awareness training to your staff
to operate effectively
Discreet, professional and tailored security solutions
SPONSORED FEATURE
Oliver Westmacott is president of GardaWorld, Garda’s
(TSX:GW) Global Risk Consulting Group.
How long has GardaWorld had an
interest in Kurdistan?
Gardaworld is extremely proud to have been
the first international security provider to focus on the Kurdistan Region, with dedicated
operations starting in 2003. We focused on
building a business using Kurdish personnel,
primarily with expatriates purely in training
and management functions. The intention to
be the first security provider in the Kurdistan
Regional Government (KRG) to focus on the
oil and gas sector came to fruition in 2005 with
the commencement of seismic operations on
the Taq Taq concession. Today, 95 percent
of our personnel are Kurds, many of whom
have been with our company for more than
five years.
Initially, our business focused on providing
security for telecommunications and electrical power-line infrastructure projects, which
progressed to providing cover for more than
3,000 sq km of oil and gas exploration acreage, and low-profile Kurdish-led executive
protection for over 20 clients. Working with
our clients on Corporate Social Responsibility programmes is also a growing area for us.
We provide increasing amounts of remote
primary-care medical support to rural communities within oil and gas concession areas,
with which we actively engage to determine
ways our clients can assist – from building
schools to providing electricity, or drilling
wells.
What is the security situation like on
the ground?
Security in the Kurdistan Region remains
very stable. Since establishing operations in
the Region in 2003, there has not been a single terrorist incident targeting foreigners, and
there has not been a significant successful
attack in the Region in more than two years.
The current economic boom is bringing with
it ever-increasing numbers of foreign workers and large-scale commercial tourism, and
retail projects are now commonplace.
What are your guiding principles?
To provide as high a quality service to international best practice standards using as great
a proportion of Kurdish people as possible,
to invest heavily in training, internal career
progression, and paying competitive salaries.
As a global publicly listed company, we are
bound to the highest ethical standards and
are able to leverage our international experience. As a major security services operator
in the Region, we consider ourselves to be
unique in this respect.
What does the future hold for the
Kurdistan Region?
The KRG is clearly leading the way in Iraq by
ensuring an environment that is extremely appealing to both domestic and foreign investors,
with its huge opportunities in a variety of business sectors, particularly agriculture, tourism
and oil and gas. I am extremely excited by the
economic, political and social progress that is
being made in the Region. With the eagerly
anticipated resolution of the Oil Law, which will
clarify the economic future of the Region, Kurdistan promises to be one of the most exciting
regions of the Middle East in the coming years.
info@garda-world.com
www.garda-world.com
J<:LI@KP
8jX]\i
\emìfed\ek
]fièm\jkd\ek
Masrour Barzani, Head of the Kurdistan Region Security Protection Agency
8eèk\im`\nn`k_DXjifli9XiqXe`#?\X[f]k_\
Bli[`jkXeI\^`feËjJ\Zli`kpGifk\Zk`fe8^\eZp
:Xepflflkcè\k_\`dgifm\d\ekjdX[\èk_\j\Zli`kpj`klXk`fe
èk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feèi\Z\ekp\Xij6
K_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe_XjY\\ei\cXk`m\cpjX]\ègXjkp\Xij#Ylk
effe\ZXe^lXiXek\\XYjfclk\j\Zli`kpXepn_\i\èk_\nfic[%
K_\\Zfefd`ZYffd#k_\gi\j\eZ\Xe[èm\jkd\ekjf]k_\
k_fljXe[jf]]fi\`êZfdgXe`\j#k_\\jkXYc`j_d\ekf][`gcfdXk`Z
d`jj`fej#gXik`ZlcXicpè<iY`c#Xe[#f]Zflij\#q\if]fi\`êm`Zk`dj
Xi\k_\Y\eZ_dXibjf]XjX]\Xe[jkXYc\j`klXk`fe%
N_p`jj\Zli`kp^ff[èk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe6
K_\i\Xi\dXepi\Xjfej%Kfd\ek`fealjkX]\n1k_\[\[`ZXk`fef]
flif]ÔZ\ijXe[g\ijfee\cn_fkì\c\jjcp[\mfk\k_\dj\cm\jkf
gifk\Zkc`m\j#k_\kiljkk_Xkflig\fgc\_Xm\èflij\Zli`kp]fiZ\j#
Xe[k_\ìZfekèlflji\cXk`fej_`gf]gifm`[è^Xe[gXjjè^
è]fidXk`fefejljg`Z`fljXZk`m`k`\j%K_\Bli[jXi\^\e\iXccp
kfc\iXekg\fgc\n_fi\a\Zk\oki\d`jd%;`]]\i\eki\c`^`fej#j\Zkj#
Xe[eXk`feXc`k`\jc`m\j`[\Ypj`[\Xccfm\iBli[`jkXe%K_`ji\Xc`kp_Xj
c\]kc`kkc\iffd]fi\oki\d`jdXe[iX[`ZXc`jdkfîfnèfliI\^`fe%
N_Xkj\Zli`kpj\im`Z\jgifk\Zkk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe6?fnXi\
k_\pc\^XccpdXe[Xk\[6
8ZZfi[è^kfk_\@iXh`:fejk`klk`fe8ik`Zc\()(#k_\BI>`j
i\jgfej`Yc\]fik_\j\Zli`kpf]Bli[`jkXe%?\i\èk_\Bli[`jkXe
I\^`fe#XZZfi[è^kfGXic`Xd\ek;\Zi\\ef%+-f]Efm\dY\i)'
)''+#k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feJ\Zli`kpGifk\Zk`fe8^\eZpnXj
\jkXYc`j_\[kfc\X[#Zffi[èXk\#Xe[gifk\Zkk_\j\Zli`kpj`klXk`fe
èBli[`jkXeÆX^Xèjkk\iifi`jd#fi^Xe`q\[Zi`d\j#Xe[fk_\i
jfliZ\jf]k_i\Xkjkfk_\I\^`fe%K_\Dè`jkipf]k_\@ek\i`fi#Xe[
k_\Jg\Z`XcLe`kjf]G\j_d\i^X=fiZ\jn`k_èk_\Ali`j[`Zk`fef]
Dè`jkipf]G\j_d\i^X#Xi\XcjfgXikf]k_\j\\]]fikj%@e)''-#fli
GXic`Xd\ekgXjj\[XZflek\i$k\iifi`jdcXnkf`[\ek`]pk_\c\^Xc
gifZ\[li\j]fiZflek\i$k\iifi`jdZXj\jèk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe2
flij\Zli`kpfi^Xe`qXk`fe_XjY\\enfibè^XZZfi[è^kfk_`jcXn%
K_\k\idÊ8jX`j_Ë`jd\ek`fe\[f]k\eèk_\gi\jj%N_Xk`j`k6
Ê8jX`j_Ë`jk_\Bli[`j_eXd\]fij\Zli`kp%K_\>\e\iXc;ì\ZkfiXk\f]
J\Zli`kpèfliX^\eZp`jdXècpi\jgfej`Yc\]fiZflek\i$k\iifi`jd#
Zflek\i$eXiZfk`ZjXe[Zflek\i$fi^Xe`q\[Zi`d\%@k`j`dgfikXekkf
efk\k_Xkk_\8jX`j__Xjefgfc`k`ZXc$gXikpX]Ôc`Xk`feXkXcc%@k`jXe
fi^Xe`qXk`fef]k_\BI>%
?fn\]]\Zk`m\`jBI>èk\cc`^\eZ\èZflek\iè^k\iifi`jkk_i\Xkj6
Flifi^Xe`qXk`fe_XjjgXi\[ef\]]fikjkfdXb\jli\k_Xkn\
gifk\Zkk_\c`m\jf]flig\fgc\Xe[gifm`[\XjX]\Xe[g\id`jj`m\
\emìfed\ek1Xe\emìfed\ek]fijkXY`c`kpXe[dfi\\Zfefd`Z
îfnk_%Fligfc`Zp`jkf\c`dèXk\Xepbè[f]k\iifi#Ylk#
le[\ijkXe[è^k_Xkk_\i\`jefXYjfclk\j\Zli`kp#n\jgXi\ef
\]]fikkfdè`d`q\k_\XZk`m`k`\jXe[`dgXZkf]jlZ_îflgj%
@kdljkY\jX`[k_XkfliZffi[èXk`fen`k_fk_\ii\c\mXek
Zflek\igXikj_Xj_\cg\[ljkf[`jdXekc\#[`jilgk#Xe[Yiè^kf
aljk`Z\dfi\k_XeX]\n[fq\ek\iifi`jkîflgjXe[k_\ìc\X[\ij#
Xe[kfjXm\dXepc`m\jfm\ik_\gXjk]\np\Xij%N\_Xm\dXeX^\[
kfgi\m\ekdXepZXkXjkifg_`ZXkkXZbjk_Xkn\i\gcXee\[Ypjl`Z`[\
YfdY\ijXe[fk_\i#jfg_`jk`ZXk\[d\Xej%
+,
+-
J<:LI@KP
Female future members of the security
forces stand to attention during training
at the Police Academy in Erbil
@jk_\i\XgifYc\dn`k_Zi`dèXc`kpèk_\BI>6?fn`jk_`j
Zflek\i\[6N_XkgcXej_Xm\Y\\eglkèkf\]]\Zkkf\ejli\k_Xk
k_\gfc`Z\Xe[al[`Z`XipXi\efnÔk]figligfj\6
KXZbcè^Zi`dèXc`kp`jle[\ik_\ali`j[`Zk`fef]k_\Dè`jkipf]k_\
@ek\i`fi%JèZ\`kj\jkXYc`j_d\ek#k_\BI>_XjXcnXpjèj`jk\[fe
k_\è[\g\e[\eZ\f]k_\al[`Z`Xcjpjk\d#Xe[\ejli\[k_\
gif]\jj`feXc`jdf]I\^`feËjgfc`Z\]fiZ\j%N\ZXegifl[cpjXpk_Xk
flial[`Z`Xcjpjk\dXe[fliZflikjXi\]leZk`feè^XZZfi[è^kfk_\
gifm`j`fejf]k_\c\^Xcjpjk\dn`k_Xcck_\è[\g\e[\eZ\k_\pe\\[#
n`k_flkXepèk\im\ek`fe]ifdXepfk_\igfn\ij%8j]fik_\gfc`Z\
]fiZ\jèk_\I\^`fe#k_\ìkiXèè^`jdXeX^\[YpfliGfc`Z\
8ZX[\dp#n_`Z_nXj\jkXYc`j_\[è(00.%@k_XjY\\em\ip\]]\Zk`m\
ègif]\jj`feXc`qè^fligfc`Z\jpjk\dXe[`dgifmè^fliZXgXZ`kp%
?fnZXe]fi\`êèm\jkd\ek`dgifm\k_\j\Zli`kpf]k_\I\^`fe6
8^ff[\ZfefdpXe[X_`^_\ijkXe[Xi[f]c`mè^Zfeki`Ylk\kf
c\jj\eè^k_\fggfikle`k`\j]fik\iifi`jkj%=fi\`êèm\jkd\ekn`cc
_Xm\XeflkjkXe[è^èglk1kfZi\Xk\afYfggfikle`k`\j]fifli
pfle^^\e\iXk`fe#jki\e^k_\efliè]iXjkilZkli\#lgîX[\jb`ccj#
Xe[èk\îXk\k_\I\^`feËj\Zfefdpn`k_k_\i\jkf]k_\nfic[%
<ogcXèn_p#]ifdXj\Zli`kpg\ijg\Zk`m\#èm\jkè^èBli[`jkXe
j_flc[Y\j\\eXjXjX]\XZk`fekfkXb\%
JèZ\DXp0)''.#k_\i\_Xm\Y\\eq\ifk\iifi`jkèZ`[\ekj%K_\
glYc`ZËjjlggfik]fik_\j\Zli`kpXggXiXklj#k_\g\fgc\Ëj[\dXe[
]fi]lik_\i[\m\cfgd\ek#Xe[k_\gif]\jj`feXc`jdf]flij\Zli`kp
fi^Xe`qXk`fej_Xm\Xccfn\[X]i`\e[cp\emìfed\ek]fièm\jkd\ek%
N_XkXi\k_\Z_Xcc\e^\j]XZè^k_\BI>èk_\p\XijX_\X[6
:fdYXkè^k\iifi`jd`jflidXèZ_Xcc\e^\%8jn\Zfekèl\kf
`dgifm\Xe[[\m\cfg#n\n`ccY\]XZ\[n`k_dfi\Z_Xcc\e^\j%
Gfc`k`ZXc#\Zfefd`ZXe[jfZ`XcZ_Xcc\e^\jn`ccjk`ccY\k_\i\%K_\
flkjkXe[è^`jjl\jY\kn\\e9X^_[X[Xe[<iY`c#`]efki\jfcm\[#
Zflc[[\m\cfgèkfdfi\j\i`fljgifYc\dj%
Fli^fm\ied\ekn`cce\\[kfkXZbc\Zfiilgk`fedfi\
\]]\Zk`m\cp#Xe[kfdfm\Y\pfe[gfc`k`ZXcjkXk\d\ekj%
:`m`cc`Y\ik`\jXi\m\ip`dgfikXekèXep[\dfZiXk`ZZflekip%
CXnXe[aljk`Z\dljkY\]lccp\e]fiZ\[%8jn\dljk[fdfi\kf
gifk\ZkXcci`^_kj]fiflig\fgc\#fli^fm\ied\ekdljknfib
_Xi[\ikfgifk\ZkXe[[\]\e[k_\i`^_kjf]nfd\e#Xe[îXekk_\d
dfi\\hlXcfggfikle`k`\jèk_\jfZ`\kp%■
K?<M@J@FE
Gifjg\i`kp
Xe[j\Zli`kp
Former KRG Prime Minister Nechirvan Barzani
8eèk\im`\nn`k_]fid\iBI>Gi`d\Dè`jk\i
E\Z_ìmXe9XiqXe`#n_fflkcè\jBli[`jkXeËjgifî\jj
jf]XiXe[_`j_fg\j]fik_\I\^`feËj]lkli\
@ek_\cXjkj\m\iXcp\Xijk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe_Xj[\m\cfg\[Xk
Xi\dXibXYc\gXZ\%:XepflZfdd\ekfek_`jXZ_`\m\d\ekYp
flkcèè^pflim`j`feXjk_\Gi`d\Dè`jk\if]k_\gi\m`fljZXYè\k#
gXik`ZlcXicpn`k_i\jg\Zkkf\Zfefd`ZX[mXeZ\d\ek6
K_\Ôijkk_è^kfY\Xièdè[`jk_Xkk_\Z`k`q\ejf]k_\Bli[`jkXe
I\^`fe_Xm\Y\\ek_\\e^è\f]k_`jgifZ\jj%N_\e@Xjjld\[
f]ÔZ\#k_\i\n\i\XeldY\if]jg\Z`ÔZ\Zfefd`ZY\eZ_dXibjk_Xk
@Y\c`\m\[nflc[Zi\Xk\X]iXd\nfib]fijk\X[p[\m\cfgd\ek%=ìjk
Xe[]fi\dfjk#n\_X[kf`dgi\jjlgfek_\g\fgc\Xe[^fm\ied\ek
f]ÔZ`Xcjk_Xkk_\gi`mXk\j\Zkfi#Xe[efkk_\BI>#dljkY\k_\
[i`mè^]fiZ\Y\_è[Zfdd\iZ`Xcîfnk_%
K_\BI>_Xj_X[XcpeZ_gèifc\kfgcXpèknf\jj\ek`Xc
Xjg\Zkj1`dgifm\d\ekjkfè]iXjkilZkli\Xe[Y\kk\i[\c`m\ipf]
YXj`Zj\im`Z\j%Ef\ZfefdpZXe]leZk`fe`]k_\ifX[jXi\ègffi
Zfe[`k`fe#`]\c\Zki`Z`kp`jèj_fikjlggcp#fi`]k_\c\^XcXiZ_`k\Zkli\
kfgifk\Zkèm\jkd\ekXe[Yljè\jjZfekiXZkj`jXYj\ek%@nflc[
c`b\kfZfdd\e[k_\f]ÔZ`Xcjf]\XZ_^fm\iefiXk\]fik_\ì
Zfeki`Ylk`fejè`dgc\d\ekè^XeldY\if]jkiXk\^`Zgifa\Zkjk_Xk
_Xm\i\j_Xg\[k_\I\^`fe%
:Xepfl[\jZi`Y\è[\kX`c_fnpfliZXYè\k`dgc\d\ek\[k_\j\
^fXcj6N_`Z_Xjg\Zkjf][\m\cfgd\ek_Xm\Y\\edfjk`dgfikXek6
Fli\Zfefd`Z[\m\cfgd\ek_XjY\\e`dgi\jj`m\èXeldY\if]
j\Zkfij%;liè^dpk\idXjGi`d\Dè`jk\i@nXjgifl[kfifccflkX
Ôm\$p\XigcXekfi\m`kXc`q\k_\Xî`ZlckliXcè[ljkip#XjkiXk\^`ZXccp
`dgfikXekj\Zkfin`k_mXjkgfk\ek`XcXe[Xe`dgfikXekjfliZ\f]
cXYfi%Flii\kX`cXe[_fjg`kXc`kpè[ljkip_Xj\og\i`\eZ\[
ki\d\e[fljîfnk_%9lkk_\[\m\cfgd\ekjèf`c\ogcfiXk`fe
Xe[k_\lj\f]f`cXe[^Xjkfgfn\ifli\c\Zki`Z`kpî`[n\i\#
g\i_Xgj#k_\dfjk`dgfikXekjk\gj]finXi[%
@k`j`dgfikXekkfi\ZXcck_XkXYjfclk\cpefe\f]flijlZZ\jj
nflc[_Xm\Y\\egfjj`Yc\n`k_flkj\Zli`kp%K_\g\fgc\Xe[k_\
^fm\ied\ekf]k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fefn\Xe\efidflj[\Ykf]
îXk`kl[\kfflij\Zli`kpg\ijfee\c%N`k_flkk_\ì_Xi[nfibXe[
[\k\idèXk`fen\nflc[efkY\n_\i\n\Xi\efn%
?fn[fpflg\iZ\`m\k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXjXi\^`feXc
\Zfefd`ZgcXp\i6?fn`jk_\I\^`feèk\iXZkè^#Zffg\iXkè^#
Xe[Zfdg\kè^èk_\D`[[c\<Xjk6
K_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe`jX]\[\iXc\ek`kpf]@iXhn`k_Xî\Xk
[\Xcf]Xlkfefdp%8jèfk_\i]\[\iXcjpjk\dj#k_\]\[\iXc
Xlk_fi`k`\jf]@iXhj\kdfe\kXip#[\]\ej\#Xe[]fi\`êX]]Xìj
gfc`Zp%8kk_\jXd\k`d\#k_\:fejk`klk`fei`^_kcpîXekj
I\^`fejXe[^fm\iefiXk\jk_\]i\\[fdkfdfm\]finXi[n`k_
\Zfefd`Zè`k`Xk`m\j#Xe[`j[\j`ê\[kf\ejli\k_XkXcc@iXh`j
dfm\]finXi[kf^\k_\i%K_`j`jf]jg\Z`Xcj`ê`ÔZXeZ\n`k_i\jg\Zk
kff`cXe[^Xj%
K_\BI>_XjZi\Xk\[`kjgfc`Z`\jY\Xiè^k_`jèdè[%
9\pfe[j`dgcpX^Xk\nXpkf@iXh#k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe_Xj
Y\Zfd\XYXj\f]fg\iXk`fej]fidXepÔidjXe[fi^Xe`qXk`fej#
i\X[pkf\ogXe[èkf@iXhn_\ek_\k`d\Zfd\j%@eX[[`k`fe#k_\
Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe`jn\ccgcXZ\[kfj\im\XjXYi`[^\Y\kn\\e
k_\>lc]Xe[<lifg\%
+.
+/
K?<M@J@FE
Oil and gas continue to be major drivers of
economic growth in the Kurdistan Region
@j`kXZZliXk\kf[\jZi`Y\\Zfefd`Zèk\iXZk`feXj\jj\ek`Xckfpfli
i\cXk`fej_`gjn`k_e\`^_YfijXe[k_\èk\ieXk`feXcZfddle`kp6
?fn[fpflm`\nk_\gXjkXe[]lkli\f]k_\I\^`fe6N_XkXi\k_\
î\Xk\jkfYjkXZc\jXe[fggfikle`k`\jk_Xkc`\X_\X[6
:\ikXècp%Flii\cXk`fej_`gjn`k_d\dY\ijf]k_\èk\ieXk`feXc
Zfddle`kp_Xm\Y\\eYXj\[cXi^\cpfedlklXccpY\e\ÔZ`Xc
\Zfefd`ZgXike\ij_`gj%@Xdm\ipgifl[f]n_Xkn\XZ_`\m\[
[liè^k_\gi\m`fljX[dè`jkiXk`fe%F]jg\Z`Xcj`ê`ÔZXeZ\
_XjY\\ek_\îfnk_f]^\elè\]i`\e[j_`gY\kn\\efliI\^`fe
Xe[Klib\p%
K_\BI>_XjdX[\XZfeZ\ik\[\]]fikkfi\XZ_flkkfk_\
8iXYnfic[%@k`j]lcÔccè^k_Xkn\ÔeXccp_Xm\8iXYZfleki`\jn`k_
[`gcfdXk`Zi\gi\j\ekXk`feèk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe%C`b\Klib\p#
@iXe`jXe`dgfikXeki\^`feXcjkXk\Xe[n\_Xm\[fe\fliY\jk
kfgifdfk\kiX[\Xe[\Zfefd`ZZffg\iXk`feXe[kf]XZ`c`kXk\
g\XZ\]lcXe[^ff[e\`^_Yficpi\cXk`fej%CXi^\cpXkkiXZk\[Yp
]finXi[$cffbè^c\^`jcXk`fe#XeldY\if]eXk`fej]ifd<lifg\
Xe[Y\pfe[_Xm\èZi\Xj\[k_\ìgi\j\eZ\%
N_\e@nXjpfle^#n\Zflc[fecp[i\Xdf]c`mè^èjX]\kpXe[
g\XZ\%Gifjg\i`kp`j`dgfikXek#Ylk`k`jj\Zli`kpk_Xk`jk_\
]fle[Xk`fe]fiXcck_Xkn\_Xm\XZ_`\m\[%K_\e\n^\e\iXk`fen`cc
efki\ZXccc`]\le[\ik_\9XËXk_i\^`d\#Xe[k_\pn`j_kfc`m\Xj
k_\ìg\\ijèk_\[\m\cfg\[nfic[%K_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fen`cc_Xm\
kfX[Xgkkfe\nZìZldjkXeZ\j%
N\Z\ikXècp_Xm\XeldY\if]Z_Xcc\e^\jkf]XZ\èk_\
p\XijkfZfd\%9Xj\[fedp\og\i`\eZ\#k_fl^_#@i\dXè
k_fifl^_cpfgk`d`jk`Z%P\Xij]ifdefn#@Y\c`\m\k_\Bli[`jkXe
I\^`fef]@iXhn`ccY\X_fkY\[f]\Zfefd`ZXZk`m`kpXe[#g\i_Xgj#
\m\eXi\^`feXc_lY%
N\gfjj\jjXcck_\XkkiXZk`m\kiX`kjf]Xe\d\i^è^dXib\k#
Xe[èk\ieXk`feXcèm\jkfijXe[ZfdgXe`\jXi\\eZfliX^\[kf
\ogcfi\fggfikle`k`\j%K_\k`d\kfèm\jkèk_\]lkli\`jefn%■
K?<M@J@FE
GcXeeè^Xm`YiXek#
jljkXèXYc\\Zfefdp
8eèk\im`\nn`k_;i8c`Jè[`#Dè`jk\if]GcXeeè^è
k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXc>fm\ied\ek
Gc\Xj\\ogcXèk_\dXe[Xk\f]k_\Dè`jkipf]GcXeeè^2n_XkXi\`kj
fYa\Zk`m\jXe[_fn[fpflgcXekfXZ_`\m\k_\j\6
K_\Dè`jkipf]GcXeeè^nXj\jkXYc`j_\[Ypk_\BI>è)''-#
XZZfi[è^kfGXic`Xd\ekCXneldY\i.%K_\Dè`jkip`ji\jgfej`Yc\
]fik_\[\m\cfgd\ekf]jkiXk\^`ZgcXejXe[cfe^$k\idfYa\Zk`m\jkf
_\cg`dgifm\k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe%JlZ_i\jgfej`Y`c`k`\jèZcl[\k_\
gi\gXiXk`fef]k_\XeelXcèm\jkd\ekYl[^\k#^Xk_\iè^[XkXXe[
jkXk`jk`Zj]fik_\I\^`fek_ifl^_jlim\pjXe[Z\ejlj\j#Xe[k_\
[\m\cfgd\ekf]hlXc`kp$ZfekifcjkXe[Xi[j]fi]ff[Xe[dXk\i`Xcj
èZffi[èXk`fen`k_k_\Z\ekiXc^fm\ied\ekè9X^_[X[ %
K_\Dè`jkipf]GcXeeè^`jXcjfZfej`[\i\[Xjk_\YiXeZ_f]
k_\BI>k_Xkjg\Z`ÔZXccp[\Xcjn`k_k_\[fefiZfddle`kpXe[
èk\ieXk`feXcfi^Xe`jXk`fej#jlZ_Xjk_\Le`k\[EXk`fej
fi^Xe`jXk`fej#k_\Nfic[9Xeb#Xe[LJ8@;#n_\eZffi[èXkè^
[\m\cfgd\ekgifa\ZkjXe[X[[i\jjèêfe$gfc`k`ZXc`jjl\j%
:fej`[\iè^k_\Xi\Xjf]XZk`m`kpèn_`Z_k_\Dè`jkipf]GcXeeè^
_Xjèmfcm\d\ek#n_\i\Xi\k_\i\j`ê`ÔZXekfggfikle`k`\j]fi
]fi\`êèm\jkfijkfY\Zfd\èmfcm\[èk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe6
K_\gi`mXk`jXk`fegifZ\jj#n_`Z_nXj\e^è\\i\[Yp]fid\iGi`d\
Dè`jk\iE\Z_ìmXe9XiqXe`#_Xjgifm\ekfY\Xî\XkjlZZ\jjjkfip%
=fi\`êèm\jkd\ekn`k_èk_\\c\Zki`Z`kpj\Zkfiefnd\Xejk_Xk
k_\i\`jX_l^\[`]]\i\eZ\Y\kn\\ek_\jkXkljf]\c\Zki`Z`kp
gifm`j`feèBli[`jkXeXe[k_\i\jkf]@iXh%9pjfcmè^jlZ_XdXafi
gifYc\dèk_`jnXp#n\_Xm\^Xè\[mXclXYc\\og\i`\eZ\Xe[Xi\
efn\ogXe[è^kffk_\ij\Zkfijn`k_èk_\I\^`fe%
8ZZfi[è^kfflijkXk`jk`Zj#k_\i\`jZlii\ekcpXe\\[]fi
(*,#'''_fljè^le`kjXZifjjk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe%K_`j`jn_\i\
èm\jkfijXe[k_\gi`mXk\j\ZkfiZXegcXpXe`dgfikXekifc\%Efk
The construction sector holds
potential for foreign investors
fecp[f\jk_\_fljè^j\Zkfigifm`[\Xj`ê`ÔZXekfggfikle`kp]fi
]fi\`êèm\jkd\ek#Ylk`kXcjf\ejli\jXi\kliefeèm\jkd\ek
jèZ\k_\BI>_Xj\jkXYc`j_\[k_\_fljè^Ôe[n_`Z_#cXjkp\Xi#
jg\Z`ÔZXccpXccfZXk\[)''d`cc`fekfY\jg\ekèjlZ_XnXpk_Xk
^lXiXek\\[XgifÔk]fik_\èm\jkfij%
K_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe\ogXe[jXZifjj/'#'''jhbdXe[#
[\jg`k\`kjmXjkliYXeXe[iliXcXi\Xj#k_\i\`jefkfe\jè^c\
_`^_nXpRf]Xeèk\ieXk`feXcjkXe[Xi[T%K_\i\]fi\#k_\ifX[
ZfejkilZk`fej\Zkfi`jXefk_\iXi\Xk_Xkgifm`[\jj`ê`ÔZXek
èm\jkd\ekgifjg\ZkjjèZ\`k_Xjp\kkfY\i\XZ_\[Ypk_\gi`mXk\
j\Zkfièk\idjf]fg\iXk`fe#ZfejkilZk`feXe[dXèk\eXeZ\%
@ek_\_\Xck_j\Zkfi#n\Y\c`\m\k_\i\Xi\^ff[fggfikle`k`\j
Y\ZXlj\f]Xi`j\èk_\jkXe[Xi[f]c`mè^Xe[XeèZi\Xj\è
èZfd\2g\fgc\Xi\efncffbè^]fiXY\kk\ihlXc`kpf]j\im`Z\#f]k\e
kiXm\ccè^kfAfi[Xe#@iXeXe[Klib\pkfj\\bd\[`ZXcZXi\%?fn\m\i#
+0
,'
K?<M@J@FE
n`k_k_\^fm\ied\ekËjYli\XlZiXZpXj`kZlii\ekcpjkXe[j#k_\i\Xi\
jfd\c`d`kXk`fejkfk_\`dgifm\d\ekf]hlXc`kpfi\ogXej`fef]
Zfm\iX^\#gXik`ZlcXicpn`k_jg\Z`Xck`\jXe[e\nk\Z_e`hl\j%K_\j\
c`d`kXk`fej_Xm\c\[kfXi\m`\nf]k_\_\Xck_jpjk\dèBli[`jkXe
Xe[_Xm\#jlYj\hl\ekcp#fg\e\[[ffij]fi]fi\`êèm\jkfijXe[k_\
gi`mXk\j\Zkfi2]fi\oXdgc\#_\Xck_èjliXeZ\ZfdgXe`\j%
N`k_k_\dXjj`m\\ogXej`fef]<iY`c#JlcX`dXe`XXe[;f_lb#
ZXepfli\Õ\Zkfek_\c\m\cf]gcXeeè^k_Xk`j^fè^èkf
\ogXe[è^k_\j\Z`k`\j6
N_\e`kZfd\jkfgcXeeè^#k_è^jXi\_Xgg\eè^Xk[`]]\i\ekc\m\cj%
8kk_\c\m\cf]k_\BI>#n\Xi\gi\gXiè^XeelXcgcXejèX[[`k`fekf
cfe^$k\idgcXej%N_\epfli\]\iè[`m`[lXccpkf<iY`c#JlcX`dXe`X
Xe[;f_lb#\XZ_f]k_\d_XjXdXjk\igcXek_Xk_XjY\\e
[\m\cfg\[fm\ik_\cXjkk_i\\p\Xij%=fik_\Ôijkk`d\èBli[`jkXeËj
_`jkfip#k_\j\Y`^Z`k`\jXi\efn\ogXe[è^èXdfi\fi^Xe`j\[nXp#
iXk_\ik_XeXZ_Xfk`ZnXpc`b\èk_$00'j#Xe[Y\]fi\%Dfi\fm\i#
k_\cXp\ijXe[[`d\ej`fejf]k_`j\ogXej`feXi\efnjligXjjè^k_\
liYXeXi\Xj2]le[j_Xm\Y\\eXccfZXk\[n`k_èk_\èm\jkd\ek
Yl[^\kkf\eXYc\^fm\iefiXk\jkf[\m\cfgdXjk\igcXej]fik_\
kfnejXjn\cc#]fZljè^fe[`jki`ZkjXe[jfd\jlY$[`jki`Zkj%
K_`jDè`jkipf]GcXeeè^j\\djm\ipn\ccgcXZ\[kfZfdYXkk_\
gifYc\djf]Zfiilgk`fek_Xk\o`jk\[n`k_èk_\BI>%:Xepfli\Õ\Zk
fek_\`dgifm\[m`j`fef]k_\BI>Xe[\ogcXèn_pèm\jkfij
j_flc[Zfej`[\ik_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXjX]\gcXZ\kfèm\jk6
@em\jkfijj_flc[Y\èk\i\jk\[èBli[`jkXeXe[]\\cZfeÔ[\ekk_Xk
k_\ìdfe\pn`ccY\èm\jk\[n`j\cp%Lek`c]flip\XijX^f#k_\BI>
_X[efèmfcm\d\ekn`k_èm\jkfijXe[k_\[\Xcjk_Xkn\i\
\jkXYc`j_\[%?fn\m\i#k_`j`jXm\ip[`]]\i\ekjkfipkf[Xp2n\efn
_Xm\i\^lcXk`fejègcXZ\#jlZ_Xjk_\@em\jkd\ekCXn#n_`Z_
^lXiXek\\kfkXcgifk\Zk`fe]fik_\èm\jkfi%
@ek\idjf]m`j`fe#k_\BI>`jZfejkXekcpjki`mè^kf`dgifm\
k_\glYc`ZXe[gi`mXk\j\Zkfijf]k_\I\^`fe%JèZ$''.#k_\BI>
_XjXZZ\gk\[_\cg]ifdèk\ieXk`feXcfi^Xe`jXk`fejjlZ_XjGn:
Gi`Z\nXk\i_flj\:ffg\ij #BGD>Xe[k_\LBËjEXk`feXcJZ_ffcf]
>fm\ied\ekèfi[\ikf`dgifm\k_\hlXc`kpXjjliXeZ\f]k_\
BI>Ëjg\i]fidXeZ\èk_\mXi`fljj\ZkfijÇXZ_Xe^\k_Xkn\ZXe
[\Ôe`k\cp]\\c`j_Xgg\eè^]fik_\Y\kk\i%K_\îfnk_èBli[`jkXe
n`ccY\m\ip]Xjkfm\ik_\e\ok]\np\XijXe[XjX[ì\Zki\jlck#
n\n`ccZfekèl\kfcffbkfk_\èk\ieXk`feXcZfddle`kp#jlZ_Xj
]fi\`êèm\jkfij#]fi_\cgXe[Xjj`jkXeZ\èfi[\ikfdXb\k_\
dfjkf]k_\fggfikle`k`\jk_Xkn`ccXi`j\%■
The population of Erbil is experiencing the benefits of increasing foreign
investment in Kurdistan with the growth of leisure facilities across the city
SPONSORED FEATURE
The world’s economic
struggles in recent
years do not seem to
have affected Iraq as
much as the political
volatility that has
held back its economy
and the rebuilding
of the country
Having been present in the Iraqi real-estate
market for a decade, ATCONZ has accumulated a good understanding of how the ‘big
machine’ works, and has considered where,
when and how to start rebuilding Iraq. We found
the answers in 2005, when we engaged in a
Kurdistan-Iraq market survey, which resulted in
a $100 million housing project north of Erbil.
The project is expected to be completed at the
end of 2012.
In total, 263 all-sector licenses were
awarded by BOI in the Kurdistan Region
between August 2006 and August 2010, of
which 78 were allocated to housing projects,
with investments of $5.807 billion – 42.19
percent of the $13.766 billion total capital
invested through all 263 licenses.
Common opinion is that joint-venture (JV)
investment allows for a truly beneficial investment partnership, with the transfer of education, management skills and professional
workmanship. However, statistics show that
this type of investment represents only 4.83
percent of the capital invested and, collectively,
the foreign and JV investments represent only
Type of investment
Number of projects
14 percent of total projects. Perhaps this is
why economic development is moving at such
a slow pace.
In our opinion, unless these figures reach
thresholds of 30 to 40 percent in the medium
to long term, Kurdistan-Iraq will not see serious economic development. There are many
opportunities for foreign investors to enrich the
local economy and create the solid foundation
for future growth and prosperity.
According to a UN report, the growth rate
of the population 2007 was 8.1 percent,
which is considered very high. Twenty thousand new units were needed yearly in Erbil
alone from 2007 onwards, and the KRG has
started to implement housing programs such
as the Housing Fund, which targets the lowincome population.
We have identified the following major challenges in the housing sector:
s5NDERDEVELOPEDINFRASTRUCTURESERVICES
s4HEHIGHCOSTOFBUILDINGMATERIALS
s,ACKOFlNANCEORHIGHINTERESTRATES
s,ACKOFFOREIGNINVESTMENT
% by type
% in capital $ Volume
National
226
86
68.7
Foreign*
20
7.6
26.42
Joint Venture**
17
6.4
4.83
*Only 11 foreign investment countries listed. In our observation,
the UAE and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Iran, Japan, China,
India, Australia, Italy are not included on that list.
** From the KRG BOI data, UAE joint venture with Iraqi
companies. Total investment is $11.55 million, Iran $1.85 million
and some major countries are non-existing.
s.O STRINGENT QUALITY ASSURANCECONTROL BY
authorities to enforce accepted international
or local standards
s#ULTURALFACTORS
Using our experience as investors, developers,
contractors and traders, we can carry out multiple projects in the KRG and the rest of Iraq.
We believe that the challenges facing the housing sector can be addressed by implementing
a special program involving a pragmatic partnership between three parties: government;
financial organizations, and developers.
We know that the government is willing to
assign free lands for housing projects and,
as an oil-rich state, can afford to subsidize
mortgage interest rates. It could also offer
state guarantees to financial organizations,
making it possible for experienced developers
to start work immediately on the development
of Iraq’s infrastructure and the completion of
integrated projects, in compliance with local
and international standards. Such a program
will be successful if it is implemented by a
strong government.
dean.michael@atconz.net
,)
K?<M@J@FE
9ffjkè^\ogfikj
kfYXcXeZ\kiX[\
8eèk\im`\nn`k_JèXe:_XcXY`#Dè`jk\if]KiX[\Xe[
@e[ljkipèk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXc>fm\ied\ek
Dè`jk\i#gc\Xj\gifm`[\Xefm\im`\nf]k_\Zlii\ekjkXkljf]è[ljkip
èBli[`jkXe#Xe[k_\jkiXk\^p]figifdfkè^kiX[\n`k_èk_\I\^`fe%
@_Xm\Y\\eDè`jk\if]KiX[\Xe[@e[ljkipjèZ\k_\\jkXYc`j_d\ek
f]k_\jòk_ZXYè\kf]k_\BI>èFZkfY\i)''0%=ifdk_\Ôijk[Xpf]
dpXggfèkd\ek#`knXjZc\Xik_Xkk_\\Zfefd`ZZ_XiXZk\i`jk`Zjf]
k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe_X[Z_Xe^\[[iXdXk`ZXccpjèZ\)''*%K_\fc[
jpjk\d#[fdèXk\[YpjfZ`Xck`\j#_X[Y\\ei\gcXZ\[YpXefg\e$
dXib\kjpjk\d#èfi[\ikfèk\îXk\Bli[`jkXen`k_k_\i\jkf]k_\
nfic[%=XZkfi`\jk_Xk_X[]fid\icpY\cfe^\[kfk_\BI>n\i\jfc[kf
k_\gi`mXk\j\Zkfi#n`k_k_\èk\ek`fek_Xkk_\pdljkkXb\k_\c\X[%
N`k_i\^Xi[kfgifdfkè^kiX[\#n\Xi\`dgfikè^
Xggifo`dXk\cp0'g\iZ\ekf]^ff[j]ifdflkj`[\Ç]ff[#
dXel]XZkli\[^ff[j#Xe[jffeÇXe[_Xm\Y\\eXYc\kf[fjfXj
X[ì\Zki\jlckf]k_\_l^\i\m\el\n\i\Z\`m\]ifdflif`ckiX[\%
?fn\m\i#kfjki\e^k_\ek_\I\^`feËj[\m\cfgd\ek#n\e\\[kf
XZ_`\m\XYXcXeZ\Y\kn\\ek_\^ff[jn\Xi\`dgfikè^Xe[
\ogfikè^#k_\cXkk\iY\è^XeXi\Xk_Xke\\[jXkk\ek`fe%F]Zflij\#
Xe`dgfikXekjk\g`jkfXkkiXZkèm\jkfijjfk_Xkn\ZXeY\e\Ôk
]ifdk_\befnc\[^\Xe[\og\ik`j\k_Xkk_\pZXef]]\ièk_`jXi\X%
Pfld\ek`fe\[k_Xkk_\m`j`fef]k_\Dè`jkipXe[k_\BI>`jkf
_Xm\Xe\Zfefdpk_Xk`jc\[Ypk_\gi`mXk\j\Zkfi#Ylkn`k_k_\
BI>Ëjjlggfik%@eX[[`k`fekfk_\cXnjk_Xk_Xm\Y\\egXjj\[#
gc\Xj\\ogcXè_fnk_`jjlggfiknfibj%
K_\BI>`j[\[`ZXk\[kf\jkXYc`j_è^XeXkkiXZk`m\\emìfed\ek]fi
cfZXcXe[]fi\`êèm\jkd\ek2k_\I\^`feY\e\Ôkj]ifdX_`^_c\m\c
f]j\Zli`kp#f]]\iè^XZfd]fikXYc\Xe[jkXYc\j\kkè^n`k_èn_`Z_
k_\I\^`feËj\Zfefd`Z[\m\cfgd\ekZXeY\\eZfliX^\[%?fn\m\i#
n\Xi\]lccpXnXi\k_Xkn\ZXeefki\jfcm\fli`jjl\jfm\ie`^_k%K_`j
`jXîX[lXcgifZ\jjk_XkdljkY\XggifXZ_\[jk\gYpjk\g%
N\Xi\nfibè^fe\jkXYc`j_è^k_\8ek`$DfefgfcpCXn#k_\
:fdg\k`k`feCXnXe[k_\:fejld\iGifk\Zk`feCXn#n`k_k_\
èk\ek`fef]jki\e^k_\eè^Xe[èZi\Xjè^kiX[\%N\Y\c`\m\k_Xk
èm\jkd\ekj]ifdk_\gi`mXk\j\Zkfij_flc[Y\Zfd\fe\f]k_\
dXèg`ccXijf]fli\Zfefdp#Xe[Xi\k_\i\]fi\Zfdd`kk\[kf
f]]\iè^XjX]\Xe[gifk\Zk`m\\emìfed\ek]fi]fi\`êèm\jkd\ek
kf[\m\cfgèBli[`jkXe%
@k`j]XìkfjXpk_Xkk_\mXi`fljj\Zkfijf]è[ljkipn`k_èk_\
I\^`feXi\le[\i[\m\cfg\[#gi\j\ekè^j`ê`ÔZXekfggfikle`k`\j
]fièm\jkd\ek%N_Xk[fpflk_èbgfk\ek`Xcèm\jkfijj_flc[Y\
cffbè^Xk#jg\Z`ÔZXccp6
Bli[`jkXe_Xjjl]]\i\[]ifd[\ZX[\jf]le[\ièm\jkd\ek%
Gi\m`fljcp#fecpgifa\ZkjXe[èm\jkd\ekjk_Xkn\i\Y\e\ÔZ`Xc
]fik_\i\jkf]@iXhn\i\`dgc\d\ek\[èk_\efik_1]fi\oXdgc\#
[Xdjn\i\ZfejkilZk\[èfi[\i]fik_\i\jkf]@iXhkfZfekifck_\
nXk\ic\m\cjXe[kf^\e\iXk\\c\Zki`Z`kp%
?fn\m\i#efZfej`[\iXk`fenXj^`m\ekfk_\Xî`ZlckliXc
Xjg\Zkf]k_\I\^`fe%K_\i\]fi\#Bli[`jkXe`jefn\og\i`\eZè^
î\Xk]X`cè^jn`k_èk_`jj\Zkfif]è[ljkip#n_`Z_Zc\Xicpgi\j\ekjX
j`ê`ÔZXekfggfikle`kpèk_\]lkli\%
Bli[`jkXe`jèXeèk\i\jkè^^\f\Zfefd`Zgfj`k`fe#f]k\e
[\jZi`Y\[Xjn\XbY\ZXlj\`k`jcXe[cfZb\[#p\kXg`mfkXcI\^`fe
Xdfe^dXep[`]]\i\ekjkXk\j%KiX[\`jXm\ip`dgfikXekgXikf]
k_Xkg`mfkXcXjg\Zk%?fnj`ê`ÔZXek`jkiX[\Y\kn\\eBli[`jkXe
Xe[k_\n`[\iD`[[c\<Xjk6
N\_Xm\kiX[\n`k_@iXe#C\YXefeXe[k_\L8<%?fn\m\i#k_\
î\Xk\jkkiX[\n\_Xm\`jn`k_Klib\p#fnè^kf`kj_`^_$hlXc`kp
K?<M@J@FE
Further investment in industry will be
needed to increase Kurdistan’s exports
gif[lZkjXe[k_\`dgifm\d\ekf]fligfc`k`ZXci\cXk`fej_`gn`k_`k%
F]k_\(#(.']fi\`êZfdgXe`\jZlii\ekcpi\^`jk\i\[le[\ik_\
@em\jkd\ekCXn#Xggifo`dXk\cp-'g\iZ\ekXi\Klib`j_%
=lik_\idfi\#@iXh_Xjj`ê\[XkfkXcf]+/gifkfZfcjn`k_
Klib\pXe[`jgcXeeè^kfZfejkilZkknf\okiXYi`[^\jfm\ik_\
B_XYfliI`m\ièXek`Z`gXk`fef]k_\_l^\èZi\Xj\f]kiX[\
k_ifl^_k_\@YiX_`dB_Xc`ccXe[gfik%K_\Zfdgc\k`fef]k_\_`^_nXp
]ifdD\ijèkfQXb_fn`ccXcjf]XZ`c`kXk\Xe[\eZfliX^\kiX[\
Y\kn\\ek_\j\knfZfleki`\j%
9\kn\\eDXp)''0Xe[DXp)'('#(#+++e\nZfdgXe`\jn\i\
i\^`jk\i\[n`k_k_\BI>#Xi`j\f]Xcdfjk(+g\iZ\ekèfe\p\Xi%F]
k_\j\#(',n\i\]fi\`êZfdgXe`\j%K_`jèZi\Xj\\dg_Xj`j\jk_\
[\dXe[]fièm\jkd\ekXe[Yljè\jjn`k_èk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe%
N_Xknflc[pfljXpkfgfk\ek`Xcèm\jkfijèfi[\ikf\eZfliX^\
k_\dkfZfd\kfk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe6
DXepg\fgc\Xi\le[\ik_\`dgi\jj`fek_Xk`kkXb\jXYiXm\g\ijfe
kfZfd\]ifdX]fi\`êZflekipXe[èm\jk_\i\èBli[`jkXe#Ylk@
[`jXî\\%9\]fi\@Y\ZXd\dè`jk\iXe[nXjèk_\gi`mXk\j\Zkfi#
@èm\jk\[dfi\k_Xe+'d`cc`fe]ifdKlib\pXjX]fi\`êèm\jkfi
kfYl`c[Xe@ek\ieXk`feXc9XZZXcXli\Xk\jZ_ffcè<iY`c%
@i\Zfê`q\k_\I\^`feXjXjX]\_Xm\e]fidpèm\jkd\ek1
e\Xi$g\i]\Zkj\Zli`kp#]\ik`c\cXe[#Xe[XeXkkiXZk`m\Yljè\jj
\emìfed\ekkf\e_XeZ\\Zfefd`Z[\m\cfgd\ek%@Ë[\eZfliX^\
Xepfe\n_f`jk_èbè^f]èm\jkè^kfZfd\Xe[j\\]fik_\dj\cm\j
n_Xkk_`jI\^`fe_Xjkff]]\iÆk_\pnfeËkY\[`jXggfèk\[%■
,*
,+
K?<M@J@FE
<eZfliX^è^èm\jkd\ek
The Tarin Hill development, which covers 4.8 sq km and is situated
18km from Erbil, is a self-contained community that represents a prime
example of investment opportunites in property and construction
Gif]\jjfi>Xi\k_JkXejÔ\c[èk\im`\nj?\i`j_Dl_XiXd#
:_XìdXef]k_\9fXi[f]@em\jkd\ek]fiBli[`jkXe
?fn`jkiX[\Xe[èm\jkd\ekY\è^\eZfliX^\[#Xe[n_Xk_Xj
Y\\e[fe\kf]XZ`c`kXk\èm\jkd\ekè`k`Xk`m\jèBli[`jkXe6
N\Xi\b\\eXjX9fXi[kfZi\Xk\fggfikle`k`\j]fièm\jkd\ekXe[#
k_ifl^_\eXZk\[c\^`jcXk`fe#n\efn_Xm\Xc\^Xc]iXd\nfibXe[
èjk`klk`feXc`q\[èm\jkd\ekXZk`m`k`\j%@k`jZc\Xiefkfecpkfd\#Ylk
kfflkj`[\ijXjn\cc#k_Xkk_\9fXi[f]@em\jkd\ekègXik`ZlcXiXe[
k_\BI>è^\e\iXcXi\dfmè^èknf[ì\Zk`fej1fe\[ì\Zk`fe`jkf
dfY`c`q\k_\èjk`klk`fejjfk_Xkk_\pZXeXYjfiYèm\jkd\ekYp
i\c`\mè^gi\jjli\fek_\gfk\ek`Xcèm\jkfij#k_\fk_\i`jYp
è`k`Xkè^XZk`m`kple[\ik_\@em\jkd\ekCXn%
:Xepfl\ogcXèk_\k\idjf]k_\@em\jkd\ekCXnXe[#gXik`ZlcXicp#
n_\k_\icfZXcfne\ij_`g`je\\[\[f]ZfdgXe`\jËèm\jkd\ekj#Xj
n\ccXjk_\\emìfed\ekk_Xk`kZi\Xk\jkf\eZfliX^\èm\jkd\ek6
K_\@em\jkd\ekCXnnXj[\j`ê\[]flip\XijX^fYpk_\9fXi[f]
@em\jkd\ekkf^`m\gfk\ek`Xcèm\jkfijXeèZ\ek`m\kfZfd\kf
Bli[`jkXe%@kf]]\ij]fi\`ê\ij#i\^Xi[c\jjf]eXk`feXc`kpXe[
K?<M@J@FE
K_\èk\ek`feY\_è[fli
èm\jkd\ekjkiXk\^`\j`jkf
nfibèZfccXYfiXk`fen`k_
èm\jkfijkf`dgifm\Bli[`jkXe
i\c`^`fe#Xe\hlXcfggfikle`kpk_\pdXpefk^\k\cj\n_\i\Yp
gifd`jè^]i\\_fc[fne\ij_`gf]gifg\ikpXe[gifk\Zk`fe]ifd
ZfdglcjfipgXike\ij_`g%K_fj\èmfcm\[n`k_k_\gXjjè^f]k_`j
CXnZXi\]lccpZfej`[\i\[k_\\emìfed\ekf]Bli[`jkXeXe[k_\
Zc`dXk\èn_`Z_Xepgfk\ek`Xcèm\jkd\ekn`cckXb\gcXZ\#Xjk_\
X`d`jefkfecpkf^\e\iXk\dfe\p]fiBli[`jkXeËj\Zfefdp#Ylk
XcjfkfYiè^befnc\[^\Xe[\og\i`\eZ\kfk_\I\^`fe%
=lik_\idfi\#k_\9fXi[f]@em\jkd\ek_XjkXb\ejk\gjkf
`dgifm\fek_\fggfikle`k`\jn\gi\j\ekYp_fc[è^[`jZljj`fejn`k_
fligXike\ij#Xkk\e[è^Zfe]\i\eZ\jXe[k_ifl^_dXkZ_dXbè^
\o\iZ`j\jn`k_fliZflek\igXikjèfk_\iZfleki`\j%N\gifm`[\Xe
\ekì\jlggfikgXZbX^\#]ifdk_\dfd\ekXeèm\jkd\ekgifgfjXc
`jjlYd`kk\[kfk_\9fXi[#i`^_kk_ifl^_kfk_\dfe`kfiè^Xe[
jlg\im`jè^f]Xgifa\ZkfeZ\`k_XjY\\ec`Z\ej\[%
N_Xkfggfikle`k`\jXi\Xi`jè^k_Xk`ccljkiXk\kfgfk\ek`Xcèm\jkfij
n_pBli[`jkXe`jXe\oZ`kè^gcXZ\kfY\fm\ik_\e\okÔm\p\Xij6
:lii\ekcp#k_\i\Xi\)0'XZk`m\gifa\Zkj#^\e\iXkè^Xcdfjk
(+Y`cc`fef]èm\jkd\ek%K_`jZfej`jkjf]),g\iZ\ek]fi\`ê[ì\Zk
èm\jkd\ek#Ôm\kfj\m\eg\iZ\ek]fiafèkm\ekli\jdò\[
[fd\jk`ZXe[]fi\`êèm\jkd\ekj #Xe[k_\i\jkZfdè^]ifd
èm\jkfijn`k_èBli[`jkXe%=ifdk_`j#Xcdfjk*%,Y`cc`fenfik_f]
gifa\Zkj_Xm\Y\\eZfdgc\k\[%=fi\`ê[ì\Zkèm\jkd\ek`j
dfjkcp]ifd8iXYZfleki`\j#gXik`ZlcXicpk_\L8<Xe[C\YXefe#
k_\e<lifg\Xe[k_\LJ%
Jf]Xi#n\_Xm\Y\\ekipè^kflj\k_\c\^Xc]iXd\nfibn\_Xm\
`dgc\d\ek\[kffm\iZfd\jfZ`XcgifYc\dj#jlZ_Xj_fljè^%K_\
9fXi[f]@em\jkd\ek_Xj[\m\cfg\[Xeè`k`Xk`m\kfjlggfik
cfn$èZfd\]Xd`c`\jèfneè^X_flj\#[iXdXk`ZXccp`dgifmè^k_\
c`]\jkpc\jf]Zfddle`k`\j%8efk_\ij\Zkfièn_`Z_n\_Xm\dX[\
`dgifm\d\ekj`jk_Xkf]gfn\iXe[\c\Zki`Z`kp%K_`j`ccljkiXk\j_fn
Bli[`jkXe_XjjlZZ\jj]lccpklie\[`kjj_fikZfdè^jèkf
fggfikle`k`\j]fi]fi\`êèm\jkd\ek%
Dfi\fm\i#@ZXe\Xj`cpj\gXiXk\Bli[`jkXeËjèm\jkd\ek
XZk`m`k`\jèkfknfZXk\^fi`\j2èm\jkd\ekgifa\Zkjn`k_hl`Zb
i\kliej#jlZ_Xjk_\Yl`c[è^f]_flj\j#Xe[cfe^$k\id
èm\jkd\ekj#jlZ_Xjk_\Yl`c[è^f]Ôm\$jkXi_fk\cj%K_\j\
cfe^$k\idfggfikle`k`\j_\cgkfgifdfk\k_\i\^`fef]Bli[`jkXe
YpdXbè^`kXeXkkiXZk`m\gcXZ\kfm`j`kXe[#lck`dXk\cp#èm\jkè%
8î`Zlckli\`jXeXi\Xk_Xk[\jg\iXk\cpe\\[jkfY\
[\m\cfg\[%K_\9fXi[f]@em\jkd\ek`jZlii\ekcpnfibè^è
ZfccXYfiXk`fen`k_Zfddle`kp$YXj\[fi^Xe`jXk`fejkfjlggfik
]Xid\ijè^fè^YXZbkfk_\ìm`ccX^\j#èkif[lZè^k_\dkfk_\
èm\jkfijn_f_Xm\gliZ_Xj\[k_\cXe[Xe[\eZfliX^è^k_\dkf
nfibXj]Xid\ij]fik_\d%K_\i\jlck`jk_Xk]Xid\ij\XieXY\kk\i
nX^\Xe[XZ_`\m\XY\kk\ijkXe[Xi[f]c`mè^n_`c\èZi\Xjè^k_\
c\m\cf]gif[lZk`m`kpn`k_èk_\I\^`fe%
N_XkdXb\jBli[`jkXeXeXkkiXZk`m\èm\jkd\ekgifgfj`k`fe6
8epÔeXck_fl^_kj6
K_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe`jXgXikf]Xm\ipi`Z_Zflekip#Ylkk_\
i\jkf]@iXh`jefkhl`k\i\X[pkfXZZ\gkèm\jkd\ek%K_\BI>
k_\i\]fi\\em`jX^\[Bli[`jkXeY\è^X^Xk\nXpkfk_\i\jkf]@iXh%
K_`jZfeZ\gkf]]\ijXeXkkiXZk`m\èm\jkd\ekfggfikle`kp#Ylk
Bli[`jkXe`kj\c]`jXcjfXkkiXZk`m\%K_\BI>_XjXc\^Xc]iXd\nfib
k_Xk^`m\j]lccgifk\Zk`fen_`c\Y\è^fg\e$dè[\[Xe[]lccp
Õ\o`Yc\n_\e[\Xcè^n`k_gfk\ek`Xcèm\jkfij%Dfi\fm\i#k_\BI>Ëj
n`ccèê\jjkfXZbefnc\[^\Xe[Ô^_kZfiilgk`fen`k_èk_\I\^`fe
`jXefk_\iXkkiXZk`m\hlXc`kp%
Bli[`jkXej_flc[Y\Zfej`[\i\[XjXdf[\c]fi_fnZfleki`\jj_flc[
Y\Êc`mè^kf^\k_\iËèk_\D`[[c\<Xjk%K_\i\Xi\dXepXjg\Zkjk_Xk
Xi\[\m\cfgè^hl`Zb\ik_XenXjkfY\\og\Zk\[#jlZ_Xj[\dfZiXZp#
n_`Z__\cgjfli^fm\ied\ekkffg\iXk\èXdfi\\]]\Zk`m\nXp%
:lii\ekcp#XcXi^\gifgfik`fef]k_\i\^`feËjeXkliXci\jfliZ\j`j
efkY\è^lk`c`q\[kfY\jkX[mXekX^\Xe[n\Xi\b\\ekf[\m\cfg
jkiXk\^`\jkffm\iZfd\k_`j%K_\èk\ek`fe`jkfnfibèZfccXYfiXk`fe
n`k_èm\jkfijkf`dgifm\Bli[`jkXe#Xe[n\n`cc[fk_`jYpj\e[è^
flkk_\i\Xcd\jjX^\iXk_\ik_XeXd`jc\X[è^fe\%■
:XepflhlXek`]pk_\Xdflekf]èm\jkd\ekèk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe6
,,
;/, ;/05;,95(;065(3,9)03;9(+,-(09
6J[VILY
,9)0305;,95(;065(3-(09.96<5+
,9)032<9+0:;(59,.06509(8
,_OPIP[UV^HUKILULÄ[MYVT
[OLVWWVY[\UP[`[V!
:OV^JHZL`V\YWYVK\J[ZH[[OLSHYNLZ[
HUKTVZ[]PZP[LK[YHKLMHPYPU0YHX
:LSS`V\YWYVK\J[ZKPYLJ[S`[V[YHKLYZ
HUKÔVSLZHSLYZMYVTHSSYLNPVUZVM0YHX
5L[^VYR^P[ONV]LYUTLU[HSKLJPZPVU
THRLYZMYVT[OL2\YKPZ[HU9LNPVUHUK
V[OLY0YHXPWYV]PUJLZ
69.(50A,+)@
=,5<,
6--0*0(3-9,0./;-69>(9+,9
)VVR`V\Y:WHJLH[!
^^^LPML_WVJVT
Al Mashraq Street, Villa #2, Hadiab, Ankawa, Erbil - Iraq, Tel: +964 66 2567634, +964 66 2645511 , Fax: +44 20 71066688, , Email: info@ifpiraq.com
Upcoming Events
and Exhibitions
Lebanon
Qatar
Riyadh - KSA
KSA
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait City
Kuwait
Beirut - Lebanon
18 - 22 MAY
27 - 31 MARCH
31 MAY - 3 JUNE
Kuwait
20 - 24 NOVEMBER
Amman - Jordan
31 MAY - 3 JUNE
10 - 13 APRIL
9 - 12 MAY
22 - 26 JUNE
16 - 19 MAY
9 - 12 MAY
16 - 19 MAY
17 - 18 OCTOBER
21 - 23 JUNE
6 - 9 DECEMBER
29 MAY - 1 JUNE
Doha - Qatar
29 MAY - 1 JUNE
2 - 5 MAY
19 - 22 SEPTEMBER
2 - 5 MAY
2 - 5 MAY
16 - 19 OCTOBER
,
28 NOVEMBER - 1 DECEMBER
2 - 5 MAY
Erbil - Iraq
19 - 22 SEPTEMBER
19 - 22 SEPTEMBER
19 - 22 SEPTEMBER
3 - 6 OCTOBER
4 - 6 OCTOBER
24 - 26 MAY
24 - 27 OCTOBER
22 - 24 NOVEMBER
21 - 24 NOVEMBER
11 - 15 DECEMBER
P.O. Box 55576, Beirut, Lebanon, Tel: +961 5 959111
Fax: +961 5 959888, Email: info@ifpexpo.com
www.ifpgroup.net
,/
K?<M@<N=IFD89IF8;
9l`c[è^
i\cXk`fej_`gj
XZifjjYfi[\ij
Falah Mustafa Bakir
8eèk\im`\nn`k_=XcX_DljkX]X9Xbì#?\X[f]k_\
BI>Ëj;\gXikd\ekf]=fi\`êI\cXk`fej
Dè`jk\i9Xbì#Xjpflbefn#èm\jkfijXe[gi`mXk\$j\Zkfi
i\gi\j\ekXk`m\jXkkXZ_î\Xk`dgfikXeZ\kfk_\XY`c`kpf]k_\
Bli[`jkXeI\^`fekfdXèkXèjkifeî\cXk`fejn`k_d\dY\ij
f]k_\èk\ieXk`feXcZfddle`kp%:Xepflk\ccljXYflkk_\
[\m\cfgd\ekf]k_\;\gXikd\ekf]=fi\`êI\cXk`fejXe[
`kjifc\n`k_èk_\BI>6
K_\;\gXikd\ekf]=fi\`êI\cXk`fej;=I ZXd\XYflk
Y\ZXlj\f]Xîfnèê\\[kfY\kk\iZffi[èXk\flièk\iXZk`fe
n`k_]fi\`êi\gi\j\ekXk`m\jXe[m`j`kfij%@knXj#èdXepnXpj#
XeXkliXcgifî\jj`fe#Xe[@Y\c`\m\k_Xkk_\[\gXikd\ekefn
j\im\jXe`dgfikXekXe[le`hl\gligfj\]fik_\BI>%G\ijfeXccp#
`k_XjY\\eXgc\Xjli\Xe[Xe_fefikfgXik`Z`gXk\èXZi`k`ZXc
Xjg\Zkf]BI>gfc`Zp#Zi\Xkè^gXike\ij_`gjfm\ij\XjXe[
jki\e^k_\eè^]i`\e[j_`gjn`k_b\pXcc`\j#èZffi[èXk`fen`k_
@iXhËj]\[\iXc=fi\`êDè`jkip%
8e\oXdgc\f]k_`j`jk_\iXg`[\ogXej`fef][`gcfdXk`Z
i\gi\j\ekXk`fejgfjk\[è<iY`c#k_\ZXg`kXcf]k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe%
K_\i\Xi\efn)'jlZ_f]ÔZ\j#èZcl[è^ZfejlcXk\j^\e\iXc#
\dYXjjpf]ÔZ\j#kiX[\f]ÔZ\j#Xe[_fefiXipZfejlcj%K_\;=I
gifdfk\jXe[]XZ`c`kXk\jk_\XZk`m`k`\jf][`gcfdXkjèk_\I\^`fe#
Xe[@Y\c`\m\k_Xkk_\ìgi\j\eZ\Xe[k_\ìZfeki`Ylk`fej_Xm\
Y\^lekfdXb\Xgfj`k`m\Xe[kXe^`Yc\`dgXZkfefliZ`k`q\ej%K_`j
ZXeY\j\\ek_ifl^_nfibj_fgjXe[j\dèXij#m`jXj\im`Z\j#Xe[
ZlckliXcXe[\[lZXk`feXcgifîXdjXccf]]\i\[Yp[`gcfdXk`Zf]ÔZ\j%
8j\gXiXk\Xjg\Zkf]k_\;=IdXe[Xk\èZcl[\jk_\
jlg\im`j`feXe[Zffi[èXk`fen`k_BI>f]ÔZ\jfm\ij\Xj#n_`Z_efn
eldY\i((%Flif]ÔZ\jèk_\Le`k\[JkXk\j#k_\Le`k\[Bè^[fd#
9\c^`ld#>\idXep#=iXeZ\#@kXcp#Jn\[\e#JgXè#k_\@jcXd`Z
I\glYc`Zf]@iXe#Jn`kq\icXe[#Xe[8ljkiXc`X_Xm\gifm\[m\iplj\]lc
èjgi\X[è^k_\nfi[f]k_\jlZZ\jjXe[\Zfefd`Zfggfikle`k`\j
kfY\]fle[èk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe%
K_\;=IXcjfj\im\jXjk_\c`X`jfegfèk]fiZffi[èXk`fe
n`k_k_\Le`k\[EXk`fej#`kjX^\eZ`\j#Xe[fk_\ièk\ieXk`feXc
fi^Xe`qXk`fejfiefe$^fm\ied\ekXcfi^Xe`qXk`fej%
KnfgièZ`gc\[lk`\j[\Ôe\k_\;\gXikd\ek1]XZ`c`kXk`fef]
k_\m`j`kjf]f]ÔZ`Xc[\c\^Xk`fej#Xe[gfc`Zpnfib]fik_\jkXeZ\
f]k_\BI>Xj`kèk\iXZkjn`k_k_\flkj`[\nfic[%Fli;\gXikd\ek
[\Xcjgi`dXi`cpn`k_[`gcfdXkj#Xe[k_\\jkXYc`j_d\ekf]jkife^k`\j
_Xjgifm\[kfY\Xe`dgfikXekgXikf]k_\BI>jkiXk\^p%@Y\c`\m\
[`gcfdXZpXe[\Zfefd`ZXZk`m`kp^f_Xe[è_Xe[#Xe[k_\BI>`j
]lccpXnXi\f]k_\`dgfikXeZ\f]`kj[`gcfdXk`ZXidègifdfkè^
]fi\`êèm\jkd\ekXe[]lkli\gifjg\i`kp%
N_Xk_Xj_Xgg\e\[n`k_èk_\gXjkp\Xièk\idjf]k_\Bli[`jkXe
I\^`feËji\cXk`fej_`gjn`k_k_\flkj`[\nfic[6
K_\gXjkp\Xi_XjYifl^_k`dgfikXek[\m\cfgd\ekjèfli
i\cXk`fejn`k_k_\flkj`[\nfic[%Bli[`jkXeI\^`feGi\j`[\ek
DXjfl[9XiqXe`_XjY\\e\oki\d\cpXZk`m\#i\Z\ekcpm`j`kè^k_\
_\X[jf]jkXk\è=iXeZ\#>\idXep#@kXcp#8ljki`X#Klib\p#<^pgk#
Afi[Xe#JXl[`8iXY`X#C\YXefe#k_\Le`k\[JkXk\j#k_\Le`k\[
Bè^[fd#Xe[fk_\ij%K_\Le`k\[JkXk\j\e[\[`kjZfdYXk
fg\iXk`fejè@iXh#Xdgc`]pè^k_\`dgfikXeZ\f]`kj[`gcfdXk`Z
XZk`m`kp_\i\%K_\;\gXikd\ekf]=fi\`êI\cXk`fejXjj`jk\[èk_\
[iX]kè^f]XC\kk\if]@ek\ekY\kn\\ek_\BI>Xe[=iXeZ\#j`ê\[
YpGi\j`[\ek9XiqXe`Xe[=i\eZ_=fi\`êDè`jk\i9\ieXi[
BflZ_e\i\Xic`\ik_`jp\Xi#[\j`ê\[kf]lik_\ijki\e^k_\ek_`j
`dgfikXekgXike\ij_`g%
K?<M@<N=IFD89IF8;
Gi`d\Dè`jk\i9Xi_XdJXc`_c\[X_`^_$gifÔc\[\c\^Xk`fe
Xkk_\BI>KiX[\Xe[@em\jkd\ek:fe]\i\eZ\èCfe[fe#XiiXe^\[
Ypk_\BI>$LBf]ÔZ\èZffi[èXk`fen`k_fli;\gXikd\ek%K_\
Zfe]\i\eZ\nXjXi\jfle[è^jlZZ\jjXe[_\cg\[kfiX`j\fli
gifÔc\XjXjkife^\Zfefd`ZgcXp\ièk_\D`[[c\<Xjk%
<^pgkXe[Afi[Xe_Xm\Yfk_fg\e\[]lccZfejlcXk\j^\e\iXc
è<iY`c%K_\j\[\Z`j`fejXi\Xm\ip`dgfikXekjk\g]finXi[]fifli
i\cXk`fejn`k_k_\8iXYnfic[#Xe[n\i\XZ_`\m\[X]k\iGi\j`[\ek
9XiqXe`m`j`k\[Yfk_Zfleki`\j%
8cfe^n`k_XeldY\if]`dgfikXekm`j`kjXYifX[#k_\BI>
i\Z\`m\[^l\jkj]ifdXifle[k_\nfic[èk\i\jk\[èYl`c[è^
gXike\ij_`gj#\ogcfiè^\Zfefd`Zfggfikle`k`\j#Xe[[\m\cfgè^
jkife^\igfc`k`ZXck`\j%J\m\iXckiX[\dè`jk\ij#èZcl[è^k_fj\
]ifdKlib\p#Jn\[\e#k_\Le`k\[8iXY<dìXk\j#Afi[Xe#k_\
:q\Z_I\glYc`Z#C\YXefe#Xe[>\idXep#_Xm\XcckiXm\c\[kfk_\
I\^`fei\Z\ekcpn`k_cXi^\Yljè\jj[\c\^Xk`fej%K_\LJM`Z\
Gi\j`[\ek9`[\eXe[j\m\iXc[\c\^Xk`fejf]LJgfc`k`ZXcXe[
[\]\ej\f]ÔZ`XcjZfe[lZk\[i\g\Xk\[m`j`kj%K_\;=I_Xj
\ogXe[\[Zfej`[\iXYcpXjk_\hlXek`kpXe[[`gcfdXk`Zc\m\cf]
^l\jkjZfekèl\jkfèZi\Xj\#i\Õ\Zkè^k_\îfnè^`dgfikXeZ\
f]k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fefek_\^\fgfc`k`ZXcdXg%
Pfli[\gXikd\ek_Xj\Xie\[Xi\glkXk`feXjk_\ÊZfe[l`kËY\kn\\e
k_\BI>Xe[èk\ieXk`feXci\gi\j\ekXk`m\j%:Xepfl[\jZi`Y\k_\
\og\i`\eZ\f]Xm`j`kè^[\c\^Xk`feèk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe6
K_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe#XjgXikf]@iXh#è_\i`kjXe`dX^\k_Xk[f\j
efkXZZliXk\cpgfikiXpk_\i\Xcj`klXk`fefek_\îfle[%=fik_`j
i\Xjfe#m`j`kjXi\f]\efidflj`dgfikXeZ\#Xe[k_\BI>
\eZfliX^\j[\c\^Xk`fejkfj\\k_\i\Xc`kp%N\Zffi[èXk\Zcfj\cp
n`k_k_\m`j`kè^^fm\ied\ekËj]fi\`êdè`jkip#èZcl[èî\m`\nè^
fgk`fej]fijg\Z`ÔZj`k\m`j`kjXe[gXik`ZlcXij\Zkfi$jg\Z`ÔZXi\Xj
f]èk\i\jk%K_\;=IXcjf\ejli\jk_Xkk_\[\c\^Xk`feXYjfiYj
jfd\f]fliZlckli\#ljlXccpèZcl[è^Xm`j`kkfk_\:`kX[\cXe[X
Z_XeZ\kf\eafpBli[`j_Zl`jè\#èX[[`k`fekff]ÔZ`Xcd\\kè^j%
K_\[\gXikd\ek_XjXGifkfZfcXe[;\c\^Xk`fej;ì\ZkfiXk\
kf_Xe[c\cf^`jk`ZjXe[dXèkXèZfekèl\[Zfddle`ZXk`fe#Xe[
Xe@ek\ieXk`feXcI\cXk`fej;ì\ZkfiXk\kfX[[i\jjjlYjkXek`m\
dXkk\ijn`k_]fi\`êi\gi\j\ekXk`m\jfeX[X`cpYXj`j%J\gXiXk\cp#
fli@ek\ieXk`feXcFi^Xe`qXk`fej;ì\ZkfiXk\kXb\jk_\c\X[fe
k_\m`j`kjXe[gifîXdjf]k_\Le`k\[EXk`fejX^\eZ`\jXe[
efe$^fm\ied\ekXcfi^Xe`qXk`fej%
8iiXe^è^k_\j\m`j`kji\hlì\jXkk\ek`fekfgifkfZfc#Ylk
XcjfZXi\]lcXkk\ek`fekfk_\Zfek\ekf]k_\m`j`k#jfk_Xkfli^l\jkj
fYkXèXkil\j\ej\f]k_\I\^`fen_`c\\e^X^è^èk_\i`^_kjfik
f]d\\kè^j%@k_XjY\\edpgc\Xjli\kf\ejli\k_Xkm`j`kè^
[\c\^Xk`fejkilcple[\ijkXe[k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe%@edXepZXj\j#
Zfddle`ZXk`feXe[jlYjkXek`m\]fccfn$lgn`k_^l\jkjX]k\ijlZ_
m`j`kj`jXj`dgfikXekXjk_\m`j`k`kj\c]%K_\;=I`jXcnXpjXmX`cXYc\
kf\ogcXèk_\gfc`ZpXe[k_\[\m\cfgd\ekjf]k_\I\^`fekffli
]i`\e[jfm\ij\XjXe[]fccfnlgfedXkk\ijf]dlklXcèk\i\jk%
Fe\f]k_\gi`m`c\^\jf]dpgfj`k`fe`jkfn\cZfd\Xe[Y`[
]Xi\n\cckffli^l\jkj%K_\dfjkZfddfei\XZk`fe`jk_\^\elè\
Xggi\Z`Xk`fef]fligifî\jj#jkXY`c`kp#Xe[gifjg\i`kp#n_`Z_`j
f]k\eXgc\XjXekjligi`j\]fi[\c\^Xk`fej%M`j`kfij]ifde\XiXe[
]XiXi\XdXq\[k_Xkk_`j`j_Xgg\eè^è@iXh#Xe[@[feËkk_èbk_\p
nflc[_Xm\Y\c`\m\[`k_X[k_\pefkj\\ek_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe
n`k_k_\ìfne\p\j%
;fpfl_Xm\Xd\jjX^\k_Xkpflnflc[c`b\kf\ok\e[kffli
i\X[\ijXe[kfgfk\ek`Xcèm\jkfijYXj\[fepfli\og\i`\eZ\Xj
?\X[f]k_\=fi\`êI\cXk`fej;\gXikd\ek6
K_\BI>_XjY\\e[\m\cfgè^k_`jI\^`feXe[k_\ZfeZ\gkf]X
jX]\#èm\jkfi$]i`\e[cp\emìfed\ekjèZ\(00)%N\_Xm\
\eZflek\i\[dXepfYjkXZc\jXe[\]]fikj]ifdk_\]fid\ii\^`d\
kfk_nXikfligifî\jj%@ek_\cXjkj\m\iXcp\Xij#fli^fm\ied\ek
Xe[flig\fgc\_Xm\Y\\eXYc\kfi\XccpîfnXe[\ogcfi\fli
fgk`fej]fiXjkife^\i\ZfefdpXe[XY\kk\ic`]\%8e[Xck_fl^_
k_\i\Xi\jk`ccZ_Xcc\e^\jX_\X[#@Y\c`\m\n\_Xm\XZc\Xi
m`j`feXe[jkife^c\X[\ij_`gkf^l`[\ljkfnXi[jXjkXYc\Xe[
gifjg\iflj]lkli\%
K_\Zlii\ekj`klXk`feèk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe`jk_\i\jlckf]
dXep[\ZX[\jf]_Xi[nfibXe[jkil^^c\%@Xdgc\Xj\[kfèm`k\
èm\jkfij#Yljè\jjg\fgc\#^fm\ied\ekf]ÔZ`Xcj#Xe[[`gcfdXkjkf
Zfd\kfk_\I\^`feXe[j_Xi\èflijlZZ\jj%■
Falah Mustafa Bakir welcomes US VicePresident Joe Biden to the Region in 2009
,0
-'
K?<M@<N=IFD89IF8;
Klib`j_èm\jkd\ek1[\m\cfgè^
[liXYc\i\cXk`fej_`gj
Trucks and tankers queue
on the Turkish border to bring
their goods into the Region
8eèk\im`\nn`k_8p[èJ\cZ\e#:fejlc>\e\iXc]fik_\
I\glYc`Zf]Klib\pè<iY`c
Gc\Xj\^`m\XYi`\]fm\im`\nf]k_\Zlii\ek\Zfefd`Zi\cXk`fej
Y\kn\\ek_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXe[Klib\p%
:lii\ekcp#k_\Y`cXk\iXcYljè\jjmfcld\n`k_k_\i\^`fe`j
LJ-Y`cc`fe%Fli\ogfikmfcld\kf@iXhè)'('nXj.%,Y`cc`fe#f]
n_`Z_.'g\iZ\ek`jkf@iXhËjBli[`jkXeI\^`fe@BI %Dfi\k_Xe_Xc]
k_\i\^`jk\i\[]fi\`êYljè\jj\jè@BIXi\]ifdKlib\p%@efk_\i
nfi[j#.+(ZfdgXe`\j]ifdKlib\pXi\YXj\[è<iY`c%Jf#`]pfl
kXb\@BIXjXeè[\g\e[\ek\ek`kp#]fijkXk`jk`ZXcgligfj\j#`kn`cc
\Xj`cpY\Xdfe^jkk_\kfg('Yljè\jjgXike\ijf]Klib\p%
8j:fejlc>\e\iXc#n_XkkXi^\kj[`[pflj\kèfi[\ikfjki\e^k_\e
k_\i\cXk`fej_`gY\kn\\ek_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXe[Klib\p6
Klib\p`jfe\f]k_\]Xjk$[\m\cfgèêXk`fej%Fli\Zfefd`Zîfnk_
iXk\è)'('`j/%0g\iZ\ek%Jf#\Zfefd`ZXccpjg\Xbè^#n\_X[_`^_
K?<M@<N=IFD89IF8;
XjgìXk`fej]fik_\]lkli\f]fliY`cXk\iXci\cXk`fej%=ìjkcp#n\efk`Z\[
k_\e\\[]fiKlib`j_YXebjn`k_èk_\@BI%Efn#èXî\\d\ekn`k_
8ebXiXXe[9X^_[X[#k_i\\f]k_\Y`^^\jkKlib`j_YXebj\jkXYc`j_\[
]lccpfg\iXk`feXcYiXeZ_\jè<iY`c2QìXXk9XebXjë#MXbëÕXi9XebXjë
Xe[@j9XebXjë%J\Zfe[cp#`knXj`dg\iXk`m\k_XkKlib`j_8ìcè\jK?P f]]\i\[i\^lcXiÕ`^_kjkfXe[]ifdk_\i\^`fe%K?P@jkXeYlc$<iY`c
Õ`^_kjjkXikfek_\(+k_f]8gi`c)'((%K_`jèX[[`k`fekf8KC8JA\k
n_`Z_Xci\X[pÕ`\jj\m\e[XpjXn\\bkf@BI]ifd@jkXeYlc%
N_Xkfk_\ij`ê`ÔZXek[\m\cfgd\ekjXi\pflnfibè^fe6
K_\?XYliYfi[\i^Xk\#Y\kn\\eQXb_fXe[Klib\p#nXj
i\_XY`c`kXk\[XZflgc\f]p\XijX^fYpk_\Le`fef]Klib`j_
:_XdY\ijf]:fdd\iZ\KF99% %?fn\m\i#kf[Xpn\_Xm\c\jj
k_Xe]lccZXgXZ`kpn`k_i\^Xi[kfkiXejgfikXk`fec\m\cj\m\ek_fl^_
n\_Xm\dfi\k_Xe(#,''kilZbjXe[/''gi`mXk\m\_`Zc\jZifjjè^
]ifd\XZ_j`[\kfk_\fk_\ig\i[Xp%@k`jflièk\ek`fekf
j`ê`ÔZXekcp\ogXe[fek_`jYpèZi\Xjè^k_\eldY\if]Zljkfdj
f]ÔZ`XcjXe[fg\iXk\X)+$_fli#j\m\e$[Xpj$X$n\\b#j\im`Z\%
8[[`k`feXccp#k_\Yl`c[è^f]XeX[aXZ\ekYi`[^\kfk_\fe\lj\[]fi
èYfle[kiX]ÔZ]ifd@iXh`j\em`jX^\[%
=lik_\idfi\#k_\i\Xi\Xci\X[p]fliKlib`j_f`cZfdgXe`\j
YXj\[èk_\I\^`feÇ>\e\c<e\i^p#G\kf`c#G\kifhl\jkXe[;f^Xe
<e\i^p%@ek\idjf][\m\cfgd\ek#k_fl^_#`k`j\oki\d\cp`dgfikXek
k_Xkn\Zfee\Zkk_\f`cXe[^Xji\jfliZ\jXmX`cXYc\è@iXhkf
Klib\p#jkXikè^n`k_flie\`^_Yflièî\^`fe%
@ek\idjf]Klib`j_èm\jkd\ekfggfikle`k`\jèk_\Bli[`jkXe
I\^`fe#n_Xk[\m\cfgd\ekj[fpflZfej`[\ik_\dfjkjlZZ\jj]lc#
Xe[n_\i\_Xjk_\i\Y\\eiffd]fi`dgifm\d\ek6
@ek\idjf]jlZZ\jj#k_\Klib`j_ZfejkilZk`feè[ljkip`jYp
]Xifliî\Xk\jk[\m\cfgd\ek#Y\èîXk\[XjeldY\ife\#
ZfekiXZklXccpjg\Xbè^%@eX[[`k`fekfe\nè]iXjkilZkli\j#
jXe`kXk`fe$ìi`^Xk`fegifa\ZkjXe[[Xdj#XmXjkdXafi`kpf]
Yl`c[è^jè@BI_Xm\Y\\eYl`ckYpKlib`j_ZfejkilZk`feZfdgXe`\j%
9fk_<iY`c@ek\ieXk`feXcXe[JlcXpdXe`pXXìgfikjXi\\oXdgc\jf]
aljkX]\nXZZfdgc`j_\[gifa\Zkj%
?fn\m\i#[\jg`k\flijki\e^k_èZfekiXZkè^Xe[kiX[\
n`k_èk_\I\^`fe#n\n\i\efkjfj`ê`ÔZXekè[ì\Zkèm\jkd\ek
lek`ci\Z\ekcp%8dfe^k_\]\nèm\jkd\ekjZ`k\[n\i\<iY`cJk\\c
Xe[9`cb\ek@ek\ieXk`feXcJZ_ffcÇYfk_èm\jkd\ekjXi\nfik_
+'d`cc`fe\XZ_%N\e\\[\[kf\eZfliX^\dfi\Klib`j_èm\jkfij
kfZfd\kfk_\I\^`fe%9pk_\\e[f])'('#k_\Klib`j_èm\jkd\ek
mfcld\_X[j`ê`ÔZXekcpèZi\Xj\[#n`k_XkXi^\kkfjligXjj
(Y`cc`feYpk_\\e[f])'((%K_`jnXjXi\jlckf][ì\Zkèm\jkd\ek
èZfejkilZk`fedXk\i`Xc]XZkfi`\jkf^\k_\in`k__\Xck_j\Zkfi%
Turkey’s Prime Minister Recep Tayyip
Erdogan is welcomed to the Kurdistan
Region by President Masoud Barzani
Cffbè^]finXi[#n_XkXi\k_\Z_Xcc\e^\jXe[fggfikle`k`\jk_Xk
c`\X_\X[]fiKlib\pXe[k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe6
K_è^jXi\cffbè^m\ipgfj`k`m\]fik_\]lkli\%I\cXk`fej
Y\kn\\eKlib\pXe[k_\@iXh`Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe_Xm\`dgifm\[
j`ê`ÔZXekcp%K_\m`j`kjYpk_\Klib`j_Gi`d\Dè`jk\i#DiI\Z\g
KXpp`g<i[f^Xe#kf<iY`cèDXiZ_)'((Xe[YpGi\j`[\ekDXjfl[
9XiqXe`kfKlib\pèAle\)'('n\i\Yfk_f]_`jkfi`ZXc
`dgfikXeZ\%@e)'('#Klib\pËj=fi\`ê@ek\i`fiXe[=fi\`ê
KiX[\Dè`jk\ij\XZ_kn`Z\m`j`k\[<iY`c#Xe[k_\EXk`feXc
<[lZXk`feDè`jk\im`j`k\[feZ\%K_\i\n\i\Xcjfm`j`kjYpk_\
>fm\iefijf]DXi[èXe[8[`pXdXegifmèZ\j%
N\Xi\Zfekèlfljcpnfibè^kfnXi[j[`m\ij`]pè^Xe[
[\m\cfgè^[liXYc\Xe[jljkXèXYc\i\cXk`fej_`gj%Klib\pËjfm\iXcc
kXi^\k`j]lcc\Zfefd`Zèk\îXk`fen`k_@iXh#XjZ`k\[YpfliGi`d\
Dè`jk\i[liè^_`jm`j`kkf9X^_[X[%?fn\m\i#k_\Y`^^\jk
Z_Xcc\e^\k_Xkjk`ccc`\jX_\X[`jk_\Ô^_kX^Xèjkk\iifi#\m\e
k_fl^_n\Xi\nfibè^kf^\k_\ikfi\jfcm\k_`j%N\Xi\efkjklZb
èk_\gXjk#Ylkcffbè^]finXi[kfXY\kk\i]lkli\%■
-(
-)
K?<M@<N=IFD89IF8;
Cfe[feZfe]\i\eZ\gcXZ\j
Bli[`jkXeZ\ek\ijkX^\
K_\Bli[`jkXeKiX[\Xe[@em\jkd\ek:fe]\i\eZ\)'('è
Cfe[feZfeÔid\[k_\BI>ËjZfdd`kd\ekkfgifdfkè^
èk\ieXk`feXcZfdd\iZ\#ni`k\jKfd?Xi[`\$=fijpk_\
@Ôijk\ek\i\[Bli[`jkXeè@iXhèDXiZ_(00(%K_\e@nXjX9i`k`j_
8idpf]ÔZ\i#gXikf]Fg\iXk`feJX]\?Xm\e%Flid`jj`fenXjkf
gifk\Zkk_\k\ejf]k_fljXe[jf]g\fgc\n_f_X[ile]fik_\ìc`m\j
èkfk_\dflekXèj#glijl\[YpJX[[Xd?ljj\èËj]fiZ\j%K_\
jliifle[è^cXe[jZXg\nXjc`b\XdffejZXg\#ilYYc\Xe[p\kdfi\
ilYYc\#[l\kfk_\[\jkilZk`fef]fm\i+#'''m`ccX^\jèJX[[XdËj
8e]Xc^\efZ`[\ZXdgX`êX^Xèjkk_\g\fgc\f]k_\Bli[`jkXe
I\^`fe%N_Xk@Zflc[efkj\\k_\enXjk_\kil\YXZb[ifgf]X
g\fgc\gfjj\jjè^Yfk_i\dXibXYc\i\j`c`\eZ\Xe[XZXgXZ`kp]fi
dfi\k_Xealjkjlim`mXc%
E\Xicpknf[\ZX[\jcXk\i#_Xmè^jg\ekjfd\k`d\XjYfk_
n`ccè^gcXp\iXe[fYj\im\ièXi\dXibXYc\kiXej]fidXk`fef]k_`j
cXe[Ç\e^è\\i\[dXècpYpXjklk\BI>dXeX^\d\ekè
gXike\ij_`gn`k_èk\ieXk`feXcX^\eZ`\j#E>Fj#Xe[Yljè\jj
èk\i\jkjÇ@]fle[dpj\c]j`kkè^èX_fk\ccfle^\èk_\:`kpf]
Cfe[fe#i\dè`jZè^XYflk_fndlZ__XjZ_Xe^\[%@jX`[kf9XpXe
JXd`8Y[lcIX_dXe#k_\BI>Ëj?`^_I\gi\j\ekXk`m\kfk_\LB#È@e
(00(#n\Zflc[YXi\cp^\kjòg\fgc\èXiffdkfkXcbXYflk
Bli[`jkXe%ÉÈEfnn\_Xm\-''Éj_\i\gc`\[%
K_\j\n\i\k_\[\c\^Xk\jn_f^Xk_\i\[èCfe[fe]fik_\
Bli[`jkXeKiX[\Xe[@em\jkd\ek:fe]\i\eZ\èAle\)'('%K_\p
ZXd\kf_\Xi]ifdk_\BI>Xe[k_\gi`mXk\j\ZkfiXYflkn_pk_\p
j_flc[[fYljè\jjn`k_k_\I\^`fe%@knXjXk\jkXd\ekkfk_\
BI>Ëjj\i`flje\jjègifdfkè^èk\ieXk`feXcZfdd\iZ\k_Xk
Gi`d\Dè`jk\i9Xi_XdJXc`_Xe[j\m\ef]_`jZXYè\kdè`jk\ij
ZXd\kfjg\XbXkk_\Zfe]\i\eZ\%
N_`c\kiX[\[\c\^Xk`fej]ifdXifle[k_\nfic[_Xm\m`j`k\[
Bli[`jkXeXe[fliZ_XdY\ijf]Zfdd\iZ\_Xm\kiXm\c\[
\ok\ej`m\cp#k_\BI>nXek\[kfèkif[lZ\k_\I\^`fekfZfdgXe`\j
Xe[aflieXc`jkjk_Xk_X[efkp\km`j`k\[fibe\nc`kkc\f]`k%
9XpXeJXd`8Y[lcIX_dXefi^Xe`q\[k_\Zfe]\i\eZ\
befnè^k_Xkk_\i\nflc[Y\jfd\èk\i\jkèfli\d\i^è^dXib\k#
Ylkj_\Xe[_\iZfcc\X^l\jn\i\k_i`cc\[n_\ek_\Zfe]\i\eZ\
Y\ZXd\fm\ijlYjZi`Y\[Xe[]lcckfZXgXZ`kp%
K_\knf$[Xp\m\ek_X[XYlqq#n`k_[\c\^Xk\jd`ccè^Xifle[
èk_\Yi\XbjXe[aflieXc`jkj]ifd:E9:#k_\99:#K_\>lXi[`Xe#
K_\NXccJki\\kAflieXc#Xe[k_\e\njnì\jèk\im`\nè^k_\
_`^_$gifÔc\jg\Xb\ijèk_\gi\jjiffd%K_\9i`k`j_#èk\ieXk`feXc#
Xe[D`[[c\<Xjk\ied\[`Xn\i\gXik`ZlcXicpb\\ekfèk\im`\n
Gi`d\Dè`jk\iJXc`_Xe[k_\Dè`jk\if]EXkliXcI\jfliZ\j#
;i8j_k`?XniXd`%
8dfe^k_\fk_\ijg\Xb\ijn\i\8d\i`ZXeXe[<dìXk`
^fm\ied\ekf]ÔZ`Xcj#èZcl[è^9Xife\jjN`cZfo#9Xife\jj
Jpdfej#9Xife\jjE`Z_fcjfe#Xe[=fi\`êF]ÔZ\Dè`jk\i8c`jkXì
9lik%K_\Zfe]\i\eZ\^Xm\9likXe[9Xife\jjE`Z_fcjfeX[[\[
\eZfliX^\d\ekkfm`j`k<iY`c]fik_\Ôijkk`d\#Xe[Yfk__Xm\efn
j\\e`k]fik_\dj\cm\j%
@ek_\gcXeeè^#k_\BI>]\ck`knXj`dgfikXek]fiBli[`jkXeËj
gi`mXk\j\ZkfikfY\flkè]fiZ\%;\c\^Xk`fej]ifdBli[`jkXeËj
Z_XdY\ijf]Zfdd\iZ\Xe[k_\:fekiXZkfijLe`feÕ\nè#Xe[
k_\Z_XìdXef]dfY`c\fg\iXkfi8j`XZ\ccÇfe\f]k_\I\^`feËj
Y`^^\jkZfdgXe`\jÇX[[i\jj\[k_\Zfe]\i\eZ\%@knXjXcjfm`kXckf
j_fnk_XkBli[`jkXe`jYpefd\XejXYXZbnXk\i%I\gi\j\ekXk`m\j
]ifd?J9:#CX]Xi^\#G\gj`$:fcX9fkkcè^#Pfl>fm#Xe[8ljki`Xe
8ìcè\jkXcb\[XYflkk_\jlZZ\jjk_\p_Xm\\eafp\[jf]XiXj
dlckèXk`feXcjk_Xk_Xm\dX[\Xe\Xicp\ekip%
@knXj_\Xik\eè^kfj\\j\e`fiÔ^li\jèk_\@iXh`
^fm\ied\ekj_fnè^k_\ìjlggfik]fik_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feËj
XdY`k`fej%@ek_\ìjg\\Z_\j#=Xnq`?Xiì`#@iXhËjDè`jk\if]@e[ljkip
Xe[Dè\iXcj#Xe[;iJXd`8c$8iXa`#Z_XìdXef]@iXhËjEXk`feXc
@em\jkd\ek:fdd`jj`fe#ZfeÔid\[k_XkBli[`jkXe`jk_\jX]\Xe[
j\Zli\^Xk\nXpkf[fè^Yljè\jjèk_\i\jkf]@iXh%
@Z_Xì\[Xj\jj`fefeXî`Zlckli\Xe[jgfb\XkXefk_\ife
^fm\ieXeZ\%8epg\iZ\gk`fek_Xkk_\fecpj\i`fljèk\i\jkXkk_\
K?<M@<N=IFD89IF8;
Images from the London conference: (from top right) Prime Minister Barham Salih gives his speech; Bayan Sami Abdul Rahman, KRG High Representative
to the UK, speaks to delegates; Dilshad Barzani, KRG Representative to Germany, with his counterpart in the United States, Qubad Talabani
Zfe]\i\eZ\nXjè_p[ifZXiYfejnXjjffe[`jd`jj\[Ypk_\_`^_
Xkk\e[XeZ\Xkk_\j\j\jj`fejXe[jlYj\hl\ek]fccfn$lgj%
K_\Dè`jk\i]fi?`^_\i<[lZXk`feXe[JZ`\ek`ÔZI\j\XiZ_#
;i;cXn\i8cXË8c[\\e#jgfb\_fe\jkcpXYflkk_\Z_Xcc\e^\j_\
]XZ\[Xe[k_\Zfdd`kd\ekf]k_\BI>kf`dgifmè^\[lZXk`fe
Xe[i\j\XiZ_jkXe[Xi[j%Fek_\YXZbf]k_\Zfe]\i\eZ\#
i\gi\j\ekXk`m\j]ifdJ_\]Ô\c[?XccXdXe[C\`Z\jk\ile`m\ij`k`\j
Xi\efnm`j`kè^<iY`cXe[[`jZljjè^\oZ_Xe^\j#kiXèè^#Xe[
Bli[`j_i\j\XiZ_Xggc`ZXekj%8cjf#k_\Dè`jkipf]8î`Zlckli\
Xe[NXk\iI\jfliZ\j#ègXike\ij_`gn`k_Bli[`j_cXe[fne\ij
Xe[]Xid\ij#cXk\ijgfejfi\[XjkXe[Xkk_\Nfic[=il`kXe[
M\^\kXYc\<ogfèCfe[fe%
Bli[`jkXefg\e\[lgkfk_\nfic[è\Xie\jk]ifd)''*%
K_\Cfe[fe:fe]\i\eZ\nXjXe`dgfikXekd`c\jkfe\#j`êXcè^
Xe\nXe[\m\edfi\XdY`k`fljjkX^\f][\m\cfgd\ek#Xe[
gfèkè^k_\nXpX_\X[kf\m\edfi\\oZ`kè^gfjj`Y`c`k`\j%■
-*
-+
K?<M@<N=IFD89IF8;
I\gi\j\ekè^k_\
Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXc
>fm\ied\ekèCfe[fe
9XpXeJXd`8Y[lcIX_dXe#k_\BI>Ëj?`^_
I\gi\j\ekXk`m\kfk_\LB#[\jZi`Y\jk_\[\\g\eè^
i\cXk`fej_`gY\kn\\eBli[`jkXeXe[9i`kXè
@Ôijki\klie\[kfBli[`jkXeè(00)XjXÕ\[^cèî\gfik\i#X]k\i
îfnè^lgè\o`c\èk_\LB%@m`j`k\[dXepgcXZ\j#èZcl[è^
?XcXYaX#XZ`kpèilYYc\n`k_]Xd`c`\jc`mè^Xdfe^k_\ilèjXe[
dle`k`fejj_\ccj%=flip\Xij\Xic`\i#JX[[XdËj]fiZ\j_X[YfdY\[
k_\Z`kpn`k_Zfem\ek`feXcn\XgfejY\]fi\XkkXZbè^`kn`k_
Z_\d`ZXcj#b`ccè^,#'''g\fgc\Xe[èaliè^k_fljXe[jdfi\%8k
k_\k`d\f]k_\XkkXZbfe?XcXYaXXe[fk_\iBli[`j_Zfddle`k`\j
è@iXh#k_\Bli[`j_[`XjgfiXè9i`kXè_\c[[\dfejkiXk`fejXe[
cfYY`\[k_\9i`k`j_^fm\ied\ek#gXic`Xd\ekXe[d\[`X%@kj\\d\[
k_XkfliXgg\XcjkfjkfgJX[[Xd?ljj\èËj^\efZ`[\ZXdgX`ê#
Xe[kf_\cgfli]\ccfnBli[j#]\ccfe[\X]\Xij%
DlZ__XjZ_Xe^\[jèZ\k_\e%@iXh_XjY\\ec`Y\iXk\[Yp
k_\LB#LJXe[fk_\ijk_Xkafè\[k_\ZfXc`k`fe2JX[[Xd`jef
cfe^\i2Xe[@iXhËjgXic`Xd\ekXe[Jlgi\d\:flik_Xm\i\Zfê`j\[
Yfk_k_\XkkXZbfe?XcXYaXXe[k_\8e]Xcfg\iXk`feXj^\efZ`[\%
9i`k`j_DGjXe[g\\ijdXibk_\Xee`m\ijXipf]k_\^\efZ`[\è
gXic`Xd\ekXeelXccp%
K_\i\`jjk`ccXî\Xk[\Xckf[f#Ylk`k`j]XìkfjXpk_Xk
Bli[`jkXe_XjY\\ekiXej]fid\[Xe[k_Xkk_\kiXej]fidXk`fe_Xj
Y\\eefk\[Ypk_\LB^fm\ied\ek#gXic`Xd\ek#Yljè\jj
Zfddle`kpXe[èjk`klk`fej%J\m\iXc_`^_$c\m\cm`j`kjfeYfk_j`[\j
jèZ\k_\c`Y\iXk`feè)''*#eld\ifljkiX[\[\c\^Xk`fej#Xe[
\e^X^\d\ekYpèjk`klk`feji\Õ\Zk[\\g\eè^[`gcfdXk`Zk`\j
Y\kn\\eBli[`jkXeXe[9i`kXè%
@e)'',#@nXjXggfèk\[k_\BI>Ëj?`^_I\gi\j\ekXk`m\kf
k_\LB%K_\f]ÔZ\#n`k_Xpfle^Xe[[\k\idè\[k\Xd#`jX[peXd`Z
Xe[XZk`m\[`gcfdXk`Zd`jj`feèCfe[fe%K_\afY`jdX[\Xcck_\
KRG Prime Minister Barham Salih meets
UK Foreign Secretary William Hague
K?<M@<N=IFD89IF8;
Prime Minister Salih, UK Minister for the Middle East and
North Africa Alistair Burt and Bayan Sami Abdul Rahman
\Xj`\iYpBli[`jkXeËj_`jkfi`Zcèbjn`k_k_\LB#jlZ_Xjn`k_
9i`kXèËjk_i\\dXègfc`k`ZXcgXik`\jXe[jfd\f]`kjc\X[è^
gfc`k`ZXcÔ^li\j#n_fj\èk\im\ek`fejè@iXh_Xm\jXm\[c`m\j%
=lik_\idfi\#èk_\Zlii\ekBI>ZXYè\k#k_\Gi`d\Dè`jk\iXe[
k_i\\dè`jk\ijn\i\\[lZXk\[èk_\LB%
9\j`[\jdXèkXèèî\cXk`fejn`k_k_\=fi\`êXe[
:fddfen\Xck_F]ÔZ\#k_\BI>LBI\gi\j\ekXk`fenfibjn`k_
k_\9i`k`j_^fm\ied\ekËjèm\jkd\ekXid#LBKiX[\Xe[@em\jkd\ek
LBK@ #Xjn\ccXjn`k_j\m\iXckiX[\XjjfZ`Xk`fej#le`m\ij`k`\j#
k_èbkXebj#ZlckliXcfi^Xe`qXk`fejXe[efe$^fm\ied\ekXc
fi^Xe`qXk`fejE>Fj %Jfd\\oXdgc\jèZcl[\k_\N\jkdèjk\i
=fle[Xk`fe]fi;\dfZiXZp#k_\EXk`feXcJZ_ffcf]>fm\ied\ek#
XZX[\d`Zèjk`klk`fejjlZ_Xjk_\Le`m\ij`kpf]<o\k\i#Xe[k_\
Jgfikj:fleZ`c]fiNXc\j%
K_\I\gi\j\ekXk`fe`jYXj\[èCfe[fe#Ylk\e[\Xmfijkf
[\\g\ek_\cèbjY\kn\\eBli[`jkXeXe[JZfkcXe[#NXc\jXe[
Efik_\ie@i\cXe[#Xjn\ccXj<e^cXe[Xe[k_\LBXjXn_fc\%K_\
dfjki\Z\ek\oXdgc\f]k_`j`jXm`j`kYpflif]ÔZ\kf9\c]Xjkè
J\gk\dY\i)'('kfd\\kEfik_\ie@i\cXe[ËjkiX[\dè`jk\i#n_`Z_
nXj]fccfn\[YpXm`j`kkfBli[`jkXeYp@em\jkEfik_\ie@i\cXe[#k_\
i\^`feËjc\X[è^èm\jkd\ekgifdfk`fele`k%
@eZi\Xjè^cp#Bli[`jkXeËjg`mfkXcifc\è@iXhXe[k_\D`[[c\
<Xjk`jY\èî\Zfê`j\[èk_\LB%Bli[`jkXe`jgXikf]@iXhXe[Xk
k_\_\Xikf]k_\D`[[c\<Xjk2`k`jXkk_\ZifjjifX[jf]J_`XXe[
Jlee`@jcXd#Xe[_fd\kf:_i`jk`XejXe[P\q`[`j%
K_\Bli[`j_c\X[\ij_`g_Xjj_fne`kjXY`c`kpkf_\cg]\ccfn
@iXh`jflkf]XZi`j`jfijkXc\dXk\%=fi\oXdgc\#Bli[`jkXe_Xj
Y\Zfd\XjX]\_Xm\e]fi:_i`jk`Xej\jZXgè^k_\m`fc\eZ\èfk_\i
gXikjf]@iXh%8efk_\ii\Z\ek\oXdgc\`jGi\j`[\ek9XiqXe`Ëj
Bayan Sami Abdul Rahman speaks at the
KRG London trade conference in June 2010
è`k`Xk`m\kfYiè^k_\@iXh`gfc`k`ZXcYcfZjkf^\k_\ikf]fidX
^fm\ied\ekX]k\i\`^_kdfek_jf][\X[cfZb#Xdfm\n\cZfd\[Yp
9i`kXèËj=fi\`êJ\Zi\kXip#N`cc`Xd?X^l\%
9i`k`j_ZfdgXe`\jXi\XcjfèZi\Xjè^cpj\\è^Bli[`jkXeXj
Xg\XZ\]lc#m`YiXek[\jkèXk`fe]fièm\jkd\ek#Xe[Xjk_\
Zfdd\iZ`Xc^Xk\nXpkf@iXh%LBK@c\[k_\cXi^\jk9i`k`j_kiX[\
[\c\^Xk`fekfBli[`jkXeèFZkfY\i)'('kfgXik`Z`gXk\èk_\<iY`c
@ek\ieXk`feXcKiX[\=Xì#XYi\Xbk_ifl^_k_Xk]fccfn\[k_\
jlZZ\jj]lcBli[`jkXeKiX[\Xe[@em\jkd\ek:fe]\i\eZ\èCfe[fe
X]\ndfek_j\Xic`\i%
@eXefk_\ij`êf]jki\e^k_\eèî\cXk`fej#k_\9i`k`j_
<dYXjjpF]ÔZ\è<iY`cn`ccY\lgîX[\[kfX]lccZfejlcXk\#Xe[X
LBK@d\dY\if]jkX]]_XjY\\eXggfèk\[kfk_\f]ÔZ\%
Flid\jjX^\kf9i`kXè_XjY\\ek_Xk`k`jè_\ijkiXk\^`Z
èk\i\jkkf\e^X^\n`k_Bli[`jkXeÇXÕ\[^cè^[\dfZiXZpèX
i\^`fen`k_]\n\oXdgc\jf]dlck`$gXikpjpjk\dj#\c\Zk`fejfi
Zfdd`kd\ekkf[`Xcf^l\Xe[Zfej\ejlj%8jfe\9i`k`j_DG
i\Z\ekcpfYj\im\[#k_\Zf\o`jk\eZ\f]k_\mXi`fljZfddle`k`\j
èBli[`jkXeÇBli[j#Klibd\e#:Xc[f$8jjpi`Xej#Dljc`dj#
:_i`jk`Xej#P\q`[`jXe[fk_\ij\ZkjXe[i\c`^`fej#Xe[i\jg\Zk]fi
Al[X`jdÇdXb\jBli[`jkXeXiXi\\oXdgc\f]kfc\iXeZ\Xe[
[`m\ij`kpèk_\D`[[c\<Xjk%
K_`jd\jjX^\f]g\XZ\#gifî\jjXe[j_Xi\[èk\i\jkj`jXk
k_\_\Xikf]k_\BI>LBI\gi\j\ekXk`feËjnfibèCfe[fe%
@_Xm\m`j`k\[?XcXYaXdXepk`d\jjèZ\(00)#dfjki\Z\ekcp
n`k_Xîflgf]9i`k`j_DGjXe[g\\ij%=fccfnè^k_\ìm`j`k#k_\p
gc\[^\[kfnfibkfnXi[jèk\ieXk`feXci\Zfê`k`fef]k_\Bli[`j_
^\efZ`[\Ç`ccljkiXkèâljk_fn]Xin\_Xm\Zfd\èiX`jè^
Bli[`jkXeËjgifÔc\è9i`kXè%■
-,
--
:FDD<I:@8CGIFG<IKP
9l`c[è^X_lY]fi
j_fggè^Xe[kfli`jd
M`XeIX_dXe#f]k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXc>fm\ied\ekËj
LBI\gi\j\ekXk`fe#[\jZi`Y\j_fnk_\\ogXe[è^
i\kX`cXe[c\`jli\j\ZkfijXi\[i`mè^èm\jkd\ekè
Zfdd\iZ`Xcgifg\ikp
E\nZfdd\iZ`XcYl`c[è^jXi\Z_Xe^è^k_\]XZ\f]Bli[`jkXeËjZ`k`\j
]fii\j`[\ekj#Yljè\jjg\fgc\#Xe[kfli`jkjXc`b\%K_\dXib\kËjdXè
ki\e[`jZlii\ekcpkfnXi[i\kX`cÇjlZ_Xj_pg\idXib\kj#j_fggè^
dXccj#Xe[jg\Z`Xc`jkjkfi\jÇXe[i\jkXliXekj#c\`jli\]XZ`c`k`\j#Xe[
_fk\cj%K_\i\kX`cZlckli\èk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe`jjkife^Xe[
Y\Zfdè^dfi\gfn\i]lc#n`k__`^_g\i$ZXg`kX\og\e[`kli\fe
ZfejldXYc\^ff[j#]ff[#Xe[\ek\ikXèd\ek%K_\i\`jjcfn\i#Ylk
jk\X[p#îfnk_èf]ÔZ\Xe[Yljè\jjgi\d`j\j#Xck_fl^_dXep
ZfdgXe`\jjk`cclj\i\j`[\ek`XcYl`c[è^jXjf]ÔZ\jgXZ\%
JèZ\k_\c`Y\iXk`fef]@iXhè)''*#k_\Zfdd\iZ`Xcgifg\ikp
dXib\k_XjZ_Xe^\[Zfdgc\k\cp%@e\]]\Zk#k_\i\nXjef
Zfdd\iZ`XcdXib\kXjdfjkYljè\jj\jn\i\ile]ifdcXi^\
[n\ccè^j#Xe[X]\ncXi^\Yl`c[è^jn\i\ileXj_fk\cj%EfnX
Zfdgc\k\klieXifle[`jn\ccle[\inXp#n`k_]fi\`êXiZ_`k\Zkj
Yiè^è^^ff[[\j`êjkfk_\dXib\k%;\m\cfg\ij]ifdYfk_
Bli[`jkXeXe[XYifX[Xi\#]fik_\Ôijkk`d\#ljè^èk\ieXk`feXc
Yljè\jjdf[\cj]fik_\ìgifa\Zkj%
=XZkfijèÕl\eZè^k_\dXib\kèZcl[\XZ_ife`Zj_fikX^\
f]i\kX`cXe[Yljè\jjgi\d`j\j%@iXhËj]fid\i9XËXk_i\^`d\
èk\ek`feXccp_\c[YXZb\Zfefd`Zgifî\jjèBli[`jkXe#Xe[k_\
I\^`fenXjle[\iX[flYc\\dYXi^fèk_$00'j%JèZ$''*#k_\
gi`mXk\j\Zkfi#jlggfik\[Ypk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXc>fm\ied\ek
BI> #_XjY\\eYl`c[è^è\Xie\jk%;\dXe[_XjY\\e]l\c\[Yp
k_\BI>Ëjgfc`Z`\jfe_p[ifZXiYfej#Xc`Y\iXcèm\jkd\ekcXnXe[
gifa\Zkc`Z\ejè^%Bli[`jkXeËjYljè\jjZfddle`kpXe[d`[[c\
ZcXjj\jefnkiXm\cdfi\]i\hl\ekcpXe[_Xm\Y\^lekfle[\ijkXe[
k_\Y\e\Ôkjf]Ôijk$ZcXjjZfdd\iZ`Xcgifg\ikp%
Knff]k_\cXi^\jkZfdd\iZ`Xcgifg\ikpgifa\Zkjle[\i
ZfejkilZk`feXi\<dgì\Nfic[#Zfm\iè^fe\d`cc`fejhdXe[
Y\è^[\m\cfg\[Ypk_\Bli[`j_ZfdgXep=XcZfe>iflg#Xe[X
(''#'''jhd[\m\cfgd\ekYpBlnX`k`ÔidBI<;:f%D\Xen_`c\#è
k_\ZXg`kXc#Bli[`j_Zfe^cfd\iXk\Jk\i>iflg`j[\m\cfgè^X
_`^_$i`j\f]ÔZ\YcfZb#k_\Jk\iKfn\i%
Bli[`jkXeËjYljè\jjZfddle`kp`jj_fnèî\dXibXYc\
XdY`k`fe#Xn`ccèê\jjkfkXb\i`jbjn`k_`kjZXg`kXcXe[X[i`m\kf
ZXkZ_lgn`k_k_\I\^`feXe[k_\i\jkf]k_\nfic[%@ealjkX]\n
p\Xij#<iY`c#JlcX`dXe`X#Xe[;f_lb_Xm\Y\Zfd\]Xdflj
k_ifl^_flk@iXh]fik_\ìc\`jli\Xe[j_fggè^]XZ`c`k`\j%?`jkfi`ZXccp#
Bli[`jkXe_Xj_X[X_\Xck_p[fd\jk`Zkfli`jdè[ljkip#Ylkefn
k_\i\Xi\k_\X[[\[XkkiXZk`fejèk_\Z`k`\j%?\nX>iflgËjDXa`[`
DXccè<iY`cXe[j\m\iXcfk_\ijdXcc\idXccjXZifjjk_\I\^`feXi\
[iXnè^k_\d`[[c\ZcXjj\jXe[m`j`kfijYpj\ccè^èk\ieXk`feXc
i\kX`cYiXe[jjlZ_XjDXe^f#<ZZf#:_fgXi[#;`\j\c#Xe[C\m`Ëj#Xe[
f]]\iè^k_\efm\ckpf]jlg\idXib\kj_fggè^%DXa`[`DXcc`j
df[\c\[feKlib`j_j_fggè^Zfdgc\o\j#Ylk?\nX>iflg`j
gcXeeè^kfYl`c[Xj\Zfe[dXccdf[\c\[fen\jk\ie<lifg\Xe
j_fggè^Xe[c\`jli\Zfdgc\o\j#ègXike\ij_`gn`k_9i`k`j_
Zfdd\iZ`Xcgifg\ikpZfejlckXeZpÔid9KNJ_`\ccj%
N`k_èk_\c\`jli\j\Zkfi#k_\ZXg`kXcËjY\jk$befnek_\d\
gXib`j=Xd`cp=le#kfn_`Z_fne\i;Xiè:fdgXepgcXejkfX[[X
j_fggè^Z\ek\i#`Z\ièb#Zè\dXZfdgc\o#Xe[Yfncè^Xcc\p%K_\
dXccn`ccèZcl[\=iXeZ\Ëj:Xii\]fli#k_\nfic[Ëjj\Zfe[cXi^\jk
_pg\idXib\kZ_Xè%JlZ_Y`êXd\j#\`k_\i[ì\Zkcpfik_ifl^_
k_\ìD`[[c\<Xjk]iXeZ_`j\c`Z\ej\\j#Xi\efnj_fnè^k_Xkk_\p
_Xm\ZfeÔ[\eZ\èBli[`jkXe#XjXdXib\kè`kjfnei`^_kXe[XjX
jX]\]ffk_fc[]ficXleZ_è^èkfk_\i\jkf]@iXhXkXcXk\ijkX^\%
8jBli[`jkXe_Xjklie\[`kj\c]èkfX_lY]fic\`jli\Xe[
Yljè\jjm`j`kfij#_fk\cjXe[dfk\cjÔcclghl`ZbcpXkg\Xbk`d\j%K_`j
_XjXkkiXZk\[èk\ieXk`feXc_fk\cfg\iXkfij#n_`Z_n`ccjffe_\cgkf
]lcÔccjfd\f]k_\g\Xb$j\Xjfe[\dXe[%K_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXc
>fm\ied\ekËj9fXi[f]@em\jkd\ek`jb\\ek_Xkk_\_`^_$\e[_fk\c
Yl`c[\ij_Xm\Xî\\d\ekjn`k_\jkXYc`j_\[fg\iXkfijXkXe\Xicp
jkX^\#kf\ejli\k_\pn`ccY\gifg\icpdXeX^\[%
:FDD<I:@8CGIFG<IKP
Bli[`jkXeËjYljè\jjZfddle`kp`jj_fnè^
i\dXibXYc\XdY`k`fe#Xn`ccèê\jjkfkXb\
i`jbjXe[X[i`m\kfZXkZ_lgn`k_k_\I\^`fe
Xe[k_\i\jkf]k_\nfic[
New shopping complexes are modeled
on successful developments abroad
Family Mall, Erbil
@eJlcX`dXe`X#_fk\cZ_XèD`cc\ee`ldXe[:fgk_fie\_Xj
dX[\XeXî\\d\ekkffg\iXk\Xki`ff]]fli$Xe[Ôm\$jkXi_fk\cj
k_XkXi\Y\è^Yl`ckYpk_\Bli[`j_ZfdgXep=Xilb>iflg?fc[è^%
@e<iY`c#C\YXefeËjIfkXeX?fk\c`je\Xiè^Zfdgc\k`fe#Xe[
Klib`j_fg\iXkfi;`nXen`ccdXeX^\Xefk_\ie\n_fk\ck_Xk`j
Zlii\ekcple[\iZfejkilZk`fe%
8jèdfjkgcXZ\j#Yl`c[ZfjkjÕlZklXk\dXècpn`k_k_\
gi`Z\jf]^cfYXcZfddf[`k`\j#jk\\c#Xe[Z\d\ek%?fn\m\i#k_\
Bli[`jkXeI\^`fei\dXèj]XmfiXYcpgi`Z\[èZfdgXi`jfekf
<lifg\#k_\Le`k\[JkXk\j#Xe[e\`^_Yfiè^Zfleki`\j%=fi
[\m\cfg\ijXe[cXe[cfi[j#Xm\iX^\iXk\jf]i\kliefejXc\jXe[
i\ekjXi\_`^_\ik_Xek_\<lifg\XeXe[LJXm\iX^\èdfjk
Zfdd\iZ`Xcgifg\ikpj\Zkfij%
Shandihar Park, Erbil
The Mazi Supermarket, Dohuk
Klib\p_Xj_X[XdXafièÕl\eZ\feZfdd\iZ`Xcgifg\ikp#
\jg\Z`XccpjèZ\k_\jki\e^k_\eè^f]gfc`k`ZXck`\j%DfjkX[mXeZ\[
dXk\i`XcjXi\Yifl^_kè]ifdfim`XKlib\p#Xe[k_\dXafi`kpf]
cXi^\$jZXc\^fm\ied\ekXe[gi`mXk\gifa\Zkj_Xm\Xe\c\d\ekf]
Klib`j_èmfcm\d\ek%:_Xi^\jXi\_`^_\ik_Xek_fj\f]k_\ì@iXh`
Zflek\igXikj#YlkXZfdd\ejliXk\Xe[n\cZfd\[èZi\Xj\è
hlXc`kp_XjY\\eXZ_`\m\[%
K_\Z_Xcc\e^\jf]èm\jkè^èZfdd\iZ`Xcgifg\ikpXi\è
le[\ijkXe[è^k_\dXib\k[peXd`Zjn_\ek_\i\`jXcXZbf][XkX#
Xe[Ôe[è^^ff[cfZXcgXike\ijk_Xk_Xm\èk\ieXk`feXcjkXe[Xi[j
f]giXZk`Z\Xe[Yljè\jjdf[\cè^%K_\fggfikle`kpgi\j\ek\[`j
Xî\\eÔ\c[Xi\Xgfjj\jjè^\ogfe\ek`Xcîfnk_gfk\ek`XcXe[
n`k_gif$dXib\kZfe[`k`fejXe[i\^lcXk`fej%■
-.
-/
=@E8E:@8CJ<IM@:<J
Fggfikle`k`\jèÔeXeZ`Xcj\im`Z\j
The KRG is raising public
awareness of the benefits
of using financial services
M`XeIX_dXe_`^_c`^_kjk_\gfk\ek`Xc]fièm\jkd\ekè
k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe#Zfm\iè^Xi\XjiXe^è^]ifd
èjliXeZ\Xe[YXebè^kfdfik^X^\jXe[cfXej
@]pfl[i`m\Xifle[Bli[`jkXeËjZ`k`\j]fik_\Ôijkk`d\#pfld`^_kY\
jligi`j\[Xkk_\eldY\if]j_èpe\nJLMjXe[j\[Xejfek_\
ifX[j#Xj`êf]k_\X]Õl\eZ\k_Xkjfd\f]k_\i\j`[\ekjXi\efn
\eafpè^%N_XkËj\hlXccpjligi`jè^Çè[\\[XcXidè^Ç`jk_Xkm\ip
]\nf]k_\ZXij#n_\k_\ie\nfifc[\i#Xi\èjli\[%
K_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXc>fm\ied\ek`jdXbè^\]]fikjkf
i\Zk`]pk_`jj`klXk`fe%8jkXk\$fne\[èjliXeZ\ZfdgXepè_X[
Y\\eè\o`jk\eZ\Y\]fi\k_\(00'j#Ylkk_`j[`jèk\îXk\[
]fccfnè^k_\lg_\XmXcf]k_\>lc]NXi%K_\BI>Dè`jkipf]=èXeZ\
_Xj\jkXYc`j_\[XeXk`feXcèjliXeZ\ZfdgXepn`k_ZXg`kXcf]
*Y`cc`fe#Xe[_XjXcjfc`Z\ej\[k_i\\gi`mXk\èjliXeZ\Ôidj%
Fe\f]k_\j\`jJkXiBXi@ejliXeZ\#n_`Z_cXleZ_\[è)''.Xe[`j
fne\[Ypk_\Bli[`j_Jk\i>iflg%
N_`c\#]fidfjkèjliXeZ\e\\[j#g\fgc\n`ccY\XYc\kf
Z_ffj\]ifd\`k_\ik_\jkXk\ZfdgXepfigi`mXk\Ôidj#k_ì[$gXikp
c`XY`c`kpèjliXeZ\n`ccY\Zfd\dXe[XkfipXe[n`cc_Xm\kfY\kXb\e
flkn`k_k_\^fm\ied\ek%JlZ_XZXièjliXeZ\jZ_\d\Xci\X[p
fg\iXk\jXZifjjk_\i\jkf]@iXh%
=@E8E:@8CJ<IM@:<J
9Xebje\\[kfY\n`ccè^
kfkXb\dfi\i`jbjXe[
glYc`Z`q\k_\Y\e\Ôkj
f]k_\ìj\im`Z\j
=fiYljè\jjèjliXeZ\#ÔidjZXelj\cfZXcfi]fi\`ê
èjliXeZ\Yifb\ij#Xjcfe^Xjk_\Yifb\ij_Xm\f]ÔZ\jfiYiXeZ_\j
i\^`jk\i\[èk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe%K_\fecpèk\ieXk`feXcYifb\ikf
Y\c`Z\ej\[è@iXhjf]Xi`j8e^cf8iXY@ejliXeZ\9ifb\ij88@9 #
n_`Z_i\Z\ekcpdX[\XeXî\\d\ekn`k_^cfYXcèjliXeZ\j\im`Z\j
ZfdgXepDXij_fe\e\i^p#gfn\iXe[Xm`Xk`feèjliXeZ\]fi@iXh%
:lii\ekcp#gfc`Z`\jXi\iXi\efkfecp]fim\_`Zc\j#YlkXcjf]fi
c`]\#_\Xck_#_fd\Xe[Yl`c[è^#kiXm\c#Xe[fk_\ie\\[j%K_\i\]fi\#
k_\fggfikle`k`\jXi\dXep%K_\Z_Xcc\e^\`jkfiX`j\glYc`Z
XnXi\e\jjf]k_\Y\e\Ôkjf]èjliXeZ\i\cXk`m\kf`kjZfjk%
9Xebè^j\im`Z\jXi\]Xidfi\\jkXYc`j_\[k_XeèjliXeZ\%
K_\i\Xi\Zlii\ekcpdfi\k_Xe/'jkXk\Xe[è\oZ\jjf],'gi`mXk\
YXebYiXeZ_\jèk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe%KiX[\9Xebf]@iXhK9@ #
n_`Z_nXj\jkXYc`j_\[Ypk_\]\[\iXc^fm\ied\ekè)''*kfcèb
@iXhn`k_èk\ieXk`feXcYXebj#gifm`[\jc\kk\ijf]Zi\[`kXe[gifa\Zk
ÔeXeZ\cfXej%@kXiiXe^\[ÔeXeZ\kfDXjj>cfYXckf[\m\cfg
k_i\\gfn\i^\e\iXk`fegcXekjèk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe#n_`Z__Xj
kiXej]fid\[k_\gifm`j`fef]dXèj\c\Zki`Z`kp]ifdXifle[]fli
_flijkf)'_flijX[Xp%
?fn\m\i#n_`c\YXebjXi\]leZk`feèî\cXk`m\cpn\cc]fikiX[\
ÔeXeZ\Xe[kiXejXZk`fej#dXepf]k_\gi`mXk\YXebj_Xm\cfn
cfXe$kf$[\gfj`kiXk`fj%K_\@iXh`jpjk\dËjXjj\kjXi\jk`cc
[fdèXk\[Ypk_\jkXk\$fne\[YXebjIXj_\\[Xe[IXÔ[Xè#
XZZfi[è^kfX)''.LJ8@;i\gfikfe@iXhËjYXebè^jpjk\d%
E\m\ik_\c\jj#]fi\`êYXebjjk`cci\Zfê`q\k_\mXcl\f]\ek\iè^
k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXe[@iXh%?J9:`jXci\X[pgi\j\ekle[\ik_\
;Xi<jJXcXXdeXd\#Xe[JkXe[Xi[:_Xik\i\[9Xeb#n_`Z__XjX
i\gi\j\ekXk`m\è<iY`c#`jZfej`[\iè^fg\eè^XYiXeZ_k_\i\%
K_\C\YXe\j\_Xm\Xci\X[p[\Z`[\[kflj\Bli[`jkXeXj
k_\cXleZ_gX[]fik_\ì@iXhfg\iXk`fej#n`k_9pYcfj#998:Xe[
@ek\iZfekè\ekXc%Klib\pËjMXb`]9Xeb#@jYXebXe[QìXXkXi\Xcjf
gcXeeè^YiXeZ_\j#fek_\YXZbf]k_\m\ip_`^_mfcld\f]kiX[\
k_XkKlib\p\eafpjn`k_Bli[`jkXe%
E\m\ik_\c\jj#k_\[\m\cfgd\ekf]ÔeXeZ`Xcj\im`Z\j`j
gXkZ_p%N_`c\k_\gi\j\eZ\f]YXebj`jèZi\Xjè^#k_\]\n8KDj
k_XkZXeY\]fle[èBli[`jkXef]k\e[feËk]leZk`fe%K_`j`jgXikcp
Y\ZXlj\#jf]Xi#k_\eldY\if]YXebXZZflekj_\c[Ypk_\^\e\iXc
Cash is still the preferred
method of payment for
many business transactions
glYc`Z`jcfn#jfk_\_XY`kf]^fè^kf8KDj_XjeËkp\kkXb\e_fc[%
G\fgc\Xi\lj\[kfb\\gè^cXi^\jldjf]dfe\pXk_fd\Xe[
èm\jkè^`kècXe[Xe[gifg\ikp#iXk_\ik_XeèjXmè^jfijkfZbj#
Xe[dXepYljè\jj[\XcjXi\jk`cckiXejXZk\[èZXj_%K_\@jcXd`Z
_XnXcXjpjk\df]]fi\`ê\oZ_Xe^\#YXj\[fekiljk#i\dXèjjkife^
Xe[ZXeY\]fle[è\m\ipZ`kp%Jf#]fiYXebjkfdXb\k_\dfjkf]
k_\fggfikle`k`\j#k_\pe\\[kfY\n`ccè^kfkXb\dfi\i`jbjXe[
glYc`Z`q\k_\Y\e\Ôkjf]k_\ìj\im`Z\j%
>fm\ied\ekè`k`Xk`m\jdXpXcjf_\cgkfZ_Xe^\g\iZ\gk`fej
Xe[k_\i\c`XeZ\fei\X[pZXj_%K_\BI>`jf]]\iè^('$p\Xi
dfik^X^\j]ifdX_fljè^]le[kf\eXYc\^fm\ied\ek\dgcfp\\j
Xe[cfn$èZfd\]Xd`c`\jkfYlpe\n_fd\jYl`ckYpgi`mXk\
[\m\cfg\ij%8ck_fl^_k_`j`jX^fm\ied\ekjZ_\d\#`k`jfg\eè^
g\fgc\Ëj\p\jkfk_\fggfikle`k`\jf]]\i\[Ypdfik^X^\jXe[
cfXej#Xe[gi`mXk\c\e[\ijj_flc[\m\eklXccp]\\ck_\Y\e\Ôkj%
Bli[`jkXeËjXdY`k`fljgif$dXib\kgfc`Z`\jèZcl[\j\kkè^lg
Xe<iY`cJkfZb<oZ_Xe^\%C`Z\ej\[è=\YilXip)'('#k_`jn`ccY\
YXj\[fek_\df[\clj\[è;lYX`Xe[8Yl;_XY`%@kn`ccf]]\i
î\Xk\iÕ\o`Y`c`kp]fi]fi\`êèm\jkfij#]XZ`c`kXk\k_\I\^`feËjZi\[`k
Õfnj#Xe[jk`dlcXk\cèbjkfk_\èk\ieXk`feXcYljè\jjZfddle`kp%
=èXeZ`Xcj\im`Z\jZlii\ekcpXZZflek]fifecpXifle[knfg\i
Z\ekf]XccYljè\jjèk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe%N`k_Xîfnè^gi`mXk\
j\Zkfie\\[è^dfi\j\im`Z\j#Xe[î\Xk\iZfekXZkn`k_fk_\i
Zfleki`\jZi\Xkè^Xdfi\jfg_`jk`ZXk\[Zfejld\i#k_\ÔeXeZ`Xc
j\im`Z\jj\Zkfi`jc`b\cpkfîfnj`ê`ÔZXekcp%■
-0
!
"#
$"
%&
'
(
)#
*
+
,-
+
,
.
+
#
E8KLI8CI<JFLI:<J
@eZi\Xjè^n\Xck_n`k_f`cXe[^Xj
8eèk\im`\nn`k_;i8j_k`?XniXd`#k_\BI>Ëj
Dè`jk\if]EXkliXcI\jfliZ\j
Pfl_Xm\efnY\\eDè`jk\if]EXkliXcI\jfliZ\j]fi]flip\Xij%
;fpflZfej`[\ipflik\eli\kfY\XjlZZ\jj6
Kf[Xk\#@Xd\eZfliX^\[Ypk_\jlZZ\jjf]k_\f`cXe[^Xjj\Zkfi
èBli[`jkXe#YlkYl`c[è^lgXeè[ljkipXcdfjk]ifdjZiXkZ_[f\j
efk_Xgg\eY\ZXlj\f]fe\g\ijfeXcfe\%@k`jXi\jlckf]k_\i`^_k
gfc`Z`\j#k_\i`^_kk\Xdj#k_\i`^_kgfc`k`ZXcXe[\Zfefd`ZZc`dXk\#
k_\i`^_kk`dè^#Xe[Yiè^è^èk_\i`^_kZfdgXe`\j%
I\d\dY\ik_Xk#Y\ZXlj\f]k_\gfc`Z`\jf]gXjkZ\ekiXc
^fm\ied\ekjkfnXi[jBli[`jkXe#fliI\^`fenXjXe\Zfefd`Z
YXZbnXk\i%N\n\i\e\m\iXYc\kfY\e\Ôk]ifdk_\n\Xck_f]eXkliXc
i\jfliZ\jk_Xkn\XcnXpjbe\nnXjle[\ifli]\\k%8e[#\m\ek_fl^_
n\\eafp\[jfd\j\Zli`kple[\ij\c]$ilc\X]k\i(00(#`knXjeËklek`c
k_\c`Y\iXk`fe]ifdk_\9XËXk_`jkjè)''*#k_\ek_\]\[\iXc@iXh`
Zfejk`klk`feè)'',#Xe[k_\BI>f`cXe[^XjcXnè)''.#k_Xkn\
n\i\XYc\kfj\kk_\]fle[Xk`fejkfÔeXccp\ogcf`kflii\jfliZ\j]fi
k_\Y\e\Ôkf]k_\g\fgc\f]Bli[`jkXe#Xjn\ccXjXccf]@iXh%
Dr Ashti Hawrami, the KRG’s
Minister of Natural Resources
N_Xk_Xm\Y\\ek_\dXèXZ_`\m\d\ekj6
N\_Xm\j`ê\[+*gif[lZk`fe$j_Xiè^ZfekiXZkjn`k_jfd\+'
ZfdgXe`\j#èmfcmè^(-Zfleki`\j%K_\@F:jèk\ieXk`feXcf`c
ZfdgXe`\j _Xm\Zfdd`kk\[jfd\('Y`cc`feèm\jkd\ekèk_\
\e\i^pj\Zkfièk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe%Fli[peXd`Z#gif$dXib\k
XggifXZ_`jZi\Xkè^gi`mXk\$j\ZkfiYljè\jjfggfikle`k`\j#efk
aljkèBli[`jkXeYlkXZifjj@iXh%K_fljXe[jf]afYjn`cci\jlck%
N\_Xm\i\XZ_\[k_\gfèkk_Xkn\ZXe`dgc\d\ekgcXej
hl`Zbcpkf\ogfik(''#'''YXii\cjf]f`cg\i[XpYg[ #i`jè^kf
(,'#'''Yg[Ypk_\\e[f])'((%9p)'(+#Bli[`jkXen`ccY\XYc\kf
\ogfikXkc\Xjkfe\d`cc`feYXii\cjg\i[Xp%K_Xk`jXi\XjfeXYc\
gif[lZk`fec\m\ckf\og\Zk]ifdk_\i\j\im\jk_Xkn\Xek`Z`gXk\è
Bli[`jkXe%K_\i\_Xm\Y\\e\`^_kj`ê`ÔZXekf`cÔe[j%N\\jk`dXk\
k_\gfk\ek`Xcf`ci\j\im\jXkXifle[+,Y`cc`feYXii\cj%8cck_`jd\XejX
cXi^\èZi\Xj\èi\m\el\j]fi@iXhXjXn_fc\#^`m\ek_Xkk_\Zflekip
`jZlii\ekcpgif[lZèâljkfm\iknfd`cc`feYXii\cjf]f`cg\i[Xp%
?fnXYflk^Xj6
N\cc#Zfej\imXk`m\\jk`dXk\jglkk_\I\^`feËji\j\im\jY\kn\\e
k_i\\Xe[jòki`cc`feZlY`Zd\k\ij%K_`jglkjljXkk_ì[fi]flik_
gcXZ\ZfdgXi\[n`k_k_\\o`jkè^jlggc`\ijf]g`g\[^XjkfKlib\p
Xe[<lifg\%N\Xi\cffbè^Xkk_\\oZ`kè^gifjg\Zkf]jlggcpè^
^Xjkfk_\EXYlZZfg`g\cè\#n_`Z_n`ccZXiip^Xj]ifdk_\:Xjg`Xe
Xe[@iXhlgkfk_\_\Xikf]<lifg\%
.(
.)
E8KLI8CI<JFLI:<J
At present, the Kurdistan
Region is exporting 100,000
barrels of oil per day
8]k\in\_Xm\[\m\cfg\[X^Xjî`[]fi[fd\jk`Zlj\#k_\
Bli[`jkXeI\^`feZXed\\kk_\cfe^$k\idjlggcpe\\[jf]
Klib\pXe[<lifg\#Y\è^Xi\c`XYc\Xck\ieXk`m\kf\o`jkè^^Xj
jlggc`\ij%8k_fd\#n\Xi\Xci\X[pljè^^Xjkf_\cgn`k_gfn\i
^\e\iXk`fe%:`k`q\ejf]k_\I\^`fe^\kXifle[)'_flijf]
\c\Zki`Z`kpX[Xp#feXm\iX^\%K_XkËj(+$(-_flijdfi\k_Xe
k_\p_X[X]\np\XijX^f#Xe[(+$(-_flijdfi\k_Xedfjk
Z`k`q\ejèk_\i\jkf]@iXh%K_\i\`jjk`ccdlZ__Xi[nfibkfY\
[fe\kf[\m\cfgfli^Xji\j\im\j#Ylk_\i\#Xjn`k_f`c#n\n`cc
Y\[i`m\eYpi\jlckjiXk_\ik_Xe`[\fcf^p%
>`m\ek_`jgifî\jjèjlZ_Xj_fikjgXZ\f]k`d\#n_p_Xm\pfli
gfc`Z`\jd\kn`k_jfdlZ_fggfj`k`fe]ifd9X^_[X[6
K_\e\n@iXh_XjXe\n]\[\iXcZfejk`klk`fe#n_`Z_`jk_\
Zfie\ijkfe\f]\m\ipk_è^n\[f%8ik`Zc\j((,Xe[()() ^`m\
i\^`fejc`b\Bli[`jkXec\^Xcjlgi\dXZpfedXkk\ijflkj`[\k_\
\oZclj`m\gfn\ijf]9X^_[X[%@ek_\XYj\eZ\f]Xepgifm`j`fe
\ogc`Z`kcpjl^^\jkè^fk_\in`j\#8ik`Zc\(((#fi]\[\iXc^fm\ied\ek
Zfekifcfm\if`c#`jk_\i\]fi\jlYa\Zkkfk_\cXnjf]k_\Bli[`jkXe
I\^`fe%N\Y\c`\m\èYfk_k_\c\kk\iXe[k_\jgì`kf]k_Xk
E8KLI8CI<JFLI:<J
New oil and gas fields are expected
to come online in the near future
:fejk`klk`fe%N\Y\c`\m\èX^\elè\gXike\ij_`gn`k_k_\]\[\iXc
^fm\ied\ek#gXik`ZlcXicpèk_\f`cXe[^Xjj\Zkfi%9lk`kdljkY\
XgXike\ij_`gf]i\jg\ZkXe[Zfejk`klk`feXc`kp%
N`k_jfd\g\fgc\#`kj\\dj#k_\fc[jkXk\$Z\ekiXc`qè^_XY`kj
[`\_Xi[#Ylk@k_èbk_Xkk_`jk\e[\eZpn`ccn\Xb\eXjXcck_\dXafi
gfc`k`ZXcYcfZjefni\Zfê`q\k_\e\\[kfX[_\i\kfk_\]\[\iXc`jd
gifm`j`fejXjj\kflkèk_\:fejk`klk`fe%9lk#_fe\jkcp#@k_èbk_\
[èfjXlik\e[\eZp#Xj@ZXcck_\d#`jY\Zfdè^\okèZk%@iXhn`ccY\
jkife^\iYpi\Zfê`qè^`kj[`]]\i\eZ\j%8fe\$j`q\$Ôkj$Xcc
XggifXZ_nfeËknfib2`ke\m\i_Xjnfib\[%
JfpflXi\_fg\]lck_Xkk_\`jjl\jn`k_9X^_[X[n`ccY\i\jfcm\[6
8Yjfclk\cp#n\_Xm\nXjk\[]flip\XijXi^lè^#dfmè^fe\jk\g
]finXi[Xe[kXbè^knfjk\gjYXZbÇ`knXjXccm\ip]iljkiXkè^%
8jXi\jlck#@iXh_XjcfjkY`cc`fejèdlZ_$e\\[\[i\m\el\j
]ifd\ogfikj]ifdk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe%K_\i\Z\ekgfc`k`ZXc
è`k`Xk`m\f]Gi\j`[\ek9XiqXe`kfYiè^kf^\k_\ijlggfik]fiXe\n
]\[\iXcX[dè`jkiXk`feè9X^_[X[n`cc#@Y\c`\m\#XcjfYiè^XYflk
XYi\Xbk_ifl^_èk_\f`cXe[^Xjj\Zkfi%@knXjfe\f]k_\BI>Ëj
Zfe[`k`fej]fijlggfikè^DiDXc`b`kfY\gi`d\dè`jk\i%
Jg\Z`ÔZXccp#n_Xkn\i\pflXjbè^]fi6
N\jX`[k_Xkn\nXek\[kfj\\X]\[\iXcf`cXe[^XjcXnXe[X
]\[\iXci\m\el\$j_Xiè^cXnègcXZ\Ypk_\d`[[c\f])'((%K_\j\
cXnjXi\\jj\ek`Xc]fi@iXhËj]lkli\jkXY`c`kpXe[gifjg\i`kp%N\jX`[
k_Xk#\m\eY\]fi\k_\e#n\nXekkfi\jld\\ogfikjXjjffeXj
gfjj`Yc\#XjXk\dgfiXipd\Xjli\lek`ck_\j\cXnjXi\\eXZk\[%
8e[n\jX`[k_Xkk_\i\dljkY\Xe\e[kfk_\gfc`Zpf]YcXZbc`jkè^
.,
.-
E8KLI8CI<JFLI:<J
The fuel and energy requirements of
Kurdistan’s consumers are on the rise
ZfdgXe`\jk_XknfibèBli[`jkXe]ifdfg\iXkè^èk_\i\jkf]
@iXh%K_Xki\XccpnXjXnife^gfc`ZpX[fgk\[Ypk_\f`cdè`jkipè
9X^_[X[#Xe[`knXj_Xid]lckf@iXh%Jf]Xi#n\_Xm\_X[m\ip
gfj`k`m\j`êXcj]ifdDiDXc`b`Xe[n\cffb]finXi[kfi\jfcmè^
k_\j\`jjl\jXe[dfmè^fe%
Jfn_Xkn`ccY\k_\e\okjk\gj]fik_\f`cXe[^Xjj\Zkfièk_\
Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe6
N\cc#f]Zflij\#n\n`ccj\\k_\i\jldgk`fef]\ogfikj#Xe[
gifYXYcpfe\fiknfdfi\Ô\c[jn`ccY\Zfdè^fecè\èk_\
efk$kff$[`jkXek]lkli\%N\n`ccXcjfY\`dgc\d\ekè^Xe[
[\m\cfgè^fli^XjjkiXk\^p%8jXi\jlck#n\n`ccYl`c[dfi\
i\Ôe\i`\j#dfi\gfn\igcXekj#]l\ccè^k_\i`j\f]XjljkXèXYc\
è[ljki`XcXe[Xî`ZlckliXcYXj\èBli[`jkXe#Xe[j\im`Zè^k_\
îfnè^[fd\jk`Z[\dXe[]fi\e\i^p%
;fnejki\Xd`jXcjfjfd\k_è^n\Xi\]fZljè^fe#
g\kifZ_\d`ZXcjXe[jffe%N\XZ_`\m\Xcck_`jk_ifl^_X
k_fifl^_cpdf[\ie#gif$dXib\kXggifXZ_èn_`Z_èm\jkfij
Xi\n\cZfd\%K_\jkXk\j_flc[Y\i\^lcXkè^#efk[`ZkXkè^%
K_\f`cZfdgXe`\j_Xm\j_Xi\_fc[\ij#YfXi[jf][ì\Zkfij#
Xe[èm\jkfijY\_è[k_\d%K_\]XZkk_Xkk_\pXi\_\i\`j
fYm`fljcpY\ZXlj\k_\pc`b\n_Xkn\_Xm\#n_Xkn\jXp#fli
df[\c#flic\^Xc]iXd\nfib#Xe[k_\fggfikle`k`\jk_Xk\o`jk_\i\%
@X[m`j\Xccnflc[$Y\èm\jkfijkfZfd\kfBli[`jkXeXe[j\\]fi
k_\dj\cm\jk_\_l^\Xe[legXiXcc\c\[gifjg\Zkj]fiYljè\jj%■
Genel Energy is one of the first to explore for petroleum in the
Kurdistan Region of Iraq and today is the biggest investor and the
biggest reserve-holder in the KRG.
Following successful operations in Taq Taq, Genel Energy
expanded its interests to other Production Sharing Contracts
(PSCs) in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Taq Taq and Tawke
licence areas are at the development and production phase, and
Kewa Chirmila, Ber Bahr, Dohuk, Miran and Chia Surkh licence
areas at the exploration phase. Currently, Taq Taq and Tawke
have production capacities of 60,000 bopd and 50,000 bopd
respectively. Genel Energy is the operator under the Ber Bahr
PSC and co-operator in Taq Taq.
Genel Energy’s objective is to grow rapidly and with a view to
becoming a highly regarded global E&P company.
!
"#
##
$
%&
$#
'(%)*
#
+
,
-.
*
4
4
%!(
+#" #
")*
$*(
"+
'+
*&&
"))
(
1
"
"
0
23/
%#"&&!$'
! -).
'$(
!
,! !$
()$
$
*+!$
$+!"!
/
%&
"#&
"#$
"',+$
"#$
-!!#
"#
!
"#$
3
/
##
#6
$#
#
3
#
#
7
#
#
$
3
#
$
#
#
+"
/
0
&#
10&2
/
#
3
3
/4&#
%#
3
5
#
7
.
4
##
#
#
4
# # #
3
/
##
#
5
7 5 #
# 4
3
#
#
SPONSORED FEATURE
DNO: exploring and shaping a better future
What is the background of DNO?
DNO was established as a public company and
listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange in 1971. The
company, which was completely revitalized in
1996, is in the upstream sector with focus on
both onshore and offshore activities.
The operatorship of the Heather field on the
UKCS in 1997 was a stepping stone for DNO
during the first growth cycle. From an offshore
operatorship on the UKCS, DNO moved to
onshore Yemen in 1998. Today it operates
four licenses in Yemen and is partner in one.
The entry to the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
was in 2004 with DNO being the operator
of two licenses initially, which became three
following the review of the contracts in 2008.
DNO has still a presence offshore with
operatorship in an offshore license in UK,
and is also partner in an offshore license in
Equatorial Guinea.
The corporate headquarters is in Oslo,
with operating units in Mozambique, Yemen,
Dubai, and the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
Africa and the Middle East are currently the
key focus areas of DNO.
What has DNO achieved in Kurdistan?
Following extensive geological work, DNO
decided to drill the first exploration well in
Kurdistan in late 2005, on the Tawke geological
anticline, close to the border with Turkey.
While the acquisition and processing of
seismic data was ongoing in summer 2005,
DNO acquired the equipment to drill its first
well in a Region where none existed at that
time. The Tawke-1 exploration well discovered
commercial quantities of crude oil.
A field development program was initiated
immediately, and a central processing facility
and a 43 km export pipeline were constructed
in record time, along with the drilling of
additional development wells. The field was
fully developed in June 2007 – only two years
after commencement of seismic exploration
activities on the ground.
Export of crude oil from the Kurdistan
Region to the international market is essential to create full value from current and future
oil discoveries. Export was allowed for a short
period, for about 3 months from 1 June 2009,
but was halted because of non-payment for
crude oil being exported. The field has, meanwhile, supplied crude oil to the local market.
The first exploration well made a discovery
in the Erbil PSC contract area in 2007. This
field is being appraised.
What are the longer-term aspirations of
DNO in Kurdistan?
DNO has long-term commitments to all
stakeholders of the Region. At least three new
exploration wells are planned for 2010-11, one
in each of the licenses operated by DNO.
The near-term aspirations are to have
all matters resolved such that crude oil
from Kurdistan will again be exported to
the international markets, for the benefit of
the Region, the whole of Iraq and to the oil
companies engaged in E&P activities. DNO is
hopeful this may happen soon. The company
recommenced the export of crude oil from
Tawke on 2 February 2011 at rates in excess
of 65,000 bpd, and is also assisting the KRG
by receiving third-party crude oil for export
using the DNO export infrastructure.
What focus is placed on
Corporate Responsibilities?
Corporate responsibilities take various shapes
and forms. DNO supports local reconstruction
with $12 million defined as Capacity Building
Bonuses in the contracts signed with the KRG.
Apart from providing jobs to the local
community, DNO is also contributing greatly
toward bettering the infrastructure, health, and
hygiene standards of the Region. The sum of
$150 million is being contributed toward the
building of a water purification plant in Dohuk
for the benefit of the city and nearby villages.
DNO has invested in local school upgrades
and equipping local hospitals with requisite
medical facilities, and the company will
continue to partner with the local community
in shaping a better future.
DNO International ASA
Stranden 1, Aker Brygge,
N-0250 Oslo
P.O. Box 1345 Vika, 0113
Oslo, Norway
Phone: (+47) 23 23 84 80
Website: www.dno.no
E8KLI8CI<JFLI:<J
?p[ifZXiYfej1èm\jkd\ek
Xe[]lkli\i`Z_\j
=fi\`ê\e\i^pZfdgXe`\jXi\[`jZfm\iè^k_\n\Xck_f]
fggfikle`k`\jk_Xkk_\I\^`fef]]\ij#ni`k\j8_d\[JX`[#
Gi\j`[\ekf]F`cXe[>XjXk=fiY\jXe[DXe_XkkXe
K_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe_Xj^\e\iXk\[Xî\XkXdflekf]
\oZ`k\d\eki\Z\ekcpfm\i`kjgfk\ek`XclekXgg\[_p[ifZXiYfe
i`Z_\j%@k_Xj^fe\]ifdXI\^`fe^\e\iXccpfm\icffb\[#
ZfdgXi\[n`k_k_\dXjj`m\i\j\im\jèJflk_\ie@iXh#kfY\è^fe\
f]k_\_fkk\jkXi\Xjèk_\g\kifc\ld\ogcfiXk`feXe[gif[lZk`fe
j\Zkfi%K_\i\Xi\^ff[i\Xjfej]fik_`j%Bli[`jkXeËjgifo`d`kpkf
k_\cXi^\jkilZkli\jf]BìblbXe[k_\^\e\iXccpgif[lZk`m\
QXîfjdflekXèj^`m\jZfeÔ[\eZ\k_Xkk_\I\^`fegfjj\jj\j
j`ê`ÔZXeki\j\im\jf]_p[ifZXiYfej%@e[\\[#k_`jZfeÔ[\eZ\`j
Y\è^gifm\eYpk_\[`jZfm\i`\jY\è^dX[\YpXiXe^\f]
ZfdgXe`\j%8e[#Bli[`jkXe`jXcjfXÊjX]\Ë\emìfed\ekèn_`Z_
kfèm\jkÇj\Zli`kp`jm\ip^ff[Xe[k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXc
>fm\ied\ek`jjlggfik`m\f]]fi\`êèm\jkfij%
K_\I\^`fe`jefk#_fn\m\i#Xe\neXd\èk_\_p[ifZXiYfej
j\Zkfi%@e[\\[#`k`jfe\f]k_\fc[\jk%K_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fef]@iXh
nXjk_\Yìk_gcXZ\f]k_\@iXh`f`cj\ZkfiXe[#_\eZ\#k_Xkf]k_\
D`[[c\<Xjkè^\e\iXc%@knXj_\i\#Xkk_\:_`XJlib_jkilZkli\#
jflk_$\Xjkf]k_\Z`kpf]JlcX`dXe`X#k_Xkk_\Ôijk\ogcfiXk`fen\cc
è@iXhnXj[i`cc\[è(0')Ypk_\gi\[\Z\jjfif]k_\8e^cf$G\ij`Xe
f`cZfdgXep%K_`j_`jkfi`ZXcf`cn\ccnXjk_\Ôijk[i`cc\[è@iXh#Xe[
gXm\[k_\nXp]fik_\[`jZfm\ipf]k_\jlg\i$^`XekBìblbÔ\c[%
JèZ\k_\e#k_\QXîfjk_iljkY\ck_Xjklie\[èkfXgifc`ÔZ
_p[ifZXiYfegifmèZ\%@e)'''#k_\LJ>J\jk`dXk\[k_\QXîfj
k_iljkY\ckZfekXè\[dfi\k_Xe+*Y`cc`feYXii\cjf]f`c%
N`k_k_`jgfk\ek`Xc#Xe[Zflgc\[n`k_`kjjkXYc\j\Zli`kp
Xkdfjg_\i\Xe[èm\jkfi$]i`\e[cpgfc`Z`\j#k_\I\^`fe_Xj
XkkiXZk\[j`ê`ÔZXekèk\i\jk]ifd]fi\`ê\e\i^pZfdgXe`\j%
K_\iXe^\f]ZfdgXe`\jefnfg\iXkè^èk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe`j
kilcp`dgi\jj`m\Xe[èZcl[\jjfd\m\ipn\cc$befneeXd\j%K_\
Oil production has boosted all
sectors of the Region’s economy
_p[ifZXiYfejj\Zkfif]k_\I\^`fe`jXcjfj\imè^kfèm`^fiXk\
k_\\Zfefdpè^\e\iXc#n`k_j\im`Z\è[ljki`\jY\Zfdè^dfi\
gifdè\ek#Xe[fk_\ii\cXk\[j\ZkfijY\e\Ôkè^]ifdk_\îfnè^
\Zfefd`ZjlZZ\jj%K_\_`^_$\e[_fk\cjY\è^[\m\cfg\[è<iY`c
Xe[JlcX`dXe`XXi\Zc\Xiè[`ZXkfijf]k_`j#Ylk\m\edfi\
`dgi\jj`m\Xi\k_\dfi\èkXe^`Yc\[\m\cfgd\ekjkXbè^gcXZ\è
Bli[`jkXeËjZ`k`\jXe[kfnejÇk_\pXi\Y\è^kiXej]fid\[#
`dgifm\[Xe[df[\ie`q\[%@e[\\[#`k`jefjligi`j\k_Xkk_\
ZfdgXi`jfekf;lYX``jf]k\edX[\ÇXe[n\j_flc[efk]fi^\k
k_XkBli[`jkXeËjeXkliXci\jfliZ\gfk\ek`Xc`jZfej`[\iXYcpdfi\
k_Xek_Xkf];lYX`n_\e[\m\cfgd\ekjkXik\[k_\i\%
I\Z\ekdlck`$Y`cc`fe$YXii\c[`jZfm\i`\j_Xm\fZZlii\[#Xe[
k_\i\Xi\jk`ccgc\ekpf]Xek`ZcèXcjkilZkli\jp\kkfY\[i`cc\[#
klieè^Bli[`jkXeèkfXe\d\i^è^Êd\^X$gcXpËk_Xk^\e\iXk\j
èk\i\jkXdfe^dXafijkfgXik`Z`gXk\Xe[XZhlì\Xg`\Z\f]k_`j
nfic[$ZcXjjYXjè%8jk_\gfc`k`ZXci\cXk`fej_`gY\kn\\e<iY`cXe[
9X^_[X[Y\Zfd\jZc\Xi\iXe[\Xj`\i#jfBli[`jkXeY\Zfd\jX]Xi
dfi\XkkiXZk`m\èm\jkd\ekgifgfj`k`fe]fidfi\i`jb$Xm\ij\
dXafij%8e[#`k`jefjligi`j\k_Xkk_`j`jefnY\^èeè^kf_Xgg\e%
/(
/)
E8KLI8CI<JFLI:<J
The potential of Kurdistan’s oil and
gas reserves is finally being realised
with the help of foreign investment
DXiXk_feF`c#]fi\oXdgc\#`jk_\cXk\jkèk\ieXk`feXcf`cZfdgXep
kfj`êlg]fiXGif[lZk`feJ_Xiè^:fekiXZkn`k_k_\Bli[`jkXe
I\^`feXc>fm\ied\ek%
=fi=fiY\jXe[DXe_XkkXe#n\_Xm\knfZfdgXe`\j#MXjk
<ogcfiXk`fe@eZXe[Cfe^]fi[<e\i^p@eZ#fg\iXkè^èk_\I\^`fe
Xe[cffb]finXi[kfk_\jlZZ\jj]lc\ogcfiXk`feXe[[\m\cfgd\ek
f]fliYcfZbj%<ogcfiXk`fe`jjk`ccè`kjè]XeZpXe[k_\i\Xi\gc\ekp
f]fggfikle`k`\j%=fiY\jXe[DXe_XkkXe`jk_\fg\iXkfif]k_\
:_`XJlib_YcfZb#n_`Z_n\gcXekf[i`cc[liè^k_\j\Zfe[hlXik\i
f])'((%LgfejlZZ\jj]lck\jkè^#k_\ÔijkÔ\c[n`ccY\Yifl^_k
fecè\j_fikcpX]k\inXi[j#k_\i\YpZi\Xkè^dXepcfZXcafYjXe[
gifm`[è^X[[`k`feXci\m\el\]fik_\>fm\ied\ek%
@k`jXe\oZ`kè^k`d\]fik_\I\^`fe#Xe[Xeèm\jkfiZXe
Zc\Xicpj\\k_XkX]k\icXe[è^Xkk_\e\n#dlck`d`cc`fe$[fccXi<iY`c
@ek\ieXk`feXc8ìgfik%N`k_e\n_fk\cjXe[j_fggè^dXccjY\è^
Yl`ckXZifjjk_\I\^`fej#Bli[`jkXe`jgf`j\[]fiiXg`[\Zfefd`Z
[\m\cfgd\ekjglii\[Ypg\kifc\ldi\m\el\%
:\ikXègfc`k`ZXcleZ\ikXèk`\ji\dXèn`k_è@iXh%?fn\m\i#
gifî\jj`j\m`[\ek#n`k_k_\i\Z\ek]fidXk`fef]k_\@iXh=\[\iXc
>fm\ied\ek%K_\i\cXk`fej_`gY\kn\\e<iY`cXe[9X^_[X[`jefn
]i`\e[cpXe[]finXi[$cffbè^#Xjk_\i\`jX^\e\iXci\Zfê`k`fek_Xk
k_\èk\i\jkjf]@iXhXe[Bli[`jkXeXi\dlklXcXe[efkXek`gXk_\k`Z%
Fm\ik_\e\ok]\ndfek_j#Bli[`jkXeZXeiXg`[cpi\$\jkXYc`j_
f`c\ogfikjkfèk\ieXk`feXcdXib\kj#n_`Z_n`ccp`\c[e\\[\[
X[[`k`feXci\m\el\]fik_\@iXh`g\fgc\%K_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe
i\gi\j\ekjXj_èè^\oXdgc\f]\Zfefd`ZjlZZ\jj#Xe[=fiY\jXe[
DXe_XkkXe`j_fefi\[kf_Xm\gXike\i\[n`k_k_\>fm\ied\ek
Xe[kfèm\jkèk_\]lkli\f]k_`jI\^`fe%■
Demner, Merlicek & Bergmann
OMV is a global company that invests
up to EUR 40mn in each individual well.
www.omv.com
OMV has been active in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq since 2007, with operations
that started in 2008. OMV can draw from its broad expertise from operating
diligently in harsh environments and apply experience already gained in a number
of countries in the region. The company is ready to provide integrated solutions and
rely on its very strong team of local and international experts.
Move & More.
Advisory services
Concept to commissioning
Feasibility studies
Basic engineering
FEED
Detailed engineering
EPCM services
PMC services
Procurement solutions
Pipelines
Offshore topsides
LNG, LPG, CNG
Petroleum storage facilities
Refineries
Petrochemicals facilities
Onshore surface facilities
Heavy oil processing
Clean development mechanism
Carbon capture and storage
GLOBAL SKILLS, LOCAL EXPERTISE
0RWW0DF'RQDOGLVDJOREDOPDQDJHPHQWHQJLQHHULQJDQGGHYHORSPHQWFRQVXOWDQF\ZLWKDWXUQRYHU
RIELOOLRQDQGRYHUVWDIIRSHUDWLQJLQFRXQWULHV)RURYHU\HDUV0RWW0DF'RQDOG¶V
VSHFLDOLVWWHDPVRIFRQVXOWDQWVHQJLQHHUVDQGSURMHFWPDQDJHUVKDYHZRUNHGRQJOREDOSURMHFWV
LQWKHRLODQGJDVVHFWRU:HKDYHVXSSRUWHGDFRPSOHWHVSHFWUXPRIFOLHQWVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKH
RLOJDVDQGSHWURFKHPLFDOLQGXVWULHVSURYLGLQJDGLYHUVHUDQJHRIVHUYLFHVIRUZRUOGFODVVSURMHFWV
2XUFDSDELOLWLHVDUHXQGHUSLQQHGE\RXWVWDQGLQJWHFKQLFDOH[SHUWLVHFRYHULQJDOOVSHFLDOLVW
GLVFLSOLQHV2YHUWKH\HDUVRXUZRUNKDVUHFHLYHGLQWHUQDWLRQDOUHFRJQLWLRQKDYLQJZRQ
QXPHURXVWHFKQLFDOLQQRYDWLRQDQGVXVWDLQDELOLW\DZDUGVIRURLODQGJDVSURMHFWVZRUOGZLGH
:HKDYHEHHQZRUNLQJLQ,UDTWKURXJKRXURI¿FHVLQ%DVUDVLQFHDVDQ,UDTLUHJLVWHUHG
FRPSDQ\:LWKRXUSUHGRPLQDQWO\,UDTLWHDPEDFNHGE\RXULQWHUQDWLRQDOHQJLQHHULQJDQG
PDQDJHPHQWH[SHUWLVHDQGVDIHW\TXDOLW\FRQWUROZHKDYHVXFFHVVIXOO\GHOLYHUHGPDQ\
KXQGUHGVRIFKDOOHQJLQJSURMHFWVWKURXJKRXW,UDT
ZZZRLODQGJDVPRWWPDFFRP
E8KLI8CI<JFLI:<J
K_\gfj`k`m\`dgXZk
f]_p[ifZXiYfej
Workers at the Tawke oil field in Zakho,
which started exporting in June 2009
9iX[:Xdgf]B8I>iflgi\gfikjfe_fnf`cXe[^Xj
i\j\im\jXi\Yiè^èî\m\el\kfk_\I\^`feXe[
fg\eè^lge\nYljè\jjfggfikle`k`\j
Bli[`jkXeËjjkfip_XjXcnXpjY\\efe\]fZlj\[fek_\gXjk%=ifd
gifl[]\Xkjf]_\if`jdX^Xèjkfggi\jj`fekfleY\c`\mXYcp_fii`Yc\
kXc\ji`mXcè^k_\\m`c\jkk_\nfic[_Xj\e[li\[#k_\i\Zfcc\Zk`fejf]
p\jk\i[XpÔcck_\df[\ie[`Xcf^%
P\kXe\ndff[_Xj[i`]k\[è]ifdk_\QXîfjdflekXèj
Xe[j\kkc\[lgfek_\g\fgc\f]k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fef]@iXh%<p\j
Xi\j_`]kè^]ifdp\jk\i[Xpkfkfdfiifn#Xe[]ifdm`Zk`d_ff[kf
X]\\cè^f]\dgfn\id\ek%
K_\dff[`jgXik`ZlcXicp\m`[\ekèfe\e\nj\Zkfiè
Bli[`jkXe1f`cXe[^Xj%=fiXZ\eklip#dlck`gc\i\^`d\j_Xm\
_fXi[\[k_\ÊYcXZb^fc[Ëk_XkÕfnj]ifdBli[`jkXe%E\m\i_Xm\k_\
Y\e\Ôkjf]k_\f`cY\\eXccfn\[kfYl`c[#le`k\#Xe[]fjk\iXg\fgc\
k_Xkj\\bg\XZ\#jkXY`c`kp#Xe[_Xggè\jj%@ejk\X[#f`c_XjZXlj\[
nXij#fZZlgXk`fe#fggi\jj`fe#Xe[[\Xk_%9lkefkXepdfi\%
Kf[Xp#Bli[`jkXe`jXcXe[f]fggfikle`kpèk_\f`cXe[^Xj
j\Zkfi%K_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXc>fm\ied\ekBI> cXleZ_\[`kj
/,
/-
E8KLI8CI<JFLI:<J
\ogcfiXk`feXe[[\m\cfgd\ekgifîXdYpgXjjè^Xgifî\jj`m\#p\k
Zfdd\iZ`XccpXjklk\#cXnè)''.%:fdgXe`\j]ifdk_\8d\i`ZXj#
<lifg\#8j`X#8ljkiXc`X#8]i`ZX#Xe[k_\D`[[c\<XjkXi\efngi\j\ek
èBli[`jkXe#\ogcfiè^]fiXe[[\m\cfgè^f`cXe[^Xji\jfliZ\j%
CfZXcZfdgXe`\jXi\Xejn\iè^k_\[\dXe[]fij\im`Z\ji\hlì\[
Ypk_\èk\ieXk`feXcf`cZfdgXe`\jXe[`dgifmè^k_\\Zfefdpf]
Bli[`jkXeYp\dgcfpè^\m\i$îfnèêldY\ijf]nfib\ij%CfZXc
Yljè\jjd\eXi\èm\jkè^èf`c$gifZ\jjè^]XZ`c`k`\j#èZcl[èê\n
i\Ôe\i`\jXe[gfn\igcXekj]l\c\[Ypk_\^Xjgif[lZ\[cfZXccp%
G8JK:FEJKI8@EKJK_\gfk\ek`Xc]fif`c$Xe[^Xj$i\cXk\[
è[ljkipZXeefkY\le[\ijkXk\[%?`jkfi`ZXccp#le[\ik_\9XËXk_
i\^`d\#è[ljki`Xc[\m\cfgd\ekèBli[`jkXe_X[Y\\e[`jZfliX^\[
Yp9X^_[X[#n_`c\k_\\eXYc\ijf]è[ljki`Xcîfnk_ÇjlZ_Xj
kiXejgfikXk`feXe[Zfddle`ZXk`feje\knfibj#i\c`XYc\gfn\i#
XZZ\jjkfflkj`[\dXib\kj#Xn\cc$kiXè\[nfib]fiZ\#Xe[X
gifî\jj`m\c\^Xc]iXd\nfibÇn\i\e\m\i]fjk\i\[%
?fn\m\i#k_Xk[f\jefk_fc[kil\kf[Xp%Fm\i(#'''
d\^XnXkkjf]gfn\igif[lZk`fe_XjY\\eèkif[lZ\[èBli[`jkXe%
=fli$cXe\_`^_nXpjZfee\Zk<iY`ckfBìblbXe[Dfjlc#Xe[e\n
ifX[j]XZ`c`kXk\kiX[\n`k_Klib\pXe[@iXe%=`Y\i$fgk`Zcè\jXi\
jkXikè^kf]\\[k_\Zfddle`ZXk`feje\knfibj#Xe[dfY`c\$g_fe\
g\e\kiXk`fe`j_`^_%I\cXk`fejn`k_e\`^_Yfiè^jkXk\j#_`^_c`^_k\[
Ypc\m\cjf]]fi\`ê[ì\Zkèm\jkd\ekèk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe#
è[`ZXk\kiljkXe[fggfikle`kpèk_\dXib\k%
GFC@K@:8C@JJL<JLe]fikleXk\cp#Xcc`jefkn`k_flk
Zfekifm\ijp%Gfc`k`ZjXi\^\kkè^èk_\nXpf]gifî\jjfek_\f`c
]ifek%K_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fedXèkXèj[\Ôe\[i`^_kjèk_\
Zfejk`klk`fekf]fidlcXk\Xe[`dgc\d\ek`kjf`c$Xe[$^Xjdf[\c#Xcc
k_\n_`c\i\Zfê`qè^k_Xkk_\i\jfliZ\jY\cfe^kfXe[j_flc[Y\
j_Xi\[n`k_Xcck_\Z`k`q\ejf]@iXh%?fn\m\i#[`]]\iè^m`\nj\o`jk
Xdfe^jfd\d\dY\ijf]k_\@iXh`^fm\ied\ek#èZcl[è^k_\
fgè`fek_XkjlZ_i`^_kjj_flc[Y\fm\ij\\e]ifd9X^_[X[%
@eXe\]]fikkf[\dfejkiXk\k_Xkk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe]lccp
jlggfikjk_\ZfeZ\gkf]@iXh`fne\ij_`gf]f`c#BI>f]ÔZ`XcjXî\\[
k_Xkk_\JkXk\F`cDXib\kè^Fi^Xe`qXk`feJFDF #le[\ik_\
Dè`jkipf]F`cè9X^_[X[#ZXeY\k_\X^\ek]fij\ccè^Zil[\
\ogfik\[]ifdBli[`jkXe%K_`jXccfnjk_\gffcè^f]i\m\el\]fi
Xccf`cgif[lZ\[fek_\k\ii`kfipf]@iXh#Ylk`k`j\jj\ek`Xc]fi
jkXY`c`kpXe[[\dfZiXk`Z[\m\cfgd\ekèk_\Zflekipk_XkX
i\jgfej`Yc\i\m\el\$j_Xiè^gcXe#Xji\hlì\[Ypk_\:fejk`klk`fe
f]@iXh#`jgXjj\[Ypk_\]\[\iXcc\^`jcXkli\%I\m\el\j_Xiè^j_Xcc
Y\k_\^cl\k_Xk_fc[jk_\[`m\ij\eXk`fekf^\k_\i#glj_è^k_\
jlggcpf]èm\jkd\ekXe[\jj\ek`Xcj\im`Z\jkfk_\c\m\cf]dfjk
\]ÔZ`\ekdXeX^\d\ekÆk_\cfZXcc\m\c%
Companies from around the world are looking
to develop the Region’s oil and gas resources
K_\gXjkp\Xi_XjY\\efe\f]j`ê`ÔZXeZ\]fiBli[`jkXe%
DXepf]k_\nfic[Ëjc\X[è^YiXe[jÇèZcl[è^Cl]k_XejX#G\gj`#
:Xii\]fli#Xe[DXiXk_feF`cÇ_Xm\Z_fj\ek_\I\^`fekfcXleZ_
k_\ìèm\jkd\ekjè@iXh%K_fljXe[jf]YXii\cjf]i\Ôeè^ZXgXZ`kp
_Xm\Y\\eYifl^_kfecè\kfjlggcp]l\c]fik_\gfglcXk`fe#
èZcl[è^k_\Ôijk$\m\igif[lZk`fef]lec\X[\[^Xjfcè\è@iXh%
K_\cXi^\jkf`cZfdgXe`\j_Xm\ZfekiXZk\[\ogcfiXk`fek\ii`kfip
Xe[dX[\èm\jkd\ekjèfk_\if`cZfdgXe`\jXe[Xî\\d\ekj%
8[[`k`feXcgfn\igcXekj_Xm\Y\\eZfdd`jj`fe\[#]l\c\[Ypk_\
i\jfliZ\jf]k_\I\^`fe%
=LKLI<>IFNK?8j\oZ`kè^Xjk_\e\nj`j#`k[f\jefk
ZfdgXi\n`k_n_Xkkfdfiifn_fc[j%I\Ôeè^ZXgXZ`kp`j\og\Zk\[
kf[flYc\#f`cgif[lZk`fen`ccki`gc\#Xe[gfn\in`ccY\jlggc`\[
ZfejkXekcpkf]lccpZfm\ik_\îfnè^[\dXe[%
K_\ki`Xcjf]p\jk\i[Xpjki\e^k_\ek_\Bli[`j_g\fgc\Xe[
_Xm\èjk`cc\[Xi\j`c`\eZ\Xe[fgk`d`jdkfj\`q\kfdfiifn%K_\
fggfikle`k`\jXi\i\XcXe[mXjk#Xe[k_\dXib\ki`g\]fijljkXè\[#
iXg`[îfnk_#]l\c\[YpXYle[XekeXkliXci\jfliZ\jXe[^l`[\[Yp
fg\e$dXib\kgièZ`gc\j%■
//
E8KLI8CI<JFLI:<J
I\Xgè^k_\i\nXi[jf]f`c
JèZ\Bli[`jkXeËjf`cXe[^Xjj\Zkfi\d\i^\[]ifdk_\
j_X[fnf][ì\ZkZfekifc]ifd9X^_[X[#k_\I\^`fe_Xj
i\Xg\[k_\\Zfefd`ZY\e\ÔkjXe[j\\djj\k]fiX
gifjg\iflj]lkli\#ni`k\jGif]\jjfi>Xi\k_JkXejÔ\c[
K_ifl^_flk@iXhËj_`jkfip#lek`c)''*#9X^_[X[\o\iZ`j\[kfkXc
Zfekifcfm\ik_\f`cj\Zkfik_ifl^_XeXk`feXc`q\[f`cè[ljkip%
Hl`k\c`k\iXccp#9X^_[X[[`ZkXk\[\m\ipjè^c\Xjg\Zkf]@iXhËjf`c
j\Zkfi#èZcl[è^_fnXe[n_\i\i\jfliZ\jXZZil\[]ifdf`cnflc[
Y\jg\ek%K_\j`klXk`fejèZ\)'',_XjY\\ejfd\n_Xk[`]]\i\ek#
n`k_k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe\o\iZ`jè^]\[\iXcZfekifcfm\i`kjf`cXe[
^Xjj\ZkfiXjdXe[Xk\[Ypk_\@iXh`:fejk`klk`fe%K_`j_Xj#Xk
k`d\j#Y\\em`\n\[n`k_ZfeZ\ie#Xe[\m\e_fjk`c`kp#Ypk_\@iXh`
^fm\ied\ekè9X^_[X[%?fn\m\i#`]ZfdgXiXk`m\\m`[\eZ\`j
kfY\X^l`[\#k_\BI>kffbefkfecpXYiXm\jk\gYlkXj\ej`Yc\
fe\Ypj\\bè^kf[\m\cfg`kjfnej\Zkfij\gXiXk\cp]ifd#Ylk
Since 2005, Kurdistan has
exercised federal control
over its oil and gas sector
lck`dXk\cpèk\îXk\[n`k_#k_\i\jkf]@iXhYp\dYiXZè^k_\
]\[\iXceXkli\f]k_\:fejk`klk`fe%
@edf[\ie]\[\iXcjpjk\dj#i\^`fejXe[gifmèZ\j\eafpX
[\î\\f]]i\\[fdk_XkXccfnjk_\dkfglijl\jlZ_gifîXdjn`k_
]Xjk\i`dgc\d\ekXk`feXe[Y\kk\i\]ÔZ`\eZp#Xe[n`k_flkk_\_\Xmp
_Xe[f]XZ\ekiXc`q\[jkXk\c`d`kè^k_\ìXY`c`kpkffg\iXk\%N`k_è
k_\D`[[c\<Xjki\^`fe#k_\Le`k\[8iXY<dìXk\jgifm`[\jZc\Xi
\m`[\eZ\Xjkf_fnX[\Z\ekiXc`q\[gfc`k`ZXcjpjk\dZXe^`m\
`dd\ej\\Zfefd`ZY\e\ÔkjXe[`dgifm\fm\iXccc`mè^jkXe[Xi[j%
@egXik`ZlcXi#;lYX`kiXej]fid\[`kj\c]]ifdXYXZbnXk\i]XZè^k_\
>lc]èkfXî\XkZ`kpk_Xk#g\i_Xgj#jkXe[jXcfe\èk_\Yi\Xk_kXbè^
c\m\cjf][\m\cfgd\ekk_Xk_Xm\fZZlii\[èi\Z\ekp\Xij%
K_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe_XjY\\ehl`Zbkfc\Xiek_\c\jjfej
gifm`[\[Ypk_\j\\Xic`\ijlZZ\jjjkfi`\j%=ifd[`]ÔZlck
Y\^èeè^jè(00(#k_\Bli[`j_c\X[\ij_`gj\`q\[lgfe
fggfikle`k`\jkf[\m\cfgk_\ì_Xi[$nfeXlkfefdflji\^`fe%
E8KLI8CI<JFLI:<J
8kÔijk#k_`j[\m\cfgd\eknXjc`kkc\dfi\k_Xejlim`mXc#Xjk_\
Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe_X[kfZfek\e[n`k_k_\èm`[`flj\]]\Zkjf]
jXeZk`fej`dgfj\[Ypk_\LEX^Xèjk@iXh#Xjn\ccXjk_\XZk`fej
X^XèjkBli[`jkXeYpJX[[XdËj^fm\ied\ek%
<Zfefd`Z[\m\cfgd\ek[`[kXb\gcXZ\#dfjkefkXYcple[\i
k_\LEËjf`c$]fi$]ff[gifîXdd\%?fn\m\i#j`ê`ÔZXekX[mXeZ\j
Zflc[fecpY\^è]ifd)''*#Xj@iXhXe[Bli[`jkXe\d\i^\[]ifd
j_X[fnj`dgfj\[Ypp\Xijf]jXeZk`fejXe[Y\^Xekf\ogcf`k]lccp
k_\i\jfliZ\jk_Xkk_\[\gfj\[9XËXk_`jkjkXk\_X[jfk`^_kcp
Zfekifcc\[%Bli[`jkXeËj[\m\cfgd\ekjèZ\k_\e_XjY\\eZc\Xicp
k`\[kfk_\\ogcf`kXk`fef]_p[ifZXiYfej#Ylkk_`j\ogcf`kXk`fe
e\\[\[Xe\nXggifXZ_kfdXeX^è^XeXjZ\ekè[ljkip%
<==<:K@M<JKI8K<>PLe[\igèeè^k_\[\m\cfgd\ekf]k_\
Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXi\jfle[\Zfefd`Z#èm\jkd\ekXe[
[\m\cfgd\ekgfc`Z`\jk_Xk\ejli\k_\jljkXèXY`c`kpf]\Zfefd`Z
gifî\jj#^lXiXek\\k_\i`^_kjf]ZfekiXZkè^gXik`\j#Xe[
[\Zi\Xj\Yli\XlZiXZpXe[Zfiilgk`fe%K_\j\gfc`Z`\j_Xm\kXb\e
k`d\kfglkèkfgcXZ\Xe[#n_`c\jk`ccefkg\i]\ZkÇjfd\k_è^n_`Z_
Bli[`j_c\X[\iji\X[`cpX[d`kÇk_\p_Xm\Xjj`jk\[k_\I\^`feè
XkkXèè^\]ÔZ`\eZ`\jk_Xkk_\i\jkf]@iXh_Xjp\kkfn`ke\jj%
K_`ji\cXk`m\jlZZ\jj#ZfdgXi\[efkfecpkf@iXhYlkXcjfkf
Bli[`jkXeËjZcfj\e\`^_Yflij#_XjXcjfklie\[k_\I\^`feèkfXe
èm\jkd\ekdXê\k]fik_fj\èm\jkfijb\\ekfnfibèBli[`jkXe
`kj\c]#Xjn\ccXjk_fj\n_fm`\nk_\I\^`feXjX^Xk\nXpkfk_\
i\jkf]@iXh%8jfk_\iXik`Zc\jèk_`jglYc`ZXk`feXkk\jk#k_\]XZk
k_XkBli[`jkXe_XjXkkiXZk\[èm\jkd\ek]ifdXZifjjk_\D`[[c\
<Xjk`ccljkiXk\jdfi\Zc\Xicp#g\i_Xgj#k_XeXepfk_\i[\m\cfgd\ek
k_\Z_Xe^\k_Xk_XjfZZlii\[èn_XknXjfeZ\XdXi^èXc`q\[Xe[
]fi^fkk\egXikf]@iXh%
<OG8E;@E>@E;LJKIP;\m\cfgd\ek_XjY\\egXik`ZlcXicp
efkXYc\èk_\_p[ifZXiYfejj\Zkfi%JèZ\=\YilXip)'((#Bli[`jkXe
_XjY\\e\ogfikè^(''#'''YXii\cjg\i[XpXe[#n`k_\`^_k
j`ê`ÔZXek[`jZfm\i`\jkf[\m\cfgXe[n`k_gfk\ek`Xci\j\im\j
\jk`dXk\[Xk+,Y`cc`feYXii\cj#k_\gfk\ek`Xckf\ogfikdfi\è
]lkli\p\Xij`jXci\X[pXggXi\ek%
@]n\Zfej`[\ik_\gifjg\Zkj]fik_\[\m\cfgd\ekf]k_\
^Xjj\Zkfi#k_\gfjj`Y`c`k`\jXi\g\i_Xgj\m\edfi\\oZ`kè^%@e
Xi\Z\ekXik`Zc\#Dè`jk\if]EXkliXcI\jfliZ\j;i8j_k`?XniXd`
efk\[k_Xk\jk`dXk\jf]Bli[`jkXeËj^Xji\j\im\jiXe^\Y\kn\\e
k_i\\Xe[jòki`cc`feZlY`Zd\k\ij%Efkè^k_\`dgfikXeZ\f]^Xj#
efkfecp]fi[fd\jk`Zgfn\i^\e\iXk`feXe[ljX^\#YlkXcjf]fi
i\^`feXcKlib`j_ Xe[èk\ieXk`feXc<lifg\Xe ljX^\#Bli[`jkXe
dljkjli\cp_Xm\Xgifdè\ekifc\kfgcXpXjX^Xjjlggc`\ifm\i
k_\Zfdè^p\Xij%K_`jgfk\ek`Xc_XjY\\ej\`q\[lgfeYp
èk\ieXk`feXcèm\jkfijXci\X[p1k_\i\Xi\efnfm\i+']fi\`ê
Former KRG Prime Minister Nechirvan Barzani (left)
with KRG Minister of Natural Resources Ashti Hawrami
at the opening ceremony of the Khurmala oil field
ZfdgXe`\j]ifd(.Zfleki`\jèm\jkè^jfd\('Y`cc`feèk_\
\e\i^pj\Zkfif]k_\I\^`fe%
;@==<I<EK8GGIF8:?K_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe_XjYifb\en`k_
k_\gXkk\iejf]@iXhËjgXjkYpj\\bè^kfc`d`kk_\glYc`Zj\ZkfiËj
èmfcm\d\ekXZifjjk_\YfXi[#Xe[Yp\dYiXZè^k_\gi`mXk\
j\Zkfi%K_`jYiXm\dfm\nXj]Xi$j`^_k\[Xe[_Xj_X[fYm`flj
Y\e\Ôkj#gXik`ZlcXicpè`dgifmè^c`mè^jkXe[Xi[j%K_\Bli[`jkXe
I\^`fenXj#]fi\oXdgc\#k_\ÔijkgXikf]@iXhkfgif[lZ\\c\Zki`Z`kp
^\e\iXk\[]ifdgcXekjYl`ckk_ifl^_gi`mXk\èm\jkd\ek#Xe[k_\
Yli^\feè^ZfejkilZk`fej\ZkfiXZifjjBli[`jkXeËjZ`k`\j_Xjc`kkc\#
`]Xepk_è^#kf[fn`k_k_\glYc`Zj\Zkfi%
N`k_i\^Xi[kfk_\]fid\i#k_\BI>ËjgcXekfYl`c[Xk_ì[
i\Ôe\ipkfj\im\knfe\ngfn\igcXekje\Xi<iY`cXe[JlcX`dXe`X
n`ccYiè^Zcfj\ik_\m\ipi\Xcgfjj`Y`c`kpf]Bli[`jkXe_Xmè^
ifle[$k_\$ZcfZbgfn\i#Xe[kfXcjfjlggc\d\ekk_\gfn\ijlggcp
kfk_fj\dXafiliYXeZ\ek\ijjflk_f]k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe%
=ifdXjkXe[è^jkXikè(00(#k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fej_flc[
efkfecpY\Zfej`[\i\[XjXjkfipf]i\cXk`m\jlZZ\jj%@k`j#hl`k\
j`dgcp#X^cfYXcjlZZ\jjjkfip%8jk_\I\^`fedfm\j]lik_\i
kfnXi[jefidXc`qè^`kji\cXk`fej_`gn`k_k_\@iXh`^fm\ied\ek
è)'((#gXik`ZlcXicpi\^Xi[è^_p[ifZXiYfejgfc`Zp#k_\]lkli\`j
cffbè^\m\eYi`^_k\i%■
/0
MOL Group is a leading international, integrated oil and gas company from
Hungary, the heart of Europe, with over 70 years’ experience and a proven track
record. In addition to the company’s strong refinery and commercial position in
Central, Eastern and Southern Europe, its upstream operations extend to the
Middle East, Africa, South Asia and the CIS countries. As an integral part of
its value chain, MOL Group delivers integrated support
through its drilling and well service companies. Its
stakeholders, and the international business community
in general, regard the company as a reliable international
project partner that highly respects diversity of cultures.
GFN<I#KI8EJGFIK8E;:FDDLE@:8K@FEJ
Gfn\iè^k_\
Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe
PXjè?XnXk`#BI>Dè`jk\i]fi<c\Zki`Z`kp#_`^_c`^_kj
k_\Y\e\Ôkjk_XkXj`ê`ÔZXekcp`dgifm\[gifm`j`fef]
gfn\i_XjYifl^_kkfk_\I\^`fe
N_\eZfej`[\iè^k_\[\m\cfgd\ekXe[i\ZfejkilZk`fef]k_\
Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXe[Xccf]@iXh#]\n`jjl\jdXkk\idfi\kfZ`k`q\ej
k_Xek_\[\c`m\ipf]YXj`Zj\im`Z\j%:_`\]Xdfe^k_\j\ZfeZ\iej`j
The hydroelectric power station
at the Dukan dam, which has
been supplying electricity to the
Region since the late 1970s
k_\gifm`j`fef]\c\Zki`Z`kp#n`k_flkn_`Z_[X`cpc`]\`j\ogfe\ek`Xccp
dfi\[`]ÔZlckXe[\Zfefd`ZXZ_`\m\d\ekXki\d\e[fljZ_Xcc\e^\%
@efk_\igXikjf]@iXh#j\Zli`kp_li[c\jXe[c\jjgifXZk`m\
gfc`Z`\j_Xm\c\]kZ`k`\jXe[kfnejn`k_fecpX]\n_flijf]\c\Zki`Z`kp
\XZ_[Xp%J\m\iXcp\XijX^f#k_\BI>\dYXib\[lgfeX[peXd`Z
gfc`Zpkf\ejli\k_Xkflii\jfliZ\jnflc[Y\lj\[kfY\e\Ôkk_\
c`m\jf]fliZ`k`q\ej%IXk_\ik_Xe[\g\e[è^fek_\^fm\ied\ekkf
j_flc[\ik_\\ekì\i\jgfej`Y`c`kp#k_\BI>fg\e\[k_\Y`[[è^kf
hlXc`Ô\[gi`mXk\Ôidj%FlieXkliXci\jfliZ\jXi\efnkiXej]fid\[
èkf\c\Zki`Z`kpk_ifl^_jkXk\$f]$k_\$Xiki\Ôe\i`\jXe[gfn\igcXekj#
Xe[fliI\^`feZlii\ekcp\eafpjlgkf)'_flijf]\c\Zki`Z`kp\XZ_
[Xp#Xe[n\Xi\nfibè^kfdXb\k_Xk)+
>8@E@E>=IFD<OG<I@<E:<K_\i\Xi\knfc\jjfejkfY\
c\Xie\[]ifdk_`j%=ìjkcp#n\_Xm\`ccljkiXk\[_fnX]finXi[$cffbè^
^fm\ied\ekZXej\kk_\i`^_kZfe[`k`fej]figi`mXk\$j\Zkfi
jlZZ\jj#n_`Z_efkfecpY\e\ÔkjZfdgXe`\j#YlkXcjfgifm`[\j
èmXclXYc\j\im`Z\jkfk_\g\fgc\f]k_\I\^`fe%K_`jjgì`kf]
0*
0+
gXike\ij_`g_Xj[i`m\edlZ_f]BI>\Zfefd`Zgfc`ZpXe[_Xj
\oZ\\[\[Xcc\og\ZkXk`fejèk\idjf]\c\Zki`Z`kp^\e\iXk`feXe[
[`jki`Ylk`feèfliI\^`fe%C`b\dfjkfk_\i\Zfefd`\jXifle[k_\
nfic[#k_\BI>XZbefnc\[^\jk_Xkk_\]i\\dXib\kn`ccXccfnk_\
Y\jkÔidjkfi\XZ_e\nXe[\]ÔZ`\ekjfclk`fej#jfcfe^Xjk_\
^fm\ied\ekZi\Xk\jXe[\e]fiZ\jn`j\gfc`Z`\j%
K_\j\Zfe[c\jjfe`jk_XkjlZ_glYc`Z$gi`mXk\gXike\ij_`gj
ZXek_\eZXkXcpq\[\m\cfgd\ekèfk_\iÔ\c[j#Zi\Xkè^X
dlck`gcpè^\]]\Zk%K_\jlggcpf]\c\Zki`Z`kp`jXg\i]\Zk\oXdgc\f]
k_`j%K_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feefn_XjXeldY\if]df[\ied\[`ZXc
Z\ek\ij#]XZkfi`\j#j_fggè^]XZ`c`k`\j#_fk\cj#Xe[fk_\igifa\Zkj
j\kkfZfd\fecè\èk_\e\ok]\np\Xij%:fddfeZfeZ\iej]fi
èk\ieXk`feXcXe[cfZXcèm\jkfijèZcl[\k_\XjjliXeZ\f]i\^lcXi
j\im`Z\j^lXiXek\\[èX[mXeZ\[\Zfefd`\j1ifX[j#nXk\ijlggcp#
Xe[\c\Zki`Z`kp%8jn\Xi\efnXYc\kfgfn\i]XZkfi`\j#Zcè`Zj#
le`m\ij`k`\j#Xe[fk_\i]XZ`c`k`\jk_Xki\hlì\ZfejkXek\c\Zki`Z`kp
ÇXcY\`kn`k_k_\Xjj`jkXeZ\f]YXZb$lg^\e\iXkfijÇj\Zkfijf]
\Zfefd`ZXZk`m`kpk_Xkn\i\gi\m`fljcpXî\XkZ_Xcc\e^\Xi\efn
n\ccn`k_èk_\iXe^\f]fliZXgXY`c`kp%N\Y\c`\m\k_Xk#èX]\n
p\Xij#k_\I\^`fen`ccgif[lZ\\efl^_\c\Zki`Z`kpkfd\\kXccf]fli
gfn\ie\\[jXe[#gfk\ek`Xccp#Y\Zfd\Xe\k\ogfik\i%
J?8I@E>K?<9<E<=@KJK_\jfZ`Xc`dgXZkf]\c\Zki`Z`kp`j
jlYjkXek`XcXjn\cc%Gi`mXk\^\e\iXkfijXi\\og\ej`m\#Xe[dXepf]
fliZ`k`q\ejZXeefkX]]fi[jlZ_gi`mXk\cpgifm`[\[\c\Zki`Z`kp%8j
k_\BI>gifî\jj\j#`k`j\jj\ek`Xck_XkXccf]fliZ`k`q\ej\eafpk_\
Y\e\Ôkj#Xe[k_`j`jXdfe^k_\dfjkkXe^`Yc\nXpjkf\ejli\k_Xk
K_\[\c`m\ipf]
\c\Zki`Z`kp`jX
jlZZ\jj#iXk_\i
k_XeXgifYc\d
\m\ipfe\j_Xi\jèfligifî\jj%G\i_Xgjdfi\k_XeXepfk_\i
[\c`m\ipf]j\im`Z\j#k_\gifm`j`fef]_\XkXe[c`^_k`dgifm\jk_\
jkXe[Xi[f]c`mè^f]fliZ`k`q\ejèkfnejXe[Z`k`\jk_ifl^_flkk_\
Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe%8e[#XjXj\Zfe[XipY\e\Ôk#k_\gifm`j`fef]
\c\Zki`Z`kpXcjffg\ejk_\[ffikfî\Xk\ifggfikle`k`\j]fi
\dgcfpd\ekXe[Y\kk\i^ff[jXe[j\im`Z\j%
@]pflXjbg\fgc\k_ifl^_flk@iXhkfeXd\k_\ìknffik_i\\
]fi\dfjkZfeZ\iej#Xj`[\]ifdj\Zli`kp#e\Xicp\m\ipfe\n`cc
d\ek`fe\c\Zki`Z`kp%K_ifl^_Xî\Xk[\Xcf]_Xi[nfibXe[m`j`fe#
k_\BI>#èXjjfZ`Xk`fen`k_k_\gi`mXk\j\Zkfi#_Xj\ejli\[k_Xkk_\
[\c`m\ipf]\c\Zki`Z`kp`jXjlZZ\jjjkfipiXk_\ik_XeXgifYc\d%
Kfèm\jkfijXe[k_fj\n_fXi\èk\i\jk\[è\jkXYc`j_è^
e\nZfdgXe`\jfiYiXeZ_\jf]dlckèXk`feXcZfdgXe`\jèk_\
I\^`fe#n\cZfd\%K_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe`jfg\e]fiYljè\jj#Xe[
k_\c`^_kjn`ccY\fe%■
Residents of cities such as Erbil reap the economic
and social benefits of improved power provision
Powering
the Future...
www.pbworld.com
Parsons Brinckerhoff (PB) is a leader in the development and
operation of infrastructure to meet the needs of communities around
the world. The firm provides strategic consulting, planning,
engineering, and program and construction management services
across a full range of market sectors—power and water,
transportation, buildings and the environment.
PB has 14,000 people in 150 offices around the world. We have been
working in Iraq for more than 30 years. In 2004 PB re-established
itself in-country to contribute to the re-development of the
nation—from electricity networks in Kurdistan to transportation
planning in Baghdad.
PB has offices in Erbil and Baghdad to ensure our clients of our
commitment to the long-term future of Iraq.
For more information contact memarketing@pbworld.com or phone
+971 4 449 7222.
Buildings and Infrastructure
Environment
Power and Water
Transportation
MASS GLOBAL INVESTMENT CO.
We Do the Change
Improving the infrastructure contributes to economic prosperity and society welfare
MASS Global Investment Co. is concentrating its activities in the field of
generating electricity on a “Build-Own-Operate” (B.O.O.) basis its production
capacity is currently around 2,125 Megawatts (MW), and is expected to
reach more than 3,200 MW during the forthcoming two years.
MASS is also operating in the cement industry, with a production capacity of
nearly 5.5 million tons currently and is expected to reach 8 million tons in the
forthcoming two years. Regarding the field of iron and steel production,
capacity is 1 million tons annually and is likely to increase.
Thus, MASS provides the community with essential services, such as
electricity, products essential for their construction projects, such as cement
and steel, and other industrial and service projects.
The projects of MASS are not limited to Iraq, in the sense that the
company owns vital projects in Iraq, Jordan, and Sudan and is prepared
to operate and invest in any other country in need of services or products
of use to its citizens.
MASS Projects
• Arbil Gas Power Station (AGPS), with a capacity of (875) MW
• Suleimaniah Gas Power Station (SGPS), with a capacity of
(750) MW
• Dohuk Gas Power Station (DGPS), with a capacity of (500)
• Bazian Cement Factory, with a capacity of (4) million tons
per year
• Al-Shamal Cement Factory in Atbara - Sudan, with a capacity
of (1.5) million tons per year
• MASS for Iron & Steel Factory, with a capacity of one million
tons of reinforced bars annually
www.mass-global.com
<iY`ckXb\jÕ`^_k
Inside the state-of-the-art terminal
building at Erbil International Airport
8eèk\im`\nn`k_KXcXi=X`hJXc`_#8ìgfik;ì\ZkfiXk
<iY`c@ek\ieXk`feXc8ìgfik
kXo$]i\\qfe\j#j\im`Zè^k_\<iY`c@e[ljki`XcQfe\#Xe[gifdfkè^
kfli`jd]ifd<lifg\Xe[k_\>lc]%
<iY`c@ek\ieXk`feXc8ìgfik<@8 cffbjc`b\X]XekXjk`Z]XZ`c`kp%
?fn[`[`k_Xgg\ek_Xk<iY`c_Xjn_Xk`j#YpXepjkXe[Xi[j#Xe
Xìgfikf]èk\ieXk`feXcjkXe[è^6
@dgi\jj`m\#Ylkaljk_fnY`^`j<@86
K_\ZfejkilZk`feXe[\hl`ggè^f]k_\e\ndXèXìgfikk\idèXc#
ilenXp#kXo`nXpj#Xe[X]Ôc`Xk\[]XZ`c`k`\jnXj]le[\[Ypk_\BI>Xk
XZfjkf]XYflk+''d`cc`fe%K_\gifa\ZkY\^Xeè)''+#Yl`c[è^
lgfek_\gi\m`fljc`d`k\[]XZ`c`k`\jXe[ZfejkilZkè^Xî\Xkcp
\ogXe[\[#jkXk\$f]$k_\$XikXìgfik#]lkli\$giff]\[]fij\m\iXc
[\ZX[\j%<iY`c@ek\ieXk`feXc8ìgfikZXeefnXZZfddf[Xk\k_i\\
d`cc`fegXjj\e^\ijXp\XiXe[_Xe[c\k_\cXk\jkXìZiX]k#èZcl[è^
k_\8ìYlj8*/'%:Xi^fkiX]ÔZ`j_Xe[c\[èX[\[`ZXk\[]XZ`c`kpk_Xk
_Xjî\Xkcp`dgifm\[flifm\iXccnXi\_fljè^ZXgXZ`kp%
Fli]XZ`c`k`\j_Xm\`dgifm\[gifZ\jj\j]figXjj\e^\ij#
i\XZ_è^Xc\m\cf]hlXc`kpXe[Zljkfd\ijXk`j]XZk`fek_Xk
i\gi\j\ekjk_\b\pkfjlZZ\jjèkf[XpËjnfic[%<@8Xjgì\jkfY\Xe
`dgfikXekgfikf]\ekipefkfecp]fiBli[`jkXe#YlkXcjf]fi@iXh%
8j`[\]ifdkpg`ZXcXm`Xk`feXZk`m`k`\j#<@8n`cc[\m\cfgXeXìgfik
Z`kp#Yffjkè^k_\i\^`feËj\ZfefdpYpgifdfkè^cf^`jk`ZZ\ek\ij#
9Xj\[fe)''0jkXk`jk`Zj#n\_Xm\-#,+*XìZiX]kdfm\d\ekjn`k_
XeèZi\Xj\f]**g\iZ\ekfe)''/kiX]ÔZ%Ki\e[gifa\Zk`fe]fi
)'('`jX]lik_\ièZi\Xj\f](+g\iZ\ekJ\gk)''0$J\gk)'(' %
<@8Ëjîfnk_\oZ\\[\[k_\è[ljkipki\e[èk_\D`[[c\<Xjk#Y\è^
k_\fecpXìgfiknfic[n`[\kf_Xm\[flYc\$[`^`kîfnk_#XZZfi[è^
kf@8K8R@ek\ieXk`feXc8ìKiXejgfik8jjfZ`Xk`feT[XkX%K_`j
jg\ZkXZlcXii\jlck_XjkfY\glkèk_\Zfek\okf]k_\\Zfefd`Z
Zi`j`j#n_`Z_X]]\Zk\[kiXm\cnfic[n`[\%
K_\j\kiX]ÔZi\jlckjgif[lZ\[X(,g\iZ\ekgXjj\e^\i
èZi\Xj\è)''0#]fccfn\[YpX)'('ki\e[J\gk)''0$J\gk)'(' f](/g\iZ\ekgXjj\e^\iîfnk_%FeZ\X^Xè#îfnk_`j_`^_\ik_Xe
@8K8D`[[c\<Xjk]fi\ZXjkjXe[k_\<@8DXjk\iGcXe]fi\ZXjkè`kj
_`^_$ZXj\jZ\eXi`ff]îfnk_%:feZ\ieè^k_\ZXi^fj\Zkfi#dfi\
k_Xe(''#'''kfee\jn\i\_Xe[c\[è)''0%8jc`^_k#Ylkjk\X[p#
îfnk_`j]fi\ZXjk]fi)'('#Zfej`[\iè^_`^_\i$ZXgXZ`kpZXi^f
]i\`^_k\ijXi\fg\iXkè^[X`cpèkf<iY`cXe[k_XkXm\iX^\mfcld\
g\idfm\d\ek_XjèZi\Xj\[Ypdfi\k_Xe.'g\iZ\ek%
0.
0/
<iY`c@ek\ieXk`feXc8ìgfikZXeefn
XZZfddf[Xk\k_i\\d`cc`fegXjj\e^\ij
Xp\XiXe[_Xe[c\k_\cXk\jkXìZiX]k
Erbil’s new International Airport
opened in September 2010
EIA can cope with passenger aircraft of all sizes
?fnn\ccgcXZ\[`j<@8kfZfg\n`k_]lkli\[\dXe[j6
<@8_Xjk_\cfe^\jkilenXpèk_\D`[[c\<XjkXe[k_\Ô]k_
cfe^\jkèk_\nfic[1`k`j+#/''d\k\ijcfe^Yp0'd\k\ijn`[\%
K_\ilenXp`j[\j`ê\[kf_Xe[c\k_\cXi^\jkXe[_\Xm`\jk
XìZiX]kfek_\_fkk\jk[Xpjf]k_\p\Xi#n_\eîfle[k\dg\iXkli\j
\oZ\\[,'ñ:%
K_\e\nXìgfikè]iXjkilZkli\X[fgkjk_\cXk\jkXmX`cXYc\
k\Z_efcf^`\j]fiXìkiX]ÔZZfekifcXe[j\Zli`kp%<@8glijl\j
\oZ\cc\eZ\èjX]\kpXe[\d\i^\eZpi\jgfej\#_Xmè^jkl[`\[Xe[
`dgc\d\ek\[gifZ\[li\jYXj\[feY\jkXìgfikgiXZk`Z\j%
?fndXepXìcè\jXe[[\jkèXk`fejXi\XmX`cXYc\]ifd<iY`c6
<@8_Xj(*XìZiX]kfg\iXkfijÕpè^kf)+[\jkèXk`fej18ì9\icè#8ì
Jn\[\e#8kcXjA\k#8ljki`Xe8ìcè\j#<k`_X[8ìnXpj#=cp;lYX`#>lc]
8ì#@iXe8ì#@iXh`8ìnXpj#Cl]k_XejX#D`[[c\<Xjk8ìcè\jD<8 #
IfpXcAfi[Xe`Xe8ìcè\j#Xe[M`bè^8ìcè\j%8djk\i[XdXe[Klib`j_
8ìcè\jXi\Xek`Z`gXk\[kfY\^ègXjj\e^\ij\im`Z\jkf<@8jffe%8ì
8iXY`X#FdXe8ì#Xe[HXkXi8ì_Xm\Xcjfè[`ZXk\[èk\i\jk%
<iY`c`jZfee\Zk\[nfic[n`[\k_ifl^_k_\_lYXìgfikjf]8Yl
;_XY`#8ddXe#9X_iXè#9\ìlk#;lYX`#=iXeb]lik#@jkXeYlc#Xe[M`\eeX
n`k_[ì\Zk[X`cpÕ`^_kj%E\niflk\jXe[X[[`k`feXc]i\hl\eZ`\jn`cc
`dgifm\<@8ËjZfee\Zk`m`kpkfk_\nfic[Xe[kf<lifg\%
<@8`jèBli[`jkXe#YlkdXepm`j`kfijn`cccffbXkk_\dXgXe[j\\
`km\ipdlZ_XjY\è^è@iXh#Xe[n`ccY\ZfeZ\ie\[XYflkk_\ì
jX]\kp%?fnj\Zli\`j<@86
<@8_XjXe\oZ\gk`feXccp_`^_c\m\cf]j\Zli`kp#n`k_X[[`k`feXc
j\Zli`kpd\Xjli\j]fle[Xk]\n#`]Xep#Xìgfikjèk_\nfic[%<@8`j
]fZljè^fefYkXèè^`kj8\if[ifd\:\ik`ÔZXk`feXjg\i@:8F
R@ek\ieXk`feXc:`m`c8m`Xk`feFi^Xe`qXk`feTi\Zfdd\e[Xk`fej%
Kf[fjf#î\Xk\]]fikj_Xm\Y\\eglkèkf^lXiXek\\èêfkaljk
èk\ieXk`feXcjkXe[Xi[jf]j\Zli`kp#YlkXcjfn`[\ijX]\kp#Xìgfik
fg\iXk`fej#kiXèè^\kZ%@em\jkd\ekjèè]iXjkilZkli\Xe[
\hl`gd\ek_Xm\kfY\jlggfik\[Ypgifg\ig\ijfee\ckiXèè^#
jfXjkfd\\k#Xe[\oZ\\[#èk\ieXk`feXcjkXe[Xi[jèXccXjg\Zkj
f]Xìgfikfg\iXk`fej%
N_XkXi\k_\Z_Xcc\e^\jf]ileeè^XeXìgfikè@iXh&Bli[`jkXe6
JèZ\[Xpfe\#@nXj\e\i^`q\[Yp_Xmè^k_\fggfikle`kpkf
dXeX^\XeXìgfikXe[#\m\edfi\jf#kffg\eXe\nfe\%Jg\Z`Xc
Xkk\ek`fenXj^`m\ekfk_\fg\iXk`feXci\X[è\jj#kiXej]\iXe[jkXik
f]fg\iXk`fejf]k_\e\nXìgfik#n_`Z_fg\e\[èJ\gk\dY\i)'('%
Efn@Xd]fZljè^dp\e\i^`\jfe[\m\cfgè^XYljè\jjXe[
jkiXk\^pgcXe]fiXZhl`j`k`fef]e\nZfdd\iZ`XcZXii`\ijXe[ZXi^f
Xe[cf^`jk`Zjfg\iXkfij%K_\jkfipf]<@8`jfecpaljkY\^èeè^%■
(''
DXbè^Bli[`jkXe
Y\kk\iZfee\Zk\[
South Korea’s Ambassador to Iraq, Ha Tae-Yun, and then Kurdistan Prime Minister Nechirvan Barzani share
the honor of cutting the ribbon at the opening ceremony for the KRG’s IT Academy in Erbil, September 2009
9fkXeDFjdXe#?\X[f]k_\BI>Ëj;\gXikd\ekf]@K#
flkcè\jk_\^fm\ied\ekËjjkiXk\^p]fik_\[\m\cfgd\ek
f]è]fidXk`fek\Z_efcf^pXZifjjk_\I\^`fe
DXep^fm\ied\ekjnfic[n`[\_Xm\i\Xc`q\[k_\`dgXZkf]
è]fidXk`fek\Z_efcf^p@K Xe[k_\`dgfikXekifc\k_Xk`kgcXpjè
df[\ie`qè^^fm\ied\ekj#è\e_XeZè^^fm\ied\ekj\im`Z\jXe[#
jlYj\hl\ekcp#èZfeki`Ylkè^kf\Zfefd`Z[\m\cfgd\ek%
@ek_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe#k_\îfnèê\\[]fi@K
[\m\cfgd\eknXjj\\eXjXgi`fi`kpèk_\Ô]k_ZXYè\kf]k_\
Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXc>fm\ied\ek%Le[\ik_\Xljg`Z\jf]k_\Gi`d\
Dè`jk\i#k_\;\gXikd\ekf]@KnXj\jkXYc`j_\[è)''.%FlikXjb
nXjkfc\X[k_\[\m\cfgd\ekf]@KXe[kfdf[\ie`q\k_\BI>
k_ifl^_Xle`Ô\[@Kgfc`Zp%
N\Xi\c\X[è^k_\df[\ie`qXk`fef]k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe
k_ifl^_k_\Ôm\$p\XiBI>@KJkiXk\^p%Kfg\og\ikj]ifd
Gi`Z\nXk\i_flj\:ffg\ijè@e[`X#k_\D`[[c\<Xjk#<lifg\Xe[k_\
LBXi\[\[`ZXk\[kf\ejli\k_Xkk_\BI>^\kj`ki`^_k%
N\Y\c`\m\k_Xkk_\[\m\cfgd\ekf]k_\jkiXk\^p_XjY\\e
fe\f]k_\dfjkgXik`Z`gXkfipgifZ\jj\j\m\ile[\ikXb\eè@iXh%
Young people will benefit from improved IT services
Dfi\k_Xe.''XZk`m\gXik`Z`gXekj]ifdBI>èjk`klk`fej#E>Fj
Xe[k_\gi`mXk\j\Zkfi_Xm\Y\\eèmfcm\[èk_\[\m\cfgd\ekf]
k_\@KjkiXk\^p%
K_ifl^_flk)''0#k_\è`k`Xk`m\XeXcpq\[\m\ipèjk`klk`feè
k_\BI>#Zfdgi\_\ej`m\cple[\ijkXe[è^Xe[[fZld\ekè^k_\
nXpk_\^fm\ied\ek]leZk`fejXjXn_fc\%K_`jgXik`Z`gXk`fe#
le[\ijkXe[è^Xe[^cfYXc\og\ik`j\_Xji\jlck\[èXjkiXk\^pk_Xk
`jèefmXk`m\èeXkli\#cfZXcèZfek\okXe[^cfYXcè`kj\og\i`\eZ\%
K_\[iX]kBI>@Km`j`fe#d`jj`fe#Xe[fYa\Zk`m\j_Xm\Y\\e
[\m\cfg\[ljè^k_\Zfdgi\_\ej`m\è]fidXk`fe^Xk_\i\[Xe[
jkXb\_fc[\iXe[glYc`ZgXik`Z`gXk`fe%
K_\m`j`fen_`Z__XjY\\e[\m\cfg\[`j1ÈDf[\ie`jè^fli
^fm\ied\ekk_ifl^_k_\lj\f]k\Z_efcf^pkfY\kk\ij\im\fli
g\fgc\#\eXYc\^fm\ied\ekj\im`Z\j#Xe[dXb\`k\Xj`\ikfc`m\#jkXp
Xe[[fYljè\jjèfliI\^`fe%8kiXej]fidXk`feXZ_`\m\[k_ifl^_
k_\gXik`Z`gXk`fef]\m\ipè[`m`[lXcZ_Xcc\e^è^k_\dj\cm\jkf
dXb\X]]fi[XYc\\$>fm\ied\ek\hlXccpgfjj`Yc\]fiXcc%É
K_\BI>;\gXikd\ekf]@K`jkXjb\[n`k_XZ_`\mè^
Bli[`jkXeËjm`j`fek_ifl^_Xd`jj`fek_Xk]fZlj\jfe[i`mè^
k\Z_efcf^pè^fm\ied\ekkfYl`c[ZXgXZ`kpXe[df[\ie`q\glYc`Z
j\im`Z\j#n`k_X]fZljfej\m\e[fdXèj2@KZXgXZ`kp#è]iXjkilZkli\#
@K^fm\ieXeZ\#Xggc`ZXk`fejXe[\$j\im`Z\j#@Kgi`mXk\j\ZkfiXe[
@Kg\e\kiXk`fe#@K]le[è^Xe[jg\e[è^#Xe[cXnXe[i\^lcXk`fej%
K_\i\Xi\*/fYa\Zk`m\jXZifjjXcck_\j\m\e[fdXèj
[\jZi`Y\[2k_\j\Xi\Y\è^Zfem\ik\[kffm\i(#'''gX^\jf]
[\kX`c\[XiZ_`k\Zkli\j#gcXejXe[gifa\Zkj#n_`Z_n`ccgifm`[\XZc\Xi
Xe[[\kX`c\[ifX[dXg]fik_\]lkli\f]fli[\m\cfgd\ek%
K_\BI>@KJkiXk\^p_XjdXgg\[flkXZfdgi\_\ej`m\
[\m\cfgd\ekgcXefm\ik_\e\okÔm\p\Xijk_XkX`djkfèm\jk
dfi\k_Xe,''d`cc`feèk_\df[\ie`qXk`fef]k_\BI>Xe[k_\
[\m\cfgd\ekf]Bli[`jkXeËj@Kj\Zkfi%
K_\Yljè\jjfggfikle`k`\jXi\mXjk#Xe[n\Xi\nfibè^fe
Ôe[è^k_\Y\jkgi`mXk\$j\ZkfigXike\ijkf_\cgljXZ_`\m\fli
m`j`fe%N\_Xm\\jkXYc`j_\[Xm\e[fii\^`jkiXk`fe]fidXkfli
n\Yj`k\nnn%bi^`k%fi^ kf\eXYc\ZfdgXe`\jkfi\^`jk\in`k_lj%
FliX`d`jkf_Xm\X]Xì#Zfdg\k`k`m\#Xe[kiXejgXi\ek\emìfed\ek
]fiXcc@KZfdgXe`\jkfèefmXk\Xe[jlZZ\\[èk_\BI>%
@ecè\n`k_flikiXejgXi\ekXggifXZ_#n\n`cc_fjkXccfli
k\e[\ijfecè\#Xe[gifm`[\fliZ`k`q\ejn`k_]i\hl\eklg[Xk\jfe
gifa\Zkgifî\jj%N_\en\gXike\in`k_XÔidkf[\c`m\iXjfclk`fe#
k_\Z`k`q\e`jk_\lck`dXk\Zc`\ek2n\n`ccY\afèkcpXZZflekXYc\
]fik_\jlZZ\jj\jXe[]X`cli\jf]gifa\Zkj%K_`jZi\Xk\jXc\m\cf]
kiljkY\kn\\eXccgXik`\jk_Xkc\X[jkfk_\Y\jkgfjj`Yc\i\jlckj%
K_`j`jXle`hl\fggfikle`kpkfjkXikXcdfjk]ifdjZiXkZ_2k_\
gfk\ek`Xckf[fk_è^jn\ccXe[ècè\n`k_Y\jkgiXZk`Z\ji`^_k]ifd
k_\flkj\k`j\oZ`kè^%N\ZXeZi\Xk\jfd\k_è^kf^\k_\ik_Xk`j
]i\j_Xe[[f\jefki\hlì\ljkfnfiipXYflkc\^XZp%K_fj\
èmfcm\[èk_`jj\Zkfifm\ik_\e\okÔm\p\XijZXekilcpcXpZcX`d
kfY\è^gXikf]\jkXYc`j_è^Xdf[\c@K\emìfed\ekèk_\
Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe%
K_\[\m\cfgd\ekf]XBli[`jkXe@KGi`mXk\J\Zkfi`jXe
`dg\iXk`m\fYa\Zk`m\fm\ik_\e\okÔm\p\Xij%=XìXe[kiXejgXi\ek
Zfdg\k`k`fe#ZfdYè\[n`k_k_\]fjk\iè^f]èefmXk`fe#`jk_\b\p
kfk_\]fidlcXk_Xkn`cc_\cgljfe\[XpXZ_`\m\Bli[`jkXeËjm\ij`fe
f]J`c`ZfeMXcc\p%
N\Xi\j\kkè^lgjZ_\d\jkf\eZfliX^\Xe[Xjj`jk^cfYXc@K
ZfdgXe`\j\ek\ièkfk_\Bli[`jkXedXib\k%N\n`cc\e[\Xmfikf
gifm`[\^cfYXcÔidjn`k_k_\èj`^_ke\Z\jjXipkf_`kk_\îfle[
ileeè^%N\XjbXccdXafi@KZfdgXe`\jkfi\^`jk\in`k_ljXk
nnn%bi^`k%fi^Xe[gXike\iljèk_\[\m\cfgd\ekf]k_\@K_lYf]
k_\]lkli\%K_\@iXh`dXib\k`jn`[\Xe[[\\g#k_\fggfikle`k`\jXi\
mXjk%C\kËjdXb\Bli[`jkXek_\]lkli\gcXk]fid]fi@K[\m\cfgd\ek
è@iXh#Xjn\ccXjk_\n`[\iD`[[c\<Xjk%
DXbè^`k\Xj`\ikf[fYljè\jjèfliI\^`fe`jXb\p\c\d\ek
f]fliBI>@Km`j`fe%Fm\ik_\e\okÔm\p\Xijn\nXekkfZfekèlXccp
`dgifm\k_\nXpZfdgXe`\jèk\iXZkn`k_k_\^fm\ied\ek%JkXikè^
]ifdXZZ\jjkfè]fidXk`feXYflkmXi`fljè[ljki`\j#kfXggcpè^]fi
m`jXjXe[i\j`[\eZpfecè\#kfi\^`jk\iè^ZfdgXe`\j#Xggcpè^]fi
^fm\ied\ekk\e[\ij#Xe[dlZ_dfi\%K_\\Xj\f][fè^Yljè\jj
èBli[`jkXen`ccY\d\Xjli\[Xe[`dgifm\[p\Xifep\Xi%■
('(
SPONSORED FEATURE
Christian Boczek,
country director,
Nokia Siemens Networks Iraq
How long has Nokia Siemens Networks been
present in Iraq?
Nokia Siemens Networks (NSN) has been present in Iraq since
2004 and continues to work with operators in Iraq including
Asiacell, Korek and Zain. We have three main office locations
in Baghdad, Erbil and Sulaimanyah with a fourth office planned
in Basra soon. As of June 2011, we have more than 200
employees dedicated to our Iraq operations, either locally
employed or supporting Nokia Siemens Networks customers in
Iraq out of other countries in the Middle East, Africa and Europe.
These employees are working across various functions such
as services, sales, finance and managed services. We tap into
our global experience, research capabilities and technology
and solutions expertise to better serve our customers in Iraq.
Managed services is a core strength of ours and we strongly
support operators in this area.
Green energy and energy-saving solutions are also strengths
of Nokia Siemens Networks. We offer Iraqi operators solutions
that are energy-efficient, environmentally sensitive and use
recyclable components wherever possible.
Elaborate on an example of your
efforts in Iraq
One of our customers needed to grow its network capacity
and service capability to deliver a profitable and highquality customer experience nationally. Having acquired a
competitor’s assets and subscribers, that customer challenged
us not only to lead the integration and modernization of the
two infrastructures (one based on one of our competitor’s
equipment, the other on one of our parent company), but also
to increase their combined capacity by 50 per cent.
Throughout the network integration process, Nokia Siemens
Networks engineers took every opportunity to measure the
impact of the technical changes on the quality of the
end-customer experience.
Our experts also helped two of our customers in Iraq
to identify general weaknesses in their networks (radio,
transmission, international gateway, route optimization), to
improve customer satisfaction and generate new revenues.
As a result, both customers now enjoy a seamless national
service with improved key performance indicators in all areas.
The networks quality improvements enjoyed by these
two customers will no doubt help in boosting their
companies’ top lines.
Hiring local experts is an essential HR policy of Nokia
Siemens Networks. And we strongly believe in investing in
local talent in whatever country we operate in. Similarly, in Iraq
our endeavors are on similar lines.
What is the telecoms and internet situation in Iraq?
With three GSM operators operating in Iraq, there is
competition in this sector, which ultimately benefits the Iraqi
people. However, the mobile sector is almost exclusively
dependent on prepaid services. Hence, mobile average
revenue per user rates are consequently low (as of Q110,
blended country ARPU for Iraq was US$14, while the average
for the Middle East was US$22). Currently, all mobile operators
in Iraq operate only a 2G network. 3G licenses are expected
to be issued in 2011. A fourth mobile operator launch is also
expected in 2011. However, high security costs weigh in on
operators’ investments.
The Iraqi government is looking at deploying a new fiber
network across the country, because the original core fiber
backbone was heavily damaged during the war. Plans are
underway but no timeframe has been finalized. Internet services
were introduced to Iraq in 2002. Since the war, internet takeup has grown significantly because of increased availability of
broadband wireless access (BWA) services by WLL operators,
and also by the unregulated use of VSATs. There are an
estimated 500,000 internet users in Iraq at present, which is a
little less than two per cent of the country’s population, giving
plenty of room for internet growth in Iraq.
We have a deep understanding of telecom customers in Iraq
and the economic and business challenges faced by operators.
We bring technology and solutions, global knowledge and vast
experience that will benefit the telecom landscape in Iraq.
K_\gfn\if]è]fidXk`fe
Botan M Osman
<dYiXZè^k_\iXg`[X[mXeZ\d\ekjf]k_\\c\Zkife`Z
è]fidXk`feX^\`jm`kXc]fib\\gè^k_\I\^`feXe[`kj
g\fgc\èkflZ_n`k_Xe\nnfic[#jXpj9fkXeDFjdXe
K_\\e[f]k_\)'k_Z\eklipdXib\[Xg\i`f[f]gi\gXiXk`fe]fi
jfd\k_è^k_Xkefe\f]lj`dX^è\[%@knXjk_\]fle[Xk`fe]fiXe
è]fidXk`feXe[k\Z_efcf^`ZXc\ogcfj`fe]l\c\[Ypk_\X[m\ekf]
k_\èk\ie\kXe[X[mXeZ\d\ekjèZfdglkè^%
K_\iXg`[k\Z_efcf^`ZXcZ_Xe^\jk_XkkffbgcXZ\Xkk_\
jkXikf]k_\)(jkZ\eklip_Xm\Xck\i\[k_\nXpn\[f\m\ipk_è^%
>fm\ied\ekjXi\i\k_èbè^k_\ì^fm\ieXeZ\df[\cj2ZfdgXe`\j
Xi\i\j_Xgè^k_\ì^cfYXcgi\j\eZ\2Xe[kiX[`k`feXcd\[`X`jkipè^
kfZXkZ_lgn`k_Xeè]fidXk`feÕfn]l\c\[YpYcf^jXe[jfZ`Xc
e\knfibj%@eZi\Xjè^cp#k_\è[`m`[lXc`ji\Xc`qè^k_Xk#n`k_flkXe
fecè\]ffkgièk#pflii\c\mXeZ\kfk_`je\nnfic[`ji\[lZ\[%
K_`j\c\Zkife`Zè]fidXk`feX^\_XjZ_Xe^\[k_\jlim`mXc
kXZk`Zjf]k_\_ldXeiXZ\%@k`jefcfe^\im`XYc\kfdXb\j`ê`ÔZXek
gifî\jjèXepÔ\c[n`k_flkkilcp\dYiXZè^è]fidXk`feXe[
Zfddle`ZXk`fejk\Z_efcf^p@:K %<m\e[\dfZiXZp_Xjj\\eX
j`ê`ÔZXekZ_Xe^\èk_\nXpk_\glYc`ZgXik`Z`gXk\j%GlYc`Z
f]ÔZ`XcjXi\èZi\Xjè^cpj`êè^lgkfKn`kk\iXe[=XZ\Yffb#Xjk_\
glYc`Z[\dXe[jXcdfjk[X`cplg[Xk\jfe_fnk_\ìZfleki`\jXi\
Y\è^^fm\ie\[%>fm\ied\ekèjk`klk`fejXi\ZfejkXekcpk_èbè^
f]e\nnXpjkfd\\kk_\kiXejgXi\eZp[\dXe[jf]k_\ì
jkXb\_fc[\ij#n_`c\\Zfefd`\jXifle[k_\nfic[_Xm\i\Zfê`q\[
@:KXjXi\hlì\d\ek]fiîfnk_%K_\j`ê`ÔZXeZ\f]@:K`jef
cfe^\iXkfg`Z]fi[\YXk\%K_fj\n_f\dYiXZ\`kgifî\jj#n_`c\
k_fj\n_f[feËk^\kc\]kY\_è[%
8e\oXdgc\f]Y\è^c\]kY\_è[ZXeY\j\\eè@iXh%N\_Xm\
Y\\e`jfcXk\[]ifd^cfYXck\Z_efcf^`ZXc[\m\cfgd\ekjèZ\k_\
\Xicp(0/'j%FecpX]k\i)''*n\i\n\XYc\kfjkXikk_èbè^XYflk
_fnkfZXkZ_lg%K_\e\^Xk`m\\]]\Zkk_`j_Xj_X[fe@iXhZXeY\
j\\eèXccj\Zkfijf]k_\\ZfefdpXe[èXccgXikjf]jfZ`\kp%
K_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe_XjdX[\î\Xkjki`[\jè@:KjèZ\
)''*%K_\j\kkè^lgf]k_\BI>;\gXikd\ekf]@Kè)''.#kXjb\[
n`k_k_\\jkXYc`j_d\ekf]XeÊ\$BI>Ë#nXjXZc\Xij`êk_Xkn\Xi\
i\X[pkf\dYiXZ\k_\]lkli\%?fn\m\i#k_\i\`jdlZ_dfi\kf[f%
K_ifl^_k_\BI>@KJkiXk\^p#k_\e\okÔm\p\Xij_Xm\Y\\e
dXgg\[flk#n`k__le[i\[jf]gifa\ZkjXe[[\kX`c\[è`k`Xk`m\j#
Xe[XeXdY`k`fljjg\e[è^gcXek_Xk`jj\kkfXZ_`\m\dlZ_f]
n_Xkn\_Xm\Y\\e_fgè^]fi%
K_\i\Xi\jk`ccdXepg\fgc\n_f]\Xiè]fidXk`fe#Y\ZXlj\è
fli_`jkfip`k_XjY\\edfjkcplj\[X^Xèjkflig\fgc\%N_\i\
è]fidXk`fenXjfeZ\XjfliZ\f]Xlk_fi`kpXe[gfn\i]fi
jlggi\jjè^Xe[_Xidè^k_\g\fgc\f]Bli[`jkXe#kf[XpXe[èk_\
]lkli\`kn`ccY\lj\[]fik_\[\m\cfgd\ekf]fli^fm\ied\ek
èjk`klk`fejkf\ejli\k_\p[\c`m\iY\kk\ij\im`Z\jkffliZ`k`q\ej%
8]k\idXepp\Xijf]j\Zclj`fe#k_\Bli[`jkXeè]fidXk`fe
jfZ`\kp`jèk\i]XZè^n`k_k_\i\jkf]k_\nfic[%KiXejgXi\eZp#
è]fidXk`fej_Xiè^#Xe[Z`m`Z\e^X^\d\ekXi\Xkk_\]fi\]ifekè
k_\df[\ie`qXk`fef]fliI\^`fe%
@ek\ie\kg\e\kiXk`fe`jXefk_\i`dgfikXekXi\Xk_Xk`jè
e\\[f]j\i`flj`dgifm\d\ek#Xjn\i\Xc`q\k_Xk_Xmè^X
Zfee\Zk\[I\^`fe\eXYc\jljkfèZi\Xj\k_\gXZ\f]fli
[\m\cfgd\ek%K_\i\dljkY\èZi\Xj\[Zfdg\k`k`feèk_\èk\ie\k
Xe[YifX[YXe[j\Zkfijè@iXhèfi[\ikf[i`m\[fnegi`Z\j#Xe[n\
Y\c`\m\k_Xkk_`jZXeY\[fe\n`k_jdXiki\^lcXk`fejXe[
gi`mXk`qXk`fe%Kf\eXYc\k_\îfnk_f]èk\ie\kXZZ\jjfm\ik_\
Zfdè^p\Xij#n\dljkc\kk_\gi`mXk\j\ZkfiÕfli`j_#Xe[Xccfnk_\
^fm\ied\ekkfèk\im\e\fecpn_\ee\Z\jjXip%
:\ejfij_`gXe[dXèkXèè^Xefg\eèk\ie\kXi\fk_\i
`dgfikXekXi\Xjk_XkdljkY\XggifXZ_\[n`k_\oki\d\ZXlk`fe%
(',
('-
Social networks, such as Facebook, have
revolutionized the sharing of information
@k_XjY\\e[\dfejkiXk\[k_ifl^_dXep\oXdgc\jXifle[k_\nfic[
k_XkZ\ejfij_`gj`dgcp[f\jefknfibXe[_fc[jYXZbk_\gifjg\i`kp
f]jfZ`\k`\jXe[\Zfefd`\j%:\ejfij_`g^f\jX^Xèjkk_\\ekì\
gligfj\f]k_\èk\ie\k#`kjlec`d`k\[gfn\i#Xe[`kjgfk\ek`Xc%
K_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXc>fm\ied\ek`jX[XdXekk_Xkk_\
èk\ie\kèfliI\^`fedljki\dXè]i\\]ifdZ\ejfij_`g%8e
fg\eèk\ie\k`jk_\b\pkffli]lkli\%N\Xi\XnXi\k_XkZlckliXc
]XZkfijdXpd\Xek_XkZ\ikXèZfek\ek`jle[\jìXYc\2_fn\m\i#
n\dljkkXZbc\k_`jk_ifl^_èZi\Xj\[XnXi\e\jj]fiè[`m`[lXcj
Xe[]Xd`c`\j#c\Xmè^k_\Z_f`Z\[fnekfk_\d%
K_\]lkli\f]Bli[`jkXe`jefnèfli_Xe[j%K_\èk\ie\k
_XjY\Zfd\X]le[Xd\ekXcgXikf]gifî\jj%N\dljkefkXccfn
Xepk_è^kf[\epk_\g\fgc\f]Bli[`jkXeXefecè\gi\j\eZ\
nfik_pf]k_\ì[\jì\kfafèk_\^cfYXcè]fidXk`fejfZ`\kp%■
Scania is one of the world’s leading
manufacturers of trucks and buses for
heavy transport applications
Scania is represented by approximately 100 national distributors,
which organise sales and workshop services worldwide. More
than 1,500 service points offer quality support to customers.
In Iraq, Scania’s history dates back to the early sixties. For many
years, Iraq was one of the company’s most important markets
worldwide. At the peak in the early eighties, sales totalled
3,900 trucks in a single year. This gave Scania the opportunity
to develop products perfectly suited to Iraqi conditions, north
and south.
Scania has re-entered the Iraqi market with a clear goal of
regaining a strong position. The sales and service network is
currently expanding at a rapid pace, and the first Scania sales
and service centre in Kurdistan was inaugurated in Erbil
earlier this year. The long-term goal is to have a high-quality
sales and service network that provides the best operating
economy and boosts the productivity of all Scania customers
in Kurdistan and Iraq.
('/
8>I@:LCKLI<@EK?<=<IK@C<:I<J:<EK
=Xidè^]fik_\]lkli\
AXd`c?X`[\i#BI>Dè`jk\if]8î`Zlckli\Xe[NXk\i
I\jfliZ\j#[\jZi`Y\jk_\I\^`feËjÔm\$p\XijkiXk\^p
]fidf[\ie`qè^`kj]Xidè^j\Zkfi
Replacing old techniques and equipment
will raise the yield from Kurdistan’s farms
K_\BI>Dè`jkipf]8î`Zlckli\Xe[NXk\iI\jfliZ\j`j
`dgc\d\ekè^XjkiXk\^`ZXccpj`ê`ÔZXekgcXeègif[lZè^Xe[
gi\j\imè^k_\XiXYc\cXe[n`k_èk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe%K_\cXe[
`j`[\Xc]fik_\Xî`ZlckliXcj\ZkfiXe[`jZXgXYc\f]jlggfikè^
]ff[gif[lZk`fe]fik_\I\^`feËjgfglcXk`feXe[^\e\iXkè^
èZfd\]ifd\ogfik\[jXc\jkfk_\jliifle[è^Xi\X%K_\
Xî`ZlckliXcj\Zkfi`jk_\YXZbYfe\f]fli\ZfefdpXe[`jfe\
f]k_\dfjk`dgfikXek]XZkfijèk_\Zlii\ekjfZ`f$\Zfefd`Z
[\m\cfgd\ekf]k_\I\^`fe%
K_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe`ji\efne\[]fi`kjXiXYc\cXe[#]\ik`c\
jf`c#`[\XcZc`dXk\#Xe[XYle[XeZ\f]nXk\ii\jfliZ\j#Xccf]n_`Z_
Xi\g\i]\Zk]fik_\Xî`ZlckliXcj\Zkfi%@e)''0#XÔm\$p\Xi
jkiXk\^`ZgcXenXjè`k`Xk\[kfXZ_`\m\]ff[j\Zli`kpXe[
j\c]$jl]ÔZ`\eZp#n`k_k_\dXè]fZljY\è^k_\gi\gXiXk`feXe[
gif[lZk`fe#dXib\kè^Xe[[`jki`Ylk`fef]Xî`ZlckliXc^ff[j#Xe[
]fik_\BI>kfgifm`[\Xjj`jkXeZ\kfcfZXc]Xid\ijè^\kkè^k_\
^ff[jflkkfk_\dXib\k]fiZfejld\ij%
=ìjkcp#k_\X`df]k_\gcXe`jkfY\kk\igi\gXi\Xe\n
^\e\iXk`fef]]Xid\ijk_ifl^_i\klieè^k_\cXe[jkfk_\dXe[
Z_Xe^è^k_\ìkiX[`k`feXcifc\%K_\BI>Xjjli\j]Xid\ijf]
fne\ij_`gf]k_\ìcXe[Xe[gifm`[\jjlggfikèc\^XcgifZ\[li\j%
@kXcjfgifm`[\jkiXèè^Xe[^l`[XeZ\è`dgc\d\ekè^jkiXk\^`ZXccp
jl`kXYc\gcXej]fik_\ìcXe[#Xjn\ccXjgifdfkè^d\k_f[jf]
]Xidè^ljè^df[\iek\Z_efcf^p%
J\Zfe[cp#n\n`j_kfXkkiXZk]fi\`êèm\jkfijkfnXi[k_\
Xî`ZlckliXcj\ZkfiXe[nXk\in\Xck_èk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe
k_ifl^_@em\jkd\ekCXnEf+f])''-#n_`Z_îXekj]fi\`ê
èm\jkfijî\Xkgi`m`c\^\j#jlZ_Xjgifm`[è^cXe[]fiXî`ZlckliXc
ljX^\%N`k_k_`jè`k`Xk`m\#n\nXekkf`dgifm\k_\ZXgXZ`kpf]
Xî`ZlckliXcgifa\ZkjXe[èZi\Xj\k_\eldY\if]i\j\XiZ_Z\ek\ij#
èk\idjf]\og\i`d\ekXccXYfiXkfi`\jXe[èjk`klk`fej#]fiYfk_
fi^Xe`ZXe[Z_\d`ZXccp\e_XeZ\[gif[lZkj%
K_\g\fgc\f]k_`jcXe[Xi\Zfee\Zk\[Ypk_\ìXdY`k`fekf
gifm`[\Xe[j\Zli\]ff[i\hlì\d\ekj]fik_\I\^`fe%N`k_gifg\i
gcXeeè^#k_\èk\im\ek`fef]\og\ikj#Xe[k_\èZfigfiXk`fef]
df[\iek\Z_efcf^p#jlZ_^fXcjXi\n`k_èk_\BI>Ëji\XZ_%
K_\BI>jlggfikjXe[n\cZfd\j\og\ikjkfk_\
I\^`fekf[\m\cfge\nk\Z_efcf^`ZXcgifa\Zkj
Xe[Xjj`jkk_\Xî`Zlckli\j\Zkfi
K_`jÔm\$p\XijkiXk\^`ZgcXe#`dgc\d\ek\[Ypk_\Dè`jkip
f]8î`Zlckli\Xe[NXk\iI\jfliZ\j#n`ccXjjli\cfZXc]Xid\ijf]
èk\iXZk`feXe[gXike\ij_`gn`k_]fi\`êZfdgXe`\j#fg\eè^
[ffij]fi]lik_\igXike\ij_`gXe[#g\i_Xgj#^cfYXcèm\jkd\ek
fggfikle`k`\j]ficfZXc]Xid\ij%
N_`c\i\Xc`qè^k_Xkflid`jj`fe`jhl`k\j`dgc\#k_\dfi\
Zfdgc`ZXk\[]XZkfif]k_\\hlXk`fe`j`dgc\d\ekè^Y\kk\i
]Xidè^giXZk`Z\jXe[\eZfliX^è^Zfejld\ijkfYlpk_\cfZXccp
_Xim\jk\[gif[lZ\%Gi`Zè^f]gif[lZ\[^ff[j`jX_l^\]XZkfi#
Xe[n\_fg\kf\jkXYc`j_XYXcXeZ\[j\kjpjk\d]fik_`jZ_Xcc\e^\%
?fn[f\jBI>X[[i\jjjfd\f]`kjXî`ZlckliXcZ_Xcc\e^\j6
G\i_XgjXgiXZk`ZXcjfclk`fenflc[Y\kf\oXdè\k_\Xî`ZlckliXc
giXZk`Z\jf]k_\èk\ieXk`feXcZfddle`kpXe[\eZfliX^\]fi\`ê
ZfdgXe`\jkfèm\jkXe[gifm`[\\og\ik`j\kfcfZXc]Xid\ij%
@ek\ieXk`feXcZfdgXe`\jZXeXjj`jkèÔe[è^jfclk`fejkfZlii\ek
Xî`ZlckliXcgifYc\dj#Xjn\ccXj`dgc\d\ekè^Y\kk\iXî`ZlckliXc
giXZk`Z\jXe[è`k`Xkè^Xgif[lZ\i&Zfejld\ii\cXk`fej_`g#n_`Z_
ZXeZfeki`Ylk\kfk_\`dgifm\d\ekf]k_\Zlii\ek\Zfefd`Z
j`klXk`fe#Yfk_[fd\jk`ZXccpXe[èk\ieXk`feXccp2XÊ]ifd$]Xid$
kf$]fibËjkiXk\^pkfZfdgc\k\k_\ZpZc\%
JèZ\Xî`Zlckli\`jXm`kXc]XZkfièfli\Zfefdp#k_\BI>
X`djkf\c`dèXk\fc[$]Xj_`fe\[Xî`ZlckliXcgiXZk`Z\jXe[n`cc
]fZljfegifm`[èî\^`feXcîfn\ijXe[k_\e\n^\e\iXk`fef]
]Xid\ijn`k_df[\ie\hl`gd\ekXe[k\Z_efcf^p%FeZ\k_`jm`j`fe
_XjY\\ei\Xc`q\[YpcfZXc]Xid\ij#k_\gifg\iljX^\f]XiXYc\
cXe[n`cckiXejcXk\èkf`dgifm\[]Xidè^fggfikle`k`\j%K_lj]Xi#
k_\Ôm\$p\XigcXe_XjY\\eX`d\[XkkXi^\kè^k_\gcXeeè^#
gi\j\imXk`fe#gif[lZk`fe#Xe[gifdfk`fef]cfZXccp_Xim\jk\[
^ff[jfm\i`dgfik\[gif[lZ\%
:LII<EKJKI8K<>@:GIFA<:KJF=K?<D@E@JKIPF=
8>I@:LCKLI<8E;N8K<II<JFLI:<J
(% <jkXYc`j_d\ekf]]il`kfiZ_Xi[j#Zlck`mXk`fef]fc`m\
Xe[g`jkXZ_`fki\\j2
)% :fn$Yi\\[è^Xe[ZfejkilZk`fef][Xìpgifa\Zkj#Xe[#
n_\ee\Z\jjXip#\jkXYc`j_è^gXike\ij_`gn`k_]Xid\ijè
fi[\ikfgifm`[\]fiX^\2
*% <ogXe[è^gXjkip]XZkfi`\jXe[k_\gi\j\imè^Xe[[ipè^
f]]il`kjXe[m\^\kXYc\j2\jkXYc`j_è^gXike\ij_`gjn`k_
cfZXcgif[lZ\ijkfgifm`[\]XZkfi`\jn`k_è`k`Xcgif[lZ\2
+% Gfjk$_Xim\jkè^^l`[XeZ\#èZcl[è^X[m`Z\fe
îX[è^#ZXeeè^#dXib\kè^#e\Z\jjXipdXZ_è\ip#
Xe[jkfiX^\i\hlì\d\ekj2
,% <jkXYc`j_d\ekf]ìi`^Xk`fegifa\Zkj#èZcl[è^k_\
Yl`c[è^f][XdjXe[ìi`^Xk`feZ_Xee\cj#èm\jkd\ek
èdXZ_è\jkf`dgc\d\eke\nìi`^Xk`fejpjk\dj#Xe[
gldgj]fiXî`Zlckli\gifa\Zkj%
N`k_gifg\igcXeeè^Xe[k_\`dgc\d\ekXk`fef]e\n
Xî`ZlckliXcgiXZk`Z\j#k_\BI>X`djkfXZ_`\m\j\c]$jl]ÔZ`\eZp
Xe[]ff[j\Zli`kpèk_\Xî`ZlckliXcj\Zkfi#n_`Z_`jgcXpè^X
c\X[èîfc\èk_\jfZ`f$\Zfefd`Z[\m\cfgd\ekèk_\Bli[`jkXe
I\^`fe%K_\BI>jlggfikjXe[n\cZfd\j\og\ikjkfk_\I\^`fe
kf[\m\cfge\nk\Z_efcf^`ZXcgifa\ZkjXe[Xjj`jkk_\Xî`Zlckli\
j\Zkfin`k_Xjg\Zkjèn_`Z_`k`jcXZbè^%JlZ_gifa\ZkjZXe
^\e\iXk\î\XkZfdd\iZ`XcjlZZ\jj]fièk\i\jk\[èm\jkfij%■
('0
(('
I\jlii\Zkè^Xî`Zlckli\
Kurdistan has a range of initiatives in place
to optimise the Region’s agricultural sector
@dgifmè^Xe[dXeX^è^Bli[`jkXeËjXYle[Xek
nXk\ijlggc`\j`jXb\pgXikf]i\m`kXc`qèîliXcXi\Xj#
\ogcXèjGif]\jjfi>Xi\k_JkXejÔ\c[
Bli[`jkXe`jX]\ik`c\cXe[%N`k_`kji`Z_jf`cj#XYle[Xeknèk\i
iXè]Xccj#Xe[j`ê`ÔZXekîfle[nXk\ii\j\im\j#Bli[`jkXe_Xjf]k\e
Y\\e[\jZi`Y\[XjXYi\X[YXjb\kZXgXYc\f]efkfecp]\\[è^k_\
gfglcXk`fef]k_\I\^`fe#YlkXcjf\ogfikè^kf_\ie\`^_Yfij%
P\kk_`ji\gi\j\ekjfecpgfk\ek`XcXe[efkk_\i\Xc`kp%
:lii\ekcp#Bli[`jkXei\dXèjXe\k`dgfik\if]gif[lZkj%IliXc
Xi\XjXi\jk`cci\Zfm\iè^]ifdk_\c\^XZ`\jf]ZfeÕ`ZkjèZ\k_\
(0.'j#n_`Z_jXnk_\jpjk\dXk`Z[\jkilZk`fef]k_\iliXc
\emìfed\ekYpk_\9XËXk_i\^`d\%:fdYè\[n`k_k_\\]]\Zkjf]
k_\\dYXi^f\jXe[\Zfefd`Z\d\i^\eZpdXeX^\d\ekf]k_\
(00'j#n_`Z_i\jlck\[èXZfccXgj\f]k_\[fd\jk`ZXî`ZlckliXc
j\Zkfi]fccfnè^k_\\d\i^\eZp`dgfikf]]ff[jkl]]j`dgc\d\ek\[
Ypk_\LE#Bli[`jkXeËjXî`Zlckli\j\Zkfii\dXèjm\ipdlZ_X
nfibègifî\jj%?fn\m\i#`k`jXZilZ`Xc]XZkfièk_\I\^`feËj
]lkli\[\m\cfgd\ek%@kj_flc[XcjfY\XjkiX`^_k]finXi[fe\#Xjk_\
iXndXk\i`Xcjf]Xm`YiXek#jlZZ\jj]lcXî`ZlckliXcè[ljkipXi\Xcc
gi\j\ek1]\ik`c\jf`cj#^ff[nXk\ijlggc`\j#\ok\ej`m\cfZXcbefnc\[^\
Xe[#aljkXj`dgfikXekcp#k_\gfc`k`ZXc[\jì\kfjlZZ\\[%
M`j`kfijÕpè^èkfBli[`jkXeZXeefk]X`cYlkY\`dgi\jj\[
Ypk_\ìÔijkm`\nXjk_\p[\jZ\e[kfnXi[j<iY`c%Jefn$ZXgg\[
dflekXèj]Xccè^èkfî\\e_`ccj`[\j#èk\ijg\ij\[n`k_YifX[
i`m\ij#Xe[fg\eè^flkèkfn`[\Xî`ZlckliXcgcXèj#Xccgfèkkf
n_Xkj_flc[Y\Xgifjg\iflj#\ok\ej`m\Xî`ZlckliXcj\Zkfi%Efc\jj
k_XeÔm\dXafii`m\ijÕfnk_ifl^_Bli[`jkXe#\XZ_f]k_\dafèè^
k_\K`î`jXj`kÕfnjjflk_%K_\>i\XkQXY#B_XYfli#C\jj\iQXY#8nX
Jg`#Xe[JìnXei`m\ijXi\Xccj`ê`ÔZXeki\jfliZ\jèk_\ìfnei`^_k#
n`k_\XZ_Õfnè^k_ifl^_X[`]]\i\ekgXikf]k_\i\^`fe%K_i\\
dXafi[XdjÇ;f_lb#;lbXe#Xe[;XiYXe[`b_XeÇZfekifcXe[
Bli[`jkXe_Xjf]k\eY\\e[\jZi`Y\[
XjXYi\X[YXjb\kZXgXYc\f]efkfecp
]\\[è^k_\gfglcXk`fef]k_\I\^`fe#
YlkXcjf\ogfikè^kf_\ie\`^_Yfij
i\^lcXk\k_\j\i`m\ij#Xe[k_\i\Xi\X]lik_\i\`^_k[Xdjle[\i
ZfejkilZk`fefiY\è^gcXee\[19XjiXèBli[`jkXe#efkèk_\
jflk_f]@iXh #KXhKXh#B_\XnXkXHXcXZ_fcXe #>fdXjgXe
efik_$n\jkf]<iY`c #DXe[XnX#9XbfidXe#;\nXeX#Xe[8j_`
9XiXd%NXk\i`j\m\ipn_\i\èBli[`jkXe#Xe[`jjffekfY\Zfd\
dlZ_dfi\XZZ\jj`Yc\kfk_\Xî`ZlckliXcj\Zkfi%
N`k_k_\j\[\m\cfgd\ekjXe[fk_\ijèdè[#k_\Dè`jkipf]
8î`Zlckli\Xe[NXk\iI\jfliZ\j_Xj\dYXib\[lgfeXe\ok\ej`m\
Ôm\$p\XigcXe#n`k_k_\X`df]Yiè^è^XjdlZ_Xî`ZlckliXccXe[
èkfgif[lZk`feXjgfjj`Yc\%K_\gcXej]fik_\[\m\cfgd\ekf]
nXk\ii\jfliZ\j_Xm\_`^_kXi^\kj%K_\Dè`jkipX`djkf
jlggc\d\ekk_\Zlii\ek,#'''jdXcc\Xik_ZXeXcjk_Xk\o`jkn`k_
X]lik_\i-,'ZfeZi\k\ìi`^Xk`fegifa\Zkj#Yl`ckkfk_\_`^_\jk
èk\ieXk`feXcjg\Z`ÔZXk`fej%8kfkXcf](,cXi^\ìi`^Xk`fegifa\Zkj
Xi\XcjfY\è^Zfdd`jj`fe\[kfZfdgc\d\ekk_\k_i\\Xci\X[pè
gcXZ\%=`m\_le[i\[gfe[jn`ccY\dX[\#Xe[(0e\njdXcc[Xdjn`cc
Y\ZfejkilZk\[kfYiè^k_\kfkXckffm\i*'%@eX[[`k`fe#k_\
;f_lb#;lbXe#Xe[;XiYXe[`b_Xe[Xdjn`ccY\i\Zfdd`jj`fe\[kf
gifm`[\nXk\i]fiìi`^Xk`fegifa\Zkj%K_ifl^_k_`jgcXe#k_\Xdflek
f]ìi`^Xk\[cXe[`j\og\Zk\[kfXkc\XjkhlX[ilgc\]ifd)/*#+''kf
(#(0,#+''[feldjX[feldd\Xjli\j)#,''jhd %
N_p[f\jBli[`jkXe#n`k_`kjgfglcXk`fef]+%0d`cc`fe#e\\[
k_`jXdflekf]cXe[[\mfk\[kfk_\Xî`ZlckliXcj\Zkfi6K_\Xejn\i
`jj`dgc\1k_\BI>Xjgì\jkfj\c]$jl]ÔZ`\eZpf]k_\]ff[YXjb\k]fi
k_\\ekì\I\^`fe#n`k_k_\Xî`ZlckliXcj\ZkfiXcjfgcXpè^X
c\X[èîfc\èk_\jfZ`f$\Zfefd`Z[\m\cfgd\ekf]Bli[`jkXe%K_`j
X`di\hlì\jk_\Dè`jkipkf]fidlcXk\[\kX`c\[gcXej]fidXeX^è^
k_\I\^`feËjnXk\ii\jfliZ\jjli]XZ\Xe[jlYjli]XZ\ #
Zffi[èXkè^Xî`ZlckliXcnXk\iljX^\n`k_[fd\jk`Zjlggcp#
\ejliè^k_Xkîfle[nXk\ijlggc`\jXi\dXeX^\[èXjljkXèXYc\
dXee\i#Xe[glkkè^èkfgcXZ\d\Xjli\jkfi\jlii\Zkk_\
Xî`ZlckliXcj\Zkfi#Y\]fi\[\m\cfgè^`kèkfXm`YiXek#jljkXèXYc\#
Xe[\ok\ej`m\]\Xkli\f]Bli[`jkXeËj\Zfefdp%
K_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feZc\Xicp_XjXcfe^nXpkf^fkf]lcÔcc`kj
Xî`ZlckliXcXdY`k`fej#Ylkk_\i\`jZfeÔ[\eZ\cfZXccpk_Xk#n`k_
gfc`k`ZXcjlggfikXe[k_\èmfcm\d\ekf]]fi\`êèm\jkfijXe[
jb`cc\[X[m`jfij#`kjm`j`fe_Xj\m\ipZ_XeZ\f]Y\èî\Xc`j\[%
GcXejkfgif[lZ\\m\ipk_è^k_XkBli[`jkXee\\[ji\hlì\
Xe\ogfe\ek`XcèZi\Xj\èk_\p`\c[jf]k_\I\^`feËjZifgjXZifjj
k_\YfXi[ÇXe[è`k`Xk`m\jXi\ègcXZ\kf[flYc\k_\m\^\kXYc\
p`\c[]ifd*''#'''kffm\i-''#'''kfee\j#Xe[k_\]il`kp`\c[
]ifd,*#'''kf),'#'''kfee\jYp)'(*%K_\BI>ËjgcXejXcjf
\em`jX^\Xj`ê`ÔZXekèZi\Xj\èd\Xk#[Xìp#Xe[gflckip
gif[lZk`feÇ\efl^_kfjXk`j]pcfZXc[\dXe[Xe[\m\ekf\ogfik%
8ccf]k_\j\X[mXeZ\ji\hlì\Xe\hlXc[\m\cfgd\ekè]ff[
gifZ\jjè^#Xe[k_\gcXejZXcc]fiXeX[[`k`feXc**cXi^\gifZ\jjè^
]XZkfi`\jkfY\Yl`ckYp)'(*%8î`Zlckli\`jf]î\Xk`dgfikXeZ\kf
k_\I\^`fe#Xe[n`ccY\\m\edfi\jfXjk_\p\Xij^ffe%■
There is no shortage of
water for crops in Kurdistan
(((
(()
?<8CK?
Nfibè^kfnXi[jXZ`k`q\e$
Z\ek\i\[_\Xck_ZXi\jpjk\d
Kurdistan aims to offer the best possible healthcare within its budget
M`XeIX_dXeèk\im`\nj;iKX_\i8?XniXd`#
BI>Dè`jk\if]?\Xck_
=fii\X[\ijn_fXi\e\nkfBli[`jkXeËj_\Xck_ZXi\jpjk\d#ZXepfl
^`m\Xefm\im`\nf]_fn`knfibj6
hl`k\X[\î\\f]è[\g\e[\ek[\Z`j`fe$dXbè^fm\ifli_\Xck_
\og\e[`kli\Xe[gcXeeè^%?fn\m\i#n\_Xm\c\jjZfekifcfm\i
d\[`Zè\j#Xjn\i\Z\`m\XYflk+'$,'g\iZ\ekf]flid\[`Zè\
e\\[j[ì\Zkcp]ifdk_\=\[\iXcDè`jkipf]?\Xck_è9X^_[X[%
?fnnflc[pfliXk\k_\jkXk\f]pfli_\Xck_ZXi\jpjk\d6
K_\_\Xck_ZXi\jpjk\df]k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fe#Xe[f]k_\i\jkf]
@iXh#`j[`m`[\[Y\kn\\eglYc`ZXe[gi`mXk\[fZkfij#Zcè`ZjXe[
_fjg`kXcj%GlYc`ZXe[gi`mXk\_\Xck_ZXi\_Xm\fg\iXk\[ègXiXcc\c
]fidXepp\Xij#jfk_`j`jXn\cc$\jkXYc`j_\[]\Xkli\f]flijpjk\d%
GlYc`Z_\Xck_ZXi\`j]i\\f]Z_Xi^\%Gi`mXk\_\Xck_ZXi\`jgX`[]fiXk
k_\gfèkf]lj\#Xjk_\i\`jXcdfjkefgi`mXk\_\Xck_èjliXeZ\%
<XZ_^fm\iefiXk\_Xj`kjfne;ì\ZkfiXk\f]?\Xck_%K_\
^fm\iefiXk\jXi\[`m`[\[èkf[`jki`Zkj#n_`Z_Xi\èZ_Xi^\f]
_fjg`kXcj#gi`dXip_\Xck_Z\ek\ij#Xe[j\Zfe[XipXe[k\ik`Xip
Z\ek\ijèk_\ìXi\Xj%
?fn`jglYc`Z_\Xck_ZXi\]le[\[6
K_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXjXn_fc\i\Z\`m\j(.g\iZ\ekf]k_\@iXh`
Yl[^\kÇk_fl^_#èi\Xc`kp#n\f]k\ei\Z\`m\c\jjk_Xek_`jÇXe[k_\
BI>[\Z`[\j_fndlZ_f]flij_Xi\kfjg\e[fe_\Xck_%Jfn\_Xm\
@kËjXdò\[g`Zkli\%@]n\ZfdgXi\`kkfk_\(00'jXe[\Xicp)'''j#
n_\en\n\i\le[\iX[flYc\\dYXi^fXe[k_\\ZfefdpnXjè
m\ipYX[j_Xg\#flijpjk\dkf[Xp`jdlZ_Y\kk\i%Efnn\ZXe
jg\e[dfi\fe_\Xck_Xe[#n`k_XY\kk\ij\Zli`kpj`klXk`fe#k_\
eldY\if]Y\[jg\igfglcXk`feXe[_fjg`kXcm`j`kfiiXk\jè
Bli[`jkXeXi\_`^_\ik_Xeèk_\i\jkf]@iXh%N\Xcjf_Xm\\efl^_
[fZkfij#elij\j#gXiXd\[`ZjkX]]Xe[efe$d\[`ZXcjkX]]#jfk_\i\
`jeËkXj_fikX^\f]g\ijfee\c%
?fn\m\i#n\_Xm\jfd\YXj`ZgifYc\djk_Xkn\Xi\kipè^kf
X[[i\jj%N\e\\[kfdfm\k_\]fZljkfnXi[jgi`dXip_\Xck_ZXi\
Xe[gi\m\ek`m\d\[`Zè\%N\_Xm\XgXk`\ek$Z\ek\i\[jpjk\d#
n_`Z_e\\[jkfY\Zfd\XZ`k`q\e$Z\ek\i\[jpjk\d%FeXm\iX^\#
k_\i\`jfe\gi`dXip_\Xck_Z\eki\G?: g\ijfd\,#.''g\fgc\%
N_`c\k_`j`jdlZ_Y\kk\ik_Xeèk_\i\jkf]@iXh#dXepgXk`\ekj
jk`cc^fjkiX`^_kkf_fjg`kXc]figi`dXipe\\[j#gXikcpY\ZXlj\f]
?<8CK?
Erbil Hospital
Healthcare is split between the private and public sectors
fc[_XY`kjXe[gXikcpY\ZXlj\jfd\G?:jXi\efkf]]\iè^k_\
c\m\cf]ZXi\k_Xkk_\pj_flc[%
?fn[fk_\gi`mXk\Xe[glYc`Zj\Zkfijnfibkf^\k_\i6
9fk_jpjk\dj_Xm\fg\iXk\[j`dlckXe\fljcpè@iXh]fidXep
p\Xij%Fek_\fe\_Xe[#gi`mXk\_fjg`kXcj#Xe[[fZkfijèk_\ì
gi`mXk\giXZk`Z\j#f]]\i\]ÔZ`\eZp#jg\\[Xe[hlXc`kp#Xe[_\cgkf
kXb\k_\gi\jjli\f]]k_\eXk`feXc_\Xck_ZXi\jpjk\d%8e[#
i\Z\ekcp#jfd\e\nafèkglYc`Z$gi`mXk\è`k`Xk`m\j_Xm\Y\\e
Y\e\Ôkè^Yfk_%=fi\oXdgc\#k_\ZfejkilZk`fef]k_\D\[pX
;`Xêfjk`Z:\ek\iXe[k_\<iY`c:Xi[`XZ:\ek\in\i\]le[\[Yp
k_\BI>#Ylkk_\pXi\fg\iXk\[Ypk_\gi`mXk\j\ZkfiXe[kXb\
Yfk_gi`mXk\Xe[eXk`feXc_\Xck_ZXj\j%
?fn\m\i#k_\i\`jXcjfZfeÕ`ZkY\kn\\ek_\knfjpjk\dj#Xe[
k_`j_XjkfY\kXZbc\[%DXep[fZkfijnfibèYfk_k_\glYc`ZXe[
gi`mXk\j\Zkfij#Xe[k_`jjfd\k`d\jZXlj\jXZfeÕ`Zkf]èk\i\jk%
K_\i\`jXj_fikX^\f]glYc`Z$j\Zkfi[fZkfij#gXik`ZlcXicpè]Xd`cp
d\[`Zè\%K_\p_Xm\X_\XmpnfibcfX[Xe[m\ip]lccZcè`Zj%>`m\e
k_\Y\e\ÔkjXe[i\nXi[jk_Xkk_\pÔe[èk_\ìgi`mXk\giXZk`Z\j#
`kËjefkjligi`jè^k_XkdXepf]k_\d[\[`ZXk\]\n\i_flijkfk_\
glYc`Zj\Zkfi#n_`Z_è\m`kXYcpjl]]\ij%
K_\ZfeÕ`Zk`jjpdgkfdXk`Zf]Xefm\i$i\c`XeZ\fe[fZkfij#
n_\edXepf]k_\ìkXjbjZXe#Xe[j_flc[#Y\[fe\Ypelij\j#
gXiXd\[`Zj#fZZlgXk`feXck_\iXg`jkj#g_pj`fk_\iXg`jkjXe[
d\ekXc$_\Xck_nfib\ij%K_`jnflc[kXb\k_\gi\jjli\f]][fZkfij%
Jfn_pXi\eËkk_\fk_\i_\Xck_ZXi\nfib\ij[fè^k_fj\kXjbj6
9\ZXlj\f]k_\jb`ccj^Xg%@Ëdm\ipgc\Xj\[kfjXpk_Xk#èBli[`jkXe#
elijè^_XjefnY\Zfd\i\jg\Zk\[#Xe[n\_Xm\ifl^_cp\hlXc
eldY\ijf]d\eXe[nfd\eèk_\gif]\jj`fe%?fn\m\i#m\ip]\n
f]flielij\j_Xm\[fe\]flip\Xijf]jkl[pXkk_\:fcc\^\f]
Elijè^%Dfjk_Xm\fecp_X[jfd\kiXèè^jkiX`^_kX]k\id`[[c\fi
j\Zfe[XipjZ_ffc#fiknfp\XijXkXd\[`ZXcèjk`klk\%9i`[^è^k_\
jb`ccj^Xg]fiXcc_\Xck_ZXi\nfib\ij`jfe\f]fligi`fi`k`\j%
N_XkXi\pflidXègfc`Z`\j6
FliX`djXi\kf_Xm\X_\Xck_`\igfglcXk`fe#Xe[kff]]\ik_\Y\jk
gfjj`Yc\_\Xck_ZXi\k_Xkn\ZXen`k_fliYl[^\k%K_`jd\Xej
jki\e^k_\eè^gi\m\ek`m\Xe[gi`dXip_\Xck_ZXi\#`dgifmè^
dXeX^\d\ekXe[è]iXjkilZkli\#Xe[gifm`[è^Zfekèlflj
gif]\jj`feXc[\m\cfgd\ekkffli[fZkfij#elij\jXe[fk_\i
_\Xck_ZXi\nfib\ij%
N_Xkfggfikle`k`\j\o`jk]fi]fi\`êfi^Xe`qXk`fejfiZfdgXe`\j
kfnfibèBli[`jkXeËj_\Xck_j\Zkfi6
=fi\`êle`m\ij`k`\jXe[kiXèè^èjk`klk`fejZXe_\cgljXî\Xk
[\Xcn`k_fe^fè^kiXèè^Xe[\[lZXk`fe#efkfecp]fid\[`ZXc
jkX]]YlkXcjf]fiflidXeX^\ij#X[dè`jkiXkfijXe[[XkX
Zfekifcc\ij%K_\i\dXpXcjfY\fggfikle`k`\j]figlYc`Z_\Xck_
\og\ikjn_fZXeX[m`j\ljfeZfjk\]ÔZ`\eZ`\j#[il^$jlggcp
dXeX^\d\ek#Xe[[XkX$dXeX^\d\ekjpjk\dj%N\_Xm\Xci\X[p
ilejfd\kiXèè^gifîXdjn`k_Afi[Xe`Xeèjk`klk`fej#Xe[n\Xi\
è[`jZljj`fejn`k_9i`k`j_le`m\ij`k`\j#k\XZ_è^_fjg`kXcjXe[k_\
IfpXc:fcc\^\j%9lkn\e\\[kffm\iZfd\k_\gifYc\df]k_\LB
m`jX$Xggc`ZXk`fegifZ\jj%@ek_\gi`mXk\j\Zkfi#]fi\`ê\ijn_f
n`j_kfj\klggi`mXk\_fjg`kXcj#Zcè`Zjfifk_\i_\Xck_j\im`Z\j
Zflc[hlXc`]p]fièZ\ek`m\jle[\ik_\Bli[`jkXe@em\jkd\ekCXn%
K_fj\fggfikle`k`\jXi\Z\ikXècpnfik_\ogcfiè^%■
((*
((+
<;L:8K@FE
<;L:8K@FE
@em\jkè^èk_\]lkli\1
XZfdd`kd\ekkf\[lZXk`fe
K_\I\^`fe`jdXbèîXg`[gifî\jjèk_`jXi\X#ni`k\j
JX]\\e;`qXp\\#BI>Dè`jk\if]<[lZXk`fe
K_\BI>n`ccÔe[efY\kk\ièm\jkd\ekk_Xek_\\[lZXk`fef]k_\
I\^`feËjZ_`c[i\e%EfZXg`kXcèm\jkd\ekZXe#èk_\cfeîle#
dXkZ_k_\i\kliejk_Xkn`ccY\XZ_`\m\[]ifdXe\[lZXk\[
gfglcXk`fe#ZXgXYc\f]Zfdg\kè^èk_\^cfYXc\Zfefdp%
DpZfcc\X^l\j_Xm\gi\j\ek\[Xik`Zc\jflkcèè^k_\m`j`fej
Xe[gcXejf]k_\ìdè`jki`\jXe[[\gXikd\ekj#Xe[@Y\c`\m\k_\
XZZfdgc`j_d\ekjf]k_\BI>fm\ik_\gXjk]\np\Xijgifm\k_Xkn\
Xi\#è[\\[#fek_\i`^_kkiXZb]fi[\m\cfgd\ek%K_\i\`jXdgc\
i\Xjfe]fifgk`d`jd%K_\ifc\f]k_\BI>Dè`jkipf]<[lZXk`fe#
@Y\c`\m\#`jkf]XZ`c`kXk\jpjk\d$n`[\`dgifm\d\ekjèk\XZ_è^
ZXgXZ`kpXe[d\k_f[fcf^p#YlkXcjfkfèjgì\XZlckli\f]c\Xieè^#
kfelikli\XeXggi\Z`Xk`fef]befnc\[^\#Xe[kf\eZfliX^\k_\
jgì`kf]k\XdnfibXe[gXike\ij_`g%K_\jlZZ\jjf]fligifîXdj
n`ccY\e\ÔkBI>è`k`Xk`m\jèmXi`fljj\Zkfij#]ifdXî`Zlckli\kf@K#
Xe[n`ccgifm`[\ZXgXYc\Xe[\X^\ijkl[\ekji\X[pkf\e^X^\è
_`^_\i\[lZXk`feXe[\e\i^`q\flinfib]fiZ\%
9\ZXlj\fliZ_`c[i\en`cc^l`[\ljèk_\p\XijkfZfd\#
\[lZXk`fei\XZ_\jXZifjjXccè[ljki`\jXe[j\im`Z\jèk_\glYc`Z
Xe[gi`mXk\j\Zkfij%:i\Xkè^Xeèk\îXk\[#df[\ie\[lZXk`feXc
è]iXjkilZkli\`jXe\efidfljkXjb#i\hlìè^k_\ZfdYè\[\]]fikj
f]k_fljXe[jf][\[`ZXk\[k\XZ_\ij#X[dè`jkiXkfij#Xe[\og\ikj%
K_\Zfjk#_fn\m\i#gXc\jèZfdgXi`jfen`k_k_\Y\e\Ôkj%K_\
befnc\[^\XYjfiY\[YpfliZ_`c[i\e[f\jefk]X[\#lec`b\Yl`c[è^j
fiifX[j%K_\èm\jkd\ekf]i\jfliZ\jèk_\\[lZXk`fef]fli
Z_`c[i\e`j]Xidfi\jljkXèXYc\%8cjf#`kXccfnjpfle^\i^\e\iXk`fej
kfZXg`kXc`q\lgfek_\ìbefnc\[^\Xe[jb`ccjkfZfeki`Ylk\kffli
I\^`feXe[Zi\Xk\Y\kk\i#dfi\\]ÔZ`\ek#dfi\èefmXk`m\
jfclk`fej%@k`jk_\jljkXèXY`c`kp#Xe[k_\le`m\ijXcXggc`ZXk`feXe[
lk`c`kp#f]\[lZXk`fek_XkdXb\jflikXjbjf`dgfikXek%
K_Xeb]lccp#k_\BI>_Xjgifm\[]finXi[$cffbè^èk_`j
i\^Xi[#Xe[_XjZfdd`kk\[`kj\c]]lccpkfk_\`dgfikXeZ\#Xe[
e\Z\jj`kp#f]gifm`[è^k_\\[lZXk`feXcjb`ccji\hlì\[kfZfdg\k\
èkf[XpËj\Zfefdp%@n`ccflkcè\Yi`\Õpjfd\f]flidfjk
`dgfikXekè`k`Xk`m\j#]fZljè^Z_`\Õpfegi`dXip\[lZXk`fe%
@eXepjfZ`\kpjlZ_XjBli[`jkXeËj#n`k_`kj_`jkfipf]
le[\ièm\jkd\ekXe[ZfeÕ`Zk#c`k\iXZp`jXdXafiZfeZ\ie%Fm\ik_\
gXjk[\ZX[\#n\_Xm\nfib\[_Xi[XjX^fm\ied\ekkfi\[lZ\
`cc`k\iXZpiXk\j#gXik`ZlcXicpY\kn\\ek_\X^\jf]jòXe[(,%Fli
\]]fikj_Xm\Y\\ejlZZ\jj]lc%@e)'''#k_\`cc`k\iXZpiXk\è
Bli[`jkXenXjXeleXZZ\gkXYcp_`^_*.g\iZ\ek%K_`j_XjY\\e
i\[lZ\[kf(.g\iZ\ekè)'('Çjk`cc]Xi]ifdXZZ\gkXYc\#Ylk
Zc\Xicp`dgifmè^%N\Xcjfgi`fi`k`q\efkfecpk_\k\XZ_è^f]
<e^c`j_Xcfe^j`[\Bli[`j_#YlkXcjf#XjflijfZ`\kp`jdlck`$\k_e`Z#
k_\k\XZ_è^f]8jjpi`Xe#8iXdX`Z#Xe[Klibd\e]fik_fj\
gXik`ZlcXiZfddle`k`\j#n_`Z_n\_Xm\èkif[lZ\[%
N\_Xm\Xcjfjki`m\ekf\ejli\k_XkYfpjXe[^ìcjXi\^`m\e
\hlXcfggfikle`k`\jkfi\Xc`q\k_\ìfnegfk\ek`XcèXjlggfik`m\
\emìfed\ek%K_`j`jXe`dgfikXek]XZkkf\dg_Xj`q\ÇèBli[`jkXe#
YfpjXe[^ìcjXi\\hlXcèk_\ìi`^_kjXe[è_fnk_\pXi\kXl^_k%
KfXZ_`\m\k_`jjlggfik`m\\emìfed\ek#n\X`dkfkiXèfli
k\XZ_\ijkfk_\_`^_\jkjkXe[Xi[jXe[\ejli\k_\p_Xm\k_\
Xggifgi`Xk\jb`ccj]fik_\dkfY\jk[\m\cfgfliZ_`c[i\eËjgfk\ek`Xc%
K_\i\i\dXèjdlZ_dfi\kfY\[fe\%@ek_\gXjk#fli
g\fgc\n\i\[\gi`m\[f]Xgifg\ijpjk\d]fi\[lZXkè^Xe[
elikliè^fliZ_`c[i\e%N\_Xm\nfib\[]\im\ekcpkfZi\Xk\Xe
Xkdfjg_\i\f]c\Xieè^ÇXe[kfYl`c[\efl^_jZ_ffcjèn_`Z_kf
kiXèflipfle^jkl[\ekj%K_\Zfdè^p\Xijn`ccj\\]lik_\i
`dgifm\d\ekjXe[dfi\jk\gj]finXi[%
@em\jkfijXe[\eki\gi\e\lijn_fXi\\ogcfiè^fggfikle`k`\j
eXkliXccpZfej`[\ik_\hlXc`kpf]cXYfijb`ccjXmX`cXYc\èk_\cfZXc
dXib\kÇn_\k_\ièk_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fefi\cj\n_\i\%<XZ_p\Xi#
n\n`ccgif[lZ\îX[lXk\jn`k_Xdfi\ifYljkbefnc\[^\YXj\#
j_Xig\ijb`ccjXe[î\Xk\i^cfYXcXnXi\e\jj%
@[fefkZcX`dk_Xkfli\[lZXk`fejpjk\d`jfeXgXin`k_
k_fj\f]k_\dfjkX[mXeZ\[eXk`fejèk_\nfic[#Ylkn\Xi\
`dgifmèîXg`[cp%@XdZfeÔ[\ekk_Xkgi`mXk\ZfdgXe`\j#Yfk_
cfZXcXe[èk\ieXk`feXc#n`ccÔe[k_fljXe[jf]kXc\ek\[#ZXgXYc\#
Xe[n`ccè^pfle^d\eXe[nfd\e\X^\ikf\ogcfi\\dgcfpd\ek
fggfikle`k`\jXe[glkk_\ìjb`ccjkfnfib%@ek_\d\Xek`d\#fli
jZ_ffcjn`ccîfn#fligifîXdjn`cc[\m\cfg#Xe[Bli[`jkXen`cc
Zfekèl\èm\jkè^èk_\]lkli\Ypèm\jkè^è`kjZ_`c[i\e%■
((,
((-
<;L:8K@FE
Le`m\ij`k`\jè
Bli[`jkXe1[\m\cfgè^
k_\k\ik`Xipj\Zkfi
Reliable, high-speed internet connectivity is one of
the targets of the Region’s investment in universities
Gif]\jjfi;cXn\i8cXË8c[\\e_`^_c`^_kjk_\gifîXdj
[\j`ê\[kf`dgifm\k_\gifjg\Zkjf]k_\I\^`feËj
jkl[\ekjXe[gifm`[\Y\e\Ôkj]fi^cfYXcgXike\ij
K_\Dè`jkipf]?`^_\i<[lZXk`feXe[JZ`\ek`ÔZI\j\XiZ_D?<$BI> _Xjè`k`Xk\[XdXafii\]fidgifîXd]fidf[\ie`qè^Xe[
[\Z\ekiXc`qè^k_\_`^_\i$\[lZXk`fejpjk\d%@k`jk_\m`j`fef]k_\
g\fgc\f]Bli[`jkXe#èZcl[è^^fm\ied\ekf]ÔZ`Xcj#X[dè`jkiXkfij#
Xe[]XZlckpd\dY\ijkf`dgifm\k_\hlXc`kpf]k_\èjk`klk`fejf]
_`^_\i\[lZXk`feXe[_Xm\k_\dZflek\[Xdfe^k_\Y\jkè@iXh#
k_\D`[[c\<Xjk#Xe[k_\nfic[%Kf\ejli\k_`jm`j`fe#k_\Dè`jkip
_XjY\^lek_\kiXej]\if]gfn\ikfle`m\ij`kpX[dè`jkiXkfijjf
k_Xkk_\pZXeZfekifck_\ìfneèjk`klk`fejÔeXeZ`XccpXe[
XZX[\d`ZXccp%K_\Dè`jkipËjifc\n`cc]fZljfejkiXk\^`ZgcXeeè^#
]le[è^#Xe[Xl[`kè^#n_`c\\ejliè^hlXc`kpXe[\hlXc`kp%Kf
jkXY`c`q\k_\m`j`fe#cXnji\cXkè^kf_`^_\i\[lZXk`fen`ccjffeY\
i\Xc`ê\[èZfccXYfiXk`fen`k_BI>gXic`Xd\ekXipf]ÔZ`Xcj%
J\m\iXcd\Z_Xe`jdj\eXYcè^gXike\ièî\cXk`fej_`gjkf
`dgifm\Xe[[\m\cfg_ldXeZXgXZ`kpk_ifl^__`^_\i\[lZXk`fe
_Xm\Y\\eglkègcXZ\1
<;L:8K@FE

K?<E<NG?;G8K?N8PZXccj]fijgc`k$j`k\G_;jlg\im`j`feè
n_`Z_[fZkfiXcjkl[\ekj]ifdBli[`jkXen`ccZfdgc\k\k_\ì
i\j\XiZ_n`k_Xgif]\jjfièX]fi\`êZ\eki\f]\oZ\cc\eZ\#è
ZfccXYfiXk`fen`k_Xgif]\jjfi]ifdBli[`jkXe2
K?<?LD8E:8G8:@KP;<M<CFGD<EKGIF>I8D?:;G `jX
dXafijZ_fcXij_`gè`k`Xk`m\k_XknXjcXleZ_\[k_`jp\Xi]fi
jkl[\ekj]ifdk_\Bli[`jkXei\^`fekfjkl[pè]fi\`ê
Zfleki`\j%?:;G`jZfdd`kk\[kfgifm`[è^(d`cc`feXp\Xiè
jZ_fcXij_`gjkfj\e[Bli[`jkXeDXjk\iËjXe[;fZkfiXcjkl[\ekj
kfk_\Y\jkle`m\ij`k`\jXifle[k_\nfic[2
JKL;<EK8E;=8:LCKP<O:?8E><GIF>I8DJXi\i\X[pkfY\
èjk`klk\[efnk_XkBli[`jkXe\eafpjXjkXYc\\emìfed\ekXe[
[X`cpÕ`^_kj]ifd<lifg\2
K<8:?@E>FGGFIKLE@K@<J]fi\ogXki`Xk\jèBli[`jkXeXYfle[
èYfk_glYc`ZXe[gi`mXk\le`m\ij`k`\j2
J8998K@:8CJKFK<8:?@E>JK8==n`ccY\f]]\i\[Ypk_\Dè`jkip
kfXccfnk_\dkfZfccXYfiXk\Xe[ZXiipflkafèki\j\XiZ_n`k_
èk\ieXk`feXcle`m\ij`kpZfcc\X^l\j%
8d\i`ZXeLe`m\ij`kpf]@iXhèJlcX`dXe`X#n_`Z__XjiX`j\[fm\i
(''d`cc`fekfZfdgc\k\Xe\nZXdgljXe[j\im\`kjZlii\ek
\eifccd\ekf],''jkl[\ekj%
K_\Dè`jkip`jZfdd`kk\[kfk_\j\^fXcj#Xe[_fjk\[Xe
XeelXcèk\ieXk`feXcZfe]\i\eZ\è;\Z\dY\i)'('k_XkYifl^_k
kf^\k_\idè`jk\ij#gi\j`[\ekj#Xe[gif]\jjfijf]_`^_\i\[lZXk`fe
]ifdXifle[k_\nfic[kf\eXYc\ZfccXYfiXk`fe#e\knfibè^#Xe[
fggfikle`k`\jf]dlklXcY\e\Ôk%
Bli[`jkXe`j\og\i`\eZè^Xe\[lZXk`feXcYffd]l\c\[YpXe
\Zfefd`ZYffd#\m`[\eZ\[Yp,Y`cc`fejg\ekèZfejkilZk`fe
fm\ik_\cXjkÔm\p\Xij%Fggfikle`k`\j\o`jk]fièm\jkfijkfèjkXcc
jpjk\dj#Z\ek\ij#Xe[ZXdglj\j%N\i\dXèZfeÔ[\ekk_Xk#n`k_
^cfYXcgXike\ij#n\ZXedXe`]\jkk_\_`^_\jkhlXc`kp]fi_`^_\i
\[lZXk`fe]fik_\g\fgc\f]k_\I\^`fe%■
<JK89C@J?<;LE@M<IJ@K@<J

GifîXdjjlZ_Xjk_\j\n`cc\ejli\iXg`[`dgifm\d\ekè
i\j\XiZ_gif[lZk`fe#k\XZ_è^d\k_f[fcf^`\j#Xe[Zlii`Zlcld
Zfek\ek#Xccf]n_`Z_Xi\Zi`k`ZXc]fik_\iXg`[`dgifm\d\ekf]
_`^_\i\[lZXk`fe%Bli[`jkXe`jXcjfdXbè^XdXafièm\jkd\ek
è_`^_\i\[lZXk`fe#kfkXcèê\Xicp)%*Y`cc`fen`k_k_\
ZfejkilZk`fef]ZXdglj\j%
;\jg`k\dXjj`m\\ogXej`fef]`kjZfddle`ZXk`fej
è]iXjkilZkli\#Bli[`jkXe_Xjp\kkfi\Xc`q\k_\^fXcf]ZfejkXek#
[\g\e[XYc\#_`^_$jg\\[èk\ie\kZfee\Zk`m`kpÇXYjfclk\cp
e\Z\jjXip]fiXZX[\d`Zîfnk_Xe[Xdf[\iei\hlì\d\ek]fi
i\j\XiZ_XZk`m`kp%Bli[`jkXeËjle`m\ij`k`\jn`cci\hlì\cXYfiXkfi`\j
Xe[\hl`gd\ekn`k_Xcck_\XZZflki\d\ekjf]df[\iek\Z_efcf^p#
Xjn\ccXjk_\XY`c`kpkfXggcpe\nbefnc\[^\Xe[jb`ccj%
K_\Dè`jkipf]?`^_\i<[lZXk`fe`jcffbè^]fijfclk`fej#
afèkm\ekli\j#Xe[flkjfliZè^]ifd^cfYXcgXike\ijkfgifm`[\
k_\dlklXcY\e\Ôkjf]k_\_`^_[\dXe[Xe[èX[\hlXk\gifm`j`fe
f]gfjk$j\Zfe[Xip\[lZXk`fe2Xe\emìfed\ekn_\i\k_\i\Xi\
dfi\jkl[\ekjk_Xek_\le`m\ij`k`\jZXeXZZfddf[Xk\%
<eZfliX^è^YiXeZ_ZXdglj\jf]j\c\Zk\[èk\ieXk`feXc
le`m\ij`k`\jYiè^jXe`dd\[`Xk\èZi\Xj\èk_\hlXc`kpf]_`^_\i
\[lZXk`fe%@e<iY`c#k_\gi`mXk\=i\eZ_$C\YXe\j\Le`m\ij`kp_Xj
d\kn`k_dXafijlZZ\jjXe[`jèk_\gifZ\jjf]\ogXej`fe%
Kn\cm\gi`mXk\le`m\ij`k`\j_Xm\Y\\e\jkXYc`j_\[jèZ\
)''-#k_\p\Xièn_`Z_k_\Dè`jkipf]?`^_\i<[lZXk`feXe[
JZ`\ek`ÔZI\j\XiZ_nXj\jkXYc`j_\[Ypk_\BI>%@eX[[`k`fe#
gi`mXk\le`m\ij`k`\jXi\èm\jkè^èBli[`jkXe2k_\j\èZcl[\k_\

?Xnc\iD\[`ZXcLe`m\ij`kp
Le`m\ij`kpf];f_fb
Le`m\ij`kpf]BfpX
Le`m\ij`kpf]JXcX_X[[`e
Le`m\ij`kpf]JfiXe
Le`m\ij`kpf]JlcX`dXe`X
E<NLE@M<IJ@K@<JFG<E@E>)'('$((

Le`m\ij`kpf]>Xid`Xe
Le`m\ij`kpf]?XcXYaX_
Le`m\ij`kpf]IXgXi`e
Le`m\ij`kpf]QXb_f

K?<M@J@FE=FIJ:@<EK@=@:I<J<8I:?

:
fee\Zkè^jZ`\ek`jkjf]k_\I\^`fen`k_k_\nfic[2
J\e[è^gif]\jjfijfejZ`\ek`ÔZjZ_fcXij_`gj2
<jkXYc`j_è^Xeèk\ieXk`feXcjpjk\d]fiG_;[\î\\j2
?fjkè^XeelXcèk\ieXk`feXcZfe]\i\eZ\j]fi
jZ`\ek`ÔZi\j\XiZ_

K?<M@J@FEKF@E:I<8J<K?<HL8C@KPF=?@>?<I<;L:8K@FE

HlXc`kp$XjjliXeZ\jpjk\dj2
:fekèlè^\[lZXk`fegifîXdj]fiXZX[\d`Zj2
9ifX[Zlii`ZlcldlgîX[\j2
Le[Xk\[DXjk\iËj[\î\\gifîXdj2
<e^c`j_$cXe^lX^\gifîXdj2
E\njkl[\ek$X[d`jj`fejpjk\dj
((.
((/
C@M@E>@E8E;M@J@K@E>BLI;@JK8E
Bli[`j_Zlckli\1
df[\ie`kpm\ijljkiX[`k`fe
8]k\i^\e\iXk`fejf]jlggi\jj`fe#Bli[`j_Zlckli\`j
Z_Xe^è^[l\kfk_\ZfdYè\[\]]\Zkjf]k\Z_efcf^p
Xe[^cfYXcèÕl\eZ\j#jXpj?Xj_\d8_dX[qX[\_
8jXg\fgc\\o`jkè^èXmXi`\[cXe[Xe[n`k_dXepe\`^_Yfij#k_\
Bli[j_Xm\Xi`Z_Xe[mXi`\[Zlckli\#`dYl\[n`k_[\\gkiX[`k`fej
Xe[efnZfcfi\[èZi\Xjè^cpYpk_\`dgXZkf]df[\ie`kp%=Xi]ifd
Traditional aspects of Kurdish culture
coexist alongside modern forms of
artistic expression and entertainment
k_\èÕl\eZ\jf]df[\iec`]\jkpc\j#k_\ZlckliXcgif[lZk`fejf]
Bli[`j_jfZ`\k`\jn\i\dXècpfiXc%9XccX[jXe[jfe^ji\Õ\Zk\[
k_\mXi`fljXjg\Zkjf]Bli[`j_jfZ`XcXe[ZlckliXcg\Zlc`Xi`k`\j#
n_`c\gf\kipnXj#lek`ck_\(0k_Z\eklip#k_\fecpdXe`]\jkXk`fe
f]Bli[`j_Zlckli\èk_\Ô\c[f]ni`kk\ec`k\iXkli\%K_\i`Z_fiXc
c`k\iXkli\#Xcfe^j`[\k_\ZcXjj`ZXcgf\kip#gifdfk\[k_\
[`jkèZk`m\e\jjf]k_\Bli[`j_\k_ef$cè^l`jk`Zîflg%
Gif]fle[Z_Xe^\jèk_\jfZ`Xcc`]\f]
k_\I\^`feXe[k_\XdY`k`fejf]X_`^_cp
\[lZXk\[Xe[df[\ie`q\[jfZ`\kp_Xm\
fg\e\[e\n_fi`qfej]fiBli[`j_Zlckli\
Fnè^kfmXi`flj^\fîXg_`ZXc#gfc`k`ZXcXe[ZlckliXci\Xjfej#
k_\Bli[jn\i\efkiX[`ZXccpX]]\Zk\[Ypk_\df[\ie`qXk`fegfc`Z`\j
X[fgk\[Ypk_\FkkfdXeXe[HXaXi\dgì\jk_Xk^fm\ie\[
Bli[`jkXeèk_\(0k_Z\eklip#Xe[kiX[`k`feXcnXpjf]c`]\Zfekèl\[
leèk\iilgk\[%9lkk_`jnXjkfZ_Xe^\èk_\\Xicp[\ZX[\jf]k_\
)'k_Z\eklip%K_\]fidXk`fef]k_\e\neXk`fejkXk\jf]@iXh#
Klib\p#Xe[Jpi`X#Xcfe^j`[\@iXe#ZXlj\[Xjgi\X[f]eXk`feXc`jd
Xdfe^k_\Bli[`j_\c`k\#n_fXcjf[\dXe[\[Xe\nBli[`j_jkXk\%
I<>@FE8CI<J@JK8E:<K_\X`df]k_\e\njkXk\jnXjkf
\jkXYc`j_\k_e`ZXccpYXj\[eXk`fejXkk_\\og\ej\f][\epè^fk_\i
\k_e`Zîflgj#èZcl[è^k_\Bli[j#Xe[k_\ìcè^l`jk`ZXe[ZlckliXc
]\Xkli\j%K_`jZXlj\[XYXZbcXj_#gXmè^k_\nXp]fiiX[`ZXc
Z_Xe^\jèBli[`j_ZlckliXcc`]\%Bli[`j_aflieXc`jd#df[\iegf\kip#
j_fikjkfi`\jXe[efm\cjn\i\Xdfe^k_fj\ZlckliXcgif[lZk`fej
k_Xk[\dfejkiXk\[k_\Xii`mXcf]Xe\n\iXèk_\Bli[`j_jfZ`\k`\j%
9lkk_\fggi\jj`m\gfc`k`Zjf]k_\e\njkXk\j[`[efkXccfn
_Xidfe`flj[\m\cfgd\ekf]k_\e\nBli[`j_Zlckli\%@e]XZk#k_\
gfc`Zpf]df[\ie`qXk`feZfe[lZk\[Ypk_\j\_`^_cpZ\ekiXc`j\[
jkXk\j#\jg\Z`Xccpèk_\Ô\c[f]Zlckli\#dX[\k_\Bli[`j_cXe^lX^\
Xgfc`k`ZXcg_\efd\efek_XknXjZfej`[\i\[Xk_i\XkX^Xèjkk_\
Z\ek\i%8]k\iY\è^YXee\[]ifdk_\Ô\c[f]\[lZXk`feXe[
X[dè`jkiXk`m\[\gXikd\ekj#k_\Bli[`j_cXe^lX^\jkil^^c\[kf
jlim`m\Xe[i\XZ_k_\cXk\[\ZX[\jf]k_\)'k_Z\eklip%
:LCKLI8CI<8N8B<E@E>K_\gfc`k`ZXcZ_Xe^\jèk_\
D`[[c\<XjkkfnXi[jk_\\e[f]k_\)'k_Z\eklipZfeki`Ylk\[kf
k_\df[\ie`qXk`fef]Bli[`j_Zlckli\dfi\k_Xe\m\iY\]fi\%K_\
(00(Bli[`j_lgi`jè^è@iXh`Bli[`jkXe#Xe[#Zfej\hl\ekcp#k_\
\jkXYc`j_d\ekf]X[\]XZkfè[\g\e[\ek\ek`kp#iX[`ZXccpZ_Xe^\[
gi\jlggfj`k`fej]fik_\i\jli^\eZ\f]Bli[`j_Zlckli\%
?XmèêfnY\\ek_\cXe^lX^\f]\[lZXk`feXe[
X[dè`jkiXk`fe]fiXYflkknf[\ZX[\j#k_\Bli[`j_cXe^lX^\_Xj
i\XZ_\[Xelegi\Z\[\ek\[c\m\cè`kj[\m\cfgd\ek%K_\gi\j\eZ\
f]Ôm\[X`cpe\njgXg\ij#eld\ifljn\\bcpXe[dfek_cpaflieXcj#
Xe[dfi\k_Xe)'jXk\cc`k\KMZ_Xee\cjYfk_èBli[`jkXeXe[è
[`XjgfiX_Xm\df[\ie`q\[Bli[`j_Zlckli\j`ê`ÔZXekcp%K_\
\o`jk\eZ\f]X[mXeZ\[glYc`j_è^_flj\jèBli[`jkXeXe[k_\ì
gifc`ÔZglYc`ZXk`fef]Yffbj#k_\èZi\XjèêldY\if]le`m\ij`k`\j
The Region’s burgeoning media
sector produces a wide variety of
Kurdish-language publications
n`k_k_\ìk\ejf]k_fljXe[jf]jkl[\ekj#Xcfe^j`[\df[\ied\Xej
f]Zfddle`ZXk`fe#_Xm\Xcc_\cg\[kfkiXej]fidBli[`j_Zlckli\%
K_\îfnè^\og\ZkXk`fejèjfZ`XcXe[ZlckliXcc`]\#[l\kf
î\Xk\ij\Zli`kpèBli[`jkXeXe[k_\\Zfefd`Z[\m\cfgd\ekf]
k_\I\^`fe#_Xm\fg\e\[e\nZlckliXc_fi`qfej%K_`jdf[\ie
Zlckli\#_Xmè^XYjfiY\[dXep^cfYXcèÕl\eZ\j#_XjZ_Xcc\e^\[
Bli[`j_kiX[`k`fej%?fn\m\i#k_\kiXZ\jf]kiX[`k`feXcZlckli\#
\jg\Z`Xccpèk_\jfZ`Xc[fdXè#Xi\èk_\ìklieXZ_Xcc\e^\kfk_\
\]]\Zkjf]df[\ieZlckli\%K_\_\Xmpgi\j\eZ\f]k_\cXk\jk
Zfddle`ZXk`fek\Z_efcf^pèBli[`jkXe#Xe[`kjZfeÕ`Zkn`k_
kiX[`k`feXcmXcl\j#i\hlì\jn\cc$gcXee\[jfZ`XcXe[ZlckliXc
\e^è\\iè^kfgifm`[\Xdfi\_Xidfe`fljnXpf]c`]\%
K_\gif]fle[Z_Xe^\jèk_\jfZ`Xcc`]\f]k_\I\^`feXe[
k_\XdY`k`fejf]X_`^_cp\[lZXk\[Xe[df[\ie`q\[jfZ`\kp_Xm\
fg\e\[e\n_fi`qfej]fiBli[`j_Zlckli\#n_`Z_`jèj\XiZ_f]
e\nnXpjf]Y\è^Xik`ZlcXk\[%K_`je\nj`klXk`fe\eZfliX^\j
èm\jkd\ekèmXi`fljÔ\c[jf]ZlckliXcc`]\#jlZ_Xjdf[\ie
k\Z_efcf^`\jf]cXe^lX^\$k\XZ_è^#glYc`j_è^#kiXejcXk`fe#
\[lZXk`fe#ÔcdXe[k\c\m`j`fe#jgfikj#Xe[kfli`jd%K_\iXg`[
df[\ie`qXk`fef]k_\Bli[`j_jfZ`\k`\j`jefkfecpZ_Xcc\e^è^
kiX[`k`feXcZfcc\Zk`m\ZlckliXcgXkk\iej#`k`jgifd`jè^Xe\oZ`kè^
]lkli\]fiXcck_fj\èmfcm\[èBli[`jkXe%■
((0
()'
Bli[`jkXeËjdlck`$\k_e`ZjfZ`\kp
With the majority of the population being
Muslim, mosques are a frequently seen
feature of Kurdistan’s landscape
?Xd`k9fqXijcXe#[ì\Zkfif]jkl[`\jXk<?<JJèGXi`j#
\ogcXèj_fnXe[n_p[`]]\iè^Zfddle`k`\j_Xm\
Yifl^_ki\c`^`fljXe[cè^l`jk`ZgcliXc`kpkfk_\I\^`fe
K_\fm\in_\cdè^dXafi`kpf]Bli[`jkXeËjè_XY`kXekjXi\
Bli[`j_$jg\Xbè^Dljc`dj2jk`cc#8iXYXe[FkkfdXe`dg\i`Xc
gXjkjÇXjn\ccXjk_\dXe[Xk\#I\glYc`ZXeXe[9XËXk_`jk
c\^XZ`\jÇ_Xm\j_Xg\[Xi\c`^`fljcpXe[cè^l`jk`ZXccp[`m\ij`Ô\[
ÈBli[`jkXe`ÉjfZ`\kp#Xk\idn_`Z_`jf]k\elj\[YpBli[`j_
èk\cc\ZklXcjXe[gfc`k`Z`Xej%K_\j\[`]]\i\ekîflgj_Xm\
Zfdgc\d\ekXip#p\kjg\Z`ÔZ#_`jkfi`ZXckiXa\Zkfi`\j#îflg
`[\ek`k`\jXe[d\dfi`\j#Xe[#eXkliXccp#Xcjf[`jkèZki\c`^`flj
_`\iXiZ_`\jfij\ZlcXii\gi\j\ekXk`m\j%
8jFiXJ_nXikq$9\Ë\i`ËjdXê`ÔZ\ekYffbK_\A\njf]
Bli[`jkXe1;X`cpC`]\#:ljkfdj#8ikjXe[:iX]kjA\iljXc\d#K_\
@jiX\cDlj\ld#)''' Xkk\jkj#_`jkfi`ZXccp#k_\A\njZfejk`klk\[
fe\f]k_\dfjk`dgfikXekZfdgfe\ekjf]k_\Bli[`jkXe`jfZ`\kp#
Y\]fi\k_\ìd`îXk`fe]ifd@iXhèk_\(0,'jXe[-'j%DXepf]
k_\db\gkXc`m\k_\efjkXc^`Xf]k_\ìfi`^èXc_fd\#Xe[jfd\
d\dY\ijf]k_`j[`XjgfiXi\Xc`q\[Xe\dfk`feXcg`cî`dX^\kf
Bli[`jkXeX]k\ik_\]Xccf]k_\9XËXk_i\^`d\è)''*%
K_\dXk\i`XcZfcc\Zk\[YpDì\ccX>Xcc\kk`:i`jk`Xe`[\c
Bli[`jkXe#Ifd\#Aflm\eZ\#)''* j_fnjk_Xkk_\8jjpi`XejXe[
:_Xc[\Xej#n_fY\cfe^kfk_\fc[\jk:_i`jk`XeZfddle`k`\jèk_\
nfic[#_Xm\XcnXpjfZZlg`\[Xe`dgfikXekgcXZ\èBli[`jkXeËj
liYXeXe[iliXccXe[jZXg\j%DXepd\dY\ijf]k_\j\Zfddle`k`\j#
8iXYXe[FkkfdXe`dg\i`Xc
gXjkj_Xm\j_Xg\[Xi\c`^`fljcp
Xe[cè^l`jk`ZXccp[`m\ij`Ô\[
ÈBli[`jkXe`ÉjfZ`\kp
n_`Z_n\i\m`Zk`djf]dXjj`m\i\gi\jj`fej[liè^k_\cXk\
FkkfdXeg\i`f[Xe[èk_\X]k\idXk_f]@iXhËjè[\g\e[\eZ\è
(0*)#_Xm\gXik`Z`gXk\[èk_\Bli[`j_jkil^^c\j%K_\c\^\e[Xip
g\j_d\i^XÔ^_k\iDXi^Xi\k>\fi^\#n_fnXjb`cc\[èk_$0-'j#
Xe[=iXef`j?Xiì`#n_fg\i`j_\[èXk\iifiXkkXZbè)''(#Xi\
i\d\dY\i\[Xj`dgfikXekgXki`fk`ZÔ^li\jf]@iXh`Bli[`j__`jkfip%
Kf[Xp#k_\j\Zfddle`k`\j_Xm\Y\Zfd\k_\Xk\ijf]X^\elè\
ZlckliXcXe[èk\cc\ZklXci\e\nXc%
Fe\j_flc[Xcjfle[\icè\k_\`dgfikXeZ\f]k_\Bli[`j_
J_`ËXdèfi`kp#befneXj=Xpc`j%9Xi\cp\oZ\\[è^),'#'''g\fgc\#
k_`jZfddle`kpnXjXdfe^k_\Ôijkm`Zk`djf]JX[[Xd?ljj\èËj
gi\j`[\eZp#n_`Z_jkXik\[è(0.0#Xe[dXepn\i\[\gfik\[kf
e\`^_Yfiè^@iXej_fikcpY\]fi\k_\(0/'$//@iXe$@iXhNXi%Jfd\
d\dY\ijf]k_`jZfddle`kpi\dXè\[è@iXeX]k\ik_$''*
>lc]NXi2k_\fk_\ijZXd\YXZbkf@iXhXe[[\Z`[\[kfc`m\\`k_\i
è9X^_[X[fièBli[`jkXe%
K_\P\q`[`jZfejk`klk\p\kXefk_\i[`jkèZki\c`^`flj
Zfddle`kp#èjg`k\f]k_\]XZkk_Xkk_\pXi\\oZclj`m\cpBli[`j_
jg\Xb\ij%8ck_fl^_P\q`[`jd_Xj\o`jk\[XjXj\gXiXk\i\c`^`fe
fecpjèZ\k_\()k_Z\eklip#dXepjZ_fcXijZfej`[\ik_Xk`kj
DXe`Z_\XejfliZ\j^fYXZbkfgi\$@jcXd`Zg\i`f[j%?`jkfi`ZXc
[fZld\ekjXkk\jkk_Xkk_\pn\i\jgfiX[`ZXccpi\gi\jj\[le[\ik_\
FkkfdXeilc\Xe[jfc[XjjcXm\j#Xe[k_\ìgXik`Z`gXk`feèk_\
(0*)i\mfckXcfe^j`[\k_\:_i`jk`XejZfjkk_\d[\Xicp%K_`j
Zfddle`kp#n_fj\g`Zkli\jhl\j_iè\èCXc`j_`jbefnenfic[n`[\#
_XjY\\ei\Z\ekcpY\\ek_\m`Zk`df]k\iifiXkkXZbj#k_\dfjk
[iXdXk`ZY\è^k_fj\[liè^jldd\i)''.èJè[aXi#k_\ìj\Zfe[
dfjk_fcpgcXZ\#n_`Z_b`cc\[jfd\,''g\fgc\%
=èXccp#k_\Bli[`j_jfZ`\kp`jXcjfXcè^l`jk`ZXccpgcliXcfe\#
X]\Xkli\k_Xkfe\ZXe\ogcXèYpXZfeÕ`Zk\[#p\kj_Xi\[#c\^XZp
f][`]]\i\ek\dgì\j#YlkXcjfYpk_\\mfclk`fef]i\Z\ek[\ZX[\j%
DXep8iXYjjfl^_kX[\]XZkfXjpcldèBli[`jkXeX]k\ik_\
)''*nXièfi[\ikf\jZXg\]ifdm`fc\eZ\èk_\8iXYgXikjf]
@iXh%9lkk_\Bli[`j_$8iXYZf\o`jk\eZ\`jdXècpm`j`Yc\èBìblb#
XZ`kpXe[X^fm\iefiXk\k_XknXj8iXY`q\[le[\i9XËXk_ilc\
k_ifl^_[\gfikXk`fef]Bli[`j_è_XY`kXekjXe[#èjfd\ZXj\j#
]fiZ\[èjkXccXk`fef]8iXYjèk_\jflk_%
FYm`fljcp#i\cXk`fejY\kn\\ek_\knfZfddle`k`\j#8iXYj
Xe[Bli[`j_i\klie\\j#_Xm\efkXcnXpjY\\e\Xjp%?fn\m\i#è
jg`k\f]dXepgi\[`Zk`fejÇdX[\dXècpYpk_\@ek\ieXk`feXc
:i`j`j>iflg#n_`Z_]\Xi\[cXi^\$jZXc\èk\i$Zfddle`kXi`Xe
ZfeÕ`ZkÇBìblbjl]]\i\[dlZ_c\jjk_XeDfjlc#9XjiXXe[
9X^_[X[]ifdk_\@iXh$n`[\m`fc\eZ\%
K_\k\ej`fejY\kn\\ek_\Bli[jXe[k_\KliZfdXej#p\k
Xefk_\icè^l`jk`ZZfdgfe\ekf]Bli[`jkXeËj[\dfîXg_`Z
cXe[jZXg\#_Xm\Y\\eiXk_\in\ccdXeX^\[k_ifl^_jb`cc]lc
d\Z_Xe`jdjf]d\[`Xk`fe%K_\KliZfdXe=ifekËjgXe$Klib`jkXe[
gif$8ebXiXjkiXk\^p_Xjgif[lZ\[iXk_\igffii\jlckj#Yfk_è
BìblbXe[è<iY`c#ZXg`kXcf]Bli[`j_I\^`fe%@e]XZk#dXep
KliZfdXegfc`k`Z`Xej_Xm\[\Z`[\[kfZffg\iXk\\`k_\in`k_k_\
Bli[`j_gfc`k`ZXcgXik`\jfin`k_k_\@iXh$n`[\gfc`k`ZXc]fiZ\j%K_`j
Klib`j_$jg\Xbè^Zfddle`kp_Xj`kjfnegfc`k`ZXcgXik`\j#Xjn\ccXj
gi`dXipXe[j\Zfe[XipjZ_ffcjXe[X[\]XZkfZlckliXcXlkfefdp%
K_\dlck`$Zfe]\jj`feXcXe[dlck`$\k_e`Z]\Xkli\jf]
Bli[`jkXe_Xm\Zfeki`Ylk\[kfk_\m\ipj_Xgè^f]k_\gfc`k`ZXc
ZcXjjf]@iXh`Bli[`jkXe%@ek_\)'',$)''0I\^`feXc8jj\dYcp#
i\c`^`fljdèfi`k`\jXe[KliZfdXejn\i\f]]\i\[\`^_kj\Xkj%F]
k_fj\\c\Zk\[è)''0#Ôm\KliZfdXej_Xm\Y\\e\c\Zk\[Xj
i\gi\j\ekXk`m\jf]k_\ìZfddle`kp#Xe[k_\i\c`^`fljZfddle`k`\j
_Xm\Y\\ef]]\i\[jòj\Xkjflkf](((%■
Yezidis from all over the
region gather and picnic
around the Lalish temples
()(
4/523!,,/6%2)2!1
4HEFIRST#OMPANYFOR#ULTUREAND4OURISMIN)RAQI+URDISTAN
www.babel-tours.com
,)6%4(%02%3%.4).4%.3%,9$)6%).4/()34/29
Babel Tours
3HLAMA3TREET!NKAWA)RAQ
0HONECONTACT BABELTOURSCOM
ÊK_\fk_\i@iXhË1XeXi\Xf]
g\XZ\Xe[jkXY`c`kp
Bli[`jkXedXpefkj\\dc`b\XefYm`fljgcXZ\]fiX
mXZXk`fe#Ylkk_\I\^`fe_XjdlZ_kff]]\ik_\
èk\ieXk`feXckiXm\c\i#XjBXi\e;XYifnjbXi\gfikj
DXê`ÔZ\ekdflekXèjZ\e\ip#\m\ek_\gfjj`Y`c`kpf]jb`è^2
XeZ`\ek_`jkfi`ZXcj`k\j#jfd\[Xkè^YXZbkf8c\oXe[\ik_\>i\Xk2
Xe[fe\f]k_\nfic[Ëjcfe^\jk$è_XY`k\[j\kkc\d\ekj#n`k_X]fikkf
gifm\`k%8[[kfk_\j\Xm`YiXekXe[le`hl\Zlckli\#[\c`Z`flj]ff[#
Xe[^\elè\cpn\cZfdè^g\fgc\#Xe[k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fef]@iXh
_Xj\efl^_XkkiXZk`fejkfjXk`j]p\m\ek_\dfjk[`jZ\ieè^kiXm\c\i%
9lk`kjdfjk\e[\Xiè^]\Xkli\`jjX]\kpèXZflekipn_\i\
k_\k_i\Xkf]m`fc\eZ\_XjdX[\kfli`jdmìklXccp`dgfjj`Yc\%8
k_è#i\cXk`m\cpg\XZ\]lcZi\jZ\ekXifle[k_\lgg\ii`df]k_\
Zflekip#\ok\e[è^]ifd;f_lbkf<iY`cXe[JlcX`dXe`X#_Xj
Xccfn\[@iXh`Bli[`jkXekfZfekèl\XjXkiX[`k`feXcXi\Xf]i\]l^\
]ifdk_\_\Xkf]k_\gcXèj]fi]fi\`ê\ij#èZcl[è^kiffgj#
Yljè\jjg\fgc\#Xe[cfZXcj%K_\I\^`fe_XjY\\ei\]\ii\[kfXj
Êk_\fk_\i@iXhË#XeXi\Xf]g\XZ\Xe[jkXY`c`kpn_\i\j`êjf]
[\m\cfgd\ekXe[ZfejkilZk`feXi\\m\ipn_\i\%
K_\Dè`jk\if]Dle`Z`gXc`k`\jXe[Kfli`jd#DiJXdì
8Y[lccX_DljkX]X#`j]fjk\iè^k_\[\m\cfgd\ekf]k_\Õ\[^cè^
kfli`jkè[ljkipYp\eZfliX^è^[ì\Zkèm\jkd\ekèk_\I\^`feËj
è]iXjkilZkli\%?\_X[[`jZljj`fejn`k_L8<èm\jkfijXYflk
kfli`jdgifa\ZkjèA\Y\cJm\eXe[k_\î\\eY\ckk_Xkjliifle[j
k_\Z`kpf]<iY`c%?XY`kXk`jZfejkilZkè^('glYc`ZgXk_jèk_\kfnej
Xe[m`ccX^\jk_Xkn`ccY\klie\[fm\ikfk_\dè`jkip]fic\Xjè^kf
\eki\gi\e\lijkffg\iXk\XjjdXccYljè\jj\j%
LB$YXj\[>\f]]?Xeef]jg\Z`Xc`jkX[m\ekli\kiXm\c
ZfdgXep?èk\icXe[KiXm\cnnn%_èk\icXe[kiXm\c%Zfd `jileeè^
kflijkf@iXh`Bli[`jkXe#Cfe[fe$YXj\[@B9KiXm\cXe[KflijZXe
XiiXe^\Õ`^_kj#Xe[k_\dXaficfZXc_fk\cjÇjlZ_Xjk_\A`pXeè
;f_lb#k_\J_\iXkfeè<iY`c#Xe[k_\8j_k`èJlcX`dXe`XÇZXe
_\cgn`k_j`^_kj\\è^%I\Z\ekifX[$Yl`c[è^`jfg\eè^lgdXep
gcXZ\jf]jZ\e`ZY\Xlkp#Xe[X]i\eqpf]jg\ZlcXk`m\Z_Xc\k$Xe[
_fk\c$Yl`c[è^`jkXbè^gcXZ\èJ_XhcXnX#InXe[lq#Xe[;lbXe%
K_\i\Xi\Xìgfikjfg\iXkè^kfèk\ieXk`feXcjkXe[Xi[j
è<iY`cXe[JlcX`dXe`X#Xe[('$[Xp@iXhBli[`jkXe\ekipg\id`kj
The splendid mountain
scenery at Rwanduz
()*
SPONSORED FEATURE
Kurdish identity and culture close up
Tours to Kurdistan
Kurdistan is a door to various countries,
nationalities and cultures. It borders Turkey,
Syria, Iran and Iraq.
Its religious population is diverse. While
the main religion is Islam, Christianity and
Yezidism are important, too. Assyrian and
Chaldean Christians make up a large minority,
not least because here lies the home of the
origins of Christianity. There is also a small
group of Kurdish Jews living in the province.
The different religious communities live
together in peace.
With their own geographic and spiritual
home, Kurds are now working hard to
preserve their culture and share what their
province has to offer with visitors.
What does Kurdistan have to offer?
Geologically, the province has much to offer.
Southern Iraq and Mesopotamia consist
of a flat desert, but Kurdistan has not only
deserts, but also 2,000m-high mountains.
Terre Entière, Paris
Cultural and spiritual tours
Phone: +33 (0) 1 44 39 03 03
www.terreentiere.com
Visitors can pass from one type of scenery to
another in just a day.
Kurdistan is largely mountainous. The
highest point, at 3,611m, is known as Cheekah
Dar (black tent). These mountains are part of
the Zagros range, which continues on into Iran.
There are also many rivers flowing through
them, including the Zab, which flows from the
east to the west, and the Tigris, which runs
through Kurdistan from Turkey and on to Iraq.
repression. You will encounter the minorities
who inhabit these lands and who form part of
a magnificent human tapestry.
More than 4,000 years ago, Assyria began
a process that was to leave its imprint on the
Middle East as a whole. Fourteen centuries
later, Medes, Babylonians and Scythians
opened a new chapter. During the tour, you will
follow in the traces of a forgotten history and
discover the signs of a cultural renaissance.
Spectacular tours
About Iraqi Kurdistan
Visitors to the province enjoy a mix of culture,
religion and scenery. An eight-day tour from
Terre Entière, the Kurdistan tour specialists
with its subsidiary Babel Tours, provides a rich
variety in what is a very human experience.
You will discover landscapes of breathtaking
beauty, from the deserts in the south to the
mountains in the north and east. You will
see the Kurdish identity and culture close
up – and learn of the often painful and tragic
history of a people that has withstood repeated
By the end of the first Gulf War, the Allies had
established a haven in northern Iraq. After the
withdrawal of Iraqi forces from three northern
provinces, Kurdistan emerged in 1992 as
an autonomous province with its own local
government and parliament. It has since
gained official recognition internationally as
an autonomous federal entity.
Babel Tours, Erbil
Subsidiary of Terre Entière in Iraq
Phone : + 964 (0) 750 719 68 01
www.babel-tours.com
@e@iXh`Bli[`jkXe#k_\jZ\e\ip`jdXê`ÔZ\ek1
jfd\k`d\jnff[\[Xe[nXk\i\[YpkliYlc\ek
jki\Xdj#jfd\k`d\j^XlekXe[YXi\#YlkXcnXpj
[iXdXk`ZXe[Xn\jfd\
Visitors can enter the picturesque
Kurdistan Region via road
Xi\îXek\[feXii`mXc%8]k\ik_Xk#]fi\`ê\ijdljki\^`jk\in`k_
k_\Xlk_fi`k`\j%Bli[`j_`jjgfb\ek_ifl^_flkk_\I\^`fe#Xe[
8iXY`Z`jle[\ijkff[#Ylkpfle^g\fgc\^\e\iXccpgi\]\ikf
jg\Xb<e^c`j_%>fè^feXefi^Xe`q\[kflifi_ìè^X^l`[\n`cc
_\cgjfcm\Zfddle`ZXk`fegifYc\dj%J_Xi\[kXo`jXe[kXo`j]fi
jfc\_ì\Xi\XmX`cXYc\%
@e@iXh`Bli[`jkXe#k_\jZ\e\ip`jdXê`ÔZ\ek1jfd\k`d\j
nff[\[Xe[nXk\i\[YpkliYlc\ekjki\Xdj#jfd\k`d\j^XlekXe[
YXi\#YlkXcnXpj[iXdXk`ZXe[Xn\jfd\%@ejgiè^#k_\[Xqqcè^
Zfcfijf]klc`gj#ifj\j#_pXZèk_j#^cX[`fc`#Xe[[X]]f[`cjXi\
i\Õ\Zk\[èk_\nfd\eËjZfjkld\j%K_\]il`kjXi\nfe[\i]lc#
\jg\Z`XccpZ_\ii`\jXe[gfd\îXeXk\j#Xe[k_\i`m\ijXi\_fd\kf
+'[`]]\i\ekkpg\jf]Ôj_%N`c[YfXij#Y\Xij#_p\eXj#`Y\o\j#_Xi\j#
Xe[c`fejn\i\_lek\[èk_\dflekXèj%
M`j`kfij\ek\iè^k_\Bli[`jkXeI\^`fem`XifX[k_ifl^_
Klib\pZXe^\kXdè`YljfikXo`kfk_\kfnef]QXb_fn`k_`kj
dXê`ÔZ\ek#XeZ`\ek8YYXj`[Yi`[^\%K_\îfnè^Z`kpf];f_lb`j
Xe_fliXnXpXe[ZXeY\lj\[XjXYXj\]fim`j`kè^k_\P\q`[`
k\dgc\f]CXc`j_%@k`jXcjfi\XjfeXYcpZcfj\kfk_\9Xm`Xe^fi^\#
n_`Z_nXjZfejkilZk\[Ypk_\8jjpi`Xejèk_\j\m\ek_Z\eklip9:
kfkiXejgfiknXk\ikfk_\ìfiZ_Xi[j%K_\^fi^\`jcè\[n`k_
flkjkXe[è^8jjpi`Xei\c`\]j%
<iY`cÇfe\f]k_\nfic[Ëjfc[\jkè_XY`k\[Z`k`\j#Ôijk
d\ek`fe\[èk_\)*i[Z\eklip9:Ç`j#kf[Xp#k_\j\Xkf]k_\
Bli[`jkXeI\^`feXc>fm\ied\ek%@k`j[fdèXk\[YpXeXeZ`\ek
Z`kX[\ck_Xk_XjY\\e[\ZcXi\[XLe\jZfNfic[?\i`kX^\J`k\#n`k_
Xdlj\ldf]Bli[`j_k\ok`c\j%K_\>i\\bj#le[\i8c\oXe[\ik_\
>i\Xk#[\]\Xk\[k_\G\ij`XeBè^;Xi`lj@@@èk_\9Xkkc\f]
>Xl^Xd\cXè**(9:#]fl^_k(''bdn\jkf]<iY`c%<oZlij`fej]ifd
k_\Z`kpkfk_\]flik_$Z\eklip:_i`jk`XedfeXjk\i`\jf];\iDXi
DXkk`Xe[DXi9\_eXdXi\gfjj`Yc\%
JlcX`dXe`X#Xdf[\ieZ`kpn`k_\c\^XekjlYliYj#Z_`Zj_fgj#
Xe[ki\\$cè\[Yflc\mXi[j#`jXknf$kfk_i\\$_fliaflie\p]ifd
<iY`c%<e$iflk\`jAXidf#fe\f]k_\\Xic`\jkm`ccX^\jbefnekfdXe#
[Xkè^YXZbkf-'''9:%@kjfeZ\$[i\X[\[i\[j\Zli`kpYl`c[è^
_XjY\\eklie\[èkfXdlj\ldk_Xk`jXi\dè[\if]k_\nfijk
\oZ\jj\jg\ig\kiXk\[X^Xèjkk_\Bli[jYpJX[[XdËji\^`d\#Xj`j
?XcXYaX#k_\j`k\f]k_\Z_\d`ZXcn\XgfejXkkXZbè(0//%
;\jg`k\k_\ìf]k\ekiX^`Z_`jkfip#k_\Bli[j_Xm\e\m\icfjk
k_\ìcfm\f]Z\c\YiXk`fej%EXnilq#k_\e\np\Xi]\jk`mXc#`jljlXccp
Xn\\b$cfe^X]]Xìn`k_YfeÔi\jkfj`ê`]pk_\\e[f]k_\nèk\i
j\Xjfe%Kfli`jkjXi\_fefi\[^l\jkjXkk_\]\jk`m`k`\j#Xe[k_\
î\\kè^\ok\e[\[kfm`j`kfijn_\i\m\ik_\pkiXm\c`jXcnXpj
Èn\cZfd\#n\cZfd\#n\cZfd\É#Xe[`kZfd\j]ifdk_\_\Xik%■
(),
()-
@e[\of]X[m\ik`j\ij
8[[XoG\kifc\ld%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ./
8j`XZ\cc%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%)
8kZfeq%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%+
;EF%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%/
=fiY\jDXe_XkkXe%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% .'
>Xi[XNfic[%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +*
>\e\c<e\i^p@ek\ieXk`feXc%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ..
?Xi[Xd%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% (@=G>iflg%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%,B8I>iflg%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%().
CXe[Ifm\i%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ()/
Cl]k_XejXXe[8ljki`Xe8ìcè\j%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% )+
CpejXZb:fejlckXekjCk[%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%00
DXjj>cfYXc@em\jkd\ek:f%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%0DFC>iflg%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%0'
DfkkDXZ;feXc[%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% /+
Efb`XJ`\d\ejE\knfibj%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% (')
FDM%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% /*
GXijfej9ièZb\i_f]]%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%0,
G\kif]XZ%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%)'
GcXe:f%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%0)
Gi`Z\nXk\i_flj\:ffg\ij%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ((
I\c`XeZ\%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% .+
JZXe`X%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ('.
J_XDXiXeG\kifc\ld%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% /.
J`^dX@ek\ieXk`feXc:fejkilZk`feCC:%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Jg\Zkild%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% (/
Jk\i>iflg%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% (+
K\ii\<ekì\%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ())
N\jk\ieQXîfj%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%.*
:0AST[XeTabb^[dcX^]bc^XcbR[XT]cbc^\êTcWTXa
Tg_[âPcX^]bdRRTbbTbX]c^_a^SdRcX^]aTP[XcXTb
5a^\TPa[h_a^SdRcX^]UPRX[XcXTbc^R^\_[TgVPb
^X[bT_PaPcX^]_[P]cb:0A]PeXVPcTbcWTaTP[XcXTb
Û8aP`P]S_aêXSTbUPbccaPRZb^[dcX^]bc^VTcXcb
R[XT]cbº_a^SdRcX^]c^\PaZTc
:0AºbX]cTVaPcTSP__a^PRWµUa^\T]VX]TTaX]V
c^R^\\XbX^]X]Vc^^_TaPcX^]bµ_aêXSTbPd]X`dT
PSeP]cPVTX]cWT\PaZTc_[PRTFTbcP]SaTPShc^
_aêXSTb^[dcX^]bc^_a^_T[h^dUâfPaSaP_XS[h
P]SbdRRTbbUd[[h

Investment Guide 2011

Transcription

Similar documents

route 5: charlottenburg - Lange Nacht der Wissenschaften

9 B,?0 - Surfers Against Sewage

THE LE S XU - cloudfront.net