Orthographic drawing

DRAWING TYPES
BST12781 Building Communication
Orthographic drawing
o
o
o
ORTHOGRAPHIC
PROJECTION (90o)
= Multiview Drawings
Review drawing types
Development of plans
Development of elevations and sections
OBLIQUE
PROJECTION
(“at an angle” ≠ 90o)
= Paraline / Axonometric / Oblique
Drawings
PERSPECTIVE
PROJECTION
= Perspective Drawings
PAULI Sabine
spauli@cityu.edu.hk
Notes prepared by
Joshua ROBERTS, Sabine PAULI
Source: Francis D.K. Ching, “Design Drawing” p.114
Building Communication 2013 – drawing types
Building Communication 2013 – orthographic projection 2
1
ARRANGEMENT OF VIEWS
PARALINE
DRAWINGS
Source: Yanes & Dominguez,
Freehand Drawing for Architects and Interior Designers
p.56-61
Source: Yanes & Dominguez, Freehand Drawing for Architects and Interior Designers p.56-61
Building Communication 2013 – orthographic projection 3
DRAWING A FLOOR PLAN (1)
Communication Studies 2013 – orthographic projection 4
DRAWING A FLOOR PLAN (2)
Source: Francis D.K. Ching, Architectural Graphics 4th Ed. p.1-86
Source: Francis D.K. Ching, Architectural Graphics 4th Ed. p.1-86
Building Communication 2013 – orthographic projection 5
Building Communication 2013 – orthographic projection 6
FLOOR PLAN
thanks
Source: Bielefeld, Skiba technical drawing. page 8
Drawing with
-Walls, doors, windows
-Structural grid
-Dimensions
-Material
-Section marking
-North arrow
-scale
ROOF PLAN
thanks
Source: Bielefeld, Skiba technical drawing. page 8
Drawing with
-Walls, doors, windows
-Structural grid
-Dimensions
-Material
-Section marking
-North arrow
-scale
Building Communication 2013 – orthographic projection 7
Section marks in floor plans
Building Communication 2013 – orthographic projection 8
FLOOR PLAN
thanks
DESIGN DRAWING
SUBMISSION DRAWING
Source: Jefferis, Madsen (1995)
Architectural drafting and design.
Page 197
Building Communication 2013 – orthographic projection 9
In-class exercise 1 (20min)
Building Communication 2013 – orthographic projection 10
ELEVATION
thanks
Materials: Architect’s scale, H
pencil, eraser, set-squares,
tracing paper, tape
Source: Jefferis, Madsen (1995)
Architectural drafting and design.
Page 66
Instructions:
Block Visualization:
For each of the blocks create three
orthographic projections.
(Roof plan, 2 elevations)
Practicing how to visualize simple
forms will help you later create
plans, sections, and elevations of
your own designs.
Building Communication 2013 – drawing types
11
Building Communication 2013 – orthographic projection 12
First angle and third angle projection
thanks
ELEVATION
thanks
Source: Bielefeld, Skiba technical drawing. Page 11
Drawing with
-Walls, doors, windows, roof
-Drawing with peoples and trees
-Drawing with shadow
-scale
Source: Yarwood, Alfred (1998) An introduction to AutoCAD release 14. Harlow. Longman Page 130, 131
Building Communication 2013 – orthographic projection 13
In-class exercise 2 (20min) and 3
Materials: Architect’s scale, H
pencil, eraser, set-squares,
tracing paper, tape
Building Communication 2013 – orthographic projection 14
SECTION
thanks
Source: Bielefeld, Skiba technical drawing. page 12, 22
Drawing with
-Foundation, Walls, doors, windows, roof
-Dimensions
-Material
-scale
Instructions:
Projecting Plans,
Elevations and Sections:
At a scale of 1:100 draw
1)
Roof plan
2) the south and east elevations of
the building above.
3) Try to project the ground floor
and basic section of this
building based on clues and
information you can gather
from the drawing.
4) Add hatching into your section
and shade into your
elevations
Building Communication 2013 – orthographic projection 15
Section scale 1:100
thanks
Building Communication 2013 – orthographic projection 16
Elevation and section
thanks
Drawing with
-Foundation, Walls, doors, windows, roof
-Dimensions
-Material
-With people for scale and tree
-scale
DESIGN DRAWING
SUBMISSION DRAWING
Source: Bielefeld, Skiba technical drawing. page 58
Source: Eleb-Vidal, Chatelet, Mandoul (1990): Penser L’Habite.
Le Logement en questions. Page 43
Building Communication 2013 – orthographic projection 17
Building Communication 2013 – orthographic projection 18
Drawing conventions
thanks
Assignment 1C
 Difference in perspective and section or elevation
 In elevation or section same scale as the drawing
Student work 2011
Submission
Source: Lockard (2000)
Design drawing. Page 160
Building Communication 2013 – orthographic projection 19
Building Communication 2013 – orthographic projection
thanks
workshop
on doors and windows
Assignment LAYOUT
- Overall layout
- Title block with
- Assignment 1C – manual drafting
- Full name university, Course name, all full names of group members
- Name of the student who has drawn this page
- Drawing number (1C1, 1C2, …….)
- Name of the drawing: for example ground floor plan
- Scale 1:50
For workshop on doors and windows, you will need the
following materials:
Books (or copies) with several details (you will
sketch details from doors and window in different
scale) the details should have full descriptions see
example
Book examples: IN DETAIL (books and
newspaper in Detail (at resource center), books
from Birkhaeuser or Schittich, Herzog, Deplazes,
Neufert, Ramsey, Sleeper, Edward Allen, Reznikoff,
New Metric Handbook, Wakita, Ianl, Watt etc.
Handout from all technical studies lectures on
doors and windows.
Tracing paper or A4 papers or sketch books
Pencil, Felt pens / fineliner of 0.05mm, 01mm,
0.3mm, 0.6/0.7.mm eraser, triangle, scale ruler
Desk with parallel bar (therefore check your desk
before use).
Building Communication 2013 – orthographic projection
This handout was developed exclusively for educational purposes and prepared to accompany BST12781 Building
Communication workshops at City University of Hong Kong. It contains illustrations and text excerpts out of other official
publications which have been named in the bibliography. Original copyright reserved.
bibliography










20
Bielefeld, Bert; Skiba, Isabella (2007): Technical drawing. Basel: Birkhaeuser
Ching, Francis D.K. (2003) Architectural graphics. New York
Ching, Francis D.K. (1998) Design Drawing. New York
Eleb-Vidal, Monique; Chatelet, Anne-Marie; Mandoul, Thierry (1990): Penser L’Habite. Le
Logement en questions. Liege: Piere Mardaga
Jefferis, Alan; Madsen, David (1995): Architectural drafting and design. New York
Lockhard, William Kirby (2000): Design drawing. New York
Miller, Frank C.; Miller, Wilma B.; Moravek, Joseph (2004) Blueprints and plans for HVAC .
Second edition. Delmar Learning New York
Porter, Tom; Goodmann, Sue (1992) Design drawing techniques for architects, graphic
designers & artists. Oxford: Architectural Press
Yanes, Magali Delagado; Domingues, Ernest Redondo. (2005) Freehand drawing for
architects and interior designers. New York
Weston, Richard (2004) Key buildings of the twentieth century: plans, sections and
elevations. New York
Building Communication 2013 – orthographic projection 23
22