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Rock & Roll’s War Against God
Copyright 2015 by David W. Cloud
ISBN 978-1-58318-183-6
This book is published for free distribution in eBook format.
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ii
Table of Contents
Introduction ...........................................................................1
What Christians Should Know about Rock Music ...........5
What Rock Did For Me ......................................................38
The History of Rock Music ................................................49
How Rock & Roll Took over Western Society...............123
1950s Rock .........................................................................140
1960s Rock: Continuing the Revolution ........................193
The Character of Rock & Roll .........................................347
The Rhythm of Rock Music .............................................381
Rock Musicians as Mediums ...........................................387
Rock Music and Voodoo ..................................................394
Rock Music and Insanity..................................................407
Rock Music and Suicide ...................................................429
Rock Music and Violence ................................................441
Rock Music and Drug Abuse...........................................477
Rock Music, Blasphemy, and Antichrist ........................525
Rock Music and Pagan Religion......................................548
Death Metal .......................................................................565
Marilyn Manson ................................................................577
Rapper Confusion .............................................................588
How Christian Homes Produce Rock Rebels ................600
What Is Wrong with Soft Rock? ......................................614
Bibliography on Rock Music ...........................................621
About Way of Life’s eBooks..............................................635
Powerful Publications for These Times ..........................636
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“To the children of the Spiritual Sixties nothing was more
singularly important than addiction to music” (David Di
Sabatino, The Jesus People Movement).
“Rock and Roll has long been an adversary to many of the
basic tenets of Christianity” (Michael Moynihan, Lord’s of
Chaos, p. x).
“I’m dragging the audience to hell with me” (Jerry Lee Lewis,
cited by Nick Tosches, Hellfire, p. x).
“Rock has always been the devil’s music, you can’t convince
me that it isn’t. I honestly believe everything I’ve said—I
believe rock and roll is dangerous. … I feel that we’re only
heralding something even darker than ourselves” (Rock star
David Bowie, Rolling Stone, February 12, 1976, p. 83).
“My true belief about Rock ‘n’ Roll is this: I believe this kind
of music is demonic. … I believe that kind of music is driving
people from Christ. It is contagious” (Little Richard, quoted
by Charles White, The Life and Times of Little Richard, p. 197).
“Atmospheres are going to come through music, because the
music is a spiritual thing of its own. ... You hypnotize people
to where they go right back to their natural state, which is
pure positive—like childhood when you got natural highs.
And when you get people at weakest point, you can preach
into the subconscious what we want to say” (Jimi Hendrix,
interview with Robin Richman “An Infinity of Jimis,” Life
magazine, Oct. 3, 1969).
“I really wish I knew why I’ve done some of the things I’ve
done over the years. I don’t know if I’m a medium for some
outside source. Whatever it is, frankly, I hope it’s not what I
think it is—Satan” (Ozzy Osbourne, Hit Parader, February
1978, p. 24).
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“And that ye may put difference between holy and
unholy, and between unclean and clean” (Leviticus
10:10).
“The fear of the LORD is to hate evil: pride, and
arrogancy, and the evil way, and the froward mouth, do
I hate” (Proverbs 8:13).
“And be not conformed to this world: but be ye
transformed by the renewing of your mind, that ye may
prove what is that good, and acceptable, and perfect,
will of God” (Romans 12:2).
“Abhor that which is evil; cleave to that which is
good” (Romans 12:9).
“And have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of
darkness, but rather reprove them” (Ephesians 5:11).
“Ye adulterers and adulteresses, know ye not that the
friendship of the world is enmity with God? whosoever
therefore will be a friend of the world is the enemy of
God” (James 4:4).
“Love not the world, neither the things that are in the
world. If any man love the world, the love of the Father
is not in him. For all that is in the world, the lust of the
flesh, and the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life, is not
of the Father, but is of the world. And the world passeth
away, and the lust thereof: but he that doeth the will of
God abideth for ever” (1 John 2:15-17).
v
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Introduction
I wrote my first book on rock music* in 1974, less than a
year after I was saved. The title was Mom and Dad Sleep
While the Children Rock in Satan’s Cradle. It went through
three or four editions, but it is long out of print.
Much has changed since then. Rock has grown more
wicked, and Western culture has become permeated with the
spirit of heathenism, demonism, and moral debauchery. The
foundations of biblical Christianity within Western society
have been washed away within the last few decades; and rock
music has been both a reflection of this change and an
instigator of it.
Rock music has doubtless been a major influence in the
dramatic increase in violence, free sex, no fault divorce,
unisexuality, homosexuality, abortion, drug abuse, Satanism,
idolatry, and socialism.
In its “Christian” incarnation, rock plays a major role in
the building of the one-world “church.”
The hour is late and dark. Many Bible prophecies are being
fulfilled before our eyes.
Yet the chorus of voices once lifted against rock has faded
dramatically; only a few isolated voices remain and not many
are listening.
What is wrong with Bible-believing Christians today? How
can this evil be allowed to dwell so comfortably within our
ranks? This book is an effort to awaken those who are
slumbering and to help homes and churches have victory
against a powerful enemy.
Rock music cannot be sanctified for the Lord’s use because
it is fleshly and cannot therefore minister to the spirit. I am
not speaking merely of the words. Rock music fits the bar, the
dance hall, the night club, the gambling den, the house of
prostitution. Rock music fits the devil’s house, but it does not
1
fit the Lord’s house. It was created by rebels who brazenly
love the things that God’s Word says are evil.
The Bible says God is holy, and He requires separation
from that which is unholy:
10:10).
“Sanctify yourselves therefore, and be ye holy: for I am
the LORD your God” (Lev. 20:7).
“Enter not into the path of the wicked, and go not in the
way of evil men. Avoid it, pass not by it, turn from it,
and pass away” (Proverbs 4:14-15).
prove what is that good, and acceptable, and perfect, will
of God” (Romans 12:2).
“Abhor that which is evil; cleave to that which is
good” (Romans 12:9).
“Pure religion and undefiled before God and the Father
is this, To visit the fatherless and widows in their
affliction, and to keep himself unspotted from the
world” (James 1:27).
God” (James 4:4).
“But as he which hath called you is holy, so be ye holy in
all manner of conversation; because it is written, Be ye
holy; for I am holy” (1 Peter 1:15-16).
2
I realize that the world has been taken over by rock music
and that most people accept it unquestioningly, but the
standard for Christian living is not that which pleases men
but that which pleases God.
The Bible warns that “that which is highly esteemed among
men is abomination in the sight of God” (Luke 16:15).
Society changes, but God’s call to separation from
unholiness and the sensual spirit of the world does not
change. The Bible says that God’s people are different from
the world.
“And we know that we are of God, and the whole world
lieth in wickedness” (1 John 5:19).
If something is popular and acceptable in this present age,
it is probable that it does not please God.
“For all that is in the world, the lust of the flesh, and the
lust of the eyes, and the pride of life, is not of the Father,
but is of the world” (1 John 2:16).
In this book we dare again to measure rock music by the
standard of God’s holy Word, just as we did 40 years ago
when we first began seeking God’s holy will.
Our warning about rock is as fervent as it was then, though
the content is updated for a new generation, because the
power of rock to produce rebels and to build the one-world
church has not lessened.
Homes and churches that don’t give clear and persistent
warnings about rock music in all of its forms should not be
3
surprised if their young people are worldly and tend toward
New Evangelical and emerging church thinking.
(* When we speak of rock music we are speaking of heavily
syncopated modern music in general in all of its constantlychanging varieties: blues, rhythm & blues, folk rock, country
rock, pop, jazz, metal, punk, grunge, thrash, indie, techno,
ska, reggae, rave, rap, etc.)
4
What Christians Should Know about
Rock Music
By way of summarizing the information in this book, we
want to begin by listing nine things that Christians should
know about rock music. Only by such education can we make
an informed decision about our relationship to it.
1. It is a moral revolution.
2. It preaches a philosophy of narcissism and
licentiousness.
3. It is permeated with blasphemy.
4. It is the music of false christs.
5. It is condemned by the Bible.
6. It is a fulfillment of Bible prophecy.
7. It is at the heart of the one-world church.
8. It is addictive.
9. The only sure protection is to avoid it.
The Music of Revolution
The first thing every Christian should know about rock
music is that it is not just music and entertainment; it is a
moral revolution. It changed the world, and it created an
ungodly global pop culture.
We live in a society created by rock & roll. You can see the
effect everywhere: in attitude, in fashion, in the generation
gap, in the glorification of sex, in the idolization of pop stars.
Above all, you can see the effect in the “judge not”
philosophy that has become a cultural law. You are not
supposed to say that anything is absolutely wrong. All is
relative.
Most of the following statements about rock being a
revolution are from the rock musicians themselves and from
secular historians.
5
“In a sense all rock is REVOLUTIONARY” (Time
magazine, Jan. 3, 1969).
“We did SHAKE UP THE WORLD” (Graham Nash,
The Sixties: The British Invasion, video documentary,
Fremantle Media, 2014).
“… rock ‘n’ roll is more than just music--it is the energy
center of A NEW CULTURE AND YOUTH
REVOLUTION” (advertisement for Rolling Stone
magazine).
“There’s no way to grasp the SUBVERSIVE FORCE of
this now-innocent-sounding music unless you can feel a
little of what it meant to be a kid hearing it as it was
played for the first time. ... IT WAS TABOOSHATTERING MUSIC” (Michael Ventura, cited by
Richard Powers, The Life of a 1950s Teenager).
“A n e w m u s i c e m e r g e d , a g a i n c o m p l e t e l y
nonintellectual, with a thumping rhythm and shouting
voices, each line and EACH BEAT FULL OF THE
ANGRY INSULT TO ALL WESTERN [CHRISTIAN]
VALUES … their protest is in their music itself as well
as in the words, for anyone who thinks that this is all
cheap and no more than entertainment has never used
his ears” (H.R. Rookmaaker, Modern Art and the Death
of a Culture, pp. 188, 189, 190; Rookmaaker was a
musicologist).
“Rock music has always held SEEDS OF THE
FORBIDDEN. … Rock and Roll has long been an
adversar y to many of the b asi c tenets of
Christianity” (Michael Moynihan, rock historian, Lords
of Chaos, p. x).
“Rock ‘n’ roll marked the beginning of THE
REVOLUTION. … We’ve combined youth, music, sex,
drugs, and rebellion with treason, and that’s a
combination hard to beat” (Jerry Rubin, Do It!, 1970, pp.
19, 249).
6
“The great strength of rock ‘n’ roll lies in its beat … it is
a music which is basically sexual, un-Puritan … and A
THREAT TO ESTABLISHED PATTERNS AND
VALUES” (Irwin Silber, Marxist, Sing Out, May 1965, p.
63).
“… fifties rock was REVOLUTIONARY. It urged
people to do whatever they wanted to do, even if it
meant breaking the rules. … From Buddy [Holly] the
burgeoning youth culture received rock’s message of
freedom, which presaged the dawn of a decade of
seismic change and liberation. … Buddy Holly left the
United States for the first time in 1958, carrying rock ‘n’
roll--the music as well as ITS HIGHLY SUBVERSIVE
MESSAGE OF FREEDOM--to the world at large. …
laying the groundwork for the social and political
upheavals rock ‘n’ roll was instrumental in fomenting in
the following decade” (Ellis Amburn, Buddy Holly, pp. 4,
6, 131).
“Elvis changed our hairstyles, dress styles, our
attitudes toward sex, all the musical taste” (David
Brinkley, NBC News, cited by Larry Nager, Memphis
Beat, p. 216).
Little Richard “freed people from their inhibitions,
unleashing their spirit, ENABLING THEM TO DO
EXACTLY WHAT THEY FELT LIKE DOING” (Life &
Times of Little Richard, p. 66).
Rock music is the heart and soul of an ungodly global pop
culture. It is the soundtrack of the modern youth culture.
Originating in America and England, it spread throughout
the world. In most nations today, young people share the
same philosophy, have the same values, wear the same
fashions, love the same techno gadgets, have the same heroes,
display the same attitude.
Rock music has played a huge part in this global cultural
transformation.
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The Music of Narcissism and Licentiousness
The second thing every Christian should know about rock
music it that it preaches a philosophy of narcissism and
licentiousness.
The rock culture is not morally neutral. Rebellion against
God’s holy laws is not a sideline of rock & roll; it is its heart
and soul.
From its inception in the 1950s and 1960s, rock has
preached moral license. The rock philosophy is the
philosophy of “do your own thing; don’t let anyone tell you
what to do.” It’s the philosophy that lies at the heart of the
self-esteem culture.
Rock preaches the ancient lie that the devil delivered to
Eve: “God’s laws are restrictive; He is keeping you from
enjoying life to the fullest; throw off His yoke and live as you
please; be your own god.”
The rock philosophy is capsulized in many popular rock
songs:
“I’m free to do what I want any old time” (Rolling
Stones, 1965).
“It’s my life and I’ll do what I want/ It’s my mind, and
I’ll think what I want” (The Animals, 1965).
“You got to go where you want to go/ do what you
want to do” (Mamas and Papas, 1966).
“It’s your thing/ do what you want to do” (Isley
Brothers, 1969).
“We don’t need no thought control” (Pink Floyd,
“Another Brick in the Wall,” 1979).
“I’m gonna do it my way. ... I want to make my own
decision ... I want to be the one in control…” (Janet
Jackson, “Control,” 1986).
“Nothing’s forbidden and nothing’s taboo when two
are in love” (Prince, “When Two Are in Love,” 1988).
8
“... the only rules you should live by [are] rules made
up by you” (Pennywise, “Rules,” 1991).
“So what we get drunk/ So what we smoke weed …
Living young and wild and free” (“Young, Wild and
Free,” Snoop Dog and Wiz Khalifa, 2011).
“We can do what we want; we can live as we
choose” (Paul McCartney, “New,” 2013).
“The whole Beatles idea was to do what you
want” (John Lennon, cited by David Sheff, The Playboy
Interviews with John Lennon and Yoko Ono, p. 61).
At the heart of rock music is sexual liberty, which is brazen
rebellion against God’s holy law of marriage. Again we quote
the rock and rollers themselves as evidence for this:
“Rock and roll is the darkness that enshrouds secret
desires unfulfilled, and the appetite that shoves you
forward to disrobe them” (Timothy White, Rock Lives,
p. xvi).
“Everyone takes it for granted that rock and roll is
synonymous with sex” (Chris Stein, Blondie, People,
May 21, 1979).
“Rock music is sex. The big beat matches the body’s
rhythms” (Frank Zappa of the Mothers of Invention,
Life, June 28, 1968).
“The sex is definitely in the music, and sex is in all
aspects of the music” (Luke Campbell of 2 Live Crew).
“Rock ’n’ roll is synonymous with sex and you can’t
take that away from it. It just doesn’t work” (Steven
Tyler of Aerosmith, Entertainment Tonight, ABC, Dec.
10, 1987).
“Rock ‘n’ roll is 99% sex” (John Oates of Hall & Oates,
Circus, Jan. 31, 1976).
“Pop music revolves around sexuality. I believe that if
there is anarchy, let’s make it sexual anarchy rather than
political” (Adam Ant, From Rock to Rock, p. 93).
9
“Perhaps my music is sexy ... but what music with a big
beat isn’t?” (Jimi Hendrix, Henderson, cited from his
biography ‘Scuse Me While I Kiss the Sky, p. 117).
“... rock music has one appeal only, a barbaric appeal
to sexual desire” (Allan Bloom, The Closing of the
American Mind, p. 73).
“Rock ‘n’ roll is sex. Real rock ‘n’ roll isn’t based on
cerebral thoughts. It’s based on one’s lower nature” (Paul
Stanley of KISS, cited from The Role of Rock, p. 44).
“That’s what rock is all about—sex with a 100 megaton
bomb, THE BEAT!” (Gene Simmons of Kiss,
Entertainment Tonight, ABC, Dec. 10, 1987).
“Rock ‘n’ roll is all sex. One hundred percent
sex” (Debbie Harry of Blondie, cited by Carl Belz,
“Television Shows and Rock Music,” The Age of
Communication, Goodyear Publishing Company, 1974,
p. 398).
“We respond to the materiality of rock’s sounds, and the
rock experience is essentially erotic” (Simon Frith,
Sound Effects, New York: Pantheon Books, 1981, p. 164).
The rock world is a sleazy, filthy world. From the 1950s
until today, rock music has been filled with immorality. It is
impossible for a Bible-believing Christian to watch the
Grammys or to read Rolling Stone and other rock magazines
or even to browse the Walmart pop music department or the
pop music section of the Apple iTunes store without seeing
the continual flaunting of nakedness and fornication.
The lives of popular rock musicians have been filled with
profanity, fornication, adultery, multiple marriages,
homosexuality, lesbianism, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, tumult,
covetousness, theft, and suicide.
The rock & roll lifestyle has resulted in countless untimely
deaths. We have documented the early deaths of 1,625 rock
musicians.
10
This doesn’t include the countless lives of ordinary rock
lovers that have been snuffed out because of the rock & roll
lifestyle: drunkenness, drug abuse, reckless driving,
homicide, suicide, etc. The rock lifestyle snuffed out the lives
of many who graduated from my high school class of 1967.
Many more rockers would have died untimely deaths
except they left the rock & roll lifestyle before it killed them.
The message of “do your own thing” is why rock music
creates rebels. It resonates with man’s fallen nature. It
captivated my heart when I was a teenager and led me into a
destructive lifestyle.
Show me a young person in a Bible-believing church who
is listening to rock, and there is a 99% chance that I can show
you a young person who is on a self-centered path to
rebellion.
The Music of Blasphemy
The third thing every Christian should know about rock
music is that it is permeated with blasphemy against God and
the mocking of Christianity.
The blasphemy is not something that is done only by the
most extreme, fringe group of rockers. It is something that is
mainstream. It can be seen from the Beatles to Lady Gaga to
Jay-Z.
The following bands and musicians are praised throughout
the rock world. They are acclaimed by Rolling Stone magazine
and lionized at the Grammy awards. They are praised by
people on the left and right of the political spectrum, by
MSNBC and by FOX News. They are loved by contemporary
Christian musicians.
The Beatles press officer, Derek Taylor, said: “They’re
completely anti-Christ. I mean, I am anti-Christ as well, but
they’re so anti-Christ they shock me which isn’t an easy
thing” (Saturday Evening Post, August 8-15, 1964, p. 25).
11
By age 11, John Lennon was permanently barred from
Sunday services in his aunt’s Anglican church because he
“repeatedly improvised obscene and impious lyrics to the
hymns” (Timothy White, Rock Lives: Profiles and Interviews,
p. 114). He did things even cruder and viler than that, such as
urinate on members of the “clergy” from second floor
windows and display homemade dolls of Christ in lewd
poses.
In his 1965 book A Spaniard in the Works, published by
Simon and Schuster, Lennon portrayed Jesus Christ as Jesus
El Pifico, a “garlic eating, stinking little yellow, greasy fascist
----- Catholic Spaniard.” In this wicked book, Lennon
blasphemed the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit by calling them
“Fahter, Sock, and Mickey Most.”
In his hugely popular song “Imagine” (1971) Lennon
mused: “Imagine there’s no heaven … No hell below us,
above us only sky. … no religion too.” That is a blasphemous
denial of Almighty God and His Holy Word.
In his song “I Found Out,” Lennon exclaimed: “There ain’t
no Jesus gonna come from the sky.”
In the 1970 song “God” from his Plastic Ono Band album,
Lennon stated that he did not believe in God, the Bible, or
Jesus Christ. “I just believe in me/ Yoko and me/ And that’s
reality.”
The blasphemous rock opera Tommy featured rock & roll’s
most famous guitarist, Eric Clapton, plus The Who and Elton
John. Other rockers who have performed in it are Phil
Collins, Patti LaBelle, Steve Winwood, Billy Idol, and Tina
Turner.
Movie reviewer Anthony Hilder called the opera “the most
blatantly anti-Christian movie malignancy ever made, at any
time, anywhere, by any one. … Everything is done to
desecrate Christianity” (Hilder, cited by David Noebel, The
Legacy of John Lennon, p. 45). Tommy depicts the worship of
licentious movie star Marilyn Monroe.
12
Yet Tommy has been very popular and continues to be
performed in many parts of the world to wide acclaim. The
chief curator of the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Museum called
Tommy “one of The Who’s greatest works” (“Tommy: The
Amazing Journey,” Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Mar. 12,
2006). It has been made into a movie, a Broadway musical, an
opera, a ballet, and a television special. The album has sold 20
million copies.
For The Rolling Stones’ Rock ‘n’ Roll Circus tour, Mick
Jagger dressed as the devil, and the band sang “Sympathy for
the Devil.” In many other ways, the Rolling Stones have
mocked God and exalted Lucifer, yet they are one of the most
popular and acclaimed rock bands of all time. “Symphony for
the Devil” was ranked No. 32 in the Rolling Stone magazine’s
“500 Greatest Songs of All Time.” The Rolling Stones have
sold 250 million albums.
Black Sabbath spewed forth a constant stream of abuse and
hatred toward Christ. Their 1989 album was called the
Headless Cross, a blasphemy against Jesus Christ. They placed
inverted crosses on the platform during concerts and called
for the worship of Lucifer. Their song “N.I.B. (Nativity in
Black)” was a love song from Satan, inviting the listener to
“take my hand.” Circus magazine described their music as “a
fascination with evil and the devil.”
Yet Black Sabbath has won two Grammys and sold more
than 70 million records. They have been ranked by MTV as
“the greatest metal band” and by VH1 as No. 2 in its “100
Greatest Artists of Hard Rock” list. In recent years, Black
Sabbath leader Ozzy Osbourne has enjoyed mainstream
acceptance. His reality television show was the most popular
program on MTV in the early 2000s. He was lauded by
President George W. Bush at the 2002 White House
Correspondents Dinner. He has appeared on Jay Leno’s The
Tonight Show.
The Jefferson Airplane song “The Son of Jesus” from the
Long John Silver album was filled with blasphemy. The song
13
claims that Christ’s miracles “go only so far,” that he learned
his “secret” wisdom in Egypt, that he had sexual relations
with Mary Magdalene, and that God the Father was sexually
attracted to Jesus’ daughter. Yet the Long John Silver album
was the 20th most popular album at the time.
AC/DC’s song “Hell’s Bells” says: “if God’s on the left, then
I’m stickin’ to the right! … If you’re into evil, you’re a friend
of mine.” The album Back in Black, on which “Hell’s Bells”
appeared, has sold 50 million copies and is the bestselling
hard rock album of all time. The song “Hell’s Bells” is ranked
at No. 190 on Rolling Stones’ “500 Greatest Songs of All
Time” and No. 2 on VH1’s “Greatest Hard Rock Songs.” The
San Diego Padres baseball team used this vile song as the
theme song for their pitcher Trevor Hoffman.
Madonna blames religion for making her feel guilty about
nakedness and fornication and has dedicated her work to the
eradication of shame. Her hit song “Like a Prayer” combined
prayer and praise of God with fornication. In the video,
Madonna appeared half-naked with a crucifix around her
neck, a burning cross in the background, accompanied by
immoral dancers, while singing about prayer and God.
Advertisements for the Like a Prayer album featured the
mocking words “Lead us into Temptation.”
This video depicts the worship of sex. It would be right at
home in an ancient Babylonian goddess orgy.
Yet the song has sold five million copies, and the video
ranks at No. 2 on VH1’s “100 Greatest Videos.” It has been
widely acclaimed by rock critics, and the Pepsi company used
the song for a commercial.
Bruce Springsteen blasphemously presents rock & roll as
salvation. He has opened concerts with the words, “Welcome
to the first church of the rock, brothers and sisters.” He has
mocked the Christian testimony by telling stories of how he
was going to become a baseball star “until rock and roll saved
him” (People, Sept. 3, 1984, p. 70, cited by The Rock Report, p.
82). Springsteen’s 1999 tour was characterized by this type of
14
blasphemy. “Typical of the pacing was the roof-raising ‘Light
of Day,’ which saw the Rev. Springsteen roaringly promise his
flock ‘the power, the majesty and the ministry of rock ‘n’
roll…’” (USA Today, July 19, 1999, p. 9D).
Yet Springsteen is one of rock’s most popular and bestselling singers. He has won 20 Grammy awards and sold
more than 120 million records.
In the song “(Don’t Need) Religion,” Motorhead sings: “I
don’t need no blind belief/ I don’t need no comic relief/ I
don’t need to see those scars/ I don’t need Jesus Christ
superstar/ Don’t need Sunday television/ You bet your life I
don’t need religion.” The video for Motorhead’s song “Killed
by Death” blasphemously depicted a band member hanging
on a cross with the other band members standing by, dressed
as Roman soldiers.
Yet Motorhead has sold more than 30 million records.
Kurt Cobain, lead singer of Nirvana, spray-painted his
neighborhood with the words “Abort Christ” and “God is
Gay” (“Inside the Heart and Mind of Nirvana,” Rolling Stone,
Apr. 16, 1992). He was obsessed with Satanists William
Burroughs and Anton LaVey.
Yet Cobain is widely acclaimed as a great rock “artist.”
Nirvana has sold 75 million albums and has been called “one
of the most influential and important rock bands.”
In the song “Judas,” Lady Gaga plays Mary Magdalene and
pretends that she is in a love triangle with Jesus Christ and
Judas and ultimately chooses Judas. The filthy video depicts
Mary, Judas, and Jesus together in a hot tub.
Lady Gaga is not only blasphemous, she is one of the
filthiest rockers.
Yet she has sold more than 150 million albums and singles
and has won five Grammys and 13 MTV Video Music
Awards. In 2010, Time magazine named her one of the
world’s most influential people.
15
Marilyn Manson rips up Bibles, burns Bibles, and spits on
pictures of Jesus. He has worn a bracelet with the letters
WWJD, saying that it stands for “We Want Jesus Dead.” He
says, “For me, the idea of Antichrist is an unspoken
knowledge that every person has, and it’s just the denial of
God and the acceptance of yourself as a powerful entity that
can make their own decisions” (cited from Kurt Reighley,
Marilyn Manson, p. 138).
Yet Marilyn Manson was named “Artist of the Year” by
Rolling Stone magazine in 1999.
Many of the popular rockers have expressed love for
Satanist Aleister Crowley, who said, “That religion they call
Christianity; the devil they honor they call God ... I hate and
will destroy” (Crowley, The World’s Tragedy). His philosophy
was “do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the law.” The
Beatles put Crowley’s photo on their Sargent Pepper album,
saying that the photos represented their heroes. Ozzy
Osbourne glorified the Satanist in the song “Mr. Crowley.”
The Doors posed with a bust of Crowley on their album The
Doors 13. Led Zeppelin’s famous guitarist Jimmy Page was a
follower of Crowley, purchasing Crowley’s estate on Loch
Ness and collecting Crowley’s writings. David Bowie referred
to Crowley in his song “Quicksand.” Michael Jackson’s
Dangerous album featured Crowley on the front cover.
Rappers Jay-Z and Tyler the Creator have worn Crowley tshirts. Paradise Lost has used Crowley’s own readings in its
songs.
Black Metal rock is filled with blasphemy. Following are a
few examples:
“The Nazarene will fester in hell!” (“Fight With the
Beast,” Onslaught).
“I deny Jesus Christ, the deceiver” (“The Oath,”
Mercyful Fate).
“Cursed Nazarene! Do nothing king” (“Cursed
Nazarene,” Acheron).
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“There is no truth to the Holy Cross” (“No Believers,”
Sacred Reich).
“The Father, the Son, and Holy Ghost is just somebody’s
unholy hoax” (“Dear God,” XTC).
“God is love and his love is dead” (“I Feel Nothing,”
Immolation).
“Deny resurrection, behead the Nazarene son” (“Behead
the Prophet,” Deicide).
“Only in the darkness of Christ have I realized God
hates us all” (“Darkness of Christ,” Slayer).
Many of the blasphemies are so sick and filthy that they
cannot be repeated.
Yet black metal rock songs receive Grammy awards and are
lauded by rock magazines. For example, Slayer’s vile album
God Hates Us All sold 300,000 copies and was nominated for
a Grammy award.
Rap music is also filled with blasphemy, but it is couched in
such filthy language that most of it can’t be repeated.
Kanye West appeared as a thorn-crowned Jesus on the
cover of Rolling Stone in 2006. His 2013 album was titled
Yeezus, which is a play on West’s nickname Yeezy and the
name Jesus. The cover art depicts West being crowned king by
angels. In the song “I Am a God,” he raps, “I just talked to
Jesus, and he said, ‘What up, Yeezus?”
Jay-Z mocks Jehovah God as “Hova” and calls himself “JayHova.”
In his song “Amen,” Meek Mills mockingly thanks God for
all sorts of immoral things and likens fornication to church.
Lil B has an alter ego called “Based God.” In “I’m the
Devil,” he sings, “I’m Satan, I make deals and death wishes/ I
hate Based God, want to put him on the guest list.” Lil B is
depicted crucified on a cross on the cover of his Angels
Exodus album.
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In “Sandwiches,” Tyler the Creator (real name Tyler
Okonma) curses the church and sings, “You told me God has
the answer/ When I ask him for ----, I get no answer, so God
is the cancer.” In another song, he says that the devil is his
father.
On “Live at the Barbeque,” Main Source sings, “When I
was twelve/ I went to hell for snuffing Jesus.”
On “Deadly Combination (Remix),” Tupac Shakur (2Pac)
and Notorious B.I.G. cursed Jehovah and sang about raping
and killing Mary. Tupac also appeared on a cross on the cover
of his Makaveli album.
Tupac was shot to death in 1996 at age 25, and Notorious
B.I.G. was shot to death in 1997 at age 24.
The blasphemous rap song “Deadly Combination”
appeared on Big L’s album The Big Picture. Big L sang about
raping Christ in “Danger Zone.” Another Big L album was
titled Return of the Devil’s Son. Big L was shot to death in
1999 at age 23.
On “Pearly Gates,” 50 Cent sang about going to the pearly
gates and having “a beef ” with the “Boss Man” and beating
“his only Son.”
In spite of their blasphemy, these rappers have been highly
acclaimed and their records have sold by the millions.
These are only a very few examples of how that blasphemy
has played an integral part of rock & roll. Prominent rockers
are angry at the holy Creator God, and it comes out in their
lives and their music.
The Music of False Christs
The fourth thing every Christian should know about rock
music is that it is the music of false christs and antichrist.
Even when rockers talk positively about Christ, it is not the
Christ of the Bible.
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The Bible warns about false christs. Even in the first
century, the churches were in danger of being seduced by
false christs and antichrists.
“But I fear, lest by any means, as the serpent beguiled
Eve through his subtilty, so your minds should be
corrupted from the simplicity that is in Christ. For if he
that cometh preacheth another Jesus, whom we have not
preached, or if ye receive another spirit, which ye have
not received, or another gospel, which ye have not
accepted, ye might well bear with him” (2 Corinthians
11:3-4).
“Little children, it is the last time: and as ye have heard
that antichrist shall come, even now are there many
antichrists; whereby we know that it is the last time” (1
John 2:18).
“Beloved, believe not every spirit, but try the spirits
whether they are of God: because many false prophets
are gone out into the world” (1 John 4:1).
Rock’s christ is the Hindu christ that George Harrison
sang about in “My Sweet Lord.” Many of the popular rockers
have been influenced by Hinduism as we have documented
in Rock Music against God.
Rock’s christ is the sinning christ of the rock opera Jesus
Christ Superstar, who is a confused, doubting, fearful man, a
man who dies for his own sin and does not rise from the
dead. Jesus Christ Superstar has been widely acclaimed in the
pop society. It has been shown in more than 30 countries and
continues to be performed decade after decade. The album
topped the U.S. pop charts in 1971 and has sold millions of
copies. When the movie was released in 1973, it was the
eighth highest grossing movie of the year.
Rock’s christ is the New Age christ of Dolly Parton. “To
me, God is that greater, higher energy ... It’s that thing in all
of us that we have to draw from. I’ve always trusted God and
trusted myself, which to me are intertwined” (“The Gospel
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according to Dolly Parton,” interview with Rick Clark,
Mixonline.com, Aug. 2, 2002).
Rock’s christ is the non-judgmental christ of The Shack.
Rock & rollers love the novel The Shack. It has sold more than
18 million copies and has been translated into 30 languages.
It is supposedly about the triune God, yet the God-Christ in
The Shack did not die for man’s sin, is neither male nor
female, does not require repentance, and will not send
anyone to hell. He/she puts “no obligations” on anyone. He/
she is cool and loves rock & roll.
Rock’s christ is a pop psychology, positive-thinking
christ. If you listen to the testimony of popular rockers who
claim to “believe in Christ,” you will often hear them describe
their faith in terms of positive thinking. Their faith is an
eclectic thing composed of various elements borrowed from
the Bible, New Age, and pop psychology. This is true of
Johnny Cash, Kris Kristofferson, Carl Perkins, Roy Orbison,
Elvis Presley, and countless others. Orbison turned to Peale’s
The Power of Positive Thinking and similar books to overcome
his alcohol addiction and to find healing for cancer (Alan
Clayson, Only the Lonely). Elvis constructed “a personalised
religion out of what he’d read of Hinduism, Judaism,
numerology, theosophy, mind control, positive thinking and
Christianity” (Hungry for Heaven, p. 143).
God’s people are exhorted to walk in wisdom and not to be
gullible and easily deceived. Just because someone talks about
loving Jesus does not mean that they love the Jesus of
Scripture.
“Beloved, believe not every spirit, but try the spirits
whether they are of God: because many false prophets
are gone out into the world” (1 John 4:1).
Music Condemned by the Bible
The fifth thing every Christian should know about rock
music is that it is condemned by the Bible.
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We have examined the character of rock music briefly. We
have seen that it is permeated with rebellion and
lasciviousness. It is the music of do whatever you please. It is
the music of blasphemy. Indeed, it is the music of “sex, drugs,
and rock and roll.” As former Christian rocker Dan Lucarini
says:
“Rock and roll is a musical style that was created for
immoral purposes by immoral men, and has always
been used by the world to express its immoral attitudes
in song” (Why I Left the Contemporary Christian Music
Movement, p. 68).
That being the case, the Bible has a lot to say about rock
music!
The following are some of the Scriptures that God used to
show me when I was a young Christian that rock is not His
will. I am more convinced of that today than ever:
10:10).
“Blessed is the man that walketh not in the counsel of
the ungodly, nor standeth in the way of sinners, nor
sitteth in the seat of the scornful” (Psalm 1:1).
“I have not sat with vain persons, neither will I go in
with dissemblers. I have hated the congregation of evil
doers; and will not sit with the wicked. I will wash mine
hands in innocency: so will I compass thine altar, O
LORD” (Psalm 26:4-6).
“I will set no wicked thing before mine eyes: I hate the
work of them that turn aside; it shall not cleave to
me” (Psalm 101:3).
“Therefore I esteem all thy precepts concerning all things
to be right; and I hate every false way” (Psalm 119:128).
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“Enter not into the path of the wicked, and go not in the
way of evil men. Avoid it, pass not by it, turn from it,
and pass away” (Proverbs 4:14-15).
“Keep thy heart with all diligence; for out of it are the
issues of life. Put away from thee a froward mouth, and
perverse lips put far from thee. Let thine eyes look right
on, and let thine eyelids look straight before thee.
Ponder the path of thy feet, and let all thy ways be
established. Turn not to the right hand nor to the left:
remove thy foot from evil” (Proverbs 4:23-27).
“Forsake the foolish, and live; and go in the way of
understanding” (Proverbs 9:6).
“He that walketh with wise men shall be wise: but a
companion of fools shall be destroyed” (Proverbs 13:20).
“Depart ye, depart ye, go ye out from thence, touch no
unclean thing; go ye out of the midst of her; be ye clean,
that bear the vessels of the LORD” (Isaiah 52:11).
prove what is that good, and acceptable, and perfect, will
of God” (Romans 12:2).
“Let love be without dissimulation. Abhor that which is
evil; cleave to that which is good” (Romans 12:9).
“Now these things were our examples, to the intent we
should not lust after evil things, as they also lusted” (1
Corinthians 10:6).
“Wherefore, my dearly beloved, flee from idolatry” (1
Corinthians 10:14).
“Ye cannot drink the cup of the Lord, and the cup of
devils: ye cannot be partakers of the Lord's table, and of
the table of devils” (1 Corinthians 10:21).
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“Be not deceived: evil communications corrupt good
manners” (1 Corinthians 15:33).
“Be ye not unequally yoked together with unbelievers:
for what fellowship hath righteousness with
unrighteousness? and what communion hath light with
darkness? And what concord hath Christ with Belial? or
what part hath he that believeth with an infidel? And
what agreement hath the temple of God with idols? for
ye are the temple of the living God; as God hath said, I
will dwell in them, and walk in them; and I will be their
God, and they shall be my people. Wherefore come out
from among them, and be ye separate, saith the Lord,
and touch not the unclean thing; and I will receive you,
And will be a Father unto you, and ye shall be my sons
and daughters, saith the Lord Almighty” (2 Corinthians
6:14-18).
“Having therefore these promises, dearly beloved, let us
cleanse ourselves from all filthiness of the flesh and
spirit, perfecting holiness in the fear of God” (2
Corinthians 7:1).
“This I say therefore, and testify in the Lord, that ye
henceforth walk not as other Gentiles walk, in the vanity
of their mind, Having the understanding darkened,
being alienated from the life of God through the
ignorance that is in them, because of the blindness of
their heart: Who being past feeling have given
themselves over unto lasciviousness, to work all
uncleanness with greediness. But ye have not so learned
Christ; if so be that ye have heard him, and have been
taught by him, as the truth is in Jesus: That ye put off
concerning the former conversation the old man, which
is corrupt according to the deceitful lusts; and be
renewed in the spirit of your mind; and that ye put on
the new man, which after God is created in
righteousness and true holiness” (Ephesians 4:17-24).
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“Abstain from all appearance of evil” (1 Thessalonians
5:22).
“For the grace of God that bringeth salvation hath
appeared to all men, teaching us that, denying
ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly,
righteously, and godly, in this present world” (Titus
2:11-12).
“Pure religion and undefiled before God and the Father
is this, To visit the fatherless and widows in their
affliction, and to keep himself unspotted from the
world” (James 1:27).
God” (James 4:4).
“Dearly beloved, I beseech you as strangers and
pilgrims, abstain from fleshly lusts, which war against
the soul” (1 Peter 2:11).
“For the time past of our life may suffice us to have
wrought the will of the Gentiles, when we walked in
lasciviousness, lusts, excess of wine, revellings,
banquetings, and abominable idolatries: Wherein they
think it strange that ye run not with them to the same
excess of riot, speaking evil of you: Who shall give
account to him that is ready to judge the quick and the
dead. For for this cause was the gospel preached also to
them that are dead, that they might be judged according
to men in the flesh, but live according to God in the
spirit. But the end of all things is at hand: be ye therefore
sober, and watch unto prayer” (1 Peter 4:3-7).
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“Little children, keep yourselves from idols” (1 John
5:21).
The Bible unequivocally requires that God’s people
separate from the present evil world system that was created
by rebels after the fall and that is energized by the “god of this
world.”
The world system is characterized by “the lust of the flesh,
and the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life,” and a better
description of the world of rock & roll has never been
penned!
We have seen that the rock world is filled with idolatry,
blasphemy, lasciviousness, and rebellion. There is nothing
godly about it. Rock has been an instrument of the devil since
its inception.
I am convinced that if God’s people should not separate
from rock & roll, they should not separate from anything.
It is instructive that when professing Christians stop
separating from rock, they tend to stop the practice of
separation altogether.
Believers are to love the people of the world, as God does,
and to seek to lead them to Christ, but they are not to love
any of the evil things of the world. They are not to love the
proud attitude of the world, the humanistic thinking of the
world, the unholy ways of the world.
This is how Christ lived. He was a friend of sinners, but at
the same time He was always “separate from sinners” in that
He was ever holy and undefiled (Hebrews 7:26). Christ loved
sinners and came to save sinners, but He never sinned with
sinners. He wasn’t a “party Christ.” He preached the gospel,
called for repentance, and warned about hell, which would
put an end to any worldly party!
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A Fulfillment of Bible Prophecy
The sixth thing every Christian should know about rock
music is that it is a fulfillment of Bible prophecy.
It is a fulfillment of Psalm 2.
“Why do the heathen rage, and the people imagine a
vain thing? The kings of the earth set themselves, and
the rulers take counsel together, against the LORD, and
against his anointed, saying, Let us break their bands
asunder, and cast away their cords from us” (Psalm
2:1-3).
This prophecy says that the world will unite in rebellion
against God and Christ. The Hebrew word translated
“anointed” in Psalm 2:2 is translated Messiah in Daniel 9:25,
which is Christ in Greek.
The world will call for the throwing off of God’s “bands”
and “cords,” which refers to His holy laws. That describes the
attitude of 99% of popular rockers.
Rock is also a fulfillment of 2 Timothy 3:1-5.
“This know also, that in the last days perilous times shall
come. For men shall be lovers of their own selves,
covetous, boasters, proud, blasphemers, disobedient to
parents, unthankful, unholy, without natural affection,
trucebreakers, false accusers, incontinent, fierce,
despisers of those that are good, traitors, heady,
highminded, lovers of pleasures more than lovers of
God; Having a form of godliness, but denying the power
thereof: from such turn away.”
This passage is a perfect description of the modern rock
culture.
It is a society in love with itself -- “men shall be lovers of
their own selves.” Self-love and self-esteem is the heart and
soul of the global pop culture. Kim Kardashian’s new book,
titled Selfish, features 2,000 selfies!
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It is a covetous society. Pursuing wealth and spending
money and obtaining possessions is one of the cardinal
passions of the global rock culture.
It is a society that is proud and arrogant. This is
emphasized three times in the prophecy -- “… proud …
heady, highminded.” The arrogance of the rock culture is
evident in its attitude, its thinking, and its ways. It is a
strutting, prancing, pruning culture.
It is a society that is disobedient to parents. From its
inception, rock music has called on young people to rebel
against their parents.
It is a society that is unthankful. Never have people had
more to be thankful for, and never have they been more
unthankful!
It is an unholy society that is filled with every evil thing.
“… unholy ... truce breakers, false accusers ... fierce … traitors.”
The rock culture sings about love and peace and justice, but
the reality is unholiness, lying, covenant breaking, anger,
violence. Most of the prominent rockers can’t even keep their
marital vows or have peace in their own homes.
It is an incontinent society. The modern pop culture has
no self-control. It is a drunken, drug-drenched, debt-laden
society. In 2014, the World Health Organization reported that
3.3 million people die each year because of alcohol
consumption. Among people between the ages of 15-59,
alcohol misuse is the leading factor for premature death and
disability. In America, 40% of college students engage in
binge drinking; there are 1.4 million drunk-driving arrests;
13,000 people are killed by drunk drivers; and four million
people are treated for substance abuse. Between 2002 and
2009, more than 92,000 young people under 18 were
admitted to British hospitals for alcohol-related conditions.
An estimated 60% of Australian youth aged 12-17 drink
alcohol, and 3.7 million Australians drink excessively. And
we haven’t even mentioned rampant drug abuse!
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It is a society without natural affection. The evidence of
this is on every hand. It is a society that mocks its fathers and
kills its unborn children.
It is a society that despises those who are good. Rockers
sing about God and religion, but they despise those who live
and preach absolute truth and holiness.
It is a society that loves pleasure more than God. The
modern pop culture is drunk on pleasure. It spends billions
of dollars on entertainment. Sports stars and entertainment
figures are the modern gods. They become filthy rich and are
idolized by society. In October 2014, Courtney Plunk of the
PoliTech organization took an interview survey called
“Politically Challenged” among students at Texas Tech
University. Many of them did not know who won the
American Civil War or from whom America gained her
independence and when or who the current vice president is,
but all of them knew the names of movie star Brad Pitt’s
wives.
In all of these ways, rock music and the pop culture it has
helped to create are a fulfillment of Bible prophecy. God’s
Word has nothing good to say about it.
The Heart of the Apostasy
The seventh thing every Christian should know about rock
music is that it is at the heart and soul of end-time apostasy
and the one-world church.
Rock music was baptized by the 1960s “Jesus People.” It is
called Christian rock and contemporary Christian music, and
it is the heart of the end-time, one-world “church.” Everyone
uses the same music, from Baptists to Catholics.
The one-world church is described in Revelation 17.
“And there came one of the seven angels which had the
seven vials, and talked with me, saying unto me, Come
hither; I will shew unto thee the judgment of the great whore
that sitteth upon many waters: With whom the kings of the
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earth have committed fornication, and the inhabitants of the
earth have been made drunk with the wine of her fornication.
So he carried me away in the spirit into the wilderness: and I
saw a woman sit upon a scarlet coloured beast, full of names
of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns. And the
woman was arrayed in purple and scarlet colour, and decked
with gold and precious stones and pearls, having a golden
cup in her hand full of abominations and filthiness of her
fornication: And upon her forehead was a name written,
MYSTERY, BABYLON THE GREAT, THE MOTHER OF
HARLOTS AND ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH. And I
saw the woman drunken with the blood of the saints, and
with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus: and when I saw her, I
wondered with great admiration. ... And he saith unto me,
The waters which thou sawest, where the whore sitteth, are
peoples, and multitudes, and nations, and tongues” (Rev.
17:1-6, 15).
This religious harlot will come into full existence during
the Tribulation, when she will align with the beast, the
antichrist, but she is taking shape today, and we can see some
of her chief characteristics in this passage.
The one-world church is immoral (“fornication,” v. 2). We
have documented the immorality that permeates
Contemporary Christian Music. It is evident in the sexuality
of its music, in the immodesty of its dress, in rampant broken
marriages, in the “don’t tell me how to live” attitude.
Consider the fact that divorce is rampant. Just a few of the
divorced and/or adulterous CCM musicians are Steve Camp,
Bob Carlisle, Ralph Carmichael, Eddie Degarmo, Michael
English, Amy Grant, Stacy Jones, Ray Boltz, Dana Key, Mylon
LaFevre, Sandi Patty, Kevin Prosch, Randy Thomas, John
Michael Talbot, Greg Volz, Sheila Walsh, Jaci Velasquez,
Wayne Watson, Larry Norman, Randy Stonehill, and Deniece
Williams.
Consider the rapidly growing acceptance of homosexuality.
In 1998, CCM star Kirk Franklin said that “homosexuality ...
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is a problem today in gospel music--a MAJOR CONCERN-and everybody knows it” (Church Boy, pp. 49, 50). Marsha
Stevens, author of the popular song “For Those Tears I Died
(Come to the Water)” and co-founder of Children of the Day,
one of the first Contemporary Christian Music groups, left
her husband in 1979 because she had “fallen in love with a
woman.” She started her own label called BALM (Born Again
Lesbian Music) and performs between 150 and 200 concerts
a year. She has a program called “upBeat” through which she
produces a praise and worship album annually with a variety
of singers and songwriters. Stevens’ lesbian praise music
ministry is recommended by Mark Allen Powell, Professor of
New Testament at Trinity Lutheran Seminary and the author
of An Encyclopedia of Contemporary Christian Music.
In 2002, Marsha Stevens attended a Bill Gaither
Homecoming concert with her lesbian lover, and Gaither
made a point of telling the crowd that she was there and
singing her song “Come to the Water.” After the concert,
Gaither and Mark Lowry had their photo taken with Marsha
and her lesbian lover. Lowry told Stevens that he was proud
of her and that he wished “the fundamentalist would find
Jesus. They’re going to have a lot to answer for, leaving out
people that Jesus died for” (Marsha Stevens, “New Years Eve
2002 with Bill Gaither,” www.christiangays.com). Thus it
appears that Lowry’s christ is a non-judgmental christ who
does not require repentance from sin.
Other CCM artists who have come out as homosexual
include Ray Boltz, Anthony Williams, Kirk Talley, Clay
Aiken, Doug Pinnock, Amy Ray and Emily Saliers of Indigo
Girls, Vicky Beeching, and Jennifer Knapp. In June 2013,
Sandi Patty performed with the homosexual Turtle Creek
Chorale. In April 2014, Dan Haseltine of the popular CCM
band Jars of Clay announced his support for “gay marriage.”
In an interview in October 2014, Brian Houston, pastor of
Hillsong Church in Sydney, Australia, which birthed Hillsong
worship music, refused to give a definitive answer when
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asked to clarify his stand on “same sex marriage” (Jonathan
Merritt, “Hillsong’s Brian Houston says church won’t take a
public position,” Religion News Service, Oct. 16, 2014). Carl
Lentz, pastor of Hillsong New York City, told CNN that
Hillsong has “a lot of gay men and women in our church and
I pray we always do.” In the same interview, Hillsong New
York’s co-pastor, Laura Lentz, told CNN, “It’s not our place to
tell anyone how they should live.”
So the first prominent characteristic of the one-world
church is its worldly sensuality.
Another major characteristic is its alliance with Rome. At
the heart of the one-world church is the Roman Catholic
Church (“sitteth upon many waters … arrayed in purple and
scarlet ... having a golden cup ... drunken with the blood of
the saints,” vv. 1, 4, 6). The one-world church is also
composed of the daughters of Rome, as she is “the mother of
harlots” (v. 5). These are the denominations and professing
Christians that associate with Rome and are of the same
apostate spirit as Rome.
We see the alliance with Rome everywhere today. It is seen
in ecumenical endeavors such as the World Council of
Churches, the National Council of Churches, and local clergy
associations. It is seen in the United Bible Societies. It is seen
in the ecumenical evangelism which was pioneered by Billy
Graham. It is seen in the Evangelical-Catholics Together
program.
And it is seen in the intimate connection between
Contemporary Christian Music and Rome.
The popular song “We Are One in the Spirit” was written
by Catholic priest Peter Scholtes.
Michael W. Smith performed at the Catholic World Youth
Day in 1993.
Darlene Zschech and Hillsong have sung in Catholic
forums.
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John Michael Talbot’s albums were the first by a Catholic
artist to be accepted by both Protestant and Catholic
listeners. In 1988, Billboard magazine reported that Talbot
out-ranked all other male Christian artists in total career
albums sold.
In 1984, Talbot said: “I am also feeling the presence of
Mary becoming important in my life. ... I feel that she really
does love me and intercedes to God on my
behalf ” (Contemporary Christian Music Magazine, November
1984, p. 47).
The “evangelical” Michael Card and the Roman Catholic
Talbot perform concerts and publish albums together. Card
said, “The denominational lines have become really
meaningless to me, and to John, too” (CCM Magazine, 1996).
Kathy Troccoli is a Roman Catholic CCM artist who builds
ecumenical bridges. Forty prominent CCM musicians of all
denominations sang on her 1997 ecumenical album.
Mat Maher is another Roman Catholic CCM bridge
builder. He calls himself a “musical missionary” to unite
Protestants and Catholics” (Christianity Today, Oct. 27,
2009). He prays to Mary, accepts her as the Queen of Heaven,
and believes that she aids in salvation. Maher’s wife is
Methodist, and they are raising their son in both churches “so
he can experience both traditions” (RNS, May 17, 2013).
In July 2012, the “conservative” Keith and Kristyn Getty
joined Roman Catholic Maher on NewSongCafe to promote
ecumenical unity.
This is the one-world church!
It is taking shape today in preparation for the scenes
described in Revelation 6-19.
The end-time apostasy is also prophesied in 2 Timothy
4:3-4. This passage describes the preparation for the oneworld church of Revelation 17, and the preparation is
happening today.
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“For the time will come when they will not endure
sound doctrine; but after their own lusts shall they heap
to themselves teachers, having itching ears; and they
shall turn away their ears from the truth, and shall be
turned unto fables” (2 Timothy 4:3-4).
This is a Christianity that turns away its ears from the old
Bible paths.
It is a Christianity that loves fables (such as Mary
veneration, the mass, charismatic gibberish tongues, and
“music is amoral”).
It is a Christianity that lives according to its own lusts.
It is a Christianity that itches for new things.
This is the Christianity we see everywhere today!
Those who use CCM, build bridges to this world of endtime apostasy, and nothing could be more dangerous for a
Bible-believing individual, home, or church.
Music That Is Addictive
The eighth thing every Christian should know about rock
music is that it is addictive and creates sensual appetites.
Rock music, even soft rock, creates a taste for sensual
music and acts like a musical drug. This is why it inevitably
brings changes.
Consider the testimony of rock & rollers themselves:
“Rock ’n’ roll is like a drug” (Neil Young, cited by
Mickey Hart, Spirit into Sound).
“Rock music is the strongest drug in the
world” (Steven Tyler of the group Aerosmith, Rock Beat,
Spring 1987, p. 23).
“I’ve been STONED ON THE MUSIC many
times” (Timothy Leary, Politics of Ecstasy, 1968).
Describing how she felt when attending her first big
rock concert, Janis Joplin said: “I couldn’t believe it, all
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that rhythm and power. I got stoned just feeling it, like
IT WAS THE BEST DOPE IN THE WORLD. It was
SO SENSUAL...” (Joel Dreyfuss, “Janis Joplin Followed
the Script,” Wichita Eagle, Oct. 6, 1970, p. 7A).
“Modern music is as dangerous as cocaine” (Pietro
Mascagni, Italian composer, (Slonimsky’s Book of
Musical Anecdotes).
“To the children of the Spiritual Sixties nothing was
more singularly important than addiction to
music” (David Di Sabatino, The Jesus People Movement).
Rock is made up of many types of syncopation, but they all
have the same effect on the body.
The sensual dance rhythm of rock music has addictive
power. It matters not whether it is soft or hard, quiet or loud.
It matters not if it is played on an acoustic guitar, a piano, or
an electric bass.
Dan Lucarini, a former contemporary worship leader, led
churches from using traditional hymns to a contemporary
worship program, and in the book Why I Left the
Contemporary Christian Music Movement, he describes how
he did it.
The key was starting out with soft rock, which acts as an
addictive, transformative influence on the congregation.
“In reality, what happens over time is a steady slide
down the slippery slope, away from all traditional music
into the latest, ‘edgiest’ contemporary styles. ...
Contemporary always prevailed over Traditional,
because it fed the sinful desire of our flesh” (Lucarini,
pp. 119, 122).
Graham West, who was associated with the pop music
industry before he was a pastor, issued the same warning:
“Once you begin listening to soft rock, you begin sliding
down that slippery slope to the more aggressive forms of
rock. SOFT ROCK BEGINS TO ORIENT THE
WHOLE WAY OF PERCEIVING MUSIC AROUND
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RHYTHM and away from melody. Your musical
interest will change. Hymns will seem dull in
comparison to your newly acquired tastes. It’s a
progression I’ve seen over and over again in the lives of
Christians. IT’S A DOWNWARD SPIRAL. It happens
in the lives of individuals; it happens in the lives of
families; it happens in the lives of churches.
“There is a GRAY AREA OF IGNORANCE ABOUT
THE POWER OF POP SYNCOPATION. And the
devil, taking advantage of this, being not only the
master musician but also the master of subtlety, comes
along to a strong fundamental church or a Bible college
and he offers his wares of CCM rock ballads. It sounds
great. There’s no drums, no wild electric guitars, no
obvious back beat, just the piano or guitar and the
singer. And it’s almost the same as the songs that they
used to sing, except the rhythm kind of trips a little bit.
But that’s O.K. because it’s exciting, and the young
people love it. The problem is that when the rhythm
does that little trip it means that the music contains a
basic, distinctive rhythmic feature of all rock & roll since
its inception in the 1950s. In this way, before you’ve
even known it, you’ve been deceived by the subtle
strategy of Satan. This is the blind spot that Satan is
using to his advantage. He knows that once a church
accepts rock ballads, complete capitulation is almost
inevitable.
“In the case of vigilant, serious-minded Christians, he
has to start them up at the very top of the slope with
very gentle rock so that the conscience doesn’t scream
out, ‘This music is wrong!’ Just as long as he can get you
started, he has won, because JUST LIKE A DRUG
PUSHER HE KNOWS THAT HIS USERS WILL
WANT MORE AND MORE OF THAT SENSUAL
RHYTHM” (Graham West, The Rhythm of Rock).
Many churches that are adapting CCM think they are
removing the “rock” from Christian rock, but they are
35
actually just toning it down to “soft rock.” They are
unwittingly addicting their people to the rock sound, and this
addiction is insatiable.
Separation is the Protection
The eighth thing every Christian should know about rock
music is that the only sure protection is to avoid it.
The danger here is addiction and incrementalism. Rock
music, both secular and “Christian,” is a slippery slope. It is a
bridge to dangerous things.
Like alcohol, the only safe position is abstinence.
Abstinence is the only safe position with “secular” rock.
There are fairly innocent soft rock songs, such as some of the
songs by Peter, Paul, and Mary, but there is danger in messing
with any of it. Wise churches and parents will do everything
possible to keep their young people away from every form of
rock. Parents and church leaders must show the way in their
own lives.
Abstinence is also the only safe position with “Christian”
rock. The safe and wise line to draw with Christian music is to
avoid any hint of CCM. If you don’t take the first drink, you
will never be a drunkard. Likewise, if you don’t use any kind
of CCM, you will never be sucked into its influence. You will
never be drawn to dangerous things. If there is a slippery
slope, the only sure protection is not to get on it.
There is a dangerous “gold nugget in a manure pile”
philosophy.
A church music leader wrote to me and said:
“I hold out hope that even a pony can find a gold nugget
in a pile of manure. If a contemporary artist writes a
song that has theologically solid lyrics and a timeless
melody and that song is rearranged appropriately to
remove any hint of pop/rock beats and stylings, I am not
100% opposed to its use.”
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In reply, we say, first, that the nuggets aren’t real gold. Even
the most conservative contemporary song is tainted with the
worldliness and the ecumenicism of its associations.
Second, the manure is very dirty. The world of
contemporary Christian music is the world of the one-world
church, of worldliness, of non-judgmentalism, of charismatic
heresies, of affiliation with Rome, of homosexual Christianity.
We have documented this in The Foreign Spirit of
Contemporary Worship Music, available as a free eVideo at
www.wayoflife.org.
Third, the manure is sticky! Most people who mess around
with CCM will be influenced by it, especially young people.
Pastors and music people are responsible for their young
people, and must protect them.
What is the motive for trying to find gold in a manure pile?
There are countless songs and hymns that have no spiritual
danger associated with them. The Living Hymns songbook
has about 900 spiritual songs and hymns, and that is only one
hymnal. The field of unquestionably sacred songs and hymns
is vast.
WAKE UP PASTORS! Have you educated yourself about
contemporary music? Do you have an ongoing plan to
educate your people in this important matter? Are you
careful about all of the music that is used in your church? Are
you providing leadership and a good example?
WAKE UP PARENTS! Have you educated yourself about
contemporary music? Have you educated your children? Are
you careful about all of the music that is used in your home?
Do you know what your children listen to? Are you providing
leadership and a good example?
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What Rock Did For Me
Before conversion, I was very much a child of my times. I
was born in 1949 and graduated from high school in 1967.
As I entered adulthood, the Beatles were at the height of
their power; America’s military involvement in Southeast
Asia was at its peak. Eastern religions were becoming
popular. Long-haired hippies became almost as common in
small towns as in the cities, and communes covered the land.
Bob Dylan was singing, “The times, they are a changing”; and
since I did not know the Lord Jesus Christ as personal Lord
and Saviour and was not a Bible believer, I had nothing to
anchor me spiritually and philosophically.
I was adrift in those dangerous, changing times.
In 1969, I was drafted into the Army. Wanting to have
some control over the type of duty I would have, I signed up
for an extra year. Since I was a good typist, they made me a
clerk. While stationed at the Army Record Center in St.
Louis, I was the general’s driver. When my orders came for
Vietnam, the general got me a job as company clerk for a
military police unit based in Tan Son Nhut air base near
Saigon. By 1970, I was flying across the Pacific on my way to
what would be a year and a half of duty in Vietnam, and it
was there that I become involved with drugs.
Upon discharge from the Army, I carried my addiction to
drugs home with me. I learned that a great many of my high
school friends were also involved with drugs to various
degrees, and I was quickly immersed in the pervasive hippie
culture. I began to “get high with the help of my friends,” as
the old rock song put it.
Many new experiences awaited. I learned that the
marijuana available in the States was weak compared to the
Southeast Asian variety. And in the ever-increasing search for
the better high, inhibitions dissolved and I began taking
practically everything I could get my foolish hands on.
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Looking back, I am amazed at how quickly natural
inhibitions fell away after the decision was made to try
marijuana. Before Vietnam, I had many opportunities to use
drugs, but as freewheeling and foolish as I was, I was afraid of
drugs.
How disastrous, then, was that first curious step, when,
after only a few weeks in Vietnam, I agreed to try a “joint” of
marijuana that was offered to me by a military policeman in
our unit. Within a year and a half of that fateful mistake, my
inhibitions were so dulled that I would try practically
anything.
The Intimate Connection between Rock, Drugs,
and Rebellion
What do drugs have to do with rock and roll? Much!
During the entire drug experience, I ate, slept, and breathed
rock and roll. While in Vietnam, like many GIs, I purchased
expensive stereo equipment and recorded hundreds of rock
albums. The barracks, bars, and clubs were equipped with
rock and roll. The soundtrack for the American war in
Vietnam was rock music.
It was the same back in the States. The stereo equipment
purchased by the tons in Southeast Asia found its way into
hippie apartments in every nook and cranny of America. And
in those cozy dens, with the atmosphere controlled by our
filthy rock and roll kings, thousands upon thousands of
young people destroyed their minds and lives with drugs.
Drugs and rock; rock and drugs. The two are as intimately
connected as Siamese twins, and through these mediums,
demonic powers enter into and destroy lives.
Rock music began breaking down moral and psychological
inhibitions as soon as I began listening to it in the early ’60s
in junior high school. And when I finally did enter the drug
world, I was amazed at how rock literally came alive! Why?
Because rock is created by drug users for drug users.
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“Rock musicians use drugs frequently and openly, and
their compositions are riddled with references to drugs,
from the Beatles’ ‘I Get High With a Little Help From
My Friends’ to the Jefferson Airplane’s ‘White Rabbit’ ...
Grace Slick of the Jefferson Airplane told Cavalier in
June of 1968, ‘We all use drugs and condone the
judicious use of drugs by everyone. Kids are going to
blow their minds somehow, and this is a better way to
do it than racking up their car against the wall. Let them
groove, do their own thing.’ Frank Zappa of the Mothers
of Invention told Life that society’s major hangups could
be cured by a drug and sexual openness” (David A.
Noebel, The Marxist Minstrels, p. 72).
This was written many years ago but the statements are
even truer today. A major milestone was passed in the
November 2012 election, when Colorado and Washington
became the first states in America to legalize the possession
and sale of marijuana. In conjunction with that election, a
USA Today poll found that 70% of Americans age 30 and
older oppose enforcement of existing federal laws against
marijuana use.
There can be no doubt that rock & roll has played a major
role in this social development.
The following report describes the prevalence of marijuana
use in public schools in California:
“Here in California, marijuana is now treated as a
minimal vice, with legalization inevitable and
decriminalization for possession amounting to a tap on
the hand. Medical marijuana cards are so easy to obtain,
they’re the butts of endless popular jokes. On the famed
Venice Beach boardwalk, booths tout on-the-spot
‘evaluations’ and customers walk out the door with
newly minted photo ID cards in under an hour. High
schools across the country celebrate April 20th as ‘420
Day,’ a fact I know because my daughter’s high school,
San Rafael High, is nationally famous (or infamous,
depending on your perspective) as the birthplace of the
40
term 420. (Coined, supposedly, because 4:20 pm was the
time at which kids would meet after school to light
up.)” (“Science Suggests Smoking Pot,” Melanie Haiken,
Forbes, Sept. 10, 2012).
The drug epidemic is increasing with frightful speed, and
rock music is even more popular, more vile, than ever. The
two worlds are one: The rock world is the drug world; the
drug world is the rock world.
In my personal life, rock helped break down inhibitions
and led me to drugs (and rebellion and immorality), and
drugs led me to rock. The fact that there are people who
enjoy rock music and do not use drugs does not disprove the
natural and intimate connection between the two.
As time passed, I became depressed, defeated, lonely, and
empty. Ambitions disappeared. When I was discharged from
the military, even though I had used drugs steadily for a year
and a half, I still had some goals and clear plans. I got a job at
a children’s psychiatric hospital in southern Florida and made
plans to continue my education at a local college; yet within a
few months, this ambition was dissolved in a world of drugs.
I quit that job and sold drugs for a while. After I was arrested
and briefly jailed for drug possession and public
drunkenness, I began living almost like a bum for a while.
I was so restless! I would keep a job for days or weeks at
the most. I drifted from place to place, job to job, philosophy
to philosophy.
By then the pleasure from drugs had dissipated and a dark,
persistent depression had settled in. I would go to bed
depressed and wake up depressed. Even in a friendly crowd I
felt alone. I had no peace, no joy, no satisfaction. And what
was worse and most frightful, I believe, was the gradual loss
even of the hope of change.
How I praise God that He loved me and in His grace was
patiently drawing me. Though I did not then appreciate it,
there was one treasure which I still possessed. In my period
41
of drifting I had sold practically everything of value I had
owned, but unknowingly I still had a treasure which was,
quite literally, priceless—the inestimable treasure of having
grown up in a Christian home, of having learned Bible verses
as a child, of the tears and prayers of a godly grandmother
and a believing mother and father.
In the summer of 1973, God answered those prayers and
brought the right man into my life to confront me with the
Word of God.
Conversion
I met this Christian man while traveling. By then I had
become intrigued with westernized Hinduism, particularly
the Self-Realization Fellowship Society.
While hitchhiking from California to Florida I got a ride
by some young people from India, and through their
testimonies and literature I became convinced that
reincarnation was true.
After devouring several books they had given me,
including The Autobiography of a Yogi by guru Paramahansa
Yogananda, founder of the Self-Realization Fellowship
Society, I made a pilgrimage from Florida to Los Angeles to
visit the headquarters of that organization On the way I won
roughly $70 in a slot machine in Los Vegas and I thought it
was an answer to my prayers so I could learn to sing songs
such as George Harrison’s “My Sweet Lord”!
After a brief stay in California, I was back in southern
Florida. After working a short while as a tow motor operator
in a lumber yard, I quit and decided to drive to my
hometown in central Florida and then drift around some
more.
It was a weekend when I pulled onto the highway near
Hollywood, Florida. A few miles down the road, I saw a man
on a touring bicycle riding along the highway, and though I
42
passed by him, I had a powerful urge to turn around and find
out where he was going, which I did.
After talking a few minutes beside the road, I invited him
to ride with me as far as my hometown, which was about 200
miles north. He agreed, and when we had stored his bicycle
and gear in the trunk of the car, we pulled back onto the
highway.
If I remember correctly, I was the first to broach the subject
of God and religion. I was still interested in reincarnation and
had some Hindu books with me. When asked if he believed
in God, the stranger acknowledged that he did and pulled out
a pocket Bible. His name was Ron Walker, and he was headed
to Mexico to preach in a coastal area he had visited earlier.
I learned one more thing very quickly: He was very skillful
in the use of that little Bible.
As I began asking questions about life and religion, the
thing that impressed me most deeply about Ron was his
knowledge of the Book he professed to believe. He could
actually show me passages which gave clear answers to my
questions and plain contradictions to my philosophies.
I did not know that the Bible was this practical. I heard
Bible stories while attending Sunday School as a child, but I
don’t recall that the stories were ever connected in any
practical way to my daily life.
I was so intrigued with Bible discussions that I decided to
go to Mexico with Ron, which is exactly what we did. I didn’t
even stop in my hometown.
For two days we drove from southern Florida to
Brownsville, Texas, where there is a border crossing into
Mexico. As we traveled, I told Ron what I thought about life
and religion, and he patiently showed me what the Bible said
about these things.
I admit the discussions became less and less enjoyable as I
discovered that the Bible contradicted practically everything I
believed! For example, I believed in reincarnation, but the
43
Bible says “it is appointed to men ONCE to die and after
death the judgment.” I believed that men should follow their
hearts, but the Bible says that “the heart is deceitful above all
things and desperately wicked, who can know it.” I believed
there were many ways to God, but the Bible says that “there is
one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus.” I
was convinced a man could not go too far wrong as long as
he was sincere, but the Bible declares, “There is a way which
seemeth right unto a man but the end thereof are the ways of
death.”
The Power of the Bible
I praise God that Ron knew the Scriptures well and could
answer my questions and give direct, precise answers. He
didn’t know anything personally about the myriad of New
Age-tinged things I was studying, and he was far removed
from the lifestyle I was living. He was not practicing
“contextualization,” in other words, trying to reach hippies by
looking and thinking like one! He was simply striving to live
a godly Christian life and to patiently explain the gospel and
teach the Bible to those who would listen.
It is the Bible which is “quick, and powerful, and sharper
than any twoedged sword, piercing even to the dividing
asunder of soul and spirit, and of the joints and marrow, and
is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart.” It is
the simple gospel of Jesus Christ which is “the power of God
unto salvation to every one that believeth; to the Jew first, and
also to the Greek.”
We stopped along the way somewhere, probably on the
Gulf Coast of Alabama, and Ron bought me a large-print
King James Bible without any notes or cross references—just
the Bible. He also bought me a copy of Strong’s Exhaustive
Concordance.
That night we slept beside the car at a roadside park in our
sleeping bags. I didn’t believe the things Ron was teaching me
44
from the Bible, and as I lay in my sleeping bag looking up at
the stars, I had the strong impulse to get up, take Ron’s bicycle
out of the car, and drive off by myself so I wouldn’t have to
hear any more of it. By God’s grace I fell asleep without doing
that, and the next morning we continued driving toward the
Mexican border.
When we entered Mexico, I was given trouble by the
Mexican authorities about my long hair. There was also
trouble because I had a drug arrest record. We were strip
searched, and I decided not to go any further. In fact, I was
glad at this new turn of events, thinking I could now get rid
of Ron. From his perspective it must have been very
humiliating to have appeared to have been a close traveling
companion with me, to be strip searched and all, but he made
no complaint.
By that time, I had become openly antagonistic toward the
Bible. Earlier that day as we were driving through southeast
Texas, I had challenged Ron to throw his Bible out of the car,
“so we could meet on common ground.” Of course, he
refused, stating that without the Bible he had no wisdom.
Perhaps it was from reading about the “holy men” of the
Himalayan mountains in India and Nepal, but my plan was to
find a mountain and settle down for a while to meditate and
figure things out on my own without the iron-clad
dogmatism of the Bible and without Bible believers like Ron
to “hamper me.” But Ron, bless his heart, had other plans. He
told me he had decided to ride back to Florida with me, that
he wanted to put off his trip into Mexico. I wasn’t happy with
this, but I decided I could endure him for another couple of
days.
I agreed to travel with him back to Daytona Beach, Florida,
where we would split up. That, in fact, is exactly what
happened; but by the time we parted, it turned out I was sad
to see him go, because I was a different person.
45
We rode back to Florida largely in silence. Ron knew I was
not interested in hearing any more from the Bible at that
point, and he wisely waited and prayed.
When we arrived in Daytona Beach, we decided that it
would be nice to sleep on a real bed for a change and also to
take a shower and freshen up. Thus, we got a room in a motel.
After we had showered and were sitting on our beds, Ron
opened his Bible and began to read. I don’t remember what
he was reading, but it was something he had already gone
over during our trip. And right there, very peacefully and
calmly, but very definitely, I repented of my rebellion and
believed in the Lord Jesus Christ.
It was like a light turned on in my soul. We prayed
together, and there was no question of the change that had
occurred. Immediately the Bible was a treasure to me; I knew
that the Bible and it alone is the Word of God and that Jesus
Christ is the only Lord and Savior. An hour earlier, I had
been antagonistic toward these very truths.
The next morning we had breakfast together, then said
good-bye. Ron rode away on his bicycle, and I have never
seen nor heard from him since. He had no permanent
address.
I drove directly west on Interstate 4 to my hometown,
walked into the house, placed the big black Bible on the
kitchen table, and declared to Mom and Dad that I had
gotten right with the Lord! I apologized to them for my
rebellion and foolishness. They were thrilled, of course.
I soon got a job—and kept it! At least I kept it until I went
away to attend Bible School about a year later.
A Spiritual Battle
Giving up rock music was not a simple matter. It was a real
struggle, because I absolutely loved it and had listened to it
practically every waking moment for many years. I didn’t
even think about giving it up at first.
46
I began to study the Bible zealously. Each day I would find
a private place away from distraction and read and meditate
upon the blessed Word of God. I had been deceived and in
bondage to Satan for many years; and now that I had received
the truth, I never wanted to be deceived again. I desired that
God would purify and use my life, and one of the first things
He dealt with me about was my music. God’s Word tells us
that we cannot serve two masters. I cannot say I love the Lord
if I love those things which the Lord’s hates.
God” (James 4:4).
The Lord’s own definition of the world is “the lust of the
flesh, and the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life,” and a
more perfect definition of rock & roll has never been given (1
John 2:16).
One day as I was driving in my car with the radio tuned to
a rock station as usual, I realized that I was pouring garbage
into my mind as fast as I was pouring in truth. Rock and roll
was contaminating the truth and hindering the healing
ministry of the Holy Spirit. I turned off the radio that day and
rejoiced in what God had shown me.
That was not the end of the battle, though. Often I was
tempted to turn that knob and be immersed for a few
moments in the rock beat, yet I knew that it did not please
the Lord and that it was not edifying to my Christian life.
Giving up rock and roll was one of the most difficult
battles I have faced as a Christian. Giving up rock was easily
as difficult as giving up cigarettes. And, as with smoking, the
battle against rock music had to be fought and re-fought long
after the initial victory.
Why is this so if rock is not intoxicating as some claim?
47
I am convinced that giving up rock was an important step
in the right direction in God’s will, and I have never regretted
it.
48
The History of Rock Music
In brief, rock & roll music is an amalgamation of sensual
dance rhythms in celebration of sexual license and the
loosing of authoritative moral restraint.
Every rock song, by its very rhythm, with varying degrees
of intensity, is saying, “Let the flesh have its way; do what you
want to do.”
A popular rock song by the Rolling Stones says, “I am free
to do what I want any old time.” That summarizes the
message of rock, but it is a lie because God says we were not
created to do as we please.
From its inception in the 1950s, rock music has been more
than mere entertainment. It represents a movement of
rebellion against the laws of God. Rock music is the
soundtrack of end-time apostasy as described in 2 Timothy
chapter 3.
“This know also, that in the last days perilous times shall
come. For men shall be lovers of their own selves,
covetous, boasters, proud, blasphemers, disobedient to
parents, unthankful, unholy, Without natural affection,
trucebreakers, false accusers, incontinent, fierce,
despisers of those that are good, Traitors, heady,
highminded, lovers of pleasures more than lovers of
God; Having a form of godliness, but denying the power
thereof: from such turn away” (2 Timothy 3:1-5).
This is a precise description of the world of rock & roll. The
Lord Jesus Christ warned that before His return the world
would mirror the conditions that existed at the time of Noah
(Mat. 24:37). Those conditions are described for us in
Genesis:
“And God saw that the wickedness of man was great in
the earth, and that every imagination of the thoughts of
his heart was only evil continually. . . . The earth also
49
was corrupt before God, and the earth was filled with
violence” (Gen. 6:5, 11).
Noah’s generation threw off the authority of Almighty God
and lived according to its own pleasure and dictates. That is
precisely what we see today, and it is a fulfillment of Bible
prophecy.
Psalm 2 tells us that the world will attempt to throw off
God’s yoke before Christ returns.
“Why do the heathen rage, and the people imagine a
vain thing? The kings of the earth set themselves, and
the rulers take counsel together, against the LORD, and
against his anointed, saying, Let us break their bands
asunder, and cast away their cords from us” (Psalm
2:1-3).
This is what the Bible refers to as end-time rebellion, and it
is being staged to the sound of rock & roll.
Rock music is difficult to define, but a chief characteristic
is the unrelenting backbeat that provides its sensual
danceability.
Following are some definitions of rock & roll:
“The most persistent feature of rock has been its beat . . .
[but] as in the case of jazz, any listener who wants rock
defined specifically is probably unable to recognize
it” (Carl Belz, The Story of Rock, vii).
“Whatever else syncopation is or does, it has been
credited as the distinguishing feature of rock music,
even in its embryonic stages” (John Makujina,
Measuring the Music, p. 113).
“It’s a beat that gets to you. If you like it and you feel it,
you can't help but move to it. That's what happens to
me. I can't help it” (Elvis Presley, cited by Steve Turner,
Hungry for Heaven, p. 35).
“When they play their music, ooh that modern music,
they like it with a lot of style; but it’s still that same old
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backbeat rhythm that really, really drives ‘em
wild” (“The Heart of Rock & Roll” by Huey Lewis and
the News).
“I felt that if I could take, say, a Dixieland tune and drop
the first and third beats and accentuate the second and
fourth, and add a beat the listeners could clap to as well
as dance this would be what they were after” (Bill Haley,
cited by Charlie Gillett, The Sound of the City: The Rise
of Rock and Roll, p. 14).
“… rock ‘n’ roll featured a percussively heavy
reinforcement of the meter (beat)” (Webster’s New World
Dictionary of Music, 1998).
“…an unrelenting, socking syncopation that sounds like
a bull whip…” (Time, 1956).
“… a strong rhythmic drive intended to encourage
listeners to dance…” (The Norton/Grove Concise
Encyclopedia of Music, 1994).
“…a fast, driving rhythm punctuated by prominent and
often dominant drums and bass. . . . Rock ‘n’ roll is
essentially a form of rhythmicized blues. . . . giving
powerful emphasis to the first beat of each 4/4 bar
(hence the name “Big Beat” given to it in Europe)” (New
Harvard Dictionary of Music, 1986).
“Perhaps the most important defining quality of rock
and roll is the beat, . . . Rock and roll is different from
other music primarily because of the beat” (Charles
Brown, The Art of Rock and Roll, p. 42).
“How does rock differ from jazz and other popular
music? One characteristic is its heavy beat, which led
one critic to define rock as ‘music in which the bass
drum carries the melody’'” (Charles R. Hoffer, The
Understanding of Music, p. 503).
“Rock ‘music’ has no melody only fragments of melody
endlessly repeated. Since there is no true melody, there
is no real harmony. There is only rhythm. And rhythm
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in and of itself is not music” (Leonard Seidel, Face the
Music: Contemporary Music on Trial, pp. 46-51).
“The sexuality of music is usually referred to in terms of
its rhythm--it is the beat that commands a directly
physical response" (Simon Frith, Sound Effects: Youth,
Leisure, and the Politics of Rock 'n' Roll, p. 240).
The Root of Rock Music
The music that is called rock & roll is an amalgamation of
several streams of sensual music that grew together over the
first half of the 20th century. Three of the most important and
direct are (1) rhythm & blues, boogie-woogie, and jazz, (2)
hillbilly boogie country music, and (3) black and Pentecostal
spirituals and jazzed-up Southern gospel.
Rock’s Roots in Ancient Fertility Cults
The deeper roots of rock & roll stretch into pagan trance
cults such as African voodoo and shamanism and old
European goddess religions, such as the Corybantes, the cult
of Cybele, and the Dionysian cults. This is not the opinion
merely of a fundamental Baptist preacher; it is documented
by secular rock historians.
Mickey Hart, drummer for the Grateful Dead, has done
extensive research into the history of the rock beat and
concluded that rock and roll is “the latest extension of the
African backbeat” (Mickey Hart, Drumming at the Edge of
Magic, p. 64).
Consider the following important citations from Hart
(who, to our knowledge, makes no profession of faith in Jesus
Christ):
“According to archaeologist Marija Gimbutas, author of
The Language of the Goddess and one of the major
scholars attempting to reconstruct the consciousness of
Neolithic Old Europe, there was ‘an intimate
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relationship between the drum and the goddess.’ …
With the adoption of Christianity by the Roman
Empire, wrote Blades, percussive music was banned as
mischievous’ and ‘licentious’; the drums and cymbals
were particularly singled out as evidence of ‘the devil’s
pomposity’” (Mickey Hart, Drumming at the Edge of
Magic, pp. 73, 77).
“Shamans are drummers—they’re rhythmists, they’re
trance masters who have understood something
fundamental about the nature of the drum, something I
badly wanted to learn. I noticed, as I began to study the
anthropological debate over percussion and transition,
that most of the examples of percussive trance fell into
two broad categories. In the first, drumming was used to
summon the spirits or the gods down into the body of
someone other than the drummer, usually a dancer. This
is known as possession trance. The classic example is
vodun, where the spirits—called the loa—are said to
descend and mount the bodies of the dancers and ride
them like horses. The second type of trance is shamanic
or ‘communion trance’ … In a communion trance the
spirit or soul of the drummer is said to ride his
drumbeat like a horse up to the spirit world, where he
(and it is usually a male) transacts his business in an
active rather than a passive way. … shamans are people
who have developed techniques that allow them to enter
esoteric states of consciousness. [The] shaman’s drum [is
the] Skeleton Key to the Other Worlds. … There have
been many times when I’ve felt as if the drum has
carried me to an open door into another world” (Hart,
pp. 163, 175, 176).
“The Yewe secret society of West Africa as seven
different types of drum rhythm that accompany the
sect’s seven special dances and attract seven different
spirits” (Hart, p. 204).
“… all these possession cults—the Corybantes, the
Bacchantes, the cult of Cybele, the Dionysian cults—
were all surviving fragments of the ancient goddess
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religions, all of them trance possession cultures in which
drums were probably the driving mechanism. At one
point in the play The Bacchae, Dionysius cries out, ‘O
my sisterhood of worshipers, whom I lead with me from
barbaric countries, Timolus, bastion of Lydia, who live
and travel at my side. Raise the music of your own
country, the Phrygian drums invented by Rhea the
Great Mother, and by me’” (Hart, p. 205).
“… when the slave ships began plying the waters
between the New World and West Africa, everyone
thought they carried just strong, expendable bodies. But
they were also carrying the Counterplayer culture—
MAYBE EVEN THE MOTHER GODDESS CULTURE
—PRESERVED IN THE FORM OF DRUM RHYTHMS
THAT COULD CALL DOWN THE ORISHA FROM
THEIR TIME TO OURS. In the Caribbean and South
America, slaves were allowed to keep their drums and
thus preserved their vital connection with the Orisha,
though the sudden mingling of so many different tribes
produced new variations like candomble, santeria, and
vodun. … AND OUT OF THIS SEVERING CAME
JAZZ, THE BLUES, THE BACKBEAT, RHYTHM AND
BLUES, AND ROCK AND ROLL—SOME OF THE
MOST POWERFUL RHYTHMS ON THE
PLANET” (Hart, pp. 209, 210).
“IT IS HARD TO PINPOINT THE EXACT MOMENT
WHEN I AWOKE TO THE FACT THAT MY
TRADITION—ROCK AND ROLL—DID HAVE A
SPIRIT SIDE, THAT THERE WAS A BRANCH OF
THE FAMILY THAT HAD MAINTAINED THE
ANCIENT CONNECTION BETWEEN THE DRUM
AND THE GODS” (Hart, p. 212).
“I remembered McCall’s thesis that THE WEST
AFRICAN DRUM-DRIVEN RELIGIONS PRESERVED
ELEMENTS OF THE OLD GODDESS RELIGION OF
THE NEOLITHIC. If that was true, then these rhythms
were some of the most resilient on the planet. Five, ten,
54
twenty thousand years—who knows how long they have
been pulsing?” (Hart, p. 223).
“Joe Campbell [a mythologist who wrote The Hero with
a Thousand Faces, the book upon which George Lucas
based the Star Wars trilogy] CAME TO ONE OF OUR
SHOWS [THE GRATEFUL DEAD] AND REMARKED
TO ME AFTERWARD THAT WE WERE A MYTH
HAPPENING IN REAL TIME. ‘THIS IS WHAT THE
DIONYSIAN RITES MUST HAVE BEEN LIKE,’ he
said” (Hart, p. 230).
Rock historian and drummer Micky Hart draws a direct
lineage between rock & roll and voodoo and beyond to the
ancient fertility goddess cults that, according to the Bible,
originated with the rebellion at Babylon.
Many other historians describe rock & roll in terms of
Dionysus. In his history of rock, James Miller describes 1950’s
rock and rock & roll in general as “DIONYSIAN
REVELRY” (Flowers in the Dustbin, pp. 151, 354).
Rock’s Roots in the Blues
The very essence of rock music is sexual license and
rebellion against authority. The term “rock & roll” was a slang
expression for fornication in the sleazy juke joints and honky
tonks where blues was performed. For a decade or so before
the mid-1950s, rhythm & blues and boogie-woogie black
dance music had gained an increasingly loyal following
among white young people.
Two notable inventions brought the blues out of its cultural
isolation: jukeboxes and radio. The jukeboxes were named
after the juke joints where they were first set up to take the
place of live bluesmen. The jukeboxes were cheaper to
operate than hiring a live band or even a single performer,
and after first appearing in the late 1930s, they flooded the
country, soon appearing even in roadside restaurants. By
1940, the jukebox industry was making $65 million per year,
55
and kids across the land were dancing to rhythm & blues, as
well as country and pop selections. Billboard inaugurated its
“Juke Box Chart” in 1945 to tabulate how often records were
played on jukeboxes.
The radio was also very effective in bringing black dance
music to a young white population. In the early 1950s, disc
jockeys such as Alan Freed in Cleveland, Ohio, and Dewey
Phillips in Memphis, Tennessee, were making money hand
over fist playing risqué rhythm & blues for a white radio
audience.
Dewey Phillips’ program, Red, Hot and Blue, ran from 9
p.m. to midnight. Phillips had grown up in Adamsville,
Tennessee, and loved to listen to black music as a boy, in spite
of the warning by his church-going elders that it was of the
devil. At age ten he made a trip to Memphis to sing in a
Baptist church choir, and he and another boy slipped off to
visit forbidden Beale Street. After he was discharged from the
military, he returned to Memphis and eventually turned the
Red, Hot and Blue radio program into a sensation.
Many white teenagers like Elvis Presley, who had moved to
Memphis with his family when he was 13, couldn’t get
enough of the blues. They even adopted “Daddy-O” Phillips’
hip phrases into their teenage slang. Presley, in turn, took the
black blues sound and turned it into white rock & roll. It was
Dewey “Daddy-O” Phillips himself, in fact, in July 1954, who
became the first disc jockey to play an Elvis Presley record on
the air.
“By the time Elvis Presley had checked into the
Heartbreak Hotel, in the early fifties, radio had already
become tremendously important as a conveyor of rock
and roll’s message. Suddenly, 17 million teenagers were
virtually putty in the hands of the country’s 1,700
deejays. Albert Goldman, Presley’s biographer, noted:
‘As these kids got up in the morning, or came home
from school, as they rode in cars or lay on the beach
with their portables, as they did their homework in the
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evening or snuggled in their beds at night with the lights
out and their minds open in the most suggestible
condition, the DJs enjoyed an incomparable opportunity
to mold the imagination of an entire generation’” (Dan
and Steve Peters, Why Knock Rock? p. 34).
In one sense, rock & roll is simply another term for rhythm
& blues.
“Rock and roll may be the first music to be defined, not
by its sound, but by who listened—and danced—to it. …
Depending on who was playing it and who was listening
to it, the same record, the same sound, could be either
rock and roll or rhythm and blues. In terms of music or
performance style, the R & B and jump blues of men like
Wynonie Harris, Big Joe Turner, and Louis Jordan was
virtually indistinguishable from what later would be
called rock and roll. The difference was that those men’s
audiences were primarily adult blacks. Dewey played
those same records for white teenagers who, then as
now, were always in the market for something new to
dance to, especially if that something also annoyed their
parents…” (Larry Nager, Memphis Beat, pp. 130, 31).
In 1951, disc jockey Alan Freed applied the term rock &
roll to the music (largely rhythm & blues) he was playing for
teenagers in Cleveland, Ohio, on radio station WJW. He even
tried unsuccessfully to copyright the term. Freed had a latenight classical music show when he saw the commercial
potential for beat music. From his friend Lee Mintz, who
owned a record store in Cleveland, Freed learned that young
white kids were eagerly buying black rhythm and blues
records. Mintz told Freed that the reason for the popularity of
the music was the beat and that anyone could dance to it
(David Halberstam, The Fifties, p. 465).
Freed inaugurated a new nightly program, The Moondog
House Party, on a 50,000-watt clear channel station so
powerful that it reached a vast area of the Midwest. It was
described as “a rock and roll session with rhythm and blues
57
records.” Freed created a hip new personality to promote the
program, calling himself the “Moondog.” On the air, he
howled like a dog, beat his desk in time to the music, and
kept up a continuous “cool” jabber that made his programs
very exciting to young people (all the while “numbing his
throat with a pint of cheap whiskey”). After moving to radio
station WINS in New York City in late 1954, Freed changed
the name of the program to The Rock and Roll Show.
The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock calls Freed “The
original Pied Piper of rock & roll.” He “introduced primarily
white teenaged listeners to black R&B, expanding its
audience and helping to prompt a social revolution.”
Freed also promoted the first rock concerts called Moon
Dog Balls. The first one, “the Moondog Coronation Ball” in
Cleveland, drew over 25,000 to an arena which had an official
capacity of less than half that. The promoters had grossly
oversold the concert. When officials tried to stop the show,
mobs of kids smashed the doors open, overwhelmed the
police, and went on the first rock & roll riot. A gang of kids
stormed the stage and tore down the signs. One person was
stabbed and many others were injured. The headline in the
Cleveland Plain Dealer the next day shouted, “Moondog Ball
Is Halted as 6,000 Crash Arena Gate.”
Riots, beatings, and stabbings occurred at other Freed
concerts. Teddy Reig, tour manager for Freed, described a
concert in New York:
“At the Brooklyn Paramount, the kids came in, and they
tore the hall up like you never seen a hall torn up before
in your life. They broke about twelve store windows,
stole the suits. And all the fancy furniture out in the
lobby…” (Rock & Roll an Unruly History, p. 134).
When the police turned on the lights during a concert in
Boston, on May 3, 1958, Freed recklessly exclaimed: “Hey,
kids, the cops don’t want you to have a good time.” When the
crowd left the theatre, a riot broke out in which one young
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person was stabbed and many severely beaten, robbed, and
raped. Freed was arrested and charged with incitement to riot
and anarchy. Following this, rock concerts were banned in
several cities and Freed was kicked out of the concert
business.
In addition to his disc jockey work, Freed authored and coauthored several hit songs, organized his own band, appeared
in three rock & roll movies, and hosted a television show, The
Big Beat. He became extremely wealthy and purchased a
luxurious oceanfront estate with 30 or so rooms. In his first
year with WINS he grossed over $750,000. In one 12-day
period in late 1957 he grossed more than $300,000 from
appearances and concerts. He made a fortune from royalties
on the film Rock Around the Clock.
In 1959, Freed was indicted for accepting $30,000 in bribes
from recording companies to promote their records on his
broadcasts. He pleaded guilty and was given a six-month
suspended sentence and a $300 fine. He was later charged
with evading income taxes.
Though “Moondog” Freed enjoyed much fame and made
outrageous sums of money during his career, he died at age
42, drunk, broke, and in obscurity in a Florida hospital.
What Freed did with the term rock & roll was to
popularize an expression that had been used in blues and
boogie-woogie songs since the early 1920s. It was a common
term on the “race records” (referring to recordings by blacks)
of that era.
Following are just a few examples:
“My Man Rocks Me (with One Steady Roll)” by Trixie
Smith, 1922
“Rock Me Mama” by Ikey Robinson, 1929
“Rocking and Rolling” by Bob Robinson, 1930
“Rockin’ in Rhythm” by Duke Ellington, 1931
“Rock and Roll” by the Boswell Sisters, 1934
“Rock Me Daddy” by Georgia White, 1937
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“Rock It for Me” by Mildred Bailey, 1938
“Rocking the Blues” by Port of Harlem Jazzmen, 1939
“Keep Rockin’” by Harlan Leonard, 1940
“I Want to Rock” by Cab Calloway, 1942
“Royal Rockin’ Rhythm” by Nat King Cole, 1944
“Rockin’ the Boogie” by Hadda Brooks, 1945
“Good Rockin’ Tonight” by Roy Brown, 1947
“Shout and Rock” by Billy Williams, 1948
“Rock and Roll” by the Flairs, 1949
“Rock the Joint” by Jimmy Preston, 1949
“We’re Gonna Rock” by Cecil Gant, 1950
“Rock ‘n’ Roll” by John Lee Hooker (1950)
“Rockin’ and Rollin’” by Lil Son Jackson (1950)
“All I Do Is Rock” by the Robins, 1951
“Rock Me All Night Long” by the Ravens, 1952
“Rock, Rock, Rock” by Amos Milburn, 1953
These are just a few of the songs in the 1930s and ’40s that
used the terms “rocking” and “rock and roll.” All of these
recordings were by black rhythm & blues performers. Many
of them were morally filthy. In reality, therefore, rock & roll
began decades before Elvis Presley recorded his first hits.
Western Boogie
A parallel, called western swing and hillbilly boogie,
developed in country music in the 1940s. This music was
very similar to ’50s rock and roll.
Some of the song titles were:
“Boogie Woogie” by Johnny Barfield, 1939
“Guitar Boogie” by Arthur Smith, 1945
“House of Blue Lights” by Freddie Slack and Ella Mae
Morse, 1946
“Freight Train Boogie” by the Delmore Brothers, 1946
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“Rootie Tootie” by Hank Williams, 1947
“Tennessee Saturday Night” by Red Foley, 1948
“Smokey Mountain Boogie” by Tennessee Ernie Ford, 1949
The first white rock & roll star was a country singer named
Bill Haley. His band was originally called Bill Haley and the
Four Aces of Western Swing. By 1953, they had renamed
themselves Bill Haley and the Comets, and their huge rock
hits—“Crazy, Man, Crazy,” “Rock Around the Clock,” and
“Shake, Rattle and Roll”—came out in 1954.
Thus we see the strong country flavor in early rock & roll.
Elvis Presley, Buddy Holly, Carl Perkins, Gene Vincent, Roy
Orbison, Johnny Cash, Eddie Cochran, and many other
pioneer rockers were basically country western singers.
The Birthplace of Rock
Rock & roll is the amalgamation of many different styles of
sensual music, with the mixture taking place over a wide
territory (Texas hillbilly boogie, Chicago blues, Manhattan
and New Orleans jazz, etc.) and encompassing a period of
time stretching from the 1920s to the 1950s.
Insofar as rock & roll has one special birthplace, though, it
was Memphis, Tennessee, in the mid-1950s. Memphis disc
jockey Sam Phillips was fascinated with blues and boogiewoogie. He heard B.B. King and other bluesmen play on
Beale Street and on radio station WDIA, which in 1949 had
become the first radio station in the United States to adopt an
all-black format.
Beale Street was infamous for its prostitutes and drinking/
gambling establishments. Music producer Jim Dickinson
called it “the center of all evil in the known universe” (James
Dickerson, Goin’ Back to Memphis, p. 27).
In 1950, Sam Phillips built a small studio and opened his
Phillips Recording Service, recording Beale Street bluesmen
and country singers. Two years later he established the
independent record label Sun Records. He recorded some of
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the most famous of the bluesmen, including B.B. King,
Howlin’ Wolf, Johnny Ace, Junior Parker, Auburn “Pat” Hare,
and James Cotton.
In 1951, he recorded “Rocket 88” by Ike Turner and the
Kings of Rhythm, and it became a No. 1 hit. Many have called
this the first rock & roll record, and it certainly was typical of
all that rock & roll has become. It had a “furious drive” and
licentious lyrics about fast cars, drinking, and womanizing.
Some of the lyrics said, “Goin’ round the corner and get a
fifth [of liquor]/ Everybody in my car’s gonna take a little
nip.”
The bluesmen lived according to their music. The author of
“Rocket 88,” Jackie Brenston, died in 1979 at age 49, having
drunk himself into an early grave. Sonny Blair, who played
harmonica and sang with the Kings of Rhythm, died of
delirium tremens in 1966 at age 34. Ike Turner was convicted
of possession and transportation of cocaine in 1990 and
sentenced to 18 months in jail.
Sam Phillips was looking for “a white man with a Negro
sound and the Negro feel,” because he believed the black
blues could become tremendously popular among white
people if presented in the right way. Alan Freed had made the
same observation in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1951. Phillips
allegedly said, “If I could find a white man who has the Negro
sound and the Negro feel, I could make a billion dollars.”
Phillips also said he was looking for “something ugly” (James
Miller, Flowers in the Dustbin, p. 71). That’s a pretty good
description morally and spiritually of rock & roll.
Sam Phillips found his man in Elvis Presley. Elvis’s music
has been described as “blues laced with country and country
tinged with gospel” (Rolling Stone Encyclopedia, p. 782). Thus,
Elvis’s early music embodied all of the three major streams of
music that merged into rock. In 1954, Elvis roared to local
popularity with “That’s All Right, Mama,” a song written in
1946 by black bluesman Arthur “Big Boy” Crudup. The other
side of that Sun record contained “Blue Moon of Kentucky,” a
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hopped up rendition of a country song. Thus the two most
direct streams of music that fashioned early rock & roll—
hillbilly boogie (country) and blues—were represented on
Elvis Presley’s first hit recording. Elvis’s guitarist, Scotty
Moore, learned many of his guitar licks from an old black
blues player who worked with him before he teamed up with
Elvis (Scotty Moore, That’s Alright, Elvis, p. 57).
Memphis was also the home of the first recordings by
many other rock & roll pioneers, including Jerry Lee Lewis,
Charlie Feathers, Carl Perkins, Johnny Burnette, Charlie
Rich, and Billy Lee Riley.
The Blues Lifestyle
The most direct musical stream that led to rock & roll is
the blues (which in its widest expression encompasses a
variety of music, such as ragtime, boogie-woogie, rhythm &
blues, jazz, and honky tonk). It has been said that if you “take
the blues, pump it up rhythmically and jack up the
amplification, you have rock music.” In fact, that is what
happened. Five of the 16 recordings Elvis Presley made for
Sam Phillips at Sun Records were blues songs. Many of the
other rock & roll kings, including the Beatles, the Rolling
Stones, Eric Clapton, and Led Zeppelin, started their careers
performing the blues in bars and night clubs.
Jimi Hendrix testified: “I was trying to learn how to play
like . . . Muddy Waters. I heard one of his records when I was
a little boy, and it scared me to death” (Liner notes for Jimi
Hendrix Blues, 1994).
Bob Dylan says his greatest influence was the Blues.
“When I came into the world, that spirit of things was
still very strong. Billie Holiday was still alive. Duke
Ellington. All those old blues singers were still alive.
And I met and played with many of them. I learned a
whole bunch of stuff from them. And that was the music
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that was dear to me” (Christopher Farley, “The Legend
of Dylan,” Time, Sept. 17, 2001, p. 93).
The following statements confirm the direct connection
between the African rhythms, the blues, and rock & roll:
“You’re talking about music that was bred from Africa to
the black church, which turned into blues and jazz and
country music. … That’s the way it started” (Quincy
Jones, cited in Rock Facts, Rock & Roll Hall of Fame and
Museum, p. 15).
Muddy Waters said, “The blues had a baby, and they called
it rock ‘n’ roll.”
Little Richard, in describing rock music, says, “It’s black
music; it’s black!”
B.B. King said: “The roots of rock ‘n’ roll went back to my
roots, the Mississippi Delta. It was born of the blues” (Blues
All Around Me, p. 184).
Dave Bartholomew, producer of Fats Domino’s hits, said:
“We had rhythm and blues for many, many a year, and here
come in a couple of white people and they call it rock and
roll, and it was rhythm and blues all the time” (Rock & Roll
an Unruly History, p. 7).
Ike Turner said: “Fats Waller, Cab Calloway—if you just
take the color off of it, man, these guys rocked and rolled way
back then” (Rock & Roll an Unruly History, p. 7).
David Bowie says: “In our music, rock and roll, the blues is
our mentor, our godfather, everything. We’ll never lose that,
however diversified and modernistic and cliché-ridden with
synthesizers it becomes. We’ll never, ever be able to renounce
the initial heritage” (cited by Timothy White, Rock Lives, p.
402).
Eric Clapton agrees: “Rock is like a battery that must
always go back to the blues to get recharged” (A Time to Rock,
p. 202).
Following are some other statements of this truth:
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“Whatever it was, the blues genie had busted out of the
bottle [via rock music], coming out of Memphis and the
Delta to seep into every crevice of American popular
music and go on to shape the music of the
world” (Memphis Beat, p. 83).
“From the demonic songs of Delta Blues one can trace a
line to the present world of Satanic Rock and
Roll” (Michael Moynihan, Lords of Chaos: The Bloody
Rise of the Satanic Metal Underground, p. 2).
“What black men had been doing since the mid-forties
was now recast by a handful of young white boys who
had spent their youth hearing those black men, falling
under the spell of their magic. … They called it rock ‘n’
roll, the same phrase that blacks had been using for
more than a decade; but they let the white people who
bought it think that they had invented the phrase, as
they let them think that they had invented the
music” (Nick Tosches, Hellfire, the biography of Jerry Lee
Lewis, pp. 86,87).
“There would be no rock and roll without the roots
music of African-American culture. Blues, gospel,
rhythm & blues, and jazz are rock and roll’s essential
foundations. … African slaves brought their rhythms to
America” (Rock Facts, Rock & Roll Hall of Fame and
Museum, p. 22).
What many histories about rock & roll do not plainly state
is that the blues, speaking generally, represented the ungodly
side, the “red light district,” of black music and culture. Blacks
in America in the first half of the twentieth century were
notably religious and more often than not were churchgoers.
They were divided into two distinct categories, though: Pious
and impious; those who lived a sincere Christian life and
those who maintained merely a veneer of Christianity. Pious
blacks who took Jesus Christ and the Bible seriously and who
were faithful to biblical churches, condemned immorality
and drunkenness and violence as well as the blues and
65
boogie-woogie music that was associated with those things.
On the other hand, those who played the blues were
commonly in contact with the Bible and church during their
youth, but they did not repent of their sin and reject the lusts
of the flesh and live faithfully for God.
“If you played blues, you played where people drank and
gambled and carried on and committed adultery—all
the things that the black church and the white church
stood against: gambling, fornication, adultery, violence,
murder” (Chasin’ That Devil Music, p. 144).
“Sex was inextricably linked with blues and jazz. It was
not a prejudice: it was a fact of life. … In truth, black
parents were also disapproving of blues and jazz music,
and often pulled out the broomstick when their
daughters showed an interest in the ‘devil’s
music’” (Dickerson, Goin’ Back to Memphis, pp. 29, 30).
Blues historian Robert Palmer, though glorifying the blues
musicians in his book Deep Blues, admits that the bluesmen
were looked upon as immoral and shiftless by their own
people, by black preachers, schoolteachers, small landowners,
and faithful churchgoers (Deep Blues, p. 17).
Booker Miller, who played the blues with Charlie Patton in
the late 1920s and became a Baptist preacher after he was
converted from a blues lifestyle, testified: “Them old folks did
believe the devil would get you for playin’ the blues and livin’
like that” (Chasin’ That Devil Music, p. 197).
Henry C. Speir, who was responsible for the recording
careers of Son House, Willie Brown, Robert Johnson, Charlie
Patton, Tommy Johnson, and many other bluesmen, testified:
“You were either serving the Lord or you were serving
the devil. And if you played blues and lived that lifestyle,
you served the devil and you were going to hell. Good
church people didn’t have anything to do with blues
singers” (H.C. Speir, interview, Chasin’ That Devil Music,
p. 142).
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W.C. Handy, whose autobiography is titled “Father of the
Blues,” was from a Christian home. Both his grandfather and
his father were preachers. When he brought a guitar home in
his early teen years, his parents were shocked. Handy’s father
said: “A guitar! One of the devil’s playthings. Take it away. Get
it out of your hands. Whatever possessed you to bring a sinful
thing like that into our Christian home?” (Father of the Blues,
p. 10).
Handy’s father felt that “becoming a [blues] musician
would be like selling my soul to the devil” and that those who
are living the licentious blues lifestyle are “trotting down to
Hell on a fast horse” (Ibid., p. 303). Handy’s Christian music
teacher warned him that blues music would bring him to the
gutter (Ibid., p. 303).
When Muddy Waters, who organized the first influential
electric blues band, learned to play the blues as a boy, his
godly grandmother warned him: “Son, you’re sinning. You’re
playing for the devil. Devil’s gonna get you” (Bossmen Bill
Monroe and Muddy Waters, p. 105).
Muddy Waters ignored his grandmother, but she was right.
He was playing the devil’s music, the music that fit his
immoral lifestyle like a hand and glove.
When Charlie Patton started playing the blues, his
preacher father looked upon it as a sin. “To a man of God,
guitar picking was a sin, and playing reels and other sinful
tunes at parties and picnics where gambling and fornication
were rampant was tantamount to selling one’s soul to the
devil. So when Bill [Charlie Patton’s father] caught his son
making music, he considered it his Christian duty to deliver
stern warnings and, as the warnings continued to go
unheeded, increasingly severe corporal punishment” (Deep
Blues, p. 51).
Charlie ignored his father, wasted his life on liquor and
loose women, and died at age 43 of a heart attack.
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Jazz/blues researcher Gayle Dean Wardlow, who went
house-to-house in black neighborhoods in search of old blues
records, said: “I also discovered that women who were active
churchgoers only had sacred music, never blues or jazz
records” (Chasin’ That Devil Music, p. 12).
It was not uncommon for blues players eventually to get
saved and to become serious about serving God; and when
they did, they usually gave up their blues music. An example
was Ishmon Bracey (1900-1970). He played with some of the
well-known bluesmen, including Tommy Johnson, and he
recorded for Victor and Paramount Records. He lived the
immoral blues life for many years, but in 1951 he repented of
his sin, trusted the Lord Jesus Christ as His Savior. He
returned to the Baptist church of his youth and became a
preacher of the gospel. From then until his death of natural
causes at age 70, he thanked the Lord for his conversion from
the wicked blues lifestyle. He refused thereafter even to play
the blues recreationally. When interviewed in 1963 by blues
researcher Gayle Dean Wardlow, Bracey described the
immorality and violence that went on in the “juke
houses” (Chasin’ that Devil Music, pp. 58-60).
Another example is Freddie Spruell. He also recorded with
Paramount and lived the wicked blues lifestyle until 1944. His
mother had asked him to stop playing blues, and he obeyed
and started going back to the Baptist church. A few months
later he began preaching the gospel.
Another example is Skip James, who “got religion on him
and wouldn’t play the blues.”
My point is that blues and boogie-woogie represented the
seedy side of early twentieth-century Negro society. Rock &
roll was born out of that ungodly atmosphere.
The following comparison describes some of the striking
similarities between the blues and rock & roll:
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1. Like rock & rollers, blues musicians lived ungodly
lives and often died young.
The lives of the bluesmen are amazingly similar to those of
the rock & rollers they influenced. They abused alcohol and
drugs and wasted themselves in moral debauchery. They
gambled, mocked the holy vows of marriage by their
fornicating music and manners, drifted around without
working a steady job, and had frequent run-ins with the law.
The music itself reflected and encouraged this anti-Bible
lifestyle.
A rock historian notes that the blues fit the lascivious
lifestyle like a hand and glove: “For white Memphis, the
forbidden pleasures of Beale Street had always come
WRAPPED IN THE PULSING RHYTHMS OF THE BLUES.
… Elvis’s [rock & roll] offered those pleasures long familiar to
Memphians to a new audience” (emphasis added) (Larry
Nager, Memphis Beat, p. 154).
One of the strongholds of ragtime, boogie-woogie, and the
blues were the houses of prostitution in New Orleans,
Memphis, St. Louis, Atlanta, and other cities.
“Like the whorehouses in New Orleans and St. Louis,
the Gayoso houses provided employment for Memphis’s
early ragtime pianists … The Gayoso brothels gave
many white Memphians their first dose of syncopation
and the blues. Compared to the pallid ballads and
sentimental ‘heart songs’ that the Victorian era offered,
that ‘whorehouse music’ would have been exciting in
any situation. Given the extra tang of forbidden fruit, of
social and moral taboos being broken all around, those
SE X UA L LY SY NC OPAT E D S OU N D S prove d
irresistible” (emphasis added) (Larry Nager, Memphis
Beat, p. 26).
Many of the ragtime composers died young from syphilis.
These included George Walker, Scott Joplin, Louis Chauvin,
Ernest Hogan, and Bob Cole.
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The following description of jazz clubs exposes the moral
filthiness associated with that music:
“Among the young whites … in revolt against traditional
values, the most rebellious were jazz musicians. Jazz had
emerged as the urban voice of black culture, essentially a
protest music in which blacks played out their daily
experiences. This found favour with white kids seeking a
vehicle for their own thrash against society, a music
guaranteed to shock the squares, as rock ‘n’ roll did in
the mid-fifties. … New Orleans represented the best the
new music had to offer and gave to jazz its sleazy
reputation. The New Orleans spirit was one of
permissiveness and non-interference, very much a
musician’s creed. From its earliest days a city of low life,
thieving, gambling and above all prostitution, New
Orleans ‘tolerated with impartiality small-time hustlers
and high crimes, self-serving royal governors and fiftycent whores.’ … The Mafia made a major incursion into
the entertainment business and, ironically much to the
benefit of jazz, gangsters dominated the clubs, cabarets,
dives and bars in many American cities. … John
Hammond of CBS reckoned that three quarters of all
the jazz clubs and cabarets were mob-controlled. In New
York there were 1,300 licensed clubs and speakeasies,
while Chicago boasted 24,000 night spots in 1926. ...
“Musicians were allowed loans without crippling
interest rates, given investment advice, access to drugs
and a free rein for their own sidelines. Jelly Roll Morton
sold drugs and ran prostitutes, while Duke Ellington
was offered a piece of major bootlegging action in New
York. So what were the rules of the game? Basically, you
kept quiet, kept playing, kept straight, did what you
were told and didn’t ask questions. The environment was
tough, nerves were stretched to the breaking point,
physical injury was not uncommon. Muggsy Spanier
saw two men shot dead in front of him, but had to carry
on playing. Comedian Joe Lewis survived having his
throat cut when he transferred from one gang-
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controlled North Side club to another. Pianist Pinetop
Smith was shot dead on the stand and Bix Beiderbecke,
the first of many music superstars to live fast and die
young, died from pneumonia brought on by an excess of
bootleg gin. Even the famous had to watch their backs:
when Louis Armstrong changed managers, he had dayand-night bodyguards for months” (Harry Shapiro,
Waiting for the Man: The Story of Drugs and Popular
Music, pp. 26, 27, 30, 31).
Drugs were a huge part of the jazz/blues scene.
“… it was widely felt among the jazz community that
marijuana helped the creation of jazz by removing
i n h i bit i on s a n d prov i d i n g s t i mu l at i o n a n d
confidence” (Shapiro, p. 32). A list of orchestras that
were busted for possession of marijuana read like the
who’s-who of the jazz world: Louis Armstrong, Count
Basie, Cab Calloway, Duke Ellington, Dizzy Gillespie,
Lionel Hampton, and many others. In the 1920s and
1930s, during the heyday of the jazz/blues era, there
were more than 100 songs about drug use. Many songs
that have become broadly popular incorporated drug
references. “La Cucaracha” “told of a cockroach who
couldn’t walk any longer because he didn’t have any
marijuana to smoke” (Waiting for the Man, p. 46).
“Tea for Two” mentioned longing to go to “Ceylon” for
“Ooolong.”
Consider the following examples of drug songs:
“Dreamed I had a hot pipe in my hand/ Owned a
million dollars down in poppy land/ I burn up tenthousand-dollar bills/ Everytime I light my pills” (“Pipe
Dream Blues,” 1924).
“Just give me one more sniffle/ Another sniffle of that
dope/ I’ll catch a cow like a cowboy/ Throw a bull
without a rope” (“Dope Head Blues,” 1928).
“Cocaine habit’s mighty bad/ It’s the worst ol’ habit that I
ever had” (“Cocaine Habit Blues,” 1930).
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“You never met the Reefer Man?/ Oh no? You never met
the Reefer Man?/ And yet you say you swam to China/
And you wanted to sell me South Carolina/ I believe you
know the Reefer Man” (“The Reefer Man,” 1932). [A
“reefer” is a marijuana cigarette.]
“Dreamed about a reefer five foot long/ The mighty
mezz, but not too strong…” (“If You’re a Viper,” 1938).
“Light up, I know how you feel/ You find what I mean in
any old field/ Now get your gig going/ I’ll say that’s the
thing/ Don’t let that man getcha/ Just puff on your cig
and blow those smoke rings” (“Light Up,” 1938).
After marijuana was banned in 1937, the lyrics to blues
songs became more obscure to thwart the law. Even before
that, many of the references to drugs were ambiguous. The
“Spinach Song” of 1943 was not about spinach! In Benny
Goodman’s 1933 “Texas Tea Party,” the singer begs his
woman to stop hiding “my tea.” Does anyone think he was
really talking about tea? How many bluesmen or jazzmen of
that day drank tea; and even if they did drink tea (which they
did not), why would their women hide their tea bags? The
song is about a woman who hides her man’s marijuana.
Like their blues forefathers, rock musicians are still hiding
references to drugs, immorality, and the occult under obscure
lyrics.
A 1935 blues song, “Old Jim Kinnane’s,” described the
ungodly atmosphere common to the establishments that were
home to ragtime, jazz, boogie-woogie, and the blues.
“The men and women running hand in hand/ going to
and fro to Old Jim Kinnane’s/ Drinking beer and
whiskey, sniffing cocaine/ and you ask me why I wish I
was back in old Jim Kinnane’s.”
Jim Kinnane was a mobster who owned the Monarch, the
fanciest gambling den on Beale Street in Memphis in the
early part of the twentieth century.
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The following biographies of influential bluesmen illustrate
the ungodliness that was intimately associated with the blues:
Jazz/blues trumpeter LOUIS ARMSTRONG (1901-1971)
married singer/pianist Lil Hardin in 1924. They divorced
their first spouses to pursue this marriage. Armstrong’s first
wife was a “hot-tempered prostitute” (Goin’ Back to Memphis,
p. 35). Hardin divorced Armstrong in 1932 because she “got
tired of Louis smoking that stuff [marijuana]. He smoked pot
just like you smoke regular cigarettes” (Larry Nager, Memphis
Beat, p. 94). Looking back on his music career, Armstrong
said: “My … memories will always be lots of beauty and
warmth from gage [marijuana]. Well, that was my life and I
don’t feel ashamed at all. Mary Warner [marijuana], honey,
you sure was good…” (Louis Armstrong, cited by Harry
Shapiro, Waiting for the Man, p. 25). Hardin was also tired of
Armstrong’s adulterous eye. “He and Lil fought over his
affairs, and separated on several occasions…” (Goin’ Back to
Memphis, p. 37). Louis Armstrong died in 1971 at age 69.
Though he claimed to have been born in 1900, a baptismal
certificate was discovered that put the date of birth at August
1901 (Penguin Encyclopedia of Popular Music).
BIG MAYBELLE (born Maybel Louise Smith)
(1924-1972), a popular blueswoman, started singing in a
church choir as a girl but joined The Sweethearts of Rhythm
when she was 12. In 1955, she made the first recording of
“Whole Lotta Shakin’ Goin’ On” and had many hits in the
1950s and 1960s. She died in 1972 at age 47. Frequent drug
problems contributed to her early death from a diabetic
coma.
SCRAPPER BLACKWELL (born Francis Hillman
Blackwell) (1903-1962), one of the most influential urban
blues guitarists, was shot to death in Indianapolis in 1962 at
age 59. He was a moonshiner. Blackwell’s piano-playing
partner, Leroy Carr (1905-1935), died at age 30 of alcoholism.
“The all-night parties and endless carousing took their
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toll” (The Big Book of Blues). Carr had spent a year in prison
for bootlegging.
SONNY BLAIR played harmonica and sang with the
Kings of Rhythm, who recorded what many have called the
first rock & roll record. That was “Rocket 88,” recorded by
Sun Records in Memphis in 1951. The alcoholic Blair died of
delirium tremens in 1966 at age 34.
LUCILLE BOGAN (also known as Bessie Jackson) wrote
“Shave ‘Em Dry,” one of the dirtiest of all the dirty blues
songs. She often dealt with immoral themes such as adultery,
prostitution, lesbianism. The bawdy blues singer died in 1948
at age 51.
JAMES BOOKER, an influential blues pianist who
recorded for Chess and Ace, died in 1983 at age 43 of a heart
attack from longstanding drug abuse. He claimed his drug
addiction began at age 10. He was arrested in 1970 for drug
possession and spent time in Angola State Prison. Before his
death, his behavior had become psychotic.
WALTER BOYD (1885-1949), known as LEADBELLY,
had gained a reputation for sexual prowess as a teenager
hanging around whorehouses and juke joints in the red light
district of Shreveport, Louisiana. There he learned to play
boogie-woogie on the guitar. He was an immoral and violent
man who bore scars on his neck and body “from attacks
challenging his claims on women” (Paul Oliver, The Story of
the Blues, p. 40). He had his throat cut in a Texas juke joint
and survived, but with an ugly scar that ran almost from ear
to ear (Deep Blues, p. 86). He spent a year on a county chain
gang for assaulting a woman. In 1917, Leadbelly was charged
with murder for shooting and killing another musician and
was sent to prison on a 30-year sentence. He escaped prison
and traveled and performed with Blind Lemon Jefferson,
another famous bluesman. Leadbelly described the effect
their blues music had on the licentious women who visited
the junk joints: “Cause when you get out there the women get
to drinkin’ … that thing fall over them, and that make us feel
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good and we tear those guitars all to pieces” (Oliver, The Story
of the Blues, p. 41).
JACKIE BRENSTON (1930-1979) was best known for the
1951 hit “Rocket 88,” which Sam Phillips of Sun Records and
others called the first rock & roll record. Some of the lyrics
said, “Goin’ round the corner and get a fifth/ Everybody in
my car’s gonna take a little nip.” Brenston died in 1979 at age
52 of a heart attack, having taking far too many “nips” in his
short lifetime.
WALTER BROWN was a “blues shouter” who wrote two
big hits, “Confessin’ the Blues” and “Hootie Blues.” He died in
1956 at age 38 of a drug addiction-related cause.
WILLIE LEE BROWN (1900-1952) was an influential
black delta bluesman. He lived the typical blues lifestyle,
fornicating, drinking, spending his time in the junk joints
and blues dives of the day. “His drinking had had its effect
and he was hospitalized in 1952” in Memphis and died there
of heart and liver failure at age 52.
BIG BOY CRUDUP recorded three blues songs that were
covered by Elvis Presley in the 1950s. Presley’s first Sun
Records hit in 1954 was Crudup’s “That’s All Right Mama.”
Crudup loved liquor, and one of the jobs of the sessions men
who backed up Crudup on his recordings for Bluebird
Records was to “make sure that Crudup got from the train
station to the studio without stopping at a bar or liquor
store” (When Was the First Rock ‘n’ Roll Record Made?, p. 19).
KING CURTIS was stabbed to death in 1971 at age 37
during an argument. His song “Soul Twist” was a hit in 1962.
He played the distinctive saxophone part for the No. 1 1958
hit “Yakety Yak (Don’t Talk Back).” This song glorified
teenage rebellion against parental restraint.
BLIND BOY FULLER (born Fulton Allen), one of the
most popular bluesmen of the 1930s, died in 1941 at age 32 of
blood poisoning resulting from a kidney ailment. He wrote
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classic blues standards such as “Step It Up and Go” and
“Truckin’ My Blues Away.”
CECIL GANT, black bluesman, died in 1951 at age 36 of
alcoholism-related pneumonia. Much of his music was “wild,
tough” boogie-woogie (Country: The Twisted Roots of Rock, p.
77). “His thumping, boogie blues piano style helped chart the
course rock & roll players like Jerry Lee Lewis would follow
in the 1950s. His song “Owl Stew” was “a private tribute to a
whorehouse” (Unsung Heroes of Rock ‘n’ Roll, p. 71).
GUITAR SLIM (born Eddie Jones) was best known for the
1954 million-selling hit “The Things I Used to Do.” “Slim
was . . . a guitarist whose slashing, volume-heavy sound
contained nearly all the essentials that rock guitarists would
later employ” (The Big Book of Blues). Bluesman Guitar Slim
also lived and died the rock & roll lifestyle. He was a “heavy
drinker and womanizer” whose “fast-paced life-style caught
up with him in New York in 1959.” He died that year at age 32
of bronchial pneumonia complicated by alcoholism.
PAT HARE (born Auburn ‘Pat” Hare), was an influential
blues guitarist who played in Howlin’s Wolf ’s first band. Rock
historian Robert Palmer called Hare the “power-chord king”
and described his playing as “gritty,” “nasty,” and “ferocious.”
Like most bluesmen, he was addicted to liquor. In 1964, he
was convicted for murdering his girlfriend and a policeman.
He died in prison in 1980 at age 49. One of the songs he
wrote and recorded was titled “I’m Gonna Murder My Baby.”
SLIM HARPO, blues singer, songwriter and guitarist, died
in 1970 at age 46 of a heart attack. His song “I’m a King Bee”
was later covered by the Rolling Stones.
WYNONIE HARRIS (1915-1969), who had “hell-raising
vocals, razor-sharp stage moves, and lady-killing looks,” was
an extremely popular rhythm & blues “shouter” of the 1940s
and early 1950s. He was called “Mr. Blues.” His parents were
“church-going Baptists who wanted Wynonie to become a
doctor” (Unsung Heroes of Rock ‘n’ Roll, p. 46). Instead, he
gave himself to the lusts of the flesh. “He has been
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remembered by those who knew him as a wild man, a
creature of lurid excesses” (Unsung Heroes, p. 51). He was
“very loud and very vulgar.” His songs and performances
focused on sex. He was involved in violent episodes, and once
he was shot by a jealous husband. “Many of Harris’s risqué
stage moves were reputedly copied by Elvis Presley” (The Big
Book of Blues). Harris broke up with his first wife in 1946 and
remarried, but he also lived with many other women. Harris
had a massive 1948 hit with “Good Rockin’ Tonight,” which
was later recorded by Elvis. It is probable that Harris, “who
had a reputation for drinking,” was drunk when he recorded
the song in December 1947, because he couldn’t remember
the right words and made ad lib substitutions (What Was the
First Rock ‘n’ Roll Record?, p. 31). The song, described as a
“celebration of nightlife,” was about meeting a girl “behind
the barn,” and it mocked Christianity by saying that “Deacon
Jones and Elder Brown, two of the sleekest cats in town,
they’ll be there just wait and see, stompin’ and a-jumpin’ at
the jamboree.” Many of his hits, such as “Bloodshot Eyes” and
“Drinkin’ Wine,” were about liquor. Harris died in 1969 at age
53 of cancer but his drinking had contributed to his early
grave.
CHARLIE HICKS (or Lincoln) was an influential blues
guitarist/singer in Atlanta in the 1920s. He teamed with his
brother, Barbecue Bob Hicks, as a duo. Both brothers lived
the licentious blues lifestyle. Bob died in 1931 at age 29 of
pneumonia. Charlie became a drunkard, and was sent to
prison for murder in 1956, dying there in 1963 at age 63.
BILLIE HOLIDAY (born Eleanora Fagan) (1915-1959), a
famous jazz/blues singer, grew up in the home of an uncaring
aunt and was sent to a Catholic reformatory at age 10. By age
15, she was a prostitute. “Even being a prostitute was a matter
of pride for Holiday; she knew she could make more in one
night than in a whole month doing laundry and, as she said
herself, she was never going to be anybody’s maid” (Waiting
for the Man, p. 84). Holiday abused herself through massive
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doses of drugs and alcohol. She was a self-willed woman who
refused to listen to advice. “It was about as much good telling
her not to get involved with somebody as it was to tell her to
stop using drugs or getting drunk” (Ibid., p. 86). She died in
July 1959 at age 44 of heroin- and alcohol-related causes.
JOE HOLMES (1897-1949), influential black blues player
and friend of Blind Lemon Jefferson, died in 1949 at age 52
from alcohol abuse. He recorded songs for Paramount
Records under the name KING SOLOMON HILL. His
identity was a mystery for many years until blues researcher
Gayle Dean Wardlow solved the puzzle in the 1960s. Holmes
drank heavily and smoked constantly. He was involved in
violent confrontations at juke joints. His wife says, “Joe just
kept right on, just like he was going straight to the
devil” (Chasin’ That Devil Music, p. 6). He died at age 52 of
internal hemorrhaging.
EDDIE “SON” HOUSE, who recorded blues for
Paramount, grew up in a Christian home and preached his
first sermon at age 15. He became a Baptist pastor by age 20,
but he had an immoral relationship with an older woman and
ran off with her. After that relationship broke up, House
started drinking, playing the blues, and living the blues
lifestyle. His pathetic life story seems to be contained in the
old blues song “Preachin’ the Blues”: “Oh, and I had religion,
Lord, this very day/ . . . But the womens and whiskey, well
they would not let me pray.” House recorded this song in
1930. “At times his singing took on a barking tone and it was
an extraordinar y physical as well as emotional
performance” (Oliver, The Story of the Blues, p. 133). Though
Son House outwardly appeared very committed to church life
as a child and young man, there were great inconsistencies in
his private life even then. He told an interviewer that he was
rebellious as a teenager, that he even secretly rooted for the
outlaws when he watched westerns (Deep Blues, p. 82). Son
House shot a man to death in a drunken house party or juke
joint in 1928 and was sentenced to prison.
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HOWLIN’ WOLF (Chester Arthur Burnett) (1910-1976)
was one of the famous Delta bluesmen. His nickname was
given to him as a child, “supposedly a reflection of his
mischievous behavior.” He was “one of the most influential
musicians of the post-World War II era, and his electric
Chicago blues—featuring his deep, lupine voice—shaped
rock & roll” (Rolling Stone Encyclopedia). His had a
“booming, rough-edged voice that bellowed like a demon in
the throes of a godly presence” (Goin’ Back to Memphis, p.
76). Burnett began playing the guitar on street corners and in
juke joints at age 17. His first band, formed in 1948 in
Memphis, was called the House Rockers. They played in
whorehouses and gambling/drinking dens. He began making
records in 1951. Like the blues in general, many of Howlin’
Wolf ’s songs were extremely lewd. The rock & roll crowd has
loved them, though, and his songs have been recorded by
many famous rock groups, such as Led Zeppelin, The Doors,
the Yardbirds, the Grateful Dead, Little Feat, and the Rolling
Stones. Howlin’ Wolf ’s stage performances “presaged later
rock-and-roll antics.” “He would jump about the stage like an
angry man trying to work off dangerous steam, or wriggle on
the floor as if he was in unbearable pain, or whoop and howl
and hoot like someone who had succumbed to the worst of
demons” (The Big Book of Blues). By the time he was 60,
Howlin’ Wolf ’s health was gone. He suffered many heart
attacks and died at age 65 of kidney failure.
Bluesman ELMORE JAMES (1918-1963), the illegitimate
son of a 15-year-old farmhand, loved moonshine and “was
very popular with the women.” His first marriage lasted only
a short time, and he began rambling about and playing the
blues. He played and drank all night in the juke joints and
vanished for weeks at a time to live a hobo life. Like Blind Joe
Reynolds, James learned that if he was “down on his luck” he
could go into churches and pretend to be a preacher and
often they would give him money. James died at age 45 from
heart disease brought on by his hard drinking.
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BLIND LEMON JEFFERSON (1897-1930), one of most
influential bluesmen of the ’20s and the father of boogiewoogie, died at age 33 when he suffered a heart attack and
was left on the streets of Chicago to die of exposure just
before Christmas. Jefferson coined the term “booger rooger”
which later became “boogie-woogie.” It refers to a licentious
party. One of the songs he recorded was “The Black Snake
Moan.”
LITTLE WILLIE JOHN (born William J. Woods) had
many hits in the 1950s and ’60s, including “Fever” in 1956.
He started out singing gospel music with his brothers and
sisters in a group called United Five. He was a heavy drinker
and quick tempered, always ready for a fight in spite of his
small stature. In 1964, he was charged with assault in Miami,
but he fled bail and traveled to the West Coast. There he
killed a man in a bar fight and was convicted of
manslaughter. He died in prison in 1968 at age 30 of a heart
attack or pneumonia.
ROBERT JOHNSON (1911-1938), often called the father
of modern rock & roll, was a groundbreaking blues guitarist
who helped create the foundation for modern rock music.
Born in Hazelhurst, Mississippi, he was an illegitimate child
and grew up in a number of homes, eventually spending his
teen years with his mother and a stepfather. Unwilling to
abide by his stepfather’s rules about not hanging out at
Saturday night dances and juke joints, Johnson left home to
seek his fame and fortune in music.
Johnson, an “erratic, often moody” man, was a drinker, a
gambler, and a womanizer. He sang his philosophy of life in
the song “Saddle My Pony”: “I don’t wanna marry, just wanna
be your man.” Johnson married his first wife, 16-year-old
Virginia Travis, in 1929, but she died a year later in
childbirth. The child also died. When Johnson married
Calletta Craft in 1931, he demanded that the union be kept
secret, lest it hinder his licentious lifestyle. He soon
abandoned her, and she died after suffering a nervous
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breakdown. “Women, to Robert, were like motel or hotel
rooms: even if he used them repeatedly he left them where he
found them ... The relationship ended when their husbands
came home or Johnson moved on” (Johnny Shines, an
associate of Robert Johnson, cited by Guralnick, Searching for
Robert Johnson, pp. 24-25). Many of Johnson’s songs were
about lewd themes. “Terraplane Blues,” his first 78 rpm
single, “was a lewd composition that compared his woman to
an automobile.
Johnson claimed that he was taught to play the guitar by
the devil himself, whom he met at midnight at a crossroad.
The idea has its origin in African occultic folklore.
“The guardian of the crossroads was called Esu, a deity
believed to be an intermediary between the gods and
man. As Christian missionaries brought the teachings of
Christianity to the African tribes, many of the pagan
gods became associated with the concept of the devil.
Thus, the crossroads became a place where man could
meet the devil” (Hellhounds on Their Trail, p. 29).
The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock and Roll observes
that many of Johnson’s recordings “evince a haunting,
otherworldly inspiration.” His blues had “a brooding sense of
torment and despair” (Peter Guralnick, Searching for Robert
Johnson, p. 2).
“His reputation for communion with the supernatural was
enhanced by his habit of frequently altering his appearance
and manner and adopting a host of aliases” (Rock Lives, p. 7).
Three of Johnson’s songs were titled “Crossroads Blues” (a
reference to selling one’s soul to the devil at a crossroads at
midnight), “Me and the Devil Blues,” and “Hellhound on My
Trail.” The lyrics to “Me and the Devil Blues” include: “You
may bury my body down by the highway side/ so my old evil
spirit can get a Greyhound bus and ride.”
“The most fearsome of all the inaugural tracks Johnson
laid down in 1936 was ‘Crossroad Blues,’ in which he snarls
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through gritted teeth of the dire predicament of finally
finding himself stuck on a darkened crossroads with Lucifer
laughing in the wings” (Rock Lives, p. 8).
A 1946 history of jazz described “Hellhound on My Trail”
as follows: “The images … are full of evil, surcharged with the
terror of one alone among the moving, unseen shapes of the
night. Wildly and terribly, the notes paint a dark wasteland,
starless, ululate with bitter wind, swept by the chill
rain” (Shining Trumpets: A History of Jazz, 1946, p. 122).
The “blues” was so named because it focused on earthbound, despondent, immoral themes. “Johnson’s vision was
of a world without salvation, redemption or rest” (Greil
Marcus, Mystery Train). His music has been described as
“rough” and “wild-animal like” (Guralnick, p. 58). He sang
“as a doomed man thinking out loud, feeling with each
cutting tug of the frets that he’ll never get out of his blues
alive” (Rock Lives, p. 7).
Johnson did not record any songs until November 1936,
less than two years before his death. He recorded a total of
only 29 songs (for which he received about $100), but his
unique styling vastly influenced that generation of black
bluesmen who, in turn, powerfully influenced rock and roll
in the ’50s. These included Muddy Waters, Son House,
Johnny Shines, and Howlin’ Wolf. “Johnson’s persona and his
songs introduced a musical and lyrical vocabulary that are
the basis of the modern blues and blues-based rock.”
A release of Johnson’s Complete Recordings in 1990 sold
more than one-half million copies. Some of his songs have
been recorded by famous and influential rock groups and
musicians such as the Rolling Stones, Eric Clapton, Cream,
Led Zeppelin, and Elmore James.
Johnson helped invent the sliding style of playing blues on
the guitar and a “walking bass style” adapted from boogiewoogie piano. These were sensual styles which enhanced a
sensual type of music that often dealt with immoral themes
and that fit the licentious context of junk joints. Music is a
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language, and Robert Johnson’s music was sensual and
fleshly: “This sound affected most women in a way that I
could never understand” (Guralnick, Searching for Robert
Johnson, p. 59).
Johnson died on August 16, 1938, at age 27 of wood
alcohol or strychnine. He was poisoned by a jealous husband.
“Johnny Shines, among others, claimed that he died after
three days of excruciating pain. On the day he died, Johnson
reportedly fell to his knees and barked and howled like a
dog” (Hellhounds on Their Trail, p. 31). Johnson’s body was
placed in a pine box supplied by the county, and he was
buried in an unmarked grave. Johnson died on the same day
and month as another famous blues lover named Elvis
Presley. They died 45 years apart.
We see that Robert Johnson’s life and music was a perfect
forerunner to that of the rock & roll crowd that has recorded
his music and idolized his memory.
TOMMY JOHNSON (c. 1896-1956) (probably no relation
to Robert Johnson) was another of the influential black
bluesmen. He recorded songs for Victor and Paramount. Like
Robert Johnson, Tommy claimed that he acquired his blues
talent by selling his soul to the devil.
“Johnson, like other blues singers of that period, had
countless women. Ledell [his brother] remembers that
Tommy had so many wives that Ledell could hardly
count or keep up with them. ‘Tommy he never kept no
woman very long. He had one for a while and then just
up and left her when he had a notion. He stayed on the
move all the time...’” (Gayle Wardlow, Chasin’ That Devil
Music, pp. 108-109).
As a teenager, Tommy ran away from home with an older
woman. When he was about 20, he “stole” 14-year-old
Maggie Bedwell Campbell away from her home and married
her. They fought “all the time” and he soon left her and had
many other wives and live-in girlfriends. Johnson would get
so drunk during recording sessions that it was hard for him
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to make records. “That boy would drink anything—bay rum,
canned heat, shoe polish, moonshine, Solo—anything that
had alcohol in it” (Wardlow, Chasin’ That Devil Music, p.
109).
Johnson’s violent attitude toward his musical instruments
foreshadowed modern rock & rollers: “Tommy Johnson had
little ‘respect’ for musical instruments. Ledell recalls, ‘... wasn’t
nothing for him to break or tear up a $50 or $60 guitar when
he got mad at a woman’” (Wardlow, p. 110).
Johnson died in 1956 at roughly age 58 of alcohol abuse.
“Tom, he was already embalmed before he died. He drank so
much of that Solo [a paint remover with a high alcohol
content] that it ate his insides up. One pint of that stuff makes
a gallon of whiskey. That’s what killed him, drinking that kind
of stuff.” Johnson’s song “Canned Heat Blues” dealt with
irrational drunkenness. The 1960s rock group Canned Heat
took its name from this song.
Tommy Johnson’s brother, Ledell, chose a different and a
much wiser path of life than his bluesman brother. Blues
researcher Gayle Dean Wardlow, who interviewed Ledell,
made this observation about the 75-year-old man: “How
would I describe him? As a gentleman who lives a Christian
life, is still active, preaches when the opportunity arises, and
has a keen memory” (Wardlow, Chasin’ That Devil Music, p.
110). Serving Jesus Christ brings blessing not only in eternity
but in this life, as well!
Shortly before he died, Tommy Johnson met with Ishmon
Bracey and asked him to pray for him. Bracey had played the
blues and lived a wicked life alongside of Johnson before his
conversion to Jesus Christ in 1951. After that, he preached
the gospel. Johnson told Bracey that he wished he could stop
drinking and could start preaching like him.
“He told me to pray for him, and he want to stop but
look like he couldn’t. I told him he had to make up his
mind and pray too. ‘Thank the Lord’ I told him, and he
swear that he would. And he wants to be a preachin’ like
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I was, he say. And so he left me an’ it got on me so
strong, I had to cry when he left. He’s cryin’ and I’s cryin’.
My wife was cryin’. And it just hurt me so bad to see him
that way … And the next news I heard he was dead.
That hurt me worse” (Wardlow, Chasin’ That Devil
Music, p. 52).
B.B. KING (born Riley B.) (b. 1925), called the King of the
Blues, started his music career singing in church groups. In
his biography, he admits that his early love for church had to
do with sensual experiences. “Church was the highlight of the
week. Church was not only a warm spiritual experience, it
was exciting entertainment, it was where I could sit next to a
pretty girl, and mostly it was where the music got all over my
body and made me wanna jump” (Blues All Around Me, p.
16). The gospel music played at the church B.B. King attended
with his mother was extremely jazzy. Memphis music
historian Larry Nager admits that by the 1950s black gospel
music “was sounding a lot like secular R & B” (Memphis Beat,
p. 179).
By his own admission, King’s first loves are jazzy music and
immoral sex, and he understands that the two go together
like a hand and glove. As a teenager he would sneak out to
juke joints such as the “Jones Night Spot” to hear blues and
boogie-woogie and to excite himself by watching the women
dance. He noticed even then that the boogie-woogie rhythms
affected women sexually.
In his early ’20s, he went to Memphis to live with his
cousin, bluesman Bukka White, to seek his fortune playing
the blues in clubs on Beale Street. He testified that going to
Beale Street “was a little like going to heaven” (Blues All
Around Me, p. 103). In reality, Beale Street was a wicked place
that was infamous for its prostitutes and drinking/gambling
establishments. Music producer Jim Dickinson called it “the
center of all evil in the known universe” (James Dickerson,
Goin’ Back to Memphis, p. 27).
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B.B. King worked as a disc jockey and musician and was
called the “Beale Street Blues Boy.” This was shorted to “Blues
Boy” and eventually, to “B.B.” He describes the night he first
played a live performance at a blues club: “That night I
couldn’t sleep for the pictures running through my head.
Ladies were in the pictures, for sure. I saw them dressed and
undressed … My mind was alive with the sound of my own
music and the way women had reacted to my voice, THEIR
BODIES FLOWING TO A RHYTHM COMING OUT OF
MY GUITAR…” (emphasis added) (Blues All Around Me, p.
117).
This frank description of the musings of a bluesman (most
of which we cannot print) destroys the myth that blues/rock
is innocent music that can be used by God’s people. It is NOT
innocent or wholesome music. It is sensual and worldly and
devilish IN ITS VERY RHYTHMS, and the Bible forbids
God’s people to associate with it.
B.B. King became internationally famous in the 1970s and
’80s, and has a large following among rock musicians,
including the Rolling Stones and Eric Clapton.
King was a heavy drinker and admits that listening to blues
songs such as “Bad, Bad Whiskey” and “One Scotch, One
Bourbon, One Beer” “made me wanna take one more
drink” (Blues All Around Me, p. 128). This reminds us that
music does have a powerful influence upon those who hear it.
Since the themes of many of the blues/rock/country songs are
about immoral things such as liquor and adultery, it is no
surprise that those who listen to that type of music are
commonly drawn into immoral things.
King has been married and divorced twice. He has fathered
15 children by 15 women. After decades of trouble brought
on by his blues lifestyle (drinking, immorality, divorces,
gambling, pornography, failure to pay taxes), B.B. King
decided to return to church. He tells about this in chapter 17
of his biography, but also admits that he did not give up his
immoral ways and he says nothing about being born again. In
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fact, he says that he is not certain about life after death (Blues
All Around Me, pp. 198, 294) and he believes Christianity,
Islam, and Judaism all might lead to God (p. 292).
FREDDIE KING, a pioneering blues guitarist and a major
influence on rock guitarists, died in 1976 at age 42 of
bleeding ulcers and heart failure.
BABY FACE LEROY (born Leroy Foster), whose work
with Muddy Waters and others contributed to the birth of the
modern Chicago blues sound, died in 1958 of a massive heart
attack, “due, most likely, to his excessive drinking and racy
lifestyle.”
WILLIE LOVE, Delta blues pianist, was best known for
his work with Sonny Boy Williamson. His excessive drinking
led to pneumonia, which killed him in 1953 when he was 46
years old.
SAM MAGIC (born Sam Maghett), influential Chicago
electric blues guitarist and vocalist who helped originate the
“West Side guitar style” that in turn influenced rock music,
died in 1969 at age 32 of a heart attack.
Famous blueswoman MEMPHIS MINNIE (real name was
Lizzie Douglas), was the top blueswoman of the 1940s and
’50s. She grew up on a farm near Memphis, Tennessee, but
hated the work and often ran away from home to explore the
immoral fares of Beale Street. “As a teen she learned to play
the guitar; she also learned to exploit her sexuality. An
attractive woman with a petite build, she learned at an early
age that Beale Street had what she wanted: money and
recognition” (Goin’ Back to Memphis, p. 48).
Her music matched her lewd lifestyle. Some of the songs,
such as “Hustlin’ Woman Blues” and “You Can’t Give It
Away,” were about prostitution. She was also violent. “When
angered, she would reach for whatever was handy—her
guitar, a pistol, a knife—and she was not timid about using
violence to get her way” (Ibid., p. 45). She began her blues
career in Memphis then moved to Chicago with her second
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husband, Joe “Son” McCoy, in the early 1930s. She left McCoy
in 1935 and married Ernest “Son” Lawlar. In the late 1950s,
she moved back to Memphis, but she had a stroke soon
thereafter that left her wheelchair bound and unable to speak
for the rest of her life. Lawlar died in 1961. Minnie died in
1973 and was buried in an unmarked grave. “In the final
years of her life, she spent her days in a wheelchair, weeping,
a voiceless, pitiful creature, alone, without sex or
music” (Goin’ Back to Memphis, p. 50).
MILTON “MEZZ” MEZZROW (1899-1972), famous jazz/
bluesman, was born into a respectable middle-class Jewish
family in Chicago; but he was a juvenile delinquent, hanging
around poolrooms, stealing, fighting. At age 16, he was sent
to a reformatory for stealing a car. There he fell in love with
jazz/blues music, and after his release he learned to play the
saxophone. Liquor and marijuana (also called muggles, muta,
gage, tea, reefer, grifa, Mary Warner, Mary Jane, rosa maria,
weed, grass) were a big part of the jazz world, and Mezzrow
became a drug dealer. “… it was widely felt among the jazz
community that marijuana helped the creation of jazz by
removing inhibitions and providing stimulation and
confidence” (Waiting for the Man, p. 32). When he moved
from Chicago to New York, Mezzrow brought high quality
Mexican marijuana into the Harlem jazz community. In New
York, Mezzrow began to use opium and from 1931 to 1935
“spent a large part of his time in a cleaned-out six-foot-square
coal bin which served as an opium pad” (Waiting for the Man,
p. 37). In 1940, he was arrested for dealing marijuana and was
imprisoned for three years.
AMOS MILBURN (1927-1980), popular rhythm & blues
pianist, singer, and bandleader, had a stroke at age 40 that left
him partially paralyzed. He suffered other strokes and the
amputation of a leg before he died 12 years later in 1980 at
age 52. Many of his songs dealt with liquor consumption,
including “Bad Bad Whiskey,” “Thinking and Drinking,”
“One Scotch, One Bourbon, One Beer,” “Let Me Go Home
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Whiskey,” “Just One More Drink,” “Good Good Whiskey,”
“Vicious Vicious Vodka,” and “Juice Juice.” His songs “Let’s
Rock a While” in 1951 and “Rock, Rock, Rock” in 1952 were
lively jump blues which were basically rock & roll. Milburn
became a Christian in the later years of his life and would not
allow any liquor in his home. He testified: “I was a heavy
drinker. I loved that Scotch. And the devil kept tellin’ me: Go
on, Amos, drink all you want to, it’ll never hurt you none. I
drank myself into two strokes” (Unsung Heroes of Rock ‘n’
Roll, p. 72).
RICE MILLER (b. 1899) was one of the bluesmen who
played for the popular King Biscuit Time radio program in the
1940s. He grew up in a broken home and after a final violent
confrontation with his stepfather, he left home and lived the
blues lifestyle. Like most bluesmen, he played church music
as a boy, but he was not serious about Jesus Christ and had a
reputation of being unreliable and dishonest. He “was always
a steady drinker, carrying a hip flask of whiskey and pulling
from it continually” (Deep Blues, p. 183). He “spent money as
fast as he made it, usually on gambling, whiskey, and
women.” He spent much time in jail. One bluesman called
Miller “real evil” (Ibid., p. 183). He had a violent temper and
took offense at the slightest thing. On a tour in England, he
attacked another blues singer with a knife at a London hotel.
Bluesman JELLY ROLL MORTON sold drugs and ran
prostitutes (Harry Shapiro, Waiting for the Man, p. 31).
PHINEAS NEWBORN, JR. and his brother Calvin were
well-known bluesmen on Beale Street in Memphis before
Phineas moved to New York. Their father was “one of the
most in-demand drummers on Beale, playing in most of the
top bands.” “In the early fifties, the Newborn family band was
one of the hottest acts on the Memphis club scene, boasting
Phineas’s blues-to-ballads-to-bebop-to-boogie piano stylings,
C a l v i n’s w i l d g u i t a r p l a y i n g a n d e v e n w i l d e r
showmanship” (Larry Nager, Memphis Beat, p. 100). The
Newborn band was one of the blues acts that influenced
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young Elvis Presley during the early days of his music career.
Phineas could not overcome his drug and alcohol addictions
and was occasionally committed to mental hospitals during
the ’60s and ’70s. He died in 1989 at age 57 from drug- and
alcohol-induced heart illness.
CHARLIE PARKER, jazz/blues saxophonist, died in 1955
at age 34 of a hemorrhage. He had long been addicted to
drugs, and had been institutionalized in 1946. “Prior to a gig,
he might consume two three-course dinners or two dozen
hamburgers, washed down with torrents of whiskey and
followed by a gargantuan whack of heroin. After the gig, the
women who had taken his fancy that night would follow him
to bed” (Waiting for the Man, p. 69). Richard Freeman, a
psychiatrist who treated Parker, said that except for his music,
Parker was just another potential mental patient dumped in a
hospital (Waiting for the Man, p. 69). The star trumpet player
in Charlie Parker’s quintet, Red Rodney, was sentenced to five
years in prison for heroin possession in 1953. He was released
on parole in 1955 but was back on heroin within two weeks
and returned to burglary as a means of obtaining money for
drugs.
JUNIOR PARKER (1932-1971) was an influential
Memphis bluesman and a member of the original Howlin’
Wolf band. His song “Mystery Train” was made popular when
Elvis Presley recorded it during his sessions with Sun
Records. Parker died in 1971 at age 39 of a brain tumor.
CHARLIE PATTON (1890-1934) was a popular black
blues player who was born on the same plantation on which
Son House and Willie Brown were born. He recorded songs
for Paramount and Vocalion and had an influence on other
well-known bluesmen. Patton’s performances were like rock
& roll. “It was not uncommon for him to play the guitar
between his knees or behind his back. He also played the
instrument loud and rough. Patton jumped around and used
the back of his guitar like a drum. He was a showman who
made histrionics a part of the music” (The Big Book of Blues).
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Charlie’s father was an elder in a Baptist church and a parttime preacher, and like most bluesmen Charlie began his
music career by singing church songs. When Charlie started
playing the blues, his father looked upon it as a sin. “To a
man of God, guitar picking was a sin, and playing reels and
other sinful tunes at parties and picnics where gambling and
fornication were rampant was tantamount to selling one’s
soul to the Devil. So when Bill [Charlie Patton’s father]
caught his son making [worldly] music, he considered it his
Christian duty to deliver stern warnings and, as the warnings
continued to go unheeded, increasingly severe corporal
punishment” (Deep Blues, p. 51).
Charlie ignored his father and the Bible and chose to waste
his life on liquor and loose women. Though he would
periodically attempt to reform his life, he always returned to
his immoral ways. Patton had many wives and girlfriends,
and his songs often contained “dirty lyrics.” “Cocky and often
belligerent,” he drank heavily and frequently fought with his
wives and girlfriends and with men at the jukes. Sometimes
he even beat his women with his guitar (Deep Blues, p. 57).
He had a large scar across his neck from a knifing that almost
took his life. He also was injured in a shooting in a nightclub.
“Perpetually drunk and abusive … he took considerable
pleasure in beating his eight common-law wives” (Rock Lives,
p. 7).
Like most blues players, he spent his time providing
entertainment in immoral juke joints and at the “crappers,”
which were places where blacks would congregate secretly to
play illegal crap games [gambling with dice] and to drink
illegal whiskey. Patton died in 1934 at age 44 of a heart attack
after years of abusing alcohol.
LITTLE ESTHER PHILLIPS (born Esther Mae Jones),
one of the most popular female rhythm & blues vocalists,
died in 1984 at age 48 of substance abuse related kidney and
liver failure. She learned to sing in church but devoted her
talents to the service of the world and the flesh.
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MA RAINEY (born Gertrude Pridgett) (1886-1939),
called the “Mother of the Blues,” influenced subsequent
generations of female blues singers. Many of her songs were
risqué, and offstage she “was known to be sexually
promiscuous” (The Big Book of Blues). She was bisexual
(Oliver, The Story of the Blues, p. 68). She died in 1939 at age
53 of a heart attack.
BLIND JOE REYNOLDS (born Joe Sheppard)
(1900-1968) went by several aliases in an attempt to escape
the law and jealous husbands and boyfriends. He had many
violent episodes, including two shootings, one of an uncle
and one of a white man. Sometime between 1925 and 1927 he
got into a gun fight with another man and was shot in the
face with buckshot, blinding him for the rest of his life and
disfiguring his face with pellet scars. He was involved in
“much devilment,” including stealing, and spent two terms in
the penitentiary. He was not a church goer, but, like Elmer
James, when Reynolds got into tight spots he pretended to be
a preacher in an attempt to deceive churches into giving him
offerings. Some of his songs, such as “Outside Woman” and
“Third Street Woman Blues,” were about immoral sexual
relationships. “Outside Woman,” which is about having an
adulterous relationship with a mistress, was recorded on a
best-selling album by the 1960s rock band Cream. At one
point, he was reported to have had two wives, and he fathered
several children out of wedlock. He had a stroke on March
10, 1968, and died two weeks later, of pneumonia.
BESSIE SMITH (1894-1935) was “the greatest and most
influential classic blues singer of the 1920s.” Her music was
brazen and rebellious, as was her lifestyle. The song “’Taint
Nobody’s Bizness If I Do” said: “If I go to church on Sunday/
Then just shimmy down on Monday/ ‘Tain’t nobody’s
business if I do, do, do.”
The fact is that it is the church’s business how its members
live. If a church member lives in sin and refuses to repent, the
Bible says the church is to discipline him (1 Corinthians 5).
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Christians are commanded by God to exhort one another
daily about the way they live their lives (Hebrews 3:13).
Bessie Smith followed the standard blues philosophy of
rebellion. “Thanks to an assertive personality and an
emancipated, often excessive life-style that included much
drinking, frequent fistfights, wild sexual encounters with
both men and women, and little tolerance of people who
aimed to exploit her, Smith became a black cultural
symbol” (The Big Book of Blues).
She sang: “I’m a young woman and ain’t done runnin’ roun’
… I ain’t gonna marry, ain’t gonna settle down/ I’m gonna
drink good moonshine an’ run these browns down.”
In September 1935, as she and her live-in boyfriend were
driving in Mississippi, their car struck an oncoming truck,
and she bled to death from her injuries. She was 39 years old.
CLARENCE “PINETOP” SMITH (1904-1929) recorded
the first song to contain the term boogie-woogie, “Pinetop’s
Boogie Woogie,” in 1928. His style “influenced practically
every noted boogie-woogie piano player that came after him.”
Smith was murdered in a barroom brawl in 1929 at age 24.
BIG JOE TURNER (1911-1985), who had the 1954 hit
“Shake, Rattle, and Roll,” started singing boogie woogie,
tending bars and “making runs for bootleg whiskey” as a
teenager. Throughout the 1940s, he “veered more and more
towards that style that eventually would be known as rock ‘n’
roll” (Unsung Heroes of Rock ‘n’ Roll, p. 25). Many of the songs
were immoral and some were violent. The 1941 recording
“Nobody in Mind” said, “I’ll cut your head, just like I’d cut a
block of wood.” Many other songs were about liquor. Turner
was married many times and said, “Whatever money I’ve
made, the wives about got it all” (Ibid., p. 29). When rock &
roll became popular in the 1950s, Turner said, “It wasn’t but a
different name for the same music I been singing all my life.”
COONIE VAUGHN, who recorded solo and with Blind
Roosevelt Graves for ARC Records, died in the 1950s when
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he was run over by a train as he lay on the tracks in a
drunken stupor. He was roughly 43 years old. Vaughn had
spent time in the Alabama State Penitentiary for shooting
and killing a man.
LITTLE WALTER (born Marion Walter Jacobs),
groundbreaking blues harmonica player, died in 1968 at age
37 of head injuries suffered in a Chicago street fight. He was
known for his “excessive drinking and eagerness to fight at
the slightest provocation.”
MUDDY WATERS (real name McKinley Morganfield)
(1915-1983), called “the father of Chicago Blues,” had a great
impact on rock & roll music. Muddy Waters was raised in a
Baptist church; and when he first started playing blues music
as a teenager, his grandmother warned him of its spiritual
dangers. Sadly, he did not heed her counsel and he spent his
mature years not in church in the service of Jesus Christ, but
in bars and nightclubs in the service of the world, the flesh,
and the devil:
“My grandmother told me when I first picked that
harmonica up, she said, ‘Son, you’re sinning. You’re
playing for the Devil. Devil’s gonna get you.’ ... I used to
belong to church. I was a good old Baptist, singing in
church. ... I wanted to be known. I wanted to be an
outstanding man. I wanted to be known by some
peoples. Not just two or three peoples knowing me. I
wanted to be known around the country” (James
Rooney, Bossmen: Bill Monroe and Buddy Waters, pp.
105, 107).
Before he died, Muddy Waters admitted that the blues was
his religion (Rooney, p. 137).
Before he moved to Chicago, he operated a juke joint, sold
moonshine, and operated gambling games. He put his first
wife out of the house and brought in a girlfriend. When he
moved to Chicago, he took the girlfriend with him, but the
relationship did not last. He remarried, and after the second
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wife died, he married a 25-year-old girl in 1979 when he was
64 (Robert Palmer, Deep Blues).
Waters helped popularize the use of the electric guitar. One
of the reasons he wanted to amplify his guitar was to “cut
through the talking, hustling, laughing, and fighting” in the
juke joints (Rooney, p. 112).
He moved to Chicago in 1943, formed a blues band, and
became one of the top recording artists with Chess Records.
His band was composed exactly like a modern rock band:
two lead guitars, a bass guitar, drums, piano (and sometimes
a harmonica) and featured a “rocking backbeat and an
unfiltered down-home intensity.”
He described his music in terms of the steady syncopated
beat: “The big drop after beat on the drum formed the
foundation of my blues. Nothing fancy—just a straight heavy
beat with it” (Rooney, p. 120).
That is a good definition of rock & roll. Many famous rock
guitarists, including Eric Clapton, Mike Bloomfield, Jimmy
Hendrix, and Bob Dylan, admit that they have been strongly
influenced by Muddy Waters.
Like the blues in general, and like rock music which built
upon the blues, Muddy Waters’ music was often immoral.
Consider some of the lyrics to his 1948 song, “Rollin’ Stone”
— I went to my baby’s house/ And I sat down on her stairs/
She said, ‘Come on in now Muddy/ know my husband’s left/
sho’ ’nuff, just done left/ Well my mother told my father/ Just
before I was born/ I got a boy-child comin’/ Gonna be/ He’s
gonna be a rolling stone/ Sho’ ’nuff, he’s a rolling stone.”
The infamous Rolling Stones rock group took their name
from this Muddy Water’s song.
Henry Stong, harmonica player in Muddy Waters’ band,
was stabbed to death by his girlfriend in 1954 at age 34. He
bled to death in the back of Muddy Waters’ automobile. In
October 1969, the car Muddy Waters was riding in was
wrecked. His driver was killed and Muddy was badly injured.
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BOOKER T. WASHINGTON “BUKKA” WHITE
(1909-1977) was an older cousin to B.B. King. He lived the
rough-house, licentious blues lifestyle and was sentenced to
the Parchman Farm prison in the 1930s for shooting a man
during a fight. (B.B. King’s biography says Bukka killed two
men.) With his blues musician friend George “Bullet”
Williams, White sometimes drank Sterno cooking fuel. After
he was released “he could think of hardly anything else but
trains, drink, prison and death, the subjects of all his
blues” (Chasin’ That Devil Music, p. 102).
GEORGE “BULLET” WILLIAMS, bluesman who played
with Bukka White, died in the early 1940s of acute
alcoholism at roughly age 32. He reportedly drank rubbing
alcohol and shoe polish.
Bluesman LARRY WILLIAMS, who had hits such as
“Bony Moroni” and “Short Fat Fannie,” was convicted of
narcotics trafficking in the ’60s and also ran a prostitution
ring. He committed suicide in 1980 at age 44 by shooting
himself in the head.
This is only a small sampling of the ungodliness that was
associated with the blues.
“Sex, drugs, and rock & roll” is not just a saying. It has
expressed the truth of rock music since its inception.
2. Like rock, the blues was associated with violence.
The blues musicians were frequently involved in violence,
and the juke joints were places where violence often broke
out.
“One of the major hazards for a prewar bluesman was
the ever-present danger of violence from jealous or
drunken husbands and boyfriends. ... It was not
uncommon in the rural South for a county sheriff to be
called to a juke house or a house party to break up a
drunken disturbance, or to investigate a reported felony
such as aggravated assault (intending to kill someone
with a weapon) or an actual slaying. … Most bluesmen
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had violent encounters that led to scars or even death.
… A lot of people got killed or stabbed or cut up at a
juke house” (Chasin’ that Devil Music, pp. 101, 144).
Alexander Moore sang about the violent blues lifestyle in
the song “Froggy Bottom” — “I shot at my woman because I
was tired of so much bull corn/ I said policeman jumped me,
run me like a rabbit from a burnin’ barn…”
Half of the blues songs by Barefoot Bill were about
violence. The song “Nobody in Mind” by Joe Turner said: “I’ll
cut your head, just like I’d cut a block of wood.” The blues
song “Strut That Thing” by Clarence Lofton was about a man
who is tired of his woman and is going to poison her. A blues
song recorded by Sunnyland Slim in 1947 in Chicago was
“Johnson Machine Gun.” The lyrics sound like something out
of black metal rock or gangsta rap:
“I’m gonna buy me a Johnson machine gun and a
carload of explosion balls/ I’m gonna be a walkin’
cyclone from Saginaw to the Niagara Falls/ … Now, little
girl, the undertaker’s been here, girl, and I gave him
your height and size/ Now if you don’t be makin’
whoopee with the Devil tomorrow this time, baby, God
knows you’ll be surprised.”
We have already seen many examples of the violence
connected with the blues, but for emphasis we will highlight
just a few:
Clarence “Pinetop” Smith was murdered during a gunfight
at a party in Chicago. Robert Johnson was poisoned to death
by a jealous husband. Joe Holmes was often involved in
violent confrontations at juke joints. Charlie Patton had a
large scar across his neck from a knifing which almost took
his life. He also was injured in a shooting in a nightclub.
Blind Joe Reynolds had many violent episodes in his life,
including two shootings, one of an uncle and one of a white
man. He got into a gunfight with another man and was shot
in the face with buckshot, blinding him for the rest of his life
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and disfiguring his face. Coonie Vaughn spent time in the
Alabama State Penitentiary for shooting and killing a man.
Bukka White was sentenced to a state penitentiary for
shooting and killing a man. Someone tried to cut Charlie
Patton’s throat. Larry Williams shot himself to death. King
Curtis was stabbed to death during an argument. Walter
Boyd, known as Leadbelly, was a violent man who bore scars
on his neck and body “from attacks challenging his claims on
women” (Paul Oliver, The Story of the Blues, p. 40). He had his
throat cut in a Texas juke joint and survived, but with an ugly
scar that ran almost from ear to ear (Deep Blues, p. 86). He
spent a year on a county chain gang for assaulting a woman.
In 1917, Leadbelly was charged with murder for shooting and
killing another musician and was sent to prison on a 30-year
sentence. Alger Alexander went to prison for his violence.
Joshua “Peg Leg” Howell had to have a leg amputated after he
was shot by his brother-in-law during an argument. Charlie
Lincoln, bluesman who played a 12-string guitar, went to
prison for murder and died there in 1963. Son Young was
killed at Waterproof, Louisiana. Moonshine bootlegger and
bluesman Charley Jordan walked with a limp caused by a
bullet in his ankle. Scrapper Blackwell was murdered in
Indianapolis. Son House shot a man to death in a junk joint
and was sentenced to 15 years in prison. Fuller Allen was
blinded when the woman with whom he was living put lye in
the water he used to wash his face. John Lee “Sonny Boy”
Williamson was murdered. “Hambone” Willie Newbern was
beaten to death in prison. Son Bonds was shot to death. Noah
Lewis and Dan Smith also died violently. William Tucker
changed his name to John Henry Barbee after shooting a man
in Arkansas. Edwin “Buster” Pickens was shot to death in a
juke joint. John Lee Williamson was murdered with an icepick. Louis Myers, guitarist who played at times with
Sunnyland Slim, was stabbed in both his arms. Rice Miller
attacked another blues singer with a knife at a hotel in
London, England. Auburn “Pat” Hare, who was recorded by
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Sam Phillips at Sun Records, was convicted of murdering his
girlfriend. One of the songs recorded by Hare was “I’m
Gonna Murder My Baby.” Famous blueswoman Memphis
Minnie was also violent. “When angered, she would reach for
whatever was handy—her guitar, a pistol, a knife—and she
was not timid about using violence to get her way” (Goin’
Back to Memphis, p. 45). Wynonie Harris, who was “very
loud and very vulgar,” was involved in violent episodes; once
he was shot by a jealous husband.
These are just a few examples from the violent world of the
blues.
As we will see in the chapter on “Rock Music and
Violence,” rock & roll has followed closely in the footsteps of
its blues forerunners.
3. Like rock, blues songs often had dirty lyrics.
Much of the blues music glorified immorality. There were
many other subjects in blues songs, but “above all other
subjects there is in blues a preponderance of lyrics about
sexual love, or merely sex. A complex language of metaphors,
often domestic or culinary, camouflaged a multitude of sexual
references” (Oliver, The Story of the Blues, p. 116).
In the early 1950s, the Houston Juvenile Delinquency and
Crime Commission blacklisted 30 blues songs because they
were obscene.
Recording talent scout Henry C. Speir, who was
responsible for discovering many of the influential black
bluesmen, described the music as “pornography.”
“So in a way, it was like buying pornography. I mean, a
black wouldn’t spend 75 cents to buy a record like
‘Terraplane Blues’ just for the music” (Wardlow, Chasin’
That Devil Music, p. 143).
This aspect of the blues was emphasized on a Sunday blues
show on radio 850 AM in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1998. The
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announcer said: “We can’t play a lot of the old blues because
we would get kicked off the air.”
Many of the blues songs described sexual intercourse in
graphic and vulgar ways. The term “rock ‘n’ roll” originally
was a slang term describing fornication. Like rock, the old
blues songs consistently misdefined “love” to mean lust.
“Hank Ballard and The Midnighters were doing very
fine with their brand of ‘blue’ material. No one would
dare copy, cover, or even sell it over the counter. Yet his
music spread by word of mouth like wildfire. Their first
recording of ‘sexually frank’ material was followed by a
string of singles that used ‘Annie’ as a sex
goddess” (David Henderson, ‘Scuse Me While I Kiss the
Sky, p. 33).
Bluesman Robert Shaw testified that it is impossible to
understand the blues unless you understand that it involves
immorality. “When you listen to what I’m playing, you got to
see in your mind all them gals out there swinging themselves
and getting the mens excited. Otherwise you ain’t got the
music rightly understood” (Oliver, The Story of the Blues, p.
160).
Of his 1949 hit “Good Rockin’ Tonight,” composer Roy
Brown said: “I had my mind on this girl in the bedroom. I’m
not going to lie to you. Listen man, I wrote them kind of
songs. I was a dirty cat” (Rock & Roll an Unruly History, p.
15).
Many of the rock & roll hits have been “sanitized” versions
of filthy rhythm & blues songs. For example, Bill Haley’s 1954
hit version of “Shake, Rattle, and Roll” was a cleaned up
version of the same song performed by bluesman Joe Turner.
4. Like rock, the blues had an occultic connection.
There has always been a connection between the blues and
the occult. Rock researcher Michael Moynihan notes that the
blues was “more directly tied to deviltry than Jazz.”
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“Black slaves often adopted Christianity after their
enforced arrival in America, but melded it with native
or Voudoun [voodoo] strains. Blues songs abound with
references to devils, demons, and spirits. … From the
demonic songs of Delta Blues one can trace a line to the
present world of Satanic Rock and Roll” (emphasis
added) (Moynihan, Lords of Chaos, p. 2).
“More than most, they [bluesmen] held on to the
superstitious memories of African religion: the belief in
bad omens, mojos and the curses of voodoo” (Steve
Turner, Hungry for Heaven, p. 89).
“Most of the old bluesmen were well aware of mojo
hands, and charms made with graveyard dust. The term
‘mojo’ is of African derivation and refers to magical
powers than can be summoned to help the initiate
achieve his will. Blues great Muddy Waters sang the
song ‘Got my Mojo Workin’ and in ‘Hootchie-Cootchie
Man’ lists a number of talismans that aid him in his love
life. One of these charms is none other than a black cat’s
bone. The black cat’s bone supposedly, if employed
correctly, assists the bearer in his quest for fame, love,
and fortune” (Gary Patterson, Hellhounds on Their Trail,
p. 30).
“‘Mojo hand’; ‘Black Cat Bones’; ‘John the Conqueroo.’
Not all of the blues were vengeful voodoo incantations,
but much of the best sounded that way. The old ways
lived, breathing life into swaggering barroom ballads,
the boasts of beggars, and the painful pleasure of lust.
The hidden faith endured to find its voice again in the
blues. … It was pride, defiance, and the sheer . . . joy of
being ‘born under a bad sign’ that gave the blues its
heady appeal. To over turn centuries of humiliation,
mock a fruitless hope in the hereafter of the white Jesus,
to sing loud and true of the pleasures of the world, the
flesh and the devil; all this, no less than the freedom to
evoke the ancient magic, to call forth the loas [spirits of
voodoo] in song to do a sinful bidding—such was the
scarifying lure of a music that had nothing but its roots
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in common with the sanctified spirit-pleasing of gospel.
And it was the musician who stood like the reincarnated
Damballa Wedo, most ancient of Vodoun devil/gods,
plumed patron of spring and rain, holding the power of
fertility and virility. Free, sexually potent, the trickster
saints took on their own magic names: Peg Leg Howell,
Peetie Wheatstraw, Son House, Barbecue Bob, BoWeavil Jackson, Jaybird Coleman, Blind Lemon
Jefferson, Leadbelly, Howlin’ Wolf, Muddy Waters, The
Mississippi Sheiks…” (Davin Seay, Stairway to Heaven,
pp. 28, 29).
Muddy Waters’ hit song “Hoochie Coochie Man” dwelt on
occultic themes, such as gypsy prophecies, black cat bones,
mojo [a spell], and sevens:
“The gypsy woman told my mother/ Before I was born/
You got a boy-child comin’/ Gonna be a son of a gun/
He’s gonna make pretty women/ Jump and shout/ Then
the world’s gonna know what it’s all about/ ‘Cause you
know I’m here/ Everybody knows I’m here/ You know
I’m the hoochie coochie man/ Everybody knows I’m
here/ I got a black cat bone/ I got a mojo too/ I got the
John the Conqueroo/ I’m gonna mess with you/ I’m
gonna make you girls/ Lead me by my hand/ Then the
world’s gonna know/ I’m the hoochie coochie man …
On the seventh hour/ On the seventh day/ On the
seventh month/ The seven doctors say/ He was born for
good luck/ And that you’ll see/ I got seven-hundred
dollars/ Don’t you mess with me… I’m the hoochie
coochie man” (Muddy Waters, “Hootchie Coochie
Man”).
Blues songs often mentioned the devil, and there were
alleged contracts with the devil made by bluesmen in
exchange for fame and fortune, success and pleasure. Three of
Robert Johnson’s songs, for example, were about that old
serpent. These were “Crossroads Blues” (a reference to selling
one’s soul to the Devil at a crossroads at midnight), “Me and
the Devil Blues,” and “Hellhound on My Trail.”
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Beale Street in Memphis, one of the birthplaces of the blues
and as well as of rock & roll, was a hotbed of occultism
throughout the twentieth century.
“Hoodoo had two main purposes—or should I say has
two purposes, because it still is practiced in Memphis: to
give an enemy bad luck or to remove bad luck that has
been inflicted by an enemy. Hoodoo was a powerful
force on Beale Street. It appealed not just to the ignorant
and the poor but to a wide spectrum of people” (Goin’
Back to Memphis, p. 58).
Blueswoman Lillie May Gloover, who was popular in
Memphis in the 1920s and ’30s and was still performing in
the 1970s, was also famous as a “practitioner of the ancient,
black magic art of voodoo, or hoodoo, as it was more
commonly called in those days.” She was not alone. “Beale
Street had a thing for hoodoo women. Almost from day one,
they were there, casting their spells and doing their dirty
work, usually for a handsome profit” (Ibid., p. 56).
“Right outside Memphis, there was a voodoo village, all
black—real mystic kind of people. People who were into
music would go over there and get charms and things like
that” (Billy Burnette, son of Dorsey Burnette of the Rock ‘n’
Roll Trio, A Time to Rock, p. 46).
5. Like rock, the lyrics to blues music were frequently
difficult to understand.
Not only was the message itself often obscure, but the
bluesmen used singing techniques that further obscured the
words. Charlie Patton’s lyrics were even difficult to
understand even by other bluesmen (Deep Blues, p. 66).
The bluesmen were often drunk and their speech was
slurred. Ishmon Bracey, who performed and recorded blues
before his conversion to Christ, testifies that it was common
practice for the bluesmen to get at least a little drunk for their
recording sessions (Chasin’ That Devil Music, p. 51). Henry
Speir confirms this, saying that every blues singer is going to
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drink at least a little bit. “He’d not going to make music or
have an emotional feeling until he gets a little alcohol in him.”
Pentecostalism and Rock Music
Many of the pioneers of rock music were influenced not
only by the blues but also by Pentecostal church music. Jerry
Lee Lewis’s biographer Nick Tosches observes that “if you
took the words away, there were more than a few Pentecostal
hymns that would not sound foreign coming from the nickel
machine in the wildest juke joint” (Hellfire, p. 57).
Though jazzy music has begun permeating nonPentecostal churches only in recent decades, it has been a
part of the Pentecostal movement from its inception.
Consider the following overview:
“Shortly after it began to emerge in 1901, Pentecostalism
sensed through some strange form of intuition that
success would come through emotionally-charged
music. The first pattern was jazz. Speaking of the years
1901 to 1914, Howard Goss said, ‘Without it (jazz) the
Pentecostal Movement could never have made the rapid
inroads into the hearts of men and women as it did.
Neither could we have experienced a constant victorious
revival over the fifty years’ (The Winds of Change, p.
212).
“Goss also noted: ‘It was generally not the conventional
church-hymn singing of that era. Entirely unpretentious,
there appeared to be neither poetry nor musicianship in
the composition. But, there was something far more
effective than either. ... WE WERE THE FIRST, SO FAR
AS I KNOW, TO INTRODUCE THIS ACCELERATED
TEMPO INTO GOSPEL SINGING’ (Ibid. pp. 207,208).
“This Pentecostal leader should know for he was the
most prominent among the early founders of the
movement. He was the leading organizer of a nationwide gathering of Pentecostals held at Hot Springs,
Arkansas in April, 1914. He was elected General
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Superintendent of the Pentecostal Church Incorporated
and served as the General Superintendent of the United
Pentecostal Church until 1951” (Wilson Ewin, The Pied
Piper of the Pentecostal Movement, pp. 49-51).
The following is a description of an interracial convention
of Pentecostals in Cleveland, Tennessee, in September 1929:
“The spirit moved some to dance, others to speak in the
unknown tongue, to shout, to jerk, or to fall in a dead
trance. Mourners in ever-increasing numbers fell on
their knees, elbows in a folding chair, at the altar, while
the exhorters clapped hands to the time of the music …
After half an hour of this, the singing came to an end.
Also the instrument strummers, worn out, dropped out
one by one, leaving only the piano player and a
tambourine whacker, whom I could not see, to carry on
t h e S T E A DY A N D A L M O S T T E R R I F Y I N G
RHYTHMIC NOISE. Terrifying because it impressed
me as being the production of the wild, subconscious
human animal, one which we seldom come upon in
such frightfully self-regimented herds. But the extreme
mesmeric orgies of such primitive groups have been
often enough described. And after all, my purpose is
simply to make clear HOW THE INDIGENOUS SONG
MERGES INTO THE HYPNOTIC RHYTHMIZING
USED IN THIS INDIGENOUS TYPE OF RELIGIOUS
PRACTICE” (George Pullen Jackson, White Spirituals in
the Southern Uplands).
Aimee Semple McPherson (1890-1944), founder of the
Foursquare Pentecostal Churches, incorporated jazzy music
into her elaborate, sensuous church programs. A
contemporary made the following analysis of her success:
“She threw out the dirges and threats of Hell, REPLACING
T H E M W I T H JA Z Z H Y M N S a n d p r o m i s e s o f
Glory” (Morrow Mayo of The New Republic, quoted in
Robert Bahr, Least of All Saints: The Story of Aimee Semple
McPherson, p. 267).
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Many of the early rock & roll musicians observed the
connection between the music they heard in Pentecostal
churches and rock music. Ronnie Dawson, one of the 1950s
rockabilly stars, started playing electric guitar at an
Assemblies of God church. Of rockabilly he says: “It’s very
similar to the Assembly of God kind of church music, and
things that I had taken part in in church” (Unknown Legends
of Rock ‘n’ Roll, p. 15).
Back in the 1940s and 1950s, jazzed up Pentecostal music
was one of the influences that contributed to the rise of rock.
We see this in the music of Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, and
many others.
Black Gospel Music and Rock
Another stream of music that powerfully influenced rock
& roll was boisterous, swinging black gospel.
When he was a boy, Elvis Presley, for example, would
sneak down to a black church in his neighborhood when his
family still lived in Tupelo, Mississippi, and listen to the
music from outside. His cousin Earl describes these visits in
his biography of Elvis (The Boy Who Would Be King, pp. 76,
77).
Ray Charles, Sam Cooke, and hundreds of other singers
simply added worldly lyrics to the tumultuous music they
had heard in church.
Little Richard describes the jumped up music of many of
the black churches of his youth:
“You let loose! That piano was talkin’, the drums was
walkin’. Oh, everybody was gone. You know, people
shouting all over the place. And if you didn’t understand
what it was, you thought you was in a rock and roll
concert. That’s the way black gospel was when I was a
boy” (Little Richard, cited in Rock Facts, Rock & Roll
Hall of Fame and Museum, p. 23).
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It is important to understand that not all black churches in
the United States use jazzy music, not today nor in the past.
There have always been black churches that have rejected
jazzy music as worldly. D.C. Rice, who recorded gospel music
for Vocalion and other companies, testified that the music he
heard in black churches as he was growing up was not jazzy:
“The Baptist Church didn’t allow us to play music in
church when I was growing up. Anything besides the
piano was considered to be the music of the devil and
was frowned upon. People just sang the old songs in
those days, just like a choir or in groups of three or
four” (Chasin’ That Devil Music, pp. 156, 157).
Rice later joined the Holiness movement and wrote church
music with a heavy rhythm, but the point is that not all black
churches have used the bluesy type of gospel music.
At the same time, there is no question that a large stream
of black churches do love extremely boisterous, swinging
music, and an important question is how did that type of
music become so popular?
In my research I have found at least two major factors:
SYNCRETISM and PENTECOSTALISM.
There was a lot of syncretism within many black churches.
This refers to the mixture of false religion with Christianity.
LeRoi Jones, author of Blues People, notes that “the God
spoken about in black songs is not the same one in the white
songs.” That statement is overly broad, but it describes the
fact that in many cases black Christianity was a syncretized
corruption of biblical Christianity and incorporated aspects
of African paganism into the churches.
This can be understood in light of the brutality that was
countenanced by many of the white slave masters. It would
not be unreasonable for the black slaves to look upon the
white brand of Christianity as something that needed to be
changed, or to stubbornly cling to their old ways even while
outwardly adopting some of the forms of Christianity.
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In fact, there were two kinds of black Christianity. One was
created by born again blacks who had personal faith in Jesus
Christ and who took the Bible seriously and who rejected
African idolatry. The other was a syncretistic corruption of
Christianity produced by religious but unsaved people who
clung, either secretly or openly, to old pagan ways and
philosophies. It is not surprising that syncretistic black
churches would incorporate the old African tribal music into
their Christianity, and that is precisely what they did.
Ben Sidran, author of Black Talk, notes:
“From the beginning, black Christianity was potentially
a non-Western, if not anti-Western, institution. …
Worship was more for pleasure than for exorcism of
guilt, more release of emotional energy than lessonlearning.”
Davin Seay traces some of the syncretism as it relates to
music:
“There was much more to the Christian fervor of the
enslaved than biblical identification with their plight.
Through the music of their evolving faith, they rewove
the tattered fabric of community, reasserted their
individuality in God’s eyes, and even reached back
across the ocean to recapture their history.
“The black man’s first choices from the range of
Christian ritual were those that rang most familiar to
him, the shadows and reflections of the old ways.
Baptism was particularly appealing to early slaves
because, as LeRoi Jones points out, ‘in most of the
religions of West Africa the river spirits were thought to
be the most powerful of the deities, and the priests of
the river cults were among the most powerful and
influential men in African society.’ In much the same
way, writes Sidran, ‘the musical-religious ritual became
the most important single experience in the daily life of
the slave, much as it had been in preslavery Africa.’
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“The early black church, often called the ‘praise house,’
was not only the focus of social life for the slave, it was
the one place where he was free from prying eyes of the
master, where he could express himself—and his culture
—with something approaching freedom.
“Central to this religious life, and most reminiscent of
African tradition, was the phenomena of spirit
possession; the ecstatic experience of ‘getting’ happy.’ It
was inevitably accompanied by outbursts of music and
dancing. Dancing in church was forbidden, but for the
black man, dancing was narrowly and conveniently
defined as ‘crossing the feet.’ Shuffles and ring shouts,
where feet never actually made the taboo crossing,
became vehicles through which the spirit was revealed.
Shaking and shimmying all night long induced, on the
far side of exhaustion, a spirit receptive to the
supernatural.
“It was in the wild release of a Holy Ghost visitation that
the slave’s Christianity fused with his musical heritage.
An observer unfolds the following scene in a black
church circa 1867: ‘Boys with tattered shirts and men’s
trousers, young girls bare-footed, all stand in the middle
of the floor, and when the “sperichil” [spiritual] is struck
up begin first walking and by and by shuffling around,
one after the other, in a ring. … Frequently a band,
composed of some of the best singers … stand by the
side of the room to “base” the others. … Song and dance
are alike extremely energetic and when the shout lasts
into the middle of the night, the monotonous thud, thud
of feet prevents sleep within half a mile of the praise
house’” (Davin Seay, Stairway to Heaven, pp. 20, 21).
As already noted, the black Holiness and Pentecostal
movement also produced a jazzy music that greatly
influenced rock & roll.
Rock historian Robert Palmer, after researching the
influence of music in early 20th-century black churches on
rock and roll, called the “ring shout” “a generative archetype
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ancestral to all gospel, rock, and soul” (Rock & Roll an Unruly
History, p. 67). In the “ring shout” the church members
danced in a circle around the building, responding in a calland-response manner to the song leader. Alan Lomax, who
recorded ring shouts at rural southern churches in the 1930s,
described them as follows:
“True to an age-old West African pattern, the dancers
shuffle round and round single file, moving in a
counterclockwise direction, clapping out the beat in
complex counter-rhythms. The floor of the church
furnished the drumhead. The lines of the song are partly
religious and partly satirical, using as material the
groaning delivery of the Negro minister and the shrill
screams of the sisters in the throes of religious hysteria.”
Palmer notes that a 1934 Library of Congress recording of
a ring shout in rural Louisiana “rocks as hard or harder than
any music on record.” He also observes that the “ring shout
preserved something of THE WEST AFRICAN TENDENCY
TO MIX THE SECULAR, THE SATIRICAL, EVEN THE
RIBALD INTO WORSHIP AND RITUAL.”
This unholy mixing of the flesh and the spirit has sadly
marred much of the black Christian spirituality in America.
The ring shout was an illicit intermingling of idolatrous
practices with biblical Christianity, and the music that
accompanied it was not godly Christian music. It is no
wonder that it helped produce rock & roll.
As early as the late 1800s a battle was raging within
churches about what music is holy and what is not. There was
a division, for example, in the Church of God in Christ
(COGIC) over this subject and other matters. Both the parent
body and the splinter group believed in tongues speaking and
“entire sanctification”; but the splinter group, the Church of
the Living God, Pentecostal, incorporated tambourines,
cymbals, guitars, drums, bass fiddle, etc., into their jazzed up
worship services. It didn’t take the Church of God in Christ
long to catch up with the splinter group, though. Music
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historian Larry Nager notes that “by the fifties, gospel was
sounding a lot like secular R&B” (The Memphis Beat, p. 178).
Lionel Hampton, director of a popular 1940s swing rhythm
& blues band, was brought up in the Church of God in Christ
denomination and said, “the heavy backbeat is pure
sanctified, Church of God in Christ … when rock and roll
came in, they took a whole lot of things from us” (Rock &
Roll an Unruly History, pp. 47,49).
The music director for the Church of God in Christ for 40
years during the first half of the century was Lucie E.
Campbell. She popularized a rhythm & blues type of gospel.
She introduced bluesman-turned-gospel-music-writer
Thomas Dorsey, who introduced sensual dance music into
the churches. He pioneered the intermingling of sensual
dance music with Christian lyrics, adopting gospel music to
blues-ragtime-boogie-woogie sounds. He called this “sacred
blues.” He did not renounce his early career in sleazy blues,
and looked back with “evident fondness” to those days. He
was “thoroughly unrepentant of his early career” (Black
Gospel, p. 39). “He was appointed choir director at the
Pilgrim Baptist Church in Chicago, a life-long job, but stayed
loyal to his former blues acolytes, since unlike many religious
people, he never rejected the secular music” (MusicHound
Blue: The Essential Album Guide).
In joining worldly, sensual dance rhythms with gospel
music and refusing to repent of his love for the world’s music,
Thomas Dorsey was a forerunner to today’s Contemporary
Christian musician.
Lucie Campbell also promoted William Herbert, who “put
a bluesy spin on his sacred music” (Memphis Beat, p. 179).
Herbert was pastor of the East Trigg Baptist Church in
Memphis, and his music attracted rhythm and blues stars
such as Sister Rosetta Tharpe, Mahalia Jackson, and Sam
Cooke.
The jazzy black holiness music appeared on the recording
companies’ “race records” divisions, the same divisions that
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distributed the blues. Decca Race Records, for example,
produced “blues singing, blues dance, hot dance, sacred, and
preaching.” These are the categories advertised in a 1940
brochure. The recording companies would often use the same
musicians to record blues and boogie-woogie and “sacred”
numbers. For example, Paramount Records produced the
first boogie-woogie guitar song, “Guitar Boogie,” in 1929
(boogie-woogie piano numbers had been recorded earlier). It
featured bluesman Blind Roosevelt Graves on guitar. Graves
also recorded black “sacred music” for Paramount. Those first
boogie-woogie guitar records also featured piano and cornet,
which “gave an exultant background, similar to a Pentecostal
service” (Chasin’ That Devil Music, p. 192). The rhythm and
“feel” of this early boogie-woogie was the same as that found
in Pentecostal music.
This is the same technique used commonly today by
Contemporary Christian Music recording companies. They
make no plain distinction between secular and sacred. They
use the world’s music to accompany Christian lyrics and the
world’s musicians to play it.
Southern Gospel and Rock Music
Another stream of music that influenced early rock was
contemporary Southern Gospel.
As a teen, Elvis Presley attended all-night gospel quartet
concerts at the First Assembly of God and at Ellis Auditorium
in Memphis and befriended famous Southern Gospel groups
such as the Blackwood Brothers and the Statesmen. When he
was 18, Elvis auditioned for a place in the Songfellows
Quartet, but the position was given to someone else. Elvis
told pop singer Johnny Rivers that he patterned his singing
style after Jake Hess of the Statesmen. “He was playing some
of their records one day and he said, ‘Now you know where I
got my style from. Caught—a hundred million records too
late.’ Jake and the Statesmen and the Blackwoods. He played
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all kinds of records, but mostly it was gospel music...” (David
L. Taylor, Happy Rhythm, p. 49).
Elvis took the Stamps Quartet on tour with him from 1969
until his death in 1977, and famous gospel quartet bass singer
J.D. Sumner sang on some of Elvis’s recordings.
The jazzy aspect to “Southern Gospel” music goes back to
the 1940s, when the singing groups began to incorporate
secular rhythms in their zeal to put on a show. The new
Southern Gospel style featured “tag lines in accompanying
voices, chromatic lower-neighbor note and passing notes, and
in the refrain a walking bass lead with several interjections.
The harmony was simple and very rhythmic. A ragtime style
was added later to the piano accompaniment (commonly
called the ‘stomp beat’), which made the sacred and the
secular indistinguishable” (H.T. Spence, Confronting
Contemporary Christian Music, p. 120).
The pioneer of the ragtime gospel piano style was Dwight
Brock, who played in one of the Stamps quartets.
“Brock played a rhythm piano style; some thought it
sounded a little like Dixieland [jazz] or razzamatazz. ...
Thousands of pianists would copy his style in the years
to come. ... IT WAS REVOLUTIONARY BECAUSE IT
JAZZED UP GOSPEL MUSIC JUST ENOUGH FOR
THE SECULAR PUBLIC TO CATCH ON. Dwight’s
nephew, Brock Speer, who sings bass for the Speer
Family today, said when his uncle was a boy in the early
teens—he was born in 1905—he heard a circus
drummer playing syncopated rhythms on snare drums,
and said to himself, ‘I wonder if I could do that on the
piano?’” (The Music Men, pp. 38, 39).
Though the seeds for these things were present in the
1920s and ’30s, it was not until the 1940s that Southern
gospel began to promote an entertainment-oriented, jazzed
up approach to Christian music on a large scale. Before that
the quartets were not very flashy. For example, W.B. Walbert,
the manager of the Vaughan Quartet during the 1920s, “was a
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spiritual man who did not believe that a quartet should do
anything showy to detract from the gospel messages in the
songs” (The Music Men, p. 33).
This attitude did not prevail, though, and even Walbert’s
own son, James, began playing the piano backwards, playing
with his elbows, and otherwise putting on a show to entertain
the crowds.
Two of the most influential groups in this direction were
the Blackwood Brothers and the Statesmen. The Statesmen
were one of the first professional quartets to feature the
piano; and it was not just ANY piano, it was Hovie Lister’s
ragtime, honky-tonk piano. Sadly, this style has dominated
popular Southern Gospel ever since. (This does not mean, of
course, that the Statesmen sang ONLY jazzy music. Some of
their numbers were nice renditions of good Christian music.
An example was the beautiful “What a Savior,” featuring lyric
tenor Rosie Rozell.)
The following brief history of Southern Gospel is by a man
who researches rock music. He has correctly observed the
close connection between rock & roll and the jived up
Southern Gospel of the 1940s and ‘50s.
“The white gospel quartets of the 1950s, when [Elvis]
Presley started to study them, were every bit as exciting
as their black counterparts, USING SHOW-BIZ HYPE,
WHIPPING UP CROWDS AND CREATING STARS.
Reporting on an all-night sing in Atlanta, Georgia, for
The Saturday Evening Post (June 1956), Furman Bisher
compared the audience response to the Oak Ridge
Quartet to bobby soxers’ swooning for Frank Sinatra.
‘Women out there shrieked, and a couple of young girls
rushed to the stage edge to snap pictures of the tenor
who was holding that high note the way a trumpet
player prolongs a “ride,”’ wrote Bisher. ...
“Presley idolized such gospel stars for the rest of his life.
His particular favorites were J.D. Sumner, the tall,
stringy bass vocalist with the Blackwood Brothers, who
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also went to the First Assembly of God Church in
Memphis, and Jake Hess and Hovie Lister of the
Statesmen Quartet (which actually had five members).
An ordained minister, LISTER IS OFTEN CREDITED
WITH BRINGING SHOW BUSINESS TO QUARTET
SINGING. At the time he said, ‘If it takes shaking my
hair down, beating a piano like Liberace or Piano Red to
keep these young people out of beer joints and the rear
seats of cars, I’ll do it. The Devil’s got his kind of
entertainment. We’ve got ours. They criticize me, say I’m
too lively for religion, but I get results. That’s what
counts’” (emphasis added) (Steve Turner, Hungry for
Heaven, pp. 29-31).
Hovie Lister’s philosophy was pragmatism; whatever works
is right. This is exactly the same New Evangelical philosophy
that permeates the Contemporary Christian Music field
today. Hovie Lister and the Statesmen were forerunners to
CCM. God has not instructed us to do whatever “gets results,”
but to obey His Word regardless of the results. The sole
authority for faith and practice is the Bible. If it is Scriptural it
is right; if it is not Scriptural, it is wrong, regardless of how
well it appears to work.
God’s Word plainly forbids His people to love the world. It
is therefore impossible to please God by adapting the things
of the world to the service of Christ.
Liberace was a homosexual entertainer who helped
corrupt the morals of America. I believe it was a serious error
to adopt his sensual, worldly ways to gospel music. Where
does God’s Word encourage us to copy the world? To the
contrary, we are commanded to “love not the world” (1 John
2:15-17).
To be holy, means to be set apart from and different from
the world. Nowhere do we see the Lord Jesus Christ or the
apostles entertaining people in the name of ministry. We do
not see them putting on some sort of worldly show to draw a
crowd. We do not see them adapting themselves to the spirit
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of the age. We do not see them attempting to manipulate
people by worldly means. The Apostle Paul plainly stated that
he depended solely upon the power of the Holy Spirit.
“For I determined not to know any thing among you,
save Jesus Christ, and him crucified. And I was with you
in weakness, and in fear, and in much trembling. And
my speech and my preaching was not with enticing
words of man’s wisdom, but in demonstration of the
Spirit and of power: That your faith should not stand in
the wisdom of men, but in the power of God” (1
Corinthians 2:2-5).
Now we continue with Steve Turner’s overview of the
history of Southern Gospel:
“White quartet singing had developed in the 1920s ...
they began to develop showmanship and gimmicks
during the 1940s. ... Hovie Lister, a dashing young man
with long, dark wavy hair and an Errol Flynn mustache,
LOVED TO SHAKE IT ALL UP FOR THE LORD. He
joined with Crumpler and Jake Hess to form the
Statesmen Quartet, which was to become one of the first
supergroups of white gospel, catapulting the music to
commercial acceptability and SETTING THE STYLE
FOR EMERGENT ROCK ‘N’ ROLLERS BRED ON
HOLY MUSIC.
“Although much was made of the evils of dancing, show
business, jukeboxes and television, THE SUCCESS OF
THE GOSPEL QUARTETS WAS LARGELY DUE TO
THEIR PRESENTING MUCH OF THE SAME GLOSS
AND EXCITEMENT in an acceptable context. The
songs were about loving your neighbor, being holy and
not giving in to ‘modern religion,’ but THE
PERFORMANCES DREW FROM POP, BLUES,
COUNTRY, RAGTIME AND JAZZ. ...
“Don Butler, now director of archives for the Nashvillebased Gospel Music Association, was the Statesmen
Quartet’s manager during the 1950s. ‘They were
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sensational,’ he remembers. ‘Hovie Lister had no peer in
showmanship. He created a tremendous rapport with
the audience. HE COULD TURN THEIR EMOTIONS
ON AND OFF JUST LIKE THAT. They also had highly
polished harmonies and arrangements. HOVIE
WOULD JUMP ONTO A PIANO AND SHAKE HIS
LONG BLACK HAIR INTO HIS FACE WHILE THE
REST OF THE GROUP DANCED ON STAGE. They
were the first quartet to use four individual
microphones. Before that everyone had gathered around
one mike’” (emphasis added) (Steve Turner, Hungry for
Heaven, pp. 29-31).
Bill Gaither, in his history of Southern Gospel, says that
Hovie Lister’s “approach was loud, fast, swingy, and pop” and
that “he would do whatever it took to get the loudest
applause, the biggest laugh” (Bill Gaither, Homecoming, p.
133).
The Statesmen’s bass singer, Jim “Big Chief ” Wetherington,
moved his legs in ways strangely reminiscent of how Elvis
moved to rock & roll. Jake Hess, another member of the
original Statesmen, noted: “He went about as far as you could
go in gospel music. THE WOMEN WOULD JUMP UP, JUST
LIKE THEY DO FOR POP SHOWS” (Peter Guralnick, Last
Train for Memphis, p. 48).
Rock historian Peter Guralnick observes that “preachers
frequently objected to the lewd movements.”
The flamboyant Hovie Lister, WHO WAS ONE OF ELVIS
PRESLEY’S FAVORITE GOSPEL SINGERS, popularized an
entertainment-oriented, jazzy gospel music presentation. He
was characterized by ‘flashy dress, oversized rings, and upbeat
entertainment style” (The Music Men, p. 146). Lister and the
Statesmen went so far beyond that which was traditionally
acceptable in Christian music in the middle of the twentieth
century that some Christian radio stations would not play
their music. In fact, some stations broke their records in
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protest! This occurred in 1955 when they recorded some
gospel songs with a “New Orleans jazz flavor.”
The instrumental group that backed the Statesmen on this
album included country guitarist Chet Atkins, Ernie Newton
on the stand-up bass guitar, and Farris Coursey on drums.
This was essentially a country-rock band. (The Statesmen
pioneered the CCM practice of using unsaved musicians on
their recordings.) Hovie Lister played the boogie-woogie
piano. One preacher protested by calling it “stripping
music” (David Taylor, Happy Rhythm, p. 55).
Some of the Statesmen Quartet’s music was brought over
from the swinging black spirituals. “So many of their early
hits began to stray away some from the southern, singing
convention style—the music that was coming out of StampsBaxter—and basically were coming out of the black
tradition” (Taylor, p. 32). In one of their early hits, Happy
Rhythm (1950), the Statesmen actually used the phrase rock
and roll to describe what they were doing! “There’s a happy
rhythm keeps a-rockin’ and a-rollin’.” This was set to a
“rollicking, boogie setting” (Taylor, p. 34). Their 1961 album
contained the song “God Is God,” “featuring a rockabilly Chet
Atkins guitar solo which was similar to early Elvis Presley
releases” (Taylor, p. 86).
Describing the popular Southern Gospel quartets of the
1940s and 1950s, Wally Varner of the Melody Masters
testified: “I guess the Melody Masters were one of the wildest
organizations, for the lack of a better word, that I’ve ever
worked with. I used to turn flips and things like that. ... In
those days GOSPEL MUSIC WASN’T AS SPIRITUAL, IT
WAS MORE ENTERTAINING. We had a rambunctious type
of program, but we also had some beautiful singing that we
would settle down to” (Taylor, Happy Rhythms, p. 22).
Another popular group, The Delmore Brothers, “mixed
sacred lyrics, blues and boogie with spectacular commercial
results” (David Seay, Stairway to Heaven, p. 49).
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Two Sides to Southern Gospel
There have been two distinct sides or camps to Southern
Gospel: conservative and contemporary.
The conservative Southern Gospel people have used music
solely to glorify Jesus Christ and edify the saints. They have
refused to jazz up the music with worldly rhythms and
sounds. The singers and musicians who represent this
category have tended to live godly, Christ-honoring lives. The
contemporary side has used music for entertainment. They
have sought to jazz up Christian music with the world’s
rhythms. The singers and musicians in this category have
tended to live spiritually careless, worldly lives.
This distinction has been evident from the inception of
Southern Gospel. Even in the 1920s, ’30s, and ’40s, there were
many churches which refused to participate in the “jazzy”
side of Southern Gospel and refused to allow worldly
Southern Gospel musicians to ply their wares. One of the
reasons why so many of the popular Southern Gospel groups
of that era sang in school auditoriums and other secular
venues was because “some churches would not permit these
‘jazzy’ singers to perform in church houses” (The Music Men,
pp. 64, 65).
The two different camps within Southern Gospel were
already evident in the 1920s.
James Vaughan did have a commercial goal with his music,
but his chief goal was the spiritual edification of his hearers
and he did not introduce worldliness into the music. He
“emphasized holiness and living a sanctified life, separated
from the world” and his groups “avoided any style that would
draw attention to oneself ” (Homecoming, p. 76). Vaughn lived
an exemplary Christian life and “never used tobacco in any
form, never swore an oath, and never drank intoxicating
beverages” (The Music Men, p. 28). He “knew the Bible as few
men did.”
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V.O. Stamps, on the other hand, exemplified the worldly
camp. Stamps was a heavy smoker and glutton who died
young of diabetes (The Music Men, p. 122). This camp within
Southern Gospel was far less careful about spiritual matters
and had no conviction about putting on a show with their
music. The Stamps Quartet even in the early years was
described as “an entertaining fivesome” (The Music Men, p.
39). Their theme song was “Give the World a Smile,” which
featured strong rhythm with the bass singing melody and the
upper voices singing an afterbeat. “Then, on the repeat
chorus, they sang a boom, boo, pang, pang effect like a
rhythm guitar” (Ibid.). Their ragtime pianist was the
aforementioned Dwight Brock, who “JAZZED UP GOSPEL
MUSIC JUST ENOUGH FOR THE SECULAR PUBLIC TO
CATCH ON.”
Many of the popular Southern Gospel groups of the 1950s
and ’60s were characterized by worldliness. Drinking,
smoking, womanizing, and divorce have been an integral part
of Southern Gospel. The Statesmen’s first tenor, Bobby
Strickland, observed that Southern Gospel quartets often
reach a certain level and “then something happens.” He
believed the reason for this was that “they don’t live
right” (The Music Men, p. 97).
J.D. Sumner and the Sunshine Boys were infamous for
their worldly lifestyles. They smoked, drank, cavorted with
women, etc. “The Blackwoods, three months before their air
tragedy, were not the only ones who referred to him
[Sumner] and his cohorts in the Sunshine Boys as
infidels” (Gaither, Homecoming, p. 160). The Sunshine Boys
were formed by Ace Richman, a swing band entertainer who
saw that gospel quartets were financially profitable. When he
added “Western swing” to gospel songs, he saw that “people
liked them even better” (The Music Men, p. 190). Richman
was “the man who put swing into gospel.” The Sunshine Boys
were pure entertainment. They did not testify of Christ or
give invitations. Richman told preachers, “We do not testify;
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we are an entertaining group. You pay us to sing these songs,
and we’ll sing ‘em. But that’s all.”
J.D. Sumner almost lost his marriage because of his moral
recklessness. He went on to sing bass with the famous
Blackwood Brothers, then with the Stamps Quartet. During
the years in which Sumner and the Stamps were backing Elvis
Presley at Las Vegas and elsewhere, Sumner’s nephew,
Donnie, who sang in the group, became a drug addict and
was lured into the licentious pop music field.
Laverne Tripp, who sang with the Sierra Quartet and the
Blue Ridge Quartet, was well known for his carnality.
The piano player with the Sierra Quartet was a known
homosexual.
At one Kingsmen Quartet concert, a screaming, hairpulling fight broke out between the bass singer’s ex-wife and
his current girlfriend.
These sad facts could be multiplied. Someone might
protest that I am blackening the entire Southern Gospel
music field with a relatively few worldly musicians, but that is
not the case. There are many godly people who sing Southern
Gospel, but Southern Gospel music as an institution does not
rebuke the worldliness of musicians and, in fact, honors
worldly people. In spite of J.D. Sumner’s worldliness, for
example, he has been highly exalted in the Southern Gospel
music field. Sumner died in 1998, and the Southern Gospel
Museum and Hall of Fame was built partly in his honor. He
was mentioned frequently and honorably at the National
Quartet Convention that I attended with press credentials in
September 1999. There was no warning about how he exalted
Elvis Presley.
The worldliness of many of the Southern Gospel groups is
reflected in their close and uncritical association with secular
rockers. This is not only true today but has characterized
many of the most popular groups for decades. The
Jordanaires performed as background singers on Elvis Presley
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records and as session singers for many other raunchy rock
and country recordings. Members of the Speer Family (Ben
and Brock) also sang on Elvis recordings, including “I’ve Got
a Woman” and “Heartbreak Hotel.” The Jordanaires provided
vocals for Elvis’s 1956 mega hit “Hound Dog.” The
Jordanaires toured with Eddy Arnold as well as with Elvis.
They also performed on some of Elvis’s indecent movies. As
mentioned already, J.D. Sumner and the Stamps toured with
Elvis from 1969 until his death in 1977, performing backup
for the King of Rock & Roll in sin-holes such as Las Vegas
night clubs. J.D. Sumner and the Stamps even performed
concerts in honor of Elvis, singing Elvis Presley rock & roll
hits! At the 1999 National Quartet Convention I purchased
audio cassette recordings of these concerts. Ed Hill, one of
the singers with the Stamps, was Elvis’s announcer for two
years. It was Hill who concluded the Elvis concerts with,
“Ladies and gentlemen, Elvis has left the building. Goodbye,
and God bless you.” The Imperials and the Oak Ridge Boys
also performed as back up singers for Hollywood shows and
Nashville recordings.
When separation between Christianity and the world is
broken down, as it has been in contemporary Southern
Gospel, the fruit is ungodly.
To some degree, rock music is the child of worldly
Christianity.
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How Rock & Roll Took over Western
Society
The increase in young people, prosperity, and
leisure
Rock & roll largely created the modern teenage culture.
“Teenagers were a new species at the beginning of the
1950's. Before then, adolescents in America had
traditionally gone to work to support their family or to
start their own family as soon as they were old enough.
However, the years of post-war prosperity and the
expansion of suburbia provided teenagers (who were
too young to remember the scarcities of the Depression
and the war effort) with plenty of leisure time. At the
same time, advances in technology made vinyl 45's
cheap and easily accessible to both artists and listeners.
White teenagers bought up pop hits coming off the
Billboard 100” (Michael Gallant-Gardner, Chuck Berry
and Teenage Culture in the 1950s, 2001).
There was a “baby boom” in America following the end of
World War II. Between 1946 and 1956, the number of young
people in American high schools had almost tripled from 5.6
million to 13 million (The Fifties, p. 473).
The baby boom was accompanied by a dramatic increase
in personal wealth and leisure. “In a 1956 survey, Scholastic
magazine’s Institute of Student Opinion calculated that there
were thirteen million teenagers in America, with a total
income of $7 billion a year, and an average income of $10.55
a week--a figure close to the average disposable income
available to an average American family just fifteen years
before” (James Miller, Flowers in the Dustbin, p. 144).
Though it is considered a bastion of independent spirits, in
many ways, mainstream rock & roll has been little more than
a marketing ploy from its inception. From Alan Freed to Elvis
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Presley to Ricky Nelson to the Dick Clark Show to the Beatles
to Black Sabbath to the Spice Girls to Eminem, gullible young
people have been manipulated by greedy merchandisers.
Electronic Media Inventions
Electronic media inventions prepared the way for rock &
roll.
45 RPM Records
“Another significant change which happened between
1954 and 1956 concerns the 45 rpm record. In the total
sales of single records, 45s first surpassed 78s in these
years, and this shift was directly related to the growing
popularity of rock music. Forty-five rpm records had
been introduced by RCA in 1949 … but the 45 medium
was not accepted immediately. … In 1954, several of the
major record companies announced that they would
send 45s instead of 78s to disk jockeys. … the 45
constituted a speeding-up process. …
“The lightness, ease of handling, and physical resilience
of the 45 sharply distinguished it from the cumbersome
78. … The lightness of 45s, coupled with their doughnut
shape and the large spindle of 45 players, also produced
faster, easier listening. The ‘search’ for the small hole in
the center of the 78 was eliminated, and a listener could
quickly skim through a large group of records, playing
or rejecting them at a moment’s notice. The process of
playing records therefore became more casual, and there
was a more immediate relationship between listener and
record than had been possible with the heavy and
breakable 78s. … In the 1950s, 45s became the medium
for youth and for their music” (Carl Belz, The Story of
Rock, pp. 53-55).
One of the first songs released on a 45 record was Big Boy
Crudup’s “That’s All Right Mama,” which Elvis Presley
recorded in 1954 for his first hit. “Since teenagers associated
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the 45 with the growth of R&B music and later rock ‘n’ roll, it
became the record they called their own” (What Was the First
Rock ‘n’ Roll Record?, p. 20).
Radio
The portable transistor radio was invented at the Bell
Laboratory in New Jersey in 1947 and reached the general
public in 1953. Radios also began appearing in automobiles
in the 1950s and by 1963 there were radios in more than 50
million cars.
Alan Freed, Dewey “Daddy-O” Phillips, and many other
rock disc jockeys used the radio to help create a new teenage
culture with its own music, language, clothing styles, and
moral code.
“In this new subculture of rock and roll THE
IMPORTANT FIGURES OF AUTHORITY WERE NO
LONGER MAYORS AND SELECTMEN OR PARENTS;
THEY WERE DISC JOCKEYS, WHO REAFFIRMED
THE RIGHT TO YOUTHFUL INDEPENDENCE AND
GUIDED TEENAGERS TO THEIR NEW ROCK
HEROES. The young formed their own community. For
the first time in American life they were becoming a
separate, defined part of the culture. As they had money,
they were a market, and as they were a market they were
listened to and catered to. Elvis was the first beneficiary.
In effect, he was entering millions of American homes
on the sly; if the parents had had their way, he would
most assuredly have been barred” (The Fifties, p. 474).
“By the time Elvis Presley had checked into the
Heartbreak Hotel, in the early fifties, radio had already
become tremendously important as a conveyor of rock
and roll’s message. SUDDENLY, 17 MILLION
TEENAGERS WERE VIRTUALLY PUTTY IN THE
HANDS OF THE COUNTRY’S 1,700 DEEJAYS. Albert
Goldman, Presley’s biographer, noted: ‘As these kids got
up in the morning, or came home from school, as they
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rode in cars or lay on the beach with their portables, as
they did their homework in the evening or snuggled in
their beds at night with the lights out and their minds
open in the most suggestible condition, THE DJS
ENJOYED AN INCOMPARABLE OPPORTUNITY TO
MOLD THE IMAGINATION OF AN ENTIRE
GENERATION’” (Dan and Steve Peters, Why Knock
Rock?, p. 34).
Television
Though television was developed in the 1920s and
televised images were offered to the public in the 1930s, it did
not move into common circulation until after World War II.
In 1948 there were only 500,000 television sets in America,
but by 1956 there were 37 million sets served by 620
television stations.
This new visual electronic medium had a very powerful
influence in the spread of rock and roll. Elvis Presley leaped
to national prominence when he appeared on the Dorsey
Brothers’ Stage Show, the Milton Berle Show, the Steven Allen
Show, and the Ed Sullivan Show. The 1956 appearance on Ed
Sullivan attracted 54 million viewers, which was a whopping
83% of the television audience.
Dick Clark’s American Bandstand was inaugurated in 1956
and was watched by millions of teens. “Every day nationwide,
teenagers rushed home from school to watch their favorite
singers, and learn new rock & roll dance steps. Before long,
‘Bandstand’ dancers became folk heroes in their own right.
As viewers watched them day after day, they got to know the
dancers’ names; they copied their clothing and hairstyles;
they mimicked their ‘cool’ behavior; and they kept track of
who was dancing with whom” (That Old Time Rock & Roll, p.
10).
Dick Clark broadened the base of rock music by cleaning
up its image. He even had a dress code for the dancers,
requiring the girls to wear skirts and dresses and the boys,
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coats and ties. This was a ploy to make rock more acceptable
to parents.
The Beatles received a massive increase in publicity when
they appeared on Val Parnell’s Sunday Night at the London
Palladium in the fall of 1963. The fifteen million people who
watched the program formed the largest audience in British
television history at the time. The Beatles appearance on the
Ed Sullivan Show in December 1963 was seen by more than
73 million people, which was more than 60% of all television
viewers. Within nine days of that show, Americans had
bought more than two million Beatles records and more than
$2.5 million worth of Beatles merchandise.
Dave Clark, testifying of Ed Sullivan’s role in the
promotion of rock & roll, said: “The power of the man and
his show was unbelievable.” Not only did Sullivan promote
Elvis Presley and the Beatles, but also Buddy Holly and the
Crickets, the Rolling Stones, Gerry and the Pacemakers, the
Searchers, the Dave Clark Five, and many others.
The influence of television on the promotion of rock did
not stop with the 1960s. MTV (Music Television) was
launched in August 1981 by Warner and American Express.
“During the 1980s, MTV packaged and delivered rock and
roll to the TV generation” (A Time to Rock, p. 295). Initially
broadcast to 2.5 million households, by 1983, MTV reached
17 million homes, and by 1991, the global audience was
estimated to be 52 million. MTV expanded to Europe in 1987
and to Asia in 1991. Before the Internet, teens watched MTV
an average of an hour a day. MTV reached 43% of all
teenagers weekly (Creem, Vol. 17, #8, p. 6). A companion
network, VH-1, focusing on adult-oriented rock, was
inaugurated in 1987.
U.S. News & World Report warned, “Day and night,
America’s youth are enticed by electronic visions of a world
so violent, sensual and narcotic that childhood itself appears
to be under siege” (Oct. 28, 1985, p. 46).
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Movies
If anything, movies have been even more influential than
television in promoting rock music. “The key to unleashing
the full social power of this new music was through
films” (Bill Haley, p. 57).
The Wild One, starring Marlon Brando, appeared in 1954
and portrayed a pack of young motorcycle thugs taking over
a town.
In 1955, two powerful movies appeared to promote rock
music and to alienate youth from their elders. Blackboard
Jungle, which featured the music of Bill Haley and the
Comets, depicted education as repressive and traditional
responsibilities as boring.
“The opening shot shows a group of kids in a
schoolyard; the chain link fence surrounding the yard
fills the foreground of the frame, symbolically placing
these school kids in a jail. But at the same time ‘Rock
around the Clock’ is blaring off the soundtrack in a
clarion call to break out of that jail and celebrate. . . .
Early in the film Glenn Ford, who plays the dedicated
teacher, tries to win over his class of juvenile delinquents
by playing his collection of valuable jazz 78s in class.
The kids respond by mocking him for listening to
‘square’ music and proceed to smash the precious
records” (Bill Haley, p. 57).
Rebel without a Cause featured the sullen, self-centered,
unisex James Dean, who became a hero and role model to a
generation of confused young people.
“By late ’55 and early ’56, teenagers in the U.S. were
rebelling and hoping to find a wild, no-holds-barred,
good lookin’, cool, crazy-eyed leader they could follow
and relate to. They found one at the movies in James
Dean, and it would only take till the spring of ’56 for ‘em
to find one for their music: Elvis Presley” (RockABilly: A
Forty-Year Journey, p. 16).
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James Dean was not only typecast as a rebel in movies, he
was a rebel in real life. When asked by actor Dennis Hopper
where his “magic” came from, Dean replied that it came from
his anger: “Because I hate my mother and father” (The Fifties,
p. 481). Elia Kazan, producer of East of Eden and Rebel
without a Cause, said James Dean had “a grudge against all
fathers. He was vengeful; he had a sense of aloneness and of
being persecuted. And he was uncommonly suspicious” (The
Fifties, p. 483). Kazan later expressed some regret of his role
in promoting youthful alienation through the James Dean
movies. He admitted that the movies portrayed parents as
“insensitive idiots, who didn’t understand or appreciate their
kids,” while portraying all youngsters as “sensitive and full of
‘soul.’”
Following are just a few of the movies that have influenced
recent generations of young people:
The Wild One (1954)
Rebel without a Cause (1955)
Blackboard Jungle (1955)
Hot Rod Girl (1956)
Teenage Rebel (1956)
Rock Pretty Baby (1956)
Violent Years (1956)
Teenage Devil Dolls (1956)
One Way Ticket to Hell (1956)
That Girl Can’t Help It (1956)
Rock around the Clock (1956)
Rock, Rock, Rock (1956)
Love Me Tender (Elvis, 1956)
Don’t Knock the Rock (1957)
Mister Rock and Roll (1957)
Jamboree (1957)
Untamed Youth (1957)
Rock, Baby, Rock It (1957)
Carnival Rock (1957)
Rockabilly Baby (1957)
Motorcycle Gang (1957)
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Teenage Wolfpack (1957)
The Delinquents (1957)
Dragstrip Girl (1957)
Jailhouse Rock (1957)
Thunder Road (1958)
Young and Wild (1958)
High School Hellcats (1958)
Dangerous Youth (1958)
Juvenile Jungle (1958)
The Cool and the Crazy (1958)
Live Fast (1958)
Die Young (1958)
The Big Beat (Alan Freed) (1958)
Sing, Boy, Sing (1958)
High School Confidential (1958)
Hot Rod Gang (1958)
Rock Around the World (1958)
Go, Johnny, Go (1959)
A Hard Day’s Night (Beatles, 1964)
Help (Beatles, 1965)
Gimme Shelter (Rolling Stones)
Woodstock (1970)
American Graffiti (1973)
Saturday Night Fever (1977)
Flashdance (1983)
New Evangelicalism
New Evangelicalism weakened churches and helped
prepare the way for rock & roll.
New Evangelicalism helped create a spiritual climate in
North America that was receptive to rock music. When
churches are strong, they reject the things of the world; but
when they are weak and compromised, the separation from
the world breaks down.
A large majority of people in America in the 1950s claimed
to be Christians, and without a wholesale weakening of the
churches, rock music could not have gained such wide
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influence. The weakening came after World War II with the
advent of a religious philosophy which its leaders branded
“new evangelicalism.”
During the first half of the 20th century, evangelicalism in
America was synonymous with fundamentalism. Many
historians make this connection, including Mark Ellingsen
(The Evangelical Movement) and George Marsden (Reforming
Fundamentalism). Marsden says, “There was not a practical
distinction between fundamentalist and evangelical: the
words were interchangeable” (p. 48).
When the National Association of Evangelicals (NAE) was
formed in 1942, for example, participants included
fundamentalist leaders such as Bob Jones, Sr., John R. Rice,
Charles Woodbridge, Harry Ironside, and David Otis Fuller.
By the mid-1950s, though, a clear break between separatist
fundamentalists and non-separatist evangelicals occurred.
This was occasioned largely by the ecumenical evangelism of
Billy Graham. Most of the stronger men dropped out of the
NAE. The terms evangelicalism and fundamentalism began
“to refer to two different movements” (William Martin, A
Prophet with Honor, p. 224).
The sons of evangelical-fundamentalist preachers
determined to create a “New Evangelicalism.” They would not
be fighters; they would be diplomats; they would have a
positive rather than a militant emphasis; they would be
infiltrators rather than separatists. They refused to be
restricted by a separationist mentality.
The term “New Evangelicalism” defined a new type of
evangelicalism to distinguish it from those who had
heretofore borne that label. The term “new evangelicalism”
was probably coined by the late Harold Ockenga (1905-1985),
one of the most influential evangelical leaders of the 1940s.
He was the pastor of Park Street Church (Congregational) in
Boston, founder of the National Association of Evangelicals,
co-founder and one-time president of Fuller Theological
Seminary, first president of the World Evangelical Fellowship,
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president of Gordon College and Gordon-Conwell
Theological Seminary, a director of the Billy Graham
Evangelistic Association, and chairman of the board and onetime editor of Christianity Today. In the foreword to Dr.
Harold Lindsell’s book The Battle for the Bible, Ockenga
stated the philosophy of new evangelicalism as follows:
“Neo-evangelicalism was born in 1948 in connection
with a convocation address which I gave in the Civic
Auditorium in Pasadena. While reaffirming the
theological view of fundamentalism, this address
repudiated its ecclesiology and its social theory. The
ringing call for a REPUDIATION OF SEPARATISM
and the summons to social involvement received a
hearty response from many evangelicals. ... It differed
from fundamentalism in its repudiation of separatism
and its determination to engage itself in the theological
dialogue of the day. It had a new emphasis upon the
application of the gospel to the sociological, political,
and economic areas of life.”
Ockenga did not create the movement; he merely labeled
and described the new mood of positivism and nonmilitancy that was quickly permeating his generation.
Ockenga and the new generation of evangelicals, Billy
Graham figuring most prominently, determined to abandon a
strong Bible stance. Instead, they would pursue dialogue,
intellectualism, and appeasement. They determined to stay
within apostate denominations to attempt to change things
from within rather than practice biblical separation.
The New Evangelical would dialogue with those who teach
error rather than proclaim the Word of God boldly and
without compromise. The New Evangelical would meet the
proud humanist and the haughty liberal on their own turf
with human scholarship rather than follow the humble path
of being counted a fool for Christ’s sake by standing simply
upon the Bible. New Evangelical leaders also determined to
start a “rethinking process” whereby the old paths were to be
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continually reassessed in light of new goals, methods, and
ideology.
Dr. Charles Woodbridge, a professor at Fuller Theological
Seminary in its early days, a founding member of the
National Association of Evangelicals, and a friend of men
such as Harold Ockenga and Carl Henry, rejected the New
Evangelicalism and spent the rest of his life warning of its
dangers. In his 1969 book, The New Evangelicalism, he traced
the downward path of New Evangelical compromise:
“The New Evangelicalism is a theological and moral
compromise of the deadliest sort. It is an insidious
attack upon the Word of God. ... The New
Evangelicalism advocates TOLERATION of error. It is
following the downward path of ACCOMMODATION
t o e r r o r, C O O P E R AT I O N w i t h e r r o r,
C O N TA M I NAT I O N by e r r o r, a n d u l t i m at e
CAPITULATION to error!” (Woodbridge, The New
Evangelicalism, pp. 9, 15).
Each passing decade witnesses more plainly to the truth of
Dr. Woodbridge’s observations. Toleration of error leads to
accommodation, cooperation, contamination, and
capitulation. This is precisely the path that evangelical
Christianity in general has taken during the past 50 years, as
New Evangelicalism has spread across the world.
The New Evangelical philosophy has been adopted by such
well-known Christian leaders as Billy Graham, Bill Bright,
Harold Lindsell, John R.W. Stott, Luis Palau, E.V. Hill,
Leighton Ford, Charles Stanley, Bill Hybels, Warren Wiersbe,
Chuck Colson, Donald McGavran, Tony Campolo, Arthur
Glasser, D. James Kennedy, David Hocking, Charles Swindoll,
Rick Warren, Bill Hybels, and a host of other men. New
Evangelicalism has been popularized through pleasant
personalities and broadcast through powerful print, radio,
and television media. Christianity Today was founded in 1956
to voice the new philosophy. Through publishing houses such
as InterVarsity Press, Zondervan, Tyndale House Publishers,
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Moody Press, and Thomas Nelson--to name a few--New
Evangelical thought was broadcast internationally. New
Evangelicalism became the working principle of large
interdenominational organizations such as the National
Association of Evangelicals, National Religious Broadcasters,
Youth for Christ, Campus Crusade for Christ, Back to the
Bible, Inter-Varsity Christian Fellowship, World Vision,
Operation Mobilization, the Evangelical Foreign Mission
Association, World Evangelical Fellowship, the National
Sunday School Association, etc. It was spread through
educational institutions such as Fuller Theological Seminary,
Wheaton College, Gordon-Conwell, BIOLA, and Moody
Bible Institute.
Historian David Beale observes that the New Evangelical
philosophy “captured many organizations, fellowships,
associations, and denominations that originated as strictly
fundamentalist groups” (Beale, In Pursuit of Purity, p. 263).
Because of the tremendous influence of these men and
organizations, New Evangelical thought has swept the globe.
Today, almost without exception, those who call themselves
evangelicals are New Evangelicals; the terms have become
synonymous. Old-line evangelicals, with rare exceptions,
have either aligned with the fundamentalist movement or
have adopted New Evangelicalism.
Evangelicalism’s compromise is seen in its repudiation of
biblical holiness. It has broken down the walls of ecclesiastical
separation as well as the walls of separation from the world.
The old fundamentalism was staunchly opposed to
worldliness. The New Evangelical crowd has modified this.
The result has been incredible to behold. R-rated movies are
given positive reviews in evangelical publications. Evangelical
music groups look and sound exactly like the world.
Evangelical Bible College campuses have the look and feel of
secular colleges. The students wear the same clothes (or lack
of clothes) as the world; they drink the same liquor; they
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dance to the same music; they celebrate the same worldly
events; they care about the same worldly concerns.
Richard Quebedeaux documented this more than 35 years
ago in his book, The Worldly Evangelicals.
“The Gallup Poll is correct in asserting that born-again
Christians ‘believe in a strict moral code.’ But that
strictness has been considerably modified during the
last few years … the monthly question and answer
column (patterned after ‘Dear Abby’) in Campus Life,
Youth for Christ’s magazine, gives the impression that
more born-again high school age couples are having
INTERCOURSE than is generally supposed. Among
evangelical young people, MASTERBATION is now
often seen as a gift from God. DIVORCE AND
REMARRIAGE are becoming more frequent and
acceptable among evangelicals of all ages, even in some
of their more conservative churches. This new tolerant
attitude toward divorce has been greatly facilitated both
by the publication of positive articles and books on the
problem by evangelical authors and by the growth of
ministry to singles in evangelical churches. … Some
evangelical women are taking advantage of ABORTION
on demand. Many younger evangelicals occasionally use
PROFANITY in their speech and writing (though they
are generally careful to avoid traditional profanity
against the deity). Some of the recent evangelical sextechnique books assume that their readers peruse and
view PORNOGRAPHY on occasion, and they do.
Finally, in 1976 there emerged a fellowship and
information organization for practicing evangelical
LESBIANS AND GAY MEN and their sympathizers.
There is probably just as high a percentage of gays in the
evangelical movement as in the wider society. Some of
them are now coming out of the closet, distributing
well-articulated literature, and demanding to be
recognized and affirmed by the evangelical community
at large” (Quebedeaux, The Worldly Evangelicals, 1978,
pp. 16, 17).
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James Hunter in the book Evangelicalism the Coming
Generation (1987) documents “the evolution of behavioral
standards for students” at evangelical colleges:
“What has happened at Wheaton College, Gordon
College, and Westmont College is typical of most of the
colleges in this subculture. From the time of their
founding to the mid-1960s, the college rules
unapologetically prohibited ‘profaning the Sabbath,’
‘profane or obscene language or behavior,’ playing
billiards, playing cards and gambling, using intoxicating
liquors or tobacco, theater and movie attendance, and
any form of dancing—both on- and offcampus” (Hunter, p. 169).
Hunter goes on to observe that these rules have largely
been dropped. Further, the worldliness on evangelical college
campuses has increased significantly in the twelve years since
his book was published.
Describing this moral apostasy in The Great Evangelical
Disaster, Francis Schaeffer said:
“How the mindset of accommodation grows and
expands. The last sixty years have given birth to a moral
disaster, and what have we done? Sadly we must say that
the evangelical world has been part of the disaster. ...
WITH TEARS WE MUST SAY THAT ... A LARGE
SEGMENT OF THE EVANGELICAL WORLD HAS
BECOME SEDUCED BY THE WORLD SPIRIT OF
THIS PRESENT AGE” (Schaeffer, p. 141).
The apostasy of today’s evangelicalism was described by
the Alliance of Confessing Evangelicals in the Cambridge
Declaration. The declaration, signed by 80 theologians and
church leaders, was released on April 20, 1996, at the end of a
four-day conference in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The
signers included James Montgomery Boice, J.A.O. Preus III,
David Wells, Albert Mohler, and Michael Horton, and
represented Lutheran, Reformed, Baptist, Congregational,
and Independent denominations.
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“Today the light of Reformation has been significantly
dimmed. The consequence is that THE WORD
‘EVANGELICAL’ HAS BECOME SO INCLUSIVE AS
TO HAVE LOST ITS MEANING. … As Biblical
authority has been abandoned in practice, as its truths
have faded from Christian consciousness, and its
doctrines have lost their saliency, THE CHURCH HAS
B E E N I N C R E A S I N G LY E M P T I E D O F I T S
I N T E G R I T Y, M O R A L AU T H O R I T Y A N D
DIRECTION. … As evangelical faith becomes
secularized, its interests have been blurred with those of
the culture. THE RESULT IS A LOSS OF ABSOLUTE
VALUES, PERMISSIVE INDIVIDUALISM, AND A
SUBSTITUTION OF WHOLENESS FOR HOLINESS,
recovery for repentance, intuition for truth, feeling for
belief, chance for providence, and immediate
gratification for enduring hope” (The Cambridge
Declaration, 1996).
The Southern Baptist Convention is an example of the
influence of New Evangelicalism. This is the largest
“Protestant” denomination in America and it has a reputation
of being staunchly and traditionally Bible believing, but when
one examines the SBC at the congregational level one
typically finds extreme worldliness.
The vast majority of SBC congregations do not preach
separation from the world, and the teens in the churches
commonly love the world’s music, fashions, etc. Like the
world, they go almost-naked to the beaches, dance to rock &
roll, wear whatever immodest fashions are in style, even get
excited about occultic entertainment trends such as Harry
Potter.
I grew up in Southern Baptist churches, and it was in a
Southern Baptist youth group that I first learned to love rock
music. The pastor’s son and the deacons’ sons had all of the
latest rock albums, and I listened to them when I visited their
homes. Large numbers of those who attended the rock dances
at my junior and senior high school were church kids. I didn’t
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know of one kid in our church that had a serious relationship
with the Lord. We professed Christ with our lips, but we
loved the world with our hearts.
That which is sadly true of the Southern Baptist
Convention is true of most other denominations today. Even
fundamentalist Bible churches and independent Baptist
congregations are following suit. They do not preach or
practice separation from the world.
The spread of the New Evangelical philosophy to a vast
segment of Protestant and Baptist Christianity in the past 50
years has paved the way for the acceptance of rock & roll
music even among professing Bible-believing Christians.
New Evangelicalism has produced a worldly Christianity
which cannot and will not resist the enticement of rock &
roll.
Materialism and Working Mothers
Another key factor in the rapid spread of rock music
during the past 50 years is the breakdown of the home; and
one of the chief causes of this is the insane pursuit of wealth
and comfort with the accompanying phenomenon of
working mothers.
During World War II, women entered the work force in
great numbers because so many men were fighting overseas.
When the war ended, the trend toward working moms did
not stop. Instead of being content with the father’s paycheck
while the mothers attended to the essential business of
keeping the home and caring for the children, mothers and
fathers both entered the work force.
This left the children without close parental supervision
and training, and the opportunity was ideal for rock stars to
further alienate youth from their parents with their rebellious
music.
It also has allowed rock musicians to more effectively push
their agenda of sexual license and drug abuse. A 1989 study
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of 5,000 eighth-grade students in California found that
“home alone” children were twice as likely to drink alcohol
and take drugs as children under the supervision of their
parents (Sylvia Ann Hewlett, “Tough Choices, Great
Rewards,” Parade magazine, July 17, 1994, p. 5).
We conclude with the following statement by Ron
Williams, founder of the Hephzibah House in Winona Lake,
Indiana:
“Small wonder many children and young people forge
such strong loyalties to peers even though they are an
adverse influence on them. In the absence of a fulltime
mother, a child will naturally seek guidance,
companionship and fulfillment from another source.
Loyalties that should have been cemented with his
parents and family are instead farmed out to evilcharactered peers readily provided by a satanicallydominated world. Mom, your children need you, not a
surrogate hireling. You cannot be replaced by another.
God has called you to be a ‘keeper at home,’ not to stunt
your creativity or imprison you in an unfulfilling,
demeaning role, but because you have been called to the
high and noble office of a homemaker; a responsibility
with unmeasureable rewards, heavy demands, great
fulfillment, and inestimable blessing for you, your
husband, and your children.”
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1950s Rock
Rock & roll music has never been morally innocent and
wholesome when examined biblically. From its inception in
the 1950s, rock music has promoted rebellion against the
God of the Bible, not always expressly, but rebellion just the
same. Defiance of God-ordained authority and rejection of
biblical morality is rebellion against God. The Bible says, “For
rebellion is as the sin of witchcraft, and stubbornness is as
iniquity and idolatry” (1 Samuel 15:23).
1950s rock literally changed the character of Western
society and laid the groundwork for the more dramatic
spiritual and moral revolution that has followed in
succeeding decades. This is recognized by cultural historians.
David Townsend, who calls the 1950s “a watershed
moment in modern history,” says,
“Rock 'n' roll has never been just a music. ... Rock 'n' roll
is a movement, a lifestyle, a culture ... It is a tradition, in
some ways a folklore, in many ways a belief system. And
all that rock 'n' roll is today it owes to a brief window of
history: two years, no more than three, when the fabric
of American popular culture was torn apart and
rewoven, and a new era explosively began. ... This was
no small moment in history, for the effects of these two
years’ echoes continue to spread, to other nations, to
new generations, to the thrones of power and the seats
of wealth, as well as to the dispossessed and restless
youth of a new era” (David Townsend, Changing the
World: Rock & Roll Culture and Ideology, chapter 2).
Indeed, rock roared onto the scene in the 1950s with the
power of a cultural tsunami. David Townsend describes 30 of
the top hits of the 1950s and shows how that they “fell from
the sky almost simultaneously,” how that it was a “relentless
deluge.” It’s not difficult for a Bible believer to see the hand of
the “god of this world” in this momentous event (2 Cor. 4:4).
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Townsend says,
“Try to imagine waking up every morning with the
increasing realization that a revolution was occurring all
around you, that the next wave was likely to hit at any
moment, that you were a part of this accelerating
phenomenon day in and day out, and all your friends
were caught up in it too. About once a week, someone
would arrive at school or at the soda shop to announce,
‘You’ve got to hear this great new record!’ And indeed it
was great, and the excitement just grew and grew, until
it was bigger than anything before: it was a way of life, a
burning passion wanting more and more and
proclaiming with religious fervor that it would never die
or diminish, but would grow to engulf the world with its
message of euphoria and the wonders of life and love
and youth” (Townsend, Changing the World).
Consider the character of 1950s rock.
The following quotes are from social historians and rock
biographers who are unabashed rock fans, but when their
statements are analyzed from a biblical perspective it is
obvious that 1950s rock added up to a bold call for revolution
against biblical mores. In fact, there is a sense in which 1950s
rock was more nakedly revolutionary than anything that has
come afterward.
“A badly recorded monophonic relic like ‘Tutti Frutti’
could still hold its own against the hardest hitting rock
of any era when it comes to revving up an audience.
[Little] Richard's powerful, flexible shouting/singing is
m i r rore d by n e a r l y out - of - c ont ro l b a c k i n g
instrumentals: drums, bass, piano, saxophones. ...
[Richard’s ‘Lucille’ is] pre-historic Heavy Metal: the
louder it is played, the more exciting it
sounds” (Townsend, Changing the World).
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Self-Centered Rebellion
“If you think rockabilly is just music, you’re wrong.
Rockabilly’s always been an attitude” (Billy Poore,
RockABilly: A Forty-Year Journey, p. 113).
“Rock ‘n’ roll marked the beginning of the revolution. …
We’ve combined youth, music, sex, drugs, and rebellion
with treason, and that’s a combination hard to
beat” (Jerry Rubin, Do It!, 1970, pp. 19, 249).
“Rock music has always held seeds of the forbidden. …
Rock and Roll has long been an adversary to many of
the basic tenets of Christianity” (Michael Moynihan,
Lord’s of Chaos, p. x).
“What made rockabilly [Elvis Presley, Bill Haley, etc.]
such a drastically new music was its spirit, a thing that
bordered on mania. Elvis’s ‘Good Rockin’ Tonight’ was
not merely a party song, but an invitation to a
holocaust” (Nick Tosches, Country: The Twisted Roots of
Rock ‘n’ Roll, p. 58).
“… FIFTIES ROCK WAS REVOLUTIONARY. IT
URGED PEOPLE TO DO WHATEVER THEY
WANTED TO DO, EVEN IF IT MEANT BREAKING
THE RULES. … From Buddy [Holly] the burgeoning
youth culture received rock’s message of freedom, which
presaged the dawn of a decade of seismic change and
liberation. … Buddy Holly left the United States for the
first time in 1958, carrying rock ‘n’ roll—the music as
well as its highly subversive message of freedom—to the
world at large. … LAYING THE GROUNDWORK FOR
THE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL UPHEAVALS ROCK
‘N’ ROLL WAS INSTRUMENTAL IN FOMENTING IN
THE FOLLOWING DECADE” (Ellis Amburn, Buddy
Holly: A Biography, pp. 4, 6, 131).
“Elvis Presley was one of the few people in our lifetime
who changed things. You hear Mantovani in every
elevator, but so what? Elvis changed our hairstyles, dress
styles, our attitudes toward sex, all the musical
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taste” (David Brinkley, NBC News, cited by Larry Nager,
Memphis Beat, p. 216).
Little Richard’s biographer notes that the “wild freedom” of
his music “changed the lives of hundreds of thousands of
young people” (Charles White, The Life and Times of Little
Richard, p. 81). His biographer says, further, that Little
Richard “freed people from their inhibitions, unleashing their
spirit, ENABLING THEM TO DO EXACTLY WHAT THEY
FELT LIKE DOING” (White, p. 66).
There is no doubt that this is true, but the “wild freedom”
of rock & roll is not the freedom promised in Jesus Christ.
Giving freedom to the sinful flesh is not freedom at all. It is
what the Bible calls “the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes,
and the pride of life” (1 John 2:15-16). The wages of giving
freedom to the flesh is death: “Know ye not, that to whom ye
yield yourselves servants to obey, his servants ye are to whom
ye obey; whether of sin unto death, or of obedience unto
righteousness?” (Romans 6:16).
Little Richard’s famous 1956 hit “Rip It Up,” summarizes
the morally careless, lustful, rock & roll philosophy:
“Well, it’s Saturday night and I just got paid/ Fool about
my money, don’t try to save/ My heart says, go go/ Have
a time/ ’Cause it’s Saturday night, and I feel fine/ I’m
gonna rip it up!/ I’m gonna rock it up!/ I’m gonna shake
it up/ . . . Along about ten/ I’ll be flyin’ high/ Walk on
out into the sky/ But I don’t care if I spend my dough/
’Cause tonight I’m gonna be one happy soul/ I’m gonna
rip it up!…”
Johnny Burnett and Rock ‘N Roll Trio’s hit “Tear It Up” was
a standard ’50s rock anthem. “When you heard Johnny
Burnette screamin’ out to you to ‘Tear It Up,’ he wasn’t just
talking about a dance floor, he was talkin’ about how you
wanted to live your life” (Billy Poore, RockABilly, p. 113).
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Immorality
1950s rock is mild compared with the rock music that
came later, but 1950s rock was not innocent by biblical
standards. In fact, it was morally filthy.
“ROCKABILLY WAS THE FACE OF DIONYSUS, full
of febrile sexuality and senselessness; it flushed the skin
of new housewives and made pink teenage boys reinvent
themselves as flaming creatures” (Nick Tosches,
Country: The Twisted Roots of Rock ‘n’ Roll, p. 58).
“But now, ‘Good Rockin’ Tonight,’ you know what that
means. I had my mind on this girl in the bedroom. I’m
not going to lie to you. Listen, man, I wrote them kind
of songs. I was a dirty cat” (Roy Brown, composer of
“Good Rockin’ Tonight,” 1948, cited by Robert Palmer,
Rock & Roll an Unruly History, p. 15).
Chuck Berry’s first rock & roll hit was the dirty
“Maybellene” in 1955, and he stirred up frenzy in young
people with his carnal music and performances. Many of his
songs, which have been described as “slyly vulgar,” have
glorified sexual lust outside of marriage. Even his 1987
autobiography is “sexually explicit” (Rock Lives, p. 23).
Jerry Lewis’s 1957 hits were a crude, brutish, in-your-face
call to free sex.
Little Richard’s 1955 hit “Tutti Frutti” was a vulgar song
that was so filthy the lyrics had to be toned down for public
consumption.
Elvis’s hit “Hound Dog” was a vulgar blues song that had
been published by Big Mama Thornton in 1953.
The Big Bopper’s 1958 hit was “Chantilly Lace,” in which “a
lecherous lover enumerates the unmentionable acts his
girlfriend is willing to perform” (Ellis Amburn, Buddy Holly,
p. 250).
Buddy Holly’s 1958 hit “Oh Boy” was about fornication.
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Jan and Dean’s 1958 hit “Jennie Lee” was about a local
stripper.
The 1954 hit “Shake, Rattle, and Roll” was an immoral
blues song which Bill Haley toned down.
“Sixty-Minute Man” by the Dominoes, which was the
biggest R&B hit of 1951 and which became a pop hit as well,
was very filthy.
The above represents only a tiny part of the immorality
that characterized early rock music.
The Personalities of 1950s Rock
The following review of the pioneers of rock & roll leave no
doubt that rock music has been rebellious and licentious
from its very inception:
Chuck Berry
Chuck Berry (b. 1926) has been called “the single most
important name in the history of rock.” He was one of the
first inductees into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in
Cleveland, Ohio, in 1986. He “melded the blues, country, and
a witty, defiant teen outlook into songs that have influenced
virtually every rock musician in his wake” (Rolling Stone
Encyclopedia of Rock, p. 71). Berry has led the rock & roll
choir in a salute to immorality and defiance to authority.
Though he started singing at age six in the choir of Antioch
Baptist Church of Elleadsville, a suburb of St. Louis, he chose
the world, the flesh, and the devil when he reached teen
years. He spent 1944 to 1947 in reform school for attempted
robbery, and has continued to have run-ins with the law
throughout his life.
In 1959, Berry was charged with statutory rape of a 14year-old Spanish-speaking Apache girl he had brought from
Texas to St. Louis. Berry was eventually convicted and spent
two years in federal prison. In 1979, he spent 100 days in
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prison for income tax evasion. In 1988, he had to pay a fine to
settle a lawsuit from a woman who alleges he punched her in
the face. In 1990, police raided his home and found 62 grams
of marijuana plus video recordings of women who were
visiting the restroom at his amusement park in Wentzville,
Missouri. He was given a six-month suspended sentence,
placed on two years’ probation, and required to donate
$5,000 to a hospital. He has had multiple marriages.
Sam Cooke
Sam Cooke (1931-1964) (he added the “e” to his last name
when he entered show business) grew up in the home of a
holiness Baptist pastor, and began his music career as a small
boy singing in the choir. By age nine, he joined one of his
brothers and two of his sisters to form the Singing Children.
He was baptized at age 11 at his father’s Christ Temple
Church in Bronzeville, Illinois. His father began traveling as
an evangelist soon thereafter, and the Singing Children
accompanied him. In high school, Sam sang with a gospel
group called the Highway QC’s. By 1951, at age 20, Sam
joined the professional gospel quartet the Soul Stirrers, a
group that was extremely popular but did not have a good
moral testimony. “During the late 1940s, quartets had
become exceptionally popular and moral laxity had
subsequently infected the circuit—even to the extent of
female groupies following the male groups around for casual
affairs” (Viv Broughton, Black Gospel).
Cooke thrived in this atmosphere and was extremely
popular with young church women. He toured the country
for six years with the Soul Stirrers, “shaping up as a sort of
holy heartthrob, milking more than just spiritual fervor from
his audience” (Stairway to Heaven, p. 79). Historian Tony
Heilbut called Cooke “the greatest sex symbol in gospel
history.”
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By 1957, Cooke determined to entertain the world with
rhythm and blues, and he was immediately rewarded with the
hit “You Send Me.” He had hit after hit. The one in 1962 was
“Twistin’ the Night Away.” He formed his own record label
and invested in a beer company called Cooke’s Beer.
In 1959, Cooke married his second wife, Barbara
Campbell. They already had an eight-year-old daughter. He
was never faithful to his wives. He fathered at least two
children out of wedlock and often slept with prostitutes to
avoid paternity suits. Even as a young man singing with the
Highway QCs, he was jailed for 90 days on a morals charge,
after being caught bringing pornography to the home of a
girlfriend. It was a sin that would dominate him throughout
his life. “… the charismatic Sam couldn’t stay away from the
women..” (Rock Bottom, p. 92).
In 1964, Sam Cooke’s 18-month-old son drowned in a
swimming pool.
On December 11, 1964, Cooke was shot to death at age 33.
Bertha Franklin, the shooter, claimed self-defense and the
coroner ruled the killing justifiable homicide. Sam had
checked into a motel room with a woman, but soon thereafter
she ran out of the room pulling on her clothes, with Sam
following wearing only a sports jacket and one shoe. He
broke down the manager’s door, apparently thinking that the
woman had fled there. The manager, Bertha Franklin, shot
him three times and beat him with a large stick. His blood
alcohol level was 0.14. “Though some wondered why the
successful, debonair singer was found in such a seedy
neighborhood, pal Johnny Morisette said that he and Sam
often frequented the Sands nightclub on Figueroa, also
confirming that Sam had a penchant for hookers and knew
the Hacienda Motel ‘very, very well’” (Rock Bottom, p. 101).
Less than two months after her husband’s death, Barbara
Cooke announced her engagement to recording star Bobby
Womack. They were divorced a few years later.
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Alan Freed
See “History of Rock Music.”
Bill Haley
Bill Haley’s (1925-1981) 1950s hits with the Comets
defined early rock music. His mother played piano in a
Baptist church, but he demonstrated his love for the world at
an early age. He released his first record in 1948 with a group
called the Four Aces of Western Swing. The next year the
group’s name was changed to the Saddlemen. By 1951, Haley
and his group were starting off their music shows with “Rock
the Joint,” and later that year he recorded his first rock song, a
cover of the blues song “Rocket 88.” Haley later said that his
early rock songs were recorded after watching pornography
and live sex orgies “to get the band ‘worked up’ but
‘frustrated’ enough to play frenzied rock & roll
rhythms” (John Swenson, Bill Haley: The Daddy of Rock and
Roll, pp. 34, 35).
The group’s name was changed to the Comets and in 1953
they came out with “Crazy, Man, Crazy.” In 1954, came “Rock
Around the Clock,” which encouraged all-night wild
partying. It was basically a re-write of an old filthy blues song
called “My Daddy Rocks Me with a Steady Roll.” “Rock
Around the Clock” became the national anthem of rock &
roll and the largest selling hit, having run through some
thirty million copies by more than 100 different groups
(Swenson, p. 48). In 1954, Bill Haley and the Comets also
recorded Joe Turner’s “Shake, Rattle and Roll,” which
encouraged lewd behavior. “A lot of people liked it because it
resembled a number of R&B tunes about all-night
sex” (Swenson, p. 45). It was wildly popular, becoming the
first rock record to sell a million copies.
There was much violence at early Haley’s concerts. A
concert at the National Guard Armory in Washington, D.C.
in 1956, for example, resulted in stabbings and a brain
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concussion. The fighting spilled out into the street, where
more injuries were sustained. In San Jose, California, in 1957,
Bill Haley fans routed 73 policemen, injuring eleven people
and causing $3,000 in damage (Swenson, Bill Haley, p. 76). A
concert riot at Asbury Park, New Jersey, on June 30, 1956, left
25 youth hospitalized. A European tour in October 1958 was
plagued with violence. A riot broke out at a concert in Paris,
France, and “legions of fans pulverized chairs and streamed
into the streets screaming ‘Long live Haley! Down with the
police!’” Ten fans were injured and 50 arrested. The next stop
on the tour was Germany, and a riot broke out at the East
Berlin concert on October 26. Kids smashed their seats and
each other with clubs. They trashed the arena, wrecked music
equipment, and threw chairs at the police, who had to bring
in fire hoses to disburse them. Driven outside, they rampaged
through the city. The damage was more than 30,000
Deutschmarks; there were 17 injuries and 18 arrests. A
policeman was blinded in one eye.
Even the screening of the film for Rock Around the Clock
resulted in destruction of property and near-rioting
conditions. “Theater seats were torn to shreds by fans in San
Francisco and elsewhere” (Why Knock Rock? p. 14). After
rioting at the premiere of the movie in Manchester, England,
it was banned in several other British cities.
The Bill Haley song “Rock the Joint” encouraged young
people to throw off all restraints. “It was a song about having
such a good time that nothing mattered: ‘We’re gonna tear
down the mailbox, rip up the floor/ Smash out the windows
and knock out the door.”
Haley’s records sold 60 million copies during his lifetime,
but the money and fame did him little good. His three
marriages ended in divorce because of his immorality and
heavy drinking. His fourth child died mysteriously in infancy
in its cot. In the early 1960s, Haley “fled to Mexico in
disgrace, leaving behind a sorrowful trail of enemies and
unpaid bills” (Swenson, p. 134). There he married his third
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wife, Martha Velascao, and started another family. His return
to Nashville in 1973 to film Just Rock and Roll Music was a
fiasco. He was arrested twice in the same week for public
drunkenness (Rock Lives, p. 79). He was even mean and
violent toward his band, breaking furniture, and such things,
and he “was run out of Nashville in disgrace” (Swenson, p.
148). On a European tour in 1979, reports came back that he
assaulted fans and disrobed onstage.
He became increasingly paranoid, depressed, and
psychotic as the years passed. “Police would often find him
wandering aimlessly after nightfall, lost on some remote
country lane, delirious, incoherent, suffering from amnesia.”
He moved into the garage, painted the windows black, and
installed floodlights outside to ward off imagined enemies.
Even to his own children he told wild tales about being in the
Marines and being a deputy sheriff, though he had never
done those things. Before his death he would visit restaurants
and show the waitresses and various customers his driver’s
license, telling them he was Bill Haley.
He died with a liquor bottle in his hand on February 9,
1981, at age 55. The cause of death was a presumed heart
attack. He “died a broken, insane man” (Swenson, p. 162).
Screamin’ Jay Hawkins
Most famous for his 1956 hit “I Put a Spell on You,”
Screamin’ Jay Hawkins (1929-2000) performed and recorded
rock & roll and R&B for five decades. The aforementioned
song, which was banned by most radio stations, was not
merely a form of entertainment. The original recording of “I
Put a Spell on You” was done after Hawkins and his band
members got drunk and “some type of presence seemed to
seize him.” He began “grunting, growling, screaming,
gurgling in strange unknown tongues, and wildly dancing
around the studio” (Heartbeat of the Dragon, p. 40). Hawkins
studied voodoo and had a large library of material on the
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occult. He was raised by an Indian woman who was involved
in occultism. “If my Blackfoot Indian mother was from
Africa you would call her a witch doctor; if she was from
New Orleans, you’d call her a voodoo priestess. I just put it to
music” (Spin magazine, April 1990). Hawkins performed
with a skull he called “Henry” and a plastic snake. Other
Screamin’ Jay songs include such wholesome fare as “Little
Demon” (the flip side to “I Put a Spell”), “Baptize Me in
Wine,” “I Found My Way to Wine,” “She Put the Wamee on
Me,” and “Constipation Blues.”
Buddy Holly
Buddy Holly (1936-1959) was one of the founders of rock
& roll, and his influence is vast. Paul McCartney of the
Beatles, Keith Richards of the Rolling Stones, Eric Clapton,
and Elton John are just a few of the rockers who credit Buddy
Holly as one of their greatest inspirations.
His name at birth was Charles Hardin Buddy Holley, and
he dropped the “e” from his last name when he began his
music career.
During his high school years in the early 1950s, he formed
a country-swing group called Western and Bop Band. One of
his favorite songs was “Work with Me, Annie,” a lewd tune
that was banned from most white pop stations (Remembering
Buddy, p. 19).
After hearing Elvis Presley, Holly turned his musical genius
to rock & roll, and in early 1957, he formed the Crickets.
Their first recording, “That’ll Be the Day,” became a No. 1 hit
that year. Other hits, such as “Peggy Sue” and “Oh, Boy,”
quickly followed and have become some of the best-known
songs in rock music. More than 40 years later, they still
receive regular airplay on many stations across the land.
While on a rock tour in the mid-west in February 1959,
Buddy Holly and two other rockers, the Big Bopper and
Ritchie Valens, were killed in a charter plane crash in a severe
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snow storm near Mason City, Iowa. Buddy Holly was 22 years
old when he died.
Holly was born in Lubbock, Texas, and grew up in the
Tabernacle Baptist Church, a fundamental Baptist
congregation. His father and older brothers served in various
capacities at Tabernacle. Buddy made a public profession of
faith in Christ and was baptized at age 14, but his life did not
exhibit good evidence of regeneration. While salvation is a
free gift of God’s grace in Jesus Christ, the Bible says there are
“things that accompany salvation” (Heb. 6:9). If a person is
born again, there will be evidence of this in his life.
“Therefore if any man be in Christ, he is a new creature:
old things are passed away; behold, all things are
become new” (2 Cor. 5:17).
“And hereby we do know that we know him, if we keep
his commandments. He that saith, I know him, and
keepeth not his commandments, is a liar, and the truth
is not in him” (1 John 2:3, 4).
Buddy Holly professed Christ, but he didn’t lived for
Christ. Sadly, he was far more interested in rocking and
rolling than in glorifying Jesus Christ. Buddy Holly’s
biographer notes: “He became sexually adventurous, a moral
outlaw in his time. . .” (Ellis Amburn, Buddy Holly, p. 4). In
his teens, Buddy began disobeying his Christian parents,
staying out late, drinking, smoking, shoplifting, gambling,
carousing with immoral women. Buddy’s friend Sonny Curtis
remembers him as “a drinker—loud, a smart aleck, headstrong.”
Even after publicly professing Christ and being baptized,
Buddy told his friends that he had no intention to stop his
worldly ways. From time to time, Buddy expressed some
remorse for his wicked life, but remorse in itself is not biblical
repentance. Most drunkards express remorse when they are
sober. Most men in prison express some remorse about their
lives. The Bible tells us that there are two kinds of sorrow that
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a sinner can have: godly sorrow that works repentance, and
the sorrow of the world (2 Cor. 7:10). The sorrow of the
world is a remorse about one’s actions that does not result in
change. It is remorse about the consequences of sin, but is not
a repentance from sin. The sorrow that works repentance, on
the other hand, is a sorrow about one’s sin that results in a
change of attitude toward sin and toward Almighty God.
Such sorrow is always evident by a change of life.
“For godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation not
to be repented of: but the sorrow of the world worketh
death. For behold this selfsame thing, that ye sorrowed
after a godly sort, what carefulness it wrought in you,
yea, what clearing of yourselves, yea, what indignation,
yea, what fear, yea, what vehement desire, yea, what zeal,
yea, what revenge! In all things ye have approved
yourselves to be clear in this matter” (2 Cor. 7:10-11)
Buddy’s older brother, Larry, who was still a member and a
trustee at Tabernacle Baptist when I wrote the first edition of
this book, believes Buddy was saved but backslidden and the
Lord took him home because of his stubborn rebellion
(Amburn, Buddy Holly, p. 54). This is possible, though in
Buddy’s case there is little or no biblical evidence that he was
ever born again in the first place. A person cannot backslide
spiritually unless he first has been given new spiritual life by
being born again. Those who are born again children of God
are subject to God’s discipline. The Bible says the Lord
disciplines his children, and there is a sin unto death.
“For whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth, and
scourgeth every son whom he receiveth. If ye endure
chastening, God dealeth with you as with sons; for what
son is he whom the father chasteneth not? But if ye be
without chastisement, whereof all are partakers, then are
ye bastards, and not sons” (Hebrews 12:6-8).
“If any man see his brother sin a sin which is not unto
death, he shall ask, and he shall give him life for them
that sin not unto death. There is a sin unto death: I do
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not say that he shall pray for it. All unrighteousness is
sin: and there is a sin not unto death” (1 John 5:16, 17).
Those who believe Buddy knew the Lord and was
disciplined by Him point out that he was only 22 when he
died. Further, he was not allowed to prosper from his
rebellion. In spite of his great music success, he was almost
bankrupt and was living on borrowed money when he agreed
to go on the ill-fated rock tour in the midst of one of the
worst Mid-Western winters on record.
The late Pastor Ben Johnson, who baptized Buddy, told
E.L. Bynum, a later pastor of Tabernacle, that not long before
he died, Buddy told him that he intended to get out of the
rock & roll business after he made enough to get out of debt.
(This was related to me in a telephone conversation with
Pastor Bynum, August 9, 2000).
Instead of getting right with the Lord and obeying the
Bible, though, Buddy pursued his self-willed course and was
destroyed in his youth. It appears that he wanted to have the
world and the Lord, too, and that is impossible.
“No man can serve two masters: for either he will hate
the one, and love the other; or else he will hold to the
one, and despise the other. Ye cannot serve God and
mammon” (Matthew 6:24).
Whether Buddy Holly was unsaved or whether he was
backslidden, only the Lord knows. What is certain is that
instead of shining the light of God’s holiness into this fallen,
needy world through the gospel of Jesus Christ, Buddy Holly
used his music and lifestyle to promote moral license and to
help create the debauched rock & roll society. The book Rock
Facts, which is published by the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
and Museum, acknowledges that rock is not just a type of
music, it is a lifestyle. “… rock and roll has truly become a
universal language … rock and roll also refers to an attitude,
a feeling, a style, a way of life…” (Rock Facts, 1996, p. 7).
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Many other secular historians recognize this and
acknowledge Buddy Holly’s ungodly influence.
“… fifties rock was revolutionary. It urged people to do
whatever they wanted to do, even if it meant breaking
the rules. … From Buddy the burgeoning youth culture
received rock’s message of freedom, which presaged the
dawn of a decade of seismic change and liberation. …
Buddy Holly left the United States for the first time in
1958, carrying rock ‘n’ roll—the music as well as its
highly subversive message of freedom—to the world at
large. … laying the groundwork for the social and
political upheavals rock ‘n’ roll was instrumental in
fomenting in the following decade” (Ellis Amburn,
Buddy Holly, pp. 4, 6, 131).
The Buddy Holly hit “Peggy Sue” was about Peggy Sue
Gerron, the girlfriend of Cricket band member Jerry Allison.
The two disobeyed her parents (who were trying to keep
them apart) and eloped in July 1958. The marriage was not
happy and they divorced in the 1960s. Peggy Sue
subsequently married Lynn Rackham but they, too, were
divorced in 1993.
Jan and Dean
Jan and Dean were a top-selling surfer duo in the late
1950s through the mid-60s. They had 13 Top Thirty singles
and sold over 10 million records. High school friends Jan
Berry (b. 1941) and Dean Torrence (b. 1941) played in a band
called the Barons and recorded a hit single called “Jennie
Lee,” about a local stripper. Their Number One hit, “Surf
City,” was recorded in 1963. It was co-written by Brian
Wilson of the Beach Boys. Dean Torrence, in turn, provided
lead vocals on the Beach Boys hit “Barbara Ann.”
In 1966, Jan Berry smashed his Stingray Corvette into a
parked truck at 65 m.p.h. The crash killed the three
passengers and caused permanent brain injury to Berry. It
was seven years before he could remember an entire song,
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and he “is still partially paralyzed and suffers speech
difficulties” (Rolling Stone Encyclopedia, p. 495). After his
recovery, he became addicted to drugs for several years and
contemplated suicide. His gambling habit cost him hundreds
of thousands of dollars. In 1991, he got married onstage in
Las Vegas.
Jerry Lee Lewis
Jerry Lee Lewis (b. 1935) is not only one of the fathers of
rock & roll, but is also one of rock’s many wild men.
His mother was a member of the Pentecostal Assemblies of
God denomination, and like his preacher cousin, Jimmy
Swaggart, Jerry Lee attended AOG churches as he grew up.
Jerry Lee, though, did not repent of his sin, trust Jesus Christ
for salvation, and dedicate his life to the Lord. Instead he
pursued the world and served the flesh and the devil.
Jerry Lee’s father was a moonshiner who had been in
prison for making homemade liquor before Jerry Lee was
born. Though his mother (sometimes accompanied by her
husband) was a frequent churchgoer and is described by her
children as serious about the things of God, the home was
not happy, and the parents fought constantly. Jerry’s mother
began drinking as she got older, and she was known to get
into violent confrontations (Linda Gail Lewis, The Devil, Me,
and Jerry Lee, p. 53). By age 15, Jerry Lee was working at a
juke joint and had acquired a taste for liquor. He quit high
school after bringing home 29 F’s on one report card.
He then enrolled at Southwestern Bible Institute
(Assemblies of God) in Waxahachie, Texas, and even
preached a little, but he was expelled after only three months
when he played a boogie-woogie version of the hymn “My
God Is Real” for a morning assembly. He wasn’t too sad at
being kicked out of Bible school, because he had been
sneaking out of the dorm at night and hitchhiking to Dallas
to visit nightclubs. Now he was free to pursue his real love.
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Years later, Pearry Green, who was president of the student
body when Lewis was kicked out, asked The Killer, “Are you
still playing the devil’s music.” Lewis replied, “Yes, I am. But
you know it is strange, the same music that they kicked me
out of school for is the same kind of music they play in their
churches today. The difference is, I know I am playing for the
devil and they don’t” (JerryLeeLewis.com). One credit that
must be given to Jerry Lee Lewis is that he is not a hypocrite,
claiming to be a Christian on one hand while living for the
flesh on the other (unlike his prostitute-loving cousin, the
Pentecostal preacher Jimmy Swaggart).
Jerry Lee has lived all out for the devil, and he is right
about rock & roll being the devil’s music. It always has been
and always will be, and those who are using it in the service
of a holy God are deceived by their love for sensuality and
often by a carnal desire to get a larger crowd and have a larger
following. Those who stand against CCM have become the
extreme minority over the past three decades, but they are
right. Those who follow the popular path in this apostate age
will be wrong every time.
Jerry Lee was fascinated with the world’s licentious
rhythms. He loved the blues and boogie-woogie even as a
boy. He loved Robert Johnson’s recording of “Hellhound on
my Trail” and other blues records. He listened to Mississippi
bluesmen on Natchez radio station WMIS, to dance band
music on WWL in New Orleans, and to country boogie on
radio programs such as The Louisiana Hayride. He would
sneak down to black honky tonks and listen to the music
coming from the jukebox. “He would linger by the tarshingled juke joints where bad black people drank in the
morning, and he would listen to the music that came from
the nickel machine” (Nick Tosches, Hellfire, p. 46).
The teenage Jerry Lee Lewis became proficient on the
piano and created his own rock & roll style from a
combination of jazzed up Pentecostal music, hillbilly boogie,
and black rhythm & blues. Lewis’s biographer Nick Tosches
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observes that “if you took the words away, there were more
than a few Pentecostal hymns that would not sound foreign
coming from the nickel machine in the wildest juke
joint” (Hellfire, p. 57).
At age 22, Jerry Lee vaulted to fame with his 1957 hit,
“Whole Lotta Shakin’ Going On.” He became immensely
popular with his frenzied rock & roll shows. His skyrocketing
career was cut down, though, when the press learned that he
had married his 13-year-old cousin before he divorced his
second wife. That was in the 1950s, and he did not have any
more hit records until the late 1960s.
Jerry Lee Lewis has been a drug and alcohol abusing,
profane, immoral “party animal,” and, predictably, his life has
been marred by violence, tragedies, and repeated run-ins
with the law.
At last count he had been married seven times. In
February 1952, at age 16 he married a girl named Dorothy, a
preacher’s daughter, but he would not stay home with her,
and she left him in early 1953. That summer he met 17-yearold Jane Mitcham, and she was soon pregnant with his child
out of wedlock. Her irate father and brothers forced him to
marry her, and the marriage was registered on September 10,
1953. The 17-year-old Jerry Lee was a bigamist, because he
was still legally married to Dorothy, the divorce not being
finalized until a month after his second marriage. The boy
that Jane bore was named Jerry Lee, Jr. When a second child
arrived in March 1955 (a boy named Ronny Guy), Jerry Lee
refused to call it his own and left Jane.
In 1957, while still married to Jane, Lewis began an affair
with his 13-year-old cousin Myra Gale. He was still legally
married to Jane, in fact, when he married Myra in December
1957. The divorce was not granted until May 1958. Thus by
age 25, Jerry Lee Lewis was a bigamist twice over. Myra’s
father played bass in Jerry’s band. In February 1959, Myra
bore Lewis a second son, Steve Allen Lewis. In 1962, the
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three-year-old Steve drowned in the family swimming pool.
In August 1963, Myra had a girl named Phoebe Allen Lewis.
Myra filed for divorce in 1970. She testified in court that
their marriage had been a nightmare. Not only had she
caught Jerry Lee cheating on her, but he also cuffed her
around, and in 13 years of marriage had spent only three
evenings alone with her. He had accused her of adultery, beat
her, and even implied that their son’s drowning death was a
punishment for her sins. That year Jerry Lee tried religion
briefly, went back to church, and vowed to stop playing in
nightclubs; but his newfound spirituality didn’t last. Myra’s
divorce was granted in May 1971. That October, he married
his fourth wife, a 29-year-old Memphis woman named Jaren
Elizabeth Gunn Pate. They separated after only two weeks
and spent more time apart than together during their stormy
marriage. They had a daughter only six months after their
wedding. Jaren filed for divorce at least three times, charging
Jerry Lee with “cruel and inhuman treatment, adultery,
habitual drunkenness, and habitual use of drugs.” Shortly
before the divorce settlement in 1982, she drowned in a
swimming pool under mysterious circumstances. Jerry’s
sister Linda Gail says she took an overdose of drugs.
In 1973, Jerry Lee’s first son, Jerry Lee, Jr., was killed in an
automobile crash while driving the jeep his father had given
him for his 19th birthday. Jerry Lee, Jr. had spent part of that
year in a psychiatric institution possibly because of the effects
of marijuana usage. He even thought he was his father and
walked around saying, “I’m the Killer! I’m the great Jerry Lee
Lewis.” (A few weeks before his death, Jerry Lee, Jr., made a
profession of faith in Christ at a revival meeting.)
Charlie “Red Man” Freeman, the guitarist for Jerry Lee
Lewis, died at age 31. Lewis’s drummer, Robert “Tarp”
Tarrant, had a nervous breakdown when he was only 22
because of his heavy drinking and drug abuse.
In 1973, Lewis jabbed the editor of Country Music
magazine in the neck with a broken bottle when he took
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offense at one of the interviewer’s questions (Country: The
Twisted Roots of Rock, p. 85). In 1974, he smashed a fan in the
face with a whiskey bottle and “cut the guy’s face all to
pieces.” In 1975, Jerry Lee shot 25 holes through his office
door with a .45 semi-automatic handgun.
Jerry Lee was particularly out of control in 1976. In
September, he shot his bass player, Norman Owens, in the
chest with a .357 magnum handgun in a drunken fit of anger.
Owens survived, and Lewis lamely said it was an accident. A
week later Lewis was arrested at his home for disorderly
conduct. He had been shouting obscenities at his neighbors.
In November 1976, he drove to the gate of Elvis Presley’s
Graceland, brandished a .38-caliber derringer, and drunkenly
told the security guard he was there to kill Elvis. Twenty-four
hours earlier Lewis had overturned his $46,000 Rolls-Royce
and was charged with reckless driving, driving while
intoxicated, and driving without a license. In 1979, Lewis got
into a fight onstage with a fan in Australia and suffered
fractured ribs. The tour was cancelled. Also in 1979 the IRS
confiscated his expensive cars for nonpayment of taxes.
The 1980s brought more of the same. In 1981, Lewis
almost died when he had to be rushed to the hospital for
massive stomach surgery. In 1983, about a year after his
fourth wife drowned in the swimming pool, Jerry Lee
married his fifth wife, 25-year-old Shawn Michelle Stephens.
Less than three months after the wedding she was found dead
in their home. After a superficial investigation, the death was
ruled a suicide by overdose of methadone pills and Lewis was
not charged with foul play, though Shawn Michelle was found
lying in their bed in a bruised condition with blood on her
body and under her fingernails. There was also “the
permeation of fresh, small bloodstains around Lewis’
Mississippi home.” A few months later, the 49-year-old Jerry
Lee married his sixth wife, 22-year-old Kerrie Lynn
McCarver. She filed for divorce in 1986, but they were
reconciled the next year and she gave birth to Jerry Lee Lewis
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III. In 1988, Lewis filed bankruptcy, listing more than $3
million in debts.
Lewis has abused drugs and alcohol like a wild man and
has undergone treatment for addiction to painkillers. He
claims to have spent $500,000 on the drug Demerol. In the
early 1960s Lewis and his band were arrested at a motel in
Texas and charged with possession of seven hundred
amphetamine capsules. In March 1976, federal narcotics
agents confiscated “a substantial amount of drugs” from Jerry
Lee’s private plane. In 1979, he was busted again by federal
agents for possession of cocaine and marijuana.
Lewis was possibly the first rock & roller to light his
musical instrument on fire. He did this at a 1958 Alan Freed
rock concert. “They still talk of that show, how Jerry Lee had
the crowd screaming and rushing the stage, how he took a
Coke bottle of petrol from his jacket pocket and doused his
piano with one hand as the other hand banged out ‘Whole
Lot of Shakin’ Going On,’ how he set the piano aflame, his
hands still riding the keys like a madman as the kids went
finely and wholly berserk with the frenzy of it...” (Country:
Twisted Roots of Rock, p. 82).
Jerry Lee Lewis is what the Bible calls a “double minded
man” (James 1:8; 4:8). He is frequently remorseful about his
wicked lifestyle, but he does not repent and turn from it. His
sister Linda Gail testifies: “Jerry Lee would go through
periods of depression and then back to his religious roots.
Many times, he’d go home to the church in Ferriday, confess
his sins to the world, repent and start all over again by the
end of the week—drinking, running around and all the other
activities associated with his sinful life on the road” (The
Devil, Me, and Jerry Lee, p. 73).
Lewis has often admitted that rock & roll is “the devil’s
music.” When he was recording one of his lewd songs at Sun
Records in Memphis in 1957, the 20-year-old Lewis argued
with Sun Records’ owner Sam Phillips about whether or not
rock & roll was wholesome. The discussion was recorded. As
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the session began, Lewis protested that rock is “worldly
music” and that God requires separation from the world.
Phillips argued with him that rock & roll is arousing good
feelings and is therefore a good thing. In fact, Phillips said
that rock could even save people. Lewis vehemently replied:
“How can the devil save souls? What are you talkin’ about? I
have the devil in me. If I didn’t, I’d be a Christian” (Hungry for
Heaven, p. 24). In 1970, Lewis told Rolling Stone magazine: “I
was raised a good Christian, but I couldn’t make it. Too weak
I guess.” In 1980, he told People magazine: “Salvation bears
down on me. I don’t wanna die and go to hell. But I don’t
think I’m heading in the right direction. ... I’m lost and
undone, without God or son. I should’ve been a Christian,
but I was too weak for the gospel. I’m a rock ‘n’ roll cat. We all
have to answer to God on Judgment Day.” In a 1982 interview
with rock researcher Steve Turner, Lewis said: “How do you
see ‘A Whole Lotta Shakin’ and ‘Great Balls of Fire’ done in
church? Can you picture Jesus Christ singin’ it? [He then said
that he, Lewis, couldn’t picture it.] Everything Jesus preached
was against it. It’s the devil’s excitement [at a rock concert]
and God’s excitement [in the church]. It’s just which one you
want. You can’t go back and forth” (Hungry for Heaven, p. 26).
When asked what power falls on him when he performs,
Lewis replied: “The power of voodoo.”
Jerry Lee Lewis has enough spiritual discernment to know
what he is doing. We believe he spoke the truth when he said,
“I’m draggin’ the audience to hell with me” (cited by Nick
Tosches, Hellfire, p. x).
Jerry Lee Lewis was, appropriately enough, one of the first
persons inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame.
In 2007, the Hall of Fame honored “The Life and Music of
Jerry Lee Lewis” with six days of conferences, interviews, a
DVD premiere and film clips.
In 2008, Lewis returned to tour the United Kingdom,
nearly 50 years after his first tour was cancelled becausse of
his marriage to his 13-year-old cousin.
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In 2004, Lewis divorced his sixth wife, Kerrie McCarver,
and in March 2012 he married for the seventh time at age 76.
The 62-year-old bride, Judith Ann Coghlan, was formerly
married to Lewis’s cousin Rusty Brown, who is the younger
brother of Lewis’ third wife Myra.
Little Richard
Richard Wayne Penniman (b. 1935), better known by his
rock & roll name Little Richard, was among the first ten
inductees into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1986, and
“every major figure of any prominence in the realm of rock &
roll credits Little Richard as their main
inspiration” (Heartbeat of the Dragon, p. 27).
“A list of those who desired to walk in his flamboyant
footsteps reads like a list of Who’s Who in the history of rock
& roll. These include Elvis Presley, Mick Jagger, John Lennon,
Paul McCartney, Elton John, Jimi Hendrix, David Bowie,
Sam Cooke, Bo Diddley, Janis Joplin, Screaming Lord Sutch,
Gene Vincent, Buddy Holly, Chuck Berry, James Brown,
Smokey Robinson, Pat Boone, and Otis Redding.”
“There would have been no Deep Purple if there had been
no Little Richard” (Jon Lord of Deep Purple).
“When I was in high school I wanted to be like Little
Richard” (Paul Simon of Simon and Garfunkel).
“Little Richard was the God. I grew up on Little Richard in
the rockin’ fifties” (Marty Balin of the Jefferson Airplane).
“If it hadn’t been for Little Richard I would not be here. I
entered the music business because of Richard—he is my
inspiration” (Otis Redding).
“Elvis was bigger than religion in my life. Then this boy at
school said he’d got this record by somebody called Little
Richard who was better than Elvis—I didn’t want to leave
Elvis, but this was so much better” (John Lennon).
“Little Richard is the beginning of rock & roll” (Smokey
Robinson).
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“Chuck Berry is my favorite, along with Bo, but nobody
could beat Little Richard’s stage act. Little Richard is the
originator and my first idol” (Mick Jagger).
Little Richard grew up in a Seventh-day Adventist family,
but he mostly attended the New Hope Baptist Church in
Macon, Georgia (Turner, Hungry for Heaven, p. 19). He also
attended a Holiness church. He learned to play the piano and
tried to sing gospel music, but he was rejected from some
churches for screaming the hymns.
When he was 13, his father (who sold bootleg whiskey)
kicked him out of the house because of his bi-sexuality and
rebellion. He moved in with a family who ran the Tick Tock
Club, where he began performing. By 1950, Little Richard
was a homosexual “drag queen,” wearing dresses and makeup. He was arrested at least twice for lewd conduct. In 1952,
his father was shot dead outside his juke joint, the Tip In Inn.
In 1955, Little Richard had his first big hit, “Tutti Frutti.”
The words were so filthy they had to be rewritten. Though
preachers who denounced him were labeled racists, Little
Richard’s problem was not his race, but his morals. He
promoted immorality and rebellion through his music. His
songs were lascivious and his lifestyle was even worse.
Little Richard’s drummer in the early days recalled: “We
were the first band on the road to wear pancake makeup and
eye shadow, have an earring hanging out of our ear and have
our hair curled in the process.” Little Richard called himself
the “King and Queen of Rock and Roll.”
His concerts promoted a frenzy among the young people
who attended. One of Richard’s band members testified that
“thousands of women took off their panties and threw them
at us.” Mick Jagger of the Rolling Stones describes a Little
Richard concert in these words: “He drove the whole house
into a complete frenzy. There’s no single phrase to describe
his hold on the audience. It might excite some and terrify
others. It’s hypnotic” (The Life and Times of Little Richard, p.
119). Many concerts had to be stopped because of the
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violence. At Brighton, England, “Little Richard whipped the
audience into such a frenzy that the hall management warned
that the show would be stopped.” Richard’s biographer notes
that the “wild freedom” of his music “changed the lives of
hundreds of thousands of young people” (White, The Life and
Times of Little Richard, p. 81).
His biographer says, further, that Little Richard “freed
people from their inhibitions, unleashing their spirit,
enabling them to do exactly what they felt like doing” (White,
p. 66). There is no doubt that this is true, but the “wild
freedom” of rock & roll is not the freedom promised in Jesus
Christ. Giving freedom to the sinful flesh is not freedom at
all. “Know ye not, that to whom ye yield yourselves servants
to obey, his servants ye are to whom ye obey; whether of sin
unto death, or of obedience unto righteousness?” (Romans
6:16).
Little Richard’s famous 1956 hit “Rip It Up,” summarizes
the foolish rock & roll philosophy:
“Well, it’s Saturday night and I just got paid/ Fool about
my money, don’t try to save/ My heart says, go go, have a
time/ ‘Cause it’s Saturday night, and I feel fine/ I’m
gonna rip it up!/ I’m gonna rock it up!/ I’m gonna shake
it up/ . . . Along about ten/ I’ll be flyin’ high/ Walk on
out into the sky/ But I don’t care if I spend my dough/
‘Cause tonight I’m gonna be one happy soul/ I’m gonna
rip it up!…”
Little Richard became heavily addicted to drugs such as
cocaine and heroin. He also became an alcoholic.
“I became very nasty, which I never used to be. Cocaine
made me paranoid. It made me think evil ... When I got
real high I couldn’t sleep. ... I spent my time locked up in
a hotel room. ... The drugs brought me to realize what
homosexuality had made me. When I felt that, I wanted
to hurt. I wanted to kill. ... They were scared of me cos
my homosexuality was so heavy they could see it in my
eyes...” (The Life and Times of Little Richard, p. 189).
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Little Richard continues to dress somewhat in a feminine
fashion and use women’s makeup, though he is married and
is the father of children. In his 1984 authorized biography,
The Life and Times of Little Richard by Charles White, Little
Richard was quoted as saying: “Homosexuality is contagious.
It’s not something you’re born with.”
Little Richard is a classic case of double mindedness (James
1:5-8; 4:7-9). He has been in and out of rock as well as in and
out of religion. In 1957, he quit his successful rock career,
claiming he had been warned of his own damnation in a
vision. He took Voice of Prophecy courses (Seventh-day
Adventist), attended Oakwood College in Huntsville,
Alabama, and was ordained a minister in the Church of God
of the Ten Commandments. He stated that rock music is of
the devil and that it is not possible to be a rocker and to
please God at the same time. In 1959, he married a Christian
girl named Ernestine. In 1964, he returned to recording and
performing rock music, as well as to his sex orgies and drug
abuse. After he was arrested for homosexual lewdness in a
bus station bathroom, Ernestine divorced him for “inciting
extreme cruelty by the infliction of grievous mental
suffering.”
By the mid-1970s Little Richard was addicted to a wide
variety of illegal drugs and had a thousand dollar a day habit.
In the late 1970s he again renounced rock, drugs, and
homosexuality, and once more began preaching and singing
gospel music, this time for the Universal Remnant Church of
God. He traveled and preached to hundreds of thousands of
people. For a while he represented Memorial Bibles
International and sold the Black Heritage Bible. In his
sermons in the late ’70s and early ’80s, Little Richard
proclaimed that it is not possible to perform rock and to
serve God at the same time. He said, “I like Pat Boone as a
friend, but he’s trying to serve two masters. … Pat believes he
can go to Las Vegas and do his thing, then preach on Sunday.
I don’t believe we can do that. God has not called us to do
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that. I can never see myself going back to Rock ‘n’ Roll” (The
Life and Times of Little Richard, p. 202).
In 1984, though, Little Richard launched another
comeback in the rock world and ever since he has attempted
to reconcile his role as a rock and roll star and his role as a
preacher. In January 1993, he and Chuck Berry performed at
President Bill Clinton’s private inauguration party.
Little Richard has testified that rock music is demonic:
“My true belief about Rock ‘n’ Roll—and there have
been a lot of phrases attributed to me over the years—is
this: I believe this kind of music is demonic. ... A lot of
the beats in music today are taken from voodoo, from
the voodoo drums. If you study music in rhythms, like I
have, you’ll see that is true. I believe that kind of music
is driving people from Christ. It is contagious” (Little
Richard, The Life and Times of Little Richard, p. 197).
“I was directed and commanded by another power. The
power of darkness ... The power that a lot of people don’t
believe exists. The power of the Devil. Satan” (Little
Richard, The Life and Times of Little Richard, pp.
205,206).
Little Richard’s theology is a homogenous mixture of Bible,
Seventh-day Adventism, even New Age. In his preaching
during the late 1970s and 1980s, he proclaimed salvation
through the blood of Jesus Christ, but he also preached that
the Christian must keep the Ten Commandments, including
the Sabbath (The Life and Times of Little Richard, p. 199). He
praised Seventh-day Adventist preachers such as H.M.S.
Richards and George Vandeman (Ibid., p. 202). He noted that
Ellen G. White’s book The Great Controversy, which his
mother owned, had an influence on him (Ibid., p. 91). In
1985, he summarized his views: “I can’t go to a Bible study.
Most of my inspiration comes directly from God’s Spirit. ...
There are good people in all churches. Some Buddhists really
love God. Some Jehovah’s Witnesses, too. It doesn’t matter
what church you belong to! Only God can read a man’s
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heart” (Contemporary Christian Music Magazine, Feb. 1985,
p. 2).
Frankie Lymon
Frankie Lymon and the Teenagers had the 1956 No. 1 hit,
“Why Do Fools Fall in Love?” Lymon was only 13 years old.
The song sold two million copies, and Lymon suddenly
became a rich teenager and pursued a debauched lifestyle,
using heroin and sleeping with older women. None of his
other songs were successful, and within three years Lymon’s
music career was over. He went through a drug rehabilitation
program in 1961, but in 1964 he was convicted on a heroin
charge. In January 1967, he claimed in an interview with
Ebony magazine that he was “born again,” but his conversion
was short lived. In February 1968, at age 25, Lymon
overdosed on heroin in the bathroom of his grandmother’s
apartment.
Roy Orbison
Roy Orbison (1936-1988) was raised in Wink, Texas. His
mother was a former nurse and his father was an auto
mechanic. They attended a Church of Christ congregation.
Orbison testified of the conflict that he faced: “They were
against dancing at my church, and I was trying to play at
dances. I wasn’t old enough to figure out anything for myself.
So I just didn’t go to church. I didn’t want to attend and feel
uncomfortable. I went and played the dances” (Hungry for
Heaven, p. 22).
Orbison became a popular rockabilly/country/pop singer.
During high school, he formed a country-pop group called
the Wink Westerners. In college, he was influenced by his
friend Pat Boone to experiment with rock; he then formed
the rockabilly Teen Kings. He signed with Sun Records and
had a hit in 1956 titled “Ooby Dooby.” By 1960, he had
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moved to Nashville and began producing hits with
Monument Records, beginning with “Only the Lonely.”
Though Orbison was one of the few rockers who did not
drink or abuse drugs, his life was hounded by tragedy. His
wife, Claudette, had a relationship with another man and
sued for divorce in 1965. Not long after their divorce was
finalized Roy broke his ankle in a motorcycle accident in
Britain and Claudette returned to his side. They were
reconciled and remarried, but Claudette was killed a short
time later in a motorcycle crash. A couple of years after
Claudette’s death, two of Orbison’s three sons died in a tragic
fire which destroyed his home.
In the 1970s, Orbison went back to church, at first to a
Church of Christ congregation, then to a Baptist church that
was also attended by other famous country singers, including
Johnny Cash, Kris Kristofferson, and Skeeter Davis (Alan
Clayson, Only the Lonely, pp. 194, 195). When asked by the
media about his religious faith, his testimony was as follows:
“I don’t have a pure statement but I believe in Jesus Christ
and try to live by the rules of morality and conduct and a
certain faithfulness in all things. That helps a great deal—so
does common sense. It’s very important to me. Your mind is
created by a higher power and common sense will often tell
you what to do.”
He said nothing about being born again through faith in
Christ’s cross or holding the Bible to be the supreme
authority in his life. It is well and good to “believe in Jesus
Christ,” and I hope that Roy Orbison was truly saved; but the
Bible warns that there are false christs and false gospels (Mat.
24:3-4, 11; 2 Cor. 11:3-4), so a Christian’s testimony must be
much plainer than the one given by Orbison. The Churches
of Christ teach a false gospel of faith mixed with works.
In 1979, the 43-year-old singer underwent open-heart
surgery. He died of a heart attack in December 1988 at age 52.
He had been a pack-a-day smoker for many decades.
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Carl Perkins
Carl Perkins (1932-1998), of “Blues Suede Shoes” fame,
was one of the rockers recorded by Sam Phillips of Sun
Records in Memphis. Carl started playing in a band in the
early 1950s with his brothers James “Jay B.” Buck (1930-1958)
and Lloyd Clayton (1935-1974). The Perkins boys’ mother,
Louise, was a Christian who attended church and read the
Bible to them, but their father, Buck, was a drinking man who
frequented vile honky tonks on the weekends. Buck “became
‘aggravatin’, as Louise put it, when he started drinking. This
mood expressed itself in loud, argumentative discourse and
cursing jags” (Carl Perkins, Go, Cat, Go, p. 18). Sadly, the
boys followed in their father’s footsteps. In their teenage
years, they began to play in honky tonks and to drink and
carouse.
Carl Perkins’ 1956 hit “Blue Suede Shoes” is one of the
most famous of the early rock songs. That same year, though,
tragedy struck and his skyrocketing career was never the
same. On the way to appear on the Perry Como television
program in New York City, the driver of their car fell asleep
and hit the back of a truck. The car plunged into water. The
driver of Perkin’s car was killed, as was the driver of the truck,
a 44-year-old farmer. Jay Perkins broke his neck and never
fully recovered; he died two years later of a brain tumor at age
28. Mean-spirited Clayton later committed suicide in 1974 at
age 39 with a 22 caliber pistol. He had become basically a
drunkard and a hobo before he died.
Carl turned heavily to liquor and became a drunkard for a
number of years, and though he recorded some minor
rockabilly hits and continued to perform and record into the
1990s, he never regained the star success of 1956.
In 1963, he severely injured his hand in the blades of a
rotary fan. A year or so later his left foot was nearly severed
by a blast from a shotgun in a hunting accident. In the early
1990s, after many years of drinking and smoking, Perkins
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was diagnosed with throat cancer and underwent surgery
and radiation.
Carl Perkins turned to religion and spirituality during the
last part of his life, but it was not the true Christian faith
described in the New Testament Scriptures. Like that of Elvis
Presley, Roy Orbison, Johnny Cash, and many other rockers,
Perkins’ faith was an eclectic one composed of various
elements borrowed from New Age, pop psychology, positive
thinking, the Bible, etc. He believed in a vague religious and
humanistic “love,” but not the biblical love of God that is
manifested in the atonement of Jesus Christ and that results
in the new birth and obedience to God’s commands (1 John
3:16; 5:3). For help with his alcohol addiction, Perkins turned
to Norman Vincent Peale’s The Power of Positive Thinking
(Go, Cat, Go, p. 303). During his cancer therapy, Perkins
received metaphysical books such as Releasing the Ability of
God from country singer Naomi Judd (Ibid., p. 377).
Carl Perkins never repented of his rock and roll. In a 1990s
interview with his biographer, David McGee, Perkins said:
“Some of the preachers around the South and the disc
jockeys breaking our records were saying, ‘This music’s
got to go,’ or ‘It was sent here by the Devil.’ I was hurtin’
because I knew it wasn’t. I say it makes people happy,
brings back memories, plants a thought. I knew in my
soul there was nothing wrong with kids getting out on a
floor, dancing, and getting their frustrations out through
the beat” (Go, Cat, Go, p. 392).
In this defense of rock & roll, Perkins glossed over its
licentiousness and rebellion against God’s commands. He
knows as well as anyone that the dancing that goes on in rock
joints is not godly. His own autobiography describes the
moral wickedness surrounding 1950s rock dances (which are
almost innocent compared to those today). The thoughts of
the rock musicians and the thoughts of the dancers are
focused on the things of the world, the flesh, and the devil,
which are condemned by God’s Word (1 John 2:15-17).
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Perkins was right in observing that rock music “plants a
thought,” but what type? The thoughts planted by rock & roll
are those of sensuality, moral license, rebellion against
authority, and other things that are contrary to the will of a
holy God.
The rock & roll lifestyle almost destroyed Carl Perkins and
his marriage many times through the years. It did destroy his
brother, Clayton, and it has destroyed thousands of other
rockers.
Carl Perkins died of a fatal stroke in January 1998 at age
65.
Thomas Wayne Perkins
Thomas Wayne Perkins (1940-1971), who recorded on
Scotty Moore’s (a member of Elvis Presley’s original band)
Fernwood label, died in August 1971 at age 31. He
purposefully drove his automobile across four lanes of traffic,
over a median, and slammed into an oncoming car. There is
evidence that he committed suicide.
“His behavior had grown more and more erratic over
the years,” and he had a long-running dispute with his
ex-wife. Before he died he confessed to a friend that he
had attempted suicide at least once before when he
parked his car across both lanes of an interstate highway
at night and turned off his lights. The first person on the
scene was a highway patrolman who arrested him and
ordered a psychiatric evaluation (Scotty Moore, That’s
Alright, Elvis, p. 219).
Perkins’ 1959 million-seller hit was titled “Tragedy.”
Dewey Phillips
Like Alan Freed, Dewey Phillips exercised a powerful
influence in the early days of rock & roll through his duties as
a disc jockey. Phillips moved to Memphis, Tennessee, in 1942
and developed a taste for the blues by sneaking down to the
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immoral establishments on the infamous Beale Street. In
1950, he pioneered a three-hour program on radio WHBQ
called Red Hot & Blue. Its combination of “funky rhythm &
blues” and “Daddy-O-Dewey’s” wild banter was a huge
success. “Dewey Phillips played as important a part as
anybody in the history of the record and music industry
toward the acceptance of black music crossing the barrier of
the races” (Larry Nager, Memphis Beat, p. 129).
Large numbers of Memphis high school students, such as
young Elvis Presley, were fascinated by Red Hot & Blue and
religiously tuned in from nine to midnight. On July 7, 1954,
Phillips became the first disc jockey to play an Elvis Presley
record on the air. It was “That’s All Right Mama” and the flip
side, “Blue Moon of Kentucky.” Sam Phillips of Sun Records,
who had recorded Elvis, had asked Phillips to air it. He
played it repeatedly. The next night Phillips interviewed Elvis
on the air. Phillips went on to host his own afternoon
television show, Pop Shop.
Phillips lived the rock & roll lifestyle, and it destroyed him.
He had several car wrecks in the 1950s because of his heavy
drinking. He also became addicted to painkillers. His wife
separated from him, and he became “virtually homeless.” He
had to be bailed out of jail frequently. Phillips moved back
home with his mother, and in September 1968, he died of
heart failure at age 42.
Elvis Presley
Elvis Presley (1935-1977) is called the “King of Rock &
Roll.” Alice Cooper said, “There will never be anybody cooler
than Elvis Presley” (“100 Greatest Artists of Rock & Roll,”
VH1). Presley produced 94 gold singles, 43 gold albums; and
his movies grossed over $180 million. Further millions were
made through the sale of merchandise. In 1956 alone, he
earned over $50 million.
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Elvis is the object of one of “the biggest personality cults in
modern history.” An estimated one million people visited his
gravesite at Forest Hill cemetery during the first few weeks
after he died, before it was moved to the grounds of
Graceland. More than twenty years after his death, 700,000
each year stream through his Graceland mansion in
Memphis, Tennessee; and the annual vigil held to
commemorate his death is attended by thousands of
dedicated fans, many of whom weep openly during the
occasion. Elvis Presley Enterprises takes in more than $100
million per year. When the U.S. Post Office issued a stamp of
Elvis Presley and sold Elvis paraphernalia in 1994, sales
exceeded $50 million. There are 500 Elvis fan clubs active
around the world, and Elvis impersonators are popular.
More than any other one rock artist or group, Elvis
symbolizes the birth of rock & roll. Countless other rock
stars, including the Beatles, trace their inspiration to Elvis.
The King of Rock & Roll changed an entire generation.
Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist David Halberstam
observed: “In cultural terms, [Elvis’s] coming was nothing
less than the start of a revolution” (Halberstam, The Fifties).
When Elvis appeared on the Milton Berle Show in April
1956, he was watched by more than 40 million viewers, one
out of every four Americans. Soon, Life magazine published
photos of teenage boys lined up at barbershops for ducktail
haircuts so they could look like their rock king. Elvis’s
biographer Peter Harry Brown correctly noted that to the
girls of that day, “Elvis Presley didn’t just represent a new type
of music; he represented sexual liberation” (Down at the End
of Lonely Street, p. 55).
Elvis Presley stood for everything rock & roll stands for:
sexual license, rebellion against authority, self-fulfillment, “if
it feels good, do it and don’t worry about tomorrow,” moral
debauchery glossed over with a thin veneer of shallow,
humanistic spirituality and Christianity.
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The rock & roll philosophy created Elvis Presley, and it
killed Elvis Presley.
Elvis grew up in a superficially religious family,
sporadically attending First Assembly of God Church in East
Tupelo, Mississippi, then First Assembly of God in Memphis.
His father and mother were not committed church members,
and though Elvis attended church frequently with his mother
during his childhood, he never made a profession of faith or
joined the church. The pastor in Memphis, James E. Haffmill,
says Elvis did not sing in church or participate in a church
group (Steve Turner, Hungry for Heaven, p. 20).
By his high school years, Elvis largely stopped attending
church. Elvis’s father, Vernon, and mother, Gladys, met at the
First Assembly of God in Tupelo, but they eloped a few
months later. Gladys was 21 and Vernon was 17. Vernon was
“a weakling, a malingerer, always averse to work and
responsibility” (Goldman, Elvis: The Last 24 Hours, p. 16).
Vernon went to prison for check forgery when Elvis was a
child. In 1948 he was kicked out of his hometown in
Mississippi for moonshining, and the Presley family moved
to Memphis. Soon after the death of Elvis’s mom, Vernon
began dating the wife of a soldier in Germany, and after she
divorced her husband, they married. Later Vernon’s second
wife left him because of his adultery with another woman.
Elvis’s mother was “a surreptitious drinker and alcoholic.”
When she was angry, “she cussed like a sailor” (Priscilla
Presley, Elvis and Me, p. 172). She was “a woman susceptible
to the full spectrum of backwoods superstitions, prone to
prophetic dreams and mystical intuitions” (Stairway to
Heaven, p. 46). Gladys was only 46 when she died from
alcohol-related problems.
Elvis had a twin brother, Jesse, who died at birth, and both
he and his mother were accustomed to praying to this dead
boy. They talked to him about their problems and asked him
for guidance. Elvis told his cousin, Earl, that he talked to Jesse
every day, and that sometimes Jesse answered him (Earl
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Greenwood, The Boy Who Would Be King, pp. 30, 32). When
they moved to Memphis, Elvis told his cousin Earl that
“Jesse’s hand was guidin’ us” (Greenwood, p. 78).
Elvis was a mamma’s boy to the extreme, and to her death,
she was jealous of any other woman in his life. She and Elvis
“formed a team that usually excluded the father.” His mother
“wanted to be everything to Elvis and wanted more from him
than what was right or healthy to expect” (Greenwood, p.
116).
Elvis was a rebel. Even as a 13-year-old, when the other
boys wore crewcuts, Elvis “boasted long, flowing blonde hair
that fell almost to his shoulders” (The Boy Who Would Be
King, p. 70). (Later he died his hair black.) Though he wanted
to play football in high school, he refused to cut his hair in
order to try out for the team. He cursed and blasphemed God
behind his mother’s back, told dirty stories, and ran around
to places he knew he should not visit. By the time he
graduated from high school, he was spending much of his
time in honky tonks and was living in immorality. This is the
boy who soon became the King of Rock & Roll.
HOW ELVIS BECAME A ROCK STAR. There is a saying,
“The blues had a baby and named it rock & roll.” Elvis Presley
was an important figure in the birth of that baby. Elvis “spent
much of his spare time hanging around the black section of
town, especially on Beale Street, where bluesmen like Furry
Lewis and B.B. King performed” (Rolling Stone Encyclopedia
of Rock, p. 783). Beale Street was infamous for its prostitutes
and drinking/gambling establishments. Music producer Jim
Dickinson called it “the center of all evil in the known
universe” (James Dickerson, Goin’ Back to Memphis, p. 27).
Elvis’s cousin Earl, who palled around with Elvis for many
years before and after his success, said that he “adopted Beale
Street as his own, even though he was one of the few white
people to hang out there regularly” (The Boy Who Would Be
King, p. 121). B.B. King said: “I knew Elvis before he was
popular. He used to come around and be around us a lot.
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There was a place we used to go and hang out on Beale
Street” (King, A Time to Rock, p. 35). Well-known bluesman
Calvin Newborn (brother of Phineas Newborn, Jr.) said that
Elvis often stopped by such local nightspots as the Flamingo
Room on Beale Street or the Plantation Inn in West Memphis
to hear blues bands. Elvis listened to radio WDIA, “a flagship
blues station of the South that featured such flamboyant black
disk jockeys as Rufus Thomas and B.B. King” (Rock Lives, p.
38). Elvis also listened to radio station WHBQ’s nine-tomidnight Red Hot & Blue program hosted by Dewey Mills
Phillips.
It was Phillips, in July 1954, who became the first disc
jockey to play an Elvis Presley record on the air. Elvis’s first
guitarist, Scotty Moore, learned many of his guitar licks from
an old black blues player who worked with him before he
teamed up with Elvis (Scotty Moore, That’s Alright, Elvis, p.
57).
Sam Phillips, owner of Sun Records, was looking for “a
white man with a Negro sound and the Negro feel,” because
he believed the black blues and boogie-woogie music could
become tremendously popular among white people if
presented in the right way. Phillips had said, “If I could find a
white man who had the Negro sound and the Negro feel, I
could make a billion dollars.” Phillips also said he was
looking for “something ugly” (James Miller, Flowers in the
Dustbin, p. 71). That’s a pretty good description, morally and
spiritually, of rock & roll. Sam Phillips found his man in
Elvis, and in 1954, he roared to popularity with “That’s All
Right, Mama,” a song written by black bluesman Arthur “Big
Boy” Crudup. The flip side of that hit single was “Blue Moon
of Kentucky,” which was a country song that Elvis hopped up
and gave “a bluesy spin.” Their first No. 1 hit single, “Mystery
Train,” was also an old blues number. Six of the 15 songs Elvis
recorded for Sun Records (before going over to RCA Victor a
year later) were from black bluesmen.
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By 1956, Presley was a national rock star and teenage idol,
and his music and image had a tremendously unwholesome
effect upon young people. Parents, pastors, and teachers
condemned Elvis’s sensual music and suggestive dancing and
warned of the evil influence he was exercising among young
people. They were right, but the onslaught of rock & roll was
unstoppable. When asked about his sensual stage gyrations,
he replied: “It’s the beat that gets you. If you like it and you
feel it, you can’t help but move to it. That’s what happens to
me. I can’t help it” (Turner, Hungry for Heaven, p. 21).
Describing what happened to him during rock performances,
Elvis said: “It’s like a surge of electricity going through you.
It’s almost like making love, but it’s even stronger than
that” (Elvis, cited by James Miller, Flowers in the Dustbin, p.
83).
Elvis correctly described the licentious power of the rock &
roll beat.
Between March 1958 and March 1960, Elvis served in the
army, then resumed his music and movie career where he had
left off. He had many top ten hits in the first half of the 1960s.
ELVIS’S ABIDING LOVE FOR SOUTHERN GOSPEL NOT
EVIDENCE OF SALVATION. Elvis performed and recorded
many gospel songs. In the early 1950s he attended all-night
gospel quartet concerts at the First Assembly of God and Ellis
Auditorium in Memphis and befriended such famous groups
as the Blackwood Brothers and the Statesmen. When he was
18, Elvis auditioned for a place in the Songfellows Quartet,
but the position was given to James Blackwood’s nephew
Cecil. Later, as his rock & roll career was prospering, Elvis
was offered a place with the Blackwood Brothers, but he
turned it down. Even after he became famous, Elvis
continued attending Southern gospel sings and the National
Quartet Convention. In the early years of his rock & roll
career, he sang some with the Blackwood Brothers and the
Statesmen at all-night sings at Ellis Auditorium in Memphis
(Taylor, Happy Rhythms, p. 117). Elvis told pop singer Johnny
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Rivers that he patterned his singing style after Jake Hess of
the Statesmen Quartet (Happy Rhythm, p. 49). The
Jordanaires performed as background singers on Elvis Presley
records and as session singers for many other raunchy rock
and country recordings. Members of the Speer Family (Ben
and Brock) also sang on Elvis recordings, including “I’ve Got
a Woman” and “Heartbreak Hotel.” The Jordanaires provided
vocals for Elvis’s 1956 mega hit “Hound Dog.” The
Jordanaires toured with Eddy Arnold as well as with Elvis.
They also performed on some of Elvis’s indecent movies. J.D.
Sumner and the Stamps toured with Elvis from 1969 until his
death in 1977, performing backup for the King of Rock &
Roll in sin-holes such as Las Vegas nightclubs. Ed Hill, one of
the singers with the Stamps, was Elvis’s announcer for two
years. It was Hill who concluded the Elvis concerts with:
“Ladies and gentlemen, Elvis has left the building. Goodbye,
and God bless you.” (During the years in which Sumner and
the Stamps were backing Elvis Presley at Las Vegas and
elsewhere, Sumner’s nephew, Donnie, who sang in the group,
became a drug addict and was lured into the licentious pop
music field.) Sumner helped arrange Elvis’s funeral, and the
Stamps, the Statesmen, and James Blackwood provided the
music. After Elvis’s death, J.D. Sumner and the Stamps
performed rock concerts in tribute to Elvis Presley.
Elvis’s love for gospel music is not evidence that he was
born again. His on-again, off-again profession of faith in
Christ also was not evidence that he was saved. Three
independent Baptist preachers have testified that Elvis told
them that he had trusted Jesus as his Savior in his younger
years but was backslidden. There was no biblical evidence for
that, though. We must remember that Elvis grew up around
churches and understood all of the terminology. There was
never a time, though, when Elvis’s life changed. Empty
professions of faith do not constitute biblical salvation.
“Therefore if any man be in Christ, he is a new creature: old
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things are passed away; behold, all things are become new” (2
Cor. 5:17).
Elvis liked gospel music but he did not like Bible
preaching. He refused to allow anyone, including God, to tell
him how to live his life. That is evidence of an unregenerate
heart.
We agree with the following sad, but honest, assessment of
Elvis’s life:
“Elvis Presley never stood for anything. He made no
sacrifices, fought no battles, suffered no martyrdom,
never raised a finger to struggle on behalf of what he
believed or claimed to believe. Even gospel, the music he
cherished above all, he travestied and commercialized
and soft-soaped to the point where it became
nauseating. ... Essentially, Elvis was a phony. ... He
feigned piety, but his spirituals sound insincere or
histrionic” (Goldman, Elvis: The Last 24 Hours, pp. 187,
188).
The Bible warns that friendship with the world is enmity
with God (James 4:4); and while we hope Elvis did trust Jesus
Christ as Lord and Savior before he died, there is no evidence
that he truly repented of his sin or separated from the world
or surrendered to the Christ of the Bible.
The book he took to the bathroom just before he died was
either The Force of Jesus by Frank Adams or The Scientific
Search for the Face of Jesus, depending on various accounts.
Both books present an unscriptural, pagan christ. Elvis never
made a public profession of faith in Christ, was never
baptized, and never joined a church. Pastor Hamill, former
pastor of First Assembly of God in Memphis, says that
Presley visited him in the late 1950s, when he was at the
height of his rock & roll powers, and testified: “Pastor, I’m the
most miserable young man you’ve ever seen. I’ve got all the
money I’ll ever need to spend. I’ve got millions of fans. I’ve
got friends. But I’m doing what you taught me not to do, and
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I’m not doing the things you taught me to do” (Steve Turner,
ELVIS’S DRUG ABUSE KILLED HIM. Elvis did not drink,
but he abused drugs most of his life. He began using
amphetamines and Benzedrine to give him a lift when he
began his rock & roll career in the first half of the 1950s. It is
possible that they were first given to him by Memphis disc
jockey Dewey Phillips, who helped popularize Elvis’s music
by playing his songs repeatedly (Goldman, p. 9). The drugs
“transformed the shy, mute, passive ‘Baby Elvis’ of those years
into the Hillbilly Cat.’” He also used marijuana some and took
LSD at least once.
In her autobiography, Priscilla Presley says that Elvis was
using drugs heavily by 1960 and that his personality changed
dramatically. After the breakup of his short-lived marriage in
1973, Elvis “was hopelessly drug-dependent.” He abused
barbiturates and narcotics so heavily that he destroyed
himself. He died on August 16, 1977, at age 42 in his
bathroom at Graceland, of a shutdown of his central nervous
system caused by polypharmacy, or the combined effect of a
number of drugs. There is some evidence, in fact, that Elvis
committed suicide (Goldman, Elvis: The Last 24 Hours, pp.
161-175). He had attempted suicide in 1967 just before his
marriage. Fourteen drugs were found in his body during the
autopsy, including toxic or near toxic levels of four. Dr.
Norman Weissman, director of operations at Bio-Sciences
Laboratories, where the toxicity tests were performed,
testified that he had never seen so many drugs in one
specimen. Elvis’s doctor, George Nichopolous, had prescribed
19,000 pills and vials for Elvis in the last 31.5 months of his
life. Elvis required 5,110 pills per year just for his sleeping
routine. Elvis also obtained drugs from many other sources,
both legal and illegal. It was estimated that he spent at least
$1 million per year on drugs and drug prescribing doctors
(Goldman, p. 56). Dr. Nichopolous’s head nurse, Tish Henley,
actually lived on the grounds of Graceland and monitored
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Elvis’s drug consumption. In 1980, Nichopolous was found in
violation of the prescribing rules of the Tennessee Board of
Medical Examiners, and he lost his license for three months
and was put on probation for three years. In 1992, his
medical license was revoked permanently.
After a protracted legal battle, Elvis’s daughter, Lisa Marie,
inherited his entire estate, valued at over $100 million.
Graceland was made into a museum, and it is visited by more
than 650,000 per year.
A SELF-CENTERED MAN. Elvis was self-centered to the
extreme. Though he gave away many expensive gifts,
including fancy automobiles and jewelry, it was obvious that
he used these to obtain his own way. “But when his
extravagant presents fail to inspire a properly beholden
attitude, the legendary Presley generosity peels off, revealing
its true motive as the desire for absolute control” (Goldman,
p. 104).
He could not take even kind criticism and was quick to cut
off friends who crossed him in any way. “A little Caesar, he
made himself all-powerful in his kingdom, reducing
everyone around him to a sycophant or hustler” (Goldman,
Elvis: The Last 24 Hours, p. 15). He was hypercritical,
sarcastic, and mean-spirited to people around him. When
Elvis first began touring with Scotty Moore and Bill Black,
they traveled in the automobile owned and maintained by
Moore’s wife, Bobbie. She worked at Sears and was the only
one who had a steady paying job at the time. When Elvis
became an overnight star and began to make big money, he
purchased a Lincoln, but he never made any attempt to
replace Bobbie’s car or to pay back what she had put into it
for them.
Elvis promised Scotty Moore and Bill Black, the members
of his first band, that he would not forget them if they
prospered financially, but he did just that. While Elvis was
making tens of thousands of dollars by 1956 and 1957, Moore
and Black were paid lowly wages and were finally let go to
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fend for themselves as best they could. Elvis never gave his
old friends automobiles or anything of significant value.
Reminiscing on those days, Scotty Moore says, “He promised
us that the more he made the more we would make, but it
hasn’t worked out that way. The thing that got me, the thing
that wasn’t right about it, was the fact that Elvis didn’t keep
his word. ... We were supposed to be the King’s men. In
reality, we were the court jesters” (Moore, That’s Alright, Elvis,
pp. 146, 155). Elvis turned them “out to pasture like brokendown mules, without a penny.”
Elvis kept up this pattern all his life. He would fire his
friends and workers at the snap of a finger, and he “was not
one to give his buddies a second change” (The Boy Who
Would Be King, p. 197). Bobby West served his cousin Elvis
faithfully for 20 years, and was rewarded in 1976 by being
fired with three day’s notice and one week’s pay. Delbert West
(another cousin) and Dave Hebler were similarly treated.
ELVIS’S RAGE. Elvis often exhibited a violent, even
murderous, rage. He was “notorious for making terrible
threats.” He cooked up murder plots against a number of
people, including the man his ex-wife ran off with and three
former bodyguards who wrote a tell-all book about him. He
threw things at people and even dragged one woman through
several rooms by her hair. He viciously threw a pool ball at
one female fan, hitting her in the chest and injuring her
severely. One of his sleep-over girlfriends almost died of a
drug overdose he had given her, and she remained in
intensive care for several days near death. He never once
went to see her or call, and he had no further contact with
her.
According to his cousin Earl, he never apologized for
anything. He drew and fired his guns many times when he
could not get his way, firing into ceilings, shooting out
television sets. When his last girlfriend, Ginger Alden,
attempted to leave Graceland against his wishes, he fired over
her head to force her to stay.
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Elvis hit Priscilla, his wife, at least once, giving her a black
eye. He also threw chairs and other things at her. Once he
tore up her expensive clothes and threw them and her out
into the driveway. He even mocked and flaunted her with his
affairs. When his father remarried, Elvis treated him and his
wife very badly. When he first learned of it, he “threw a
tantrum of frightening proportions,” destroying furniture and
punching holes in the walls with his fists. On one occasion he
stormed around the dinner table and threw the plates full of
food at the wall, cursing his father and stepmother and
blaspheming God (The Boy Who Would Be King).
ELVIS’S IMMORALITY. Elvis was a fornicator and
adulterer. He had “a roving eye.” “His list of one-night stands
would fill volumes” (Jim Curtin, Elvis, p. 119). He began
sleeping with multiple girls per week when he was only one
year out of high school. His cousin Earl notes that the sleazy
music clubs Elvis was visiting “satisfied more than his thirst
for music—they unleashed Elvis’s sexuality” (The Boy Who
Would Be King, p. 122). He slept with many girls before his
marriage to Priscilla Beaulieu, and had multiple affairs after
the marriage.
Priscilla was only a 14-year-old ninth grader when Elvis
began dating her in 1959 during his army tour in Germany.
At the time he met Priscilla, he had an even younger girl
living in his house (Moore, That’s Alright, Elvis, p. 162). Elvis
corrupted the shy, teenaged Priscilla. He gave her liquor and
got her drunk. He got her hooked on pills. He taught her to
dress in a licentious manner. He encouraged her to lie to her
parents. He led her into immorality and pornography. He
taught her to gamble. He used hallucinogenic drugs with her.
(These are facts published in Priscilla’s autobiography.) In
1962, the 15-year-old Priscilla moved in with Elvis at his
Graceland mansion in Memphis (after Elvis lied to her
parents about the living arrangement) and they lived together
for five years before they married in May 1967. (The marriage
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was probably due to pressure put on Elvis by his manager,
who was worried about the star’s public image.)
Elvis and Priscilla had constant problems in their marriage
and divorced in 1973. Elvis had many adulterous affairs
during his marriage, and Priscilla admits two affairs of her
own. Scotty Moore’s second wife, Emily, said she felt sorry for
Priscilla because of all of the women Elvis was seeing. Elvis
seduced his stepbrother Billy’s wife, Angie, and destroyed
their marriage. He then banished Billy from Graceland.
Elvis’s cousin, Earl, who was his best buddy in high school
and during the early years of his music career and who
worked for him for many years after his success, describes
how Elvis became addicted to orgies involving many girls at
one time.
Elvis cursed and profaned the Lord’s name continually in
his ordinary conversation. Even during his earliest concerts
he “told some really dirty, crude jokes in between his
songs” (RockABilly, p. 120).
WASTING A FORTUNE. Elvis lived for pleasure and was
utterly bored with life before he was 40 years old. Elvis sought
to be rich, but it came with a curse attached to it and most of
his riches disappeared into thin air. Though Elvis’s music,
movies, and trademarked items grossed an estimated two or
more BILLION dollars during his lifetime, he saw relatively
little of it and most of what he did receive was squandered on
playthings. By 1969, he was so broke that he was forced to
revive his stage career. He had no investments, no property
except that which surrounded Graceland, and no savings. His
manager, Colonel Parker, had swindled or mismanaged him
out of a vast fortune. (On Parker’s advice, for example, Elvis
sold the rights to his record royalties in 1974 for a lump sum
that netted him only $750,000 after taxes.)
ELVIS’S SENSUAL MUSIC. Elvis’s music was reflective of
his lifestyle: sensual and licentious. Many of his performances
were characterized by hysteria and near rioting. Females
attempted to rip off Elvis’s clothes. There were riots at his
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early concerts. “He’d start out, ‘You ain’t nothin’ but a Hound
Dog,’ and they’d just go to pieces. They’d always react the
same way. There’d be a riot every time” (Scotty Moore, That’s
Alright, Elvis, p. 175). Girls literally threw themselves at him.
In DeLeon, Texas, in July 1955, fans “shredded Presley’s pink
shirt—a trademark by now—and tore the shoes from his
feet.” Before a 1956 concert in Jacksonville, Florida, Juvenile
Court Judge Marion Gooding warned Elvis that if he did his
“hip-gyrating movements” and created a riot, he would be
arrested and sent to jail. Elvis performed flatfooted and
stayed out of trouble. Colonel Parker played up Elvis’s
sensuality. He taught him to “play up his sexuality and make
both the men and women in the audience want him” (The
Boy Who Would Be King, p. 164).
TRAGEDY FOLLOWS THE ROCK MUSIC LIFESTYLE.
Elvis’s first band was composed of three members, Elvis, lead
guitarist Scotty Moore, and bass guitarist Bill Black. The lives
of all three men were marked by confusion and tragedy. Elvis
died young and miserable. When asked about his severe
narcotic usage in the years before his death, Elvis replied, “It’s
better to be unconscious than miserable” (Goldman, p. 3).
Bill Black, who formed the Bill Black Combo after his years
with Elvis, died in 1965 at age 29 of a brain tumor. Scotty
Moore was divorced multiple times. He also had multiple
extra-marital affairs. When he had been married only three
months to his first wife, he fathered a child by another
woman, a nightclub singer he met on the road. The little girl
was born the night Elvis, Moore, and Black recorded their
first hit at Sun Records. During his second marriage, Moore
fathered another out-of-wedlock child. In 1992, at age 61,
Moore filed for bankruptcy.
ELVIS’S STRANGE RELIGION. Elvis did not believe the
Bible in any traditional sense. His christ was a false one. Elvis
constructed “a personalised religion out of what he’d read of
Hinduism, Judaism, numerology, theosophy, mind control,
positive thinking and Christianity” (Hungry for Heaven, p.
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143). The night he died, he was reading the book Sex and
Psychic Energy (Goldman, Elvis: The Last 24 Hours, p. 140).
Elvis loved material by guru Paramahansa Yogananda, the
Hindu founder of the Self-Realization Fellowship. (I studied
Yogananda’s writings and belonged to his Fellowship before I
was saved in 1973.)
In considering a marriage to Ginger Alden (which never
came to pass) prior to his death, Elvis wanted the ceremony
to be held in a pyramid-shaped arena “in order to focus the
spiritual energies upon him and Ginger” (Goldman, Elvis:
The Last 24 Hours, p. 125).
Elvis traveled with a portable bookcase containing over
200 volumes of his favorite books. The books most
commonly associated with him were books promoting pagan
religion, such as The Prophet by Kahilil Gibran;
Autobiography of a Yogi by Yogananda; The Mystical Christ by
Manley Palmer; The Life and Teachings of the Master of the
Far East by Baird Spalding; The Inner Life by Leadbetter; The
First and Last Freedom by Krishnamurti; The Urantia Book;
The Rosicrucian Cosmo-Conception; The Book of Numbers by
Cheiro; and Esoteric Healing by Alice Bailey.
Elvis was a great fan of occultist Madame Blavatsky. He
was so taken with Blavatsky’s book The Voice of Silence, which
contains the supposed translation of ancient occultic Tibetan
incantations, that he “sometimes read from it onstage and
was inspired by it to name his own gospel group,
Voice” (Goldman, Elvis, p. 436). Another of Elvis’s favorite
books was The Impersonal Life, which supposedly contains
words recorded directly from God by Joseph Benner. Albert
Goldman says Elvis gave away hundreds of copies of this
book over the last 13 years of his life.
Elvis was sometimes called the evangelist by those who
hung around him, and he called them his disciples; but the
message he preached contained “strange permutations of
Christian dogma” (Steve Taylor, Stairway to Heaven, p. 56).
Elvis believed, for example, that Jesus slept with his female
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followers. Elvis even had messianic concepts of himself as the
savior of mankind in the early 1970s. He read the Bible aloud
at times and even conducted some strange “Bible studies,” but
he had no spiritual discernment and made up his own wildeyed interpretations of biblical passages. His ex-wife,
Priscilla, eventually joined the Church of Scientology, as did
his daughter, Lisa Marie, and her two children.
Elvis prayed a lot in his last days, asking God for
forgiveness, but the evidence points to a Judas type of
remorse instead of godly repentance. “For godly sorrow
worketh repentance to salvation not to be repented of: but the
sorrow of the world worketh death” (2 Cor. 7:10). One can
have sorrow or remorse for the consequences of one’s sin
without repenting toward God and trusting God’s provision
for sin, which is the shed blood of Jesus Christ. Judas
“repented himself ” in the sense that he was sorry for
betraying Jesus, and he committed suicide because of his
despair, but he did not repent toward God and trust Jesus
Christ as his Savior (Mat. 27:3-5). True biblical salvation is
“repentance toward God, and faith toward our Lord Jesus
Christ” (Acts 20:21). Had Elvis done this he would have been
a new man (2 Cor. 5:17) and would have seen things through
the eyes of hope instead of through the eyes of despair. He
would have had supernatural power, and there would have
been a change in his life. The spiritual blindness would have
fallen from his eyes, and he would have cast off his eastern
mysticism and cleaved to the truth. Elvis’s guilt and sorrow
produced no perceptible change in his life.
Gene Vincent
Gene Vincent (1935-1971) was another one of the early
influential American rock & rollers. His 1956 hit, “Be-Bop-ALula,” was one of the ’50s rock anthems.
He grew up in church in Virginia, but he quit school at age
16 and lied about his age in order to join the military. He
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formed the Blue Caps in 1956 and began recording rockabilly
songs. Their performances were “one of the wildest” in the
business. “The Blue Caps developed a reputation for violence
—they destroyed dressing rooms, set fires backstage, and
incited riots at many of their shows” (Rock ‘n’ Roll Heaven, p.
32).
In 1960, Vincent and his rocker friend Eddie Cochran
were involved in a terrible automobile accident in London.
Cochran was killed and Vincent was critically injured. By the
end of the 1960s, Vincent’s life was a disaster. The Rolling
Stone Encyclopedia of Rock described his life as “heavy
drinking, mood swings, and erratic behavior.” He was
married and divorced four times.
Gene Vincent, one of the fathers of rock and roll, died
drunk in 1971 at age 36 of a hemorrhaging stomach ulcer
and/or a seizure.
His hit “Be-Bop-A-Lula” had sold over nine million copies
in his lifetime, but he died broke.
Hank Williams
Hiram “Hank” Williams’ (1923-1953) “hillbilly boogie”
music, such as “Rootie Tootie” and “Hey, Good Lookin’,” had
a great influence on early rock & roll. Large numbers of
rockers point to Hank Williams as one of their inspirations.
He also lived the “rock & roll lifestyle” and died young.
He was born in a log house in September 1923 to a poor
family in rural Alabama. His mother, Jessie Lillybelle (called
Lillie), played the organ at Baptist churches during the early
part of Hank’s childhood, though she apparently was not a
meek and quiet-spirited woman. Tenants at a boardinghouse
she ran described her as “mean and violent with a short fuse.”
She “cussed at” Hank at times. Hank’s father, Elonzo, who was
called Lon, was a hard drinker who did not live with the
family after Hank was six years old. Stemming from his
experiences in World War I, Lon spent many years in
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government hospitals and underwent physical and
psychiatric treatment. Hank did not see his father more than
a couple of times in the 1930s. When Lon was released from
the hospital in 1939, he returned to his home town, but he
divorced Lillie three years later and married another woman.
Hank’s mother tried to steer young Hank into singing for
the Lord and laboriously saved the money to send him to a
shape-note singing school, but he was more attracted to the
world. He started drinking and attending Saturday-night
dances when he was only 11 (Colin Escott, Hank Williams, p.
10). He learned to play jazzed-up guitar from Rufus Payne, a
black street bluesman nicked-named “Tee-Tot,” a pun on
teetotaler, which Tee-Tot definitely was not. He carried a
home-brewed mix of alcohol and tea in a flask at all times
and, like many bluesmen before and after him, died young in
1939 at age 55.
By the time Hank was in his teens, his mother apparently
had a change of heart and helped him get started in his
country music career.
By that time, Hank Williams was already a drunkard who
was undependable at work and reckless with his money. He
“was a miserable drunk” who “became surly and contrary.”
His drinking became increasingly worse as the years passed.
He married his first wife, Audrey Mae, on December 15,
1944. (The divorce to her first husband, Erskine Guy, was not
finalized until December 5. Guy was in the military service
and was overseas fighting in World War II when his wife took
up with Hank Williams. Their marriage was illegal in the
sight of God as well as in the sight of the law, which required
a 60-day waiting period after a divorce.)
In 1946, he began his recording career, and by 1948, his
records were making the country-western charts. “Lovesick
Blues” was the No. 1 country record in 1949. He began
singing for the Grand Ole Opry that same year. By 1952, his
drinking had almost ruined him. By that year the odds of his
showing up sober to a music engagement “were no better
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than even.” The previous year he had been committed to two
different treatment facilities, but it didn’t help. He was also
abusing drugs that were prescribed for his chronic back pain.
“He would go to see several doctors, obtain multiple
prescriptions, then take more than the prescribed dose.” One
of Hank Williams’ booking agents, F.D. McMurry, was
“amazed at the number and variety of pills that he took.”
Quack therapist Horace Marshall prescribed chloral hydrate,
a powerful sedative and anti-anxiety drug. This drug was very
dangerous in itself, but when combined with alcohol or other
depressants, it was extremely deadly.
When his cousin Walter McNeil visited him at a hospital in
Montgomery, Alabama, in late 1951, Hank was “desperately
unhappy.” “As was often the case when he was coming off a
drunk, Hank was paranoid and surly, and, some thought,
occasionally suicidal” (Escott, Tattooed on Their Tongues, p.
180).
He was fired from the Grand Ole Opry in 1952, and his
marriage to Audrey ended in divorce in July of that year.
Hank was busy on other fronts. Around May of that year, he
fathered a child by Bobbie Jett (who already had one child by
another man), and he married Billie Jean in October. (Hank
first had to hire a lawyer to help her divorce her first husband,
and the divorce was not finalized until a few days after their
wedding.)
He was emotionally and physically abusive to both of his
wives. Billie Jean was married to Williams only 10 weeks
before he died. After Hank’s death, Billie Jean married Johnny
Horton, country/rock singer, guitarist, songwriter who had
pop hits with “The Battle of New Orleans,” “Springtime in
Alaska,” and other songs. Horton died in 1960, seven years
after Hank Williams, at age 35 in an automobile crash. Billie
Jean eventually married and divorced four times (Colin
Escott, Tattooed on Their Tongues: Through the Backrooms of
American Music, p. 139).
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Like many country/blues/rock singers, Hank Williams
carried a sentimental love for gospel music with him
throughout his life, and he recorded several religious songs.
He never gave any testimony of or evidence of having been
born again, though, whereas Jesus Christ warned, “Except a
man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God” (John
3:3).
Hank Williams died on the last day of December 1953 at
age 29 in the back of his Cadillac of drug and alcohol induced
heart failure. “He had died from the combined effects of
alcohol, an undetermined number of morphine shots, and
chloral hydrate…” (Escott, p. 241).
Williams had sung his own epitaph on some of his songs,
such as “Too Many Parties and Too Many Pals” and “Tear in
the Beer.” In the latter, he sang: “I’m gonna keep drinkin’ until
I’m petrified … I’m gonna keep drinkin’ ‘til I can’t even
think.”
He did just that.
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1960s Rock: Continuing the
Revolution
The following digest of some of the most influential of the
1960s rockers is included because these groups are still
revered and their music continues to be played throughout
the world. It is impossible to measure the vast influence these
groups have had, and continue to have, on society.
Fifties and Sixties rock is the foundation of a global pop
culture which is based on the philosophy of “do your own
thing; don’t let anyone tell you what to do.”
This is capsulized in many popular rock songs:
“I’m free to do what I want any old time” (Rolling
Stones, 1965).
“It’s my life and I’ll do what I want/ It’s my mind, and
I’ll think what I want” (The Animals, 1965).
“You got to go where you want to go/ do what you
want to do” (Mamas and Papas, 1965).
“It’s your thing/ do what you want to do” (Isley
Brothers, 1969).
“We can do what we want; we can live as we
choose” (“New,” Paul McCartney, 2013).
These studies on Fifties and Sixties rock music document
the fact that rock was invented to celebrate licentiousness and
the flaunting of God’s holy laws. Rebellion against God’s laws
is not a sideline of rock & roll; it is its heart and soul.
The global rock culture epitomizes the definition of the
world which the Christian is not to love: the lust of the flesh,
the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life (1 John 2:15-17). A
better definition of rock & roll has never been penned.
Further, the Christianized version of rock music is the
soundtrack to the end-time apostasy described in 2 Timothy.
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“For the time will come when they will not endure
sound doctrine; but after their own lusts shall they heap
to themselves teachers, having itching ears; And they
shall turn away their ears from the truth, and shall be
turned unto fables” (2 Timothy 4:3-4).
Christian rock, or Contemporary Christian Music, with its
theme of ecumenical unity and its charismatic experience
orientation, is a major part of the end-time, one-world
“church.”
The Allman Brothers
Brothers Duane (1946-1971) and Greg Allman (b. 1947)
formed the Allman Brothers band in 1968. Other members of
the original band were Berry Oakley, Dickey Betts, Johanny
Johanson, and Butch Trucks. Duane and Greg’s father was
murdered in 1949 when they were just toddlers by a
hitchhiker he picked up while on Christmas leave from the
Korean War.
The band, called “the greatest American band of the 1970s”
by rock critic Mikal Gilmore, “wallowed in blues, booze,
drugs, babes, and busts.” Drummer Butch Trucks describes
how they lived: “… the cocaine was pouring. You would go
backstage and there would be a line of thirty dealers waiting
outside, and the roadies would go check it out. Whoever had
the best coke, they could get in, and they would just keep it
flowing all night. … I was drunk twenty-four hours a
day” (Mikal Gilmore, Night Beat, p. 134).
In 1970, Twiggs Lydon, road manager for the Allman
Brothers, was charged with murder after he stabbed a man to
death with a fishing knife. In March 1971, Robert Payne,
manager for the Allman Brothers, was shot by police. That
same month, the entire Allman Brothers band was charged
with drug possession.
“The surviving members of the Allman Brothers Band
have also struggled with an assortment of personal demons
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including substance abuse, divorce, altercations with law
officials, and poverty” (Hellhounds on Their Trail, p. 43).
In 1976, Allman Brothers Band roadie Scotter Herring was
sentenced to 75 years in prison for distributing cocaine and
other drugs to Gregg Allman. Gregg was granted immunity
in exchange for his testimony.
Gregg Allman married the singer/movie star Cher in 1975,
but she left him after he “passed out face first into a plate of
spaghetti at an Italian restaurant” (Rock Stars Do the Dumbest
Things, p. 11).
Duane Allman died in October 1971 in a motorcycle
wreck. It was less than a month before his 25th birthday.
A year later fellow band member Berry Oakley died at age
24 in another motorcycle wreck that occurred only three
blocks from the site of Allman’s crash.
The Allman Brothers’ road manager, Twiggs Lyndon, was
killed in 1979 when his parachute failed to open during a
skydiving venture.
Lamar Williams, bassist for the Allman Brothers Band,
died of cancer in 1983 at age 34.
Joe Dan Petty, of Grinderswitch and guitar tech for The
Allman Brothers Band, died in a private plane crash in
January 2000 at age 51.
Allen Woody, bassist for the Allman Brothers Band, died
in August 2000 at age 44.
The Animals
The Animals were formed in England in 1962 and had
many hits in the 1960s. The group was composed of Eric
Burdon, John Steel, Chas Chandler, Alan Price, and Hilton
Valentine. Eventually Price was replaced by Dave Rowberry
and Steel, by Barry Jenkins.
During his days with the Animals, Eric Burdon “took to
drinking, womanizing, and shooting his mouth off,
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experiences that no doubt shaped a later song entitled ‘Good
Times’” (Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock). Burdon admits
that he took many acid (LSD) trips. He participated in
hallucinogenic drug experiences with Brian Epstein (the
Beatles’ manager who died of a drug overdose in 1967), Andy
Summers (who played with the Animals and later was with
the rock group Police), and many others. Burdon claims that
the drug LSD opened him up to Hinduism. In his biography,
he describes a meeting he allegedly had with the gruesome
Hindu goddess Kali while he was on an LSD trip.
“Then I came face to face with Kali. I was covered in a
void. Darkness, darkness. Then a voice asked what right
I had to come there and disturb Kali. ‘I’m just a man,’ I
said. ‘And what makes you think you’re man enough to
disturb me while I’m making love?’ ‘My ego tells me that
if I have a chance to change the world, I have the power
to make that change.’ ‘Ah, so you need answers,’ said
Kali. ‘If you want information you have to make me a
gift.’ I didn’t know which world I was in. My own was
left behind me. ‘I can’t see you. You’ve already taken my
sight. What more do you want?’ She laughed a wicked,
cruel laugh in the darkness. 'How much are you willing
to give?’ ‘My life,’ I said. My life was sucked out of me. I
was Gonzo. Melted to the floor. Dead” (Eric Burdon, I
Used to Be An Animal, But I’m All Right Now, p. 150).
Kali, the goddess of destruction, is often depicted as a
fearsome, black, multiple-armed personage with weapons of
destruction in each hand and a necklace of skulls around her
neck. During our years of missionary work in Nepal, I have
often walked past the large Kali idol located in the heart of
Kathmandu near the temple of the Living Goddess. We know
from the Bible that the gods and goddesses behind idolatry
are demonic spirits.
“What say I then? that the idol is any thing, or that
which is offered in sacrifice to idols is any thing? But I
say, that the things which the Gentiles sacrifice, they
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sacrifice to devils, and not to God: and I would not that
ye should have fellowship with devils” (1 Cor. 10:19, 20).
According to God’s Word, it appears that through drug
experiences Eric Burdon met the same demons that the
Hindu yogi encounters through meditation and other
practices.
Mike Jeffrey, who managed the Animals and Jimi Hendrix,
died in 1973 at roughly age 35 when his plane exploded in
mid air.
Chas Chandler died in 1996 at age 57 of a heart attack.
The Beach Boys
The Beach Boys, formed in 1961, is one of the most
popular rock bands of all times. The original group was
composed of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson, with
Al Jardine. Their first hit, “Surfin’,” appeared in December
1961. They have sold over 65 million records.
The Wilson boys had a troubled relationship with their
father. When he died of a heart attack in 1973, the only son to
attend the funeral was Carl.
Brian Wilson (b. 1942), who wrote many of their most
popular songs, was heavily involved with psychedelic and
other drugs and liquor and became a psychotic recluse for
many years, living in fear even of the ocean he had glorified
in his songs. The man who sang of the glories of the
automobile (“Shut Down,” “Little Deuce Coupe,” “Car Crazy
Cutie,” etc.) did not drive an automobile for years. He had a
complete breakdown in 1964 and retired from touring with
the Beach Boys. His constant supervision and psychiatric care
was rumored to have cost $50,000 a month at one point. He
did not regain a semblance of normality for two and a half
decades. In 1980, Brian divorced his wife, Marilyn.
The Beach Boys were instrumental in promoting the
occultic Transcendental Meditation. Beach Boy Mike Love
accompanied the Beatles and Donovan to Guru Maharishi
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Mahesh Yogi’s ashram in India in 1967. The Beach Boys
embarked on a tour in 1968 which included the guru as the
opening act, but the tour had to be aborted because fans
didn’t want to sit through a Hindu lecture. By the late ’70s,
the Beach Boys were still promoting TM. Their 1976 album,
15 Big Ones, contained the “TM Song” by Brian Wilson. The
lyrics stated:
“It’s time for me to meditate/ What time is this/ How
long has it been/ … The mantra, my mantra must have
took me away/ It must have took me away/ Maharishi
gave it to me/ And I wondered if it set me free/ And it
did/ And he’ll tell you/ Sometimes it goes real fast/ And
other times it goes real slow/ Anyway you do it, well it’s
bound to work I know/ Transcendental Meditation
should be part of your time/ It’s simple, it’s easy as
making this rhyme/ Transcendental Meditation, works
for me good/ More much more than I thought it would.”
The proceeds to the Beach Boys’ 1978 album, M.I.U., were
dedicated to help build the Maharishi International
University in Iowa.
In spite of Mike Love’s dedication to Transcendental
Meditation, he has been married and divorced at least five
times and “several women claimed he fathered their children
out of wedlock” (Stebbins, Dennis Wilson: The Real Beach
Boy, p. 214).
Dennis Wilson lived the surfer/rock & roll lifestyle and
suffered the consequences. In 1965, he said: “They say I live a
fast life. Maybe I just like a fast life. I wouldn’t give it up for
anything in the world.” Before his death, he was drinking a
fifth of vodka a day plus using cocaine and other drugs.
Dennis fell under the spell of Charles Manson in 1969 and
even helped Manson record some songs. Manson’s song
“Cease to Exist” was recorded by the Beach Boys under the
title “Never Learn Not to Love” and appeared on the B side of
their 1968 record “Bluebirds over the Mountain.” The group
performed the song on The Mike Douglas Show in April
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1969. The Manson song later appeared on the Beach Boys
20/20 album. Before he went on to spawn the murders for
which he is infamous, Manson and his followers took about
$100,000 of Dennis Wilson’s money and wrecked four of his
expensive cars.
Wilson was married five times, the third and fourth time
to the same woman, actress Karen Lamm. He was unfaithful
to all of his wives and had countless girlfriends. Karen told
the press, “If you’re worried about fidelity with a rock star,
forget it. It’s part of the lifestyle” (Stebbins, Dennis Wilson:
The Real Beach Boy, p. 175). On a tour in Australia and New
Zealand, Dennis assaulted and injured Karen in a druginduced rage. His last marriage was to Shawn Love, the 19year-old daughter of his first cousin and band partner, Mike
Love. She bore Dennis a child a year before they were
married. By the fourth month after the wedding, the
marriage was also on the rocks. Totally undisciplined and
addicted to liquor and drugs, Dennis Wilson squandered a
fortune and ended up homeless, barefoot, staying with
friends or sleeping off his drinking binges at cheap hotels.
Before his death, he was little better than a skidrow bum. He
had lost everything--his band, his singing voice, his money,
his cars, his sailing boat, his health. Even if an automobile car
had been available, he couldn’t drive because of his frequent
alcoholic seizures. “He’d have seizures, black out, and wake
up not knowing where he was or how he’d gotten there.” In
the summer of 1981, a friend asked him “where the happiness
was in his life.” The rock star replied: “I don’t have it. I’m just
here. I’m like a flower floating on the water. Whatever way
the wind blows is the way I go” (Stebbins, p. 212).
Dennis Wilson drowned in December 1983 twenty-four
days after his 39th birthday. He had been invited to spend a
couple of days on a friend’s sailing boat which was docked at
the same marina where he had docked his own boat, the
Harmony, years earlier. He was unable to sleep that night and
weeping in frustration and remorse, he poured out his
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troubled heart to his girlfriend. He regretted that he could
not tell his father that he loved him, that he could not have
another chance to be a good son. “His tattered life weighed
upon his spirit” (Stebbins, p. 226). Sadly, there is no evidence
that Dennis Wilson turned to the Lord Jesus Christ and cast
His care upon the Savior who died for his sins. Remorse for a
wasted life is not the same as repentance toward God for
salvation.
The next day, Wilson dove into the cold water and began
retrieving things from the bottom of the bay, but on the
second trip to the bottom he drowned. His blood alcohol
level was .26 percent, nearly three times the legal driving
limit in California. Traces of cocaine and Valium were also
found in his system (Helter Skelter, p. 697). A friend
observed, “I think Dennis died years before his body actually
did” (Stebbins, p. 212).
Ironically, Dennis was the only member of the Beach Boys
who was a real surfer.
Carl Wilson died in 1998 at age 51 of lung cancer.
The Beatles
The Beatles are the most popular and influential rock band
of all time. Rolling Stone magazine ranked them number one
in its list of 100 “Greatest Artists.” They have sold over one
billion records internationally. This is in spite of the fact that
none of the Beatles could read a note of music.
Paul McCartney said, “We felt like gods” (Bob Spitz, The
Beatles, p. 425).
They have been called “a revolution” and “a cultural
earthquake.”
More than 8,000 books have been written about them. The
Queen of England bestowed upon them the Most Excellent
Order of the British Empire in 1965 and knighted Paul
McCartney in 1997. In 2009, Liverpool Hope University
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began offering a Master of Arts degree in “The Beatles,
Popular Music and Society.”
Their music was re-released in 1987 via compact disc and
continues to sell well. It is played continuously on oldies
radio stations. Their 2000 album, titled “1,” debuted at No. 1
on pop charts in the U.S.A. and 16 other countries and sold
more than 3.6 million copies the first week. The album
contains 27 of the Beatles No. 1 singles. A recent television
special, The Beatles Revolution, attracted 8.7 million viewers
to its first showing on ABC and is being rebroadcast by cable
networks.
Even Contemporary Christian musicians are Beatles fans.
For example, Phil Keaggy pays “homage to the Beatles” on his
1993 Crimson and Blue album. Galactic Cowboys admits that
their biggest influence is the Beatles. Caedmon’s Call often
performs Beatles music. dc Talk opened its “Jesus Freak”
concerts with the Beatles’ song “Help.” Jars of Clay names
Jimmy Hendrix and the Beatles as their inspiration. The lead
guitarist is said to be a “Beatles fanatic.”
We give many more examples of this in the article “The
Beatles and Contemporary Christian Music,” which is
available at the Way of Life web site.
The Beatles’ influence permeates Western society and can
be felt throughout the world. Countless rock & rollers could
give the same testimony as that of Beach Boys’ Brian Wilson,
who said: “Their arrival in America in 1964 was electrifying,
one of the most exciting things that ever happened in my life,
and their music has always and will always mean so much to
me.”
The Beatles epitomized and defined modern, youthful
“cool.” Bob Spitz says that “they always seemed able to define
that very term” (The Beatles, p. 678). Its essence is an attitude
of arrogance, defiance, selfishness, and the glorification of
folly. The Beatles perfected the “teenage culture” that was
invented by 1950s rockers. Journalist Nik Cohn said, “[T]he
Beatles changed everything. Before them, all teenage life and,
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therefore, fashion, existed in spasms; after them, it was an
entity, a separate society” (Spitz, The Beatles, p. 545).
Sid Bernstein observed, “Only Hitler ever duplicated [the
Beatles’] power over crowds. … when the Beatles talk—about
drugs, the war in Vietnam, religion—millions listen, and this
is the new situation in the pop music world” (Time, Sept. 22,
1967, p. 60). Rock critic Vern Stefanic noted that “Lennon
was more than a musician” because he promoted “an antiGod theme, and anti-America, pro-revolution stance” (Tulsa
World, Dec. 12, 1980, p. 20).
The Beatles even pioneered the longhaired look. “... the
major impulse behind the rock androgyny of the Sixties was,
in fact, of foreign origin . . . the Beatles. . . . the haircuts were
so revolutionary by Sixties standards that they were viewed as
signs of incipient transvestism” (Steven Simels, Gender
Chameleons: Androgyny in Rock ‘n’ Roll, pp. 29, 30, 32).
Paul McCartney admitted their role in destroying
traditional convention: “There they were in America, all
getting house-trained for adulthood with their indisputable
principle of life: short hair equals men; long hair equals
women. Well, we got rid of that small convention for them.
And a few others, too” (Barbara Ehrenreich, “Beatlemania:
Girls Just Wanted to Have Fun,” cited by Lisa Lewis, The
Adoring Audience: Fan Culture and Popular Media, p. 102).
The History of the Beatles
Called the “fab four,” The Beatles were composed of John
Lennon (1940-1980), Paul McCartney (b. 1942), George
Harrison (1943-2001) and Ringo Starr (born Richard
Starkey) (b. 1940).
McCartney and Harrison had Roman Catholic mothers,
but their fathers were not religious. Paul McCartney’s father,
Jim, considered himself an agnostic. (When Jim McCartney
died in 1976, Paul did not attend the funeral.)
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Ringo’s mother and father separated when he was very
young and later divorced; his mother worked as a barmaid at
times. He never made an attempt to locate his father.
Lennon’s mother and father (Fred) had gotten married
without her parent’s approval, and Fred left his little family to
join the merchant marine when John was very small. John’s
mother later lived with another man and had two daughters,
though she never divorced Fred. In later life Lennon
expressed hatred for his mother. His father’s second wife,
Pauline, said that the mere mention of her name “triggered a
vicious verbal attack on [his mother], whom he reviled in the
most obscene language I had ever heard…” (Geoffrey
Giuliano, Lennon in America, 2000, p. 17).
John was raised largely by his mother’s sister, his Aunt
Mimi. She sent him to an Anglican Sunday school, where he
sang in the choir. By age 11, though, he was permanently
barred from Sunday services because he “repeatedly
i mprov i s e d o b s c e n e an d i mpi ou s ly r i c s to t h e
p. 114). Lennon said that none of his church experiences
touched him and that by age 19 he “was cynical about
religion and never even considered the goings-on in
Christianity.” It is sad that all Lennon experienced was
corrupt Christianity in the form of dead Anglicanism.
By 1964, McCartney testified that none of them believed in
God and that religion “doesn’t fit into my life.” Their drug
experiences changed that, but the “god” they came to believe
in was not the God of the Bible. McCartney described his
God as “a force we are all a part of.” Lennon said, “We’re all
God.”
John Lennon was the undisputed leader of the Beatles. By
the late 1950s, he was a profane and brawling street tough. He
shoplifted, abused girls, drew obscene pictures, lied “about
everything,” despised authority, and was the ringleader of a
group of rowdies. The young Lennon was also very cruel. He
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tried to frighten old people and made fun of those who were
crippled or deformed.
The new music called rock & roll fit his licentious lifestyle.
Later Lennon described himself as “a weird, psychotic kid
covering up my insecurity with a macho façade” (Giuliano,
Lennon in America, p. 2).
The other Beatles were also juvenile rowdies, if not
outright delinquents. Even as a young teenager, Paul
McCartney “became about the most sexually precocious boy
of his year.” Paul stole things and drew dirty pictures. They
rebelled against their fathers and other authority figures.
Ringo’s first job was as a bartender on a ferryboat. He was
also a thief and a truant during his youth. Even George
Harrison, the “only one whose family background was
normal and undramatic,” rebelled against the way his father
wanted him to act and dress. He later testified: “Going in for
flash clothes, or at least trying to be a bit different … was part
of the rebelling. I never cared for authority” (Hunter Davies,
The Beatles, p. 39). Harrison was in frequent trouble at
school. When they began playing together in bands in their
teenage years, they played in wicked places such as strip
joints. They testified that they “got drunk a lot” and “had a lot
of girls” (Hunter Davies, The Beatles, p. 77).
The Beatles were a product of 1950s American rock & roll.
They listened to Radio Luxembourg’s weekend broadcasts of
rockabilly and blues hits by Bill Haley, Fats Domino. Carl
Perkins, and other fathers of rock music.
Lennon called Elvis Presley “the guru we’d been waiting
for” and “the Messiah” (Bob Spitz, The Beatles, p. 41). Lennon
said that “nothing really affected me until Elvis.” McCartney
said: “[Elvis] was the biggest kick. Every time I felt low I just
put on an Elvis and I’d feel great, beautiful.” Ringo said, “Elvis
changed my life.”
They formed a rock band called the Quarrymen in the
mid-1950s. By late 1957, the band included Lennon,
Harrison, and McCartney, plus other young men on bass and
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drums. They combed their hair and dressed like Elvis and
played rhythm & blues and Chuck Berry/Little Richard/Elvis
type music. The group changed its name to the Silver Beetles
in 1960, then simply to the Beatles, referring to the beat of
their music. “John Lennon changed the name to Beatles to
accent the drive of their music, the BEAT” (H.T. Spence,
Confronting Contemporary Christian Music, p. 78).
Drummer Ringo Starr joined the group in 1962 just before
they recorded their first single.
By 1963, “Beatlemania” was raging in England, and by
1964, the Beatles had leaped to international fame when “I
Want to Hold Your Hand” skyrocketed to the top of the
charts in the United States and they appeared on the Ed
Sullivan Show. By April of that year the Beatles had the top
five best-selling singles in America.
The Beatles set the tone for rock music and for the hippie
youth culture in the 1960s until the band broke up in 1969.
They led a generation of rebellious youth from marijuana to
acid to “free sex” to eastern religion to revolution and liberal
political/social activism. David Noebel observes: “The Beatles
set trends, and their fans followed their lead. They were the
vanguard of an entire generation who grew long hair, smoked
grass, snorted coke, dropped acid, and lived for rock ‘n’ roll.
They were the ‘cool’ generation” (The Legacy of John Lennon,
p. 43).
The Beatles and Immorality
Ringo reported, “We got drunk a lot. You couldn’t help it.
We had a lot of girls. We soon realized that they were easy to
get” (TV Guide, July 29, 1978, p. 21). McCartney said: “We
didn’t all get into music for a job! We got into it to avoid a job,
in truth—and get lots of girls.” Lennon’s 21st birthday party
was “a huge drunken noisy orgy” (Hunter Davies, The Beatles,
p. 177).
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Lennon called marriage a “stupid scene” and a mere “bit of
paper.” He frequented prostitutes even in his teenage years,
living in immorality before he was married, and then in
adulterous relationships during his two marriages. His first
wife, Cynthia, was pregnant when he finally married her in a
clandestine ceremony in August 1962. No parents attended
and the other band members dressed in black. On their
wedding night, John hurried away for a performance. Of that
first marriage, an acquaintance said, “John had no shame. He
acted as if he were still a bachelor--even after the baby
came” (Bob Spitz, The Beatles, p. 394).
Lennon and Yoko Ono lived together for a year while he
was still married to Cynthia and Ono was married to an
American filmmaker. When Cynthia returned from a
vacation in Greece, she found Ono living with her husband in
her own home. Ono was still married to another man when
she announced that she was expecting a baby by Lennon. The
mocking Two Virgins album cover featured the nude photos
of Lennon and Ono on the front and back. (The album,
which had no songs, was composed of sound effects and
random voices.) Ono had been married several times and
had a number of abortions before her alliance with Lennon.
Lennon said, “… intellectually, we knew marriage was a
stupid scene, but we’re romantic and square as well as hip and
aware. We lived together for a year before we got married, but
we were still tied to other people by a bit of paper” (Davies,
The Beatles). The two finally got married in March 1969. Ono
wore a short mini-skirt and sunglasses. On their honeymoon,
Lennon and Ono spent seven days in a public bed in
Amsterdam, “to protest violence.” Later Lennon spent 18
months with his and Yoko’s secretary, May Pang, while he was
married to Ono. Lennon was also involved in an adulterous
relationship with the wife of the Beatles’ manager, Malcolm
Evans (Giuliano, p. 107). Before he died, Lennon was
addicted to pornographic movies.
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After a long time of immoral partying, Ringo Starr married
Maureen Starkey Tigrett in 1965. She was already pregnant
with his child when he proposed to her after a night of
drinking. In 1975, they went through a “rather messy,
acrimonious divorce.” George Harrison had announced that
he was in love with Ringo’s wife, and Ringo, for his part,
admitted that he had an adulterous affair with actress Nancy
Andrews. After the divorce, Ringo “started a wandering life.”
In 1981, he married American actress and former Playboy
model Barbara Bach.
George Harrison lived with Pattie Boyd before they were
married in January 1966. In 1970, Eric Clapton wrote the
famous rock love song, “Layla,” in honor of another man’s
wife, as the woman Clapton was illicitly “in love” with was
Harrison’s wife, Pattie. By 1973, Patti began living with with
Clapton. Harrison and Pattie were finally divorced in 1977,
and she married Clapton in 1979, but that marriage only
lasted a few years. Harrison married Olivia Trinidad Arias in
1978, one month after their son, Dhani, was born. Harrison
also had an adulterous affair with Ringo Starr’s wife Maureen.
Paul McCartney lived with Jane Asher for many years. She
told the press: “I certainly don’t object to people having
children when they are not married, and I think it is quite
sensible to live together before you are married” (David
Noebel, The Marxist Minstrels, p. 92). McCartney and Asher
became engaged in January 1968, but she called it off after
discovering his affair with an American woman. McCartney
also lived with Linda Eastman before they were married in
March 1969. She was four months pregnant at the time of the
marriage, her second. Eastman died in 1998, and McCartney
married Heather Mills in 2002 (divorced 2008) and Nancy
Shevell in 2011.
George Harrison promised reporters that the Beatles
would not be afraid to use any four-letter words in their
songs. In fact, obscenities are quite common in Beatles’
compositions (Noebel, The Marxist Minstrels, pp. 104, 92).
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The Beatles manager, BRIAN EPSTEIN, was a
homosexual. After hearing the Beatles in a London pub, he
became obsessed with making John Lennon his lover. Two
years after the Beatles’ wildly successful 1964 America tour,
Lennon accompanied Epstein to Barcelona, Spain, for a
weekend that possibly included homosexual activity (Hunter
Davies, The Beatles, introduction to the 1985 edition).
Biographer Geoffrey Giuliano, who had access to Lennon’s
diaries, concluded that there was “a pronounced homosexual
element in Lennon’s makeup” (Lennon in America, p. 13).
During his last days, Epstein was constantly in the depths
of depression, living on pills, having tantrums with his staff
and closest friends over petty things” (Hunter Davies, The
Beatles, introduction to the 1985 edition). He was also
involved in extremely sordid homosexual alliances, even
hiring tough guys to beat him up. Before signing as the
Beatles’ manager, he had been arrested for solicitation in a
public restroom or park.
Epstein died in 1967 at age 37 of a drug overdose. The
death, from a cumulative effect of bromide in the drug
Carbitral, was ruled accidental, but he had attempted suicide
once before. Two other drugs were found in his body. One
month before his death, homosexuality had been
decriminalized in England.
The Beatles and Drugs
Testifying before the U.S. House Select Committee on
Crime, popular family entertainer Art Linkletter, who lost a
child to drug abuse, referred to the Beatles as the “leading
missionaries of the acid society” (Crime in America—Illicit
and Dangerous Drugs, October 1969). Media researcher Brian
Key observed: “The Beatles became the super drug culture
prophets … of all time” (Media Sexploitation, 1976, p. 136).
The student newspaper for the University of Wisconsin noted
that the Beatles have “proselytized the use of drugs so subtly
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that words and conceptions once only common to drug users
are found in sentences of teeny-boppers and statesmen
alike” (Daily Cardinal, Dec. 3, 1968, p. 5, cited by David
Noebel, The Legacy of John Lennon, p. 63).
Lennon said, “We were smoking dope, drinking wine and
generally being rock & rollers. ... It was party time” (Bob
Spitz, The Beatles, p. 536). A friend of Lennon’s said, “John
told me that there had never been a day in his life when he
didn’t feel he needed some kind of drug” (Spitz, p. 393).
Beatles biographer Bob Spitz says that in the studio they
were stoned “most of the time” and during the filming of the
movie Help they “were so stoned they couldn’t remember
lines” (The Beatles: The Biography, pp. 551, 602). By the end of
their career as The Beatles “LSD permeated every aspect of
their lives” (Spitz, p. 671).
The Beatles began taking drugs during their earliest band
days before they became popular. Lennon claimed that he
had been on pills since he was 17 and soon after turned to
pot. He said: “I have always needed a drug to survive. The
others, too, but I always had more, more pills, more of
everything because I am more crazy, probably” (Noebel, The
Marxist Minstrels, p. 111).
As a band, The Beatles started by taking slimming pills to
stay awake during long performances. They were high on
“prellies,” a form of speed called Phenmetrazine and
marketed as Preludin. John Lennon was so out of control one
night, that “when a customer over-enthusiastically
approached the stage, he kicked him in the head twice, then
grabbed a steak knife from a table and threw it at the
man” (Harry Shapiro, Waiting for the Man, p. 107).
Many of the Beatles’ songs were about drugs. These include
“Strawberry Fields Forever,” “Day Tripper,” “Yellow
Submarine,” “Help,” “Cold Turkey,” “Glass Onion,” “I Am the
Walrus,” and “Penny Lane.” (The Beatles have admitted that
these are drug songs.) BBC removed the Beatles’ song “A Day
in the Life” from the air because of its drug implications.
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Their 1967 Sgt. Pepper’s album heralded the drug revolution
in America (“Approbation on Drug Usage in Rock and Roll
Music,” U.N. Bulletin on Narcotics, Oct.-Dec. 1969, p. 35;
David Noebel, The Legacy of John Lennon, pp. 56,58). Time
magazine reported that Sgt. Pepper’s was “drenched in
drugs” (Sept. 22, 1967, p. 62). The album “galvanized the acid
subculture and gave LSD an international platform” (Waiting
for the Man, p. 145). On the Sgt. Pepper’s album Ringo Starr
sang, “I get high with a little help from my friends.” The
members of the Beatles later openly admitted that the album
was “a drug album” (James Miller, Flowers in the Dustbin: The
Rise of Rock & Roll, p. 253).
Sgt. Pepper’s was hugely influential, one of the best-selling
albums of rock history. The London Times’ theater critic
Kenneth Tynan observed that the Beatles’ Sgt. Pepper’s album
was “a decisive moment in the history of Western
civilization.”
Lennon admitted that he began taking LSD in 1964 and
that “it went on for years. I must have had a thousand trips …
a thousand. I used to just eat it all the time” (Rolling Stone,
Jan. 7, 1971, p. 39; cited by Jann Wenner, Lennon Remembers,
p. 76). John Lennon read Timothy Leary’s book The
Psychedelic Experience in 1966, after Paul McCartney took
him to the Indica, a hip New Age bookshop in London. He
wrote the songs “Come Together” and “Give Peace a Chance”
for Leary. Lennon wrote “Tomorrow Never Knows” after
taking LSD.
Lennon told a Rolling Stone interviewer that there were “a
lot of obvious LSD things in the music.” Lennon said, “God
isn’t in a pill, but LSD explained the mystery of life. It was a
religious experience.”
In an interview with Playboy, Lennon said the Beatles
smoked marijuana for breakfast and were so stoned that they
were “just all glazed eyes.” The Beatles took out a full-page ad
in the London Times (June 1967), calling for the legalization
of marijuana. In 1969, Lennon said: “If people can’t face up to
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the fact of other people being naked or smoking pot … then
we’re never going to get anywhere” (Penthouse, Oct. 1969, p.
29, cited in Noebel, The Legacy of John Lennon, p. 66). Paul
McCartney told Life magazine that he was “deeply committed
to the possibilities of LSD as a universal cure-all.” He went on
to say, “After I took it, it opened my eyes. We only use onetenth of our brain. Just think what all we could accomplish if
we could only tap that hidden part. It would mean a whole
new world. If politicians would use LSD, there would be no
more war, poverty or famine” (Life, June 16, 1967, p. 105).
In 1968, Lennon and Yoko Ono were arrested for
marijuana possession. The drug conviction nearly cost
Lennon the right to live in the United States. In April 1969,
George Harrison and his wife, Patti, were arrested at their
home and charged with possession of 120 joints of marijuana.
The drugs were found by a police dog. They pleaded guilty
and were fined. In 1972, Paul McCartney and his wife, Linda,
pleaded guilty to smuggling marijuana into Sweden. In 1973,
McCartney pleaded guilty to growing marijuana on his farm
in Scotland. McCartney’s wife was arrested in Los Angeles in
1975 for possession of marijuana. In 1980, McCartney was
arrested by customs officials at Tokyo International Airport
when nearly a half-pound of marijuana was discovered in his
suitcase. He was kicked out of Japan after being detained for
nine days. In 1984, McCartney and his wife, Linda, were
fined 70 pounds by Barbados magistrates for possession of
marijuana. A few days later, Linda McCartney was charged
again, for importing marijuana into Heathrow Airport.
Drugs were involved when Mel Evans, former Beatles road
manager, was shot to death by police in 1976 during an
argument involving a rifle. His girlfriend had called the
police and told them that Mel had taken Valium and was
“totally messed up,” and when he allegedly made threatening
gestures with the gun, they shot him. The rifle was not
loaded. He was in his 40s.
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From a biblical perspective it is obvious that the rebellion
and heavy drug usage brought the Beatles into communion
with demons and that their music was written under this
influence. Consider this description of how John Lennon and
Paul McCartney wrote their music:
“Into the night, stretching almost until dawn, the two
most important songwriters of their generation
hallucinated like madmen, staring inscrutably into each
other’s eyes--‘the eye contact thing we used to do,’ Paul
called it--and communing with the unknown. He
imagined they ‘dissolve[d] into each other’ and
envisioned John as ‘a king, the absolute Emperor of
Eternity’” (Bob Spitz, The Beatles, pp. 672, 673).
The “unknown” they were communing with is identified by
the Bible. It is the “darkness of this world” that is ruled over
by “principalities and powers” led by the devil (Ephesians
6:12). He is called “the prince of the power of the air, the
spirit that now worketh in the children of
disobedience” (Ephesians 2:2).
The Beatles and Revolution
The Beatles promoted the revolutionary overthrow of
authority in songs such as “Revolution No. 9,” “Working
Class Hero,” “Back in the USSR,” “Power to the People,”
“Sometime in New York City,” “Give Peace a Chance,”
“Bloody Sunday” (which called British police “Anglo pigs”),
“Attica State” (“now’s the time for revolution”),
“Angela” (which glorified communist Angela Davis), and
“Piggies.”
Lennon performed at anti-America rallies and called upon
America to leave Vietnam to the communists. He said: “I
really thought that love would save us. But now I’m wearing a
Chairman Mao badge, that’s where it’s at. I’m just beginning
to think he’s doing a good job” (cited by Jann Wenner,
Lennon Remembers, p. 86). We wonder why Lennon didn’t
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move to China to live in Mao’s paradise instead of relocating
to that terrible place called America?
Lennon gave the violent Students for Democratic Society
(SDS) $5,000, hoping it would assist those who were being
sought by police for bombings. Though Lennon later
characterized his radicalism as “phony” and motivated by
guilt for his wealth (Newsweek, Sept. 29, 1980, p. 77), “its
effect was deadly real” (Noebel, The Marxist Minstrels, p. 78).
The Times characterized the Beatles movie “A Hard Day’s
Night” as an “exercise in anarchy.”
Lennon said, “I like a riot” (Spitz, The Beatles, p. 522). Even
as early as the beginning of 1961, before they became
international rock stars, the Beatles experienced rioting at
their concerts. “In most places the appearance ended in riots,
especially when Paul sang ‘Long Tall Sally,’ a standard rock
number but done with tremendous beat and excitement.
They were beginning to realize the effect they could have on
an audience and often made the most of it, until things got
out of hand. Paul says that some of the early ballrooms were
terrifying” (Hunter Davies, The Beatles, p. 94). The Beatles
fans used fire extinguishers on each other at the Hambledone
Hall. Paul McCartney said: “When we played ‘Hully Gully,’
that used to be one of the tunes which ended in fighting.” Neil
Aspinall, the road manager for the Beatles, testified that “they
were beginning to cause riots everywhere.” A British rock fan
magazine of that time observed that the reason for the
violence was that the Beatles “symbolised the rebellion of
youth.”
When the Beatles broke into international fame, the rioting
became even worse. Bob Spitz observes that “there was no
precedent for the kind of mayhem the Beatles provoked” (The
Beatles, p. 520). The concert at Shea Stadium in New York
City in August 1965 was described as “mass hysteria.” The
New York Times reporter said the sound from the crowd
“crossed the line from enthusiasm into hysteria and was soon
in the area of the classic Greek meaning of the word
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pandemonium--the region of all demons” (Spitz, p. 577).
Even Mick Jagger of the Rolling Stones described it as
“frightening.”
At the San Francisco concert that month, a security guard
was knocked unconscious by a Coke bottle, and the show was
stopped midway so that police could rescue a pregnant
woman who was being trampled (Spitz, p. 583). In
Vancouver, British Columbia, a police inspector said, “These
people have lost all ability to think.” One hundred and sixty
girls required medical attention (Spitz, p. 524). A policeman
in Adelaide, Australia, described the scene as “frightening,
chaotic, and rather inhuman” (Spitz, p. 510). When they
arrived back in England from their first overseas tour, a
crowd of thousands of teenagers “went on a rampage through
Heathrow Airport, bending steel crash barriers and
demolishing car roofs as if they were made of tinfoil” (Spitz,
p. 486).
The British parliament discussed “the thousands of extra
policemen all around the country who were being made to
d o e x t r a , and d ange rou s , dut y b e c au s e of t he
Beatles” (Davies, The Beatles, p. 184). During the Beatles’ last
tour in the United States, the crowds surged forward and
viciously bashed in the roof of the limousine they thought the
Beatles were in. As it turned out, the band members had been
smuggled out in an ambulance.
The Beatles and Pagan Religion
In the summer of 1967, the four Beatles and other rock
stars, including Brian Jones and Mike Jagger of the Rolling
Stones, visited Guru Maharishi Mahesh Yogi during his trip
to North Wales and listened to the teachings that he called
the “Spiritual Regeneration Movement.” Maharishi claimed to
have a path of regeneration other than that of being born
again through faith in Jesus Christ. In 1968, the Beatles, along
with Donovan, Mia Farrow, Mike Love of the Beach Boys,
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and others, visited the Maharishi’s ashram on the banks of
the River Ganges in India to study Transcendental
Meditation (TM). Though some try to deny it, TM is a Hindu
practice and is based on the concept that the universe is God
and man can tap into God through mysticism. Maharishi
called TM “a path to God” and “the spontaneous flow of
knowledge.” The TM practitioner uses a mantra to put
himself into an altered state of consciousness.
The Beatles soon split with the Maharishi. One reason was
his suggestion that they turn over 25 percent of their income
to his work. Another was that they caught the guru eating
meat, which was not allowed to his disciples, and engaging in
acts of immorality with female disciples. Lennon composed a
song about the Maharishi entitled “Sexy Sadie,” claiming that
the guru had made a sexual advance on a female member of
their group.
The Beatles also had a central role in popularizing the Hare
Krishna movement in the West. In December 1966, Hindu
Swami Bhaktivedanta recorded an album of chanting titled
Krishna Consciousness. The recording was done in New York
City, where George Harrison had been participating in Hare
Krishna chanting sessions in Tompkins Square Park. He took
the album back to England and the Beatles ordered 100
copies of it. Soon after that, Harrison and Lennon sang the
Hare Krishna chant “for days” during a sailing trip through
the Greek islands. Harrison reminisced, “Like six hours we
sang, because we couldn’t stop once we got going.”
In September 1969, at the invitation of the Beatles, the
Hindu Swami moved to England and set up shop at
Tittenhurst Park, an 80-acre estate owned by Lennon. Three
or four times a week he gave public lectures in a building at
the north end of the property, about 100 yards from the main
house, in which John and his second wife, Yoko, lived. A
Hindu altar was set up there and eventually the building was
called “the Temple.” The Swami, who took the impressive but
blasphemous title of His Divine Grace, founded the Hare
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Krishna movement. In June of 1969, Hare Krishna followers
sang with John and Yoko in Montreal, Canada, on the
recording of “Give Peace a Chance,” a song that would
become extremely influential. John and Yoko chanted “Hare
Krishna” on that song. “The Hare Krishna devotees had been
visiting with the Lennons for several days, discussing world
peace and self-realization” (Krishna web site, http://
introduction.Krishna.org/Articles/2000/08/00066.html). The
Lennons recorded the song to promote the Hindu concept of
world peace.
That same summer, George Harrison produced a hit single,
“The Hare Krishna Mantra,” which featured Hindus from the
London Radha-Krishna Temple. It rose to the Top Ten and
made the idolatrous Hare Krishna chant a household word in
the West. Harrison co-signed the lease on the first Hare
Krishna temple in London. He also gave them a mansion
outside London, which they made into an international
ashram, where hundreds of thousands of people have learned
about Hinduism in the heart of the old British Empire.
Harrison financed the publication of Krishna magazine and
put up $19,000 to print the first edition of the Krishna book
in 1970. In his introduction, Harrison said, “As GOD is
unlimited. HE has many Names. Allah-Buddha-JehovaRama: All are KRISHNA, all are ONE.”
By 1982, a leader in the Hare Krishna movement said it is
“growing like wildfire” and “Krishna consciousness has
certainly spread more in the last sixteen years than it has
since the sixteenth century” (interview with George Harrison
at the Hare Krishna web site). Today the complete works of
Prabhupada are in all the major colleges and universities of
the world. Millions upon millions of people have been
influenced to think more favorably of pagan gods because of
the Beatles.
Lennon continued to practice yoga. “If John’s energy level
and ambition were running high, a half hour or more of yoga
was next on the agenda. . . . Outside of walking, yoga was the
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only exercise he ever did. But spiritual rather than physical
reasons motivated him to continue meditating. . . . [He
believed yoga could help him achieve his greatest ambition,
which was] a state of spiritual perfection by following The
Way of The Masters: Jesus, Buddha, Mohammed, Krishna
and Gandhi. . . . John believed that if he meditated long and
hard enough, he’d merge with God and acquire psychic
powers, like clairvoyance and the ability to fly through the air.
And he wanted those powers as badly as he wanted
anything” (Robert Rosen, Nowhere Man, p. 18).
Lennon defined God in Hindu terms. In an interview with
the British newspaper The Daily Sketch, October 9, 1967,
Lennon was asked if he believed in “a superior force, a God?”
He replied:
“It’s an energy. I don’t and never did imagine God as one
thing. But now I can see God as a power source - or as
an energy. But you can’t see any kind of energy, only
track it on radar or things like that. You can be aware of
your own energy and all the energy that's around you.
All the energy is God. Your own energy and their
energy, whether doing god-like things or ungodly
things. It's all like one big jelly. We’re all in the big jelly.”
This is the Hindu concept that God is everything and
everything is God and evil and good are the same.
George Harrison continued to follow Hinduism until his
death. Harrison admitted to Rolling Stone magazine that the
drug LSD opened his mind to this pagan religion. “Although
up until LSD, I never realized that there was anything beyond
this state of consciousness. … I think for me it was definitely
LSD. The first time I took it, it just blew everything away. I
had such an overwhelming feeling of well-being, that there
was a God, and I could see him in every blade of
grass” (Rolling Stone, Nov. 5 - Dec. 10, 1987, p. 48). The
creator of LSD, Dr. Albert Hofman, also testified that the
hallucinogenic drug led him into Hindu meditation (Mark
Spaulding, The Heartbeat of the Dragon, p. 75).
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Harrison’s 1971 song “MY SWEET LORD,” which he
published the year following the breakup of the Beatles, is a
song of praise to the Hindu god Krishna. It mentions the long
process of achieving Nirvana through meditation and
mysticism. At the end of the song, there is a little ruse, when
the words “hallelujah, hallelujah, hallelujah” cunningly and
almost imperceptibly merge into “Hare Krishna, Hare
Krishna, Hare Rama.” Thus the song transforms from a form
of Christian praise to the praise of the Hindu god Krishna.
Harrison admitted that he did that to trick people. In his
1982 interview with the Hare Krishna organization he said, “I
wanted to show that Hallelujah and Hare Krishna are quite
the same thing. I did the voices singing ‘Hallelujah’ and then
the change to ‘Hare Krishna’ so that people would be
chanting the maha-mantra before they knew what was going
on! ... MY IDEA IN ‘MY SWEET LORD,’ BECAUSE IT
SOUNDED LIKE A ‘POP SONG,’ WAS TO SNEAK UP ON
THEM A BIT. The point was to have the people not offended
by ‘Hallelujah,’ and by the time it gets to ‘Hare Krishna,’
they’re already hooked, and their foot’s tapping, and they’re
already singing along ‘Hallelujah,’ to kind of lull them into a
sense of false security. And then suddenly it turns into ‘Hare
Krishna,” and they will all be singing that before they know
what’s happened, and they will think, ‘Hey, I thought I wasn’t
supposed to like Hare Krishna! . . . IT WAS JUST A LITTLE
TRICK REALLY” (Harrison, Krishna web site, http://
introduction.Krishna.org/Articles/2000/08/00066.html).
The trick worked, because when it first came out many
Christians thought Harrison was glorifying the Lord of the
Bible. Harrison said, “Ten years later they’re still trying to
figure out what the words mean” (Ibid.).
The song was immensely popular. The album on which it
appeared, All Things Must Pass, was the top-selling album in
America for seven weeks straight. Another song on that
album, “Awaiting on You All,” also deals with Hinduism and
chanting.
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Harrison sang about Krishna in three other albums: Living
in the Material World (1973), Dark Horse (1974), and
Somewhere in England (1982). Living in the Material World
had the lyrics: “I hope to get out of this place/ By the Lord Sri
Krishna’s grace/ My salvation from the material world.” The
album cover contained a photo of the Hindu god Krishna and
promoted the Bhagavad-gita, the Hindu scriptures. During
his 1974 concerts in America, Harrison led audiences in the
Hare Krishna mantra. In 1987, Harrison testified that
Hinduism was still a part of his life. “I still believe the
purpose of our life is to get God-realization. There’s a science
that goes with that, the science of self-realization. It’s still very
much a part of my life, but it’s sort of very personal, very
private” (People, Oct. 19, 1987, p. 64).
The song “Tomorrow Never Knows” was inspired by John
Lennon’s “drug-addled readings” from the occultic Tibetan
Book of the Dead (Robert Seay, Stairway to Heaven, p. 140).
The lyrics say: “Turn off your mind relax and float
downstream. It is not dying. It is not dying. Lay down all
thoughts, surrender to the void. It is shining. It is shining.
That you may see the meaning of within. It is being. It is
being.”
Lennon was strongly influenced by Van Gogh and Marcel
Duchamp, depraved artists and philosophers who taught that
life is meaningless. “These men were the textbook teachers of
Lennon when he attended the Liverpool Art School. Both he
and Yoko Ono were much involved in avant-garde art, and
their music certainly reveals this fact” (H.T. Spence,
Confronting Contemporary Christian Music, p. 41). In 1965,
Lennon was asked, “What will you do when Beatlemania
subsides?” He replied: “I don’t suppose I think much about
the future. I don’t really [care]. Though now we’ve made it, it
would be a pity to get bombed. It’s selfish, but I don’t care too
much about humanity--I’m an escapist. Everybody’s always
drumming on about the future but I’m not letting it interfere
219
with my laughs, if you see what I mean” (Seay, Stairway to
Heaven, p. 128).
Lennon and Yoko Ono were fascinated by the occult. He
purchased entire sections of occult literature in bookstores
(Gary Patterson, Hellhounds on Their Trail, p. 181). Occultist
John Green was hired by Yoko Ono in 1974 to be her tarot
card reader. “As time went on he became Lennon’s advisor,
confidant and friend. Until October 1980, he worked closely
with them. They did everything according to ‘the cards.’ He
advised them on all of their business transactions and
investments, even to the point of how to handle the problems
Lennon was having with Apple, the Beatles record
company” (Song Magazine, February 1984, p. 16, cited by
More Rock, Country & Backward Masking Unmasked, p. 105).
“People were hired and fired based on the findings of the
tarot card reader, Charlie Swan; the Council of Seers, an
assortment of freelance astrologers, psychics and
directionalists; and Yoko’s own consultations with the zodiac
and Book of Numbers” (Robert Rosen, Nowhere Man, p. 38).
Yoko followed the Asian philosophy of katu-tugai, which
combined numerology with cartography. According to the
tenets of katu-tugai, traveling in a westerly direction ensures
good luck. In 1977, Yoko spent a week in South America
studying magic with a seven-foot-tall Columbian witch, who
was paid $60,000 to teach Yoko how to cast spells. “The
Lennons saw magic as both an instrument of crisis
management and the ideal weapon” (Rosen, p. 62). They cast
magic spells against their opponents in lawsuits (Geoffrey
Giuliano, Lennon in America, p. 119) and even against Paul
and Linda McCartney when they simply wanted to visit the
Lennons in 1980 (p. 208).
Lennon believed in UFOs, and he religiously read the
tabloid reports on these. He claimed to have seen a UFO
hovering over the East River in 1974, and his song “Nobody
Told Me,” which appeared on his Milk and Honey album, was
about UFOs over New York. Lennon was fascinated with a
220
book called The Lost Spear of Destiny, which was about the
spear used to pierce the side of Jesus Christ when He was on
the cross. Lennon fantasized about finding the spear. When
asked what he would do with it if he found it, Lennon replied
that he could do anything in the universe (Giuliano, p. 81).
Lennon and Yoko participated in séances, and Yoko
believed that she was a reincarnation of a 3,000-year-old
Persian mummy that she had purchased in Switzerland
(Giuliano, p. 157). She collected Egyptian artifacts, believing
they possessed magical powers.
Yoko Ono believed the Hindu myth that a son born on his
father’s birthday inherits his soul when the father dies. Thus,
they arranged to have their son, Sean, delivered by cesarean
on Lennon’s 35th birthday, October 9, 1975 (Gary Patterson,
Hellhounds on Their Trail: Tales from the Rock ‘n’ Roll
Graveyard, p. 183). Yoko “was convinced the baby would be a
messiah who would one day change the world” (Giuliano, p.
101).
Lennon and Yoko’s prognosticators frequently gave false
predictions. When Yoko was pregnant, I Ching predicted the
baby was a girl; but it was actually a boy (Giuliano, p. 88). In
1976, Yoko’s psychic advisers suggested that Lennon should
not resume his musical career until 1982, but he died two
years before that (Giuliano, p. 108). A psychic Yoko consulted
in 1977 in Rome predicted that Lennon would become
musically productive again in 1980 and that this phase would
last two years, but Lennon died in 1980 (Giuliano, p. 144). In
1979, only a year before Lennon’s death, Yoko’s advisers
forecast that she and John would have two more children
(Giuliano, p. 192).
The Beatles were immensely influential in promoting oneworld, New Age thought. In 1967, for example, their song “All
You Need Is Love” (referring not to the love of God through
Jesus Christ or to love defined biblically, but to a vague
humanistic “love”) was broadcast to more than 150 million
people via a television program called Our World.
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After his wife Linda’s death, Paul McCartney told the press
that he was committed to “fate.” He said: “The Beatles had an
expression: something will happen. That’s about as far as I get
with philosophy. There’s no point mapping out next year. Fate
is much more magical” (Paul McCartney, USA Today, Oct.
15, 1999, p. 8E).
The Beatles and the Occult
The Beatles had a fascination with the anti-christ occultist
Aleister Crowley.
Crowley brazenly rejected the Bible and Jesus Christ.
“That religion they call Christianity; the devil they
honor they call God. I accept these definitions, as a poet
must do, if he is to be at all intelligible to his age, and it
is their God and their religion that I hate and will
destroy. ... I do not wish to argue that the doctrines of
Jesus, they and they alone, have degraded the world to
its present condition. I take it that Christianity is not
only the cause but the symptom of slavery” (Crowley,
The World’s Tragedy, pp. xxx, xxxix).
Crowley’s own mother referred to him as “The Great Beast
of Revelation whose number is 666,” and he was pleased with
the title.
The Sunday Express called him “one of the most sinister
figures of modern times” and charged him with being “a drug
fiend, an author of vile books, the spreader of obscene
practices.”
Crowley has had a great influence on rock & roll. The
International Times voted Crowley “the unsung hero of the
hippies.”
This is because of Crowley’s licentious lifestyle and antiGod, anti-law philosophy, which he summarized as follows:
“Do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the law.”
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Crowley was one of characters who appeared on the cover
of the Beatles’ Sgt. Pepper’s album, and they testified that
these were their “heroes.”
John Lennon said that “the whole Beatle idea was to do
what you want … do what thou wilst, as long as it doesn’t
hurt somebody” (Lennon, cited by David Sheff, The Playboy
Interviews with John Lennon and Yoko Ono, p. 61).
Paul McCartney’s 2013 hit song “New” preached Crowley’s
lie:
“We can do what we want; we can live as we choose. See
there’s no guarantee; we’ve got nothing to lose” (“New,”
Paul McCartney, 2013).
Lennon’s Self-Centeredness
The man who sang about love (“all you need is love”) and
peace (“give peace a chance”) was actually noncompassionate, self-centered, and violent. His biographers
speak of “the infamous Lennon temper.” He frequently flew
into rages, screaming, smashing things, hitting people. He
admitted, “I was a hitter. I couldn’t express myself and I hit. I
fought men and I beat women” (Giuliano, Lennon in
America, p. 20).
On one adulterous weekend fling with his secretary, May
Pang, Lennon “accused her of cheating on him, and flew into
a r a g e , t r a s h i n g t h e r o o m a n d t r a mp l i n g h e r
eyeglasses” (Giuliano, p. 16). Lennon admitted: “I was a very
jealous, possessive guy. A very insecure male. A guy who
wants to put his woman in a little box and only bring her out
when he feels like playing with her” (Giuliano, p. 16).
When the owner of a nightclub said something that upset
Lennon, he “beat the poor man mercilessly” (Giuliano, p. 8).
At a party in California in 1973, Lennon “went berserk,
hurling a chair out the window, smashing mirrors, heaving a
TV against the wall, and screaming nonsense about film
director Roman Polanski being to blame” (Giuliano, p. 57).
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During the recording of his Rock ‘n’ Roll album, Lennon “was
so out of control he began to kick the windows out of the car
and later trashed the house” (Giuliano, p. 59).
Lennon confided to a friend, “I’ve always wondered what it
would be like to kill a woman, many women! It was only
becoming a Beatle that saved me from actually doing
it” (Giuliano, p. 20). When Yoko was pregnant with their son
(Sean Ono Taro Lennon), John Lennon once kicked her in
the stomach during an explosive confrontation; Lennon later
hit the young Sean, even kicking him once in a restaurant
(Giuliano, pp. 111, 138). In 1979, Lennon flew into a rage and
trashed his apartment while “filling the air with a stream of
profane invective” (Giuliano, p. 179).
As for love, even Lennon’s celebrated relationship with
Yoko Ono was filled with everything but love. After 1971,
“John and Yoko’s great love was pretty much a public charade
designed to help prop up their often flickering
careers” (Giuliano, p. 147). In 1972, the Sunday Mirror
described John Lennon and Yoko Ono as “one of the saddest,
loneliest couples in the world . . . two people who have
everything that adds up to nothing.” On their 10th wedding
anniversary in 1979, Lennon thought Yoko was mocking him
when she gave him a sentimental little poem referring to him
as the ruler of their kingdom, and he flew into a selfish rage
when she gave him an expensive pearl-and-diamond ring,
claiming that “she never got him what he really wanted.”
After that, Lennon retreated to his room and fell into a
narcotic-induced slumber.
After Lennon’s death, his son Julian (the son by his first
wife) perceptively asked: “How can you talk about peace and
love and have a family in bits and pieces, no communication,
adultery, divorce?” (Giuliano, p. 220).
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Lennon’s Near Insanity
There were many evidences of insanity during Lennon’s
final years. In the early 1970s, Lennon and Yoko underwent
psychological therapy at the Primal Institute in California.
Dr. Janov testified: “John was simply not functioning. He
really needed help” (Giuliano, Lennon in America, p. 18). The
therapy consisted of giving oneself over to hysterical
outbursts in an attempt to purge the psyche. Lennon would
scream and wail, weep, and roll on the floor.
“John eventually confessed to several dark sexual impulses:
he wanted to be spanked or whipped and he was drawn to the
notion of having a spiked boot heel driven into him. ... Later
in his life, John gathered together a collection of S&Minspired manikins, which he kept tucked away in the bowels
of the Dakota. These dummies, adorned with whips and
chains, also had their hands and feet manacled. John’s violent
sexual impulses troubled Yoko” (Giuliano, p. 19).
Lennon was plagued by nightmares from which he awoke
in terror (Giuliano, pp. 83, 137, 142).
Lennon was obsessed with his weight and when he found
himself overeating, he would hide in the master bedroom and
force himself to vomit (Giuliano, p. 92).
After the couple moved into the Dakota apartments in
New York City in 1973, Lennon spent most of the time
locked indoors. He referred to himself as Greta Hughes,
referring to Greta Garbo and Howard Hughes, famous
recluses. “More and more, the increasingly reclusive Lennon
began to shun his friends. ... Lennon’s anxieties were rapidly
getting the better of him. ... Everybody’s working-class hero
was sliding steadily into a morass of hopelessness and
solemnity” (Giuliano, pp. 84, 97, 105). He “quietly slipped
into a dark hibernation,” spending entire days in bed
(Giuliano, p. 129).
To help him conquer his $700 per day heroin habit, Yoko
introduced him to a form of therapy involving self-hypnosis
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and “past-life regression.” He thought he was actually
traveling back into his past lives. In one session he discovered
that he had been a Neanderthal man. In another, he was
involved in the Crusades during the Dark Ages.
Lennon was so paranoid that when he visited Hong Kong
in 1976, he did not leave his suite for three days. He thought
he had multiple personalities, and he would lie down and
imagine that his various personalities were in other parts of
the room talking to him. “In doing so, Lennon was in such a
state of mind that the slightest noise or shadow would terrify
him” (Giuliano, p. 122). When he went out into the crowds he
would hear “a cacophony of terrible voices in his head” which
filled him with terror. When he returned to New York, he
became a virtual hermit, “retreating to his room, sleeping his
days away, mindlessly standing at the window watching the
rain. Once Yoko found him staring off into space groaning
that there was no place he could go where he didn’t feel
abandoned and isolated…” (Giuliano, p. 142).
In 1978, Lennon “locked himself into his pristine, whitebricked, white-carpeted Dakota bedroom. Lying on the bed,
he chain-smoked Gitane cigarettes and stared blankly at his
giant television, while the muted phone at his side was lit by
calls he never took. . . . he stayed in a dark room with the
curtains drawn…” (Giuliano, pp. 173, 174).
By 1979, at age 39, “John Lennon was already an old man
haunted by his past and frightened by the future” (Giuliano,
Lennon in America, p. 177). He swung radically “from snappy
impatience to bouts of uncontrolled weeping” and could only
sleep with the aid of narcotics. Yoko talked Lennon into
visiting their Virginia farm in 1979, but he became so
paranoid and shaken from the brief excursion into the public
(they rode a train) that when they arrived back at their home
in New York he “erupted violently, reducing the apartment to
a shambles.” The man who is acclaimed as the towering
genius behind the Beatles had “all but lost his creative drive
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and confessed he’d sunk so low he had even become terrified
of composing” (Giuliano, p. 130).
The Beatles’ Blasphemy
Their press officer, Derek Taylor, testified: “They’re [the
Beatles] completely anti-Christ. I mean, I am anti-Christ as
well, but they’re so anti-Christ they shock me which isn’t an
easy thing” (Saturday Evening Post, August 8-15, 1964, p. 25).
That same year Paul McCartney stated, “We probably seem to
be anti-religious ... none of us believes in God.”
We have seen that by age 11, John Lennon was
permanently barred from Sunday services in his aunt’s
Anglican congregation because he “repeatedly improvised
obscene and impious lyrics to the hymns.” He did things even
cruder and viler than that, such as urinate on members of the
“clergy” from second floor windows and display homemade
dummies of Christ in lewd poses.
In 1966, Lennon created a furor by claiming: “Christianity
will go, it will vanish and shrink. I needn’t argue about that.
I’m right and will be proved right. ... We’re more popular than
Jesus now” (Newsweek, March 21, 1966). Though he claimed
that he was misunderstood and gave a half-hearted apology
(after learning that his remarks might financially jeopardize
their United States tour), it is obvious what the head Beatle
thought about Christianity.
In his 1965 book A Spaniard in the Works, which was
published by Simon and Schuster, Lennon portrayed Jesus
Christ as Jesus El Pifico, a “garlic eating, stinking little yellow,
greasy fascist bastard Catholic Spaniard.” In this wicked book,
Lennon blasphemed the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit by
calling them “Fahter, Sock, and Mickey Most.”
Lennon’s 1970 album, Plastic Ono Band, contained two
anti-christ songs. On “I Found Out,” Lennon sang, “I told you
before, stay away from my door. Don’t give me that brother,
brother, brother, brother. . . . There ain’t no Jesus gonna come
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from the sky.” In the song “God,” Lennon boldly said, “I don't
believe in magic. I don't believe in Bible. I don't believe in
tarot. I don't believe in Jesus. I just believe in me. Yoko and
me. That’s reality.”
George Harrison financed Monty Python’s vile and
blasphemous Life of Brian, which even Newsweek magazine
described as “irreverent.” Time magazine called it an “intense
assault on religion” (Sept. 17, 1979, p. 101).
Paul McCartney described himself and the other Beatles as
“four iconoclastic, brass-hard, post-Christian, pragmatic
realists” (Time, Sept. 5, 1968, p. 60).
The anti-christ occultist Aliester Crowley’s photo appeared
on the Beatles’ Sargent Pepper’s album cover, and the Beatles
testified that the characters on the album were their “heroes.”
John Lennon explained to Playboy magazine that “the whole
Beatles idea was to do what you want … do what thou wilst,
as long as it doesn’t hurt somebody” (Lennon, cited by David
Sheff, The Playboy Interviews with John Lennon and Yoko
Ono, p. 61). This was precisely what Crowley taught.
Lennon claimed that the Beatles knew exactly what they
wanted to do. “We know what we are because we know what
we’re doing. … There were very few things that happened to
the Beatles that weren’t really well thought out by us whether
to do it or not” (Rolling Stone, Feb. 12, 1976, p. 92).
Lennon’s Flirtation with Christianity
In 1977, Lennon made a short-lived profession of faith in
Christ while watching television evangelists. (This
information was published in two different books—Robert
Rosen, Nowhere Man: The Final Days of John Lennon and
Geoffrey Giuliano, Lennon in America).
Lennon began to use expressions like “Praise the Lord” and
“Thank you, Jesus”; attended some church services; wrote a
never-released song entitled “You Saved My Soul”; took his
son, Sean, to a Christian theater performance; called The 700
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Club help line to request prayer for his troubled marriage;
and tried to get Yoko Ono interested in Christianity. (Her
first husband, Anthony Cox, had become a Christian in the
1970s, but she wanted nothing to do with it.)
Even though he briefly professed faith in Christ, Lennon
did not turn from his occultism. He continued to perform
magical rites, consult the horoscope and prognosticators, and
celebrate Buddha’s birthday (Giuliano, p. 133).
Lennon’s repentance-less Christian profession lasted only a
few weeks. When two missionaries confronted Lennon with
fundamental doctrines of the Bible such as the deity of Christ
and a literal fall of man, he rejected this teaching (Giuliano, p.
134).
In 1979, Lennon wrote a song titled “Serve Yourself,” in
which he instructed his listeners: “You got to serve yourself/
Nobody gonna do it for you/ You may believe in devils/ You
may believe in laws/ But you know you’re gonna have to serve
yourself.”
In interviews in December 1980, just before his death, he
described his beliefs as “Zen Christian, Zen pagan, Zen
Marxist” or nothing at all (Steve Turner, “The Ballad of John
and Jesus,” Christianity Today, June 12, 2000, p. 86).
Lennon testified that he had never met a Christian who
wasn’t actually a sanctimonious hypocrite (Giuliano, p. 134).
Lennon also said that he did not believe in the JudeoChristian doctrine that God “is some other thing outside of
ourselves” (Spin, February 1987, p. 46). Thus to the very end
of his short life Lennon continued to lead his followers into
eternal destruction.
Lennon’s Death
Lennon was shot to death in December 1980 outside his
apartment building in New York City. He was 40 years old. In
an interview with Gannett News Service, Lennon’s murderer,
Mark David Chapman, testified of how he prepared for the
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crime: “Alone in my apartment back in Honolulu, I would
strip naked and put on Beatles records and pray to Satan to
give me the strength. … I prayed for demons to enter my
body to give me the power to kill” (interview with James
Gaines, People magazine, February and March 1987).
Chapman said that he heard voices telling him to murder
Lennon. He told psychic investigator Chip Coffey that he was
possessed by two demons (“With a Little Help from My
Friends: Did Demons Force Mark David Chapman to Murder
John Lennon,” Haunted Times Magazine, Winter 2007).
Just hours before he was killed, Lennon had posed naked
in a photo that was published on the cover of Rolling Stone
magazine.
At the beginning of the Beatles song “Come Together,”
Lennon mutters, “Shoot me.” One of the Beatles songs was
“Happiness Is a Warm Gun.” The lyrics are: “When I hold you
in my arms (Oh, yeah)/ And I feel my finger on your trigger
(Oh, yeah)/ I know nobody can do me no harm (Oh, yeah)/
Because happiness is a warm gun, bang, bang, shoot, shoot.”
Since Lennon’s death, Yoko Ono has attempted to contact
him. The cover to her album It’s Alright shows Yoko and her
son, Sean, standing in a park with a spirit form of Lennon
standing next to them. Lennon’s other son, Julian (his only
child by his first wife, Cynthia), claims in his song “Well, I
Don’t Know” that he has communicated with his dead father
(Muncy, The Role of Rock, p. 364).
When Lennon died, his estate was estimated to be worth
$275 million. In 2006 it was estimated at $775 million.
In summarizing the influence of John Lennon, rock
researcher David A. Noebel stated: “The present rock ‘n’ roll
scene, Lennon’s legacy, is one giant, multi-media portrait of
degradation—a sleazy world of immorality, venereal disease,
anarchy, nihilism, cocaine, heroin, marijuana, death,
Satanism, perversion, and orgies” (Noebel, The Legacy of John
Lennon, 1982, p. 15).
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Lennon released his hugely popular song “Imagine” in
1971. He described it as “an anti-religious, anti-nationalistic,
anti-conventional, anti-capitalistic song.” Note the
blasphemous words.
“Imagine there’s no heaven, it’s easy if you try/ No hell
below us, above only sky/ Imagine all the people living
for today. Imagine there’s no countries; it isn’t hard to
do/ Nothing to kill or die for, and no religion too/
Imagine all the people living in peace. Imagine no
possessions; I wonder if you can/ No need for greed or
hunger, a brotherhood of man/ Imagine all the people
sharing all the world.” Chorus. “You may say that I’m a
dreamer, but I’m not the only one/ And some day I hope
you’ll join us/ And the world will be as one” (“Imagine,”
John Lennon).
In an interview that appeared in the London Times, Yoko
Ono said, “The whole universe was made by words. In the
beginning there was a word--not ‘God’ but ‘love’” (“Leave the
McCartneys Alone,” Times, June 27, 2006, “Arts,” p. 18). Thus
Ono is desperately holding on to the atheism she shared with
Lennon.
The 2004 YouGov survey of people in Britain found that
only 44% believe in God, 33% in heaven, and 25% in hell.
Thus a whopping 75% have bought into Lennon’s dream.
Prior to the Beatles, 80% believed in God.
As for me, Lennon can have his dream. I believe there is a
holy, loving God and there is a heaven and there is a hell and
there is sin that separates man from God and there is a lovely
Saviour who died for my sins so I don’t have to go there.
After Lennon was murdered, a memorial to him was set up
in Central Park across from his apartment. Inscribed in the
heart of the memorial is the word “Imagine.” When a crowd
gathers every year to observe the anniversary of Lennon’s
death, they sing this anti-christ song.
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George Harrison’s Death
George Harrison died of throat cancer on November 29,
2001, at age 58, surrounded by old friends from the Hare
Krishna movement. Ravi Shankar, the famous Indian
musician who trained Harrison on the sitar in 1966, was with
Harrison the day before he died and said Harrison “looked so
peaceful” (“Harrison’s ashes to be spread in India,” Fox News,
Dec. 3, 2001). Guada Chandra Das of the International
Society for Krishna Consciousness told AFP that Harrison
died to the sound of “chanting and praying” (“Harrison had a
passion for East,” AFP, Dec. 2, 2001).
After his body was cremated, his widow and 23-year-old
son carried the ashes to India and sprinkled them in the
Ganges River in Varnasi. They were accompanied by two
Hare Krishna devotees who performed Hindu rites on the
ashes. His widow asked fans to give a minute of meditation as
a tribute to the musician at the hour of the scattering, which
was 3 a.m. on Tuesday, December 4.
Harrison’s longtime friend Gavin De Becker said that the
former Beatle “died with one thought in mind -- love God
and love one another” (Associated Press, Nov. 30, 2001).
Sadly, though, the love that the Beatles sang about is not the
true love of God in Jesus Christ which offers eternal salvation
for sinful men. The god that Harrison worshipped and
promoted is the Hindi/New Age god of self. In an interview
he said:
“The Lord, or God, has got a million names, whatever you
want to call him; it doesn’t matter as long as you call him. . . .
Every one of us has within us a drop of that ocean, and we
have the same qualities as God, just like a drop of that ocean
has the same qualities as the whole ocean. Everybody’s
looking for something, and we are it” (“George Harrison’s
Credo,” The Himalayan Times, Kathmandu Nepal, Dec. 17,
2001).
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Harrison also said in a 1982 interview with the Hare
Krishna organization:
“The word ‘Hare’ calls upon the energy of the Lord. If
you chant the mantra enough, you build up
identification with God. God’s all happiness, all bliss,
and by chanting His names, we connect with him. So it’s
really a process of actually having God realization,
which becomes clear with the expanded state of
consciousness that develops when you chant. ... The best
thing you can give is God consciousness. Manifest your
own divinity first. The truth is there. It’s right within us
all. Understand what you are” (George Harrison, “Hare
Krishna Mantra, There’s Nothing Higher,” 1982, http://
As of April 2009, the Beatles were still promoting
Hinduism. The two surviving Beatles headlined a benefit
concert to promote Transcendental Meditation (TM) among
children. The concert benefited the David Lynch Foundation,
which is dedicated to “consciousness-based education and
world peace.” The objective is to raise funds to teach one
million children to meditate. Joining Ringo Starr and Paul
McCartney were Sheryl Crow, Donovan, Eddie Vedder of
Pearl Jam, and others. As we have seen, TM is a Hindu
practice and is based on the concept that the universe is God
and man can tap into God through mysticism. One page of
the David Lynch Foundation’s web site has a girl saying, “It is
quiet and comfortable and I feel connected to everything and
everyone.”
The Beatles generation, while rejecting the grosser rituals
of Hinduism, has adopted its core philosophy, which is self
choosing its own way and being its own god. In Hinduism,
God is like a smorgasbord, and the individual picks and
chooses his favorites from among the myriads of gods, all the
while also believing that he is god, too. George Harrison
spoke frequently about Jesus, but he did not mean the Jesus
of the Bible but rather the “other christ” of Hinduism.
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When John Lennon blurted out in 1966 that the Beatles
were more popular than Jesus, he might have been right. The
Beatles have had a vast influence upon the hearts and minds,
not only of the unsaved, but also of professing Christians, and
have helped to create a corrupt form of Christianity that
merges paganism with Christ, a Christianity that believes it is
wrong to judge sin or to live by strict biblical standards or to
say that there is only one way of truth.
The average Christian today thinks nothing whatsoever of
going to church on Sunday and then watching R-rated
movies and listening to R-rated music the rest of the week;
and he knows far more about Harry Potter and rock stars and
sports idols and raunchy television sitcoms than he does
about the Bible. Indeed, 2 Timothy chapter 3 is upon us.
This, truly, is a Beatles’ generation.
Bee Gees
The Bee Gees, formed in 1958, was composed of three
brothers, Maurice, Barry, and Robin Gibb. (Their family had
moved from England to Australia that year.) They became
one of the wealthiest groups in rock history with a string of
Top Ten hits in the 1960s and ’70s.
Describing their youth, Barry Gibb said, “We broke the law
about as much as you can.” Robin Gibb had a hobby of
making pornographic drawings. In 1973, the Bee Gees said,
“We do smoke marijuana now and again” (Circus, Aug. 3,
1973, p. 38). In fact, they did more than that. They were
heavy drinkers and “got into pills—Dexedrine” (Rock Lives, p.
493).
Barry believes in reincarnation, and Maurice and Robin
believe they have psychic ESP powers (Larson’s Book of Rock,
p. 145). The Bee Gees album Spirits Having Flown contains
many references to reincarnation.
Andy Gibb, youngest of the Bee Gees brothers, died in
1988 at age 30 of a cardiac infection. He had long been
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addicted to cocaine, and three years earlier had undergone
treatment at the Betty Ford Clinic. He lived with his
girlfriend, Victoria, for five years, until she left him in 1985.
In 1986, he filed bankruptcy, with more than $1 million in
debts and less than $50,000 in assets.
Maurice Gibb died in January 2003 at age 53 after
undergoing emergency surgery for a blocked intestine.
Maurice was an alcoholic and had gone through treatment
programs.
Black Sabbath
Black Sabbath, a British group formed in 1967, became the
“heavy-metal king of the Seventies.” The original members
were lead singer Ozzy Osbourne, bassist Terry “Geezer”
Butler, guitarist Tony Iommi, and drummer Bill Ward.
Osbourne was a juvenile delinquent who spent three months
in prison for shoplifting before helping form Black Sabbath.
The band sold over eight million albums before Osbourne left
in 1979. The band has had several other lead singers since
then, including Ian Gillan, Tony Iommi, and Ronnie James
Dio. After a steady stream of personnel changes the group
continues to perform today, though only guitarist Tony
Iommi remains of the original members.
The band began playing the blues in rough bars and dance
clubs in Birmingham, England. “We all came from a pretty
depressing area, and I think it came out in the music when
we started rehearsing. I mean, it was very rough when we first
started, always in fights, and God knows what. It was sort of
old style blues, really” (Tony Iommi, cited by Mike Stark,
Black Sabbath, p. 4). They called themselves Pooka Tulk, then
Earth, then Black Sabbath. The term “Black Sabbath” refers to
an occultic holiday. Ozzy Osbourne claims the name came
from an old Boris Karloff horror film they saw on television,
but the Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll says, “The
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name came from the title of a song written by bassist Geezer
Butler, a fan of occult novelist Dennis Wheatley.”
Black Sabbath focused on dark, violent subjects and
presented an occultic image. In interviews, the band
members have claimed that they are not Satanists and that
their fascination with occultic themes was merely a passing
curiosity and a means of obtaining fame and fortune. The
Bible, though, does not treat occultism and pagan mysticism
as a light matter. “And the soul that turneth after such as have
familiar spirits, and after wizards, to go a whoring after them,
I will even set my face against that soul, and will cut him off
from among his people” (Leviticus 20:6).
Black Sabbath’s influence for evil among young people is
incalculable. Black Sabbath forged the way for hundreds of
other hard rock bands that have attempted to sound the
depths of occultic evil and that have polluted society with
their music. Black Sabbath was a forerunner to the vile Death
Metal groups of the 1990s.
There is no doubt that Black Sabbath portrayed an evil,
satanic image; and to say that it was all mere harmless
entertainment is nonsense. Bill Ward, the original drummer
for Black Sabbath, admitted that their music has an
“uncanny” quality and that they were channels for a higher
power:
“I’ve always considered that there was some way where
we were able to channel energy, and that energy was
able to be, from another source, if you like, like a higher
power or something, that was actually doing the work.
I’ve often thought of us just being actually just the
earthly beings that played the music because it was
uncanny. Some of this music came out extremely
uncanny” (Bill Ward of Black Sabbath, cited in Black
Sabbath An Oral History by Mike Stark, p. 7).
Black Sabbath album covers and music lyrics are filled with
occultic symbolism. The album cover to Sabbath, Bloody
Sabbath depicted weird demons attacking sleeping humans
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and a nude satanic ritual with the number 666 at the top.
They had inverted crosses on the platform during concerts.
(Witchcraft uses inverted crosses to symbolize blasphemy
against Christ and a rejection of His atonement.) They
dressed in occultic fashions. Early publicity stunts included
holding black masses with nude women on altars sprinkled
with chicken blood. The Black Sabbath song “N.I.B.” seems to
be a love song from Satan: “Now I have you with me under
my power/ Our love grows stronger now with every hour/
Look into my eyes, you’ll see who I am/ My name is Lucifer,
please take my hand...” The album Born Again depicted a
demonic baby with satanic horns, fangs, and claws on its
fingers. Their 1990 album, Tyr, was about the idolatrous
pagan gods of the Vikings. Their 1989 album and 1990 tour
were titled the Headless Cross, which is blasphemy against
Jesus Christ. Of that album, Black Sabbath lead singer Tony
Martin said, “With Headless Cross I went as far to the dark
side as I could possibly get away with...” (Mike Stark, Black
Sabbath, p. 84). Their 1981 Mob Rules album contained a
song about “Voodoo” and a song entitled “E5150,” which
Ronnie James Dio says means “evil” (Mike Stark, Black
Sabbath, p. 63). The album depicts Lucifer etched in blood.
The original title for their “War Pigs” song was supposed to
be “War Piggies,” “which is a night when all the black
magicians have a party.” At a concert in Ontario, Canada,
Black Sabbath gave an altar call to Lucifer, inviting the
audience to commit their lives to Satan (H.T. Spence,
Confronting Contemporary Christian Music, p. 99). One of
their albums was titled “We Sold Our Soul to Rock ‘n’ Roll.”
The song “Master of Reality” presented Satan as lord of the
rock & roller.
“Your soul is ill, but you will not find a cure/ Your world
was made for you by someone above/ But you chose evil
ways instead of love/ You made me master of the world
where you exist/ The soul I took from you was not even
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missed/ Lord of this world … Evil possessor … Lord of
this world … He’s your confessor now!”
Ozzy Osbourne’s song “Mr. Crowley” glorifies Satanist
Aleister Crowley. Osbourne calls Crowley “a phenomenon of
his time” (Circus, Aug. 26, 1980, p. 26). He said that he
dedicated The Blizzard of Oz album to Crowley (From Rock to
Rock, p. 133). Osbourne’s song “Who Are You” calls Jesus
Christ a deceitful liar and Christians blind (From Rock to
Rock, p. 133).
In the song “After Forever” on the 1971 Masters of Reality
album, Black Sabbath mocked biblical salvation. The song
asks, “Have you ever thought about your soul, can it be
saved?” Singer Ozzy Osbourne replied: “I have seen the truth.
Yes, I’ve seen the light and I’ve changed my ways.” Coming
from him, this testimony is a blatant mockery of biblical
salvation.
Black Sabbath guitarist Tony Iommi’s album Seventh Star is
based on the writings of pagan prophet Nostradamus. Iommi
“is fascinated with black magic and is an avid reader of occult
literature, along with being obsessed with Nostradamus,
reincarnation, past lives, meditation, and acupuncture” (John
Muncy, The Role of Rock, p. 360). Iommi admitted to the
press that he has always had a deep fascination for the
supernatural and “things of the world beyond” (Washington
Times, April 16, 1986).
Sabbath bassist Geezer Butler gave the following testimony
in 1996:
“I was really interested [in the occult] because I was
brought up Catholic. When I was a kid, I was a religious
maniac. I loved anything to do with religion and God.
Being a Catholic, every week you hear what the Devil
does and ‘Satan’s this’ and ‘Satan’s that,’ so you really
believe in it. What sparked my interest was when I was
in London around 1966-67. There was a whole new
culture happening and this one guy used to sell these
black magic magazines. I read a magazine and thought,
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‘Oh yea, I never thought of it like that’—Satan’s point of
view. I just started reading more and more; I read a lot
of Dennis Wheatley’s books, stuff about astral planes. I’d
been having loads of these experiences since I was a
child and finally I was reading stuff that was explaining
them. It led me into reading about the whole thing—
black magic, white magic, every sort of magic. I found
out Satanism was around before any of it and was
putting upside-down crosses on my wall and pictures of
Satan all over. I painted my apartment black. I was
getting really involved in it and all these horrible things
started happening to me. You come to a point where you
cross over and totally follow it and totally forget about
Jesus and God” (Geezer Butler, interview with Steve
Blush, Seconds magazine, 1996, Issue 39, p. 64).
Ronnie James Dio, who was the lead singer for Black
Sabbath from 1979 to 1982, admits that he has studied the
occult and attempted to contact the spirit world via séances
(Birmingham News, Sept. 26, 1985; Hit Parader, Feb. 1985, p.
17; Faces, Feb, 1985, p. 17). After he left Black Sabbath and
pursued a solo career, he continued his occultism and
blasphemy. He blasphemously named himself Dio (his real
name is Padavana), which means “God.” On his albums, he
spells Dio upside down, referring to the devil (Creem, Oct.
1985, p. 8). In his song “Last In Line,” he talks about going off
to see a witch, declaring, “We may never come
home” (Larson’s Book of Rock, p. 154). The stage for his Sacred
Heart album tour featured a leering, red-eyed creature
symbolizing Satan. The cover to his Holy Diver album depicts
a priest or a preacher in chains being thrust into the sea,
depicting the lie that the devil has power over Christianity.
(Of course, none of these rockers make a distinction between
true and false Christianity.) Dio’s song “Hungry for Heaven”
says “You’re hungry for heaven, but you need a little hell.”
Black Sabbath has spewed forth a constant stream of abuse
and hatred toward Bible-believing Christians. Their 1980
Heaven and Hell album contained a song that viciously
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slandered the concept of absolute biblical authority and those
who warn young people to walk righteously before God. The
song, “Jerusalem,” attacked Bible evangelists. After touring in
Northern Ireland, they spoke against Presbyterian pastor Ian
Paisley and his Bible preaching. Black Sabbath lead singer,
Ronnie James Dio gave the satanic salute at their concerts
and invited the audiences to do the same. At that moment, a
cross onstage would burst into flames.
Black Sabbath fans were described as those who “get
wasted, mindless, and let a black menacing cross wave over
them for the evening” (Circus, March 31, 1981, p. 30).
Black Sabbath’s dark, vicious music has engendered
violence, destruction, and rebellion. The Black Sabbath song
“Children of the Grave” spoke of killing children. Drummer
Bill Ward says, “We were rebelling and we were rebelling
against just about everything” (Black Sabbath, p. 9). He
admits, “I know that sometimes in our music it was loud and
there was violence, too, onstage violence. Often I would
become violent onstage. It’s not an unusual phenomenon
where I would literally pick up my drums and throw them at
the audience” (Black Sabbath, p. 16). In October 1980, Blue
Oyster Cult and Black Sabbath were involved in a riot in
Milwaukee, Wisconsin. There were 160 arrests, half on drug
charges, and the arena suffered $10,000 in damage. The
young people “overturned chairs, ripped out seat cushions,
pulled out iron railings, lit firecrackers and small fires,
vandalized telephones and fire extinguishers, knocked out
lighting fixtures, and threw objects around the area” (The
Legacy of John Lennon, pp. 105, 106). The crowd went insane,
ripping up everything in sight, throwing metal rods that
injured a band member and a member of the road crew,
beating the security guards. The concert was stopped and the
band had to flee the building. When the two injured men
were placed in an ambulance, the enraged crowd tried to tip
it over.
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Between 1985 and 1990, Ozzy Osbourne was sued by three
different sets of parents from Georgia and California, all
claiming that his song “Suicide Solution” had induced their
sons to commit suicide (Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock, p.
734). Osbourne won all three suits, claiming the song was
actually written to lament the death of rock star Bon Scott
and that it was actually anti-alcohol and anti-suicide. The
courts ruled that the lyrics were protected by the First
Amendment and the rockers have a right to “artistic
freedom.” The song itself does not sound like a statement
against suicide. Its dark rhythms and depressing lyrics
certainly can be taken as an encouragement for suicide, and it
is a fact that young people have snuffed out their lives while
listening to it repeatedly. The Black Sabbath song “Paranoid,”
which was sung by Osbourne, says: “Think I’ll lose my mind,
if I don’t find something to gratify, can you help me? Oh,
won’t you blow my brains?” Two other songs by Black
Sabbath, “Killing Yourself to Live” and “Die Young,”
encourage dark suicidal thoughts.
Drug abuse and alcoholism almost destroyed some of the
members of Black Sabbath. Their 1972 album was supposed
to be titled “Snowblind,” but their record company forced
them to title it “Volume 4” instead. Snowblind was about
cocaine use. In interviews with the press, the band members
admitted this. Their song “Sweet Leaf ” glorified marijuana.
The members of Black Sabbath were extreme drug and
alcohol abusers. Drummer Bill Ward testified that he also was
a drug addict during his Black Sabbath days. “I was a full-on
junkie, still am a full-on junkie, except that I don’t use junk.
… I had been using blow [cocaine] every day for a number of
years, so it was definitely time to let that go. And I was using
plenty of other drugs, at the time, to keep me numb, so losing
the blow wasn’t that big of a deal” (Stark, Black Sabbath, p.
22).
Singer OZZY OSBOURNE, who spews forth a constant
stream of profanity, was a drug-crazed wild man during the
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Black Sabbath days. He dressed in women’s clothing at times
and stripped off most of his clothes during concerts. One
time he took an axe and chopped down every door in his
house (People, Sept. 1, 1981). He and his first wife, Thelma,
kept chickens, but he shot all of them with a shotgun. He
dragged Thelma around by the hair. He was banned from
performing at city facilities in San Antonio, Texas, because he
urinated on the Alamo in 1982 while dressed in his wife’s
dress. (Ten years later he donated $20,000 to the Daughters of
the Republic of Texas for restoration of the Alamo and was
allowed to perform again in the city.) He watched The
Exorcist movie 26 times (Circus, Oct. 31, 1975).
In 1978, Osbourne told the media: “I really wish I knew
why I’ve done some of the things I’ve done over the years. I
don’t know if I’m a medium for some outside source.
Whatever it is, frankly, I hope it’s not what I think it is —
Satan” (Hit Parader, February 1978, p. 24).
By 1979, Osbourne was so incoherent from drug and
alcohol abuse that he could not function and was asked to
leave Black Sabbath. The next three months he locked himself
away in a hotel room and stayed drunk and high on drugs.
He had used LSD every day for years and was spending
$1,000 a day on drugs. He was rescued from certain
destruction when Sharon Arden visited him, talked him into
accompanying her back to England, then managed him in a
solo rock career. Osbourne divorced his first wife in 1981 and
married Arden in 1982. They have two children.
His weirdness and evil image did not stop with his second
marriage, though. In 1981, he said, “I am just as evil and just
as crazy as ever” (Hit Parader, March 1981, p. 27). A year
earlier he said, “I have become infatuated with the feeling of
horror” (Circus, August 26, 1980, p. 26). At a 1981 CBS
executive meeting, Osbourne bit the head off a live dove and
spit it on the table. On his 1982 Diary of a Madman tour, he
bit the head off a live bat and had to undergo a series of rabies
vaccinations.
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His solo career has produced such unwholesome albums as
Speak of the Devil, The Ultimate Sin, Bark at the Moon, and
Diary of a Madman, all of which at least appear to promote
occultism. On the cover of Speak of the Devil, Osbourne
appears to be eating human flesh. Osbourne claims it is all in
fun and that he is not an occultist, but his influence is evil
nonetheless.
Osbourne’s outrageous drug abuse did not stop, either. In
1989, he was charged with the attempted murder of his wife
during a liquor-induced rage. He grabbed her by the throat
and was chocking her as voices came out of him saying,
“We’ve decided that you’ve got to go” (Margaret Moser and
Bill Crawford, Rock Stars Do the Dumbest Things, p. 151). He
has come close to dying numerous times because of his
alcohol and drug abuse. He has been in more than 14
rehabilitation clinics since the early 1980s. Today, by his own
admission, he maintains something of an even keel by means
of Prozac and Zoloft and constant psychiatric care. (One of
the Black Sabbath songs on the 1975 album Sabotage was
“Am I Going Insane?”) “Ozzy moves slowly, and has a stoop
and a shuffling gait including a slight limp. His hearing is
poor and his hands shake and, at times, he seems to struggle
to get his words out” (Crawford, p. 175).
Black Sabbath drummer Bill Ward was not far behind
Ozzy on the road to self-destruction. He was heavily addicted
to alcohol and illegal chemicals. He became addicted to
cocaine during the early years of the band. “At that time, my
cocaine addiction had accelerated tremendously. It had
become, like, real bad. Real bad. And I was getting sicker. ... I
was a full-on junkie, still am a full-on junkie, except that I
don’t use junk” (Bill Ward, cited by Mike Stark, Black
Sabbath, p. 21). Knowing that cocaine was killing him, he
gave it up but turned to other drugs and to alcohol. In 1976,
Ward had a heart attack and had to take a 30-day break from
the band. In 1979, he broke his hand when he slammed it
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into a door in anger. By the early 1980s, Ward was almost
dead from his alcoholic binges.
Randy Rhoads, the guitarist for Ozzy Osbourne’s band
Blizzard of Oz, died in 1982 at age 25 when Ozzy’s private
plane crashed. The pilot was trying to buzz Ozzy’s tour bus
when a wing hit the vehicle. Also killed in the crash were the
pilot and Ozzy’s hairdresser.
Cozy Powell, songwriter/drummer who played with the
Jeff Beck Group, Black Sabbath, and others, and who had the
solo hit “Dance with the Devil,” died in 1998 at age 50 in an
automobile crash. He had been drinking.
Ray Gillen, vocalist for Black Sabbath, Badlands and Sun
Red Sun died in 1995 at age 34 of AIDS.
Graham Bond
Graham Bond (1937-1974) was one of the pioneers of jazzrock in Britain. In 1963, he formed the Graham Bond
Organisation with Jack Bruce and Ginger Baker. Bruce and
Baker left in 1964 to form Cream with Eric Clapton.
Bond was addicted to drugs and alcohol and was heavily
involved in the occult. He was often “abusive, cruel, and selfdestructive” (Unknown Legends of Rock ‘n’ Roll, p. 28). He
claimed to be the son of Satanist Aleister Crowley. Together
with his first wife, Diane Stewart, he formed a band called
Holy Magick, named after Crowley’s sorcery. Both the band
and the marriage failed. In 1973 he formed another band,
called Magus, “the name given to a high level sorcerer.” He
was incarcerated in a mental hospital that year, but he was
released.
A biography by Harry Shapiro, The Mighty Shadow, depicts
Bond at that point in his life as characterized by wild mood
swings and obsessed with the occult. He sexually abused his
stepdaughter.
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He committed suicide in 1974 at age 37 by throwing
himself under the wheels of a London underground train at
the Finsbury Park Station.
David Bowie
David Bowie (b. 1947), born David Robert Jones, has
performed music since he was 13 years old. He played in mod
bands in the early 1960s and changed his name to David
Bowie in 1966. That year he spent some weeks in a monastery
studying Buddhism. He has been called a musical chameleon
because of his continual changes in style and persona. He is a
trend setter and is one of rock’s most influential musicians.
He had his first major hit single, “Space Oddity,” in 1969.
In an interview in 1972, Bowie claimed he was
homosexual. TV Guide called him the leader of the genderbenders. He was once named the number one male singer
and the number three female singer in the same poll in
Britain. Bowie’s ex-wife, Angela Barnett, was kicked out of a
Connecticut college because of lesbianism. The two allegedly
met while involved with the same man. On Thursday nights,
during their marriage, David visited gay bars while Angela
visited lesbian clubs, and they brought home people they
found (Time, July 18, 1983, p. 58).
Bowie blasphemously said, “Jesus Christ was a strange boy
himself ” (Hit Parader, June 19, 1975).
In the early 1970s, Bowie dyed his hair orange and wore
women’s clothing, calling himself Ziggy Stardust. During
performances, the Ziggy Stardust character blasphemously
offered himself as a rock & roll suicide “in mockery of the
martyrdom of Jesus Christ” (Flowers in the Dustbin, p. 300).
Bowie appeared on the cover of his 1970 album, The Man
Who Sold the World, wearing a silk dress. On the 1971 album,
Hunky Dory, he dressed as Greta Garbo.
In 1976, he portrayed himself as the “Thin White Duke,”
reflecting his “cocaine-fueled paranoia.” He admitted that he
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used drugs to enhance his creativity (Rolling Stone, Jan. 12,
1978, p. 83). His life at that time was described in the
following terms:
“Friends who visited Bowie in Los Angeles reported that
he was living in a room with the curtains permanently
drawn, a bowl of cocaine prominently displayed on the
coffee table. Scattered around the floor were books of
occultism and mysticism. On the walls he’d scrawled
magic pentagrams as protection against the curses he
believed had been uttered against him. So convinced did
he become that black magicians were planning to
destroy him that he hired a white witch to perform an
exorcism involving the burning of blue and white
candles and the sprinkling of salt” (Steve Turner, Hungry
for Heaven, p. 93).
At that time, Bowie made the following amazing statement:
believe rock and roll is dangerous. It could well bring about a
very evil feeling in the west. … That’s where I see it heading,
bringing about a dark era. … I feel that we’re only heralding
something even darker than ourselves” (Rolling Stone, Feb.
12, 1976, p. 83).
In 1976, David Bowie and Iggy Pop were arrested in their
hotel room in Rochester, New York, and charged with
possession of six ounces of marijuana.
In his weird song “Modern Love,” Bowie promotes the idea
that God is a myth. “Get me to the church on time/ church on
time terrifies me/ Church on time makes me party/ church
on time puts my trust in God and man/ God and man no
religion/ God and man don’t believe in modern love.” In an
interview with Rolling Stone magazine, Bowie said: “I know
the crucifix is strictly symbolic of a terrible, nagging
superstition that if I didn’t have it on, I’d have bad luck. It isn’t
even religious to me” (Rolling Stone, Oct. 25, 1984, p. 18).
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James Brown
James Brown (1933- 2006) was the best known and most
successful black artist of the Sixties and early Seventies. “His
polyrhythmic funk vamps virtually reshaped dance music.”
He was called “The Godfather of Soul.”
By age 16, he was convicted of armed robbery and
sentenced to eight to sixteen years in prison. While behind
bars, the young Brown was befriended by Bobby Byrd, who
had a family gospel group. Byrd helped obtain Brown’s release
after he had served about three years of his sentence, and
Brown began to sing with gospel groups out of Mt. Zion
Baptist Church, Toccoa, Georgia. Byrd and Brown had also
caught the rock & roll/rhythm and blues/doo-wop fever.
Brown was powerfully influenced by Little Richard. They
gave up gospel music and formed The Flames (which later
became the Famous Flames), and by 1956 they had their first
hit, “Please, Please, Please,” which sold a million copies.
Brown found extreme commercial success from then until
the ’70s. In the late ’60s, he purchased three radio stations,
opened a restaurant (which he planned to be the first of 150
franchises in all 50 states), and a private jet.
In 1969, Brown’s wife of 16 years, Velma, filed for divorce.
They had four children. A year later, Brown married his
second wife, Deirdre Yvonne Jenkins. In June 1973, Brown’s
oldest son (by his first wife), 19-year-old Teddy, died in a car
crash. In 1975, the IRS charged Brown with $4.5 million in
back taxes. Within the next few years, he was forced to sell
his radio stations and the jet. His second wife left him in 1983
and took their two daughters. In 1984, Brown took a third
wife, Adrianne Modell Rodriquez. That marriage was not
smooth sailing, either. At one point she set fire to all his
clothes, and he threw her fur coats on the lawn and blasted
them with a shotgun (Moser, Rock Stars, p. 33). In 1988,
Brown was arrested and charged with assault with intent to
murder Adrienne. She later withdrew the assault charge and
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was herself arrested twice for possession of PCP, also known
as Angel Dust.
Brown fathered at least three children out of wedlock
(“James Brown’s Secret Children Emerge,” The Daily
Telegraph, Aug. 22, 2007).
In September 1988, Brown threatened a group of people
with a shotgun, then led police on a high-speed interstate car
chase that resulted in a six-year prison term. He was paroled
in 1991 after two years behind bars. In January 1998, Brown
was in a hospital under treatment for addiction to painkillers
(Whatever Happened to. p. 38). He was arrested again in July
1998 for marijuana possession and unlawful use of a firearm.
Deputies found the incriminating evidence when Brown was
hospitalized against his will by his daughter for addiction to
painkillers (Rolling Stone, Dec. 24, 1998, p. 72).
Brown was arrested eight times, convicted thrice, and has
spent a total of five years in jail.
In 2002, Brown married Tomi Rae Hynie and had a son by
her named James Brown II, but the marriage was not legal
since Hynie was already married to a Bangladeshi named
Javed Ahmed who had wed her to get a U.S. Green Card. That
marriage was not annulled until 2004.
James Brown died of congestive heart failure in 2006, and
the battle over his estate continues among his children and
Hynie.
The Byrds
Roger McGuinn and Keith Jarrett of the Byrds were
followers of Gurdjieff, who taught that man achieves truth
through the process of the “Golden Ladder.” A man must
ascend seven rungs of an evolutionary ladder. The ladder is
ascended not by logical knowledge, but by psychological
wisdom—through self-study, self-awareness, selfremembering, and the discovery of the essential unchanging
“I” (Muncy, The Role of Rock, p. 171).
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Though the Byrds tried to deny that the song “Eight Miles
High” was about drugs, David Crosby later admitted that this
was a lie. “Did I think ‘Eight Miles High’ was a drug song?
No, I knew it was. We denied it, of course. But we had a
strong feeling about drugs, or rather, psychedelics and
marijuana. We thought they would help us blast our
generation loose from the Fifties. Personally, I don’t regret my
psychedelic experiences. I took psychedelics as a sort of
sacrament” (Crosby, cited by Rock an Unruly History, p. 166).
Gram Parsons (born Cecil Connors), singer/songwriter,
pioneer of country-rock and member of The Byrds and the
Flying Burrito Brothers, died in September 1973 at age 26 of
an overdose of alcohol and morphine. Cocaine and
amphetamines were also found in his system. He had been a
heroin user for years. He had just filed for divorce from his
second wife. His road manager, Phil Kaufman, stole Parker’s
body and coffin and burned it at the Joshua Tree National
Monument, claiming that Parker had desired to be cremated
there. Not long before he died, Parsons had befriended and
performed with Keith Richards of the Rolling Stones, and had
“become fascinated by dope and black magic” (Sanchez, Up
and Down with the Rolling Stones, p. 286). His short life was
“full of Southern madness, backstabbing, cheating, suicide,
liquor, lawsuits, more drugs than should be allowed, too
much family money, and too little love” (Rock Bottom, p.
226).
Clarence White, guitarist for The Byrds and inductee into
the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame, died in 1973 at age 29. He was
struck by an automobile while loading equipment into a van.
Gene Clark, who played tambourine and guitar for The
Byrds, died in 1991 at age 47 of a heart attack after long years
of drug and alcohol abuse.
Michael Clark, who played drums for The Byrds, died in
1993 at age 47 of liver failure resulting from alcohol abuse.
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Canned Heat
Canned Heat was named after the song “Canned Heat
Blues” by Delta bluesman Tommy Johnson. The song was “a
haunting, autobiographical account of his alcohol
addiction” (The Big Book of Blues). When alcohol was not
available, Johnson would drink Sterno or “canned heat.”
Johnson, who claimed to have acquired his blues talent by
selling his soul to the devil, died in 1956 of alcohol-related
cause at roughly age 58.
Canned Heat was composed of Bob Hite, Al Wilson, Frank
Cook, and Stuart Brotman. Among those who joined the
band later were Henry Vestine, Mark Andes, and Larry
Taylor.
Tommy Johnson died in 1956 at roughly age 58 of alcoholrelated cause, and some of the members of Canned Heat have
followed in his footsteps.
Alan “Blind Owl” Wilson died in 1970 at age 27 of a drug
overdose.
Bob Hite died in 1981 at age 36 of heart failure due to drug
abuse.
Henry Vestine was an alcoholic and died from cancer in
October 1997 at age 52.
Ray Charles
Ray Charles (b. 1930) is one of the most popular and
successful rock-blues singers.
Blind from birth, he learned to read Braille and to play
various musical instruments at an early age. His father left the
family when Ray was an infant and died when Ray was 10
years old. His mother died when he was 12. He left school in
his early teens and played with various bands.
His first hit song, “I Got a Woman,” appeared in 1955, and
his music has achieved massive commercial success since
then.
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By age 18, Ray Charles had a heroin habit, and by age 20 he
had an illegitimate daughter. By 1954, he was divorced from a
marriage that lasted only 16 months. In 1959, he impregnated
another woman out of wedlock. Charles has had six children
out of wedlock altogether.
In the late 1970s, he was divorced from his second wife,
Della Robinson. “Charles has pronounced himself finished
with marriage and says he prefers to confine his sexual
activities to all-night trysts with select groups of three or four
women” (Rock Lives, p. 31).
Ray Charles was arrested two times in 1961 for possession
of drugs and drug paraphernalia. In 1964, he was arrested at
Logan Airport in Boston for heroin and marijuana
possession. After this third drug charge, he decided to give up
his 17-year heroin habit and entered a drug program.
Eric Clapton
British rock star Eric Clapton (born Eric Patrick Clapp) (b.
1945) is considered the world’s premiere rock guitarist.
His 16-year-old mother was not married, and his
grandparents brought him up. His father, whom he never
knew, was a married Canadian soldier stationed in Britain.
Clapton’s mother eventually married another Canadian
soldier and went to live abroad.
He admits that he was a “nasty kid.” He learned to play the
music of black blues guitarists note for note on the guitar that
his grandparents gave him when he was 14. By age 16, he was
playing with local rhythm & blues bands. In 1963, he joined
the Yardbirds and played with them until March 1965. He
then played for John Mayall’s Bluesbreakers and recorded one
album. His guitar playing genius earned him the rock & roll
nickname of “God,” and the blasphemous slogan “Clapton Is
God” became a popular graffito in London. From 1966 to
1968, Clapton played with the Cream and was vaulted to
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superstar status. Next he played with Blind Faith, then with
Derek and the Dominos.
In 1968, Clapton made a profession of faith in Christ, but
his life did not show evidence of the new birth, and he later
recanted. That same year he and three members of the
Buffalo Springfield were arrested on marijuana charges. By
1969, he was drinking two bottles of vodka a day (Sunday
Times, June 27, 1999), and by 1973, he was almost dead from
drug abuse and the rock & roll lifestyle. He was spending up
to £1,500 per week to feed his heroin habit. In 1973, he
underwent drug treatment. In 1985, he again underwent
rehabilitation, this time to overcome the alcoholism which
had taken the place of his former heroin addiction.
In an interview with the Sunday Times of London in June
1999, Clapton admitted that he abused his wife “at the height
of his alcohol and drug addiction.” He was deceived by
modern psychology into thinking that his drunkenness was a
disease. “You know, I can look at my disease of alcoholism as
being a stigma or being the greatest gift I ever had. For me,
it’s the greatest gift because I didn’t know what was wrong
with me until I got sober. Until then, I thought I was crazy. I
thought I was bad, a bad person. When I was told I had a
disease, I thought, ‘Okay, so I’m no worse off than someone
who has cancer or diabetes. And I’m lucky because I can do
something about it, and all I have to do is talk to somebody
else’” (BBC News, June 27, 1999).
Clapton has lived in immoral relationships with
girlfriends; and in 1970, he wrote a love song entitled “Layla”
for the wife of another man—George Harrison of the Beatles.
Clapton eventually won Pattie Harrison’s heart; she divorced
George in 1977 and married Clapton in 1979. Before that
they lived together. George Harrison must have had no hard
feelings, because he agreed to perform (with Paul McCartney
and Ringo Starr) at Eric and Patti’s wedding reception.
Clapton and Pattie were only together for a few years. In
1985, they separated, and in 1986, Clapton’s new girlfriend,
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Lori Del Santo, gave birth out of wedlock to his only child,
Conor. (Clapton was legally still married to Pattie; they did
not get a divorce until 1989.) In 1991, Conor died by falling
through a window in his mother’s apartment over 50 stories
to his death. He was four and a half years old. Clapton’s
former girlfriend, Alice Ormsby-Gore, died from a drug
overdose.
Clapton played the part of the preacher in the
blasphemous rock opera Tommy. Movie reviewer Anthony
Hilder called the opera “the most blatantly anti-Christian
movie malignancy ever made, at any time, anywhere, by any
one. … Everything is done to desecrate Christianity with all
the lauding language of Lucifer” (Hilder, cited by David
Noebel, The Legacy of John Lennon, p. 45). Tommy was
directed by Ken Russell. It also starred The Who and Elton
John. The opera featured the worship of licentious movie
actress Marilyn Monroe.
Clapton’s 1970 group Derek and the Dominos produced
many rock casualties. Guitarist Duane Allman (who played
on the Derek and the Dominos’ album Layla), died in a
motorcycle crash in 1971. Bassist Carl Radle died of
alcoholism in 1980 at age 38. Drummer Jim Gordon (one of
the most famous rock session drummers) murdered his 72year-old mother in June 1983 by hitting her with a hammer
and then stabbing her. He was heavily addicted to heroin,
cocaine, and alcohol, and had heard voices for years. He
claimed that the voice of his mother tormented him day and
night, and he had threatened to kill her previously. He had
checked into psychiatric hospitals 14 times. He claims that
voices told him to silence his mother’s voice in his head by
killing her. In 1984, he was found guilty of second-degree
murder and sentenced to 16 years to life in prison, where he
continued to play drums. In 1990, Clapton’s agent and two
members of his road crew were killed in a helicopter crash.
In 1998, leaders of two major agencies (Women Fighting
Back and the Domestic Abuse Awareness Foundation) that
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champion the rights of battered women denounced Eric
Clapton for the contents of the song “Sick and Tired” on his
Pilgrim album. At issue are the story and the lyrics of the
song— the subject of which is a man who is intent on seeing
his girlfriend dead. Lyrics include “Now I’m gonna get me a
shotgun baby/ keep it stashed behind the bedroom door/ I
may have to blow your brains out, baby/ then you won’t
bother me no more” (Live Daily, “Eric Clapton under Fire,”
June 1998).
David Crosby
David Crosby (b. 1941) of the Byrds and Crosby, Stills,
Nash and Young, almost died several times of drug abuse
before he was out of his 40s. He said, “I was stoned for every
bit of music I’ve ever played. Every record, every performance
—I was stoned halfway out of my gourd” (The Rock Yearbook,
1984, p. 208).
generation loose from the fifties. Personally, I don’t regret my
sacrament” (Crosby, cited from Rock & Roll an Unruly
History, p. 166).
In 1982, Crosby was arrested for possession of drugs,
driving under the influence of cocaine, and carrying a
concealed pistol. Two weeks later he was arrested again for
possession of cocaine and a concealed weapon. In 1985, he
was arrested again, and he tried to escape from the law on his
boat, but it was not sea worthy. After turning himself in, he
spent nine months in jail and said that this probably saved his
life, because it forced him to face his drug addiction. He had
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a liver transplant, cleaned up his life, married his girlfriend,
and began to live a sober lifestyle. Later David and Jan had a
healthy boy.
Crosby reconciled with a son he had conceived out of
wedlock in the 1960s, and they performed and recorded
together.
Crosby published a book on liberal social activism and
supported homosexual “marriages.” Rock singer Melissa
Ethridge and her homosexual female “partner,” filmmaker
Julie Cypher, had two children through artificial
insemination using Crosby’s sperm. The singer’s song “Triad,”
recorded in 1968 by Jefferson Airplane, was about a oneman/two-woman relationship.
The song “Cathedral” from the Crosby, Stills and Nash
album mocked and rejected Christianity:
“I’m flying in Winchester cathedral/ All religion has to
have its day/ Expressions on the face of the Savior/
Made me say, I cannot stay!/ Open up the gates of the
church/ And let me out of here!/ Too many people have
died in the name of Christ for anyone to heed the call/
Too many people have died in the name of Christ that I
can’t believe it all…”
Deep Purple
The British rock band Deep Purple was formed in 1968
and continues to perform after a number of regroupings. It
was listed as the loudest rock band by Guinness Book of World
Records. The original band members were Rod Evans, Nick
Simper, Jon Lord, Ritchie Blackmore, and Ian Paice.
Guitarist Ritchie Blackmore (who went on to play in
Rainbow) was involved in the occult. He has held séances
(Circus, April 30, 1981, p. 46) and has claimed to practice
astral projection (out of body experiences) during his
concerts. He records in a 17th-century castle that is allegedly
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possessed by a demon that is servant to the Babylonian god,
Baal (The Rock Report, p. 73).
Three members and associates of Deep Purple have died
young.
Tommy Bolin, guitarist/song writer for Deep Purple and
other groups, died in 1976 on his 26th birthday from an
overdose of morphine, cocaine, Lidocaine and alcohol in a
hotel room.
Ronnie Quinton, roadie for Deep Purple, was killed in a
car crash in 1975 at roughly age 28.
Patsy Collins, bodyguard and roadie for Deep Purple, fell
down six floors of an elevator shaft after an argument with
local promoters because of money owed the band in 1975,
dying at roughly age 30.
John Denver
The late rock singer John Denver (1943-1997), real name
Henry John Deutschendorf Jr., was one of the top five
recording artists in the sales history of the pop music
industry.
A New Age pantheist, in 1976 he established the Windstar
Foundation for environmental education and other efforts
“toward a sustainable future for the world.” He said:
“I’m a global citizen. I’ve created that for myself, and I
don’t want to step away from it. I want to work in
whatever I do—my music, my writing, my performing,
my commitments, my home and personal life—in a way
that is directed towards a world in balance, a world that
creates a better quality of life for all people” (John
Denver biography, imusic, http://imusic.com/showcase/
country/johndenver.html).
John Denver followed EST (Erhard Seminar Training). On
the inside cover to his Back Home Again album he stated:
“Participating in EST has created an amazing amount of
space for joy and aliveness in my life. It pleases me to share
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EST with you.” He dedicated his Wingsong album “to Werner
Erhard and everyone in EST.” “Erhard basically has a
pantheist view of life. We are all just little ‘gods.’ There is
neither wrong nor right. This movement is subtly based on
Zen Buddhism and teaches the disciple never to use the
rational mind, but to open up to the so-called ‘ever present
now’” (Mundy, The Role of Rock, p. 177).
The following is Denver’s testimony:
“It was during the summer of 1971 that Denver and his
wife Annie moved to Aspen. There he had his ‘born
again’ experience. From it he emerged an eco-aware
pantheist. Pantheism is the belief that God and the law
and the forces of nature are one. It happened this way —
while camping out at an 11,000 foot high lake in the
Rockies, he and some friends witnessed a spectacular
meteor shower. He claims he watched it for 2 hours and
saw it ‘rainin’ in the sky.’ Afterwards he wrote his famous
‘Rocky Mountain High’ hit. The artist believes the
flowers are his sisters and brothers. He also believes the
Rocky Mountains are living and will never die. He talks
of having an on-going relationship with God, of being
God, and told a news reporter he’d rather get stoned
than drunk. Perhaps his Rocky Mountain High comes
from Rocky Mountain hash. During an interview in
Australia, he stated, ‘Sure, I enjoy hash. I have a lot of
fun with the stuff.’ He doesn’t believe it should get out of
hand, though and has stated, ‘I do not think marijuana
is harmful, if handled responsibly’” (Focus, October
1986, page 8).
Denver said, “Rock music is a greater influence over the
souls of men than primitive Christianity” (Spin, April 1989, p.
121). While it might be true that more men are influenced
today by rock & roll than New Testament Christianity, there
are many things that rock cannot do for its listeners that the
truth of Christ can do: chiefly, rock music cannot forgive
their sins, and it cannot save them from eternal hell.
Denver was twice divorced.
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He died in October 1997 at age 53 when his experimental
airplane crashed in Monterey Bay off the coast of California.
His pilot’s license had been suspended seven months earlier
due to his multiple drunk-driving convictions.
Neil Diamond
Neil Diamond (b. 1941) had many Top 10 hits in the late
’60s, ’70s, and early ’80s.
In 1968, Diamond created an organization called
Performers Against Drugs, but in 1976 he was arrested for
possession of marijuana.
In 1969, he divorced his first wife, Jayen Posner, after eight
years of marriage; nine days later he married his production
assistant, Marcia Kay Murphey. The cover to Neil Diamond’s
album Jonathan Livingston Seagull depicts pagan religious
books such as the Bhagavid-gita, The Sermon on the Mount
according to Vedanta, KRSNA Supreme Personality of
Godhead, and The Aquarian Gospel of Jesus the Christ.
The Doors
Jim Morrison (1944-1971), lead singer for The Doors, was
a drug-soaked rebel who was fascinated with the occult. He
said, “I’ve always been attracted to ideas that were about
revolt against authority—when you make your peace with
authority you become an authority. I like ideas about the
breaking away or overthrowing of established order—I am
interested in anything about revolt, disorder, chaos, especially
activity that seems to have no meaning” (Doors press kit). He
sang, “We want the world and we want it NOW!” At his
concerts he would shout, “There are no rules; there are no
limits.”
The name of this rock group was an allusion to extrasensory perception, knowledge of hidden things,
supernatural experiences which open up channels of
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communication with the spirit world. The name was possibly
from the book The Doors of Perception by Aldous Huxley,
which describes his mescaline drug experiences. The name
also possibly refers to a phrase by William Blake: “There are
things that are known and things that are unknown; in
between are doors.” The line “break on through to the other
side” in the popular Doors’ song, alluded to this.
What Morrison was willfully ignorant of was the biblical
truth that there are only two spiritual worlds: the true God
and the impostor “god of this world, the devil. And when one
breaks out of this life, there are only two destinations: heaven
or hell.
Morrison and his band had a vast and wicked influence in
the 1960s, and their music continues to have the same
influence to this day. Morrison’s life has been glorified in
print and film. “To the hundreds of thousands, perhaps
millions, in his audience, Jim was a welcome rebel, a fantasy
partner in sex, the Lizard king; romantically crazy” (Jerry
Hopkins, No One Gets out of Here Alive, pp. 183, 184).
Even in the 1990s, Morrison’s gravesite was the third most
popular visitor destination in Paris, France. In July 1991, on
the 20th anniversary of Morrison’s death, nearly 1,000 fans
gathered outside the gates of the cemetery. Appropriately,
there was a violent melee, during which an automobile was
crashed and burned, three people were injured, and 21
arrested.
Several colleges and universities include Morrison’s weird
poetry in their curricula. His book The Lords and the New
Creatures had gone through 31 printings by the mid 1990s.
The posthumously published book of poems, Wilderness: The
Lost Writings of Jim Morrison, went on the New York Times
bestseller list immediately upon its release. The Doors’ music
is still popular on television music channels. Though dead,
Morrison is described as “a living symbol of rebellion and
alienation.”
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The record of Morrison’s life as a rock & roll musician
reads like that of a drugged out maniac: perpetual
drunkenness (“alcohol was Jim’s panacea, the magic potion
that answered his needs”), public nakedness and other types
of lewd public conduct, daily acid trips, destruction of private
property, beating his girlfriends, threatening people with
violence, stealing things even from his friends, cursing,
blaspheming, lying, vandalizing public property. He was
arrested for lewd behavior and profane and indecent
language at a concert in Miami, Florida. One time he drove
through four red lights on Sunset Boulevard going about 100
miles per hour (Rock Bottom, p. 200). At the urging of his
girlfriend, Morrison saw a psychiatrist at least two times
(Ibid., p. 195). Morrison slept with married women and
unmarried alike. Following is the description of his treatment
of a girlfriend named Katie:
“Sometimes Jim would disappear with her car for days,
leaving Katie to walk and wonder. Other times he stayed
at her apartment for days, making a terrible mess and
abusing her viciously, castigating her with a satanic
tongue, boasting drunkenly of the other women in his
life, threatening to take a knife to the huge paintings
she’d done in school and hung on her apartment
walls” (Jerry Hopkins, No One Gets out of Here Alive, p.
75).
Morrison treated his own mother and father just as badly
as he treated his girlfriends. His father, who at age 47 had
become the youngest admiral in the United States Navy, paid
his son’s way through four years of college, but Morrison
would not even speak to him after he started his rock career.
When Morrison’s mother attended one of his concerts in an
attempt to see him, she was put off and lied to. Earlier that
day she called him at his motel room and he begrudgingly
spoke with her for a few minutes on the phone. He answered
her anxious questions about his wellbeing with mere
incommunicative grunts. After he hung up the phone, he told
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those standing by, “I don’t want to talk to her ever again.”
When she came to the concert four hours early trying to see
him, his friends lied to her for him, saying he was busy and
could not see her until after the concert. He closed the
concert with the vile song “The End,” in which he viciously
screamed that he wanted to kill his father and have sexual
relations with his mother. As he sang that part, “he gave his
mother a vacant stare, and then he screamed again, this time
showing his teeth” (Ibid.). He left the city without seeing his
mother, without even telling her goodbye. Morrison
deceitfully told people his parents were dead.
Morrison was a draft dodger who got out of military by
drugging himself with an assortment of pills to tamper with
his blood pressure, respiration, vision, and speech, and by
telling the doctors he was a homosexual.
Jim Morrison called the spirits that at times possessed him
“The Lords” and wrote a book of poetry about them entitled
The Lords and the New Creatures, published by Simon &
Schuster.
“Throughout The New Creatures the words and phrases of
sexual conflict interlocked with images of pain and death.
There were assassinations, lynchings, earthquakes, ghost
children, trench mouth, gonorrhea, evil snakeroot, people
dancing on broken bones, lootings, riots, and artists in hell.
There was a grotesque otherworldliness… a tour of the
wasteland … profound despair” (No One Gets out of Here
Alive, p. 240).
One of the band members described The Doors’ concerts
this way:
“When the Siberian shaman gets ready to go into his
trance, all the villagers get together... and play whatever
instruments they have to send him off [into trance and
possession]. … It was the same way with The Doors
when we played in concert... I think that our drug
experience let us get into it... [the trance state] quicker....
It was like Jim was an electric shaman and we were the
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electric shaman’s band, pounding away behind him.
Sometimes he wouldn’t feel like getting into the state,
but the band would keep on pounding and pounding,
and little by little it would take him over. God, I could
send an electric shock through him with the organ. John
could do it with his drumbeats” (Doors keyboardist Ray
Manzarek, cited by Jerry Hopkins and Daniel Sugerman,
No One Here Gets out Alive, pp. 158-60).
Of his performances, Morrison said: “I feel spiritual up
there performing” (Newsweek, Nov. 6, 1967, p. 101). He was
“spiritual,” but the spirit that controlled him was not holy.
Describing The Doors’ music, Morrison said: “Right now I’m
more interested in the dark side of life, the evil thing, the
dark side of the moon, the night-time. But in our music it
seems to me that we’re seeking, striving, trying to break
through to some clearer, freer realm.”
Morrison was a student of the occult and had performed
blood drinking rituals and Wiccan ceremonies. Morrison was
fascinated with snakes and lizards. On the back cover of The
Doors 13 album, Morrison and the other members of the
band are shown posing with a bust of Aleister Crowley. One
of his girlfriends, Patricia Kennedy, was “an initiated,
practicing witch, high priestess of a coven.” They were
“married” in 1970 in a Wiccan ceremony that involved calling
up goddesses and drinking their blood in a chalice.
“One of Patricia’s friends, a high priestess of a coven,
conducted the ceremony, assisted by a high priest. They
led Jim and Patricia through a traditional handfasting,
with prayers and an invocation of the Goddess,
blessings, the making of two small cuts on each partner’s
wrist and forearm, and the mixing of a few drops of
their blood, a ritual stepping over a broomstick, the
exchanging of certain vows, and the final calling down
of the Goddess’s presence” (Jerry Hopkins, No One Here
Gets out Alive, p. 296).
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The Doors song “Soft Parade” blasphemously proclaimed
that “You CANNOT petition the Lord with prayer!”
Jim Morrison dedicated the song “Take It as It Comes” to
Maharishi, the father of Transcendental Meditation
(Hopkins, p. 109). Ray Manzarek and Robbie Krieger of The
Doors practiced Transcendental Meditation.
There was much violence at Doors concerts. In a concert in
Chicago in May 1968, fans rioted and were clubbed and
kicked back from the stage by the police and the road crew.
In New York in August 1968, wooden folding chairs were
hurled at the police. Hundreds were injured in the melee.
Morrison incited both the rioters and the police. He badgered
the police and mocked them in front of the crowds, and he
urged his fans to do immoral and violent things.
Morrison was arrested many times. He was arrested in
Miami in 1969 for lewd public behavior during a concert and
in October 1970 was convicted of profanity and exposing
himself. Later that year he was arrested by the FBI for
disorderly conduct and assault on a commercial airlines
flight. In August 1970, he was arrested in California for
public drunkenness. At one time he had twenty paternity
suits filed against him. When girlfriend Patricia got pregnant,
Morrison urged her to get an abortion and he paid for it. He
told her, “If you have the kid, it’ll be your kid. If you want the
abortion, I’ll pay for it and I’ll come to New York to be with
you when you have it” (Hopkins, p. 308). When she did get
the abortion, Morrison was not with her and did not even
call.
Jim Morrison died in 1971 at age 27 of an alcohol and drug
induced heart attack in France. Only a few weeks past his
27th birthday, he gloomily told his friends that he felt like he
was twenty years older. His live-in girlfriend Pamela died
three years later of a heroin overdose.
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Bob Dylan
From my “hippie” days, I well remember the heyday of
rock legend Bob Dylan (birth name Robert Zimmerman).
His hit song “The Times They Are A-Changin” appeared in
1964. I had started listening to rock music in the early 1960s
and was consumed with it until I was saved in 1973.
Dylan, who was included on Time magazine’s list 100 most
important people of the twentieth century, helped to
popularize the merging of folk and rock music. He was one of
the chief poets of the 60s generation. His songs posed many
questions, but he had no answers. In “Blowing in the Wind,”
he asked such things as, “How many roads must a man walk
down before he is called a man?” What is the answer? “The
answer, my friends, is blowing in the wind...” This means that
he doesn’t know the answer and he is not sure anyone knows
the answer. Sadly, that is the philosophy of most of Dylan’s
fans because they have rejected the Bible as the Word of God.
Dylan’s vast influence has been anything but godly. He
lived out-of-wedlock with folk singer Joan Baez and
introduced the Beatles to marijuana (Peter Brown, The Love
You Make: An Insider’s Story of the Beatles). Dylan “went
through some profound drug experiences during 1964-5,
taking up Baudelair’s formula for immortality: ‘A poet makes
himself a seer by a long prodigious and rational disordering
of the senses.’ He … tried just about everything he could to
‘open his head’ as biographer Tony Scaduto puts it” (Henry
Shapiro, Waiting for the Man, p. 144). Many of Dylan’s songs
were about drugs, including “Lay Down Your Weary Tune,”
“Subterranean Homesick Blues,” and “Mr. Tambourine Man.”
Dylan’s backup group, known simply as the Band, was
formerly called Ronnie Hawkins and the Hawks. They “had a
reputation for pill popping, whoring, and brawling that was
second to none” (Robert Palmer, Rock & Roll an Unruly
History, p. 3).
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The cover to Dylan’s Desire album (1976) depicts him
smoking marijuana in one corner, a black magic tarot card in
another corner, and a huge Buddha in a bottom corner. Next
to Buddha are the words: “I have a brother or two and a
whole lot of Karma to burn … Isis and the moon shine on
me” (Muncy, The Role of Rock, p. 167). Isis, of course, is an
ancient goddess.
In 1977, Dylan divorced Sara Lowndes, his wife of 12 years
and the mother of his four children. In 1986, he married his
backup singer Carolyn Dennis after they had a child out of
wedlock. They divorced in 1992.
In 1978, Dylan attended a home Bible study with girlfriend
Mary Alice. She had “re-dedicated her life to Christ” and was
concerned that she was living with an unsaved man who was
not her husband. She invited two assistant pastors from the
Hollywood Vineyard Church (associated with the Vineyard
Christian Fellowship under the leadership of the late John
Wimber) to visit Dylan’s home. Dylan’s testimony was as
follows: “One thing led to another ... until I had this feeling,
this vision and feeling. I truly had a born-again experience,
if you want to call it that. It’s an over-used term, but it’s
something that people can relate to” (Steve Turner, Hungry
for Heaven, p. 160, citing a November 1980 interview with
Robert Hillburn of the Los Angeles Times).
From this testimony, we can see the influence of Vineyard
theology, which focuses on experiential feelings, visions,
voices, personal prophecies, healing, tongues, and such
things. This was particularly true during the heyday of John
Wimber’s influence. (See “John Wimber” in the Directory of
Contemporary Christian Worship Musicians, available as a
free eBook from www.wayoflife.org.) The experienceoriented theology does not produce stability in the Christian
life.
Dylan spent three and a half months at the Vineyard
church’s School of Discipleship, and his next three albums,
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Slow Train Coming (1979), Saved (1980), and Shot of Love
(1981), were gospel albums of sorts.
Dylan did not attend church regularly and soon quit
altogether. By the early 1980s, he repudiated his claim to the
Christian faith and returned to his eclectic religious faith and
rock & roll lifestyle.
The Washington Post, July 21, 1983, stated that Dylan
believes in reincarnation and claims that “everyone is born
knowing the truth.”
An article in the San Luis Obispo (California) Register for
March 16, 1983, quoted Dylan as saying: “Whoever said I was
Christian? Like Gandhi, I’m Christian, I’m Jewish, I’m a
Moslem, I’m a Hindu. I am a humanist.”
In 1984, Dylan told Kurt Loder of Rolling Stone magazine:
“I’ve never said I’m born again. That’s just a media term. I
don’t think I’ve been an agnostic. I’ve always thought there’s a
superior power, that this is not the real world and that there’s
a world to come” (Rolling Stone, June 21, 1984; reprinted in
Dylan on Dylan: The Essential Interviews, p. 288).
When asked by Loder if he belonged to any church, Dylan
replied, “Not really; uh, the Church of the Poisoned mind.”
In 1997, Dylan made the following statement to David
Gates of Newsweek magazine:
“Here’s the thing with me and the religious thing. This is
the flat-out truth: I find the religiosity and philosophy in the
music. I don't find it anywhere else. Songs like ‘Let Me Rest
on a Peaceful Mountain’ or ‘I Saw the Light’--that’s my
religion. I don’t adhere to rabbis, preachers, evangelists, all of
that. I’ve learned more from the songs than I’ve learned from
any of this kind of entity. The songs are my lexicon. I believe
the songs” (David Gates, “Dylan Revisited,” Newsweek,
October 6, 1997).
Even rock historian Steve Turner, who has attempted to
justify Dylan’s apostasy, admits: “The womanizing and
drunkenness that Dylan once saw as evidence of the old life
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have apparently continued almost uninterrupted” (Turner,
“Watered Down Love,” Christianity Today, May 21, 2001).
In September 1997, Dylan performed before Pope John
Paul II at a Roman Catholic youth festival in Bologna, Italy. A
crowd of 300,000 young people attended the festival. The 56year-old Dylan sang two songs directly to the Pope. Dylan
then took off his cowboy hat and bowed before him. The
Catholic organizer of the festival, Cardinal Ernesto Vecchi,
said that he had invited Dylan because he is the
“representative of the best type of rock” and “he has a
spiritual nature.” The Associated Press exclaimed, “It’s the
stuff of which legends are made: the rebel who’s been knock,
knock, knocking on heaven’s door meeting the man with the
keys to the kingdom.”
Dylan has dabbled in Lubavitch Hasidism, an ultraorthodox form of Judaism, suggesting that he was exploring
his Jewish roots. “Bob Dylan, the Midwestern Jew who
drifted away from Judaism while pursuing his career as singer
and songwriter, appeared at synagogue prayers on the Yom
Kippur Day of Atonement and was honored with a call to the
reading of the Torah, according to Shmais.com. He attended
the Chabad synagogue of Beth Tfiloh in Atlanta, Georgia. The
crowd of 900 other worshippers quickly identified the 66year-old Dylan, whose original name is Robert Zimmerman.
He was called to the sixth of seven parts of the Torah reading
and remained for the sermon and the memorial service of
Yizkor” (“Day of Atonement Draws Dylan to the Torah,”
Arutz Sheva, Israel National News, Sept. 24, 2007).
In a 2015 interview with AARP magazine, Dylan praised
Billy Graham. He said:
“Billy Graham was the greatest preacher and evangelist of
my time--that guy could save souls and did. I went to two or
three of his rallies in the ’50s or ’60s. This guy was like rock ’n’
roll personified--volatile, explosive. He had the hair, the tone,
the elocution--when he spoke, he brought the storm down.
Clouds parted. Souls got saved, sometimes 30- or 40,000 of
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them. If you ever went to a Billy Graham rally back then, you
were changed forever. There’s never been a preacher like him.
He could fill football stadiums before anybody. ... Long before
Mick Jagger sang his first note or Bruce strapped on his first
guitar--that’s some of the part of rock ’n’ roll that I retained. I
had to. I saw Billy Graham in the flesh and heard him loud
and clear” (“Looking Deeper into Dylan,” AARP the
magazine, Feb.-Mar. 2015).
This is a strange statement. Dylan was changed forever in
the 1950s and 1960s by Graham’s preaching? Dylan, the drug
user who taught the 1960s generation that there are no
answers to life’s mysteries (e.g., “Blowin’ in the Wind”), who
included Tarot cards and Buddhas on his album covers, who
made a profession of faith in Christ in the 1980s only to
repudiate it?
Actually, Bob Dylan represents a large percentage of Billy
Graham’s converts. Multitudes of people professed faith in
Christ, but biblical evidence of the new birth was rare.
Graham helped Christianize America, but it was a house built
on sand.
A Bargain with the Devil?
In an interview with Ed Bradley, aired on 60 Minutes, June
26, 2005, the 63-year-old rock singer said that his early songs
were “almost magically written … kind of a penetrating
magic.” He also said that he made a bargain with the devil.
Question: Why do you still do it? Why are you still out
here?
Dylan: It goes back to that destiny thing. I made a bargain
with it a long time ago, and I’m holding up my end.
Q: What was your bargain?
Dylan: To get where I am now.
Q: Should I ask whom you made the bargain with?
Dylan: With the chief commander.
Q: On this earth?
Dylan: (laughing) On this earth and the world we can’t see.
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It could be argued that Dylan was referring to a bargain he
made with God, but that makes no sense. As Brian Snider
wrote to me on this matter: “Who makes a bargain with God
to be a rock star? Everyone knows you make that deal with
the devil. Down at the crossroads.”
This refers to the old blues concept of selling one’s soul to
the devil, something that Robert Johnson and others have
sung about.
A bargain with the devil would explain Dylan’s strange life.
Faces
The British rock band Faces was called the Small Faces
(because the band members were all short) when it was
formed in 1965 and was composed of Steve Marriott, Jimmy
Winston, Ronnie “Plonk” Lane, and Kenney Jones. In 1969,
the name of the group was shortened to Faces with some
lineup changes. Singer Rod Stewart and guitarist Ronnie
Wood joined the band, and Marriott left to form Humble Pie.
The band broke up in 1974. Ronnie Wood then joined the
Rolling Stones, and Kenney Jones eventually replaced
deceased drummer Keith Moon in The Who.
“Notorious for their hard-partying, boozy tours, and
ragged concerts, the Faces lived the rock ‘n’ roll lifestyle to the
extreme” (All Music Guide to Rock, p. 324).
Three members of the Faces have died young. Guitarist
Jimmy McCulloch, who played with the Faces in the 1970s
and later played with Paul McCartney’s group Wings, died in
September 1979 at age 46, apparently from the effects of
drugs (Waiting for the Man, p. 226). Steve Marriott died in
1991 at age 44 in a fire at his cottage. Ronnie Lane died of
multiple sclerosis in 1997 at age 51.
Rod Stewart (b. 1945) is well known for his immoral
lifestyle. Many of his songs describe fornication in a plain
manner. His way of “letting off steam” is “drinking, taking
drugs, and picking up groupies…” (Rolling Stone, March
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1982). He said, “A happy home life, security, and in-laws
aren’t conductive to making rock ‘n’ roll” (Stewart, Circus,
Oct. 17, 1978, p. 36). Jan Donaldson bore Stewart a baby girl
out of wedlock in 1963, but he never married her. After
joining the Faces in 1969, Stewart had “a high-profile
romance with live-in girlfriend Dee Harrington.” He left her
for model Britt Ekland, former wife of actor Peter Sellers. His
relationship with Ekland ended acrimoniously. She sued him
for $15 million in palimony, and he settled out of court.
Stewart married Alana Hamilton in April 1979 after he had
impregnated her (she was married previously to actor George
Hamilton). Stewart and Alana had two children, but the
marriage could not endure his unfaithfulness, and they
divorced in 1984. Stewart lived with model Kelly Emberg
from 1985 to 1990 and they had one child, a daughter named
Ruby, though they never married. In December 1990, Stewart
married 21-year-old model Rachel Hunter, and they have two
children.
Stewart also said: “I always wanted to be attractive to men.
That’s half the people who buy our records” (Rolling Stone,
June 21, 1973, p. 39).
Stewart’s song “Foolish Behavior” describes a man
contemplating the murder of his wife: “I’m gonna kill my
wife/ I’m really gonna take her life/ … maybe blow out her
brains with a bullet/ they’ll think it’s suicide/ they won’t know
who done it/ … I’ve got my hand locked around her throat.”
Fleetwood Mac
Fleetwood Mac was formed by Mick Fleetwood in 1967
and was very popular in the 1960s and ’70s. Their song “Black
Magic Woman” was a hit in 1968 and again in 1973. By the
early 1980s, the band members pursued solo music careers.
Fleetwood Mac’s singer, Stevie Nicks, was deeply involved
in witchcraft. Rolling Stone called her “Fleetwood Mac’s blond
priestess of the occult” (Sept. 17, 1981, p. 57). She has dressed
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as a witch on some of her solo album covers. Her music was
published under the name “Welch Witch Music.” She said her
song “Rhiannon” is about a welsh witch. She incorporated
crystal balls into her album covers. The promotional booklet
for her 1983 Wild Heart Tour says: “She believes in angels,
witches and magic wands.” The cover of The Wild Heart
album featured Nicks acting out occultic rituals. “The idea for
the cover of her solo album Bella Donna came to her in a
dream. It features a crystal ball (endorsing divination), a
tambourine (symbolizing the porthole of perception to the
spirit world), and three roses (representing the power of
pyramids)” (Rolling Stone, Sept. 3, 1981, p. 18). Nicks’ song
“Lonely Night” was dedicated to all the lonely witches in the
world (The Rock Report, p. 41). Don Henley, drummer for the
Eagles, claimed that he impregnated Stevie Nicks in the
mid-1970s and that she had an abortion (Moser, Rock Stars,
p. 68).
In 1980, John McVie of Fleetwood Mac, and his wife, Julie,
were arrested in Honolulu for possession of cocaine. Mick
Fleetwood estimated that he had spent $8 million on cocaine
(Moser, Rock Stars, p. 76).
Guitarist Jeremy Spencer left the group while they were on
an American tour and joined the Children of God cult.
Outright insanity has pursued Fleetwood Mac musicians.
Of the original leader, Peter Green, it was said that “he took
LSD and went on a 25-year-trip. He was sent to a mental
hospital after attacking his manager with a gun. He was
diagnosed as a schizophrenic and spent 10 years under
psychiatric treatment. He wore white robes and fought to give
all the band’s money away (Moser, Rock Stars, p. 74). By the
end of the 1980s “tabloids were reporting that the former
guitar god was sleeping without a roof over his
head” (Unknown Legends, p. 121). He lived with his parents at
times and “was sleeping for up to 20 hours a day” (Whatever
Happened to... p. 76). In the 1990s Green returned to playing
in a low-key fashion.
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Fleetwood Mac guitarist Danny Kirwan was admitted to a
psychiatric institution in 1972 after bashing his head against
the wall, smashing his guitar, and being unable to perform his
music.
Bob Welsh shot himself to death in June 2012 at age 65.
Marvin Gaye
Marvin Gaye (1939-1984) (he added the “e” to his last
name when he entered show business) was raised in a strict
but grossly inconsistent Pentecostal home. His father was a
preacher in a Washington, D.C. church called “the House of
God, the Holy Church of the Living God, the Pillar and
Ground of the Truth, the House of Prayer for All People.” The
small denomination is described as “a long-winded
Pentecostal sect with a strong Orthodox Jewish
overlay” (Stairway to Heaven, p. 98). They maintained strict
Jewish dietary laws and celebrated only Old Testament
religious festivals. Their services were characterized by
Pentecostal confusion: “tongues,” ecstatic outbursts, repetitive
praise chants. The elder Gay was a very strange preacher. He
rarely worked, drank heavily, and even wore his wife’s silk
blouses, panties, and nylons on occasion. He was mean to his
sons, beating them unreasonably. Marvin described his
childhood as “living with a very peculiar, changeable, cruel,
and all-powerful king” (Rock Bottom, p. 104).
Marvin rebelled against this hypocrisy and created his own
type of insanity, attempting to combine sex with Jesus in an
extremely irreverent manner. He said, “I can’t see anything
wrong with sex between consenting adults. … Have your sex;
it can be very exciting if you’re lucky. I hope the music that I
present here makes you lucky” (album cover, Let’s Get It On,
1973). This album was called by critic Don Waller “The most
seductive, sensual record in all popular music.” “His ideal
state was one in which unbridled lust could coexist with deep
religious conviction. In his personal life he would slip from
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the pages of pornographic magazines to his copy of the Bible,
from the company of prostitutes to the company of
preachers” (Turner, Hungry for Heaven, p. 192). He even
inherited some of his father’s penchant for women’s clothing.
“Sexually, men don’t interest me. But seeing myself as a
woman is something that intrigues me” (Rock Bottom, p.
105).
In a 1982 interview with New Musician Express, Gaye
claimed that he was a Christian but “not an awfully evolved
Christian at this point.” It is obvious that the christ
worshipped by Marvin Gaye was not the Christ of the Bible,
“Who gave himself for us, THAT HE MIGHT REDEEM US
FROM ALL INIQUITY, and purify unto himself a peculiar
people, zealous of good works” (Titus 2:14).
Gaye believed in reincarnation, saying, “I respect the
Eastern religions. Their philosophies are beautiful and wise.
… I also believe in reincarnation” (Stairway to Heaven, p.
103).
He married a girl named Anna in 1961 and they adopted a
boy. The marriage, which was “volatile” and was
characterized by loud physical arguments, broke up in 1973,
but the two were not divorced until 1977. While still married
to Anna, Gaye moved in with 16-year-old Janis Hunter,
daughter of jazzman Slim Galliard. She was 17 years younger
than he. They had two children out of wedlock before he
divorced his first wife and married Janis. Not content with
debasing the wife of his youth in this fashion, he recorded an
album titled Here, My Dear, which contained “a gory,
pathetic, blow-by-blow account of their marriage and its
dissolution.”
By 1974 Gaye was deeply addicted to drugs and was
visiting prostitutes. Gaye’s biographer David Ritz said that
Marvin Gaye’s every decision was made high on drugs
(Waiting for the Man, p. 230). At one point he locked himself
in his apartment with a loaded gun and threatened to kill
himself or anyone who entered the room. “Periods of deep
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depression and thoughts of suicide haunted Marvin for the
rest of his life” (Rock ‘n’ Roll Heaven, p. 57). He had
squandered his music fortune and fled from the IRS to
Hawaii, where “he lived for a time in a converted bread
truck” (Stairway to Heaven, p. 105). In 1980, he moved to
Belgium to escape the IRS.
When he finally did marry Janis Hunter, she left him for
another soul singer, Teddy Pendergrass. By then, Gaye was
addicted to sadomasochistic pornography as well as to
marijuana, cocaine, and freebase heroin. His final tour in
1983 featured a finale in which Gaye sang his hit song “Sexual
Healing” dressed only in his underwear.
Gaye finally broke down into almost complete insanity and
moved back to his mother’s house. “He stayed in bed all day,
frozen with fear, waiting for the devil. He wanted his mother
to sleep by his side every night. Strange people kept coming
by, selling him drugs and all kinds of guns. He spent hours
sitting against the wall holding a pistol. Marvin took so many
drugs, he lost track of who he was. … His mother, Alberta,
told David Ritz that Marvin roughed up a couple of women
who came to pay him a visit. … With the shades always
drawn, Marvin snorted coke and watched
pornography” (Rock Bottom, p. 116).
Marvin Gaye died on April Fools Day, 1984 at age 44. He
was shot to death during an argument with his father, with
whom he had quarreled since his teenage years. While
Marvin had stayed in one room of the house using drugs, his
father had stayed in a room next door, drinking vodka. They
often ranted at each other. On that fatal Sunday, the two
argued again and Marvin hit his father and shoved him out of
his bedroom. The elder Gaye returned with a .38 caliber
revolver and shot Marvin several times in the chest with his
mother looking on. His father claimed self-defense,
eventually pleading no contest to voluntary manslaughter
and sentenced to five years probation.
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Grateful Dead
Originally called the Warlocks, the Grateful Dead was
formed in 1965 and became one of the most influential rock
bands of all time. For a couple of years, they lived
communally in the Haight-Ashbury section of San Francisco,
which was made famous during the hippie era. The band, led
by Jerry Garcia, was originally composed of Bob Weir, Ron
“Pigpen” McKernan, Phil Lesh, Bill Kreutzmann, and Mickey
Hart. Keith Godchaux joined the group in 1971. Brent
Mydland joined in 1979. There have been many personnel
changes since then.
“The Grateful Dead embody not only the cultic
potentials historically inherent in rock ‘n’ roll, but the
entire submerged linkage between rock and religion. …
the Dead’s legendary live concerts bear uncanny
resemblance to religious festivals…” (Stairway to
Heaven, p. 196).
In interviews with David Gans (Playing in the Band),
Grateful Dead band members admitted that they looked
upon their music as something like religion. Lesh said, “We
used to say that every place we played was church.” Garcia
added, “… on a certain level it’s a religion to me, too.” When
Bob Weir saw a performance by rhythm & blues singer Otis
Redding at the 1967 Monterey Pop Festival, he said: “I was
pretty sure I’d just seen God onstage” (Larry Nager, Memphis
Beat, p. 192).
GRATEFUL DEAD AND DRUGS. The Grateful Dead
glorified drug abuse as the house band for Ken Kesey’s Acid
Test, a series of public LSD parties. LSD chemist Owsley
Stanley III bankrolled the rock group for a while. Garcia
testified that Stanley’s “mind was completely shot.” The
Grateful Dead “arrived stoned, played stoned and their
fiercely loyal fans, ‘Deadheads,’ were stoned along with
them” (Waiting for the Man, p. 142). In 1967, all six members
of the Grateful Dead were busted for possession of marijuana.
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In 1968, Bob Weir and Ron McKernan of the Grateful Dead
were busted on a variety of drug charges after a police raid at
their San Francisco home (Muncy). In 1971, members of the
Grateful Dead were accused of distributing LSD-laced apple
juice to an unwitting audience. Police shut down the concert
and rushed 36 people to a nearby Crisis Clinic for treatment.
In 1972, Phil Lesh, bassist of The Grateful Dead, was arrested
for possession of drugs in Marin County, California. In 1973,
Jerry Garcia was arrested after being pulled over for speeding.
The police found pot, cocaine and LSD. In 1977, Rick Scully,
manager for The Grateful Dead, was jailed for four months
for conspiracy to smuggle marijuana. Scully was a chemist
who had planned to manufacture two hundred grams of LSD
(70 million doses) with the goal of spiking the water system
of major cities. In 1985, Jerry Garcia was arrested and
charged with possession of narcotics. He entered a drug
treatment program that year. A year later he collapsed into a
near-fatal coma caused by his drug use.
THE GRATEFUL DEAD AND THE OCCULT. The
Grateful Dead were fascinated by the occult at one point in
the band’s career. They devoured “all the information they
could find on ancient mysteries. They raided occult
bookstores in London and Paris and brought back folio
editions to California. They even managed to get a reader’s
ticket to London’s Warburg Institute, where the most
complete collection of magical books in the English language
is housed along with many of Aleister Crowley’s
manuscripts” (Turner, Hungry for Heaven, p. 119). In 1978,
they attempted to harness ancient mystic power by playing a
concert at the Egyptian pyramids. They spent half a million
dollars to ship themselves and their equipment to this
destination. Guitarist Phil Lesh described the effort: “I was
one of the first people in the group who was on the trip of
playing at places of power; power, that is, that has been
preserved from the ancient world. The pyramids are the
obvious number one choice, because no matter what anyone
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thinks they might be, there is definitely some kind of mojo
about the pyramids.”
In January 1967, a large rock concert was held to promote
Krishna Consciousness and the building of a Hindu temple.
Swami Prabhupada, founder of ISKCON (the International
Society for Krishna Consciousness) shared the stage with the
Grateful Dead, Big Brother and the Holding Company (Janis
Joplin’s band), Quicksilver Messenger Service, and Jefferson
Airplane. The guru led the 5,000 hippies in the Hare Krishna
chant for an hour.
At least seven musicians associated with the Grateful Dead
have died young, at least four of drug and alcohol abuse. Ron
“Pigpen” McKernan died in 1973 at age 27 of alcohol abuse.
Keith Godchaux died in 1980 at age 32 in a car crash. David
Torbert, founding member of the Grateful Dead offshoot
group The New Riders of the Purple Sage, died in 1982 at age
34 of a heart attack. Robert Peterson, who wrote several
Grateful Dead songs, died in 1987 at age 49 of an undisclosed
illness. Brent Mydland died in 1990 at age 37 from an
overdose of cocaine and heroin. John Kahn, bass guitarist
who backed Jerry Garcia on his live albums, died in 1996 at
age 48 of a drug overdose. Jerry Garcia died in 1995 just
seven days after his 53rd birthday of heart or liver failure
brought on by years of drug abuse. He died in a drug
treatment center where he was battling a heroin addiction.
Tim Hardin
Tim Hardin, rock singer and songwriter, whose songs such
as “If I Were a Carpenter” and “Reason to Believe” were
covered by many rockers, died of a heroin overdose in
December 1980, only six days after his 39th birthday. Hardin
had long abused alcohol, drugs, and women. “He took
everything to the limits—then stretched them. He ate in
binges, drank to excess, smoked constantly, doped himself up
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excessively, loved suffocatingly” (Tattooed on Their Tongues,
p. 212).
Jimi Hendrix
Jimi Hendrix (1942-1970) was one of the most famous of
all rock guitarists.
He attended church some in his youth, later testifying: “I
used to go to Sunday School but the only thing I believe in
now is music” (Hendrix, cited by Curtis Knight, Jimi).
As a teenager growing up in Seattle, Washington, he began
imitating the playing styles of black rhythm and blues
guitarists such as Robert Johnson, Muddy Waters, and B.B.
King. The late rock guitar virtuoso Mike Bloomfield observed
that Hendrix was “the blackest guitarist I’ve ever heard. His
music is deeply rooted in pre-blues ... Jimi especially loved
the real old black musical forms, and they pour out in his
playing” (David Henderson, ‘Scuse Me While I Kiss the Sky, p.
192). In the beginning of his rock & roll career, Hendrix
toured with Little Richard and did session work with various
groups. In the spring of 1964, Hendrix joined the Isley
Brothers, and by the end of that year, he was playing for
Curtis Knight and the Squares.
In 1965, he launched a solo career and by the following
year, he had formed his own band, the Jimi Hendrix
Experience. Their first album, the drug-influenced Are You
Experienced, appeared the following year. Following his
performance at the June 1967 Monterey Pop Festival,
Hendrix became an international rock superstar. In 1969, the
Jimi Hendrix Experience was disbanded and a new group was
formed called the Band of Gypsies.
The British rock session drummer, Rocki (Kwasi
Dzidzornu), who has recorded with many famous bands such
as the Rolling Stones, Spooky Tooth, and Ginger Baker,
understood that the music of Jimi Hendrix was akin to
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voodoo music. Note the following amazing statement from
Hendrix’s biography:
“He [Hendrix] had gotten a chance to see Rocki and
some other African musicians on the London scene. He
found it a pleasure to play rhythms against their
polyrhythms. They would totally get outside, into
another kind of space that he had seldom been in
before. ... Rocki’s father was a voodoo priest and the
chief drummer of a village in Ghana, West Africa.
Rocki’s real name was Kwasi Dzidzornu. One of the first
things Rocki asked Jimi was where he got that voodoo
rhythm from. When Jimi demurred, Rocki went on to
explain in his halting English that many of the signature
rhythms Jimi played on guitar were very often the same
rhythms that his father played in voodoo ceremonies.
The way Jimi danced to the rhythms of his playing
reminded Rocki of the ceremonial dances to the
rhythms his father played to Oxun, the god of thunder
and lightning. The ceremony is called voodooshi. As a
child in the village, Rocki would carve wooden
representatives of the gods. They also represented his
ancestors. These were the gods they worshiped. They
would jam a lot in Jimi’s house. One time they were
jamming and Jimi stopped and asked Rocki point-blank,
‘You communicate with God, do you?’ Rocki said, ‘Yes, I
communicate with God’” (Henderson, ‘Scuse Me While I
Kiss the Sky, pp. 250,251).
Many defenders of rock & roll mock the idea that there
might be a direct connection between rock music and
voodoo and African tribal occultic paganism. There are
proponents of “Christian rock” music who label such an idea
“racist.” In Hendrix’s biography, though, we see that the nonChristian son of an actual voodoo priest observed a direct
connection between the music of rock star Jimi Hendrix and
idolatrous voodoo. Is the black African rock drummer Rocki
a racist for making such an observation? His remarks on this
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cannot be dismissed conveniently as the ranting of a biblical
fundamentalist!
Hendrix flaunted an immoral lifestyle, living intimately
with a succession of women but never legally marrying. He
said: “Marriage isn’t my scene; we just live together. Those
bits of paper you call marriage certificates are only for people
who feel insecure” (Henderson, p. 245). At times he slept with
married women. Of his relationship with a woman named
Monique, for example, Hendrix’s biographer says: “Another
man’s wife—no matter—Hendrix needed her very
much” (Henderson, p. 201). One of his longtime girlfriends
was bisexual, and “she did not give up her female lovers for
Hendrix; in fact, she often served both Hendrix and another
woman in their famous threesomes” (Henderson, p. 296).
Hendrix also promoted immorality through his music and
his concerts. His song “Fire” was “basically a vehicle for
shouted phrases of sexual innuendo that went as close to the
borderline as possible” (Henderson, ‘Scuse Me While I Kiss
the Sky, p. 115). When complaints were made about his erotic
behavior onstage, he replied: “Perhaps it is sexy ... but what
music with a big beat isn’t?” (Henderson, p. 117). We would
agree that rock & roll is sensual by its very nature. Hendrix’s
1968 album Electric Ladyland featured 20 nude women on
the album cover.
At times, Hendrix was a violent man. In January 1968, he
was arrested after destroying a hotel room in Sweden in a
drunken rage. His biographer notes that this foolish action
increased his hero stature to the youth of Sweden because “to
them he was a true rebel.” “Jimi had the beautiful Eurasian
girl, Meryl, down on the floor and was beating her head
against it. [Hendrix’s friend] Vishwa had seen the violent side
of Jimi before and was more worried about his state of mind
than about a few blows” (Henderson, pp. 325, 326). Hendrix
also promoted violence through his music, at times
destroying his guitars and amplifiers during concerts and
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setting his guitar on fire. This would send the young concertgoers into a frenzy.
Hendrix abused drugs and alcohol. He took acid, smoked
marijuana, used heroin and amphetamines, drank liquor.
Noel Redding testified: “Whether it was true or not, we felt
we had to be stoned to play properly. Good dope equaled
good music” (A Time to Rock, p. 200).
Hendrix was deeply involved in occultism and mysticism
and these themes permeated his music. His song “Voodoo
Chile” glorified voodoo practices such as out of body
experiences.
“Well I’m a voodoo child/ Lord I’m a voodoo child/ The
night I was born/ Lord, I swear the moon turned a fire
red/ … My poor mother cried out now the gypsy was
right/ And I seen her fell down right dead/ … ‘Cause I’m
a voodoo child/ Lord knows, I’m a voodoo child…”
His biographer, who spent five years researching his life,
noted that “Hendrix demonstrated a high order of voodoo ...
[he] showed the voodoo that related to the stars and to
magical transformation” (Henderson, p. 394). He believed in
nu m e ro l o g y, U F O s , t r a n s c e n d e nt a l m e d it at i on ,
reincarnation, and a variety of pagan and New Age concepts.
He thought rainbows were bridges that linked this world with
the unseen spirit world. “The Rainbow Bridge is a spiritual
concept, a spiritual bridge which New Age advocates claim
connects the ‘God-self ’ in every person to the ‘universal
mind,’ also known as the Over-soul. … The teaching of the
Rainbow Bridge, also called by its esoteric name
Antahkarana, was put forth in the writings of New Age leader
and teacher Alice Bailey” (Mark Spaulding, Heartbeat of the
Dragon, p. 189).
In July 1970, Hendrix set up a performance in Maui,
Hawaii, in an attempt to reach a higher level of New Age
spiritual awareness. When he arrived in Hawaii, he consulted
an elderly German fortune teller named Clara Schuff and was
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told that he descended from Egyptian and Tibetan royalty
and that his next life would be concerned with the magical
systems of Tibet. The performance was called “The Rainbow
Bridge Vibratory Color-Sound Experiment.” Hendrix was
invited to participate in this experiment by a commune called
the Rainbow Bridge Occult Research Meditation Center. The
Hendrix group gathered on the side of the Olowalu Volcano,
revered as a very holy place and called the Crater of the Sun
by native Hawaiians. For the occasion Hendrix wore Indian
medicine-man clothing and used a medicine-man tent. He
and all of the participants were high on LSD, hash, and liquor
during the “experiment.” (Two months later, he was dead.)
Hendrix’s Hawaii experiment was filmed and appeared in
the movie Rainbow Bridge. “The movie was also filled with
occultism previously taught and practiced by Alice Bailey and
her followers. The purpose of Bailey’s teaching was to initiate
the participants on a path of new spirituality—lead them into
a New Age, the Age of Aquarius. The purpose for the
‘Rainbow Bridge’ film was exactly the same. It was saturated
with Eastern occult teachings and techniques. Meditation,
astral projection, astrology, the worship of Indian yogis and
gurus (Paramahansa Yoganda, Lahiri Mahasaya, Meher Baba,
and Swami Satchadinanda), mind-altering drugs such as LSD
and hashish, chanting the Hindu mantra OM, the doctrine of
reincarnation; all these occult ideas were strongly promoted
by the movie” (Heartbeat of the Dragon, p. 190).
He claimed that his famous rock song “Purple Haze” came
from a dream in which he was lost in a haze under the sea but
was saved by Jesus (Hellhounds on Their Trail, pp. 169, 170).
He said the line “’scuse me while I kiss the sky” refers to a
drowning man bursting through the water’s surface to come
up for air. Hendrix’s frequent acid trips doubtless contributed
to these dreams.
Hendrix believed his music could open his listeners to
“cosmic powers” and that people can rise through various
spiritual levels through music. He believed in reincarnation
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and thought he was from another planet, an asteroid belt off
of Mars, and that he had come to earth to show people new
energy. He thought he had assumed other life forms in
previous lives:
“There’s no telling how many lives your spirit will go
through—die and be reborn. Like my mind will be back
in the days when I was a flying horse” (Hendrix,
interview with Robin Richman “An Infinity of Jimis,”
Life magazine, Oct. 3, 1969).
Hendrix believed in religion and “spirituality,” but he
unhesitatingly rejected Bible-believing Christianity and
considered the laws of God a form of bondage. He saw
himself and other rock singers as liberators of young people
from such laws. This philosophy was the heart and soul of
1960s rock.
“We’re in our little cement beehives in this society.
People let a lot of old-time laws rule them. The
establishment has set up the Ten Commandments for us
saying don’t, don’t, don’t. ... The walls are crumbling and
the establishment doesn’t want to let go. We’re trying to
save the kids, to create a buffer between the young and
old. Our music is shock therapy to help them realize a
little more of what their goals should be. ... The
establishment is so uptight about sex...” (Jimi Hendrix,
quoted by Henderson, ‘Scuse Me While I Kiss the Sky,
pp. 214, 215).
Just hours before he died, Hendrix wrote the following
poem:
“The story of Jesus/ so easy to explain/ after they
crucified him/ a woman, she claimed his name. … There
should be no questions/ there should be no lies/ He was
married ever happily after/ for all the tears we cry.”
The poem indicates that Hendrix believed the false idea
that Jesus was married and that he did not actually die.
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For all of his talk about “liberty,” Hendrix was in great
bondage. He believed he was possessed by the devil.
Girlfriend Fayne Pridgon said:
“HE USED TO ALWAYS TALK ABOUT SOME DEVIL
OR SOMETHING WAS IN HIM, you know. He didn’t
know what made him act the way he acted and what
made him say the things he said, and the songs and
different things like that … just came out of him. It
seems to me he was so tormented and just torn apart
and like he really was obsessed, you know, with
something really evil. … He said, ‘You’re from Georgia
… you should know how people drive demons out’—He
used to talk about us going … and having some root
lady or somebody see if she could DRIVE THIS
DEMON OUT OF HIM” (sound track from film Jimi
Hendrix, interview with Fayne Pridgon, cited by
Heartbeat of the Dragon, p. 50).
Hendrix understood the mystical and hypnotic power of
rock music.
“Atmospheres are going to come through music, because
the music is a spiritual thing of its own. ... I can explain
everything better through music. YOU HYPNOTIZE
PEOPLE TO WHERE THEY GO RIGHT BACK TO
THEIR NATURAL STATE, which is pure positive—like
childhood when you got natural highs. And when you
get people at their weakest point, you can preach into
the subconscious what we want to say. That’s why the
name ‘electric church’ flashes in and out” (Hendrix,
interview with Robin Richman “An Infinity of Jimis,”
Life magazine, Oct. 3, 1969).
“Once you have some type of rhythm, like it can get
hypnotic if you keep repeating it over and over again.
Most of the people will fall off by about a minute of
repeating. You do that say for three or four or even five
minutes if you can stand it, and then it releases a certain
thing inside of a person’s head. It releases a certain thing
in there so you can put anything you want right inside
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that, you know. So you do that for a minute and all of a
sudden you can bring the rhythm down a little bit and
then you say what you want to say right into that little
gap. It’s somethin’ to ride with, you know. You have to
ride with something. I ALWAYS LIKE TO TAKE
PEOPLE ON TRIPS. THAT’S WHY MUSIC IS
MAGIC” (Hendrix, cited by Henderson, ‘Scuse Me
While I Kiss the Sky, p. 356).
These are observations that should be taken seriously by
Christians. Though Jimi Hendrix was a licentious drug user,
he was also a brilliant and gifted musician and he understood
the nature of rock music as few men have. He was using
music to “take people on trips.” What trip? His trip. We know
that his trip was actually the devil’s trip. Hendrix had a
“church,” but it was not the church of Jesus Christ. Those who
think that there is no spiritual danger in rock music are
deceiving themselves and are leading others down the
primrose path of delusion.
Note, too, that Hendrix was referring to the power of the
music itself without the words.
Hendrix was a rock superstar and a rich man but he was
not happy. “Many people thought he was on the top of the
world, but his problems were monumental. For the first time
in years he dreaded his upcoming [27th]
birthday” (Henderson, pp. 291, 292). In early September 1970
he told a reporter, “I’ve been dead for a long time; I don’t
think I will live to see twenty-eight.”
A few days later, on September 18, 1970, Hendrix died in
London at age 27. The official cause of death was “Barbiturate
intoxication” and “inhalation of vomit.”
Several months earlier, Hendrix had said: “When I die I
want people to play my music, go wild and freak out and do
anything they wanna do” (Hendrix, interview with Don
Short, Daily Mirror, Jan. 11, 1969).
Soon after Hendrix’s death, two of his closest friends also
died strange and violent deaths. One of his girlfriends, Devon
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Wilson, died by falling through a plate glass window from an
upper story of a hotel. Michael Jeffery, Hendrix’s manager,
died in March 1973, when the commercial aircraft he was
flying in exploded. He was traveling to London to find out if
he would inherit Hendrix’s British royalties. Hendrix’s
biographer notes that “other close associates died, got strung
out, or went mad soon after his death” (David Henderson,
‘Scuse Me While I Kiss the Sky, p. 404). Monika Danneman,
who was with Hendrix when he died and who wrote a book
about him (The Inner World of Jimi Hendrix), apparently
committed suicide in 1995. Randy California (born Randy
Wolfe), who was given his stage name by Hendrix and who
played for a short while with Hendrix, drowned in Hawaii in
the early 1980s at roughly age 32 while attempting to save his
son’s life.
Iggy Pop and the Stooges
Iggy Pop (b. 1947), born James Jewel Osterberg, formed
the punk band in 1967. Inspired by The Doors, the group
debuted on Halloween 1967.
The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia describes his concerts as
follows: “Iggy contorting his shirtless torso, letting out primal
screams, rubbing peanut butter and raw steaks over his body,
gouging his skin with broken glass, diving into the crowd, all
while the Stooges played raw, basic rock.”
Iggy Pop testified, “I am totally into corruption” (Creem,
Nov. 1979, p. 27).
“Over the years, his notoriety grew with deeds such as
threatening and vilifying audiences, cutting himself with
broken bottles, pouring hot wax over his body, intentionally
smashing out his teeth, and throwing up, even urinating on
audiences…” (The Rock Who’s Who, 1982, p. 576, cited by
Why Knock Rock, p. 187). Iggy Pop’s vile music was about
rage and nihilism, the alleged meaningless of life. In the song
“The Idiot,” for example, the singer lamented that he cannot
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die. “Though I try to die, you put me back on the line…”
Most of the other lyrics are curse words.
Iggy Pop was deeply involved in drug abuse. To prepare
himself for concerts, he said he took “two grams of biker
speed, five trips of LSD and as much grass as could be inhaled
before a gig” (Creem, Nov. 1979, p. 30).
In 1970, Iggy Pop retired for over a year to kick a heroin
addiction. By 1973, he was again addicted. He committed
himself to a mental hospital in the mid-1970s.
Craig Pike, who backed Iggy Pop on bass, died in 1993 at
age 30 in a car crash.
Dave Alexander, bass guitarist for Iggy Pop and the
Stooges, died in 1975 at age 27 of pneumonia after years of
alcohol and chemical abuse.
Ian Curtis, vocalist for Joy Division, died in 1980 at age 25,
of suicide by hanging. Before hanging himself, he put on his
favorite Iggy Pop album, The Idiot.
Jefferson Airplane
Jefferson Airplane was formed in 1965 and was one of the
influential psychedelic rock bands of San Francisco. The
name was changed to Jefferson Starship, then simply to
Starship.
Jefferson Airplane’s original singer, Grace Slick, was one of
rock’s many “bad girls.” She was immoral and sacrilegious. At
times she stripped off her clothes on stage. She
blasphemously named her illegitimate child “god” (The Rock
Report, p. 85). Slick told the nurse, “We’re naming her ‘god’
with a small g; we want her to be humble” (Moser, Rock Stars,
p. 111). Before the birth certificate was recorded, though, the
child’s name was changed to “China Wing Kantner.” The
Jefferson Airplane song “The Son of Jesus” from the Long
John Silver album is filled with blasphemy against Jesus
Christ. The song claims that Christ’s miracles “go only so far,”
that he learned his “secret” wisdom in Egypt, that he had
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sexual relations with Mary Magdalene, and that God the
Father was sexually attracted to Jesus’ daughter. The song “El
Diablo” (Spanish for “the devil”) says, “El Diablo I can feel
your power in my soul…”
When Grace Slick joined Jefferson Airplane in 1966, she
was married to Jerry Slick. Five years later, while still married
to Jerry, she had a child out of wedlock with fellow band
member Paul Kantner. In 1976, she married the band’s
lighting director, Skip Johnson. Her alcoholism forced her to
quit the band soon thereafter for about five years.
“[Our music is intended] to change one set of values to
another … free minds … free dope … free bodies …
free music” (Paul Kantner of the Jefferson Airplane,
cited by Ben Fong-Torres, “Grace Slick with Paul
Kantner,” Rolling Stone Interviews, 1971, p. 447).
Their profane album Volunteers glorified revolution and
called upon young people to become “outlaws in America”
and to “tear down the walls.”
Grateful Dead, Big Brother and the Holding Company,
Quicksilver Messenger Service, and Jefferson Airplane. The
guru led the 5,000 hippies in the Hare Krishna chant for an
hour.
JEFFERSON AIRPLANE AND DRUGS: The song “White
Rabbit” openly promoted drug usage. Grace Slick testified:
“We all use drugs and we condone the judicious use of drugs
by every one. Kids are going to blow their minds somehow,
and this is a better way to do it than racking up their car
against the wall. Let them groove, do their own thing, have
sex in the open” (Grace Slick, Cavalier, June 1968). The
Jefferson Airplane album Bark was entirely written under the
influence of cocaine (Waiting for the Man, p. 229). Kantner
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said the band paid for the drugs as “a business
expense” (Rolling Stone, Sept. 30, 1971, p. 30). In 1969, Paul
Kantner was arrested in Honolulu for possession of
marijuana. That same year Jack Casady was arrested for
possession of marijuana in his hotel room in New Orleans.
Kantner had a severe brain hemorrhage in 1980 when he
was 39 years old, though he did not die from it. In May 1970,
Marty Balin was arrested, along with two members of the
road crew, backstage after a concert in Minneapolis. The
charge was marijuana possession. Four weeks later, Paul
Kantner was arrested in Honolulu on a marijuana charge.
When he was convicted, he brazenly said: “I only want to say
the verdict and this court is one of the main reasons people
have no faith in the government any more.”
Grace Slick’s alcoholism almost destroyed her. In March
1994, she pointed a shotgun at police who were called to
investigate a domestic dispute at her home in California. The
court ordered her to enter a detoxification program. She is
allegedly clean of drugs these days, but she isn’t happy with
growing old and told reporters that she might stick a large
needle in her neck and die with one last morphine high (“20
To 1: Crimes and Misdemeanors,” VH1).
Alexander “Skip” Spence, original drummer for the
Jefferson Airplane, took hundreds of LSD trips and finally
went mad. He tried to attack a bandmate with an axe and was
institutionalized.
“Today the scraggly, unwashed ex-rock star lives in San
Jose, where he spends his seven-dollar-a-day allowance
from the state. At night, when he does not confine
himself to the psychiatric ward of the San Jose hospital,
Spence stays alone in a dingy, rundown room in Maas
Hotel. Sometimes he speaks to Joan of Arc. Once in a
while he is visited by Clark Kent [alter ego of Super
Man], who the drummer/guitarist finds to be ‘civilized,
decent and a genius.’ And on a few thick, intense, San
Jose summer nights, Spence meets his ‘master,’ who
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materializes with startling revelations. Says Spence,
delivering his own autobiography, ‘I’m a derelict. I’m a
world savior. I am drugs. I am rock and roll’” (David
Szatmary, A Time to Rock, p. 180).
Spence died in April 1999 at age 52 of pneumonia and lung
cancer.
Jethro Tull
Jethro Tull, formed in 1967 in England, was originally
composed of Ian Anderson, Mick Abrahams, Glenn Cornick,
and Clive Bunker, though there have been constant personnel
changes since then. Jethro Tull “has been one of the most
commercially successful and eccentric progressive-rock
bands” (Rolling Stone Encyclopedia, p. 505). The group
continued to perform and record in the 1990s.
“Jethro Tull’s Ian Anderson is known for his manic,
sexually explicit stage antics, which often utilized both his
flute and the sound system. The concerts were often bizarre
and loaded with sexuality and vulgarities…” (Why Knock
Rock?, p. 187).
Jethro Tull was openly blasphemous on its 1971 Aqualung
album. The back cover contained the following message: “In
the beginning man created God, and in the image of man
created he him. And he gave him a multitude of names, that
he might be Lord over all the earth when it suited man. And
on the seven millionth day man rested and did lean heavily
on his God and saw that it was good…” The song “Hymn 43”
stated: “If Jesus saves well he better save himself from the
gory glory seekers who use his name in death. I saw him in
the city and on the mountains of the moon, his cross was
rather bloody, He could hardly roll his stone.”
In 1976, one hundred and eighty-eight people were
arrested for drug possession at a Jethro Tull concert in Los
Angeles.
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Elton John
Elton John (birth name Reginald Kenneth Dwight) (b.
1947) is one of the most popular rockers of all time. He has
had more than 36 top 40 hits, was the “hottest” act in rock
during the mid-70s, and continues to record and perform
and influence rock. He has sold more than 300 million
records. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of
Fame in 1994. His mother wanted a girl; his father spent
much time away from the family; and he says he was very
depressed in his childhood. He spent much of his time alone
in his room playing the piano. He won a piano scholarship to
the Royal Academy of Music at age 11, but he left it two
weeks before finals six years later, to begin a career in rock
music. He eventually changed his legal name to Elton
Hercules John. “Elton” and “John” were the first names of two
men in his first band. Hercules was a childhood nickname.
The lyrics to the majority of Elton John’s hits were written by
Bernie Taupin (b. 1950).
In 1976, John admitted to Rolling Stone magazine that he
was bisexual, claiming to have had his first homosexual
encounter at age 23. He said, “There’s nothing wrong with
going to bed with somebody of your own sex. I just think
people should be very free with sex—they should draw the
line at goats” (Rolling Stone, July 15, 1976, p. 30). John admits
that he keeps a large collection of photos of naked men and of
himself dressed as a woman (Much Music, Pop Up Video,
“Nikita”). He formed the Elton John AIDS Foundation in
1992 and donates royalties from the sale of some of his music.
He was married to Renate Blauel from 1984 to 1988. In
2005, Elton John “married” his male partner in a civil
ceremony. They have two sons through surrogates.
John’s temper tantrums, known as “Reggie’s Little
Moments,” are legendary (Moser, Rock Stars, p. 118). He has
often been involved in fights and violent encounters,
including with people who work with him. He has been
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arrested for assaulting people. One of his hits is titled
“Saturday Night is a Fine Time to Fight.” His song “Burn
Down the Mission” advocates burning down the rich man’s
house.
By 1990, Elton John, near self-destruction through years of
drug abuse and debauched living, checked himself into a
treatment center to overcome his addictions. In 1999, he had
a pace maker installed in his long-abused heart.
Elton John was a friend of homosexual fashion designer
Gianni Versace, who died in July 1997. Versace designed
some of Elton John’s costumes and stage sets. Versace,
gunned down by homosexual prostitute and sadomasochist
Andrew Cunanan, was famous for “introducing homoerotic
and sadomasochistic themes into his fashions.” He “is
credited for his role in glamorizing pagan symbols and
promoting a neopagan, hedonistic culture. His trademark
was the snake-covered Medusa head, and he drew richly from
Greek and Roman paganism” (The Wanderer, July 31, 1997).
A homosexual publication, The Advocate, praised Versace’s
“out gay lifestyle” and “his affection for young male models.”
Elton John’s song “Bennie and the Jets” sang of rebellion
against parents: “We shall survive/ let us take ourselves along/
where we fight our parents out in the streets/ to find who’s
right and who’s wrong” (Elton John, “Bennie and the Jets”).
Elton John dedicated his song “Candle in the Wind” to the
deceased Princess Diana, and at her funeral in London’s
Westminster Abbey, September 6, 1997, he performed the
song. The song, based on a phrase in a song by the fallen rock
star Janice Joplin, was originally written about Marilyn
Monroe. Elton John’s lyricist rewrote the words for Princess
Diana. A few hours after the funeral, Elton John recorded the
song for distribution, with the profit to go to Diana’s favorite
charities. He vowed never to perform the song again. When
the single went on sale in America on September 23,
customers flooded the record shops and stood in long lines to
purchase the single. Many stores sold out the first day. The
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single was certified as eight times platinum in its first day of
release, meaning there were advance sales for 8 million copies
in the United States alone. This has never happened before. It
quickly became the top-selling single of all time in the United
Kingdom. The New Age song says Diana is in heaven.
Together with Eric Clapton and members of The Who,
Elton John performed in the blasphemous rock opera
Tommy. Movie reviewer Anthony Hilder called the opera
“the most blatantly anti-Christian movie malignancy ever
made, at any time, anywhere, by any one. … Everything is
done to desecrate Christianity with all the lauding language
of Lucifer” (Hilder, cited by David Noebel, The Legacy of John
Lennon, p. 45). Tommy was directed by Ken Russell. The
opera featured the worship of licentious movie actress
Marilyn Monroe. Bernie Taupin said that John’s “home is
laden with trinkets and books relating to Satanism and
witchcraft” (The Rock Report, p. 49).
Elton John’s song “Somebody Saved My Life Tonight” is
about a boy who tries to kill himself at 4 a.m. in the morning.
Jerry Johnston, an expert in the area of suicide, documents a
case in which 17-year-old Alan Stubbs killed himself by
running a hose from the exhaust into the family car. Alan
died at approximately 4 a.m. while listening to Elton John’s
“Somebody Saved My Life Tonight” (John Muncy, The Role of
Rock, p. 293). Elton John’s song “Think I’m Gonna Kill
Myself ” is about a teenager who contemplates suicide. The
lyrics say:
“I’m getting bored being part of mankind/ There’s not a
lot to do no more, this race is a waste of time/ People
rushing everywhere, swarming around like flies/ Think
I’ll buy a forty-four and give ‘em all a surprise/ Yeah,
think I’m gonna kill myself, cause a little suicide/ Stick
around for a couple of days, what a scandal if I died. Yea,
I’m gonna kill myself, get a little headline news/ I’d like
to see what the papers say on the state of teenage blues/
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A rift in my family, I can’t use the car/ I gotta be in by
ten o’clock, who do they think they are?”
Janis Joplin
Janis Joplin (1943-1970) was one of the most famous
female rock singers. Her lascivious lifestyle is described as
follows:
“All I can remember was Janis picking up a bottle of
Southern Comfort (liquor), drinking the last few
mouthfuls and saying, ‘Yeah, I’m a juicer [a
drunkard]’ ... One of the boys didn’t show up and
everyone went home except Janis who retired to the bar
next door, the R.O.K. bar on Second Avenue, then she
got me drunk, it was her habit. ... She was out of Port
Arthur, Texas, an unkempt, vulgar, obscene girl ... The
four-letter words spewed so indiscriminately as to lose
all impact, the wild mane of hair, the garish clothes,
looking like they had been grabbed blindly at some
rummage sale, the bottle of Southern Comfort she
swilled down publicly and privately, the slovenliness that
today so often passes for style, the savagery of her
singing. Even the name Janis Joplin had a kind of
frontier lawlessness. Indeed, everything about her
implemented an image of anti-establishment ... Janis’s
creed—one that excited her audience with its simplicity
—was to get high on drugs or booze and to have sex ...
and to take it all today because there may be no
tomorrow” (Somma, No One Waved Goodbye, pp. 19,
39, 44, 45, 105, 108).
Joplin’s “voracious sexual appetite … included several
flings with women” (Rock Bottom, p. 163). She lived at
various times with married men and had an abortion in
Mexico. “She had endless parties. But nothing seemed to take
away the loneliness” (Ibid., p. 167).
On the song “Mercedes Benz” from the album Pearl, Joplin
mockingly sang: “Oh Lord, won’t you buy me/ A night on the
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town/ I’m counting on you Lord/ Please don’t let me down/
Prove that you love me/ And buy the next round.”
What she failed to understand is that God is holy and He
will never bless sinful activities.
Joplin’s group), Quicksilver Messenger Service, and Jefferson
chant for an hour.
Janis Joplin died in 1970 at age 27 of alcohol abuse and a
heroin overdose. Her last song was “Buried Alive in the
Blues.” Her death occurred at the Landmark Hotel in
Hollywood, California. She had previously been revived at
least a half dozen times after overdosing on heroin. A year
earlier, Time magazine quoted her saying, “I wanted to smoke
dope, take dope, lick dope, anything I could get my hands on
I wanted to do” (Aug. 9, 1969, p. 76).
She was cremated and her ashes were scattered off the
coast of California.
Judas Priest
The heavy metal British band Judas Priest was formed in
1969. The group’s leader, Rob Halford, previously had a band
named Lord Lucifer. Their wicked songs include “Sin after
Sin,” “The Devil’s Child,” and the mocking “Defenders of the
Faith.” They told the press: “Heavy metal isn’t just music to us.
It’s a philosophy and a way of life” (Hit Parader, July 1984).
Their album Sin after Sin encourages young people to think
about “getting saved later” and to enjoy sin today. The
rebellion promoted by Judas Priest is evident in the song “We
Don’t Need No Parental Guidance”:
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“Everyday you scream at me to turn the music low. Well
if you keep on screaming you’ll make me deaf you know.
You always chew me out, because I stay out late. Until
your three-piece suite comes back in date, get one thing
straight … We don’t need, no, no, no, no parental
guidance here!” (Judas Priest, “We Don’t Need No
Parental Guidance Here”).
The video for this song features thousands of young people
with fists raised high. Judas Priest guitarist Glen Tipton says
this song “tells the parents of the world to leave their kids
alone. … We’ve had enough of groups of mothers telling their
kids what they should or should not listen to” (Hit Parader,
May 1981, p. 69). Halford agrees: “I know for a fact that rock’s
got all the elements of rebellion against your mom and dad.
You want to stay up late, want to party all night long, you
don’t want to do your homework” (Hit Parader, Feb, 1983, p.
59).
Like most rock groups, Judas Priest sang of vile immoral
subjects and put on an immoral display during their concerts.
Glen Tipton says, “I just go crazy when I go onstage … it’s
like someone else takes over my body” (Hit Parader, Fall
1984, p. 6). Halford has been known to drop his leather pants
in mid-concert (Larson’s Book of Rock, p. 163). They sing
about sadomasochism, and Halford claimed to practice this
in his personal life: “Sexually, I have always been to the fullest
extent of the experience that S&M has to offer” (Rolling Stone,
Sept. 15, 1980, p. 14). One of their vile songs describes
forcing someone to perform sexual acts at gunpoint.
Judas Priest’s song “Devil’s Child” is about young people
who offer themselves as human sacrifices. The lyrics state:
“You got me by the throat … You never let me go … I gave
my body as a slave. You cut my flesh and drank my blood that
poured in streams… Feast your eyes on a whole lotta sin …
I’m a human sacrifice.”
Judas Priest’s vicious music produced violence. Halford
said, “I like to think of what we do as controlled
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decadence” (Hit Parader, Fall 1983, p. 58), but he is deluded
in thinking that decadence can be controlled. Judas Priest
fans went on a rampage and caused much destruction to
Madison Square Garden during a 1984 concert. At a 1986
Judas Priest concert in Tacoma, Washington, a fan standing
in front of the stage pulled a knife and stabbed two people,
killing a young man and wounding a girl. The band was
playing the vicious song “Screaming for Vengeance.” Fans
outside the concert turned over a police car. In 1987, two
young men in Sparks, Nevada, blasted themselves with a
shotgun while sitting in a car in a church parking lot after
listening to the Judas Priest Stained Glass album for hours. As
they listened to the music and smoked marijuana and drank
beer, they made a suicide pact. Eighteen-year-old Raymond
Belknap died instantly, while 19-year-old James Vance was
permanently disfigured with part of his face blown away. The
parents sued Judas Priest, claiming that the lyrics of the
album combined with the grinding, vicious, depressing heavy
metal music mesmerized the youth, convincing them that
“the answer to life was death” (Gannett News Service, Aug. 4,
1987). The parents’ lawyer, Kenneth McKenna, stated: “The
suggestive lyrics combined with the continuous beat and
rhythmic non-changing intonation of the music combined to
induce, encourage, aid, abet and otherwise mesmerize the
plaintiff into believing the answer to life is death.”
That is a reasonable assumption, but the case was lost on
the grounds that the vile music is protected under the First
Amendment.
Carole King
Carole King (born Carole Klein) (b. 1940) was one of the
most prolific songwriter/singers of the 1960s. Many of the
lyrics were written by her first husband, Gerry Goffin. They
co-wrote over 100 hits. Her second husband, Charles Larkey,
was the bass player in the rock band Myddle Class. In 1976,
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she married her third husband, Rick Evers, but he died in
1978 from a heroin overdose. He was roughly 38 years old.
Kinks
The Kinks was a British band formed in 1963 and
composed of brothers Ray and Dave Davies, Mick Avory, and
Pete Quaife. The group had many hits in the 1960s and 1970s
and continued to perform and record until 1996. Ray Davies
has had two drug overdoses. In 1973, he left his wife and
children and remarried. In 1981, he divorced his second wife
and began an affair with singer Chrissie Hynde. They had a
baby, but Hynde left him in 1984 for Jim Kerr of the band
Simple Minds.
Timothy Leary
Timothy Leary (1920-1996) was a Harvard University
professor of psychotherapy who became the LSD high priest
of the rock & roll movement.
Leary’s father was an alcoholic who abandoned the family
when Timothy was 13. His Roman Catholic mother tried to
get her son to go in an upstanding path in life, at least from a
human perspective. He was a disappointment, though. He
had to leave West Point because of drunkenness and lying.
When his mother wrote to him in 1941 and said she was
praying for him and pleaded with him not to cause a scandal
with his life, he replied in a brash manner, telling her, “I
would rather starve in the gutter than be a 100% good
fellow” (“Timothy Leary: The Man Who Turned on
America,” The Biography Channel). The next year Leary was
kicked out of another school when he was found in the girl’s
dormitory.
In the mid-1950s Leary worked as director of
Psychological Research at the Kaiser Foundation and taught
at Berkeley University. There he and his wife were involved in
heavy drinking and adulterous wife swapping. In early 1960,
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he joined the Harvard Center for Personality Research. That
same year Leary took his first dosage of hallucinogenic
mushrooms, and he was permanently changed. Believing that
psilocybin mushrooms created mystical perception that
could reprogram the brain, Leary persuaded the school
authorities to allow him to devise and administer the
“Harvard Drug Research Program.”
Leary’s research with psychedelic drugs led him into
occultic eastern religions and the study of the Tibetan Book of
the Dead, the Bhagavad-Gita, and Zen Buddhist writings.
Leary led 10 theology students at Harvard to take psilocybin
in an attempt to test whether it would produce religious
experiences. Nine of the ten agreed that the drug high was
religious in nature. Leary’s homosexual research co-worker,
Richard Alpert, traveled to India for spiritual enlightenment
and returned as Baba Ram Dass. He “became one of
A m e r i c a’s m o s t r e s p e c t e d t e a c h e r s o f E a s t e r n
disciplines” (Mikal Gilmore, Night Beat, p. 409). They were
also influenced by the writings of Aldous Huxley, author of
The Doors of Perception, which describes mescaline drug
experiences. When Huxley was near the point of death, he
requested that he be injected with LSD; thus dying as he
lived, high on hallucinogenic drugs.
Harvard authorities feared that Leary and his companions
were going too far in their drug research, and he left Harvard
in 1963 when his colleague, Richard Alpert, was fired for
giving hallucinogenic drugs to a student. By then, Leary had
tried the psychedelic drug lysergic acid diathylamid (called
LSD or acid, for short), which was first synthesized in the
1940s by Albert Hofmann in a laboratory in Switzerland.
Hofmann describes his first experiment with it:
“At home I lay down and sank into a not unpleasant
intoxicated-like condition, characterized by an
extremely stimulated imagination. … I perceived an
u n i nte r r upte d st re am of f ant a st i c pi c tu re s ,
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extraordinary shapes with intense kaleidoscopic play of
colours.”
Timothy Leary was mightily affected by LSD. He described
his first LSD high as “the most shattering experience of my
life” and “the deepest religious experience of my life” and
became a passionate advocate of the drug. He became the
LSD high priest of the rock & roll movement and founded the
League of Spiritual Discovery, pushing for LSD to be
legalized as a religious sacrament. Leary called hallucinogenic
drugs “the religion of the twenty-first century.” He urged
people to “discover your own Christhood” and develop “your
own moral code.” Leary’s 1964 book The Psychedelic
Experience (cowritten with Ralph Metzner and Richard
Alpert) was intended to assist novices in taking LSD as a tool
of spiritual enlightenment. Leary cited passages from The
Tibetan Book of the Dead. The introduction urged:
“Whenever in doubt, turn off your mind, relax, float
downstream.”
Leary said rock musicians are “the philosopher-poets of
the new religion.” He called the Beatles the “four Evangelists”
and “rock stars become holy men” and their Sergeant Pepper
album, “the sermon from Liverpool.” He urged parents to
learn from the Beatles the message of “love and peace and
laughter.” His slogan was “Turn on, tune in, drop out” (turn
on to LSD, tune in to the new consciousness, drop out of
‘straight’ society). Leary believed that LSD could enable
children to mutate “up to a higher level of existence.”
The rock & roll crowd went crazy for LSD in the 1960s. It
was estimated that chemist Augustus Stanley III produced
and distributed 15 million LSD “hits,” many of which were
distributed freely at rock concerts.
Leary appeared on stage with the Grateful Dead, Jefferson
Airplane, Quicksilver Messenger Service, and others. John
Lennon read Leary’s book The Psychedelic Experience in 1966,
after Paul McCartney took him to the Indica, a hip New Age
bookshop in London. Lennon wrote “Tomorrow Never
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Knows” after taking LSD. He wrote the songs “Come
Together” and “Give Peace a Chance” for Leary. Leary joined
John and Oko Lennon for their bed-in for world peace. The
Moody Blues’ song “Legend of a Mind” is about Leary. The
Who’s “Seeker” is about Leary. Jimi Hendrix sought Leary’s
help in interpreting dreams. Pink Floyd’s founder, Syd
Barrett, attributed Leary with part of his inspiration (Rock
Bottom, p. 3). Sadly, LSD also turned Barrett into a nearvegetable.
Leary envisioned the overthrow of the present social
structure and the establishment of a new hedonistic order:
“An esthetic, ‘hedonic era’ in which the symbol of the messiah
will be a nude couple and the purpose of life will be
pleasure” (Daily Enterprise and Press, Riverside, Calif., Feb.
11, 1969; cited by David Noebel, The Legacy of John Lennon,
p. 81).
In 1979, Leary created a program called “The Creation of
the Future.” It had three ideas: “(1) Space migration, (2)
intelligence increase, and (3) life extension (F.E.A. News &
Views, Fundamental Evangelistic Association, July/Aug
1979).
Leary was an enthusiast of Satanist Aleister Crowley. He
said: “I’ve been an admirer of Aleister Crowley. I think that
I’m carrying on much of the work that he started over a
hundred years ago … He was in favor of finding yourself, and
‘Do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the law’ under love.
It was a very powerful statement. I’m sorry he isn’t around
now to appreciate the glories he started” (Late Night America,
Public Broadcasting Network, cited by Hells Bells, Reel to
Real Ministries).
Leary tried to treat life like a never-ending game, but he
could not escape the wages of sin. Leary lived with many
women and married four times. His first wife, Marianne, bore
him two children, Susan and Jack, but in 1955, when they
had been married eleven years, she committed suicide due to
heavy drinking and Leary’s adultery. Soon thereafter, he
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married his research secretary. The union was short lived. His
next marriage, to Nena von Schelbrugge in late 1964, was also
short-lived. He was 44; she was 24. In the summer of 1965,
Leary developed a romance with Rosemary Woodruff and
they were married in late 1967. They were arrested in early
1966 for marijuana possession and Leary was sentenced to 30
years. While free on bond awaiting appeal of the conviction,
Leary was again arrested for marijuana possession in
December 1968 and sentenced to another 10 years. At the
end of the trial in January 1970, the judge ordered the 49year-old Leary to prison immediately with no bond.
With the help of the radical Weathermen underground
movement, Leary escaped prison in September of that year
and fled to Algeria to join Eldridge Cleaver and the Black
Panthers. He then went to Switzerland, finally to Afghanistan,
where he was captured by U.S. agents and brought back to the
States to complete his prison term. In 1994 it was reported
that Leary met with FBI agents and agreed to inform on the
Black Panthers in exchange for leniency in his sentencing
(Karen Gullo, “1960s guru was FBI informant,” Associated
Press, July 1, 1999).
After being released from prison in 1976, Leary told the
press, “I am glad to be descended from Eve, who told Jehovah
God to jump back in his squad car and go back to
headquarters.”
In 1978, Leary married his fourth wife, Barbara Chase;
they divorced 15 years later. Leary’s son, Jack, stopped talking
to him in 1975 (Night Beat, p. 414). His daughter, Susan Leary
Martino, shot and killed her boyfriend in 1990, then hanged
herself in her jail cell.
Timothy Leary died of prostate cancer on May 31, 1996.
His long-time friend, beatnik poet Allen Ginsberg, was
scheduled to visit him in July, but Leary died a few weeks
before. “But in the hours preceding his death, Ginsberg’s
Buddhist teacher, Gelek Rinpoche, managed to reach Leary,
uttering a final prayer for his passage into death” (Mikal
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Gilmore, Night Beat, p. 436). Thus, Timothy Leary died with a
Buddhist prayer on his lips or at least ringing in his ears. (The
homosexual Ginsberg defended NAMBLA, an organization
dedicated to lowering the age of consensual sex between men
and boys. He boasted “about the many men he had seduced
throughout his lifetime.” Ginsberg died in April 1997 at age
71 of liver cancer.)
As he neared death, Leary put on a party front, but he was
worried about his life. One of his friends told the Biography
Channel that he would say to people, “I was a good boy,
wasn’t I? I did all right [with my life], didn’t I?” The friend
conjectured that this possibly came from his religious
upbringing as a Catholic. The fact is that God has left many
witnesses to Himself in this world, including creation and
conscience, not to speak of the preaching of the gospel of
Jesus Christ. The most irreligious man cannot escape this
light. Sadly, Leary rejected the Bible’s plan of salvation
through faith in the cross of Jesus Christ. Instead, he sought
enlightenment through the false paths of drugs and
hedonism.
He made his own plans for afterlife. He arranged to have
his brain preserved via a cryonics system, and he paid $4,800
to the Celestis Company to have his ashes blasted into earth
orbit in a satellite. The rocket was launched in March 1997.
Other remains accompanying Leary’s ashes on his space
journey included those of Star Trek creator Gene
Roddenberry, a space physicist, a rocket scientist, and a fouryear-old Japanese boy. After orbiting for a few months or
years, the satellite will fall back to earth and burn up.
Led Zeppelin
The British heavy metal group Led Zeppelin is one of the
most influential rock bands of all time. It was formed in 1968
and existed until the early 1980s, when surviving band
members pursued solo careers.
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Michael Moynihan, who documented the violence of more
recent satanic metal rock groups in his book Lords of Chaos,
traced their heritage to heavy metal groups of the 1970s,
particularly to Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath.
Led Zeppelin’s famous guitarist, Jimmy Page, is a follower
of Satanist Aleister Crowley (at least he was in the 1907s). In
1970, Page purchased Crowley’s estate on the shores of Loch
Ness. Crowley had obtained this in 1900 because it provided
him with the perfect setting for a specific magic ritual that
required water, mountains and a building facing a certain
direction. Page scored a soundtrack for Kenneth Anger’s
occultic, Crowley-inspired film, Lucifer Rising. Page’s
collection of original Crowley books and possessions is
among the best in the world. Not only does he own original
Crowley manuscripts, but also his robes, hats, canes, and
tarot cards. In 1975, Page financed an occultic bookshop,
Equinox, named after a journal of magic Crowley edited, and
published out-of-print writings by the Satanist. The store
closed in 1979. Page testified, “I think Aleister Crowley is
completely relevant to today. We’re all still seeking for truth—
the search goes on. … Magic is very important if people can
go through with it” (Hammer of the Gods: The Led Zeppelin
Saga, p. 229). Page called Crowley a “misunderstood genius”
and praised his philosophy as the “liberation of the person.”
Page had Crowley’s statement “Do What Thou Wilt”
inscribed in the plastic surrounding the label of Led Zeppelin
III (Turner, Hungry for Heaven, p. 94). “Imagery of Crowley’s
religion can be found woven throughout the albums of Led
Zeppelin…” (Moyhihan, Lords of Chaos, p. 4).
The Led Zeppelin song “Stairway to Heaven,” one of the
most popular rock songs of all time, has an ode to Satan in
back masking. Played forward the words say: “Yes, there are
two paths you can go by, but in the long run there’s still time
to change the road you’re on.” Played backwards, the words
are: “Here’s my sweet Satan ... Oh I will sing because I live
with Satan.”
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Robert Plant and Jimmy Page both claim that they don’t
know who wrote this song. Plant testified: “Pagey had written
the chords and played them for me. I was holding the paper
and pencil, and for some reason, I was in a very bad mood.
Then all of a sudden my hand was writing out words. … I just
sat there and looked at the words and then I almost leaped
out of my seat” (Davin Seay, Stairway to Heaven, p. 249).
Led Zeppelin conducted a “mock” Black Mass during a
record release party, holding the event “in the underground
caves which formerly housed similar rites perpetrated by Sir
Francis Dashwood and his debauched Hellfire Club two
centuries earlier” (Moyhihan, Lords of Chaos, p. 4). Led
Zeppelin’s song “Houses of the Holy” is sung to Satan. “Let
the music be your master/ Will you heed the master’s call/
Oh, Satan...” The inside cover of Led Zeppelin IV pictures a
satanic high priest with a lantern and a hexagram in his hand.
Jimmy Page said their 1976 album, Presence, was named to
describe the force or power behind the group’s musical
genius.
The Led Zeppelin song “In My Time of Dying” mocks
salvation in the Lord Jesus Christ. “Meet me Jesus meet me/
Meet me in the middle of the air/ If my wings should fail me
Lord/ Please meet me with another pair/ You can deliver me
Lord/ I only wanted to have some fun.”
Many of Led Zeppelin’s songs are so filthy that neither the
titles nor the lyrics can be printed.
In 1982, Jimmy Page was arrested and charged with
possessing 198 milligrams of cocaine. In August 1975, Robert
Plant and his family were seriously injured in an automobile
crash on the Greek island of Rhodes. His wife, Maureen, was
driving. In 1976, just as the group embarked on a U.S. tour to
promote their mysterious occultic album titled Presence,
Plant’s six-year-old son, Karac, died suddenly of a strange and
extremely rare viral infection.
John Bonham, drummer for Led Zeppelin, died in
September 1980 at age 32 after drinking more than 40 shots
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of vodka in twelve hours. Official cause of death was alcohol
poisoning and asphyxiation on his own vomit. Bonham,
nicknamed “Bonzo,” was infamous for his antics which were
“often violent and antisocial.” “In all areas of life, John was a
slave to excess, and he drank and partied as hard as he played
the drums” (Rock ‘n’ Roll Heaven, p. 24). He died in the
mansion of the late Satanist Aleister Crowley, which had been
purchased by Jimmy Page. Bonham was the drummer for the
haunting song “Stairway to Heaven.” Part of the lyrics say:
“Yes, there are two paths you can go by, but in the long
run, there’s still time to change the road you’re on...”
This song is a lie. For those who die without Christ there is
no more opportunity to change the road they are on.
Love
Love was a ’60s rock band that continues to play in various
incarnations. The leader is Arthur Lee. Original band
members included Bryan McLean, John Echols, Johnny
Fleckenstein, Ken Forssi, and Don Conka.
The original band was broken up by drug abuse. After
MacLean nearly overdosed on heroin in 1970, he dropped
out of the band to “concentrate upon Christian music.”
Forssi and Echols were convicted of armed robbery.
In 1995, Arthur Lee had an altercation with his neighbor
during which he brandished a gun and fired shots in the air.
The next year he was given a multi-year sentence for illegal
possession of a firearm. Harry Shapiro, author of a history of
drug abuse in popular music, says Lee is a victim of LSD
(Waiting for the Man, p. 143).
At least four members of the rock group Love are dead.
Don Conka died in the 1970s at roughly 30 years old
(Whatever Happened to..., p. 116). George Suranovich died in
1990 at age 44 of heart failure. Ken Forssi died in 1997 at age
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64 of brain cancer. Bryan MacLean died in 1998 at age 52 of a
heart attack.
MC5
The British band MC5 was formed in 1965, and original
members included Rob Tyner (real name Robert Derminer),
Fred “Sonic” Smith, Wayne Kramer, Michael Davis, and
Dennis Thompson.
MC5 was known for “screaming revolutionary slogans
laced with profanities.” The group disbanded in 1972.
Kramer spent two years in prison for selling cocaine. Fred
“Sonic” Smith died in 1994 at age 47 of a heart attack after
many years of the rock & roll lifestyle. Rob Tyner died in
1991 at age 46 of a heart attack.
Mamas and Papas
The Mamas and the Papas took the name “mamas” from a
term used by the Hells Angels to describe their women. The
members were John Phillips, Michelle Gilliam, Mama Cass
Elliot (born Ellen Naomi Cass), and Denny Doherty. They
were extremely popular in the 1960s, turning out 40 hit
singles and four Top 10 albums. The group split up in 1968
because of personal conflicts, including John and Michelle’s
failing marriage.
“The Mamas and the Papas were an incestuous
family” (Moser, Rock Stars, p. 147). John Phillips left his first
wife for Michelle Gilliam. After John and Michelle were
married, Phillips caught Denny Doherty having sexual
relations with Michelle.
In 1980, John Phillips, known to have been a long-time
cocaine addict, was arrested and found guilty for his
involvement in a major drug ring. He admitted squandering
as much as a million dollars a year on his and his third wife’s
cocaine and heroin habits. After his drug conviction, he
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became an alcoholic. He had a liver transplant in 1995. In his
autobiography, Papa John, Phillips describes a wild party held
by Terry Melcher and Beach Boy Dennis Wilson at Wilson’s
mansion. The party featured Charles Manson and his
followers. Melcher’s own house became infamous in August
1969 when Manson sent his followers there to murder the
occupants. Melcher was not home, but they killed pregnant
movie actress Sharon Tate and three others.
Cass Elliot died in 1974 at age 29 of a heart attack. She said,
“Pop music is just hard work, long hours, and a lot of drugs.”
Four years later, Who drummer Keith Moon died of a drug
overdose in the same apartment.
Joni Mitchell
Canadian folk-rock musician/song writer Joni Mitchell
(born Roberta Joan Anderson) (b. 1943) was very popular in
the late 1960s and 1970s, and she continues to perform and
record today. The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia calls her “one of
the most respected singer/songwriters in rock.” She had a
baby out of wedlock during the early years of her folk music
career and gave it up for adoption (Whatever Happened to...,
p. 128). She married Chuck Mitchell in 1965, but they
separated a year or so later and soon divorced. She lived with
Graham Nash of Crosby, Stills & Nash before marrying her
second husband, bass player Larry Klein (Ibid.). They
separated in 1994.
In 1974, Mitchell told the press of a male spirit who helps
her write music. “Joni Mitchell credits her creative powers to
a ‘male muse’ she identifies as Art. He has taken so much
control of not only her music, but her life, that she feels
married to him, and often roams naked with him on her 40acre estate. His hold over her is so strong that she will excuse
herself from parties and forsake lovers whenever he
‘calls’” (Why Knock Rock?, p. 112, citing Time magazine, Dec.
16, 1974, p. 39).
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Moby Grape
Moby Grape was one of the bands formed in San Francisco
in the 1960s. The original members were guitarist Skip
Spence (who had played drums for the Jefferson Airplane),
Peter Lewis, Jerry Miller, Bob Mosley, and Don Stevenson.
The group continues to record and perform in various
incarnations.
Skip Spence, original guitarist of Moby Grape, went insane.
After a bad acid trip in New York City, he went to the Albert
Hotel with an axe in search of drummer Don Stevenson,
claiming that voices told him Stevenson was possessed by the
devil. He was incarcerated in the infamous New York mental
institution, Bellevue Hospital, for six months. In 1969, Spence
“disappeared into the bowels of the California state mental
health system” (Unknown Legends of Rock ‘n’ Roll, p. 149). In
1994, Spence was living in a care facility, “diagnosed paranoid
schizophrenic taking anti-psychotic drugs, given to hearing
voices and talking to himself ” (Ibid., p. 153).
Former Moby Grape guitarist Bob Mosley was discovered
by Peter Lewis in the early 1990s “living homeless by the side
of a San Diego freeway” (Unknown Legends, p. 154).
Monkees
Mickey Dolenz of the Monkees lived the rock & roll
lifestyle to the fullest, committed adultery, eventually
divorcing his wife and the mother of his daughter.
Davie Jones divorced his wife.
Peter Tork claimed that his religion is based on the
“Eastern Taoist thinking” (The Role of Rock, p. 170). He was
arrested in 1972 for possession of hashish and sentenced to
three months in a prison in Oklahoma. He had abandoned
the mother of his two children (they were never married).
Tommy Boyce, one of the top rock songwriters of the ’60s
who co-wrote the Monkees’ theme song as well as their hit
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“Last Train to Clarksville,” shot himself to death in 1994 at
age 50.
Moody Blues
The Moody Blues was formed in the 1960s and have sold
more than 70 million albums.
The 1970 album, In Search of the Lost Chord, has a song
titled “OM,” which is a Hindu mantra used in meditation.
The album cover stated:
“To anyone who has practiced meditation or Yoga, the
word MANTRA is familiar as a word of power
concentrated upon in meditation. The most important
word of power in the Hindu scriptures is the word OM,
which pronounced AUM, means ‘God,’ ‘All,’ ‘Being,’ ‘The
Answer.’ Thought or intentness on its meaning will
cause the exclusion of all other thoughts, ultimately
bringing about the state of mind to which the meditator
aspires.”
Moody Blues’ Mike Pinder commends the philosophy of
John Lennon. In an interview he said:
“Some of the things that he said and wrote pointed the
way and not too many people see it. We’re always
hearing ‘Imagine’ but no one really hears the words
anymore—Imagine there’s no religion ... John said, ‘I
don’t believe in anything except Yoko and me.’ And what
we need to believe in is ourselves. You don’t have to
believe in someone else’s ideas. ... There’s only one life
force. People tend to call it God. A personification of
something that’s a reality. It’s within us all. Why are we
looking outside of ourselves when the answers are
within ourselves?” (Echoes of the Sixties, pp. 126, 127).
Van Morrison
The Irish rock musician Van Morrison (b. 1945) started
with the rock group Them in the mid-1960s. He wrote the
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1965 hit song “Gloria.” The group disbanded in 1966, and
Morrison has pursued a wide-ranging solo career since then.
His first solo album, Blowin’ Your Mind, had the pop hit
“Brown-Eyed Girl.” Van Morrison’s music often reflects a
“spirituality,” and many of his songs even sound biblical. His
Avalon Sunset album (1989) contained songs such as
“Whenever God Shines His Light” and “When Will I Ever
Learn to Live in God.” His 1991 Hymns to the Silence album
even contained the traditional hymns “Just a Closer Walk
with Thee” and “Be Thou My Vision.”
Morrison’s faith is not that of biblical Christianity, though.
He has studied many religions as well as Christian doctrine,
and he says that he accepts all beliefs, “orthodox or
otherwise.” “I don’t accept or reject any of it … I’m just
groping in the dark for a bit more light” (Steve Turner,
Hungry for Heaven, pp. 124, 125). Morrison plainly states that
he does not accept Jesus Christ as God. Though he claims to
be a Christian, it is not because he has trusted Jesus Christ as
his Savior from sin. “I was born in a Christian environment
in a Christian country, and I was born after the Christ event.
So that makes me a Christian.”
Morrison has delved deeply into the esoteric aspects of
music. In 1989 he spoke at a conference titled “The Secret
Heart of Music: An Exploration into the Power of Music to
Change Consciousness.” He acknowledges such occultic,
pagan influences as Alice Bailey and Krishnamurti. His 1983
album Inarticulate Speech of the Heart “singled out Church of
Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard for special thanks.”
Morrison divorced his first wife, Shana, in 1973 and
married Michelle Rocca in the 1990s.
Of his songwriting, Morrison says, “I write [songs] a
different place. I do not even know what it is called or if it has
a name. It just comes and I sculpt it...” (Chris Neil, Performing
Songwriter, March/April 2009, pp. 44–50).
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Wilson Pickett
Soul music legend Wilson Pickett (1941-2006) formed a
gospel singing group, the Violinaires, when he was only 14,
but four years later he began pursuing a rhythm & blues
career. In the mid-1960s he had the hit “In the Midnight
Hour” with Booker T. and the MG’s. This became the first in
a long series of successful recordings, including “Land of
1,000 Dances,” “I’m a Midnight Mover,” and “Call My Name,
I’ll Be There.”
Pickett has had many problems with the law. In 1974, he
was arrested for pulling a gun during an argument and was
sentenced to jail for this offence. In 1991 he was arrested for
yelling death threats and in 1992 for assaulting his girlfriend.
In 1993, he struck and killed a pedestrian while driving
drunk. He pleaded guilty to drunken driving charges and was
sentenced to a year in jail and five years’ probation. He was
released from jail in 1996 but was then arrested for drug
offenses.
He died of a heart attack in January 2006 at age 64. Little
Richard preached at Pickett’s funeral.
Pink Floyd
The British acid rock band Pink Floyd was formed by Syd
Barrett in 1965, but commercial success did not come until
the 1973 album The Dark Side of the Moon. “The themes were
unremittingly bleak—alienation, paranoia, schizophrenia—
and the music was at once sterile and doomy” (Rolling Stones
Encyclopedia of Rock, p. 768). The album stayed on the
Billboard pop chart for 725 weeks. Their 1990 album, The
Wall, earned $20 million in one year. “The Wall lyrics
explored psychic powers (‘Nobody Home’), sex (‘Young Lust’
— ‘I need a dirty woman’), and educational anarchism.” Song
titles included such unhealthy themes as “Goodbye Cruel
World,” “Empty Spaces,” and “Comfortably Numb.” Rolling
Stone magazine described this popular rock album as “a
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foursided scream of alienation so disturbing it made Lennon’s
primal Plastic Ono Band seem like a Saturday afternoon singalong” (Sept. 16, 1982, p. 14).
In “Another Brick in the Wall,” Pink Floyd encourages
young people to rebel against their parents and teachers. “We
don’t need no education. We don’t need no thought control…
I ain’t did nothing to you. I ain’t dumb, I ain’t stupid … Hey,
teacher, leave us kids alone…”
Syd Barrett attributed part of his inspiration to acid guru
Timothy Leary. He consumed endless “hits” of LSD, which
turned him into a near vegetable. During his last days with
the band, he was described as having “completely changed, he
just looked like there was nobody home” (Unknown Legends,
p. 111). During concerts he would merely stand on stage in a
catatonic state, “playing one note, or playing nothing at all.”
He spent time in a mental ward and lived as a near recluse.
He beat his girlfriend with a mandolin and kept her locked in
a room for three days. He died in 2006 at age 60 of pancreatic
cancer.
Pink Floyd’s music often glorified drug abuse. One of their
songs was titled “Comfortably Numb.” In 1975, 511 people
were arrested for possession of drugs at a series of concerts
being performed by Pink Floyd at the sports arena in Los
Angeles.
Their Animals album contains a blasphemous rendering of
the 23rd Psalm entitled “Sheep.” It depicts Christians as
gullible sheep being led to slaughter by a cruel and merciless
god. The song ends with a vicious statement that the people
will eventually rise up and destroy God.
A teenager in Wisconsin committed suicide by hanging
himself to death in 1986 in his dormitory room at St. John’s
Military Academy. “His death was clearly marked as a
ritualistic suicide. Next to the body were a human skull and a
burning candle. Tape-recorded rock music played
continuously. What was the taped music? It was a morbid
album by Pink Floyd entitled The Wall. The very lyrics
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produced great depression and promoted suicide. The
medical examiner stated, ‘My personal feeling is that this type
of music is going to add to the depression. If they’re
depressed, this music is going to send them deeper. And if he
wanted to change his mind sometime during this, the music
wouldn’t help.’ What were the titles of the songs on the
albums? A few were ‘Is There Anybody Out There?’ and
‘Goodbye, Cruel World,’ and ‘Waiting for the Worms’” (H.T.
Spence, Confronting Contemporary Christian Music, p. 99).
Pink Floyd’s suicide song “Goodbye Cruel World” stayed
on the charts for 17 weeks in 1980.
“In Plano, Texas [in 1983], Bruce and Bill, best friends,
listened to the Pink Floyd album ‘Pink Floyd — The Wall,’
about a rock singer who builds a wall around his life to shut
out the world. The two teens began dressing in rebel-style
leather jackets and boots. One night, during a drag race, Bill
was sideswiped accidentally and killed. Bruce kept to himself
afterward, telling friends that he would see Bill again ‘Some
sunny day,’ a line from the album. The day after Bill’s funeral,
Bruce was found dead in his car of carbon monoxide
poisoning. The cassette in the tape player was playing one of
Pink Floyd’s songs, ‘Goodbye, Cruel World.’ Six days later
another boy in Plano killed himself by the same method.
According to Newsweek, his radio was blaring the same type
of music” (The Truth about Rock, pp. 54, 55).
Quicksilver Messenger Service
Quicksilver Messenger Service was one of the rock groups
that held a concert in January 1967 to promote Krishna
Consciousness and the building of a Hindu temple. Swami
Prabhupada, founder of ISKCON (the International Society
for Krishna Consciousness) shared the stage with Quicksilver
Messenger Service, the Grateful Dead, Big Brother and the
Holding Company (Janis Joplin’s group), and Jefferson
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chant for an hour.
Dino Valenti, of Quicksilver Messenger Service died in
1994 at age 51. Valenti was arrested in 1965 shortly after the
band was formed and was jailed for drug possession.
John Cipollina died in 1989 at age 45 of chronic asthma
aggravated by heavy smoking.
The Rolling Stones
The Rolling Stones, formed in 1962, are one of the most
influential rock bands of all time. They named themselves
after the 1948 hit “Rollin’ Stone” by the famous blues
musician Muddy Waters. They still record and tour. Their
1999 tour, consisting of only 45 appearances, took in more
than $89 million.
That the Rolling Stones have dark objectives beyond
merely having a “good time” (or at least they did back in the
1960s) is evident in the following statement by band leader
Mick Jagger: “We’re moving after the minds and so are most
of the new groups” (Hit Parader, January 1968).
The Rolling Stones have indeed had a vast and extremely
unholy influence in the minds of millions of people.
The band members grew up in upper middle class homes
but were rebels. Brian Jones’ parents wanted him to pursue a
career in classical music, but he fell in love with American
blues as a young teenager and rebelled against his father. He
was eventually forced out of the house.
ROLLING STONES AND REVOLUTION. According to a
biographer of the Rolling Stones, Mick Jagger developed his
interest in revolution at the London School of Economics,
where the slogan was “Kill the Bourgeoisie.” The school was
established by the leftist Fabian Socialists of Great Britain
under the leadership of Sidney Webb, who published a book
praising Joseph Stalin and the USSR (Noebel, The Legacy of
John Lennon, p. 70). After a three-month sentence for
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possession of narcotics, the embittered Jagger became a
“committed revolutionary.” Jagger “really felt a revolution
coming” and “he saw the Stones as the vanguard of a
historical bloody period of change” (Tony Sanchez, Up and
Down with the Rolling Stones, p. 62). Jagger wrote “Street
Fighting Man” and exclaimed in the lyrics, “Now is the time
for violent revolution.” Of the Stones’ Beggar Banquet album,
the Yale Daily News reported that “six of the ten songs are
blatantly revolutionary, their heavy rhythm pounding,
mobilizing, appealing to the people.”
The chorus to “Gimme Shelter” says: “Rape! Murder! It’s
just a shot away!” Jagger told critics of the album, “Anarchy is
the only slight glimmer of hope. Anybody should be able to
go where he likes and do what he likes” (Rock Lives, p. 178).
Rock critic Mikal Gilmore described a Rolling Stones
concert in terms of rebellion against authority:
“I remember Jagger in an off-white suit, a bright blue
ruffled shirt, barefoot and messy-haired, pulled up into
a mock-toreador’s stance, coaxing the audience with the
shimmies of his tambourine, getting upbraided by a
policeman down front who had to hold off the rushing
kids, then kicking trash in the cop’s startled face, waving
him off with a scornful flick of the wrist, as if to dismiss,
forever, any last threats of authority. I’d never seen
anything that flirted so wildly and ably with mass chaos.
… Later, I read something by critic Jon Landau that
explained that show. ‘Violence. The Rolling Stones are
violence. Their music penetrates the raw nerve endings
of their listeners and finds its way into the groove
marked “release of frustration.” Their violence has
always been a surrogate for the larger violence their
audience is so capable of ’” (Mikal Gilmore, Night Beat,
p. 74).
Mick Jagger defined rock music in these terms: “The best
rock & roll music encapsulates a certain high energy—an
angriness—whether on record or onstage. That is, rock & roll
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is only rock & roll if it’s not safe. … Violence and energy—
and that’s really what rock & roll’s all about” (Mick Jagger, as
told to Mikal Gilmore, Night Beat, p. 87).
In their 1965 song “I’m Free” they sang, “I’m free to do
what I want any old time ... I’m free to choose what I please
any old time.” This has been the theme of rock & roll since
the 1950s.
The Rolling Stones album Dirty Work in 1986 contained a
vicious song with the following lyrics: “Gonna pulp you to a
mess of bruises/ ‘Cause that’s what you’re lookin’ for/ There’s a
hole where your nose used to be/ Gonna kick you out my
door/ … Gonna blow you to a million pieces/ blow you sky
high/ … Splatter matter on the bloody ceiling…”
ROLLING STONES AND DRUGS. In 1967, Brian Jones,
Mick Jagger, and Keith Richards were arrested for drug
possession. Richards was found guilty of allowing his home
to be used for drug use and was sentenced to one year in jail
and fined 500 pounds. During his trial, Richards told the
judge: “We are not old men. We are not worried about petty
morals.” Jagger was found guilty of illegal possession of pep
pills and was sentenced to three months in jail and fined 300
pounds. Brian Jones was convicted for possession of
marijuana in 1968. Jagger was arrested in 1969 for possession
of marijuana. His girlfriend, Marianne Faithfull, nearly died
of an overdose of barbiturates that year and entered a hospital
for treatment of heroin addiction. In July 1969, Brian Jones
drowned at age 26 after abusing barbiturates and alcohol. At
the funeral service, Canon Hugh Evans Hopkins admitted
that Jones “was a rebel” and that he “had little patience with
authority, convention and tradition” (Hellhounds on Their
Trail, p. 199). Only two members of the Rolling Stones turned
up for Brian’s funeral.
In 1970, Keith Richards and his live-in girlfriend, Anita
Pallenberg, moved to France to dodge British taxes, and he
had heroin shipped to him concealed inside his son’s toys
(Rock Lives, p. 183). The two children of Richards and
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Pallenberg were both delivered while their mother was
addicted to heroin. (A third child died ten weeks after it was
born in 1976.) In December 1972, Richards and Pallenberg
were busted in France for possession of heroin, cocaine, and
hashish. Anita was arrested that same month in Jamaica for
possession of marijuana. In June 1973, Richards was arrested
in London when police found guns, heroin, and Mandrax
tablets during a raid of his home. Richards was arrested again
in 1976, when police discovered a silver cylinder containing
cocaine in his car after he lost control at the wheel and
slammed into a center highway divider. Richards was
convicted twice of possession of heroin in 1977. In 1980,
Rolling Stones guitarist Ron Wood was arrested for
possession of cocaine and spent his 1983 Christmas holiday
in drug rehabilitation. He had been spending more than
$2,500 a week on cocaine. After treatment, he testified that he
would continue to drink because “I didn’t want to end up like
some religious fanatic who couldn’t even enjoy a
drink” (Rolling Stone, Feb. 2, 1984, p. 14).
THE ROLLING STONES AND THE OCCULT. Newsweek
magazine (Jan. 4, 1971) called Jagger “the Lucifer of rock”
and “the unholy roller.” Keith Richards says that their songs
“came spontaneously like an inspiration at a séance” and
“arrived ‘en masse’ as if the Stones as songwriters were only a
willing and open medium” (Rolling Stone, May 5, 1977, p. 55).
The cover to the album Goat Head Soup pictures a severed
goat’s head floating in a boiling cauldron. This is symbolic for
Satan worship. The cover to Their Satanic Majesty’s Request
shows the group posed as warlocks. The 1968 song
“Sympathy for the Devil” from the Beggars Banquet album is
the unofficial song for Satanic groups in America. The song
contains pounding African drums and screams that sound
like the field recording of an African voodoo ceremony. The
Rolling Stones also use the recording of a voodoo ceremony
in the song “Continental Drift” from the Steel Wheels album
(Heartbeat of the Dragon, p. 98).
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The idea for “Sympathy for the Devil” came from Satanist
Kenneth Anger, and the concept “was based on The Master
and Margarita, a book which deals with satanic
fantasy” (Hellhounds on Their Trail, p. 69). Mick Jagger was
deeply involved in the occult at that time. He purchased
many materials on occult/pagan themes, including the
Tibetan Book of the Dead and the Taoist Secret of the Golden
Flower. At the end of The Rolling Stones’ Rock ‘n’ Roll Circus
tour, Jagger ripped off his shirt to reveal a tattoo of the devil
on his chest. Brian Jones was dressed as the devil at that
concert, which was to be his last. The concert ended with
“Sympathy for the Devil.”
Jagger dressed up as the devil for his 1969 tour, which
included the fateful concert near San Francisco in which at
least four died and hundreds were injured. Brian Jones spent
time in Morocco recording the trance music of Moroccan
dervish brotherhoods, “who were reported to heal sickness
and soothe troubled minds with their hypnotic drumming,
singsong drone, and bluesy lute playing” (Turner, Stairway to
Heaven, p. 178).
Jones “trekked into the Rif foothills south of Tangier to
capture the ancient music, offered to the goat deity Pan, and
for the next several months lost himself in producing what
would eventually become the posthumously released Brian
Jones Presents the Pipes of Pan at Jajouka” (Ibid.).
In late July 2008, Stones’ guitarist Ronnie Wood entered
drug rehab for the second time in a month.
Keith Richards and his girlfriend, Anita Pallenberg,
practiced magic rituals in their bedroom. When a 17-year-old
boy killed himself playing Russian roulette with a .38 special
Smith and Wesson revolver in Richards’ home in New York,
investigating police found animals that had been
ritualistically killed (Time, Dec. 26, 1983, p. 54).
Mick Jagger wrote part of the music score for the film
“Invocation of My Demon Brother” by Satanist Kenneth
Anger, who is dedicated to promoting the evil philosophy of
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Aleister Crowley. Anger called his films “visual incantations”
and “moving spells.” Jagger, Keith Richards, Anita Pallenberg,
and Marianne Faithfull were fascinated with Anger, who was
“a great tub thumper for the occult.” Jagger assisted in the
production of the Anger film Lucifer Rising. Marianne
Faithfull performed in the film and later said: “Even as inept
as Kenneth was, I knew he was dangerous in a way. … I used
to feel a lot of the bad luck in my life came from that
film” (Faithfull: An Autobiography, p. 208).
Anger said that Brian Jones and Keith Richards’ girlfriend,
Anita, were witches (Blown Away: The Rolling Stones and the
Death of the Sixties, p. 184). Marianne Faithfull said that
Anita was “sort of a black queen, a dark person.” Tony
Sanchez, who traveled with the Rolling Stones, said that
Anita kept a strange chest in her room “the drawers were
filled with scraps of bone, wrinkled skin and fur from strange
animals” (Sanchez, Up and Down with the Rolling Stones, p.
151). Brian Jones told Anger that “in another time they
would have burned me” (David Dalton, The Rolling Stones, p.
111).
In Hellhounds on the Trail, Gary Patterson gives many
other details of the Rolling Stones’ occultic involvement.
THE ROLLING STONES CONCERT AT ALTAMONT
SPEEDWAY in California in 1969 was an orgy of demonic
violence. At least 300,000 young people attended the poorly
planned concert, and the crowd was awash with poor quality
LSD. The medical team quickly ran out of Thorazine, the
drug used to calm people down from a bad trip (Waiting for
the Man, p. 147). The Stones hired the Hell’s Angels for
security, allegedly paying them in drugs and alcohol; and the
drunken, drug-crazed bikers began beating people
mercilessly and sadistically with weighted pool cues as the
crowd began to get out of order after the arrival of the Rolling
Stones in a helicopter. Hells Angels ran over helpless people
with their motorcycles. Marty Balin of the Jefferson Airplane
was knocked senseless when he tried to rescue someone. A
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young black man, Meredith Hunter, was repeatedly stabbed
and viciously kicked and beaten right in front of the stage. A
bucket was also brutally crushed into his eyes. When some
people tried to come to his aid as he lay bleeding to death, the
Angels drove them away. Mick Jagger was dressed as the devil
for the concert tour. During the violence, the Stones were
playing “Sympathy for the Devil,” “Under My Thumb,” and
“Gimme Shelter.”
“The more they were beaten and bloodied, the more
they were impelled, as if by some supernatural force, to
offer themselves as human sacrifices to these agents of
Satan. The violence transcended all comprehension. It
had become some primeval ritual. … And now the
pounding voodoo drumming and the primitive shrieks
echoed out, and the Rolling Stones were into their song
of homage to the Antichrist … ‘Sympathy for the Devil’
became the focus of all the evil energy roaring through
the crowd” (Tony Sanchez, Up and Down with the
Rolling Stones, pp. 184,185).
The vicious, Satanic concert was filmed and became a
motion picture entitled Gimme Shelter. At least four people
died, three by beating and stabbing and one by drowning in a
canal, and hundreds were injured.
That was not the only violent Rolling Stones concert. In
Paris in September 1970, rock fans bombarded the police
with bricks and iron bars, and there were many arrests.
During the 1972 North American tour, there were riots and
arrests in San Diego, Tucson, Washington, Boston, and
Montreal. In San Diego, 15 went to the hospital. At a Stones
concert in Berlin in 1981, “the crowds ran wild, setting fire to
the stadium and vandalizing the shops outside.” Mick Jagger
later commented: “I entice the audience. Of course I
do” (“Death at the Coliseum,” Families magazine, Oct. 1981,
p. 108).
THE ROLLING STONES AND IMMORALITY. Many of
the Rolling Stones’ songs and stage antics are so filthy that
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neither the titles, the lyrics, nor the descriptions can be
printed. Their 1964 British hit song “Little Red Rooster” was
banned for U.S. airwaves as obscene. They have wielded a farreaching and vile influence upon their generation.
“A Stones concert is an orgy of sexual celebration, with
Jagger as head cheerleader. Strutting and prancing across the
stage, his androgynous performances delight both men and
women” (Larson’s Book of Rock, p. 181).
Rolling Stones Encyclopedia calls them “icons of an
elegantly debauched, world-weary decadence.” When the
Stones were invited to the Ed Sullivan Show in 1966, they
were not allowed to sing the words “let’s spend the night
together” on the air, but were required to change it to “let’s
spend some time together.” The nation has become much
more immoral since then, and rock & roll is one of the chief
influences in the moral decline.
The members of the Rolling Stones have lived the immoral
rock & roll lifestyle popularized by their music. Jagger has
slept with many women. When Marianne Faithfull moved in
with Jagger in the mid-1960s, she was still married to John
Dunbar. She had Dunbar’s son in 1965, but by the late ’60s
she was pregnant by Jagger, though she miscarried. She was
not divorced from Dunbar until 1970. While Faithfull was
pregnant, Jagger was having an affair with Anita Pallenberg.
In an interview with David Frost, Jagger thumbed his nose at
God’s laws by saying: “I don’t really want to get married
particularly. … I don’t feel that I really need it” (Sanchez, p.
119). Marianne Faithfull also had affairs with Keith Richards
and Brian Jones, and in fact, was bisexual. She told Tony
Sanchez, “I like to make love with young, beautiful people.
Whether they are boys or girls doesn’t make an awful lot of
difference” (Sanchez, p. 120). Jagger had an illegitimate child
by his girlfriend Marsha Hunt not long after Faithfull
miscarried his child. In May 1971, Jagger married Bianca
Perez Moreno de Macias. She was four months pregnant
when they married. They divorced in 1979, sharing custody
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of their daughter, Jade. Bianca later testified, “A rock star is
the worst husband a woman could have” (Sanchez, p. 315). In
November 1990, Jagger married model Jerry Hall in Bali in a
Hindu wedding. The couple had long been living together.
During the ceremony, Mick and Jerry “changed their religion
to Hinduism,” vowing belief in reincarnation. They had four
children, but Jerry filed divorce papers on January 15, 1999.
The press reported that “the Texas-born model has put up
with years of Jagger’s well-publicized infidelities but
apparently considered the latest reports that he had
impregnated a Brazilian model [Luciana Gimenez Morad]
too much to bear” (AP, London, Jan. 16, 1999). Hall and
Jagger had lived together for 21 years and have four children.
The couple separated the first time in 1992 after Jagger was
linked to Italian model Carla Bruni. In 1999, Luciana Morad,
the mother of Jagger’s illegitimate child, told Europe’s Hello
magazine that, even though Mr. Jagger has yet to meet his
four-month-old son, he is a “very loving father” (Calvary
Contender, Sept. 15, 1999).
Both Brian Jones and Keith Richards were sexually
involved with Anita Pallenberg. Jones abandoned his wife
and baby for Pallenberg (Sanchez, Up and Down with the
Rolling Stones, p. 26). Pallenberg later had three children by
Richards (the third died shortly after birth). In 1983,
Richards married Patti Hansen in Mexico. Forty-seven-yearold Rolling Stone band member Bill Wyman had an affair
with a teenage girl named Mandy Smith. The affair began
when she was only 13. When the relationship was revealed in
the press in 1986, he fled to Nice to avoid prosecution.
The Rolling Stones advertised their album Black and Blue
on billboards in California by “a lady scantily dressed ... being
beaten black and blue by her lovers.” The same
sadomachochism is depicted on the Some Girls album where
Mick Jagger asks, “Am I rough enough, and am I tough
enough for you?” in the song “Beast of Burden.” Another
song on the album is “When the Whip Comes Down.”
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The Stones 1983 Undercover album was called “very gory”
by Keith Richards. One song is “the stomach-churning saga
of a man who hacks up his girlfriend, eats her, makes
reference to The Texas Chainsaw Massacre, then turns around
and proclaims ‘I want to sing/ I want to dance … and make
some love’” (Rock magazine, February 1984).
“Brian Jones was the first heterosexual male to start
wearing costume jewelry from Sak’s Fifth Avenue. ... Once he
kept a box score of his women and it added up to sixty-four
in one month. ... One of the first things Brian ever told me
was about a vision that he once had coming out of a night
club in London’s 3:00 A.M. dawn. It was as if the heavens had
called upon him to look up and see the face of a goddess
angel telling him to work for human good. It was a vision that
guided him for as long as I knew him and yet he always kept
cursing himself as one who used his power for evil. Shall I tell
you about the dog chain he used to carry to beat his girl
friend?” (Somma, No One Waved Good-Bye, p. 29).
Brian Jones, vocalist and guitarist for the Stones, drowned
in July 1969 at age 26 after abusing barbiturates and alcohol.
At the funeral service, Canon Hugh Evans Hopkins admitted
that Jones “was a rebel,” that he “had little patience with
authority, convention and tradition” (Hellhounds on Their
Trail, p. 199). Jones last concert before his death was The
Rolling Stones’ Rock ‘n’ Roll Circus. Jones was dressed as the
devil. It ended with the song “Sympathy for the Devil,” and as
the song reached its climax, Jagger ripped off his shirt to
reveal a tattoo of the devil on his chest.
Authur Alexander, songwriter/R&B singer who wrote
songs that were recorded by the Beatles and the Rolling
Stones, died in 1993 at age 53 of heart and respiratory
problems.
Jimmy Miller, rock singer/producer who produced some of
the Rolling Stones' most occultic albums, including Beggar's
Banquet and Goat's Head Soup, died in 1994 at age 52 of liver
failure.
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Producer/songwriter Keith Diamond, who worked with
Mick Jagger and others, died in 1997 at age 45 of a heart
attack.
Mitch Ryder and the Detroit Wheels
Mitch Ryder was very popular in the 1960s with his band
Detroit Wheels. (Ryder’s real name was William Levise, Jr.)
Their cover of “C.C. Rider” became a No. 10 hit in 1966 and
was followed by “Devil with a Blue Dress On,” “Good Golly
Miss Molly,” “Sock It to Me Baby,” and many others. Ryder
pursued a solo career in 1967.
In the 1970s he had a comeback with several albums, “all
containing his own songs, a few of which alluded to
homosexual experiences” (Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock,
p. 863).
Ryder’s 1994 song “Mercy” was a tribute to Dr. Jack
Kevorkian, who participated in a reputed 137 assisted
suicides. In March 1999, a Michigan jury found Kevorkian
guilty of murder for the September 1998 death of 52-year-old
Thomas Youk, and he was sentenced to 10 to 25 years in
prison.
Mitch Ryder is called a “notable acid victim” by Harry
Shapiro in his history of drug abuse in popular music
Detroit Wheels’ drummer Johnny Badanjek formed his
own band which in 1968 recorded “Linda Sue Dixon,” a song
glorifying the illicit hallucinogenic drug LSD.
Joseph Cubert, guitarist for Mitch Ryder and the Detroit
Wheels, died in 1991 at age 44 of liver cancer.
Shorty Long (born Frederick Earl Long), who wrote “Devil
with the Blue Dress on,” that became a massive hit for Mitch
Ryder & the Detroit Wheels in 1966, drowned in 1969 at age
29.
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Sam and Dave
The Sam and Dave duo, which was formed in 1961 by
David Moore and Dave Prater, had many hits in the 1960s,
including “Soul Man” and “Hold on, I’m Coming.” Their
nickname was “Double Dynamite.”
Dave Prater died in 1988 at age 50 of injuries sustained in a
car wreck. A long-time drunk and drug addict, he shot his
first wife, Annie Belle, to death in 1968 and was arrested in
1987 for selling crack cocaine. He had started his singing
career in a church choir and sang in a gospel group called The
Sensational Hummingbirds, but he followed his heart into the
world.
Santana
The 1960s rock band Santana rocketed to fame at the 1969
Woodstock Festival.
Carlos Santana was a disciple of the Hindu guru Sri
Chinmoy until 1983. In 1973, Carlos changed his name to
Devadip, meaning “the Lamp of the Light of the Supreme.”
In 1977, Santana told Rolling Stone magazine that
Chinmoy “is Divine Being” (April 7, 1977, p. 23).
Santana was led into his relationship with Chinmoy by
John McLaughlin. He recorded an album with McLaughlin
and went on tour to promote Chinmoy. McLaughlin said,
“One night we were playing, and suddenly the spirit entered
into me, and I was playing, but it was no longer me
playing” (Circus, April 1972, p. 38). McLaughlin said his role
as a musician “is to make everyone aware of his own
divinity” (Newsweek, March 27, 1972, p. 77).
Santana’s Oneness album contained quotes from Chinmoy
and encouraged the fans to write to him.
Santana broke with his Chinmoy when he said that
homosexuality is wrong (Rolling Stone, March 16, 2000, p.
86).
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Santana’s Caravanserai album has the following quote from
Hindu guru Paramahansa Yogananda: “The body melts into
the universe. The universe melts into the soundless voice. The
sound melts into the all-shiny light. And the light enters the
bosom of infinite joy.”
Santana believes his music is channeled through a
guardian angel named Mathatron or Metaron or Metatron,
who has a female twin named Sandalion. He says,
“Methatron is the architect of the electron and the angel
inside the womb of every woman. He makes the
fingerprints” (“Spirit of Santana,” USA Today, Oct. 16, 2002,
p. D2).
Santana describes the channeling as “kind of like a fax
machine.” He said, “... you meditate and you got the candles,
you got the incense and you’ve been chanting, and all of a
sudden you hear this voice, ‘Write this down’” (Rolling Stone,
March 16, 2000, p. 41). He claims that his instructions for the
Supernatural album came directly “from Metatron.” He said
that he tunes into the same “channel” as the late rock guitarist
Jimi Hendrix and jazzman John Coltrane: “There’s an
invisible radio that Jimi Hendrix and Coltrane tuned in to,
and when you go there you start channeling this other
music” (Santana, Rolling Stone, March 16, 2000). He also said:
“Metatron wants something from me, and I know exactly
what it is. ... The people who listen to the music are
connected to a higher form of themselves. That’s why I get a
lot of joy from this CD, because it’s a personal invitation from
me to people: Remember your divinity” (Rolling Stone, March
16, 2000, p. 89).
Santana says, “The energy of devils and angels is the same
energy; its how you use it. It’s fuel... You know, the halo and
the horns are the same thing. I mean it’s OK to be spiritually
horny -- that’s what creative genius is all about. Genuises
don’t have time to think about how it’s going to be received ...
they don’t have time to think whether people like it or not, is
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it morally right, will God like it?” (Rolling Stone, March 16,
2000, pp. 87, 88).
Santana claims that he was taken over by a spirit while
playing at Woodstock in 1969 and that his guitar turned into
a serpent. “Instead of a guitar neck, I was playing with an
electric snake” (Rolling Stone, March 16, 2000).
Santana’s 1999 album, Supernatural, sold 25 million copies.
His 2002 album was titled Shaman.
In 2002, Santana said, “Two things will never go out of
style: spirituality and sex. They’re the same thing” (“Spirit of
Santana,” USA Today, Oct. 16, 2002, p. D1).
In 2003, Santana announced that he was donating the
proceeds of his U.S. “Shaman” tour to help fight AIDS in
Africa. At a press conference attended by liberal Archbishop
Desmond Tutu of South Africa, Santana said, “We invite you
to join us in spreading a spiritual virus. ... When you get to
the other side, they will not ask you whether you’re a
Christian or a Mexican or Buddhist or Muslim. They will ask
you, ‘What did you do with the energy and life that we gave
you?’” (The Straits Times, Singapore, June 7, 2003).
Santana told Rolling Stone magazine that his first spiritual
awakening occurred when he took LSD in the 1960s (Rolling
Stone, March 16, 2000).
The Santana album Abraxas was named after a demon in
occultism. The occultic term “abracadabra” is derived from
this name. The cover to their Festival album depicts an occult
Hindu idol with serpents on either side of it. Other Santana
songs include “Black Magic Woman” and “Evil Ways.”
Santana divorced his first wife in 2007 and married rock
drummer Cindy Blackman in 2010.
In an interview with Rolling Stone following his divorce,
Santana said his God is a God of unconditional love that has
no legal standards. Santana is one of many rock musicians
who have tried to combine sexuality with spirituality.
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“I'm not sick of what I do, but I find that God gave me
the gift of communication even without my guitar and
with the ability to get people unstuck with certain
sections of the Bible having to do with guilt, shame,
judgment and fear. The God of that stuff is retarded,
demented and not real. The real God is beauty, grace,
dignity and unconditional love. And I'm the kind of
motivator who can motivate people to believe that what
I'm saying is good for them. It’s like my manager Bill
Graham once said to me: ‘Carlos, you have to accept
that your music is very sensual and stop apologizing for
it. People want to have sex to your music, and that's just
the way that it is.’ And once I accepted that, I wasn't so
much in conflict with my Catholic upbringing and
thinking it was dirty or against God to have an
erection” (Rolling Stone, Oct. 16, 2008).
David Brown, bassist for Santana, died in September 2000
at age 40.
Seals and Crofts
Seals and Crofts, composed of the duo James Seals and
Darrell Crofts, formed in the 1960s and achieved success in
the 1970s.
They converted to the Baha’i religion in 1969. Many of
their songs refer to Baha’i. The song “East of Ginger Trees”
says, “Prepare to meet Baha’u’llah in the Garden of
Clove.” (Baha’u’llah was the founder of Baha’i.) Their album
Takin’ It Easy ends with the song “A Tribute to ‘Abdu’l
Baha’” (Muncy, The Role of Rock, p. 172).
Del Shannon
As a teenager, Del Shannon (born Charles Westover)
(1939-1990) idolized Hank Williams and desired to perform
rockabilly music. Against his father’s wishes he practiced the
guitar and began playing in school shows. He changed his
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name to Del Shannon in 1960, and had a hit single,
“Runaway,” in early 1961. It sold over a million copies. In
1963, he was voted the most popular male singer in England.
As his popularity increased so did his addiction to liquor,
which in turn affected his entire life. Though he entered a
rehabilitation program in 1978, he did not stop drinking. His
first wife left him in the mid-1980s. His second marriage was
also falling apart. He was extremely depressed and began
taking Prozac.
In February 1990, Shannon shot himself in the head with
a .22 caliber handgun. He was 50 years old.
Dustie Springfield
Dustie Springfield (1939-1999) was born Mary O’Brien in
London and began her career with the Lana Sisters. In 1960,
she and her brother Dion joined the Springfields, a pop/folk
trio. She changed her name to Dustie Springfield and he, to
Tom Springfield. The group had some hits but disbanded in
1963, and Dustie pursued a solo career. She had 19 hit singles
between 1963 and 1979.
She said she “lost nearly all the 1970s in a haze of booze
and pills” and admitted sleeping with both men and women
(Whatever Happened to..., p. 180).
She lived in a “domestic partnership” with Norma Tanega.
In September 1970, Springfield said, “... many other people
say I’m bent, and I’ve heard it so many times that I've almost
learned to accept it ... I know I'm perfectly as capable of being
swayed by a girl as by a boy. More and more people feel that
way and I don't see why I shouldn't” (Ray Connolly, “Dusty
Springfield,” Evening Standard, Sept. 1970).
She died in 1999 of breast cancer.
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Steppenwolf
Steppenwolf was most famous for its 1968 mega-hit “Born
to Be Wild,” which was featured in the biker film Easy Rider
and was one of the theme songs of the hippie movement. The
All Music Guide to Rock calls “Born to Be Wild” a “call to
arms to the counterculture movement.” The song’s reference
to “heavy metal thunder” was adopted as the name for metal
rock.
On a recent television special about ’70s rock, young
people were asked what they felt when they heard “Born to
Be Wild.” Summarizing the essence of all the comments, one
young lady said: “When you hear ‘Born to Be Wild’ you just
want to party.” This is the essence of rock & roll.
Four members of Steppenwolf died young.
Rushton Moreve, bass guitarist, died in 1981 at age 32 in a
motorcycle accident. He had been fired from the band in
1968 when he refused to fly to California, believing a
prophecy by Animal Huxley, Aldous Huxley’s granddaughter,
that the state was going to be destroyed by an earthquake
(“Between Rushton and Nick,” GoldyMcJohn.com).
Andy Chapin, keyboardist, died in 1985 in a plane crash.
He was in his 30s.
Jerry Edmonton, drummer, died in 1995 at age 45 in an
automobile wreck.
I don’t have the details of the fourth death.
Sly Stone
Sly & the Family Stone was formed in 1967 by Sylvester
Stewart, who calls himself Sly Stone (b. 1944). Other
members were Freddie Stone (real name Freddie Stewart),
Larry Graham, Cynthia Robinson, Greg Errico, Rosie Stone,
and Jerry Martini. They “fused black rhythms and a
psychedelic sensibility into a new pop/soul/rock hybrid” and
“along with James Brown, virtually invented Seventies
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funk” (Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock, p. 912). Their many
hits included “Everyday People,” “Dance to the Music,” “I
Want to Take You Higher,” and “Stand!” Many of their songs
promoted immorality.
Sly Stone grew up in a Christian home and began singing
gospel music at age four with the family group, the Stewart
Four, and started his recording career at age five with the
single “On the Battlefield for My Lord.” He was much more
attracted to the world and its music, and by his teen years he
was pursuing a career in R&B. He and Cynthia Robinson
formed Family Stone in 1966 to “merge white rock and black
soul.” They quickly began to have huge hits.
By the end of the 1960s, Sly Stone was heavily involved
with cocaine and was displaying a “dual personality.” He was
notorious for arriving late or missing concerts in the 1970s.
He canceled large numbers of music engagements, refused to
fulfill his contracts, was the object of many lawsuits, was
evicted from his $250,000 house because he couldn’t make
the mortgage payments, and had many confrontations with
the police. In July 1972, he was arrested when police found
narcotics and two pounds of marijuana in his vehicle. In early
1973, Stone was arrested for possession of cocaine,
marijuana, and other dangerous drugs. In August 1981, Stone
was arrested for cocaine possession. In 1982, he was charged
with possession of a freebasing kit, a handgun, and cocaine.
In February 1983, police found a sawed-off shotgun and “a
quantity of white powder” in a van occupied by Sly Stone and
four other men. In June 1983, Stone was charged with
possession of cocaine and drug paraphernalia when police
found him passed out in a motel room with a female
companion. In August 1983, Stone was charged with grand
theft for taking a $5,000 gold ring from a hotel owner. In
1987, Stone was twice charged with possession of cocaine.
The second time the drug was found when police entered his
house to arrest him for non-payment of child support and
found him “incoherent and violent.” In 1989, he was
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sentenced to 55 days in prison for driving under the
influence of cocaine.
In June 1974, Stone married 20-year-old Kathy Silva in a
wedding ceremony on stage at Madison Square Garden. She
had birthed their child, Sylvester Bubb Ali Stewart, Jr., several
months earlier. Silva sued for divorce a few months later.
An article at the slystonemusic.com web site in 2004
reported: “Rumours of isolation and eccentricity have
followed Sly’s legend over the years. He lived reclusively in
Los Angeles, and reports of his mental and physical health
were generally not encouraging, though his musical legacy
lives on through his classic and influential recordings.”
In 2011, it was reported that Stone was homeless and living
in a camper van. “Today, Sly is disheveled, paranoid--the FBI
is after him; his enemies have hired hit men. He refuses to let
The Post into his camper, but, ever the showman, poses
flamboyantly with a silver military helmet and a Taser in
front of his Studebaker” (“Funk Legend Sly Stone Homeless,”
New York Post, Sept. 25, 2011).
James Taylor
James Taylor (b. 1948) began writing songs as a teenager
when he was self committed to a psychiatric hospital for
several months and treated with Thorazine. He had
contemplated suicide. During the Vietnam War, he received a
psychological rejection from U.S. military’s Selective Service
System.
He moved to England in 1968 and recorded his debut
album.
He was addicted to heroin for many years. His song “Paint
it, Black” is about his drug experience. He also used acid, and
of his alcohol consumption, he said, “I don’t have much
moderation in my drinking. If I get intoxicated, I lose
control” (cited by Timothy White, Rock Lives, p. 414).
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In 1968, he underwent physeptone treatment in a British
program. Upon his return to New York, he committed
himself to the Austen Riggs Center in Stockbridge,
Massachusetts, which “emphasized cultural and historical
f a c t o r s i n t r y i n g t o t r e at d i ffi c u l t p s y c h i at r i c
disorders” (“James Taylor,” Wikipedia).
In 1972, Taylor married singer Carly Simon, but she left
him in 1981, saying, “Our needs are different; it seem[s]
impossible to stay together.” They divorced in 1983. Two
years later he married actress Kathryn Walker. That marriage
ended in 1996, but by then Taylor was dating Carolyn
Smedvig, whom he married in 2001.
Tornadoes
The British rock band The Tornadoes were formed in 1962
by producer/songwriter Joe Meek (1929-1967), founder of
Triumph Records. The band was composed of George
Bellamy, Heinz Burt, Alan Caddy, Clem Cattini, and Roger
Lavern. Meek’s 1962 composition “Telstar” became a massive
hit for the group, eventually selling over five million copies.
Joe Meek, called by The All Music Guide to Rock “an
inimitable figure of early British rock ‘n’ roll,” shot his
landlady to death before turning the shotgun on himself in
February 1966 at age 37. The murder-suicide occurred after
police questioned Meek about the dismembered body of a
homosexual acquaintance that had been found packed in two
suitcases in a hedgerow. Meek was a homosexual who had
been arrested for lewd acts in a public toilet. “His mother had
wanted a girl, gave him dolls to play with and dresses to
wear” (Penguin Encyclopedia of Popular Music).
“Meek’s tantrums were the stuff of legend—Dangerfield
remembers him throwing telephones at musicians with
whom he was displeased, and Lawrence recalls how he’d go
into fits and lock the doors to his studio for a week or
so” (Unknown Legends of Rock ‘n’ Roll, p. 148).
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Though “Telstar” made a fortune, Meek died penniless
(One Hit Wonders, p. 144).
Roger Lavern has gone through bankruptcy and many
marriages. He has had eight wives and has had children with
four other women (Whatever Happened to..., p. 193). His
eighth wife, Maria-Esther, is 20 years his junior. By 1986, he
was no longer able to play the keyboard because of a
crippling disease.
T. Rex
The British band T. Rex (shortened from Tyrannosaurus
Rex) was formed in 1967 and became extremely popular in
England, though less so in the States. Much of the music
focused on “myth, fantasy, and magic.” Their second album
was titled Prophets, Seers and Sages, the Angels of the Ages and
was inspired by Kahlil Gibran’s The Prophet.
Marc Bolan (born Mark Feld), vocalist for T. Rex, in an
interview with Rolling Stone not long before his death
testified that he was “living in a twilight world of drugs,
booze and kinky sex.” He said that he lived for two years with
a magician in Paris, France, where he practiced black magic;
and “he said that magic was responsible for his popularity
and musical success” (Heartbeat of the Dragon, p. 99).
“Whether it happened in real life or in his head, the
encounter with ‘the wizard’ had a potent impact on Mark,
because he became even more dreamy—writing stacks of
cosmic prose about dragons and young gods” (De Barres,
Rock Bottom, p. 26).
Bolan’s first solo record in 1965 was titled “The Wizard.” A
friend from his early days in London claims that he was
bisexual (De Barres, p. 25).
Bolan died in 1977 at age 29 in a car wreck which occurred
while he was driving home with his girlfriend, Gloria Jones,
at about 5 a.m. after partying all night in London nightclubs.
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Jones was driving and she hit a tree. Bolan had left his wife in
1975 and had been living with Jones.
Steve “Peregrine” Took, original drummer for T. Rex, died
in 1980 at age 31 from choking on a cherry pit after his throat
had become numbed with morphine (Rock Bottom, p. 33). He
was involved in Eastern religion and mysticism. His
uncontrolled drug use had caused his expulsion from the
band. After leaving, he joined drummer Dave Bidwell to form
a band called Shagrat.
Bidwell also died of a drug overdose (Waiting for the Man,
p. 248). Bidwell’s wife died the same way.
T. Rex bass player Steve Currie died in 1981 when he
swerved his car off the road at midnight (Rock Bottom, p. 33).
He was about 33 years old.
Troggs
The British rock band the Troggs was formed in 1964 as
the Troglodytes but the name was shortened in 1966. Their
song “Wild Thing” became a massive hit. Original members
were Reg Presley (real name Reginald Ball), Chris Britton,
Peter Staples, and Ronnie Bond (real name Ronald Bullis).
The group split up in 1969 but was reformed in 1972 and
continues to perform.
Their music focused on immoral themes. A bootleg of
their studio s essions contained “much foul
language” (Penguin Encyclopedia of Popular Music).
Ronnie Bond, original drummer for the Troggs, died in
1992 at age 50 of an undisclosed illness.
Velvet Underground
The Velvet Underground was named after the title of a
porno book documenting “sexual corruption.” The group was
morally vile, using drugs, flaunting fornication,
homosexuality, and other forms of deviant sex, promoting a
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nihilistic view of life. John Cale said their goal was to “go out
there and annoy people” (Heylin, From the Velvets to the
Voidoids, p. 22).
One of the Underground’s songs was titled “Heroin.” The
song “Venus in Furs” was about sado-masochism. In spite of
the group’s utter moral depravity, or perhaps because of it, the
Velvet Underground “were one of the most influential white
rock forces of the 1960s. David Bowie, Mott the Hoople, the
New York Dolls, Elliott Murphy, Roxy Music, Brian Eno, Patti
Smith, the Sex Pistols, Television, Joy Division, Jim Carroll,
R.E.M., and countless others would borrow from and extend
the Velvet Underground’s sound and vision” (Night Beat, p.
105).
Velvet Underground’s Lou Reed, “the God-father of Punk
rock,” is a bisexual who has glorified the use of heroin. Even
in high school, he was subject to mood swings so severe that
his parents committed him to psychiatric therapy, including
electroshock. He got out of his ROTC commitment at college
by pointing an unloaded gun at the head of his commanding
officer (Night Beat, p. 105). He was kicked out of Syracuse
University for operating a drug operation. “Lou Reed is the
guy that gave dignity and poetry and rock ‘n’ roll to smack,
speed, homosexuality, sadomasochism, murder, misogyny,
stumblebum passivity, and suicide…” (Lester Bangs, Screem).
Reed’s popular song “Walk on the Wild Side” is a “paean to
sexual perversion and drug abuse.” His album Lou Reed Rock
‘n’ Roll Animal, features drug-related songs such as “Sweet
Jane,” “Heroin,” and “White Light/White Heat.” The song
“Sister Ray” is about amphetamine abuse. The song “Waiting
for the Man” describes the love affair between a heroin addict
and his drug. “Heroin/ will be the death of me/ it’s my wife/
and its’ my life.” He has been married three times.
When he married the second time in 1980, the decision
“flabbergasted many of the people who’d pegged him as a
middle-aged, intractable gay” (Night Beat, p. 113). His song
“Pale Blue Eyes” justifies sex outside of marriage: “It was good
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what we did yesterday/ And I’d do it once again/ The fact that
you are married/ Only proves you’re my best friend/ But it’s
truly, truly a sin.”
Angus MacLise of the Velvet Underground died in 1979 at
roughly age 39 in Nepal of malnutrition and drug abuse.
Nico (born Christa Paffgen), a singer with the Velvet
Underground, died in 1988 at age 49 of cerebral hemorrhage
following a bicycle accident. She had long been addicted to
heroin and methadone.
The Who
The British rock band The Who, formed in 1964, was one
of the most influential bands of the ’60s and ’70s. The band
originally was composed of Peter Townshend, Roger Daltrey,
John Entwistle, and Keith Moon. In the early to mid-‘70s, the
band members began pursuing solo careers, though they also
have continued to perform and record together in the 1980s
and ‘90s.
The band was characterized by violence and rebellion. On
tour they smashed guitars and blew up drum sets. They also
destroyed hotel rooms. Keith Moon told Rolling Stone
magazine how he mangled a room with a hatchet, chopping
all of the furniture to pieces. The destruction of that
particular Holiday Inn room cost them $30,000 in damages.
Eventually “a five-thousand-dollar security deposit was
demanded before The Who could check in to any hotel in
America” (Rock Bottom, p. 183). In Montreal, the band even
ripped up the floor of a hotel room. The members of The
Who and others who were involved were jailed.
At a Who concert Cincinnati, Ohio, in December 1979,
eleven people were killed in the “dope-induced, hysterical”
rush to get into the concert.
Many of The Who songs were about rebellion and drugs.
The song “Anyway, Anyhow, Anywhere” stated: “Nothing gets
in my way, not even locked doors.” The song “Here Comes
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the Nice” was about the drug-abusing mods in Britain. “Here
comes the nice/ He knows what I need/ He’s always there
when I need some speed.” Band member Steve Marriott said
they did that type of song “to be rebellious in a way, to see
what we could get away with” (Waiting for the Man, p. 116).
Many of The Who songs were also morally vile, dealing
with fornication and adultery. Lead singer Roger Daltrey told
his wife about his promiscuous activities during tours.
“When you’re in a hotel, a pretty young lady makes life
bearable” (People, Dec. 13, 1975, p. 24). Though drummer
Keith Moon was married, he would bring strange women
home with him.
Pete Townshend of The Who followed guru Meher Baba
(“compassionate father”) for many years, beginning in 1968
or ’69. Baba believed himself the final incarnation of God for
this age, following and fulfilling the steps of Zoroaster,
Krishna, Rama, Buddha, Jesus and Mohammed. He taught
that total devotion to him was necessary for one to attain
oneness with God (Muncy, The Role of Rock, p. 176). He said:
“There is no doubt of my being God personified … I am the
Christ … I am everything and I am beyond everything.” His
most famous saying was “Don’t worry; be happy,” which was
contracted from the maxim: “Do your best, then leave the
rest to me and don’t worry; be happy.” Meher Baba held a
code of silence from the year 1925, claiming that when he
finally spoke the following would occur:
“When I break my silence, the impact of my love will be
universal and all life in creation will know, feel and
receive of it. It will help every individual to break
himself free from his own bondage in his own way. I am
the Divine Beloved who loves you more than you can
ever love yourself. The breaking of my silence will help
you to help yourself in knowing your real Self.”
Baba died in 1969 at age 74 without breaking his silence.
Townsend testified: “Baba is Christ, because being a Christian
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is just like being a Baba lover” (Bob Larson, Rock, 1984, p.
140).
Townshend said that he believed in reincarnation and
karma and called Baba “the highest, most advanced soul in
the Universe.” He claimed that “Rama Krishna, Buddha,
Zarathustra, Jesus and Meher Baba are all divine figures on
earth. They all said the same thing…” He opened a Baba
Center in London and published Baba material. In 1970, he
wrote the article “In Love with Meher Baba” for Rolling Stone
magazine. The Who song “Bargain” was written by
Townshend apparently as praise to Baba. The album Empty
Glass contains a quote from Baba: “Desire for nothing except
desirelessness, hope for nothing except to rise above all
hopes, want nothing and you will have everything.” The
album Who Came First ends with a prayer almost seven
minutes long adapted from Baba’s “Universal Prayer.” The
double album Tommy (1969) was an allegory of the journey
from spiritual darkness to God. The album Quadrophenia
(1973) set forth the same theme. Townshend said Baba is the
ocean of love, and he wanted to drown in that ocean. “Once
he [Townshend] described a frightening encounter with
demonic powers. While contemplating the Hindu ‘Om’ chant,
he entered a trance state that precipitated an out-of-body
experience. Townshend claims to have heard ‘the Niagaran
roar of a billion humans screaming,’ quite possibly a
revelation of hell’s tormented” (Larson’s Book of Rock, p. 191).
In spite of his faith in Baba, by 1980 Townshend’s life was a
mess. He was addicted to drugs and alcohol and had “all but
abandoned his family for the bottle, the nightlife, cocaine,
and freebase laced with heroin” (Rock Lives, p. 216). He was
over $1 million in debt. His marriage was failing. In 1981, he
suffered a near-fatal overdose and had to be rushed to the
hospital from a London club. He underwent electroacupuncture treatment for his drug abuse and alcoholism.
Townshend told the press that his 1980 song “Rough Boys”
was about homosexuality. He admitted that he had “had a gay
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life” and said, “I know how it feels to be a woman because I
am a woman” (Rolling Stone Encyclopedia, p. 1076).
Together with Eric Clapton and members of The Who,
Elton John starred in the movie version of the blasphemous
rock opera Tommy. Movie reviewer Anthony Hilder called
the opera “the most blatantly anti-Christian movie
malignancy ever made, at any time, anywhere, by any one. …
Everything is done to desecrate Christianity with all the
lauding language of Lucifer” (Hilder, cited by David Noebel,
The Legacy of John Lennon, p. 45). The opera featured the
worship of licentious movie actress Marilyn Monroe.
In the big hit “My Generation,” The Who sang, “Hope I die
before I get old,” and at least four people associated with The
Who have died young.
Pete Meaden, manager for The Who, died in 1978 of an
overdose of barbiturates. The death was ruled a suicide.
Meaden had tried to rename the group’s name to “the High
Numbers,” signifying the state they were in most of the time.
Keith Moon, drummer for The Who, died in 1978 at age 31
from an overdose of the sedative Heminevrin combined with
massive amounts of liquor. Moon, known as one of the wild
men of rock, was once paralyzed for days after ingesting an
elephant tranquilizer. He frequently abused drugs to the
point of blackout, and engaged in binge drinking contests
with other rock musicians. “The parties at his home in
Chelsea went on for days with gargantuan amounts of drugs
and alcohol consumed” (Rock Bottom, p. 182). Moon once
drove a Lincoln Continental into a swimming pool. He
destroyed hotel rooms, as noted already. Before his death, he
had become so strange and unpredictable that he was
checked into a hospital “for psychiatric evaluation.” On one
flight, he charged into the cockpit, drummed on the flight
engineer’s table, and attacked a stewardess. In 1976, Moon
drove his Rolls Royce over his chauffeur, Cornelius Boland,
and killed him.
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In 1981, The Who’s second manager, Kit Lambert, died
from a fall down a flight of stairs. Lambert “seemed to be able
to function only under the influence of uppers or
downers” (Waiting for the Man, p. 114). He was a chronic
alcoholic and heroin addict and had squandered most of his
wealth.
Jackie Wilson
Rhythm and Blues star Jackie Wilson’s (1934-1984)
performances were sensual and frantic. “Anyone who ever
saw him, either live or on television, will never forget the
image of Wilson, snazzy sharkskin pants rubbing against the
floor, his shirt open to his waist, his processed hair flying
about his head, and the crowds roaring with the frenzy of a
ritual sacrifice” (The Death of Rhythm & Blues, p. 78). The
fans sometimes ripped his clothes to shreds.
Jackie’s son was killed in 1970 during a burglary. His
daughter Sandra died in 1977 of a heart attack, and daughter
Jacqueline was shot to death during a drug-related drive-by
shooting. Jackie Wilson died in 1984 at age 49. Eight years
earlier, he suffered a heart attack during a concert and struck
his head, leaving him hospitalized in a comatose state.
Stevie Wonder
The blind rock star Stevie Wonder (b. 1950) began
producing hits in 1963 and remains very popular.
He married in 1971, but it lasted only a year. He then had
three children by two women outside of wedlock.
In 1985, he won an Oscar, which he dedicated to Nelson
Mandela, head of the brutally violent African National
Congress (ANC). The ANC was responsible for the horrible
“necklacing” of hundreds of black South Africans. Necklacing
was the practice of binding the hands and feet of an enemy,
putting a petrol-soaked tire around his or her neck, lighting it
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on fire, then watching the person die an unspeakably
agonizing death.
Stevie Wonder’s Inversions album contained the song
“Jesus C hi ldren of Amer ica” w hich st ate d t hat
“transcendental meditation gives you peace of mind.” In this
song he “blasphemes Jesus Christ and ridicules
Christianity” (The Rock Report, p. 91). The album cover
depicts Egyptian pyramids and the Hindu “third eye.”
Wonder’s album In Square Circle has a song titled “It’s Wrong
(Apartheid)” that promotes karma. The album Songs in the
Key of Life was released to correspond with his astrological
charts (Ibid.).
In an interview with a leader in the Hare Krishna
movement in 1982, George Harrison said, “Also Stevie
Wonder had you on one of his records, you know. And it was
great the song he put the chanting in ‘Pastimes
Paradise’” (Krishna web site, http://introduction.Krishna.org/
Articles/2000/08/00066.html).
Woodstock
The original three-day Woodstock rock festival was held in
1969 on Max Yasgur’s farm in New York State. It drew 50,000
people, but millions more “experienced” it through the
popular movie that quickly appeared in late 1969 or early
1970.
The director of the Woodstock film, Martin Scorsese, also
directed the blasphemous movie The Last Temptation of
Christ. Woodstock helped popularize the hippie movement of
the sixties and had a powerful influence upon American
soldiers in Vietnam. I first saw it in early 1970 while on my
first duty station in the U.S. Army. I had been in the military
about seven months and was working as a general’s driver at
the U.S. Army Record Center in St. Louis, Missouri. I saw the
movie just before I got my orders to go to Vietnam.
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The movie glorified drug abuse, illicit sex, cursing,
blasphemy against God, rock music, rebellion against
authority, pacifism, pagan religion, communism, idleness.
Many social critics have noted that Woodstock marked “a
massive shift in the consciousness of the nation,” and that is
certainly true. It represented a shift toward the one-world,
New Age relativism that will eventually usher in the
Antichrist.
The Woodstock festival was a drugged out orgy. A New
York Times poll found that 99% of the attendees were using
marijuana. The law officers looked the other way =.
Emergency medical personnel had to be brought in to help
care for the 5,000 medical cases.
While Woodstock rejected biblical Christianity, it opened
its arms to pagan religions. Tom Law instructed the crowds in
Kundalini yoga, and Swami Satchadinanda taught Hinduism.
“In the Woodstock movie, as well as in some photos
recently shown in the Life magazine, August 1989,
Woodstock memory issue, is a picture of an interesting
looking man holding a staff, of sorts, topped by a human
skull. From the staff hangs a sign that reads, ‘DON’T
EAT ANIMALS, LOVE THEM/ THE KILLING OF
ANIMALS CREATES THE KILLING OF MEN.’ The
man in the picture is Louis Moonfire. He is a warlock
(male witch). When Moonfire expressed his sentiments
about ‘loving’ animals, many people active in the fight
for animal rights would tend to applaud what appeared
on the surface to be such a caring and admirably
humane proclamation. But most people would never
have possibly imagined that when he said ‘love them’
what he actually was referring to was making love to
them! Allow me to clarify this a little further. In the
book entitled 20 Years of Rolling Stone is a reprint of an
article that had previously been written about the
Woodstock festival back in 1969. Here is a brief excerpt
from this article: ‘Moonfire, a warlock, preached to a
small crowd of people that had gathered under the stage
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for shelter. A tall man with red-brown hair and shining
eyes, barefoot and naked under his robes, he had
traveled to the festival with his LOVER a SHEEP … He
carefully explained how sheep were blessed with the
greatest capacity of love of all animals, how a sheep
could conceive by a man, though tragically, because of
some forgotten curse, the offspring was doomed to die
at birth’ (Jann Wenner, 20 Years of Rolling Stone, 1987, p.
50)” (Mark Spaulding, The Heartbeat of the Dragon, p.
181,82).
Frank Zappa
Frank Zappa, founder of the Mothers of Invention, was a
filthy-mouthed, blasphemous rocker who despised the
“moralizing” of the “religious right” and testified before a
congressional hearing against the efforts of some to police the
filthy rock music industry. He once said, “If you are opposed
to this music, you are like a sick dog that needs to be shot and
put out of its misery.” The ACLU called Zappa an “American
hero.”
The album Frank Zappa and the Mothers of Prevention
mocked the attempt by parents to force record companies to
label violent and immoral songs. The label on the album
stated: “The language and concepts contained herein are
guaranteed not to cause eternal torment in the place where
the guy with the horns and pointed stick conducts his
business. This guarantee is as real as the threats of the video
fundamentalists who use attacks on rock music in their
attempt to transform America into a nation of check-mailing
nincompoops (in the name of Jesus Christ). If there is a hell,
its fires wait for them, not us.”
In a 1986 debate with Evangelist Eric Barger (who spent 20
years in the rock music field before he was saved), Zappa
said, “There is no sound a human could make with the
mouth that would send him to broil in the lake of fire.” Barger
replied, “You are right. It is silence, not words, that send
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people there. The silence of lips that never confessed Jesus
Christ as Lord is the ticket to hell” (From Rock to Rock, p. 41).
Zappa called Barger “a lunatic” for finding fault with rock
music.
Zappa correctly identified the character of rock: “Rock
music is sex. The big beat matches the body’s
rhythms” (Frank Zappa, Life, June 28, 1968).
Miss Christine, a member of Frank Zappa’s 1960s group
GTO’s (Girls Together Outrageously), died in 1972 at age 22
of an overdose of prescription painkillers.
Miss Lucy, another member of the GTO’s, died in 1993 of
AIDS.
Frank Zappa died in 1993 at age 53 of prostate cancer.
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The Character of Rock & Roll
The following statements about the character of rock music
are from a wide range of people. Most are from rock stars and
secular rock researchers and historians, who are not naive
about the nature of rock as many Christians are and who do
not have an agenda to whitewash rock as many Christians do.
Rock & Roll Is a Lifestyle
Rock and roll is not just music; it is a lifestyle, an attitude.
The book Rock Facts, which is published by the Rock and
Roll Hall of Fame and Museum in Cleveland, Ohio, admits
that rock is not just a type of music, IT IS A LIFESTYLE. “…
rock and roll has truly become a universal language … rock
and roll also refers to an attitude, a feeling, a style, a way of
life…” (Rock Facts, 1996, p. 7).
“What made rockabilly [Elvis Presley, Bill Haley, etc.] such
a drastically new music was its spirit, a thing that bordered
on mania. Elvis’s ‘Good Rockin’ Tonight’ was not merely a
party song, but an invitation to a holocaust. … Rockabilly
was the face of Dionysus, full of febrile sexuality and
senselessness; it flushed the skin of new housewives and
made pink teenage boys reinvent themselves as flaming
creatures” (Nick Tosches, Country: The Twisted Roots of Rock
‘n’ Roll, p. 58).
“…the New Left sprang ... from Elvis’ gyrating pelvis....
Elvis Presley ripped off Ike Eisenhower by turning our
uptight young awakening bodies around. Hard animal rock
energy beat/surged hot through us, the driving rhythm
arousing repressed passions. Music to free the spirit.... Elvis
told us to let go!” (Jerry Reuben, Do It!).
“Elvis Presley was one of the few people in our lifetime
who changed things. You hear Mantovani in every elevator,
but so what? Elvis changed our hairstyles, dress styles, our
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attitudes toward sex, all the musical taste” (David Brinkley,
NBC News, cited by Larry Nager, Memphis Beat, p. 216).
“If you think rockabilly is just music, you’re wrong.
Rockabilly’s always been an attitude” (Billy Poore, RockABilly:
A Forty-Year Journey, p. 113).
“We live in a Christian society concerned with order: rock
’n’ roll was always concerned with disorder. Punk rock
promoted blatantly the word chaos. Cash from Chaos” (Jon
Savage, Time Travel: Pop, Media and Sexuality 1976–96,
London: Chatto & Windus, 1996, p. 151).
Rock Music and Rebellion
Rock and roll is about rebellion and living as you please.
“I’m free to do what I want any old time” (“I’m Free,”
Rolling Stones, 1965).
“It’s my life and I’ll do what I want/ It’s my mind, and I’ll
think what I want” (“Its My Life,” popularized by The
Animals, 1965)
“You got to go where you want to go/ do what you want to
do” (“Go Where You Wanna Go,” Mamas and Papas, 1966).
“It’s your thing/ do what you want to do” (“It’s Your Thing,”
Isley Brothers, 1969)
“We don’t need no thought control” (Pink Floyd, “Another
Brick in the Wall,” 1979).
“This is a story about control. My control. Control of what,
I say? Control of what I do, and this time I’m gonna do it my
way. … got my own mind. I want to make my own decision;
when it has to do with my life, I want to be the one in
control…” (Janet Jackson, “Control,” 1986).
“You gotta right for your right to party” (“You Gotta Fight,”
The Beastie Boys, 1986).
“Nothing’s forbidden and nothing’s taboo when two are in
love” (Prince, “When Two Are in Love,” 1988).
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“... the only rules you should live by [are] rules made up by
you” (Pennywise, “Rules,” 1991).
“So what we get drunk/ So what we don’t sleep (smoke
weed)/ we’re just having fun/ We don’t care who sees/ So
what we go out/ That’s how its supposed to be/ Living young
and wild and free” (”Young, Wild and Free” by Snoop Dog
and Wiz Khalifa, 2011).
“We can do what we want; we can live as we choose. See
there’s no guarantee; we’ve got nothing to lose” (Paul
McCartney, “New,” 2013).
“The whole Beatles idea was to do what you want … do
what thou wilst, as long as it doesn’t hurt somebody” (John
Lennon, cited by David Sheff, The Playboy Interviews with
John Lennon and Yoko Ono, p. 61).
“... the whole idea of rock 'n' roll is to offend your
parents” (Rock drummer King Coffey, The Truth about Rock,
p. 30).
“… rock ‘n’ roll is more than just music--it is the energy
center of a new culture and youth revolution” (advertisement
for Rolling Stone magazine).
“In a sense all rock is revolutionary. By its very beat and
sound it has always implicitly rejected restraints and has
celebrated freedom and sexuality” (Time magazine, Jan. 3,
1969).
“Rock 'n' roll is a beast. Well-intentioned people thought
you could pick it up and cuddle it. They forgot it had claws of
the bands--The Slits, The Damned, Bad Manners, The
Vibrators, The Stranglers and Meat Loaf. ... I know, because I
was one of them. Behind every sweet doowop and bebop is
an unfettered sexuality and sympathy for the devil: a violently
anarchic--in the face of all harmony, peace and progress.
People could see that when it first happened and it hasn’t
changed. Anybody with a penn’orthy of grey matter could see
it was trouble” (Ray Gosling, BBC Radio 4 program
“Crooning Buffoons,” The Listener, Feb. 11, 1982).
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“Rock 'n' roll, if not actually inventing the teenager, split
the pop followers into the under twenties and the rest” (Bob
Dawbarn, Melody Maker, Feb. 10, 1968).
“Rock music has widened the inevitable and normal gap
between generations, turned it from something healthy--and
absolutely necessary to forward movement--into something
negative, destructive, nihilistic” (George Lees, music critic,
High Fidelity, February 1970).
“The [rock] medium is so anti-Christian in its ethos-libertarian, anti-authoritarian, equating infatuation and
sexual attraction with love, and on the drug-culture fringe-that when Christians assume that ethos to communicate the
message of self-denial, cross-bearing and following Christ
then it utterly mangles the message” (Colin Chapman,
“Modern Music and Evangelism,” Background to the Task,
Evangelical Alliance Commission on Evangelism, 1968).
“Although the music has changed over the years, the
rebellious urges that created it remain the same. ... I was
reminded once more of the basic appeal of rock and roll--its
irreverent, nose-thumbing quality” (Ellen Willis, TV Guide,
January 1979, p. 15).
“Most of it [rock music] is used as a vehicle for antiChristian propaganda” (Graham Cray, appendix to J. & M.
Prince, Time to Listen, Time to Talk, cited in Pop Goes the
Gospel, p. 86).
“Rock music has got the same message as before. It is antireligious, anti-nationalistic and anti-morality. But now I
understand what you have to do. You have to put the message
across with a little honey on it” (John Lennon, spoken not
long before his death in 1980, Pop Goes the Gospel, p. 84).
“Rock and roll is simply an attitude” (Johnny Thunders,
cited in Rock Facts, Rock & Roll Hall of Fame and Museum,
p. 14).
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“The [hippie] counterculture is the world’s first amplified
music” (Timothy Tyler, “Out of Tune and Lost in the
Counterculture,” Time, Feb. 22, 1971, pp. 15-16).
“There’s no way to grasp the subversive force of this nowinnocent-sounding music unless you can feel a little of what
it meant to be a kid hearing it as it was played for the first
time. ... It was taboo-shattering music ... It hit you where you
lived. It belonged to the kids and only the kids. It set them
apart. Rock ‘n’ roll was their joy. It was their
freedom” (Michael Ventura, cited by Richard Powers, The Life
of a 1950s Teenager).
“Rock concerts are the churches of today. Music puts them
on a spiritual plane. All music is God” (Craig Chaquico,
Jefferson Airplane guitarist, Why Knock Rock?, p. 96).
“A new music emerged, again completely nonintellectual,
with a thumping rhythm and shouting voices, each line and
each beat full of the angry insult to all western [Christian]
values … their protest is in their music itself as well as in the
words, for anyone who thinks that this is all cheap and no
more than entertainment has never used his ears” (H.R.
Rookmaaker, Modern Art and the Death of a Culture, pp. 188,
189, 190; Rookmaaker was a Dutch professor of art, music,
philosophy, and religion; he was the founder of the art history
department at the Free University in Amsterdam).
“Rock music is evil because it is to music what Dada and
surrealism are to art--atheistic, chaotic, nihilistic” (David
Noebel, The Legacy of John Lennon, p. 42).
“‘Rock and roll,’ itself a blues music term for sex, suggested
rebellion and abandon as much as it did a new style of music
when it first jarred adult sensibilities in the 1950s. ‘When
you’re growing up,’ says Jerry Kramer, a prominent director
of music videos, ‘you like rock and roll for one reason:
Because your parents don’t’” (“What entertainers are doing to
your kids,” U.S. News & World Report, October 28, 1985, page
47).
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“Rock radicalized teenagers, because it estranges them
from the traditional virtues which they no longer see as
relevant” (Martin Perlich, The Cleveland Press, July 25, 1969,
p. 1N).
“Why do young people go to these rock shows? Because it’s
their idol; it’s their god, in other words. They love rock and
roll” (Chick Huntsberry, former bouncer, The Truth about
Rock, p. 60).
“Rock music has always held seeds of the forbidden. …
Rock and Roll has long been an adversary to many of the
basic tenets of Christianity” (Michael Moynihan, Lord’s of
Chaos, p. x).
We’ve combined youth, music, sex, drugs, and rebellion with
treason, and that’s a combination hard to beat” (Jerry Rubin,
Do It!, 1970, pp. 19, 249).
“The preachers and moral guardians who in rock’s infancy
warned us of the evils of the music weren’t that far off base.
Rock--at least as practiced by The Who and a few others--is
defiant, it is antisocial, it is revolutionary … Anarchy, that’s
what The Who is all about” (Robert W. Butler, Kansas City
Times, Aug. 24, 1979, p. 6C).
“Violence and rebellion have been shaking their fists at the
world through rock music since its inception. Though
rebellion, in one form or another, is present in the lives of
many of today’s youth, constant meditation on anger and
alienation, through listening repeatedly to rock music,
magnifies and distorts those feelings” (Why Knock Rock?, p.
65).
“The main purpose of rock and roll is celebration of the
self ” (Daryl Hall of Hall and Oates, interview with Timothy
White, 1987, Rock Lives, p. 594).
“There is actually very little melody, little sense in the
lyrics, only rhythm [in rock music]. The fact that music can
both excite and incite has been known from time
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immemorial. … Now in our popular music, at least, we seem
to be reverting to savagery … and youngsters who listen
constantly to this sort of sound are thrust into turmoil. They
are no longer relaxed, normal kids” (Dimitri Tiomkin, Los
Angeles Herald-Examiner, Aug. 8, 1965; Dr. Tiomkin is a
famous composer and conductor).
“The great strength of rock ‘n’ roll lies in its beat … it is a
music which is basically sexual, un-Puritan … and a threat to
established patterns and values” (Irwin Silber, Marxist, Sing
Out, May 1965, p. 63).
“Rock and roll challenged the dominant norms and values
with a genuinely Dionysian fervor. Compared to an ancient
Dionysian revel--trances, seizures, devotees tearing sacrificial
animals to pieces with their bare hands and eating the meat
raw--a rock and roll performance is almost tame. … We must
never forget our glorious Dionysian heritage” (Rock & Roll an
Unruly History, pp. 150, 155).
whatever they wanted to do, even if it meant breaking the
rules. … From Buddy the burgeoning youth culture received
rock’s message of freedom, which presaged the dawn of a
decade of seismic change and liberation. … Buddy Holly left
the United States for the first time in 1958, carrying rock ‘n’
roll--the music as well as its highly subversive message of
freedom--to the world at large. … laying the groundwork for
the social and political upheavals rock ‘n’ roll was
instrumental in fomenting in the following decade” (Ellis
Amburn, Buddy Holly, pp. 4, 6, 131).
and knock out the door.’”
Gene Simmons of Kiss said: “What I write is pretty much a
belief in a certain lifestyle which is a free soul, a free person,
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doing basically what he wants to do without hurting anybody
else” (WCCO-TV, Five P.M. Report, Feb. 18, 1983).
“Rock & roll is about striking out independently, not
caring about your parents’ disapproval” (Pop Machine,
quoted in “Metallica? OK, but we still don’t like the Rock and
Roll Hall of Fame,” Chicago Tribune, Sept. 23, 2008).
Rock Music and Sex
“If any music has been guilty by association, it is rock
music. It would be impossible to make a complete list, but
here are a few of the ‘associates’ of rock: drug addicts,
revolutionaries, rioters, Satan worshippers, drop-outs, draftdodgers, homosexuals and other sex deviates, rebels, juvenile
criminals, Black Panthers and White Panthers, motorcycle
gangs, blasphemers, suicides, heathenism, voodooism,
phallixism, Communism in the United States (Communist
Russian outlawed rock music around 1960), paganism,
lesbianism, immorality, demonology, promiscuity, free love,
free sex, disobedience (civil and uncivil), sodomy, venereal
disease, discotheques, brothels, orgies of all kinds, night
clubs, dives, strip joints, filthy musicals such as ‘Hair’ and
‘Uncle Meat’; and on and on the list could go almost
indefinitely” (Frank Garlock, The Big Beat, pp. 12-13).
“For white Memphis, the forbidden pleasures of Beale
Street had always come wrapped in the pulsing rhythms of
the blues. … Elvis’s [rock & roll] offered those pleasures long
familiar to Memphians to a new audience” (Larry Nager,
“The main ingredients in rock are … sex and sass” (Debra
Harry of Blondie, Hit Parader, Sept. 1979, p. 31).
“Rock is the total celebration of the physical” (Ted Nugent,
rock star, Rolling Stone, Aug. 25, 1977, pp. 11-13).
“Rock ‘n’ roll is 99% sex” (John Oates of the rock duo Hall
& Oates, Circus, Jan. 31, 1976).
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“Rock music is sex. The big beat matches the body’s
rhythms” (Frank Zappa of the Mothers of Invention, Life,
June 28, 1968).
“That’s what rock is all about--sex with a 100 megaton
bomb, the beat!” (Gene Simmons of the rock group Kiss,
interview, Entertainment Tonight, ABC, Dec. 10, 1987).
“Everyone takes it for granted that rock and roll is
synonymous with sex” (Chris Stein, rock manager, People,
May 21, 1979).
“Pop music revolves around sexuality. I believe that if there
is anarchy, let’s make it sexual anarchy rather than
political” (Adam Ant, From Rock to Rock, p. 93).
“Rock ‘n’ roll is sex. Real rock ‘n’ roll isn’t based on cerebral
thoughts. It’s based on one’s lower nature” (Paul Stanley of
KISS, cited from The Role of Rock, p. 44).
“Rock music is sex and you have to hit them [teenagers] in
the face with it” (Andrew Oldham, manager of the Rolling
Stones, Time, April 28, 1967, p. 54).
“Rock ‘n’ roll is all sex. One hundred percent sex” (Debbie
Harry of the rock band Blondie, cited by Carl Belz,
“Television Shows and Rock Music,” as it appeared in The Age
of Communication, William Lutz, Goodyear Publishing
Company, 1974, p. 398).
“At the very least, rock is turning sex into something
casual” (James Connor, Newsweek, May 6, 1985).
“The throbbing beat of rock-and-roll provides a vital
sexual release for its adolescent audience” (Jan Berry of Jan
and Dean, cited by Blanchard, Pop Goes the Gospel).
“Rock ’n’ roll is synonymous with sex and you can’t take
that away from it. It just doesn’t work” (Steven Tyler,
Entertainment Tonight, ABC, Dec. 10, 1987).
“... rock music has one appeal only, a barbaric appeal to
sexual desire—not love, not eros, but sexual desire
undeveloped and untutored. Rock gives children, on a silver
platter, with all the public authority of the entertainment
355
industry, everything their parents always used to tell them
they had to wait for until they grew up and would understand
later” (Allan Bloom, The Closing of the American Mind, New
York: Simon and Schuster, 1987, p. 73).
“Sex is really an exciting part of rock and roll. When I
dance onstage, I dance to turn people on. When I’m dancing,
I turn myself on as well. Dancing is a sexual thing to do, you
know” (Adam Ant, Rock Fever, May 1984, p. 13).
“When you’re in a certain frame of mind, particularly
sexually-oriented, there’s nothing better than rock and roll …
because that’s where most of the performers are
at” (Aerosmith’s manager, USA Today, Dec. 22, 1983, p. D5).
“Living on the brink of disaster at all times is what Rock ‘n
Roll is all about” (Kevin Cronin, REO Speedwagon,
Newsweek, Dec. 20, 1976).
“Rock is the perfect primal method of releasing our violent
instincts” (Ted Nugent, rock star, Circus, May 13, 1976).
“‘Rock and roll,’ itself a blues music term for sex, suggested
rebellion and abandon as much as it did a new style of music
when it first jarred adult sensibilities in the 1950s. ‘When
you’re growing up,’ says Jerry Kramer, a prominent director
of music videos, ‘you like rock and roll for one reason:
Because your parents don’t’” (“What entertainers are doing to
your kids,” U.S. News & World Report, October 28, 1985, page
47).
“After ten years of bland, brilliant music, we were back to
what Rock ‘n’ Roll should be--nasty, crude, rebellious people’s
music” (Tom Robinson, punk rocker, Dictionary of American
Pop/Rock, p. 294).
“Rock and roll is the darkness that enshrouds secret desires
unfulfilled, and the appetite that shoves you forward to
disrobe them” (Timothy White, Rock Lives, p. xvi).
“Rock and roll aims for liberation and transcendence,
eroticizing the spiritual and spiritualizing the erotic, because
356
that is its ecumenical birthright” (Robert Palmer, Rock & Roll
an Unruly History, p. 72).
“There is a great deal of powerful, albeit subliminal, sexual
stimulation implicit in both the rhythm and [the] lyrics of
rock music” (Dr. David Elkind, chairman of the EliotPearson Department of Child Study at Tufts University in
Massachusetts, The Hurried Child, Reading, Mass.: Addison
Wesley Publishing Co., 1981, p. 89).
rock experience is essentially erotic” (Simon Frith, Sound
Effects, New York: Pantheon Books, 1981, p. 164).
“Listen, rock ‘n’ roll ain’t church. It’s nasty business. You
gotta be nasty too. If you’re goody, goody, you can’t sing or
play it...” (Lita Ford of heavy metal group The Runaways, Los
Angeles Times, August 7, 1988).
“Rock ‘n’ roll is pagan and primitive, and very jungle, and
that’s how it should be! The moment it stops being those
things, it’s dead … the true meaning of rock … is sex,
subversion and style” (Malcolm McLaren, punk rock
manager, Rock, August 1983, p. 60).
“The best rock & roll music encapsulates a certain high
energy--an angriness--whether on record or onstage. That is,
rock & roll is only rock & roll if it’s not safe. … Violence and
energy--and that’s really what rock & roll’s all about” (Mick
Jagger, as told to Mikal Gilmore, Night Beat, p. 87).
“The present rock ‘n’ roll scene, Lennon’s legacy, is one
giant, multi-media portrait of degradation--a sleezy world of
immorality, venereal disease, anarchy, nihilism, cocaine,
heroin, marijuana, death, Satanism, perversion, and
orgies” (David Noebel, The Legacy of John Lennon, 1982, p.
15).
“The themes of rock 'n' roll include rebellion,
homosexuality, satanism, the occult, drugs, murder, suicide,
incest, vulgarity, sadomasochism, anti-patriotism and above
357
all, free sex” (Fletcher Brothers, Rock Report, Lancaster:
Starburst Publishing, 1987).
“Its admirers want to make rock appealing by making it
respectable. The thing can’t be done. Rock is appealing
because it’s vulgar ... Rock is the quintessence of vulgarity. It’s
crude, loud, and tasteless” (Robert Pattison, The Triumph of
Vulgarity, 1987, preface, p. 4).
“Rock music involves a neurophysiological conditioning in
connotation or felt meaning, linking aggression and sexuality.
Aggression linked with sexuality. ... Our basic claim is that
the rock music itself induces a behavioral link between
aggression and sexuality” (Drs. Daniel and Bernadette
Skubik, The Neurophysiology of Rhythm).
“At base and at its best, rock 'n' roll is a celebration of
human sensuality” (Gail Pellert, Christian Rock, New York:
Gannett, 1985, p. 23).
another … free minds … free dope … free bodies … free
music” (Paul Kantner of the Jefferson Airplane, cited by Ben
Fong-Torres, “Grace Slick with Paul Kantner,” The Rolling
Stone Interviews, 1971, p. 447).
“Rock and roll was something that’s hardcore, rough and
wild and sweaty and wet and just loose” (Patti Labelle, cited
in Rock Facts, Rock & Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, p. 17).
“Sex, violence, rebellion—it’s all part of rock ‘n’ roll” (John
Mellencamp, Larson’s Book of Rock, p. 170).
“Rock 'n roll doesn't glorify God. You can't drink out of
God's cup and the devil's cup at the same time. I was one of
the pioneers of that music, one of the builders. I know what
the blocks are made of because I built them” (Little Richard,
The Dallas Morning News, Oct. 29, 1978, p. 14A).
“[The Rolling Stones] are raw, sloppy, savage, oppressively
intense, base, bolsh, scurvy, mean, mesmerizing, cold,
p er vers e, raunchy, decadent, and s elf-indulgent
revolutionaries. ... their music is rugged, sinewy,
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insinuating ... it reflects their way of living” (Michael Ross,
Rock Beyond Woodstock, p. 13).
“Rock is visceral. It does disturbing things to your body. In
spite of yourself, you find your body tingling, moving with
the music. ... To get into rock, you have to give in to it, let it
inside, flow with it, to the point where it consumes you, and
all you can feel or hear or think about is the music. ... Such
open sensuality” (Tom McSloy, rock music performer, “Music
to Jangle Your Insides,” National Review, June 30, 1970, p.
681).
“Rock and roll is fun, it’s full of energy, it’s full of laughter.
It’s naughty” (Tina Turner, cited in Rock Facts, Rock & Roll
Hall of Fame and Museum, p. 12).
“Mystery and mischief are the two most important
ingredients in rock and roll” (Bono, cited in Rock Facts, Rock
& Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, p. 12).
Rock Music’s Addictiveness
“Rock music is an ideal vehicle for individual or mass
hypnosis” (Andrew Salter, Pop Goes the Gospel, p. 20).
“Rock music in particular has been demonstrated to be
both powerful and addictive, as well as capable of producing
a subtle form of hypnosis in which the subject, though not
completely under trance, is still in a highly suggestive
state” (John Fuller, Are the Kids All Right?, New York: Times
Books, 1981).
“Pop music is the mass medium for conditioning the way
people think” (Graham Nash of Crosby Stills & Nash, Hit
Parader Yearbook, No. 6, 1967).
“What is undeniable about rock is its hypnotic power. It
has gripped millions of young people around the world and
transformed their lives” (William Schafer, Rock Music,
Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1972, p. 79).
the music is a spiritual thing of its own ... you hypnotize
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people to where they go right back to their natural state
which is pure positive the subconscious what we want to
say ... People want release any kind of way nowadays. The
idea is to release in the proper form. Then they’ll feel like
going into another world, a clearer world. The music flows
from the air; that’s why I connect with a spirit, and when they
come down off this natural high, they see clearer, feel
different things...” (Jimmy Hendrix, rock star, Life, Oct. 3,
1969, p. 74).
“An incessant beat does erode a sense of responsibility in
much the same way as alcohol does. ... You feel in the grip of
a relentless stream of sound to which something very basic
and primitive in the human nature responds” (David Winter,
New Singer, New Song).
“Heavy rock is body music designed to bypass your brain
and with an unrelenting brutality induce a frenzied state
amongst the audience” (Dave Roberts, Buzz columnist,
Christian rock magazine in Britain, April 1982).
“Music is the most powerful medium in the world” (Tori
Amos, George, April/May 1996).
“Don’t listen to the words, it’s the music that has its own
message. ... I’ve been stoned on the music many
times” (Timothy Leary, New Age guru and promoter of LSD,
Politics of Ecstasy).
“[Rock music] is the strongest drug in the world” (Steven
Tyler of Aerosmith, Rock Beat, Spring 1987, p. 23).
“Music works in mysterious ways. Once it goes in [the ear]
you really have no say about what it does to you” (Keith
Richards of the Rolling Stones, “Music Quotes,” Cynthia
Radio).
“Rock ‘n’ roll is like a drug. When you’re singing and
playing rock ‘n’ roll, you’re on the leading edge of yourself.
You’re tryin’ to vibrate, tryin’ to make something happen. It’s
like there’s somethin’ alive and exposed” (Neil Young, cited by
Mickey Hart, Spirit into Sound).
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Janis Joplin, who died young from the rock & roll lifestyle,
describes her first big concert in these words: “I couldn’t
believe it, all that rhythm and power. I got stoned just feeling
it, like IT WAS THE BEST DOPE IN THE WORLD. It was
SO SENSUAL, so vibrant, loud, crazy” (Joel Dreyfuss, “Janis
Joplin Followed the Script,” Wichita Eagle, Oct. 6, 1970, p.
7A).
Rock Music as Religion
It is not surprising that rock & roll has been adapted for
contemporary worship because it has the power that
contemporary worshippers are looking for, the power to
create strong emotional experiences, the power literally to
take control of you and to carry you into new realms.
Rock & rollers have long described their music in glowing
spiritual and religious terms, but the religious fervor that is
described in the following quotes is not that pertaining to the
Spirit of God, it is that pertaining to the “god of this world”
who masquerades as an angel of light.
“In whom the god of this world hath blinded the minds
of them which believe not, lest the light of the glorious
gospel of Christ, who is the image of God, should shine
unto them” (2 Corinthians 4:4).
“And no marvel; for Satan himself is transformed into
an angel of light” (2 Corinthians 11:14).
Rock & roll (in its broadest sense, which encompasses all
forms of secular pop music featuring the back beat) is one of
the chief gods and idols of the modern world. To think that
God would be pleased with the Christianizing of rock & roll
is to think that He would be pleased with the Christianizing
of Hindu idols.
“Little children, keep yourselves from idols” (1 John
5:21).
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“Rock concerts are the churches of today. Music puts them
on a spiritual plane. All music is God” (Craig Chaquico,
Jefferson Airplane guitarist, Why Knock Rock?, p. 96).
“Ro ck music is more than music, IT ’S LIKE
CHURCH” (Jimi Hendrix, The Dick Cavett Show, July 21,
1969).
“We’re making the music into ELECTRIC CHURCH
MUSIC, A NEW KIND OF BIBLE you can carry in your
hearts” (Jimi Hendrix, quoted in Crosstown Traffic by
Charles Murray, p. 161).
“... THE MUSIC IS A SPIRITUAL THING of its own” (Jimi
Hendrix, interview with Robin Richman “An Infinity of
Jimis,” Life magazine, Oct. 3, 1969).
Jimi Hendrix said: "I used to go to Sunday School BUT
THE ONLY THING I BELIEVE IN NOW IS MUSIC" (Curtis
Knight, Jimi).
Paul Stanley, guitarist for KISS, said he turns into “a holy
roller preacher” during concerts. “I’m testifying and getting
everybody riled up for the power of almighty rock ‘n’
roll” (Guitar Player, November 1974).
Bruce Springsteen used to open his concerts with these
words: “WELCOME TO THE FIRST CHURCH OF THE
ROCK, BROTHERS AND SISTERS” and has stated that he
was dead until rock and roll changed his life. In response to a
screaming crowd he hollers, “Do you believe that if you die
during the course of this show, due to excitement, that you’re
going to heaven?” (The Rock Report, p. 82). USA Today
observed: “Displaying an awesome musical chemistry,
Springsteen and his E Streeters at times turned the
Meadowlands’ Continental Airlines Arena [in East
Rutherford, New Jersey] into a raucous revival tent, playing
off themes of redemption, salvation and resurrection via rock
‘n’ roll throughout the nearly three-hour show. … Typical of
the pacing was the roof-raising Light of Day, which saw the
Rev. Springsteen roaringly promise his flock ‘the power, the
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majesty and the ministry of rock ‘n’ roll…” (USA Today, July
19, 1999, p. 9D).
On the 25th anniversary of Elvis Presley’s death
Springsteen said: “ELVIS IS MY RELIGION. But for him, I’d
be selling encyclopedias right now.”
“For many participants, ELVIS WEEK HAS OBVIOUSLY
BECOME A QUASI-RELIGIOUS OCCASION. The
Meditation Garden is an American Lourdes, a place where
miracles sometimes happen. Every year on August 15, the
sick and the lame hobble up the hill, full of hope. As every
one of the faithful well knows, on the first anniversary of
Presley’s death, a fan aimed his camera skyward and
photographed a cumulus cloud forming a familiar profile,
right down to the famous pompadour. Elvis is watching over
them. Addressing co-religionists in a letter printed in an Elvis
fan club publication, an enthusiast from Belgium put it this
way: “Dear friends, our LOVE and RESPECT for Elvis are
unlimited … Let’s continue to work hard for him, because his
LIGHT on our world today is the guarantee to give HOPE
and PEACE for the next generations. … We believe in Elvis
just like we believe in God … and I’m sure that we are on the
right way” (James Miller, Flowers in the Dustbin, p. 345).
Robbie Kreiger, guitarist for The Doors, said the band
members were “revivalists and WANTED OUR AUDIENCE
TO UNDERGO A RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE” (Break on
Through--the Life and Death of Jim Morrison, p. 190).
Remembering Bob Marley’s rock concerts, Judy Mowatt,
one of his backup singers said: “It was a crusade, it was a
mission. We were like sentinels, like lights. ON TOUR THE
SHOWS WERE LIKE CHURCH; Bob delivering the sermon.
There were mixed emotions in the audience: you see people
literally crying, people in a frenzy, on a spiritual high ... These
concerts were powerful and highly spiritual. There was a
power that pulled you there. It was a clean feeling ... For
months and maybe years it stays with you” (Sean Dolan, Bob
Marley, p. 95).
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Grateful Dead concerts have been described as “A PLACE
TO WORSHIP.” “The band was the high priest, the audience
the congregation, the songs the liturgy, and the dancing the
prayer” (Gary Greenberg, Not Fade Away: the Online World
Remembers Jerry Garcia, p. 42). “The Grateful Dead embody
not only the cultic potentials historically inherent in rock ‘n’
roll, but the entire submerged linkage between rock and
religion. … the Dead’s legendary live concerts bear uncanny
resemblance to religious festivals…” (Stairway to Heaven, p.
196). In interviews with David Gans (Playing in the Band),
Grateful Dead band members admitted that THEY LOOKED
UPON THEIR MUSIC AS SOMETHING LIKE RELIGION.
Lesh said, “WE USED TO SAY THAT EVERY PLACE WE
PLAYED WAS CHURCH.” Garcia added, “… on a certain
level it’s a religion to me, too.”
Before he died, Muddy Waters admitted that the BLUES
WAS HIS RELIGION (James Rooney, Bossmen: Bill Monroe
and Muddy Waters, p. 137).
“I LOOK AT ROCK LIKE A RELIGION” (Blackie Lawless
of W.A.S.P., Faces, Feb. 1985, p. 53).
A music reviewer described a Backstreet Boys concert as
“worship” (Express Writer, August 16, 1998).
Jim Morrison of The Doors said, “I FEEL SPIRITUAL UP
THERE PERFORMING” (Newsweek, Nov. 6, 1967, p. 101).
As late as the early 1990s, Morrison’s gravesite was the third
most popular visitor destination in Paris, France. In July
1991, on the 20th anniversary of Morrison’s death, nearly
1,000 fans gathered outside the gates of the cemetery.
“As a self appointed messiah, I view music as far more than
just entertainment” (John Denver, cited in The Rock Report, p.
10).
“Now Billy Squier is taking the gospel to America and
Europe, PREACHING HIS OWN ROCK SERMONS in soldout concerts” (Circus magazine, cited in The Rock Report, p.
10).
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Judas Priest had an album called “Defenders of the Faith,”
and when asked about its meaning they replied, “We’re
defending the faith of heavy metal music” (The Rock Report,
p. 10). They said: “Heavy metal isn’t just music to us. It’s a
philosophy and a way of life” (Judas Priest, Hit Parader, July
1984).
In his song “You Can’t Kill Rock & Roll,” Ozzy Osbourne
sang, “... ROCK 'N' ROLL IS MY RELIGION AND MY LAW/
Won’t ever change.”
“MUSIC IS MY RELIGION” (Brian Jones of the Rolling
Stones, cited by Stanley Booth, Dance with the Devil, p. 109).
“On many an occasion WHEN I AM DANCING, I HAVE
FELT TOUCHED BY SOMETHING SACRED. In those
moments, I felt my spirit soar, and become one with
everything that exists” (Michael Jackson, cited by Steve
Turner, Hungry for Heaven, p. 12).
“Through the music you reach the spiritual. MUSIC IS
VERY INVOLVED WITH THE SPIRITUAL, as we know
from the Hare Krishna mantra” (George Harrison, cited by
Steve Turner, Hungry for Heaven, p. 71).
Brian Eno says that WHEN HE DISCOVERED ROCK
AND ROLL, IT WAS “A SPIRITUAL EXPERIENCE” to him
and IT OCCUPIED THE RELIGIOUS PART OF HIS LIFE
(Turner, Hungry for Heaven, p. 150).
Dr. Paul King, medical director of the adolescent unit at
Charter Lakeside Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee, was told
by drug addicted teens that he had to understand their music
if he wanted to understand their world. “He conducted a
study of 470 adolescent patients and found that 60 percent of
them designated heavy metal music as their musical choice.
They said the music was a very important influence in their
lives. In fact, IT WAS THEIR NEW RELIGION” (Terry
Watkins, The Truth about Rock, p. 35).
Sting of the group Police said, “The pure essence of music
is very spiritual” (Musician, Feb. 1987, p. 41). He says: “MY
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RELIGION WOULD BE MUSIC, AND I HAD JUST
RECEIVED MY FIRST SACRAMENT [WHEN HE FIRST
HEARD THE BEATLES AT AGE 11]” (USA Today, Jan. 27,
1984, p. 2D).
“In spiritual terms MUSIC IS A MAGICAL OPERATION,
A VEHICLE FOR MAN TO COMMUNICATE WITH THE
GODS. Depending on whom the celebrants invoke, this can
mean soaring to heaven on the voices of angels or raising
beasts from the pits of hell” (Michael Moynihan, Lords of
Chaos: The Bloody Rise of the Satanic Metal Underground, p.
1).
“Hip hop shows were LIKE CHURCH FOR ME WAY
MORE THAN ACTUAL CHURCH WAS. A lot of lessons I
learned were from my personal interpretations of the songs I
would listen to. I felt like God was speaking to me through
these people's thoughts and words” (Darlina, HipHop fan,
commenting on “The Metaphysics of HipHop,” Sept. 1, 2006,
http://rapyoudohiphopyoulive.tribe.net/thread/88ad663fb18d-46ea-aed2-c693f961b5f6).
“Dancing at raves may be construed as the method by
which ravers worship the god of altered
consciousness” (Russell Newcombe, The Guardian, Jul. 22,
1995).
“Andrew WK truly helped me let go. HIS SHOWS WERE
LIKE CHURCH SERVICES, I felt rejuvinized, and for weeks
following them I was happier and made people around me
happier (which in turn made me feel even better)” (Andrew
WK Paradigm Shift, http://www.dontstopthenoise.com/
josh.html).
“Their [Far’s] live shows were like church (without all that
religion). They inspired a lot of kids my age” (http://
www.amazon.com/Water-Solutions-Far/dp/customerreviews/B0000062H7).
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“Rock My Religion” is a black and white documentary by
Dan Graham that describes the nature of rock & roll as
religion to multitudes of people.
Many rock fans exhibit devotion that has a religious
intensity. Consider the following testimony which speaks for
many others that could be given: “I’m obsessed. I’d do
anything for her. . . I LIVE FOR BRITNEY SPEARS, you
don’t understand. I live for Britney Spears. I live for her. . .
Like my life wouldn’t be complete without her” (unidentified
fan interviewed on ET, July 10, 1999).
A fan of the Backstreet Boys said, “I love Nick! For Nick,
I’ll die. If God says, ‘Die and let Nick live,’ I’ll do that” (“Boy
Wonders,” People magazine, Sept. 14, 1998).
The memorial to John Lennon in Central Park, across the
street from the Dakota building where he was murdered, has
religious overtones. A steady stream of fans place flowers and
other offerings on the monument, which is inscribed with the
title of his song “Imagine.” The 20th anniversary of Lennon’s
death in December 8, 2000, was observed in many parts of
the world in ways that had religious overtones. Events
included candlelight vigils by Lennon fans, the lighting of
large “peace flames,” and the 24-hour playing of Beatle
records by radio stations.
Sadly, it is not only the secular world that worships rock
musicians. Popular evangelical speaker Josh McDowell made
the following amazing statement: “Thank God for Steve
Camp. The body of Christ is enriched because we have his
heart and his music. My oldest daughter thinks he hung the
moon” (CCM magazine, August 1991, p. 15). Someone might
argue that McDowell was just talking off the cuff and didn’t
really mean that his daughter worshipped CCM musician
Steve Camp, but it was Almighty God who hung the moon,
and it is foolish to apply such devotion to a mere man.
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Rock Music and Rebellion
At its core, rock music has always been about rebellion
against established authority and biblical morality. The
following are just a few of the examples that can be given to
prove this.
We’ve combined youth, music, sex, drugs, and rebellion with
treason, and that’s a combination hard to beat” (Jerry Rubin,
Do It!, 1970, pp. 19, 249).
Little Richard’s biographer notes that the “wild freedom” of
his music “changed the lives of hundreds of thousands of
young people” (Charles White, The Life and Times of Little
Richard, p. 81). His biographer says, further, that Little
Richard “freed people from their inhibitions, unleashing their
spirit, ENABLING THEM TO DO EXACTLY WHAT THEY
FELT LIKE DOING” (White, p. 66).
This is true for rock music in general, but the “wild
freedom” of rock & roll is not the freedom promised in Jesus
Christ.
and knock out the door.”
“The great strength of rock ‘n’ roll lies in its beat. … it is a
music which is basically sexual, un-Puritan … and a threat to
established patterns and values” (Irwin Silber, Marxist, Sing
Out, May 1965, p. 63, cited in The Legacy of John Lennon, p.
85).
“Rock radicalizes teenagers because it estranges them from
the traditional virtues which they no longer see as
relevant” (Martin Perlich, rock producer, Cleveland Press, July
25, 1969, p. 1N).
whatever they wanted to do, even if it meant breaking the
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rules. … From Buddy the burgeoning youth culture received
rock’s message of freedom, which presaged the dawn of a
decade of seismic change and liberation. … Buddy Holly left
the United States for the first time in 1958, carrying rock ‘n’
roll—the music as well as its highly subversive message of
freedom—to the world at large. … laying the groundwork for
the social and political upheavals rock ‘n’ roll was
instrumental in fomenting in the following decade” (Ellis
Amburn, Buddy Holly, pp. 4, 6, 131).
“Rock--at least as practiced by The Who and a few others-is defiant, it is antisocial, it is revolutionary … Anarchy, that’s
what The Who is all about” (Robert W. Butler, Kansas City
Times, Aug. 24, 1979, p. 6C).
Rock critic Vern Stefanic noted that “John Lennon was
more than a musician” because he promoted “an anti-God
theme, and anti-America, pro-revolution stance” (Tulsa
World, Dec. 12, 1980, p. 20).
Lennon explained to Playboy magazine that “the whole
Beatles idea was to do what you want … do what thou wilst,
as long as it doesn’t hurt somebody” (Lennon, cited by David
Sheff, The Playboy Interviews with John Lennon and Yoko
Ono, p. 61).
Paul McCartney admitted the Beatles’ part in destroying
traditional convention: “There they were in America, all
getting house-trained for adulthood with their indisputable
principle of life: short hair equals men; long hair equals
women. Well, we got rid of that small convention for them.
And a few others, too” (Barbara Ehrenreich, “Beatlemania:
Girls Just Wanted to Have Fun,” cited by Lisa Lewis, The
Adoring Audience: Fan Culture and Popular Media, p. 102).
AC/DC’s song “Highway to Hell,” a very popular rock
anthem which continues to be played decade after decade,
describes the rebellion that has been promoted by rock from
its inception. It is a call to throw off moral restraint and to
ignore eternal judgment: “Don’t need a reason/ Don’t need a
rhyme/ Ain’t nothing’ that I’d rather do/ Goin’ down/ Party
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time/ My friends are gonna be there too/ I’m on the highway
to Hell … No stop signs, speed limits, nobody’s gonna slow
me down/ Grab the wheel, gonna spin it, nobody’s gonna
mess me around/ Hey, Satan, paid my dues, playing in a
rocking band/ Hey, Momma, look at me/ I’m going to the
promised land/ I’m on a highway to hell/ Highway to hell/
Highway to hell/ Highway to hell/ Mmmmmm don’t stop
me.”
Satanist Aleister Crowley, whose philosophy was “Do what
thou wilt shall be the whole of the law,” has had a great
influence on rock musicians. We have documented this
elsewhere in this book.
The band Lynyrd Skynyrd was named to mock a former
gym teacher, Leonard Skinner, who had talked to the band
members about their long hair and rebellious attitudes. The
group “stressed cocky, boisterous hard rock.”
John Mellencamp’s songs “Jack and Diane” and “Authority
Song” were anthems of youthful rebellion. He said, “I fight
authority ... I’ve been doing it since I was a young kid and I’ve
come out grinning” (cited by John Muncy, The Role of Rock,
p. 24). He also said: “I swear because I know it’s not socially
acceptable, so I do it around people I know are going to be
upset. I hate things that are this-is-the-way-you-aresupposed-to-behave. That is why I hate schools, governments,
and churches” (People, Oct. 11, 1982).
Of the Rolling Stones’ Beggar Banquet album, the Yale
Daily News reported that “six of the ten songs are blatantly
revolutionary, their heavy rhythm pounding, mobilizing,
appealing to the people.” The chorus to “Gimme Shelter” says:
“Rape! Murder! It’s just a shot away!” Mick Jagger told critics
of the album: “Anarchy is the only slight glimmer of hope.
Anybody should be able to go where he likes and do what he
likes” (Rock Lives, p. 178).
Black Sabbath drummer Bill Ward says, “We were rebelling
and we were rebelling against just about everything” (Black
Sabbath, p. 9).
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“I’ve always gotten a kick out of defying authority” (Dave
Mustaine of the group Megadeth, Rock Scene Spotlights #3, p.
34, cited by John Muncy, The Role of Rock, p. 25).
The song “Bad Boys” by Wham describes the rebellious
rock & roll attitude: “Dear mommy, dear daddy, you had
plans for me. I was your only son. When you tried to tell me
what to do, I just shut my mouth and smiled at you. … Dear
mommy, dear daddy, now I’m 19. As you see, I’m handsome,
tall, and strong. So what the ---- gives you the right to look at
me as if to say, ‘…what went wrong?’ But don’t try to keep me
in tonight because I’m big enough to break down the
door” (Wham, “Bad Boys”).
Elton John’s song “Think I’m Gonna Kill Myself ” is about a
rebellious teenager who contemplates suicide. The lyrics say:
“I’m getting bored being part of mankind/ There’s not a lot to
do no more, this race is a waste of time/ People rushing
everywhere, swarming around like flies/ Think I’ll buy a
forty-four and give ‘em all a surprise/ Yeah, think I’m gonna
kill myself, cause a little suicide/ ... A rift in my family, I can’t
use the car/ I gotta be in by ten o’clock, who do they think
they are?” Elton John’s song “Bennie and the Jets” also
described rebellion against God-ordained authority: “We
shall survive/ let us take ourselves along/ where we fight our
parents out in the streets/ to find who’s right and who’s
wrong.”
Poison’s “Let Me Go to the Show” promotes rebellion
against parents: “Mamma, please let me go to the show/ I dig
those bad boys playing rock ‘n’ roll/ No way, son, you can’t go
out tonight/ So I got real upset and put up the biggest fight/
Out the window shimmy down the tree/ I take a look around,
make sure no one’s watching me/ I steal the keys and take my
old man’s Chevrolet/ I can hear my Mama scream from ten
miles away” (Poison, “Let Me Go to the Show”).
“What we were telling the kids [with the song ‘Shout at the
Devil’] was to stand up and shout at whoever was putting
them down--whether it was their parents, their teachers or
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their bosses. That’s who the real devil is” (Niki Sixx from
Motley Crue, Heavy Metal Heroes, Summer 1987, cited by
John Muncy, The Role of Rock, p. 29).
Madonna promotes rebellion against parents. “I think your
parents give you false expectations of life. All of us grow up
completely misguided” (Madonna, Spin, February 1988, p.
48). Her song “Papa Don’t Preach” is about a pregnant
unmarried girl who tells her father not to preach at her.
Michael Diamond of the Beastie Boys summed up their
attitude toward authority when he said: “We’re probably a
parent’s worst nightmare” (People, Feb. 9, 1987, p. 93). “The
Beastie Boys’ smash hit ‘Fight for Your Right,’ in which they
talk about parents forcing their kids to go to school when
they ‘don’t wanna go,’ and then the teachers treating them
‘like some kind of jerk,’ then ‘that hypocrite’ dad gets upset
cause the kid is smoking, and ‘living at home is such a drag’
cause mom threw away the kid’s ‘best porno mag,’ then the
song goes on to tell about how the parents are upset over the
clothes they are wearing, and the long hair, and of course how
they complain about ‘that noise’ they’re listening to. The
video version makes the parents and the other kids look like a
bunch of ‘nerds’ and the Beastie Boys are a real cool group of
guys who are just fighting for their ‘right to party’!” (John
Muncy, The Role of Rock, pp. 30, 31). Their first album,
Licensed to Ill, was advertised as “an album guaranteed to bug
your parents (or someone you love).” Even so, the album was
the fastest-selling album in the history of Columbia Records,
quickly selling more than three million copies.
“Anarchy is the title of one punk group and the theme of
hundreds of other punk groups just like them. Anarchy even
has their own symbol … a circled capital A. You’ll see it on
their posters and albums declaring that they publicly support
anarchy, which the dictionary defines as ‘the absence of
government, a state of lawlessness; rebellion against
authority’” (John Muncy, The Role of Rock, pp. 31, 32).
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The rebellion promoted by Judas Priest is evident in their
song “We Don’t Need No Parental Guidance”: “Everyday you
scream at me to turn the music low. Well if you keep on
screaming you’ll make me deaf you know. You always chew
me out, because I stay out late. Until your three-piece suite
comes back in date, get one thing straight … We don’t need,
no, no, no, no parental guidance here!” (Judas Priest, “We
Don’t Need No Parental Guidance Here”; the video shows
thousands of young people with fists raised high; cited by
John Muncy, The Role of Rock, p. 34). Judas Priest guitarist
Glen Tipton says this song “tells the parents of the world to
leave their kids alone. … We’ve had enough of groups of
mothers telling their kids what they should or should not
listen to” (Hit Parader, May 1981, p. 69). Vocalist Rob Halford
agrees: “I know for a fact that rock’s got all the elements of
rebellion against your mom and dad. You want to stay up late,
want to party all night long, you don’t want to do your
homework” (Hit Parader, Feb, 1983, p. 59). Their album Sin
after Sin wickedly encourages young people to worry about
“getting saved later” and to enjoy sin today.
“I figured the only thing to do was swipe their kids. I still
think it’s the only thing to do. By saying that, I’m not talking
about kidnapping, I’m just talking about changing their value
systems, which removes them from their parents’ world very
effectively” (David Crosby of the group Crosby, Stills, Nash
and Young, Ben Fong-Torres, “David Crosby,” Rolling Stone
Interviews, p. 410).
“Another perfect example of out-right rebellion was a
smash hit by a group called Twisted Sister (a very fitting
name). The title of the song speaks for itself, ‘We’re Not
Going to Take It.’ The song plainly taught young people that
no one has a right to tell you anything, no matter who they
are. The video version of the song shows a family sitting
around the supper table. The tension can be felt as the
children sheepishly look at their hard nosed dad. The oldest
teenager asks to be dismissed and goes up to his room to
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listen to his favorite group as he ‘plays’ along on his guitar.
Meanwhile the dad begins to question what his son is
listening to and proceeds up to the son’s room. When he
enters the room, he begins to throw things around and
complains about the boy’s messy room. Then the dad begins
to verbally abuse his son. Of course the producers of the
video really center on the son’s timid look as his dad makes
all kinds of remarks about the son’s music. Finally, dad stops
and says, ‘What are you going to do with your life?’ The son,
with a rebellious grin, replies, ‘I wanna Rock’ and with that,
he strums the guitar and from its force, blows dad out the
window of the two-story house to the driveway below. Then
the young boy turns into Dee Snider, the leader of the band,
and proceeds to get his dad back by throwing him down the
stairs, pulling his hair, and knocking him out with the door.
The sad thing about it was this song stayed at the top of the
music charts for weeks” (Muncy, pp. 35, 36).
Snider admits that Twisted Sister’s goal is rebellion against
parents. He said: “…no self-respecting kid wants to listen to a
band that his father approves of ” (Dayton [Ohio] Daily News,
Oct. 9, 1984). He said further: “The type of music we play and
the way we look is every parent’s nightmare, so I guess in
some ways we are standing up for the kids against their
parents. That comes across in the video, and it’s in the songs
as well. But that’s the basic attitude of rock and roll; you like it
because your parents hate it...” (Dee Snider, Hit Parader, April
1985, p. 68).
“That’s why Heavy Metal exists. It is the only form of rock
‘n’ roll besides punk where that essential element of rebellion
still exists. My parents did to me what happened to that kid in
the video. Maybe some kid somewhere who’s getting beat up
on can feel better thinking about me dragging that father
downstairs by his hair. The message of Twisted Sister is
personal freedom. If you like what you are, #@%! what
everybody else thinks” (Dee Snider, Musician, September
1984, p. 42).
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“Heavy metal is like psychotherapy. If you can’t afford a
doctor, listen to metal, dance around to the music. Then you
can go home and kill your parents” (Dee Snider, quoted on
Talk Back With Bob Larson, March 26, 1985).
The Twisted Sister video “I Want to Rock” shows a school
boy chasing his teacher through the school until the teacher
gets blown up.
Two of Bon Jovi’s songs, “Living in Sin” and “Wild in the
Streets” encouraged rebellion against parents.
“I don’t need no license to sign on no line, and I don’t
need no preacher, to tell me you’re mine. … I know they
have a hard time, and your daddy don’t approve, but I
don’t need your daddy telling us what we should do. …
Baby, can you tell me where we fit in, I call it love, they
call it living in sin…” (Bon Jovi, “Living in Sin”).
“A member of the boy’s brigade had a date with the girl
next door/ You know it made her daddy crazy but it
only made her want him more … So she headed out
thru her bathroom window/ What her daddy didn’t
know was gonna be alright” (Bon Jovi, “Wild in the
Streets”).
In her song “Control,” Janet Jackson sings the rock & roll
philosophy: “This is a story about control. My control.
Control of what, I say? Control of what I do, and this time I’m
gonna do it my way. … got my own mind. I want to make my
own decision; when it has to do with my life, I want to be the
one in control…”
another … free minds … free dope … free bodies … free
music” (Paul Kantner of the Jefferson Airplane, Ben FongTorres, “Grace Slick with Paul Kantner,” The Rolling Stone
Interviews, 1971, p. 447). The Jefferson Airplane’s profane
album Volunteers glorified revolution and called upon young
people to become “outlaws in America” and to “tear down the
walls.”
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In the long album version of the song “Controversy,”
Prince sings, “I wish there were no black and white/ I wish
there were no rules.” His song “When Two Are in Love” says,
“Nothing’s forbidden and nothing’s taboo.”
Rapper Ice Cube’s rebellion is evident in his music and in
statements he has made to the press: “I feel like this. If I’m a
kid, I’m getting chastised by my parents, by teachers, by
people in the community, authorities, grandmothers. When
the kids go out to party, they’re sick of getting told what to
do. They’re sick of having people go down their throats,
telling them how to act” (Ice Cube, cited by Turner, Hungry
for Heaven, p. 15).
Jim Morrison, lead singer for The Doors, was a drugsoaked rebel. He said, “I’ve always been attracted to ideas that
were about revolt against authority--when you make your
peace with authority you become an authority. I like ideas
about the breaking away or overthrowing of established
order--I am interested in anything about revolt, disorder,
chaos, especially activity that seems to have no
meaning” (Doors press kit). He sang “We want the world and
we want it NOW!” At his concerts he would shout, “There are
no rules; there are no limits.” He and his band had a wicked
influence upon the 1960s generation, and their strange music
continues to have the same influence today.
Gene Simmons of KISS said, “We’ve always been
committed to warping those little minds out there who get
drivel on TV, like ‘Father Knows Best,’ and think that’s what
home life is all about” (US, Jan. 14, 1985, p. 30). He also said,
“We wanted to look like we crawled out from under a rock in
Hell. We wanted parents to look at us and instantly want to
throw up” (Hellhounds on Their Trail, p. 130). In a debate
with rock critic Dan Peters, Simmons said: “What I write is
pretty much a belief in a certain lifestyle which is a free soul,
a free person, doing basically what he wants to do without
hurting anybody else” (WCCO-TV, Five P.M. Report, Feb. 18,
1983). In 1984, Simmons openly advised young people to
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rebel against their parents: “Survival’s gotta do with believing
in yourself, period. People are going to tell you, ‘You can’t do
this. You can’t do that.’ They can all go ---- … You don’t need
them around, and that includes your parents. … Get rid of
those leeches and go after your dreams” (Faces, Dec. 1984).
Notice the rebellious lyrics to the following Kiss songs:
“My parents think I’m crazy/ And they hate the things I
do/ I’m stupid and I’m lazy/ Man, if they only knew/
How flaming youth will set the world on fire/ Flaming
youth, our flag is flying higher”
(KISS, “Flaming
Youth”).
“Listenin’ to the teacher/ Bosses and the preacher/ Ain’t
never done nobody good...” (KISS, “Tomorrow and
Tonight”).
Cyndi Lauper rebelliously said the church, the family, and
the state are “the three biggest oppressors of women that will
ever come along” (Newsweek, March 4, 1985, p. 50).
Sammy Hagar’s 1984 hit, “I Can’t Drive 55,” promoted
rebellion against the law. The song’s video depicted the band
members breaking out of jail, defying the judge, proclaiming
lawless liberty, and destroying the courtroom.
The Canadian group Loverboy have a song titled “Turn Me
Loose,” in which they sing: “Makin’ love with whoever I
please, I gotta do it my way, or no way at all.”
Quiet Riot promotes rebellion to parents. Their video
“Party All Night Long” depicts a house-wrecking party
thrown by kids while the parents are away. Quiet Riot’s lead
singer says, “Kids love to have things their parents don’t
like” (Kevin DuBrow, Rock Fever, July 1984).
Rebellion oozes from Scorpions’ music and concerts. The
song “Rock You Like a Hurricane” says, “What is wrong with
another sin?” The cover to the U.S. version of their album
Virgin Killer shows the band with fists raised against
authority.
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Trent Reznor’s (Nine Inch Nails) rebellion oozes from his
statement: “I’d rather die than give you control.”
Offspring’s 1994 album, Smash, sold over four million
copies. Their music is “full of obscenities, angst, and
meaninglessness.” Their song “Cool to Hate” says, “I never
have nothing good to say/ I’d rather tear things down than
build them up/ I’m only happy when I’m in my misery…”
“…the whole idea of rock ‘n’ roll is to offend your
parents” (Rock star King Coffey, Entertainment Today,
August 27, 1996).
Joe Armstrong of Green Day told Rolling Stone magazine
that his mother said he is disrespectful and indecent and that
if his father were alive, he would be ashamed of him. Their
Dookie album was described as “lyrics that talk about mass
destruction (‘Having a Blast’), self-loathing and insanity
(‘Basket Case’), and hatred of elders (‘Burnout’).” It is called
“a parent’s nightmare.”
Rob Stryker of White Zombie says, “We’re just trying to
communicate some feelings of violence, anger, and
hatred” (The Truth about Rock, p. 58).
The video “Rock High School” by Heaven shows rock stars
throwing away their books and battling a principal and high
school guards.
The rock movie Footloose depicts young people in rebellion
against societal laws, parents and preachers.
Marilyn Manson (real name Brian Warner) was educated
in a Christian school. He admitted to MTV News that his
band is about resentment toward Christianity: “Being a 13year-old kid, and having someone tell you on a daily basis
that this is the final hour and that the Antichrist was coming
and it was going to be the end of the world. You know, I
would stay up every night and have nightmares about this
and then finally 1984 passed, and all those years that they
said was going to be the end, I developed a real hard shell,
you know, that really became what Marilyn Manson is, IT
378
WAS RESENTMENT” (The Week in Rock, MTV, Jan. 17,
1997).
Limp Bizkit sing a vicious song with the words “give me
something to break” repeated over and over.
The punk band Sex Pistols “stood for nothing” and “was
against everything.” The group’s first single, “Anarchy in the
U.K.” was banned in Britain. In it Rotten cried out: “I am the
anti-Christ … I want to be … anarchy!” Their second record
was also banned from airplay in Britain because of its
mockery of the Queen, though it sold well and was listed as
the #1 single.
The British-born Tom Robinson (b. 1951) rebelled against
his father and was sent to a “home for maladjusted boys” at
age 17. There he met guitarist Danny Kustow, and these two
rebels, joined by Mark Ambler and Brian Taylor, formed the
Tom Robinson Band in 1977. Robinson later described his
music: “After ten years of bland, brilliant music, we were back
to what Rock ‘n’ Roll should be--nasty, crude, rebellious
people’s music” (Tom Robinson, punk rocker, Dictionary of
American Pop/Rock, p. 294).
In “Another Brick in the Wall,” Pink Floyd encourages
young people to rebel against their parents and teachers. “We
don’t need no education. We don’t need no thought control…
I ain’t did nothing to you. I ain’t dumb, I ain’t stupid … Hey,
teacher, leave us kids alone…”
Alice Cooper was conscious of the rebellion he encouraged
in young people: “If I were a kid, Alice would be my hero.
He’s a rebellion symbol. He doesn’t have to answer to
anybody” (Circus, Aug. 24, 1976). “Rebellion is the basis for
our group. Some of the kids who listen to us are really
deranged; but they look up to us as heroes because their
parents hate us too much” (Circus, February 1972, p. 61).
Brian Setzer of the Stray Cats understands the rebellion of
rock & roll: “Rockabilly … it’s definitely teenage rebellion. …
The lyrics to our songs are the things I know about: cars,
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bikes, getting kicked out of school, all the good things in life.
Dumb stuff. Nobody wants to listen to Mom and Dad, me
included. So you want a song to go with that, something you
can play really loud on your stereo so Mom and Dad can hear
it! It’s not just the music. Half of it is being an individual. A
rebel. This is what I choose to be … a rockabilly
rebel” (Seventeen magazine, April 1973, pp. 167,193).
Big Black’s “blistering anthems like ‘The Ugly American’
and ‘Texas’ were packed with a sonic and lyrical aggression
that spit rage at everything and anyone in shouting
distance” (The Secret History of Rock, p. 195). Black Flag has a
vicious song titled “Revenge” dedicated to the Los Angeles
Police Department: “Revenge!/ I’ll watch you bleed/
Revenge!/ That’s all I read.”
The punk rock band Pennywise has produced several
albums that are described as “pep talks for sullen
adolescents” (Trouser Press Guide to ‘90s Rock). The song
“Rules” has rebellious lyrics such as these: “the only rules you
should live by … rules made up by you.”
Michael Hutchence of the Australian group INXS, who
committed suicide by hanging, admitted that his love for rock
music stemmed from rebellion: “[Rock] music was for me,
like, I never wanted my dad to like it” (“Rocked to Death,” E
network, Dec. 9, 1999).
“[My long hair] is a flag. It’s Tarzan. I’ll always be antiestablishment” (David Lee Roth of Van Halen, cited by John
Makujina, Measuring the Music, p. 73).
Public Enemy’s song “Fight the Power” epitomizes the
defiance and rebellion of rock and roll.
Judas Priest’s song “Breaking the Law” encourages and
glorifies rebellion.
380
The Rhythm of Rock Music
Secular writings about rock music continually refer to rock
rhythms as “dirty,” “sexy,” “vulgar,” “sensual,” “titillating,”
“flirtatious,” “violent,” “driving,” etc.
This reminds us that music is not a neutral thing. Music,
even without words, has a voice. Many have noticed the effect
of music on small children. When our oldest daughter was
very young and we were visiting someone’s home, she heard a
rock song for the first time and started dancing to it even
though she had never been around rock music and had not
been conditioned to respond in any certain way. Further, she
could not understand the words. The rhythm of the music
itself affected her physically.
The following statements from rock musicians and rock
researchers affirm this:
the music is a spiritual thing of its own ... you hypnotize
people to where they go right back to their natural state
which is pure positive ... and when you get people at that
weakest point, you can preach into the subconscious
what we want to say ... People want release any kind of
way nowadays. The idea is to release in the proper form.
Then they’ll feel like going into another world, a clearer
world. The music flows from the air; that’s why I
connect with a spirit, and when they come down off this
natural high, they see clearer, feel different
things...” (Jimi Hendrix, Life, Oct. 3, 1969, p. 74).
“Don’t listen to the words, it’s the music that has its own
message. ... I’ve been stoned on the music many
times” (Timothy Leary, New Age guru and promoter of
LSD, Politics of Ecstasy).
“In all pop music lyrics are secondary. Pop is music of
feeling, spoken primarily to the body and only
secondarily to the intellect” (Graham Cray, former
381
Chairman of the Greenbelt Committee, Greenbelt
Christian Rock Concerts).
“Most rock records make their impact musically rather
than lyrically. The words, if they are noticed at all, are
absorbed after the music has made its mark” (Simon
Frith, sociology professor at University of Warwick in
England, Sound Effects, New York: Pantheon Books,
1981, p. 14).
“Words are incidental at best, or monotonous and
moronic as usual. But the point is, that they don’t
matter. What you dance to is the beat, the bass and
drums. And with this mix and volume, not only is the
beat sensed, but literally felt, as this aspect of the rhythm
s e c t i on t a ke s pre c e d e n c e ove r m e l o dy an d
harmony” (Dr. Steven Halpern, Tuning the Human
Instrument, Belmont, Calif.: Spectrum Research
Institute, 1978, p. 14).
rock experience is essentially erotic” (Simon Frith,
Sound Effects, New York: Pantheon Books, 1981, p. 164).
“There is a great deal of powerful, albeit subliminal,
sexual stimulation implicit in both the rhythm and [the]
lyrics of rock music” (Dr. David Elkind, chairman of the
Eliot-Pearson Department of Child Study at Tufts
University in Massachusetts, The Hurried Child,
Reading, Mass.: Addison Wesley Publishing Co., 1981,
p. 89).
“Rock is visceral. It does disturbing things to your body.
In spite of yourself, you find your body tingling, moving
with the music. ... To get into rock, you have to give in to
it, let it inside, flow with it, to the point where it
consumes you, and all you can feel or hear or think
about is the music. ... Such open sensuality” (Tom
McSloy, rock music performer, “Music to Jangle Your
Insides,” National Review, June 30, 1970, p. 681).
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“Adolf Hitler, ancient Greek orators, the Beatles and
African witch doctors all practiced a similar type of
brainwashing. . . . People can be brainwashed to believe
sense or nonsense. . . . Rhythmic music and dancing are
ways of getting at the nervous system. [I will show
some] movies demonstrating how the primitive rhythms
of a Stone Age tribe in Kenya and a band at a London
ball produce the same trancelike emotions” (William
Sargant, Witchita Beacon, Feb. 17, 1965, p. 11A; Dr.
Sargant, head of the Psychological Medicine
Department at St. Thomas Hospital in London, spoke
these words in an address to the Royal Society of
Medicine).
“A n e w m u s i c e m e r g e d , a g a i n c o m p l e t e l y
nonintellectual, with a thumping rhythm and shouting
voices, each line and each beat full of the angry insult to
all western values … their protest is in their music itself
as well as in the words, for anyone who thinks that this
is all cheap and no more than entertainment has never
used his ears” (H.R. Rookmaaker, Modern Art and the
Death of a Culture, pp. 188, 189).
“The great strength of rock ‘n’ roll lies in its beat … it is
a music which is basically sexual, un-Puritan … and a
threat to established patterns and values” (Irwin Silber,
Marxist, Sing Out, May 1965, p. 63).
Describing the Beach Boys’ early 1960s hit, “Surfin’ USA,”
and its influence, drummer Dennis Wilson’s biographer
observes: “The lead singer sounded like some teenage punk
that should have been sitting out a detention at the local high
school. Still, what I admired most about the song was the
primitive rhythm . . . that beat. Simple and thrilling, the
drums laid down the language of freedom, the dance of
liberation. . . . It was Dennis Wilson introducing his
[rebellious] attitude to the world” (Jon Stebbins, Dennis
Wilson: The Real Beach Boy, p. 33).
383
“For white Memphis, the forbidden pleasures of Beale
Street had always come wrapped in the pulsing rhythms
of the blues. … Elvis’s [rock & roll] offered those
pleasures long familiar to Memphians to a new
audience” (emphasis added) (Larry Nager, Memphis
Beat, p. 154).
“I believe in the transformative power of rock and roll
… this transformative power inheres not so much in the
words of songs or the stances of the stars, but in the
music itself—in the SOUND, and above all, in the
BEAT” (Robert Palmer, Rock & Roll an Unruly History,
p. 12).
“[Rock’s] wellsprings … are fundamentally African and
African-American. … The rhythm is spiritualized and
the spirituality has a beat you can dance to” (Palmer, p.
77).
“Certain rhythms and their gradual acceleration play an
important role [in the carousing lifestyle of the followers
of the gods of licentiousness, Shiva, Pan, and Dionysus]
… A very high level of sound is useful in inducing states
of trance. … The dance and noise of the drums have the
effect of creating a safety zone and of driving away illomened influences” (Alain Danielou, Shiva and
Dionysus, cited by Palmer, p. 149).
“… in traditional African music, the rhythms themselves
are a specific text” (John Chernoff, African Rhythm and
African Sensibility, p. 75).
“The rhythm is more important than the meaning of the
words. Our gods respond to rhythm above all else” (a
Macumba priestess in Brazil, cited by John Chernoff,
African Rhythm and African Sensibility, p. 124).
When complaints were made about his erotic behavior
onstage, Jimi Hendrix replied: “Perhaps [my rock music] is
sexy ... but what music with a big beat isn’t?” (Henderson,
‘Scuse Me While I Kiss the Sky, p. 117).
384
Bluesman Robert Johnson said, “This sound [the blues]
affected most women in a way that I could never
understand” (Guralnick, Searching for Robert Johnson, p. 59).
Famous boogie-woogie pianist Professor Longhair was
described as “a collector of rhythms.” He combined “a crazy
jambalaya of jump blues, boogie-woogie, jazz, calypso,
rhumba, samba, and his own peculiar dance rhythms” (Rock
Lives, p. 15). These particular rhythms caused women to
“jump and wriggle” (Ibid., p. 18).
John Lennon said rock & roll gets through to people
because of its beat: “Because it is primitive enough and has
no bull, really, the best stuff, and it gets through to you its
beat. Go to the jungle and THEY HAVE THE RHYTHM and
it goes throughout the world and it’s as simple as
that” (Lennon, Rolling Stone, Feb. 12, 1976, p 100).
“Everywhere you look on the planet people are using
drums to alter consciousness. … I’ve discovered, along
with many others, the extraordinary power of music,
particularly percussion, to influence the human mind
and body. . . . There have been many times when I’ve felt
as if the drum has carried me to an open door into
another world” (Mickey Hart, drummer for the Grateful
Dead, Drumming at the Edge of Magic, pp. 28, 30, 176).
“Our word ‘ecstatic,’ which some people like to apply to
African music, means literally from its Greek origins,
‘extended out of the state one was in,’ and the word
could not be more inappropriate to describe African
music in general” (John Chernoff, African Rhythm and
African Sensibility, p. 141).
The ragtime piano music in whorehouses in such places as
New Orleans, St. Louis, and Memphis, at the end of the 19th
century, is described as “sexually syncopated sounds.” “Like
the whorehouses in New Orleans and St. Louis, the Gayoso
houses provided employment for Memphis’s early ragtime
pianists … The Gayoso brothels gave many white Memphians
their first dose of syncopation and the blues. Compared to
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the pallid ballads and sentimental ‘heart songs’ that the
Victorian era offered, that ‘whorehouse music’ would have
been exciting in any situation. Given the extra tang of
forbidden fruit, of social and moral taboos being broken all
around, those SEXUALLY SYNCOPATED SOUNDS proved
irresistible” (Larry Nager, Memphis Beat, p. 26).
Even as a teenager B.B. King observed that the boogiewoogie rhythms in juke joints affected women sexually. He
describes the night he first played a live performance at a
blues club:
“That night I couldn’t sleep for the pictures running
through my head. Ladies were in the pictures, for sure. I
saw them dressed and undressed … My mind was alive
with the sound of my own music and the way women
had reacted to my voice, THEIR BODIES FLOWING
TO A RHYTHM COMING OUT OF MY
GUITAR…” (emphasis added) (Blues All Around Me, p.
117).
This frank description of the musings of a bluesman (most
of which we cannot print) destroys the myth that blues/rock
is innocent music that can be used by God’s people. It is NOT
innocent or wholesome music. It is sensual and worldly and
devilish in its very rhythms, and the Bible forbids God’s
people to associate with it.
386
Rock Musicians as Mediums
In the following statements, rock musicians describe an
outside power to which they were connected or which has
actually possessed them while they wrote and performed
rock music. Since these are people who don’t know Jesus
Christ as Lord and Saviour, the source of the influence must
be that which is described in Ephesians:
“Wherein in time past ye walked according to the
course of this world, according to the prince of the
power of the air, the spirit that now worketh in the
children of disobedience: Among whom also we all had
our conversation in times past in the lusts of our flesh,
fulfilling the desires of the flesh and of the mind; and
were by nature the children of wrath, even as
others” (Eph. 2:2-3).
JIMI HENDRIX’S girlfriend, Fayne Pridgon, said: “He
used to always talk about some devil or something was in
him, you know. He didn’t know what made him act the way
he acted and what made him say the things he said, and the
songs and different things like that … just came out of him. It
seems to me he was so tormented and just torn apart and like
he really was obsessed, you know, with something really
evil” (sound track from film Jimi Hendrix, interview with
Fayne Pridgon, side 4, cited by Heartbeat of the Dragon, p.
50).
ROBERT PLANT and JIMMY PAGE of LED ZEPPELIN
both claim that they don’t know who wrote their occultic
song Stairway to Heaven. Plant testified: “Pagey had written
the chords and played them for me. I was holding the paper
and pencil, and for some reason, I was in a very bad mood.
Then all of a sudden my hand was writing out words. … I just
sat there and looked at the words and then I almost leaped
out of my seat” (Robert Plant, quoted by Stephen Davis,
Hammer of the Gods, p. 164).
387
PETE TOWNSHEND of The Who says that he began
acting as a medium for music when he learned to play the
harmonica as a boy. “I got lost in the sound of the mouth
organ, and then had the most extraordinary, life-changing
experience. Suddenly I was hearing music within the music-rich, complex harmonic beauty that had been locked in the
sounds I’d been making. The next day I went fly fishing, and
this time the murmuring sound of the river opened up a
wellspring of music so enormous that I fell in and out of a
trance. It was the beginning of my lifelong connection to ...
what might be described as the music of the spheres. ... One
day I found some chords that made me lightheaded. As I
played them my body buzzed all over, and my head filled
with the most complex, disturbing orchestral music. ... I had
the ability to create alpha-state music in my head, go into a
creative trance, have musical visions... Since so much of this
music bubbled up urgently from my subconscious mind, I’m
left to interpret it much like anyone else” (Townshend, Who I
Am: A Memoir, HarperCollins, 2012, pp. 41, 46, 62, 145).
“In the end you have to look at a song and not know
exactly where it came from” (BRUCE SPRINGSTEIN,
Dateline, Dec. 14, 1998).
“I’ve always considered that there was some way where we
were able to channel energy, and that energy was able to be,
from another source, if you like, like a higher power or
something, that was actually doing the work. I’ve often
thought of us just being actually just the earthly beings that
played the music because it was uncanny. Some of this music
came out extremely uncanny” (BILL WARD OF BLACK
SABBATH, cited by Mike Stark in Black Sabbath An Oral
History, p. 7).
“It’s amazing, ’cause sometimes when we’re on stage, I feel
like somebody’s just moving the pieces. ... I’m just going,
‘God, we don’t have any control over this.’ And that’s
magic” (STEVIE NICKS OF FLEETWOOD MAC, Circus,
April 14, 1971).
388
ANGUS YOUNG, lead guitarist for AC-DC, is called the
“guitar demon”; and he admitted that something takes
control of the band during their concerts: “... it’s like I’m on
automatic pilot. By the time we’re halfway through the first
number someone else is steering me. I’m just along for the
ride. I become possessed when I get on stage” (Hit Parader,
July 1985, p. 60).
KEITH RICHARDS OF THE ROLLING STONES said
that their songs “came spontaneously like an inspiration at a
séance” and “arrived ‘en masse’ as if the Stones as songwriters
were only a willing and open medium” (Rolling Stone, May 5,
1977, p. 55). Richards said that he received the opening riff to
the wicked song “I Can’t Get No Satisfaction” in a dream. He
woke up and sang it into a tape recorder.
LITTLE RICHARD said, “I was directed and commanded
by another power. The power of darkness ... that a lot of
people don’t believe exists. The power of the Devil.
Satan” (cited from Charles White, The Life and Times of Little
Richard, p. 206).
“You can’t describe it [playing rock music] except to say it’s
like a mysterious energy that comes from the metaphysical
plane and into my body. It’s almost like being a
medium....” (MARC STORACE, vocalist with heavy-metal
band KROKUS, Circus, January 31, 1984, p. 70).
“They [THE BEATLES] were like mediums. They weren’t
conscious of all they were saying, but it was coming through
them” (YOKO ONO, The Playboy Interviews with John
Lennon and Yoko Ono, Berkeley, 1982, p. 106.).
Of the Beatles’ album Rain, which featured one of the
earliest instances of backward taping, RINGO STARR said, “I
feel as though that was someone else playing. I was
possessed!” (“Rain,” Rolling Stone, Dec. 9, 2004).
“[Of his music JOHN LENNON said] “It’s like being
possessed: like a psychic or a medium” (The Playboy
389
“It’s amazing that it [the tune to ‘In My Life’] just came to
me in a dream. That’s why I don’t profess to know anything. I
think music is very mystical” (JOHN LENNON, quoted in
“The Beatles Come Together,” Reader’s Digest, March 2001).
“I felt like a hollow temple filled with many spirits, each
one passing through me, each inhabiting me for a little time
and then leaving to be replaced by another” (JOHN
LENNON, People, Aug. 22, 1988, p. 70).
“When the real music comes to me, it has nothing to do
with me ‘cause I’m just a channel. It’s given to me and I
transcribe it” (JOHN LENNON, quoted by Mickey Hart,
Spirit into Sound: The Magic of Music, p. 134).
“The music to ‘Yesterday’ came in a dream. The tune just
came complete. You have to believe in magic. I can’t read or
write music” (PAUL MCCARTNEY, interview on Larry King
Live, CNN, June 12, 2001).
“I wake up from dreams and go ‘Wow, put this down on
paper,’ the whole thing is strange. You hear the words,
everything is right there in front of your face. I feel that
somewhere, someplace it’s been done and I’m just a courier
bringing it into the world” (MICHAEL JACKSON, Rolling
Stone, Feb. 17, 1983).
“When I hit the stage it’s all of a sudden a ‘magic’ from
somewhere that comes and the spirit just hits you, and you
just lose control of yourself ” (MICHAEL JACKSON, Teen
Beat: A Tribute to Michael Jackson, Summer 1984, p. 27).
“A lot of the songs were written in 15-30 minutes, very
stream-of-consciousness, as though it was being channeled
through us” (ALANIS MORISSETTE, quoted from Hells
Bells2 by Eric Holmberg).
“When the Siberian shaman gets ready to go into his
trance, all the villagers get together... and play whatever
instruments they have to send him off [into trance and
possession]. … It was the same way with The Doors when we
played in concert... I think that our drug experience let us get
390
into it... [the trance state] quicker.... It was like Jim
[Morrison] was an electric shaman and we were the electric
shaman’s band, pounding away behind him. Sometimes he
wouldn’t feel like getting into the state, but the band would
keep on pounding and pounding, and little by little it would
take him over. God, I could send an electric shock through
him with the organ. John could do it with his
drumbeats” (DOORS keyboardist RAY MANZAREK, cited
by Jerry Hopkins and Daniel Sugerman, No One Here Gets
Out Alive, pp. 158-60).
“That certain feeling happened to me in a big way quite
often with the first King Crimson. Amazing things would
happen--I mean, telepathy, qualities of energy, things that I
had never experienced before with music … you can’t tell
whether the music is playing the musician or the musician is
playing the music” (ROBERT FRIPP, guitarist for KING
CRIMSON, Down Beat, June 1985, p. 61).
“I believe inspiration comes through me and that I channel
it” (JIM KERR, SIMPLE MINDS, cited by Steve Turner,
JOHN MCLAUGHLIN, leader of MAHAVISHNU
ORCHESTRA, testified: “One night we were playing and
suddenly the spirit entered into me, and I was playing, but it
was no longer me playing” (Circus, April 1972, p. 38).
GLEN TIPTON of JUDAS PRIEST says, “I just go crazy
when I go onstage … it’s like someone else takes over my
body” (Hit Parader, Fall 1984, p. 6).
In 1974, JONI MITCHELL told the press of a male spirit
who helps her write music. “Joni Mitchell credits her creative
powers to a ‘male muse’ she identifies as Art. He has taken so
much control of not only her music, but her life, that she feels
married to him, and often roams naked with him on her 40acre estate. His hold over her is so strong that she will excuse
herself from parties and forsake lovers whenever he
‘calls’” (Why Knock Rock? p. 112, citing Time magazine, Dec.
16, 1974, p. 39).
391
GINGER BAKER, drummer for the popular ‘60s band
CREAM, said: “It happens to us quite often--it feels as though
I’m not playing my instrument, something else is playing it
and that same thing is playing all three of our instruments.
That’s what I mean when I say it’s frightening sometimes.
Maybe we’ll all play the same phrase out of nowhere. It
happens very often with us” (Bob Larson, Rock and the
Church, p. 66).
JOE COCKER, who contorts grotesquely during his
performances, claims that something “seizes” him when he
songs rock & roll (Time magazine, cited by Bob Larson, Rock
and the Church, p. 66).
“When I’m singing and in touch with the energy I’m
generating, I sometimes literally have no awareness of where
I am. The ego disappears, and me and my surroundings with
it. … that’s the reason I’m in music--to achieve that
feeling” (DARYL OATES of HALL AND OATES, interview
with Timothy White, 1987, Rock Lives, p. 592).
The original recording of “I Put a Spell on You” was done
after the SCREAMIN’ JAY HAWKINS and his band
members got drunk and “some type of presence seemed to
seize him.” He began “grunting, growling, screaming,
gurgling in strange unknown tongues, and wildly dancing
around the studio” (Heartbeat of the Dragon, p. 40).
believe rock and roll is dangerous. … I feel that we’re only
heralding something even darker than ourselves” (DAVID
BOWIE, Rolling Stone, February 12, 1976, p. 83).
CARLOS SANTANA “keeps a yellow legal pad handy to
record the music when it comes to him ‘just like a fax
machine’” (Rolling Stone, March 16, 2000, p. 41). Santana
believes his music is channeled through a guardian angel
named Mathatron or Metaron or Metatron, who has a female
twin named Sandalion. He says, “Methatron is the architect
of the electron and the angel inside the womb of every
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woman. He makes the fingerprints” (“Spirit of Santana,” USA
Today, Oct. 16, 2002, p. D2).
“I really wish I knew why I’ve done some of the things I’ve
done over the years. I don’t know if I’m a medium for some
outside source. Whatever it is, frankly, I hope it’s not what I
think it is—Satan” (OZZY OSBOURNE, Hit Parader,
February 1978, p. 24).
VAN MORRISON says, “I write [songs] a different place. I
do not even know what it is called or if it has a name. It just
comes and I sculpt it...” (Chris Neil, Performing Songwriter,
March/April 2009, pp. 44–50).
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Rock Music and Voodoo
CCM defenders usually deny that there is a connection
between voodoo and African witchcraft and rock music.
Steve Lawhead, in his book Rock Reconsidered, quotes Tony
Palmer: “That rock and its ‘evil beat’ originated with the
slaves of Africa is a racist notion which will not stand
up” (Rock Reconsidered, pp. 55-60).
Dan and Steve Peters present the same position on page
187 of their book What About Christian Rock?
Such a denial is absolute spiritual blindness. Dr. William
Sargent, head of the Psychological Medicine Department at
St. Thomas Hospital in London, says “the Beatles and African
witch doctors all practiced a similar type of
brainwashing” (Wichita Beacon, Feb. 17, 1965, p. 11A).
Leonard Seidel, a concert pianist and distinguished
lecturer on music, has researched this topic and exposes the
lie that there is no connection between voodoo and African
paganism and rock music:
“The incessant, poly-rhythms pounded out on
cylindrical drums [by African tribals] is the catalyst of
rhythm and blues, rock and roll, and today’s heavy
metal. It is amazing that the reactions we see at a
contemporary rock concert are an exact copy of what
happened in the Pinkster celebrations [black festivals in
New York] or at Place Congo [black slave dancing in
New Orleans] during the Antebellum Period. Any
analysis that denies this fact renders the church
impoverished in its understanding of the African
connection to the rock movement of the 20th century.
“In Stairway to Heaven, Davin Seay quotes Robert
Palmer in Rolling Stone illustrated History of Rock ‘N’
Roll, ‘In a very real sense rock was implicit in the music
of the first Africans brought to North America. And
implicit in their music were centuries of accumulated
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rites, rituals, and religious fervor. The music of those
first brutalized and bewildered slaves, ripped from
cultures as old as the Pyramids, those ancient chants
and tribal stomps, didn’t simply evoke the spirits of the
forest gods; they animated and immortalized
them’ (Davin Seay, Stairway to Heaven, New York:
Ballantine Books, 1986, p. 11).
“Implications such as these lead to a deeper
investigation and a focus on the slaves who were
brought to the Caribbean Isles. One of the most
significant books ever published on this subject is the
study done by Maya Deren under the Guggenheim
Foundation in 1953 concerning the history of the
African tribal origins of demon gods and voodoo
meetings in Haiti. The book Divine Horseman—The
Living Gods of Haiti, deals with the importation of the
slaves from the West coast of Africa to the Caribbean
Islands. These slaves were taken from the same tribes
from which the slaves in the Colonies were taken:
Senegalese, Bambaras, Arades, Congos, Kangas, Fons
and Fulas. The first slave shipment to Haiti was in 1510.
“As with the Colony slaves, THEY BROUGHT WITH
THEM ONLY THEIR WORSHIP OF GODS, THEIR
DANCES AND THEIR DRUM BEATS. Eileen Southern
states: ‘There is no question that Haiti was the central
place where African religious traditions … syncretized
with Catholic beliefs and practices to produce vaudou,
(voodoo) … the ceremonies centered upon worship of
the snake god Damballa through singing, dancing, and
spirit possession’ (emphasis added) (Eileen Southern,
The Music of Black Americans, New York: W.W. Horton,
1983, p. 139).
“THEIR RELIGIOUS WORSHIP WAS BASED ON
DRUMS AND DANCING, and as they worshipped a
god or demon, the ultimate experience was to have their
bodies possessed by that demon. The rituals were
grossly sensualistic and sadistic. Firmly set in the
Caribbean Isles, the practice made its way to the shores
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of the United States primarily through the city of New
Orleans. Historically, slaves from Santo Domingo were
brought to the States during the Haitian revolution in
1804, but voodoo probably existed before this because
the state of Louisiana imported slaves from the West
Indies in 1716, and the practice was also reported in
Missouri, Georgia and Florida.
“The dances of New Orleans were named for the
voodoo gods of the worship rituals. The Samba was
dedicated to the god ‘simbi,’ god of seduction and
fertility. The Conga was named after the African demon
‘congo.’ The Mamba was named after the voodoo
priestess who offered sacrifices to the demons during
the rituals. Sheldon Rodman, author of Haiti, the Black
Republic, describes these dances and relates them to the
dances of today. It is interesting to note that in the 1981
rock album, My Life in the Bush of Ghosts, by Brian Eno
and David Byrne, they coaxed African spirits from
rock’s own dim past.
“THE MOST POINTED OBSERVATION MADE IN
M AYA D E R E N ’ S B O O K C O N C E R N S T H E
DRUMMER, THE RHYTHMS AND THE BEAT. ‘Of all
the individuals related to ritual activity it is the
drummer whose role would seem almost analogous to
that of an individual virtuoso ... Haitian ritual
drumming requires more explicit craft training and
practice than any other ritual activity’ (Maya Deren,
Divine Horseman—The Living Gods of Haiti, New Paltz:
McPherson & Co., 1953, p. 233).
“She observes that the dancers are forced to salute the
drummers first before any other part of the ritual is
entered into. It is obvious that without the drum, the
ritual cannot progress. What a striking parallel to the
modern rock band! The drum set is always center stage,
usually elevated behind the lead singer. Without the
drummer (or in many cases the bass guitarist), the rock
band would cease to exist.
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“Further, Miss Deren writes that it is ‘upon the
drummer that the burden falls of integrating the
participants into a homogeneous collective. It is the
drumming which fuses the fifty or more individuals into
a single body, making them move as one, as if all of
these singular bodies had become linked on the thread
of a single pulse—a pulse which beats ... sending the
body into a slow serpentine undulation which begins in
the shoulders, then the spine, legs and hips’ (Deren,
Divine Horseman, p. 235).
“This description is a remarkable parallel to that which
takes place at a modern rock concert. One has only to
watch a video of the audience to be convinced. The
actions would give an observer the impression that
some sort of possession has occurred. Miss Deren goes
to some length in her book to describe the inanimate
object of the drum as being sacred, even to the place of
being ‘fed food’ and guarded by those attending. ‘It is
the drums and the drum beats per se, which are the
sacred sound’ (Deren, Divine Horseman, pp. 244-246).
“Pearl Primus, long noted for her expertise on the
voodoo dance, has said, ‘The drummers keep up a
terrific throb and beat which very easily takes
possession of the sensibilities of the worshippers.
Observers say that these drums themselves are able to
bring a person to a place where it is easy for the deity
(loa) to take possession of their bodies—the defenseless
person is buffeted by each stroke as the drummer sets
out to ‘beat the loa (god) into his head: The person
cringes with each large (accented) beat as if the drum
mallet descended upon his very skull; he ricochets about
the place, clutching blindly at the arms extended to
support him’ (Lecture, Mount Holyoke College,
Holyoke, Massachusetts, Mary E. Wooley Hall, 1953).
“There can be no denying that there is a strong
relationship between what we have uncovered in
demonic Haitian voodoo and its counterpart in the city
of New Orleans and other southern cities. THERE IS
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ALSO NO DENYING THAT THE MODERN ROCK
AND ROLL MOVEMENT EVOLVED PARTIALLY
FROM SOME OF THE DANCES DESCRIBED
EARLIER, PROGRESSING THROUGH A NUMBER
OF STAGES: RHUMBA DANCING, RHYTHM AND
BLUES, ROCK AND ROLL, DISCO, HEAVY METAL
AND PUNK ROCK. There are, of course, other
elements that make up the evolution of rock music;
however, that is not the issue here. Concerning disco,
Miss Southern says, ‘The insistent pounding rhythms of
disco pushed conventional melody and harmonies into
subordinate positions ... in a manner that recalled
descriptions of juba reciting to accompany dancing on
the plantations in the nineteenth century’ (Eileen
Southern, The Music of Black Americans, New York:
Norton and Co., 1983, p. 507). ...
“Ruth Tooze and Beatrice Krone in their book relate that
‘the same instinct for pulsating rhythms that is found in
the negro songs is carried over into their use of
instruments ... banjos on the plantations and later in the
city where they adapted to the trumpet, clarinet and
trombone. With their innate talent for improvisation, a
new kind of instrumental music was created—we call it
jazz’ (Ruth Tooze, Beatrice Krone, Literature and Music,
Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1955, p. 105).
“IT IS IRREFUTABLE THAT ROCK AND ROLL
MUSIC OWES SOME OF ITS ROOTS TO THE
TRIBES OF AFRICA. Every analysis written on the
subject acknowledges that its roots are deep in ‘jazz’ and
‘rhythm and blues.’ Because of the relationship between
American Negro music and the African, they have
coined a term that is used considerably today,
‘Aframerican music’ (Literature and Music, p. 102).
Joseph Machlis says in his voluminous work, The
Enjoyment of Music, ‘Jazz, by a rough definition-ofthumb is an improvisational, Afro-American musical
idiom. It makes use of elements of rhythm, melody and
harmony from Africa, and of melody and harmony
398
from the European musical tradition. The influence of
jazz, and of closely associated Afro-American idioms
has been so pervasive, that by now most of our popular
music is in an Afro-American idiom, and elements of
jazz have permeated a good deal of our concert music as
well’ (Joseph Machlis, The Enjoyment of Music, New
York: W. W. Norton, 1963, p. 597).
“To declare that these are the only roots of rock music is
to mislead and to be less than honest. A careful study of
rock music reveals it to be more complex than that;
h o w e v e r, T O D E N Y T HAT A N A F R I C A N
CONNECTION TO THE ROCK RHYTHMS OF OUR
DAY DOES NOT EXIST, IS TO BE EQUALLY
MISLEADING AND DISHONEST. To declare that a
certain rhythm or beat is ‘evil’ cannot be proved entirely.
What is far more important is THE HISTORICAL
REVELATION THAT DEMONIC ACTIVITY HAS
BEEN OBSERVED IN CONNECTION WITH
RITUALS WHERE DRUMS AND RHYTHMIC BEATS
HAVE BEEN THE CATALYST. That this possibility
exists should prove a warning to the church that Satan
can and will use anything in his power to turn humanity
from the worship of a Holy God to himself in order that
he might ultimately fulfill his evil purposes and receive
the glory” (Leonard J. Seidel, Face the Music:
Contemporary Church Music on Trial, 1988, p. 34-42).
THE CONNECTION BETWEEN ROCK & ROLL AND
VOODOO HAS BEEN STATED BY UNSAVED ROCK
MUSICIANS AND RESEARCHERS.
The British rock session drummer, Rocki (Kwasi
Dzidzornu), who has recorded with many famous groups and
musicians such as the Rolling Stones, Spooky Tooth, and
Ginger Baker, understood that the music of Jimi Hendrix was
akin to voodoo music. Note the following amazing statement
from Hendrix’s biography:
“He [Hendrix] had gotten a chance to see Rocki and
some other African musicians on the London scene. He
399
found it a pleasure to play rhythms against their
polyrhythms. They would totally get outside, into
another kind of space that he had seldom been in
before. ... ROCKI’S FATHER WAS A VOODOO
PRIEST AND THE CHIEF DRUMMER of a village in
Ghana, West Africa. Rocki’s real name was Kwasi
Dzidzornu. ONE OF THE FIRST THINGS ROCKI
ASKED JIMI WAS WHERE HE GOT THAT
VOODOO RHYTHM FROM. When Jimi demurred,
Rocki went on to explain in his halting English that
many of the signature rhythms Jimi played on guitar
were very often the same rhythms that his father played
in voodoo ceremonies. The way Jimi danced to the
rhythms of his playing reminded Rocki of the
ceremonial dances to the rhythms his father played to
Oxun, the god of thunder and lightning. The ceremony
is called voodooshi. As a child in the village, Rocki
would carve wooden representatives of the gods. They
also represented his ancestors. These were the gods they
worshiped. They would jam a lot in Jimi’s house. One
time they were jamming and Jimi stopped and asked
Rocki point-blank, ‘You communicate with God, do
you?’ Rocki said, ‘Yes, I communicate with God’” (David
Henderson, ‘Scuse Me While I Kiss the Sky, pp. 250,251).
As we have noted, there are proponents of “Christian rock”
music who label such an idea “racist.” In Hendrix’s biography,
though (which is NOT written by a Christian), we see that
the non-Christian son of an actual voodoo priest sees a direct
connection between the music of rock star Jimi Hendrix and
idolatrous voodoo. Is the black rock drummer Rocki a racist
for making such an observation? His remarks cannot be
dismissed conveniently as the ranting of a biblical
fundamentalist!
Newsweek magazine noted the African and voodoo music
connection in disco rock: “From Latin music, it takes the
percolating percussion, its sensuous, throbbing rhythms;
400
from Afro and Cuban music, it repeats simple lyric lines like
voodoo chants” (Newsweek, April 2, 1979, pp. 58,59).
Well-known rock artist Peter Gabriel has no doubt that
there is a direct African connection to rock & roll:
“THERE ARE THINGS LIKE THE BO DIDDLEY
RHYTHM THAT I’VE HEARD BEAT-FOR-BEAT IN
CONGOLESE PATTERNS. Part of what we consider
our fundamental rock and roll heritage originated in
Africa. Period” (Peter Gabriel, interview with Timothy
White, 1986, Rock Lives, p. 720).
Robert Palmer, noted rock music critic and historian,
connects rock music directly with the blues, which, in turn, is
connected directly with Africa: “The African music from
which the blues ultimately derives came to what is now the
southern United States with the first African slaves” (Palmer,
Deep Blues, pp. 25, 26).
Palmer observes that influential bluesman Robert Johnson
used rhythmic devices that “have counterparts in West
African drumming” and he used “them in an African
manner, stacking rhythms on top of each other in order to
build up a dense, layered rhythmic complexity” (Deep Blues,
p. 64).
In his book Rock and Roll an Unruly History, Robert
Palmer is even more forthright about the direct connection
between voodoo and rock music:
“The idea that certain rhythm patterns or sequences
serve as conduits for spiritual energies, linking
individual human consciousness with the gods, is basic
to traditional African religions and African-derived
religions throughout the Americas. And whether we’re
speaking historically or musicologically, THE
FUNDAMENTAL RIFFS, LICKS, BASS FIGURES,
AND DRUM RHYTHMS THAT MAKE ROCK AND
ROLL ROCK CAN ULTIMATELY BE TRACED BACK
TO AFRICAN MUSIC OF A PRIMARILY SPIRITUAL
OR RITUAL NATURE. In a sense, rock and roll is a
401
kind of ‘voodoo,’ rooted in a vigorous tradition of
celebrating nature [that which the Bible calls “the flesh”]
and spirit that’s far removed from the sober patriarchal
values espoused by the self-appointed guardians of
western culture [this is a reference to Bible-believing
Christians, among others]” (emphasis added) (Robert
Palmer, Rock and Roll an Unruly History).
In a 1982 interview with Jerry Lee Lewis, one of the fathers
of rock & roll, researcher Steve Turner asked what power falls
on him when he performs. Lewis replied: “The power of
voodoo” (Turner, Hungry for Heaven, p. 26).
Little Richard, another of rock’s fathers, has also testified of
this connection:
“My true belief about Rock ‘n’ Roll—and there have
been a lot of phrases attributed to me over the years—is
this: I believe this kind of music is demonic. ... A LOT
OF THE BEATS IN MUSIC TODAY ARE TAKEN
FROM VOODOO, FROM THE VOODOO DRUMS. If
you study music in rhythms, like I have, you’ll see that is
true ... I believe that kind of music is driving people
from Christ. It is contagious” (Little Richard, quoted by
Charles White, The Life and Times of Little Richard, p.
197).
It would be a simple matter, I suppose, for a proponent of
Christian rock music to discount the testimony of Little
Richard, perhaps because of his on again, off again
relationship with Christianity. But answer me this: Do the
defenders of Christian rock really know more about the
character of rock and roll than a man like Little Richard, who
was one of its creators?
The Rolling Stones and other rock & roll groups have
recorded tribal and voodoo occultic drumming ceremonies
and incorporated these into their rock music. The Stones’
Goat’s Head Soup album allegedly contained such recordings,
including the frenetic drumming and the screams of voodoo
adherents becoming possessed by loa or evil spirits.
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John Lennon said rock & roll gets through to people
because of its voodoo beat: “Because it is primitive enough
and has no bull, really, the best stuff, and it gets through to
you its beat. GO TO THE JUNGLE AND THEY HAVE THE
RHYTHM and it goes throughout the world and it’s as simple
as that” (Lennon, Rolling Stone, Feb. 12, 1976, p 100).
Tony Sanchez, who traveled with the Stones for many years
and who wrote a book about them, described the music at
their infamous concert at Altamonte, during which many
people were injured and killed, as “POUNDING VOODOO
DRUMMING and primitive shrieks” (Sanchez, Up and Down
with the Rolling Stones, p. 184).
He described the music of the Rolling Stones song “Gimme
Shelter” as “HYPNOTIC, VOODOO RHYTHM” (Sanchez,
p. 175).
Malcolm McLaren, who managed vile punk groups such as
the Sex Pistols and Adam and the Ant, incorporated ZULU
TRIBAL MUSIC into his 1983 Duck Rock album.
Musicologist John Chernoff studied drumming in Africa,
even participating in animal sacrifices and other pagan
ceremonies to appease the drum spirits. After these demonic
ceremonies, he claimed that his arms did not tire and he
“seemed never to make a mistake.” Chernoff noted the close
connection between voodoo-type African cult drumming
and rock and roll: “… great drummers, aficionados, and
scholars can trace the rhythms of the Latin dance halls of
New York to Cuban and Brazilian cults and then to West
Africa. In Haiti, I demonstrated for some drummers several
Yeve Cult rhythms which were familiar enough to have
Haitian names…” (Chernoff, African Rhythm and African
Sensibility, p. 29).
David Byrne of Talking Heads produced a documentary
film, The House of Life (1981), on THE DRUMMING AND
CHANTING RITUALS OF THE AFRICAN-ROOTED
RELIGION CANDOMBLE in Brazil, during which the
followers are taken over by their gods. “If you go back in the
403
history of American popular music, you’re constantly finding
elements of Yoruba [voodoo] influence. The RHYTHMS are
there… Even Little Richard. If you grow up with that, you’ve
already got a taste of it. So when you see Candomble, you say
to yourself, ‘hey, this is part of where it all comes
from’” (Byrne, Rolling Stone, July 13-27, 1989, p. 78).
Before his death, Brian Jones of the Rolling Stones spent
time in Africa recording the trance music of Moroccan
dervish brotherhoods, “who were reported to heal sickness
and soothe troubled minds with their HYPNOTIC
DRUM M I N G , s i n g s on g d ron e , an d b lu e s y lut e
playing” (Stairway to Heaven, p. 178). Jones “trekked into the
Rif foothills south of Tangier to capture the ancient MUSIC,
OFFERED TO THE GOAT DEITY PAN, and for the next
several months lost himself in producing what would
eventually become the posthumously released Brian Jones
Presents the Pipes of Pan at Jajouka” (Ibid.).
David Szatmary’s A Time to Rock: A Social History of Rock
‘n’ Roll traces rock to African rhythms. Under the section on
“the Birth of the Blues,” this secular rock historian says: “THE
BLUES WERE AN INDIGENOUS CREATION OF BLACK
SLAVES WHO ADAPTED THEIR AFRICAN MUSICAL
HERITAGE TO THE AMERICAN ENVIRONMENT.
Though taking many forms and undergoing many
permutations through the years, the blues formed the basis of
rock-and-roll. … Probably most important, the slaves,
accustomed to dancing and singing to the beat of drums in
Africa, EMPHASIZED RHYTHM OVER HARMONY” (A
Time to Rock, p. 2).
Mickey Hart, drummer for the Grateful Dead, has studied
the connection between rock music and African paganism
extensively. He says that rock and roll is “the latest extension
of the African backbeat” (Drumming at the Edge of Magic, p.
64). He says that the “mother rhythms from West Africa
mutated into rock and roll” (p. 91). He traces a direct
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connection between rock & roll and the rhythms of witch
doctors and voodoo practitioners.
“… when the slave ships began plying the waters
between the New World and West Africa, everyone
thought they carried just strong, expendable bodies. But
they were also carrying the Counterplayer culture—
maybe even the mother goddess culture—preserved in
the form of drum rhythms that could call down the
Orisha from their time to ours. In the Caribbean and
South America, slaves were allowed to keep their drums
and thus preserved their vital connection with the
Orisha, though the sudden mingling of so many
different tribes produced new variations like candomble,
santeria, and vodun. … AND OUT OF THIS
SEVERING CAME JAZZ, THE BLUES, THE
BACKBEAT, RHYTHM AND BLUES, AND ROCK
AND ROLL—SOME OF THE MOST POWERFUL
RHYTHMS ON THE PLANET. … It is hard to pinpoint
the exact moment when I awoke to the fact that my
tradition—rock and roll—did have a spirit side, that
there was a branch of the family that had maintained the
ancient connection between the drum and the
gods” (Mickey Hart, drummer for the Grateful Dead,
Drumming at the Edge of Magic, pp. 209, 210, 212).
Michael D’Angelo Archer’s 1999 album is entitled Voodoo.
He says he called it that “because the myriad influences found
on it can be traced through the blues and back deeper in
history through songs sung … in religious [voodoo]
ceremonies” (USA Today, Jan. 25, 2000, p. D2). Thus Archer
readily acknowledges the intimate connection between
African pagan religions and today’s rock music.
Music is not neutral. There is music that encourages
demonic activity, and there is music that encourages Holy
Spirit activity. There is music that ministers to the carnal side
of man, and there is music that ministers to the spiritual side
of man.
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Rock music has always been associated with the carnal and
demonic. It has no legitimate place in Christian life and
ministry.
“Ye cannot drink the cup of the Lord, and the cup of
devils: ye cannot be partakers of the Lord's table, and of
the table of devils. Do we provoke the Lord to jealousy?
are we stronger than he?” (1 Corinthians 10:21-22).
“For the flesh lusteth against the Spirit, and the Spirit
against the flesh: and these are contrary the one to the
other: so that ye cannot do the things that ye
would” (Galatians 5:17).
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Rock Music and Insanity
It cannot be disputed that a spirit of insanity accompanies
rock & roll music more than any other in modern times.
Since the 1950s, rockers have thumbed their noses at God’s
holy laws, proclaiming, “I’m free to do what I want, any old
time.” The reality has been anything but freedom.
Consider the turmoil that envelops the lives of a large
percentage of rock and roll musicians, the countless untimely
deaths, the broken marriages, and the mental instability, even
pure insanity, that has accompanied this music.
While it is true that the following cases are often associated
with drug and alcohol abuse, it is the rock & roll philosophy
of “don’t let anybody tell you what to do” that is the
underlying culprit.
The following examples are only the tip of the iceberg.
Thousands of other members of the blues, jazz, and rock &
roll industry have been incarcerated in psychological
institutions, undergone psychological counseling, and in
other ways demonstrated serious mental imbalance.
G.G. ALLIN was arrested more than 50 times for
attempted murder, assault and battery, public lewdness,
inciting a riot, indecent exposure, endangering lives, etc.
(Pamela Des Barres, Rock Bottom: Dark Moments in Music
Babylon, p. 293). He treated his audiences to nudity, assault,
defecation, urination, sexual acts with dead animals, eating
feces, bashing out his teeth, eating his own flesh, breaking his
own bones, setting himself on fire, slicing himself up with
broken bottles, knocking himself unconscious, and other
insane things. When Allin died in June 1993 at age 36 of a
heroin overdose, his brother, Merle, said G.G. would have
been disappointed to die that way because he was planning to
die on stage and kill many people in the audience at the same
time.
407
SYD BARRETT, founder of Pink Floyd, consumed endless
“hits” of LSD and was turned into a near vegetable. During
his last days with the band, he was described as having
“completely changed, he just looked like there was nobody
home” (Richie Unterberger, Unknown Legends of Rock ‘n’ Roll,
p. 111). During concerts he would merely stand on stage in a
catatonic state, “playing one note, or playing nothing at all.”
He has spent time in a mental ward and lives as a complete
recluse. He beat his girlfriend with a mandolin and kept her
locked in a room for three days.
GRAHAM BOND, one of the pioneers of jazz-rock in
B r i t a i n , w a s o ft e n “a b u s i v e , c r u e l , a n d s e l f destructive” (Unknown Legends of Rock ‘n’ Roll, p. 28). He
claimed to be the son of Satanist Aleister Crowley. Together
with his first wife, Diane Stewart, he formed a band called
Holy Magick, named after Crowley’s sorcery. He was
incarcerated briefly in a mental hospital. A biography by
Harry Shapiro, The Mighty Shadow, says Bond’s life was
characterized by wild mood swings and obsession with the
occult. In May 1974, he committed suicide at age 36 by
throwing himself under the wheels of a London underground
train at the Finsbury Park Station.
In the mid-1970s, DAVID BOWIE became a drug-crazed
recluse. His life at that time was described in the following
terms: “Friends who visited Bowie in Los Angeles reported
that he was living in a room with the curtains permanently
drawn, a bowl of cocaine prominently displayed on the coffee
table. Scattered around the floor were books of occultism and
mysticism. On the walls he’d scrawled magic pentagrams as
protection against the curses he believed had been uttered
against him. So convinced did he become that black
magicians were planning to destroy him that he hired a white
witch to perform an exorcism involving the burning of blue
and white candles and the sprinkling of salt” (Steve Turner,
408
The late “Soul Man” JAMES BROWN spent many years
storming about in a drug-crazed rage. In the 1980s, for
example, he threw his third wife, Adrienne’s, fur coats on the
lawn and blasted them with a shotgun (Moser, Rock Stars, p.
33). In 1988 Brown was arrested and charged with assault
with intent to murder Adrienne, though she later withdrew
the assault charge. In September of that year, Brown allegedly
threatened a group of people with a shotgun, then led police
on a high-speed interstate car chase that resulted in a six-year
prison term. He was paroled in 1991 after two years behind
bars. In January 1998, he was in a hospital under treatment
for addiction to painkillers (Bill Harry, Whatever Happened
to, p. 38). Brown was arrested eight times, convicted thrice,
and spent a total of five years in jail.
In 1972 RANDY CALIFORNIA (Randolph Wolfe), who
was given his name when playing in Jimi Hendrix’s band, had
a nervous breakdown (Whatever Happened to, p. 221) and
tried to commit suicide by jumping off the Waterloo Bridge
in London, England (Nick Talevski, Encyclopedia of Rock
Obituaries).
In 1977, ALICE COOPER (real name Vince Furnier)
committed himself to a psychiatric treatment facility to gain
control over his drunkenness. He had sung about insanity
and gloried in insane subjects in his music and concerts, and
it is not surprising that he ended up in an insane asylum,
unable even to write his own name. After three months of
therapy, it was determined that he had to put aside the Alice
Cooper character. The following is how Furnier described his
transformation into the demented Alice Cooper persona
portrayed during his rock concerts: “I get all my Alice drag
[female clothing] on, and then nobody’s allowed in for an
hour before I go on stage. That’s when I do my
transformation into Alice. Nobody knows where he comes
from, but he shows up every night in my dressing
room” (Alice Cooper, Concert Shots, November 1987, p. 10).
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He later said, “When I assumed the character I had no idea
what I’m gonna do, because it was not me.”
DEF LEPPARD’s drummer, Rick Allen, was arrested for
grabbing his wife around the neck and dragging her in a
violent drunken rage. In an interview with VH1’s “Behind the
Music,” Allen said he has to keep busy days (1998) because
otherwise he hears voices that tell him to do bad things. Def
Leppard guitarist Steve Clark was found comatose in a gutter
in 1989 and was admitted to a psychiatric hospital.
Two members of DEPECHE MODE have undergone
psychiatric treatment. Andrew Fletcher had a nervous
breakdown in 1993, and Dave Gahan attempted suicide and
entered a psychiatric ward for a week in 1995.
NICK DRAKE, influential songwriter and recording artist
whose songs have been recorded by Elton John and many
others, suffered severe depression much of his life. After the
production of his third album in 1972, he became more
withdrawn than ever and spent time in a psychiatric facility.
He began taking anti-depression medication in 1973, and in
November 1974 he committed suicide by an overdose of this
drug.
ROCKY ERIKSON of 13th Floor Elevators was
incarcerated in the Rusk State Hospital (Texas) for the
criminally insane in 1969 at age 22. He spent three years
there. “Some years later, interviewed on radio, Erikson
claimed to be interested only in horror and the Devil and
denied ever having been in the Elevators” (Harry Shapiro,
Waiting for the Man, p. 143). In 1982 he proclaimed himself
inhabited by a Martian, though he later said he didn’t mean
it. In 1984 he ceased recording. “He may not have died, but
his mind, to most outward appearances, was fried” (Richie
Unterberger, Unknown Legends of Rock ‘n’ Roll, p. 124).
Insanity has pursued FLEETWOOD MAC guitarists.
Peter Green “took LSD and went on a 25-year trip. He was
sent to a mental hospital after attacking his manager with a
gun. He was diagnosed as a schizophrenic and spent 10 years
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under psychiatric treatment. He wore white robes and fought
to give all the band’s money away to charity” (Margaret
Moser, Rock Stars Do the Dumbest Things, p. 74). By the end
of the 1980s “tabloids were reporting that the former guitar
god was sleeping without a roof over his head” (Unknown
Legends, p. 121). He also lived with his parents and “was
sleeping for up to 20 hours a day” (Whatever Happened to, p.
76). In the 1990s Green returned to playing in a low-key
fashion. Fleetwood Mac guitarist Danny Kirwan was
admitted to a psychiatric institution in 1972 after bashing his
head against the wall, smashing his guitar, and being unable
to perform his music.
By 1984 “periods of deep depression and thoughts of
suicide haunted MARVIN GAYE” and continued to do so
“for the rest of his life” (Nikki Corvette, Rock ‘n’ Roll Heaven,
p. 57). At one point he locked himself in his apartment with a
loaded gun and threatened to kill himself or anyone who
entered the room. He had squandered his music fortune and
fled from the IRS to Hawaii, where “he lived for a time in a
converted bread truck” (Davin Seay, Stairway to Heaven, p.
105). Gaye finally had a complete mental breakdown and
moved back to his mother’s house. “He stayed in bed all day,
frozen with fear, waiting for the Devil. He wanted his mother
to sleep by his side every night. Strange people kept coming
by, selling him drugs and all kinds of guns. He spent hours
sitting against the wall holding a pistol. . . . His mother,
Alberta, told David Ritz that Marvin roughed up a couple of
women who came to pay him a visit. . . . With the shades
always drawn, Marvin snorted coke and watched
pornography” (Rock Bottom, p. 116). Marvin Gaye died on
April Fools Day, 1984 at age 44. He was shot to death during
an argument with his father, with whom he had quarreled
since his teenage years.
Two members of the gangsta rap group GETO GOYS have
had psychological problems. Scarface (real name Brad
Jordon) is “a suicide-prone manic-depressive who spent two
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of his teenage years in a mental ward.” In May 1991,
Bushwick Bill (real name Richard Shaw) talked his 17-yearold girlfriend into shooting him by threatening to kill their
child if she didn’t. She shot him in his eye, which he lost.
Before his death of a heroin overdose at age 31 in 1995,
DWAYNE GOETTEL, of the Canadian punk rock group
Skinny Puppy, had “became erratic and self-destructive,
sometimes cutting himself up with strings of barbed
wire” (Alan Cross, Over the Edge, p. 158).
Drummer JIM GORDON, a member of Eric Clapton’s
Derek and the Dominos and one of the most famous rock
session drummers, murdered his 72-year-old mother in June
1983 by hitting her with a hammer and then stabbing her. He
was heavily addicted to heroin, cocaine, and alcohol and had
heard voices for years. He claimed that the voice of his
mother tormented him day and night, and he had threatened
to kill her previously. He had checked into psychiatric
hospitals 14 times seeking help. He claimed that he killed his
mother at the urging of voices that told him how to silence
his mother’s voice in his head. In 1984 he was found guilty of
second-degree murder and sentenced to 16 years to life in
prison. He continued to play drums in prison.
Pioneer rocker BILL HALEY’S records sold 60 million
copies during his lifetime, but the money and fame did not
save him from insanity. His return to Nashville in 1973 to
film Just Rock and Roll Music was a fiasco. He was mean and
violent toward his band, breaking furniture, and such things,
and he “was run out of Nashville in disgrace” (John Swenson,
Bill Haley: The Daddy of Rock and Roll, p. 148). On a
European tour in 1979, reports came back that he assaulted
fans and disrobed onstage. He became increasingly paranoid,
depressed, and psychotic as the years passed. “Police would
often find him wandering aimlessly after nightfall, lost on
some remote country lane, delirious, incoherent, suffering
from amnesia.” He moved into the garage, painted the
windows black, and installed floodlights outside to ward off
412
imagined enemies. Even to his own children he told wild
tales about being in the Marines and being a deputy sheriff,
though he had never done those things. Before his death he
would visit restaurants and show the waitresses and various
customers his driver’s license, telling them he was Bill Haley.
“He died, out of his mind, in Harlingen, Texas, on February 9,
1981” (Nick Tosches, Unsung Heroes of Rock ‘n’ Roll, p. 108).
He was 55 years old.
On a tour with the Beastie Boys in 1994, H.R. HUDSON
of Bad Brains “showed signs of instability, due possibly to
anxiety, drugs, or a more serious mental condition” (Roni
Sarig, The Secret History of Rock, p. 250). During a
performance in Kansas, he smashed the base of a steel
microphone stand over a fan’s head. The youth sustained
severe head injuries and barely survived, and H.R. spent a
month in jail for this vicious act.
The strangeness of MICHAEL JACKSON, the King of
Pop, is the stuff of legend. Until he had to move out for
nonpayment of his debts he lived on a 2700-acre ranch in
California, “complete with Ferris wheel, an exotic menagerie,
a movie theater, and a security staff of 40 (Eric Barger, From
Rock to Rock: The Music of Darkness Exposed, p. 16). For a
while Jackson kept six mannequins in his room; each had a
name, and he conversed with them. Through the years, he has
changed his facial appearance by surgery to create a sexually
ambiguous appearance. He has “had at least six nose jobs,
several face lifts, fat suctioned from his cheeks, bone grafted
onto his cheekbones, a ‘forehead lift’ to raise his eyebrows,
and several eye jobs” (Moser, Rock Stars Do the Dumbest
Things, p. 94). In 1993, Jackson was charged with child
molestation, and the case was eventually settled out of court
with the payment of a large amount of money. Jackson
protested his innocence, but his sister reported that he used
to spend the night with young boys in his room (Rolling Stone
Encyclopedia, p. 486).
413
RICHEY JAMES of the British punk band Manic Street
Preachers disappeared in February 1995 at age 26 and is
assumed dead. “The alcoholic and anorexic James kept his
word and vanished, perhaps affected by Kurt Cobain’s
suicide” (Penguin Encyclopedia).
It is probable that he
jumped off the Severn Bridge into fast-moving currents. His
car was found near the bridge. One of James’ last songs is
about a photographer who killed himself. James had been
very sick for a long time. He frequently mutilated himself
with knives. “While most people are content to pass the time
watching TV or reading a book, Richey would absentmindedly carve up his arms with a knife” (Alan Cross, Over
the Edge: The Revolution and Evolution of New Rock, p. 232).
During an interview in May 1991, he carved the words
4REAL in his arm with a razor blade. He would also
extinguish burning cigarettes on his skin. He was admitted to
the Cardiff Hospital in the summer of 1994 because he feared
that he was going insane.
In the late 1960s, after playing in the rock band Attila,
BILLY JOEL attempted suicide and committed himself to a
mental hospital for three weeks.
Rocker DANIEL JOHNSON, a cult figure in rock music
circles (Kurt Cobain wore a Johnson T-shirt) who has been
described as “a manic depressive genius,” was suffering severe
bouts of depression and “demons of mental illness” by his
high school years. He began writing rock songs while in
college. By 1986 he followed in the footsteps of his heroes, the
Beatles, and began using the powerful hallucinogenic drug
LSD. He suffered a complete mental breakdown and had to
return home to his parents. By 1990 he believed he was on a
mission of world salvation. He “became combative with his
label and incoherent in concert.” He then spent more time in
a psychiatric hospital. A biography on the Internet says, “The
90’s were difficult for Daniel, but will probably be regarded as
the years when medical relief was achieved. Modern
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medications eventually achieved stability.” This “stability” is
debatable.
GEORGE JONES spent a few weeks in an Alabama mental
hospital because of drug abuse, and it was not his last visit to
such institutions (Nicholas Dawidoff, In the Country of
Country, p. 196).
There were many evidences of insanity during JOHN
LENNON’S final years. The following information is from
two biographies: Lennon in America by Geoffrey Giuliano
(New York: Cooper Square Press, 2000) and Nowhere Man:
The Final Days of John Lennon by Rosen, Robert (New York:
Softskull Press, 2000). In the early 1970s, Lennon and Yoko
underwent psychological therapy at the Primal Institute in
California. Dr. Janov testified: “John was simply not
functioning. He really needed help” (Giuliano, p. 18). The
therapy consisted of giving oneself over to hysterical
outbursts in an attempt to purge the psyche. Lennon would
scream and wail, weep, and roll on the floor. “John eventually
confessed to several dark sexual impulses: he wanted to be
spanked or whipped and he was drawn to the notion of
having a spiked boot heel driven into him. . . . Later in his
life, John gathered together a collection of S&M-inspired
manikins, which he kept tucked away in the bowels of the
Dakota. These dummies, adorned with whips and chains, also
had their hands and feet manacled. John’s violent sexual
impulses troubled Yoko” (Giuliano, p. 19). Lennon was
plagued by nightmares from which he awoke in terror
(Giuliano, pp. 83, 137, 142). Lennon was obsessed with his
weight and when he found himself overeating he would hide
in the master bedroom and force himself to vomit (Giuliano,
p. 92). After the couple moved into the Dakota apartments in
New York City in 1973, Lennon spent most of the time
locked indoors. He referred to himself as Greta Hughes,
referring to Greta Garbo and Howard Hughes, famous
recluses. “More and more, the increasingly reclusive Lennon
began to shun his friends. . . . Lennon’s anxieties were rapidly
415
getting the better of him. . . . Everybody’s working-class hero
was sliding steadily into a morass of hopelessness and
solemnity” (Giuliano, pp. 84, 97, 105). He “quietly slipped
into a dark hibernation,” spending entire days in bed
(Giuliano, p. 129). To help him conquer his $700 per day
heroin habit, Yoko introduced him to a form of therapy
involving self-hypnosis and “past-life regression.” He thought
he was actually traveling back into his past lives. In one
session he discovered that he had been a Neanderthal man.
In another, he was involved in the Crusades during the Dark
Ages. Lennon was so paranoid that when he visited Hong
Kong in 1976, he did not leave his hotel suite for three days.
He thought he had multiple personalities, and he would lie
down and imagine that his various personalities were in other
parts of the room talking to him. “In doing so, Lennon was in
such a state of mind that the slightest noise or shadow would
terrify him” (Giuliano, p. 122). When he went out into the
crowds he would hear “a cacophony of terrible voices in his
head” which filled him with terror. When he returned to New
York, he became a virtual hermit, “retreating to his room,
sleeping his days away, mindlessly standing at the window
watching the rain. Once Yoko found him staring off into
space groaning that there was no place he could go where he
didn’t feel abandoned and isolated…” (Giuliano, p. 142). In
1978 Lennon “locked himself into his pristine, white-bricked,
white-carpeted Dakota bedroom. Lying on the bed, he chainsmoked Gitane cigarettes and stared blankly at his giant
television, while the muted phone at his side was lit by calls
he never took. . . . he stayed in a dark room with the curtains
drawn…” (Giuliano, pp. 173, 174). By 1979, at age 31, “John
Lennon was already an old man haunted by his past and
frightened by the future” (Giuliano, p. 177). He swung
radically “from snappy impatience to bouts of uncontrolled
weeping” and could only sleep with the aid of narcotics. Yoko
talked Lennon into visiting their Virginia farm in 1979, but
he became so paranoid and shaken from the brief excursion
416
into the public (they rode a train) that when they arrived
back at their home in New York he “erupted violently,
reducing the apartment to a shambles.” The man who is
acclaimed as the towering genius behind the Beatles had “all
but lost his creative drive and confessed he’d sunk so low he
had even become terrified of composing” (Giuliano, p. 130).
Rock pioneer JERRY LEE LEWIS has exhibited a near
insane lifestyle throughout his long career. In February 1952,
when he was only 16, he married a girl named Dorothy, a
preacher’s daughter, but he would not stay home with her and
she left him in early 1953. That summer he met 17-year-old
Jane Mitcham and she was soon pregnant with his child out
of wedlock. He was forced to marry her by her irate father
and brothers, and the marriage was registered on September
10, 1953. The 17-year-old Jerry Lee was a bigamist, because
he was still legally married to Dorothy. The divorce was not
finalized until a month after his second marriage. In 1957,
while still married to Jane, Lewis began an affair with his 13year-old cousin Myra Gale. He was still legally married to
Jane, in fact, when he married Myra Gale in December 1957.
The divorce was not granted until May 1958. Thus by age 25,
Jerry Lee Lewis had been a bigamist two times over. In 1971,
he married his fourth wife, a 29-year-old Memphis woman
named Jaren Elizabeth Gunn Pate. They separated after only
two weeks and spent more time apart than together during
their stormy marriage. Jaren filed for divorce at least three
times, charging him with “cruel and inhuman treatment,
adultery, habitual drunkenness, and habitual use of drugs.”
Shortly before the divorce settlement in 1982, she drowned in
a swimming pool under mysterious circumstances. Jerry’s
sister Linda Gail says Jaren took an overdose of drugs. Lewis’s
drummer, Robert “Tarp” Tarrant, had a nervous breakdown
when he was only 22 because of his heavy drinking and drug
abuse. In 1973, Lewis jabbed the editor of Country Music
magazine in the neck with a broken bottle when he took
offense at one of the interviewer’s questions (Nick Tosches,
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Country: The Twisted Roots of Rock, p. 85). In 1974 he
smashed a fan in the face with a whiskey bottle and “cut the
guy’s face all up to pieces.” In 1975 Jerry Lee shot 25 holes
through his office door with a .45 semi-automatic handgun.
Jerry Lee was particularly out of control in 1976. In
September he shot his bass player, Norman Owens, in the
chest with a .357 magnum handgun. Owens survived, and
Lewis lamely said it was an accident. A week later Lewis was
arrested at his home for disorderly conduct. He had been
shouting obscenities at his neighbors. In November of 1976
he drove to the gate of Elvis Presley’s Graceland, brandished
a .38-caliber derringer and drunkenly told the security guard
he was there to kill Elvis. Twenty-four hours earlier Lewis
had overturned his $46,000 Rolls-Royce and was charged
with reckless driving, driving while intoxicated, and driving
without a license. In 1979 Lewis got into a fight onstage with
a fan in Australia and suffered fractured ribs. In 1983, about a
year after his fourth wife drowned in the swimming pool,
Jerry Lee married his fifth wife, 25-year-old Shawn Michelle
Stephens. Less than three months after the wedding she was
found dead in their home. After a superficial investigation,
the death was ruled a suicide by overdose of methadone pills
and Lewis was not charged with foul play, though Shawn
Michelle was found lying in their bed in a bruised condition
with blood on her body and under her fingernails. There was
also “the permeation of fresh, small bloodstains around
Lewis’ Mississippi home.” A few months later the 49-year-old
Jerry Lee married his sixth wife, 22-year-old Kerrie Lynn
McCarver.
Mass murderer and rock musician CHARLES MANSON
led an immoral, drug-crazed hippie cult in the 1960s, and he
and his followers murdered from 35 to 40 people (Vincent
Bugliosi, Helter Skelter, pp. 641-652). The most notorious of
their murders was that of pregnant actress Sharon Tate and
four others on August 9, 1969, and an elderly couple, the
LaBiancas, the following night. The murders were especially
418
brutal. The seven victims were stabbed 169 times. In his
delusion, Manson thought he could start a racial holocaust of
blacks rising up against the white establishment in America.
He called this racial Armageddon “Helter Skelter.” Many of
Manson’s followers believed he was Christ. There are many
connections between Charles Manson and rock music.
Manson was obsessed with the Beatles and listened to their
White album repeatedly, especially the songs “Revolution 9,”
“Helter Skelter,” and “Piggies.” When Manson’s “troops”
followed his orders to brutally murder Sharon Tate and
others, they wrote the words “Helter Skelter,” “pig,” and other
slogans on the walls in their victims’ blood. He viewed the
Beatles as prophets and even as “the four horsemen of the
Apocalypse” from the book of Revelation. Manson himself
plays rock music and recorded a demonstration record with
the Beach Boys’ Dennis Wilson. The Manson family lived
with Wilson for several months. Manson’s song “Cease to
Exist” was recorded by the Beach Boys under the title “Never
Learn Not to Love” and appeared on the B side of their 1968
record Bluebirds over the Mountain. The Manson song later
appeared on the Beach Boys album 20/20. Guns n’ Roses’
1993 album, The Spaghetti Incident, contained the song “Look
at Your Game, Girl,” which was penned by Manson. As of
1994, there were at least 72 British and European rock bands
playing Manson’s songs (Helter Skelter, p. 666). In January
1994 there was an all-Manson rock concert in London,
attended by 2,000 people. The name of the rocker Marilyn
Manson is from a combination of Marilyn Monroe, the
movie star who committed suicide, and serial killer Charles
Manson. Marilyn Manson’s debut album was recorded in the
house where Sharon Tate and four others were murdered. The
house was purchased by Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails,
who helped produce the Marilyn Manson album. He built a
recording studio that he called “Le Pig.” In January 1994
Reznor recorded his album Downward Spiral there.
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JOE MEEK, rock producer called by The All Music Guide
to Rock “an inimitable figure of early British rock ‘n’ roll,” shot
his landlady to death before turning the shotgun on himself
in February 1966 at age 33. Though the 1962 hit song
“Telstar” made a fortune, Meek died penniless (One Hit
Wonders, p. 144). The murder-suicide occurred after police
questioned Meek about the dismembered body of a
wear” (Penguin Encyclopedia of Popular Music). “Meek’s
tantrums were the stuff of legend—Dangerfield remembers
him throwing telephones at musicians with whom he was
displeased, and Lawrence recalls how he’d go into fits and
lock the doors to his studio for a week or so” (Unknown
Legends of Rock ‘n’ Roll, p. 148).
KEITH MOON, drummer for The Who, exhibited
psychotic behaviour. He once drove a Lincoln Continental
into a swimming pool. He destroyed hotel rooms, chopping
one to bits with a hatchet, destroying the bed, chairs,
television, dresser, doors, everything. Before his death in
1978 at age 31 from a drug overdose, he had become so
strange and unpredictable that he was checked into a hospital
“for psychiatric evaluation.” On one airline flight, he charged
into the cockpit, drummed on the flight engineer’s table, and
attacked a stewardess. In 1976, Moon drove his Rolls Royce
over his chauffeur, Cornelius Boland, and killed him.
JIM MORRISON’S life as a rock & roll musician reads like
that of a maniac: constant drunkenness, public nakedness,
daily acid trips, destruction of private property, lewd public
conduct, beating his girlfriends, threatening people with
violence, stealing things even from his friends, cursing,
blaspheming, lying, vandalizing public property. He was
arrested for lewd behavior and profane and indecent
language at a concert in Miami, Florida. One time he drove
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through four red lights on Sunset Boulevard going about 100
miles per hour (Rock Bottom: Dark Moments in Music
Babylon, p. 200). At the urging of his girlfriend, Morrison saw
a psychiatrist at least two times (Ibid., p. 195). Morrison
admitted that he had to drink “to silence the constant voices
of the demons” (James Riordin, Break on Through: The Life
and Death of Jim Morrison, p. 23). The Door’s photographer,
Frank Lisciandro, stated that, “Jim drank to quiet the
ceaseless clamor of the demons, ghosts and spirits. He drank
because there were demons and voices and spirits shouting
inside of his head and he found that one of the ways to quell
them was with alcohol” (Ibid., p. 28).
BOB MOSLEY, an original member of Moby Grape, was
discovered by Peter Lewis (who was also an original Moby
Grape guitarist) in the early 1990s “living homeless by the
side of a San Diego freeway” (Unknown Legends, p. 154).
NINA NAGEN is a German rocker who sings “about God
and flying saucers in an operatic punk howl.” She says that
she saw her first witch sitting under the table when she was
three years old. “At age 17 she had an ‘out of the body
experience’ during an acid trip, at which time (she claims)
that a representative of God named Micky ‘borrowed’ the
body of the non-tripping friend taking care of her. Nina and
God had a talk. Since that time, Hagen’s albums and life have
been filled with her version of [the Deity]” (Creem, August
1984, p. 15, cited by Jacob Aranza, More Rock, Country &
Backward Masking Unmasked, p. 87).
In 1993, Irish rocker SINEAD O’CONNOR had a nervous
breakdown and attempted suicide. She went into psychiatric
therapy.
PHIL OCHS, well-known folk-rock singer/songwriter and
friend of Bob Dylan, hung himself in April l976 at age 35. He
had long been plagued by severe alcoholism and
psychological problems.
OZZY OSBOURNE was a drug-crazed wild man during
his Black Sabbath days. He dressed in women’s garments at
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times and stripped off most of his clothes during concerts.
One time he took an axe and chopped down every door in
his house (People, Sept. 1, 1981). He and his first wife,
Thelma, kept chickens, but he shot all of them with a
shotgun. He dragged Thelma around by the hair. He was
banned from performing at city facilities in San Antonio,
Texas, because he urinated on the Alamo in 1982 while
dressed in his wife’s dress. (Ten years later he donated $20,000
to the Daughters of the Republic of Texas for restoration of
the Alamo and was allowed to perform again.) He watched
the Exorcist movie 26 times (Circus, Oct. 31, 1975). By 1979
he was so incoherent from drug and alcohol abuse that could
not function and was asked to leave the group. The next three
months he locked himself away in a hotel room and was
spending $1,000 a day on drugs. He was rescued from certain
destruction when Sharon Arden visited him, talked him into
accompanying her back to England, then managed him in a
solo rock career. He later married Arden, but his weirdness
and evil image did not stop with his second marriage. At a
1981 CBS executive meeting, Osbourne bit the head off a live
dove and spit it on the table. On his 1982 “Diary of a
Madman” tour he bit the head off a live bat and had to
undergo a series of rabies vaccinations. Osbourne’s
outrageous drug abuse did not stop, either. In 1989, he was
charged with threatening to kill his wife during a drug rage.
Today, by his own admission, he maintains something of an
even keel by means of Prozac. Osborne admitted, “I’ve got
many, many demons that affect me on many, many
levels” (Harry Shaw, Ozzy Talking, p. 126). Osborne further
admitted, “I remember sitting through the Exorcist a dozen
times, saying to myself, ‘Yeah, I can relate to that’” (Hit
Parader, Nov. 1984, p. 49).
JACO PASTORIUS, bass guitarist for Weather Report, was
once confined in the psychiatric ward of Bellevue Hospital in
New York.
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THOMAS WAYNE PERKINS (1940-1971) died in 1971 at
age 31 when he drove his automobile across four lanes of
traffic, over a median, and slammed into an oncoming car, an
apparent suicide. “His behavior had grown more and more
erratic over the years.” Before he died he confessed to a friend
that he had attempted suicide at least once before when he
parked his car across both lanes of an interstate highway at
night and turned off his lights. The first person on the scene
was a highway patrolman who arrested him and ordered a
psychiatric evaluation (Scotty Moore, That’s Alright, Elvis, p.
219).
Punk rocker IGGY POP committed himself to a mental
hospital in the mid-1970s. His vile music is about rage and
nihilism. He testified, “I am totally into corruption” (Creem,
November 1979, p. 27). “Over the years, his notoriety grew
with deeds such as threatening and vilifying audiences,
cutting himself with broken bottles, pouring hot wax over his
body, intentionally smashing out his teeth, and throwing up,
even urinating on audiences…” (The Rock Who’s Who, 1982,
p. 576, cited by Why Knock Rock? p. 187).
LOU REED, “the God-father of punk rock,” even in high
school was subject to mood swings so severe that his parents
committed him to psychiatric therapy and he underwent
electroshock. He got out of his ROTC commitment at college
by pointing an unloaded gun at the head of his commanding
officer (Night Beat, p. 105). “Lou Reed is the guy that gave
dignity and poetry and rock ‘n’ roll to smack, speed,
homosexuality, sadomasochism, murder, misogyny,
stumblebum passivity, and suicide…” (Lester Bangs, Creem).
In 1991 AXL ROSE of Guns n’ Roses underwent
psychotherapy and since then has lived a reclusive life and is
rarely seen in public. He has spent 13 years working on his
latest album. No one is allowed in the recording studio unless
he first submits a photo and is approved by a psychic.
DEL SHANNON, who had the 1961 hit “Runaway,”
became extremely depressed and began taking Prozac, but it
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didn’t solve the problem. In February 1990 Shannon shot
himself in the head with a .22 caliber handgun. He was 50
years old.
In the 1990s DEE SNIDER of Twisted Sister told VH1 that
the reason he dressed as a woman is that he had a “severe
psychological problem” (Bad Boys, VH1). Snider admits that
he became “dark.” “I was the most obnoxious, egocentric,
irritating ## you ever saw. I walked into the Palladium and it
was, ‘Get out of the way! You are near the next superstar of
this planet.’ Evil is not the word for what I became, but just ...
dark. My whole mind was dark. Night after night I was a real
horror show. I had a bodyguard, and he was dark, and I was
dark, and we just walked around being dark” (Dee Snider,
cited by Toby Goldstein, Twisted Sister, 1989, p. 13). “I tap
into everything negative in my personality. I think about the
things I hate, the things I’m angry about. I let it all out—I
curse, scream, roll around—and afterwards, I feel good” (Dee
Snider, Record, December 1984, p. 37).
PHIL SPECTOR, the legendary rock producer who
created the “wall of sound” effect that helped change pop
music in the 1960s, is infamous for his trigger temper, for
shooting off guns, and for other bizarre, near-psychotic
behavior. One person who was present during Spector’s
recording sessions with John Lennon testified: “John was
mostly disgusted by Phil and his guns. There’s a famous story
of how he shot a hole in the roof of the recording
studio” (“Spector Case ‘Victim’ Speaks from the Grave,”
FoxNews.com, Feb. 4, 2003). Even in the 1970s, Spector was
dressing up like Batman, according to his 1977 interview with
the Los Angeles Times. Spector’s last major album was in 1980,
and during that recording session, which was with the
Ramones, Spector pulled a gun on the band (Toronto Star,
Feb. 3, 2003). In an interview with the London Daily
Telegraph in early January 2003, Spector said, “I have a
bipolar personality ... I have devils inside that fight me. ... I’ve
been a very tortured soul. I have not been at peace with
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myself.” He said that he has feared that his daughter would
grow up “unwell herself ” and be attracted to “men like that”
who are “psychotic or cuckoo.” He said, “I can’t stand to be
talked about. I can’t stand to be looked at. I can’t stand to be
photographed.” Spector’s former wife, Ronnie, said there were
“two Phil Spectors,” one who was charming and “gets
everyone laughing ... But I've seen the dark rage that can
suddenly rise out of nowhere in the dead of night when the
gates to the mansion are closed and locked tight, and that
Phil Spector is terrifying” (“Be My Baby, Spector Begs Ex,”
The Australian, March 19, 2007). Spector produced the
Beatles’ Let It Be album, George Harrison’s Concert for
Bangladesh, John Lennons’ Rock ‘n’ Roll, and rock classics
such as “Be My Baby” and “You’ve Lost that Lovin’ Feeling.”
As of March 2007 Spector was being tried for the murder of
Lana Clarkson, who died in his home of a gunshot wound in
February 2003.
ALEXANDER “SKIP” SPENCE, original drummer for
the Jefferson Airplane and guitarist for Moby Grape, took
hundreds of LSD trips and finally went insane. After a bad
acid trip in New York City, he went to the Albert Hotel with
an axe in search of drummer Don Stevenson, claiming that
voices told him Stevenson was possessed by the Devil. He was
incarcerated in the famous New York mental institution,
Bellevue Hospital, for six months. In 1969 Spence
“disappeared into the bowels of the California state mental
health system” (Richie Unterberger, Unknown Legends of
Rock ‘n’ Roll, p. 149). In 1994 he was “diagnosed paranoid
schizophrenic taking anti-psychotic drugs, given to hearing
voices and talking to himself ” (Ibid., p. 153). In 1996 David
Szatmary wrote that “the scraggly, unwashed ex-rock star
lives in San Jose, where he spends his seven-dollar-a-day
allowance from the state. At night, when he does not confine
himself to the psychiatric ward of the San Jose hospital,
Spence stays alone in a dingy, rundown room in Maas Hotel.
Sometimes he speaks to Joan of Arc. Once in a while he is
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visited by Clark Kent, who the drummer/guitarist finds to be
‘civilized, decent and a genius.’ And on a few thick, intense,
San Jose summer nights, Spence meets his ‘master,’ who
materializes with startling revelations. Says Spence, delivering
his own autobiography, ‘I’m a derelict. I’m a world savior. I
am drugs. I am rock and roll’” (A Time to Rock, 1996, p. 180).
Spence died in April 1999 at age 52.
VIVIAN STANSHALL, vocalist for The Bonzo Dog Band,
had a nervous breakdown and was confined to a mental
hospital for seven weeks in 1970.
SCOTT STAPP, lead singer for Creed, was placed on a 72hour psychiatric hold in November 2014 after he was found
on the side of a road in Madison County, Florida, appearing
to be drunk and claiming someone was trying to poison him.
“The singer's wife, Jaclyn Stapp, told TMZ that Scott suffers
from paranoid delusions, including having regular visions of
people on fire. Stapp also reportedly left a voicemail message
for the dean of his son’s school, claiming that ISIS was
planning to attack the school” (“It’s been a rough week for
Creed frontman Scott Stapp,” Nov. 28, 2014, Breitbart.com).
KURT STRUEBING, leader of the death metal band
N.M.E., brutally murdered his mother with a hatchet and a
pair of scissors in 1986. Allegedly, he also sexually assaulted
her. Police found books on witchcraft in the home, as well as
photos of Kurt Struebing in “staged death scenes” (Pamela
Des Barres, Rock Bottom: Dark Moments in Music Babylon, p.
288). Struebing said he felt that he was a robot and that he
wanted to kill his mother to see if she was a robot. Struebing
was charged with murder and rape. He pleaded guilty to
second-degree murder and was sentenced to 12 years in the
mentally ill offenders’ unit of a reformatory. The sentence was
later reduced to eight years, and he was released in April
1994, at which time, amazingly, he reformed the rock band
N.M.E. with most of the original members and started
playing clubs again.
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JAMES TAYLOR was committed to psychiatric
institutions multiple times. He began writing songs as a
teenager when he was self committed to a psychiatric hospital
for several months and treated with Thorazine. He had
contemplated suicide. During the Vietnam War, he received a
psychological rejection from U.S. military’s Selective Service
System. In 1968, he underwent physeptone treatment in a
British program. Upon his return to New York, he committed
himself to the Austen Riggs Center in Stockbridge,
Massachusetts, which “emphasized cultural and historical
f a c t o r s i n t r y i n g t o t r e at d i ffi c u l t p s y c h i at r i c
disorders” (“James Taylor,” Wikipedia).
Popular British rock drummer VINCE TAYLOR, who
died in 1991 at age 52 of unknown causes, was insane in later
life, frequently confined in prison cells and psychiatric wards
and proclaiming himself Jesus Christ.
SID VICIOUS of the Sex Pistols died in 1979 at age 21 of a
heroin overdose. He received his name “for his chainwielding attacks on unsuspecting audience members” (Rock
Bottom, p. 266). He mutilated himself frequently, got in
constant fights, and lived in the most debased manner
conceivable. At the time of his death, he was out on bail for
stabbing his girlfriend, Nancy Spungen, to death in their
hotel room. Nancy had been committed to a series of
psychiatric institutions since age 11. By age 15 she had tried
to commit suicide twice and was shooting heroin. She met
her soul mate when she teamed up with Sid Vicious. He was
often violent with her. In one of their fights, he tore off one of
her ears. In another, he dangled her out of a seventh-story
window. After being released from jail on $30,000 bond,
Vicious found a new girlfriend named Michelle and moved
into her apartment. It was there that he overdosed on heroin
and died. The heroin was from his mother’s purse or pocket.
Sid’s punk rock mother committed suicide in September
1996.
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By the end of the 1960s, pioneer rocker GENE
VINCENT’S life was a disaster. Rolling Stone described it as
“heavy drinking, mood swings, and erratic behavior.”
RONNIE WILSON of the Gap Band, which had big hits in
1979, almost lost his mind because of cocaine addiction
(More Rock, Country & Backward Masking Unmasked, p. 84).
BRIAN WILSON of the Beach Boys, who wrote many of
their most popular songs, became a psychotic, bed-ridden
recluse for many years, living in fear even of the ocean he had
glorified in his songs. The man who sang of the glories of the
automobile (“Shut Down,” “Little Deuce Coupe,” etc.) did not
drive for years. He had a complete breakdown in 1964 and
retired from touring with the Beach Boys; he did not rejoin
them until 1976. His constant supervision and psychiatric
care was rumored to have cost $50,000 a month (Dan and
Steve Peters, Why Knock Rock? p. 97). “Brian Wilson hears
voices. They talk to him. They frighten him, distract him,
confuse him...the voices are calling. His eyes roll toward the
ceiling; they’ve gone blank. His brow is furrowed with thick
worry lines. He is silent. Gone. He looks up, jerks his head
back and forth for a few seconds, as if physically shaking
away the voices” (Rolling Stone, August, 1988, p. 51-52).
Former Warner Brother Records President, Larry Waronker,
claims to have met at least five different entities possessing
Brian Wilson's body.
Famous rock/blues guitarist JOHNNY WINTER had
suicidal depression in the early 1970s.
As noted, this is only the tip of the iceberg. Thousands of
other members of the blues, jazz, and rock & roll industry
have been incarcerated in psychological institutions,
undergone psychological counseling, and in other ways
demonstrated serious mental imbalance.
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Rock Music and Suicide
The rise of rock music to a place of prominent influence in
a global westernized pop culture has been accompanied by a
dramatic rise in youth suicide.
A study made by Metropolitan Life Insurance Company
found that the suicide rate among teens rose 50% from 1952
to 1962. It rose another 200% between 1962 and 1982, with as
many as 500,000 teens attempting suicide each year (“The
Frightening Facts about Teen Suicide,” Teen magazine,
October 1983, p. 10).
Between 1980 and 1995 the suicide rate doubled again for
youth ages 10 to 14.
Suicide has become the second leading cause of death
among youth ages 15 to 18.
Many rock songs have glorified suicide.
Kamikaze Klones’s song “Death Can Be Fun” glorifies
suicide.
Sting’s song “Consider Me Gone” is about a man in despair
with nothing to look forward to but death.
Blondie’s song “Die Young, Stay Pretty” encourages young
people to die before old age robs them of their youthful
beauty.
The song “No Way Out” by D Generation is about the
desire to kill oneself.
The rock group Accept’s Russian Roulette album depicts
two young men playing the deadly suicide game on the
album cover.
Marilyn Manson has sold T-shirts with the slogan “Kill
God, kill your parents, kill yourself.” When asked about
suicide, he said, “If someone wants to kill himself--fine, you
k n o w ? [ c h u c k l i n g ] S u i c i d e i s t h a t p e r s o n’s
option” (Alternative Press, February 1997, Marilyn Manson:
Artist of the Year, p. 44).
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The lyrics to the Marilyn Manson song “Suicide is Painless”
include these words: “The game of life is hard to play/ I'm
gonna lose it anyway/ The losing card I'll someday lay/ So this
is all I have to say/ Suicide is painless/ It brings on many
changes/ And I can take or leave it if I please. ... and you can
do the same thing if you please.”
The very name of the rock group Suicidal Tendencies
glorifies suicide. Their song “Suicidal Failure” says: “I don’t
want to live/ I don’t know why/ I don’t have no reasons/ I just
want to die…” The song “Suicide’s an Alternative” says: “Sick
of life . . ./ Sick and tired—no one cares/ Sick of myself—don’t
wanna live/ Sick of living—gonna die/ Suicide’s an
alternative!”
Police’s song “Can’t Stand Losing You” is about suicide. “I
can’t see the point in another day/ for nobody listens to a
word I say/ You can call it lack of confidence/ but to carry on
living doesn’t make no sense/ … You’ll be sorry when I’m
dead/ all this guilt will be on your head/ I guess you call it
suicide/ but I’m too full to swallow my pride…”
Between 1985 and 1990, Ozzy Osbourne was sued by three
different sets of parents from Georgia and California, all
claiming that his song “Suicide Solution” had induced their
sons to commit suicide (Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock, p.
734). Osbourne won all three suits, claiming the song was
actually written to lament the death of rock star Bon Scott
and that it was actually anti-alcohol and anti-suicide. The
courts ruled that the lyrics were protected by the First
Amendment and the rockers have a right to “artistic
freedom.”
The song itself does not sound like a statement against
suicide. Its dark rhythms and depressing lyrics certainly can
be taken as an encouragement for suicide, and it is an
irrefutable fact that young people have snuffed out their lives
while listening to it repeatedly.
The Black Sabbath song “Paranoid,” which was sung by
Osbourne, says: “Think I’ll lose my mind, if I don’t find
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something to gratify, can you help me? Oh, won’t you blow
my brains?”
Two other songs by Black Sabbath, “Killing Yourself to
Live” and “Die Young,” promote dark suicidal thoughts.
In 1987, two young men in Sparks, Nevada, killed
themselves with a shotgun while sitting in a car in a church
parking lot. After listening to the Judas Priest Stained Glass
album for hours they had made a suicide pact. Eighteen-yearold Raymond Belknap died instantly, while 19-year-old James
Vance was permanently disfigured with part of his face blown
away. The parents sued Judas Priest, claiming that the lyrics
of the album combined with the grinding, vicious, depressing
heavy metal music mesmerized the youth, convincing them
that “the answer to life was death” (Gannett News Service,
Aug. 4, 1987). The parents’ lawyer, Kenneth McKenna, stated:
“The suggestive lyrics combined with the continuous beat
and rhythmic non-changing intonation of the music
combined to induce, encourage, aid, abet and otherwise
mesmerize the plaintiff into believing the answer to life is
death.”
That is a reasonable assumption, but the case was lost on
the grounds that the vile music is protected under the First
Amendment.
A teenager in Wisconsin committed suicide by hanging
himself in 1986 in his dormitory room at St. John’s Military
Academy. “His death was clearly marked as a ritualistic
suicide. Next to the body were a human skull and a burning
candle. Tape-recorded rock music played continuously. What
was the taped music? It was a morbid album by Pink Floyd
entitled ‘The Wall.’ The very lyrics produced great depression
and promoted suicide. The medical examiner stated, ‘My
personal feeling is that this type of music is going to add to
the depression. If they’re depressed, this music is going to
send them deeper. And if he wanted to change his mind
sometime during this, the music wouldn’t help.’ What were
the titles of the songs on the albums? A few were ‘Is There
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Anybody Out There?’ and ‘Goodbye, Cruel World,’ and
‘Waiting for the Worms’” (H.T. Spence, Confronting
Contemporary Christian Music, p. 99).
“In Plano, Texas [in 1983], Bruce and Bill, best friends,
listed to the Pink Floyd album ‘Pink Floyd — The Wall,’ about
a rock singer who builds a wall around his life to shut out the
world. The two teens began dressing in rebel-style leather
jackets and boots. One night, during a drag race, Bill was
sideswiped accidentally and killed. Bruce kept to himself
afterward, telling friends that he would see Bill again ‘Some
sunny day,’ a line from the album. The day after Bill’s funeral,
Bruce was found dead in his car of carbon monoxide
poisoning. The cassette in the tape player was playing one of
Pink Floyd’s songs, ‘Goodbye, Cruel World.’ Six days later
another boy in Plano killed himself by the same method.
According to Newsweek, his radio was blaring the same type
of music” (The Truth about Rock, pp. 54, 55).
In 1975, 16-year-old John Tanner, listening to acid rock
and smoking marijuana, drew deeper and deeper into a
depressed state. On January 13, he loaded his 12-gauge
shotgun with a slug and set it against the chimney in his
room, his mind filled with thoughts of suicide. On January
15, he skipped school and listened to rock music all day,
especially Black Sabbath’s Paranoid album. At 5:15 p.m. he
put his shotgun to his chin and pulled the trigger. Though
much of his face was blasted away, he lived through the
horrible ordeal, and his face was painfully reconstructed in
20 surgeries over 10 years at a cost of $300,000. By his own
testimony, his involvement in heavy metal music quickly led
to drug abuse, rebellion against his elders, depression, and
thoughts of self destruction. He could quote the nihilistic
lyrics to Black Sabbath’s “Killing Yourself to Live” by heart.
“The execution of your mind, you really have to learn/ You’re
wishing that the hands of doom could take your mind away/
And you don’t care if you don’t see again the light of day.”
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Happily, after Tanner shot himself, he received Jesus Christ as
his Savior (Why Knock Rock?, pp. 161, 162).
When a 14-year-old AC/DC fan in Indianapolis, Indiana,
shot himself in the head in an attempted suicide, his mother
was convinced that the heavy metal rock music exercised a
strong influence in her son’s depression (Why Knock Rock?, p.
155).
In 1981, AC/DC fanatic Steve Boucher killed himself with
a 30-30 hunting rifle, which had been given to him by his
grandfather. He was 14 years old. “Later, searching for clues
as to why their son would take this tragic step, his parents
began listening to his music. His mother said, ‘The one
[song] that stands out in my mind the most is the AC/DC
song ‘Shoot to Thrill.’ It goes like this: ‘Are you willing?/ Keep
it coming/ and put your head up to me/ I’m gonna pull it,
pull it/ pull the trigger/ Super thrill, way to kill …/ I’ve got
my gun and I’m ready/ and I’m gonna fire at will.’ Other
songs Steve loved about death and suicide were pounded into
his mind until he finally did what the lyrics urged. Steve’s
father said, ‘[The music] gives suicide credibility—it
promotes it, encourages it, advertises it’” (The Truth about
Rock, p. 55). His walls were filled with AC/DC and KISS
posters. He died beneath an AC/DC calendar that his mother
did not want him to have.
One young man who committed suicide used the words of
the depressing Metallica song “Fade to Black” in his suicide
note. The lyrics say: “Life it seems will fade away/ drifting
further every day/ Getting lost within myself/ nothing
matters, no one else/ I have lost the will to live/ simply
nothing more to give/ There is nothing more for me/ need
the end to set me free” (Muncy, The Role of Rock, p. 306).
One of the Scorpions’ songs advocated suicide, describing
it as flying “over the rainbow.” When a 17-year-old in North
Carolina killed himself by jumping from a bridge onto
Interstate 40 thirty feet below, he left a suicide note saying, “I
wouldn’t mind if someone would write the Scorpions and tell
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them their No. 1 fan has left. Tell them I’ve flown to the
rainbow” (The Raleigh Times, Raleigh, North Carolina, Feb.
13, 1986).
Elton John’s song “Somebody Saved My Life Tonight” is
about a boy who tries to kill himself at 4 a.m. in the morning.
Jerry Johnston, an expert in the area of suicide, documented
a case in which 17-year-old Alan Stubbs killed himself by
running a hose from the exhaust into the family car. Alan
died at approximately 4 a.m. while listening to “Somebody
Saved My Life Tonight” (John Muncy, The Role of Rock, p.
293).
Elton John’s song “Think I’m Gonna Kill Myself ” is about a
teenager who contemplates suicide. The lyrics say:
“I’m getting bored being part of mankind/ There’s not a
lot to do no more, this race is a waste of time/ People
rushing everywhere, swarming around like flies/ Think
I’ll buy a forty-four and give ‘em all a surprise/ Yeah,
think I’m gonna kill myself, cause a little suicide/ Stick
around for a couple of days, what a scandal if I died. Yea,
I’m gonna kill myself, get a little headline news/ I’d like
to see what the papers say on the state of teenage blues/
A rift in my family, I can’t use the car/ I gotta be in by
ten o’clock, who do they think they are?”
These are only a few examples of rock songs that have
encouraged suicide.
Suicide is not restricted to rock listeners. It has been a
leading cause of death among rock musicians.
The following are a few examples:
Christopher Acland of Lush committed suicide in 1996 at
age 30 by hanging himself in his parents’ barn.
Three members of the British rock group Badfinger have
committed suicide. Pete Ham, leader and chief songwriter of
the group, hanged himself in 1975 just four days before his
28th birthday. Graham Bond, one of the pioneers of jazz-rock
in Britain, was addicted to drugs and alcohol and was heavily
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involved in the occult. He was often “abusive, cruel, and selfdestructive” (Unknown Legends of Rock ‘n’ Roll, p. 28). In May
1974, he committed suicide by throwing himself under the
wheels of a London underground train at the Finsbury Park
Station. He was 37 years old. Badfinger guitarist Tony Evans
hanged himself at age 36.
Two members of the Bay City Rollers, Eric Faulkner and
Alan Longmuir, attempted suicide.
Peter Bellamy, founding member of Young Tradition,
committed suicide in 1991 at age 47.
Bobby Bloom, who sang the 1970 hit “Montego Bay,” died
in 1974 at age 28 of a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the
head.
Tommy Boyce, one of the top rock songwriters of the ‘60s
who co-wrote the Monkees’ theme song as well as their hit
“Last Train to Clarksville,” shot himself to death in 1997 at
age 52.
Bruce Cloud of Billy Ward and the Dominoes committed
suicide in 1968 at age 36.
Kurt Cobain, leader of Nirvana, blasted himself in the head
with a shotgun in a room above his garage in April 1994, at
age 27. His body was not found until three days later.
Cobain’s first band was called Fecal Matter (Pamela Des
Barres, Rock Bottom, pp. 54-55). He decorated his first
apartment with blood-splattered baby dolls hanging by their
necks and spray-painted his neighborhood with the words
“ABORT CHRIST,” “GOD IS GAY,” and “HOMO SEX
RULES.” There was garbage and rotting food all over his
Seattle house. “When the Cobains tried to hire some help, the
maid walked into their house, then ran out screaming, ‘Satan
lives here!’” (Moser, Rock Stars, p. 43).
Vincent Crane committed suicide in February 1989 at age
45 by overdosing on sleeping pills.
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Lloyd Clayton, rocker brother of Carl Perkins of “Blue
Suede Blues” fame, committed suicide in 1974 at age 39 with
a 22 caliber pistol.
of suicide by hanging. Before hanging himself, he put on his
favorite Iggy Pop album, The Idiot.
Monika Danneman, who was with Jimi Hendrix when he
died and who wrote a book about him (The Inner World of
Jimi Hendrix), apparently committed suicide in 1995.
Nick Drake, influential songwriter and recording artist
whose songs have been recorded by Elton John and many
others, suffered severe depression much of his life. After the
production of his third album in 1972, he became more
withdrawn than ever and spent time in a psychiatric facility.
He began taking anti-depression medication in 1973, and in
November 1974, he committed suicide by an overdose of this
drug.
Don Drummond, leader of the Jamaican ska group The
Skatalites, committed suicide in 1969 at roughly age 26 in a
mental hospital. He had been incarcerated in 1965 for
murdering his live-in girlfriend.
Jim Ellison of the punk band Material Issue committed
suicide in 1996 at age 32 by carbon monoxide poisoning in a
closed garage.
Sims Ellison, bassist for the hard-rock band Pariah,
committed suicide in 1995 at age 28 with a gun.
Brian Epstein, the manager of the Beatles, attempted
suicide at least once before his death by the cumulative effect
of Carbitral in 1967 at age 37.
Matthew Fletcher of the British group Heavenly
Marvin Gaye was plagued by suicidal thoughts. “Periods of
deep depression and thoughts of suicide haunted Marvin for
the rest of his life” (Rock ‘n’ Roll Heaven, p. 57).
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Gary Glitter (real name Paul Gadd), who had many hits in
the 1970s, selling 18 million records at the height of his
career, tried to commit suicide two times.
Dickie Goodman, who recorded on more than 30 labels,
committed suicide in 1989 at age 55 by shooting himself at
his son’s home.
Donny Hathaway, singer, songwriter and keyboardist, died
in 1979 at age 33 after falling from his 15th storey hotel room.
Hathaway had been given to depression and some strange
behavior and the coroner ruled the death a suicide.
Michael Holliday (born Michael Miller), who had several
hits, including “Stairway of Love,” committed suicide in 1963
at age 34 by a drug overdose.
Doug Hopkins of the group Gin Blossoms shot himself to
death in December 1993 at age 32.
Yogi Hortin, session drummer for the Rolling Stones, John
Lennon, and others, killed himself in 1987 at age 37 by
jumping to his death from the 17th floor window of a hotel in
New York City.
Johnny Will Hunter of the Hombres, who had the 1967 hit
“Let It Out (Let It All Hang Out),” shot himself to death in
1976 at age 34.
The group Hüsker Dü disbanded after their manager,
David Savoy, killed himself in 1987 at roughly age 27.
Michael Hutchence, lead singer for INXS, committed
suicide by hanging in 1997.
Phyllis Hyman committed suicide in 1995 at age 45 by a
drug overdose.
Hubert Johnson of The Contours shot himself to death in
1981 at age 40.
Guitarist Billy Jones of The Outlaws committed suicide in
1995 at age 44.
Kesier of the heavy metal band Krokus committed suicide
in 1986 at roughly age 31.
437
Helmut Koellen, of the German rock band Triumvirat,
Ronald Koal of The Trillionaires shot himself to death in
1993 at age 33.
British soul singer Ephraim Lewis committed suicide in
1994 at age 26 by jumping from the balcony of a Los Angeles
apartment.
Billy MacKenzie, vocalist for the rock group Associates,
died in January 1997 at age 39 by suicide. He took an
overdose of drugs.
Richard Manuel, pianist for The Band, the backup group
for Bob Dylan, committed suicide by hanging himself in 1986
at age 40.
Pete Meaden, manager for The Who, died in 1978 of an
overdose of barbiturates. The death was ruled a suicide.
Joe Meek, rock producer called by The All Music Guide to
Rock “an inimitable figure of early British rock ‘n’ roll,” shot
his landlady to death before turning the shotgun on himself
in February 1966 at age 33. Though the 1962 hit song
“Telstar” made a fortune, Meek died penniless (One Hit
Wonders, p. 144). The murder-suicide occurred after police
questioned Meek about the dismembered body of a
wear” (Penguin Encyclopedia of Popular Music).
Phil Ochs, well-known folk-rock singer/songwriter and
friend of Bob Dylan, hung himself in April l976 at age 35. He
had long been plagued by severe alcohol and psychological
problems.
Thomas Wayne Perkins (1940-1971) died in 1971 at age 31
when he drove his automobile across four lanes of traffic,
over a median, and slammed into an oncoming car. There is
evidence that he committed suicide. “His behavior had grown
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more and more erratic over the years.” Before he died he
confessed to a friend that he had attempted suicide at least
once before when he parked his car across both lanes of an
interstate highway at night and turned off his lights. The first
person on the scene was a highway patrolman who arrested
him and ordered a psychiatric evaluation (Scotty Moore,
That’s Alright, Elvis, p. 219).
Rob Pilatus of Milli Vanilli attempted suicide in 1991 and
died in 1998 at age 32 of an overdose of alcohol and pills.
Danny Rapp, lead vocalist for Danny and the Juniors, who
wrote the famous 1958 rock song “At the Hop,” committed
suicide with a gun in 1983 at age 41.
David Savoy, manager of the punk rock group Hüsker Dü,
killed himself in 1987 at roughly age 27.
Del Shannon, who had the 1961 hit “Runaway,” became
extremely depressed and began taking Prozac. In February
1990, Shannon shot himself in the head with a .22 caliber
handgun. He was 50 years old.
Ray Smith, who had the January 1960 hit “Rockin’ Little
Angel,” committed suicide in 1979 at age 45 with a gun.
John Spence, founding member of the rock band No
Doubt, committed suicide in December 1987 at roughly age
18.
Doug Stegmeyer, leader of Billy Joel’s band, committed
suicide in 1995 at age 43 with a gun.
Rory Storme of the Hurricanes, the group Ringo Starr
played in before joining the Beatles, died in 1974 of an
overdose of sleeping pills. “He was found dead in his home
with his head in the oven, the result of a suicide pact with his
mother, whose body was discovered nearby” (Why Knock
Rock?, p. 130).
Screaming Lord Sutch (born David Edward Sutch), of the
Monster Raving Loony Party, hung himself in 1999 at age 58.
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Jason Thirsk, Pennywise bassist, shot himself to death in
August 1996. The band insisted he shot himself accidentally,
but the police ruled it a suicide. He was roughly age 27.
Nick Traina of the punk group Link 80 committed suicide
with an overdose of morphine in 1997 at age 18.
Larry Troutman of Zapp committed murder/suicide in
1999 at age 54, when he shot his brother, Roger, to death,
then shot himself.
Janet Vogel, of the Skyliners, committed suicide in
February 1980 at age 37.
Chuck Wagon of the punk band The Dickies committed
suicide in 1981 at age 24.
Jeff Ward, touring drummer for Nine Inch Nails,
committed suicide in 1993 at age 30 of carbon-monoxide
poisoning. At the time of his death, he was the drummer for
Low Pop Suicide.
Wendy O. Williams, lead of The Plasmatics, died in April
1998 at age 48 of a self-inflicted shotgun wound.
Paul Williams, vocalist with The Temptations, died in 1973
at age 34 of a self-inflicted gunshot wound.
Rozz Williams, singer with the gothic rock group Christian
Death, hanged himself in 1998 at age 34. He was addicted to
heroin.
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Rock Music and Violence
Rock music goes hand in hand with violence. This is not
true for most other types of music, including classical, folk,
country, Irish, march, hymns, or bluegrass.
General Statements
“The best rock & roll music encapsulates a certain high
energy—AN ANGRINESS—whether on record or onstage.
That is, rock & roll is only rock & roll if it’s not safe. …
Violence and energy—and that’s really what rock & roll’s all
about” (Mick Jagger, as told to Mikal Gilmore, Night Beat, p.
87).
“Now in our popular music, at least, we seem to be
reverting to savagery … and youngsters who listen constantly
to this sort of sound are thrust into turmoil. They are no
longer relaxed, normal kids” (Dimitri Tiomkin, Los Angeles
Herald-Examiner, Aug. 8, 1965; Dr. Tiomkin is a famous
composer and conductor).
“[Rock music is providing] ceaseless, incessant, pounding
propaganda in the ears and eyes of the young, promoting
fornication, mysticism, marijuana, and violent revolution,
and we are at the point where young women seek roles as
‘urban guerrillas’ and others feel ‘pregnant with
murder’” (McCandlish Phillips, former News York Times
writer, The Bible, the Supernatural and the Jews, 1970, p. 272).
“Rock and roll has dominated the United States and
England more than any other two nations in the civilized
world ... by the same token these two nations have the highest
juvenile delinquency rate of any other nation in the
world” (Jack Staulcap, Today's Teenager and Dance Music,
Illinois: Metropolis Printing Service, 1964, pp. 6, 7; Staulcup,
president of American Federation of Musicians Local No.
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200, researched the effects of rock & roll over its first decade
of existence.
Blue Oyster Cult band member Allen Lanier said: “Rock
and roll has a real violent catharsis to it. It brings out violent
emotions. There’s a lot of violence, a lot of aggression in the
music” (Super Rock magazine, June 1978).
Mick Jagger of the Rolling Stones said: “I get a strange
feeling on stage. I feel all the energy coming from the
audience. I feel quite violent sometimes. I quite often want to
smash up the microphone or something” (Sanchez, Up and
Down with the Rolling Stones, p. 152).
By 1980, 70% of violent crimes were committed by youths
under the age of 17 (Why Knock Rock?, p. 140).
“I think rock ‘n’ roll in its highest form is a death cult. The
gods of rock ‘n’ roll are all dead … Sid Vicious, Janis Joplin,
Jimi Hendrix, Jim Morrison. The best thing you can do in
rock ‘n’ roll is die” (Sting, lead singer for the group Police, The
Rock Yearbook, 1984, p. 203).
“The intense sadistic and sexual violence of a large number
of rock music videos is overwhelming. It’s shocking to see
this subculture of hatred and violence becoming a fastgrowing part of rock music” (Dr. Thomas Radecki, head of
the National Coalition on Television Violence, cited by
Muncy, The Role of Rock, p. 189).
MTV reaches 43% of all teenagers weekly (Creem, Vol. 17,
#8, p. 6). The National Coalition on Television Violence
reported that 46% of over 900 videos studied contain or
suggest violence, and 13% contain violence related to sadism,
showing attackers obviously deriving pleasure while
committing violent acts (Talk Back Report, Nov. 1985). They
show 18 acts of violence in each hour of programming. U.S.
News & World Report warned, “Day and night, America’s
youth are enticed by electronic visions of a world so violent,
sensual and narcotic that childhood itself appears to be under
siege” (U.S. News & World Report, Oct. 28, 1985, p. 46). The
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same magazine noted the connection between music videos
and violence among young people: “Heavy viewing of music
videos may increase violence in our society because it closely
links erotic relationships with violence performed not by
villains but by teenage idols” (From Rock to Rock, p. 18).
Rock Concert Violence
VIOLENCE BY THE CONCERT FANS
From its inception, rock concerts have always been
associated with violence.
The first rock concert in 1952 (called the Moon Dog
Coronation Ball), organized by disk jockey Alan Freed,
resulted in a riot that sent mobs of young people on a
rampage in Cleveland, Ohio. More than 25,000 kids tried to
jam into an arena which had an official capacity of less than
half that. When officials tried to stop the show, mobs of kids
smashed open the doors, overwhelmed the police, and went
on the first rock & roll rampage. Many were injured.
Riots, beatings, and stabbings occurred at other Freed
concerts. Teddy Reig, Freed’s tour manager, described a
concert in New York: “At the Brooklyn Paramount, the kids
came in, and they tore the hall up like you never seen a hall
torn up before in your life. They broke about twelve store
windows, stole the suits. And all the fancy furniture out in
the lobby…” (Rock & Roll an Unruly History, p. 134).
On May 3, 1958, at the Boston Arena “Big Beat” concert, a
19-year-old sailor was stabbed and at least 15 others were
beaten, robbed, and raped in front of the arena.
Following that, rock concerts were banned in several cities.
Many of Elvis Presley’s performances, even before his
national fame, were characterized by hysteria and near
rioting. In DeLeon, Texas, in July 1955, fans “shredded
Presley’s pink shirt--a trademark by then—and tore the shoes
from his feet.”
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An article in Variety magazine, April 11, 1956, warned:
“On the police blotters, rock ‘n’ roll has been writing an
unprecedented record. In one locale after another, rock ‘n’ roll
shows, or disc hops where such tunes have been played, have
touched off every type of juvenile delinquency.”
Pittsburgh Police Inspector Fred Good said that “wherever
there’s been teenage trouble lately, rock and roll has almost
always been in the background” (A Time to Rock, p. 55).
Knife fights and bottle-throwing melees broke out at
concerts by Bill Haley and the Comets in 1956. A concert at
the National Guard Armory in Washington, D.C., for
example, resulted in stabbings and a brain concussion. The
fighting spilled out into the street, where more injuries were
sustained. A riot at Asbury Park, New Jersey, on June 30,
1956, left 25 youth hospitalized. The mayor subsequently
banned rock concerts from city dance halls.
Bill Haley’s early hits defined early rock music. “Rock
Around the Clock” encouraged all-night wild partying, while
“Shake, Rattle and Roll” encouraged lewd behavior. When the
Rock Around the Clock movie was released, “theater seats
were torn to shreds by fans in San Francisco and
elsewhere” (Why Knock Rock?, p. 14).
After rioting broke out at the movie’s premier in
Manchester, England, it was banned in several other British
cities.
The movie Blackboard Jungle, which featured the song
“Rock Around the Clock” and “captured the spirit of teenage
rebellion” embodied by rock during the mid-1950s, caused
riots worldwide.
The Rock ‘n’ Roll Trio, featuring Johnny and Dorsey
Burnette, also experienced near riots at their concerts. At one
in Evansville, Indiana, in late 1956, for example, the crowd of
2,000 kept up a continuous howl throughout the program,
then hundreds of wild-eyed girls attacked him and “tore his
shirt to bits for souvenirs.”
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Violence was also connected with the performances of
Gene Vincent and the Blue Caps. Vincent’s 1956 hit “Be-BopA-Lula” was one of the ‘50s rock anthems. Their
performances were “one of the wildest” in the business. “The
Blue Caps developed a reputation for violence—they
destroyed dressing rooms, set fires backstage, and incited
riots at many of their shows” (Rock ‘n’ Roll Heaven, p. 32).
At a Bill Haley rock concert in San Jose, California, in
1957, rock fans routed 73 policemen and caused $3,000 in
damage. Eleven people were injured. The mayor of the nearby
city of Santa Cruz banned rock concerts.
Authorities claimed that an Alan Freed rock concert in
Boston in 1957 caused a violent incident in the subway.
Mayor John Hynes subsequently banned rock concerts from
the city. The next year he lifted the ban to allow another Alan
Freed-sponsored concert on May 3, 1958. The lights were
turned on before the concert was entirely over, and Freed
foolishly stirred up youthful rebellion by saying, “I guess the
police here don’t want you kids to have a good time.” The
teens mobbed into the streets, attacking and robbing people.
A navy man was stabbed in the belly and two girls with him
were beaten. Nine men and women required hospitalization.
The mayor again banned rock concerts, and District
Attorney Garrett Byrne denounced “rock ‘n’ roll paganism.”
A European tour in October 1958 by Bill Haley and the
Comets was plagued with violence. A riot broke out at a
concert in Paris, France, and “legions of fans pulverized
chairs and streamed into the streets screaming ‘Long live
Haley! Down with the police!’” Ten fans were injured and 50
arrested. The next stop on the tour was Germany, and a riot
broke out at the East Berlin concert on October 26. Kids
smashed their seats and each other with clubs. They trashed
the arena, wrecked music equipment, and threw chairs at the
police, who had to bring in fire hoses to disperse the crowd.
Driven outside, the rock fans rampaged through the city. The
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damage was more than 30,000 Deutschmarks; there were 17
injuries and 18 arrests. A policeman was blinded in one eye.
Even as early as the beginning of 1961, before they became
international rock stars, the Beatles experienced rioting at
their concerts. “In most places the appearance ended in riots,
especially when Paul sang ‘Long Tall Sally,’ a standard rock
number but done with tremendous beat and excitement.
They were beginning to realize the effect they could have on
an audience and often made the most of it, until things got
out of hand. Paul says that some of the early ballrooms were
terrifying” (The Beatles, p. 94). The Beatles fans used fire
extinguishers on each other at the Hambledone Hall. Paul
McCartney said, “When we played ‘Hully Gully,’ that used to
be one of the tunes which ended in fighting.” Neil Aspinall,
the Beatles’ road manager, said that “they were beginning to
cause riots everywhere.” A British rock fan magazine of that
time observed that the reason for the violence was that the
Beatles “symbolised the rebellion of youth.” There was a riot
by 5,000 teenagers at a Beatles concert in Manchester.
“When the Beatles began their trek into hard rock, the New
York Times reported ‘fighting all over Britain.’ ‘Rarely a night
passes,’ stated the Times, ‘without an outbreak in some town
or other. Sometimes it is a mere skirmish involving a few
hundred policemen, but most often there is a battle with
broken legs, cracked ribs and bloody noses’” (David Noebel,
The Marxist Minstrels, p. 70).
Dr. Bernard Saibel, child guidance expert for Washington
State community services, described a 1964 Beatles concert as
follows:
“The experience of being with 14,000 teenagers to see
the Beatles is unbelievable and frightening. And believe
me, it is not at all funny, as I first thought when I
accepted this assignment. The hysteria and loss of
control go far beyond the impact of the music. Many of
those present became frantic, hostile, uncontrolled,
screaming, unrecognizable beings. … This is not simply
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a release, as I at first thought it would be, but a very
destructive process in which adults allow the children to
be involved―allowing the children a mad, erotic world
of their own without the reassuring safeguards of
protection from themselves.
“The externals are terrifying. Normally recognizable
girls behaved as if possessed by some demonic urge,
defying in emotional ecstasy the restraints which
authorities try to place on them. … There are a lot of
things you can say about why the Beatles attract the
teenage crowd. The music is loud, primitive, insistent,
strongly rhythmic, and releases in a disguised way (can
it be called sublimation?) the all too tenuously
controlled, newly acquired physical impulses of the
teenager.
“Mix this up with the phenomena of mass hypnosis,
contagious hysteria, and the blissful feeling of being
mixed up in an all-embracing, orgiastic experience, and
every kid can become ‘Lord of the Flies’ or the Beatles.
…
“Regardless of the causes of reasons for the behavior of
these youngsters, it had the impact of an unholy bedlam,
the like of which I have never seen. It causes me to feel
that such should not be allowed again, if only for the
good of the youngsters. It was an orgy for
teenagers” (Seattle Daily Times, Aug. 22, 1964, p. 1).
“When the Beatles presented one of their early concerts
in Vancouver, British Columbia, in 1964, a hundred
people were stomped, gouged, elbowed and otherwise
assaulted during the twenty-nine minute performance.
Nearly 1,000 were injured in Melbourne, Australia, that
same year. In Beirut, Lebanon, fire hoses were needed to
disperse hysterical fans” (David Noebel, Rhythm, Riot,
and Revolution, 1966, p. 81, citing the Chicago SunTimes, Sept. 5, 1964, and the Saturday Evening Post, Aug.
8, 1964).
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At a rock concert in 1964 in Long Beach, California “more
than a dozen policemen fought a valiant but losing battle
with 5,000 frenzied, screaming teen-age girls in the Long
Beach Arena before halting the show in self-defense” (The
Independent, Long Beach, Oct. 24, 1964, p. 1).
There was a riot at a Rolling Stones concert in Chicago in
early 1964.
At a 1965 rock concert in Long Beach, more than 4,000
teenage girls caused a melee which injured three police
officers, damaged three vehicles, and sent seven of the fans to
the hospital (The Independent, Long Beach, May 17, 1965, p.
B1).
In San Francisco, “A mob of howling teen-age boys and
girls, at least 1,000 strong, rampaged through Mission district
last night, inflicting heavy damage to automobiles and
shops ... the trouble, theorized Police Sergeant William
Mikulik, can be attributed to the strange powers of rock and
roll” (San Francisco Chronicle, March 8, 1965, p. 18).
Less than a month later in San Francisco, at a concert for
The Animals, “police riot squads with dogs took an hour to
break up gang fights outside the Cow Palace; the gangs fought
with knives and tire chains. Three teenage boys suffered deep
stab wounds while outside the arena. Another was stabbed
while in front of the bandstand. One officer said The Animals
‘wound up the crowd so tight they snapped’” (Evening
Tribune, San Diego, April 3, 1965, p. 1).
At a Rolling Stones rock concert in Los Angeles in
December 1965, there was “mass hysteria” and police testified
that many fans were “uncontrollable.” Girls ripped off their
clothes and threw them at the rock stars. Many were
hospitalized and much property was damaged.
There was much violence at Doors concerts. In 1965, in
Jacksonville, Florida, 6,700 rock and roll fans were sent into a
“screaming, fighting frenzy.” Twenty police officers on duty at
the show were swamped and called for reinforcements. The
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officers said the fans were “like a herd of cows
stampeding” (Jacksonville Journal, Feb. 23, 1965, p. 1). The
fans fought and stabbed one another and destroyed property.
In May 1968, in Chicago, there was a riot at The Doors
concert, and teen fans had to be clubbed and kicked back
from the stage by the police and the road crew. In New York
in August 1968, hundreds of wooden folding chairs were
hurled at the police. Hundreds were injured in the melee.
Lead singer Jim Morrison incited both the rioters and the
police. He badgered the police and mocked them in front of
the crowds and urged his fans to do immoral and violent
things.
There was a riot at the Beatles concert in Los Angeles on
August 28, 1966. Police charged the crowd with shields and
clubs, and the fans retaliated by throwing bottles and sticks
and attempting to break down the gates and barricades.
A riot ensued during a concert by John’s Children (a
support band for The Who) in Germany in April 1967. The
police fought the rioters with water guns, and John’s Children
were deported from the country (Unknown Legends of Rock
‘n’ Roll, p. 42).
The Rolling Stones concert at Altamont Speedway in
California in 1969 was an orgy of demonic violence. At least
300,000 young people attended the poorly planned concert,
and the crowd was awash with a poor quality LSD. The
medical team quickly ran out of Thorazine, the drug used to
calm people down from a bad trip (Waiting for the Man, p.
147). The Stones hired the Hell’s Angels for security, allegedly
paying them in drugs and alcohol; and the drunken, drugcrazed bikers beat people mercilessly and sadistically with
weighted pool cues when the crowd began to get out of order
after the arrival of the Rolling Stones in a helicopter. Hells
Angels ran over helpless people with their motorcycles.
Marty Balin of the Jefferson Airplane was knocked senseless
when he tried to rescue someone. A young black man,
Meredith Hunter, was repeatedly stabbed and viciously
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kicked and beaten right in front of the stage. A bucket was
also brutally crushed into his eyes. When some tried to come
to his aid as he lay bleeding to death, the Hells Angels drove
them away. Mick Jagger was dressed as the devil, and the
Stones were playing “Sympathy for the Devil,” “Under My
Thumb,” and “Gimme Shelter” during the violence. “The
more they were beaten and bloodied, the more they were
impelled, as if by some supernatural force, to offer themselves
as human sacrifices to these agents of Satan. The violence
transcended all comprehension. It had become some
primeval ritual. … And now the pounding voodoo
drumming and the primitive shrieks echoed out, and the
Rolling Stones were into their song of homage to the
Antichrist … ‘Sympathy for the Devil’ became the focus of all
the evil energy roaring through the crowd” (Tony Sanchez,
Up and Down with the Rolling Stones, pp. 184,185). The
vicious concert was filmed and became a motion picture
entitled Gimme Shelter. At least four people died, three by
beating and stabbing and one by drowning in a canal, and
hundreds were injured.
At a Rolling Stones concert in Paris in September 1970,
rock fans bombarded the police with bricks and iron bars,
and there were many arrests.
During the 1972 North American Rolling Stones tour,
there were riots and arrests in San Diego, Tucson,
Washington, Boston, and Montreal. In San Diego, 15 went to
the hospital and 60 went to jail. The Stones’ equipment van
was dynamited in Montreal, and 3,000 fans rioted.
At a punk concert in 1976 at London’s 100 Club, several
people were badly cut and one fan’s eyesight was severely
endangered during a bottle-throwing ruckus (Why Knock
Rock? p. 29).
Fans rioted at a Led Zeppelin concert in Houston, Texas, in
April 1977, causing half a million dollars in damages. Forty
were arrested.
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At a Quiet Riot concert in 1978, more than 700 people
were treated for drug overdoses and other medical problems.
There were also car lootings, robberies, rapes, and a stabbing
(Circus, May 4, 1978).
In December 1978, the punk fans at an Ian Dury concert
stomped and pogoed on the floor so hard that it gave way.
At the July 1979 World Series of Rock concert in
Cleveland, Ohio, headlined by Aerosmith, there were many
acts of violence and vandalism, including five shootings.
In December 1979, eleven fans were trampled to death in
the mad rush to get into a concert in Cincinnati, Ohio, to
hear The Who. Twenty-two others were injured. The coroner
said that all eleven of the deceased had consumed a drug,
either alcohol, marijuana, methaqualone, or cocaine.
In 1980, after a stabbing at a punk concert, a police officer
stated: “These punks are something else. They showed no
remorse at all about the stabbing. They didn’t give a hoot that
the guy almost died” (Gazette Telegraph, Colorado Springs,
July 11, 1980, p. 7F).
In October 1980, Blue Oyster Cult and Black Sabbath were
involved in a riot in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Bass player
Geezer Butler was knocked unconscious by a flying bottle or
a piece of wrought iron from a chair. When the band left the
stage, there was a vicious riot. The crowd went insane, ripping
up everything in sight, throwing metal rods that injured a
member of the road crew, beating the security guards. The
concert was stopped and the band had to flee the building.
There were 160 arrests, half on drug charges, and the arena
suffered $10,000 in damage. The young people “overturned
chairs, ripped out seat cushions, pulled out iron railings, lit
firecrackers and small fires, vandalized telephones and fire
extinguishers, knocked out lighting fixtures, and threw
objects around the area” (The Legacy of John Lennon, pp. 105,
106). Ronnie James Dio of Black Sabbath observed that the
fans “just went insane and ripped the place apart. … We had
pieces of wrought iron embedded in our road cases. Some of
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them had gone through from one side and ended up
inside” (Black Sabbath An Oral History, p. 62). When the two
injured men were placed in an ambulance, the enraged crowd
tried to tip it over.
A riot ensued at a ZZ Top concert in Dallas, Texas, in 1980,
causing thousands of dollars in damage and hospitalizing
many young fans. Some were pushed through large plate
glass windows.
At a Rolling Stones concert in Berlin in 1981, “the crowds
ran wild, setting fire to the stadium and vandalizing the shops
outside.” Mick Jagger later commented: “I entice the
audience. Of course I do” (“Death at the Coliseum,” Families
magazine, Oct. 1981, p. 108).
At a ZZ Top concert in Vancouver, British Columbia, in
February 1984, fans caused $20,000 damage to the Coliseum.
Fans of Judas Priest’s violent music went on a rampage and
caused much destruction to Madison Square Garden in 1984.
In 1986 alone, there were three deaths, 124 injuries, and 91
arrests from episodes of rock concert violence (The Record,
American Bible Society, Winter 1987).
When Ozzy Osbourne toured the Los Angeles area in June
1986, hospitals were swamped with emergency calls that
came as a result of the concerts (Time, June 16, 1986, cited by
The Rock Report, p. 64). A 22-year-old man fell and broke his
neck at the concert in Long Beach.
At a 1986 gangsta rap concert in Long Beach, California,
featuring Run-D.M.C., L.L. Cool J, and Whodini, a riot broke
out and 42 people were beaten or stabbed and one person
was shot. Seats and furniture were smashed (Rolling Stone,
Sept. 25, 1986).
“Monster Jam ’86” in Brooklyn, New York, had to be
stopped when a 14-year-old boy was killed and three others
were wounded by gunfire.
At a 1986 AC/DC concert in Minneapolis, Minnesota, a
17-year-old fan was stabbed. A 15-year-old was arrested in
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connection with the violence (Minneapolis Star & Tribune,
Aug. 31, 1986, p. 1A). One of the dead youth’s friends
commented: “Things like this happen at concerts; they get
out of control.”
At a 1986 Judas Priest concert in Tacoma, Washington, a
fan standing in front of the stage pulled a knife and stabbed
two people, killing a young man and wounding a girl. The
band was playing “Screaming for Vengeance.” Judas Priest
fans outside the concert turned over a police car.
At a 1986 Cure concert in Los Angeles, a fan ran toward
the stage and began stabbing himself with a hunting knife
before being carried away by security guards.
At a Cure concert in Buenos Aires in 1987, 30 people were
trampled as the crowd rushed to the stage.
In October 1987, rock fans trashed a Washington State
ferry and attempted to harm policemen after attending a
heavy metal concert. “The Bremerton ferry sustained over
$30,000 in damage as rioters broke windows, overturned
seats, and chopped up ceiling and floor tiles shouting ‘kill,
kill, kill’ as they tried to chop down a door behind which two
policemen were hiding with two captured rioters. All told,
five people were arrested, including a 38-year-old woman
who had begun to strip and a youth who had exposed
himself ” (Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Seattle, Washington, Oct.
6, 1987).
Two teenage girls were crushed to death in December 1987
at a Public Enemy concert in Nashville.
In 1987, rock fans fought police for hours, hurling bottles
and stones at them, during David Bowie’s performance at the
Flaminio Stadium in Rome. Fifteen officers were injured. Fire
was set to several parked cars.
A 1988 Slayer concert in New York’s Felt Forum had to be
stopped when fans rampaged, tearing up seats and pelting the
stage with debris and getting into fights with security guards.
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At a Guns ‘N’ Roses concert at the Castle Donington
festival in 1988 two fans were crushed to death (Music
Express # 132, 1989, p. 29).
At a Michael Jackson concert in Liverpool, England, in
September 1988, 40 people were hospitalized and 1,500 more
were injured in a crush near the stage (“Have Rap Concerts
Become Inextricably Linked to Violence?” New York Times,
Sept. 13, 1988).
During the Monsters of Rock heavy metal concert in
England in 1988, two fans were crushed to death during a
Guns N’ Roses set.
At a 1989 concert by gangsta rap group N.W.A. (Niggas
With Attitude), two fans were stabbed. Another concert was
stopped that year after fans stormed the stage.
A crowd rampaged in 1990 during an appearance of
Depeche Mode at a Los Angeles record store. It took 150
police in full riot gear to stop the violence.
In November 1990, a riot occurred at a Jane’s Addiction
concert in Philadelphia. Fans fought with police. Twentythree people were arrested and dozens injured.
At an AC/DC concert in Salt Lake City in January 1991,
three teens died when 13,000 fans rushed the stage.
A 1991 rap concert/celebrity basketball game in New York
featuring “Heavy D” Myers and Sean “Puffy” Combs erupted
in a stampede that killed eight people and injured dozens
more. A New York Court of Claims judge found the rappers
50% responsible for the deaths. Combs’ security team closed
the only entrance to the gym, and in spite of the pounding
and cries for help, refused to open the door, according to the
judge’s ruling (Live Daily, Jan. 13, 1999).
Axl Rose was charged with assault and property damage
after he allegedly attacked a camera-wielding fan at a 1991
concert in St. Louis, Missouri. An ensuing riot left 60 people
hospitalized and the band’s equipment destroyed or stolen.
The concert hall sustained over $200,000 in damages.
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During David Cassidy’s solo tour in London, 1,000 people
were injured and a teenage fan was crushed to death.
In August 1992 the crowd went on a violent rampage at a
Metallica/Guns ‘n’ Roses concert in Montreal. The damage
was estimated at $1 million. Rioters looted businesses and
burned a sports car.
At the 1992 Monsters of Rock Festival, there were 123 head
injuries, of which over 50% were the result of missiles thrown
by audience members.
In July 1993, dozens were injured at a Pearl Jam concert in
Dublin, Ireland.
At a Pearl Jam concert in Washington State in September
1993, five were hospitalized and more than 100 treated for
injuries sustained during a riot.
In March 1994, Pearl Jam fans rampaged, tearing through
fences, tossing rocks and bottles. Five people were injured
and four arrested.
Pearl Jam has been sued several times after fans were
injured in the mosh pit.
Three young people died at a Golden Life concert in
Gdansk, Poland, when fans rushed to escape a fire.
In August 1995, six fans at a Soul Asylum concert in
Lincoln, Nebraska, were injured while moshing and bodysurfing.
At a Silverchair concert in Santa Monica, California, in
September 1995, singer Daniel Johns was hit in the head by a
bottle and required five stitches.
At a Smashing Pumpkins concert in Dublin, Ireland, in
May 1996, 17-year-old Bernadette O’Brien was crushed to
death in the mosh pit.
In June 1996, several fans were injured at a Smashing
Pumpkins concert in San Francisco. The city of Cincinnati
subsequently imposed a ban on concerts by this band.
Two 15-year-old girls were trampled to death at a rock
concert in December 1996, in Taegu, South Korea.
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In June 1997, a 16-year-old girl was killed at a Toten Hosen
concert in Dusseldorf, Germany.
More than 5,000 fans rampaged during a Stone Temple
Pilots concert at Purdue University in April 1997, causing
$8,500 in damage. Singer Scott Weiland had urged the fans to
tear the place apart.
In November 1997, seven died at a Raimundos rock
concert in Regatta Santista, Brazil, when a handrail collapsed.
According to an annual report released by Chicago-based
consulting firm Crowd Management Strategies, nineteen
people died at rock concerts in 1997. The report notes that
concert-related injuries were also on the upswing in 1997, as
were arrests and citations, and points to large-capacity
general admission shows as a leading cause of injuries.
Moshing, largely prohibited at most major venues, was cited
in three of the deaths in the report. Three people died of
concert-related injuries in the United States in 1997 (http://
www.livedaily.com/archive/1998/9803/wk4/Report__Crowd_
Control_Injuries,_Deaths_At_Concerts_Up_In_1997.html).
Another part of the death and injury toll associated with
rock concerts rarely tallied is that involving traffic accidents.
For example, accidents following the large Phish Lemonwheel
concerts in Limestone, Massachusetts, in 1997 and 1998
claimed the lives of at least seven people and injured at least
three times that many. The accidents were blamed on fatigue
and driving under the influence of drugs and alcohol.
Following the 1998 concert, for example, a 17-year-old was
critically injured after his car was struck by the pickup truck
of a concertgoer who was arrested at the scene and charged
with driving under the influence of drugs and possession of
marijuana. Eighteen arrests were made at the concert in 1998,
fifteen for drug-related offenses (Live Daily, Aug. 20, 1998).
At a Backstreet Boys concert in August 1998 in Edmonton,
Alberta, more than 50 fans were treated for injuries after a
surge to the stage. “I was in tears because I was happy,” says
Heather Tasko, 13, who escaped with bruised ribs. “I was
456
lucky to even get close to the stage. It was the best day of my
life” (“Boy Wonders,” People magazine, Sept. 14, 1998).
Also in August 1998, police officers in the Detroit,
Michigan, area urged local politicians to ban rap concerts at
city venues, following a series of fights and confrontations
with police associated with performances by rap acts Scarface
and Master P.
In December 1998, a guard was stabbed and another man
was injured at a Black Crowes concert in Tucson, Arizona.
The singer was also hit by thrown bottles.
At least 5,711 people were injured at rock concerts in 1998
(U.S. News & World Report, Sept. 6, 1999).
On Sunday, May 30, 1999, a post-concert stampede in the
Belarus capital of Minsk left 53 people dead and more than
150 others injured. The tragedy occurred when hundreds of
fans rushed for a subway station to escape a hailstorm. As
young girls wearing heels began to fall in the front of the
crowd, those behind ran over them. There was a complete
lack of compassion. “Then they started screaming but no one
in the back paid any attention.” Festival ads had promised
free beer, and witnesses said that many involved in the
stampede appeared drunk (Live Daily, June 1, 1999).
On June 29, 1999, eight people were stabbed in a brawl at
an R. Kelly concert in Miami, Florida. The brawl involved 40
to 50 people (Live Daily, July 1, 1999).
At a July 1999 Limp Bizkit concert, a female fan was
allegedly gang raped in the mosh pit, and police investigated
three other rapes. During the song “Break Stuff,” fans ripped
wood from walls and a security fence and built bonfires (“10
Rock Concerts which Results in Bloodshed,” Neatorama.com,
Oct. 24, 2012).
There was violence and moral degeneracy at Woodstock
’99 in Rome, New York. Nakedness and open fornication was
rampant. More than 100 people posed naked for a photo by
photographer Spencer Tunick. Hundreds were treated for
457
drug overdoses and injuries, including broken bones, many
from falls in the mosh pits. One person died of a heart attack.
Twenty percent (about 100) of the volunteer security force
walked off the job. After three days of vicious music by
groups such as Korn, The Offspring, Kid Rock, Limp Bizkit
[who sang a vicious song with the words “give me something
to break” repeated over and over], and Metallica, combined
with drugs and alcohol, hundreds of people went on a
rampage, burning and looting. Cars were overturned.
Valuable equipment was stolen. ATM machines were robbed.
Bottles were hurled at security staffers and reporters.
Policemen were injured. The damage was massive. Twelve
expensive, refrigerated tractor-trailers were looted and
destroyed. One of the large speaker towers was pulled down
and destroyed. In spite of the fact that a young man was
standing on the top of it, a tower was set on fire by the
rampaging crowd. Property damage was estimated at $1
million. The riot was set off during the performance of the
vicious grunge rock group Red Hot Chili Peppers, whose bass
player performed in the nude. Some media reports claimed
that the rioting was the problem only of “a relative few,” but
New York State Police superintendent James McMann
described a “faceoff between the state police and 200 to 500
hostile people” (USA Today, July 27, 1999, p. D1).
Furthermore, “thousands cheered on the rioters.” MTV’s
main announcer for the event, Kurt Loder, went off the air at
11 p.m. and fled the festival. “It was dangerous to be around
… The whole scene was scary. There were just waves of
hatred bouncing around the place. It was clear we had to get
out of there.”
There were 50 arrests, dozens of injuries, and a wrecked
automobile during two nights of Dave Matthews band
concerts in Hartford, Connecticut (“Violence Erupts,” MTV
News, Aug. 9, 1999).
On June 30, 2000, nine fans were killed and 28 injured at a
Pearl Jam concert in Roskilde, Denmark (Rolling Stone,
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August 17, 2000). They were knocked down and trampled in
the mud when the crowd rushed the stage. The dead, all
males, included young men in their early 20s and teens from
the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, and Denmark. The
Roskilde festival, inspired by Woodstock, was first held in
1971 and in recent years has been broadcast by MTV. It
attracts rock lovers from most of northern Europe and the
United Kingdom.
After a rap concert in Concord, California, in 2001, fans
looted a store and a bystander was shot and killed.
On Friday, January 26, 2001, a 15-year-old teenager died of
an apparent heart attack and about 35 other fans were injured
in the mosh pit during Limp Bizkit’s performance at the Big
Day Out festival in Sydney, Australia. One witness described
the festival’s medical tents as “a war scene” (Associated Press).
A 2002 study by Crowd Management Strategies (CMS)
analyzed 31 rock concerts. There were a total of 4,567
violence-related injuries and 20 violence-related deaths.
Based upon these figures, CMS “estimated that between
20,000 and 40,000 concertgoers sought violence-related
medical attention in 2002.”
At a Marilyn Manson concert in October 2003 in Kansas
City, 2,000 fans tried to destroy the venue and smashed nine
police cars.
Because of violence at a punk rock concert in San
Bernardino, California, in March 2006, several people were
injured, one by stabbing, two police cars were destroyed, and
businesses were vandalized (“Violence Erupts,” AP, Mar. 5,
2006). Property damage was estimated at $500,000.
At the Electric Daisy concert in Los Angeles in 2010, more
than 200 people were taken to the hospital after either
overdosing or being trampled.
During a rap concert in Sweden in 2010 featuring House
Mafia and Snoop Dogg, multiple people were stabbed and
three died from drug overdoses.
459
From 2010 to 2013, there were 57 deaths at rock concerts
in the U.S. and Canada, 14 from drug overdoses and 46 from
violence and other causes (“Dying at a Concert Is Easier than
You Think,” Clickitticket.com, May 30, 2014).
A brawl at a hardcore rock concert in Lakewood, Ohio, in
April 2014 resulted in five injuries and 23 arrests (“Feud
between Hardcore Rock Fans,” Cleveland.com, April 24,
2014).
Three fans were shot at a rap concert at the Red Rocks
Amphitheater in Denver, Colorado, in June 2014 (Mail
Online, June 20, 2014).
There were 55 arrests and 46 medical incidents at a Keith
Urban concert in Mansfield, Massachusetts, in July 2014. The
Mansfield Fire Department announced a mass casualty event
to summon help from surrounding communities.
VIOLENCE ON THE CONCERT STAGE
Jerry Lee Lewis was possibly the first rock & roller to light
his musical instrument on fire. He did this at a 1958 Alan
Freed rock concert. “They still talk of that show, how Jerry
Lee had the crowd screaming and rushing the stage, how he
took a Coke bottle of petrol from his jacket pocket and
doused his piano with one hand as the other hand banged out
‘Whole Lot of Shakin’ Going On,’ how he set the piano
aflame, his hands still riding the keys like a madman as the
kids went finely and wholly berserk with the frenzy of
it...” (Country: Twisted Roots of Rock, p. 82).
The Who’s concerts and lifestyle were characterized by
violence and rebellion. On tour they smashed guitars and
blew up drum sets. They also destroyed hotel rooms. Keith
Moon told Rolling Stone magazine how he mangled a room
with a hatchet, hacking all of the furniture to pieces.
The group Kiss presented themselves as “rock & roll
demons,” puking blood, breathing fire, and screaming, “God
of rock and roll, we’ll rob you of your virgin soul!”
460
Black Sabbath drummer Bill Ward says: “We were rebelling
and we were rebelling against just about everything. … I
know that sometimes in our music it was loud and there was
violence, too, onstage violence. Often I would become violent
onstage. It’s not an unusual phenomenon where I would
literally pick up my drums and throw them at the
audience” (Black Sabbath An Oral History, pp. 9, 16).
Jimi Hendrix promoted violence through his music, at
times destroying his guitars and amplifiers during concerts
and setting his guitar on fire. This would send the young
concert-goers into a frenzy. Hendrix was also violent off the
stage. In January 1968, he was arrested after destroying a
hotel room in Sweden in a drunken rage (Henderson, ’Scuse
Me While I Kiss the Sky, pp. 325, 326).
Keith Emerson of Emerson, Lake and Palmer burned his
Hammond keyboard during the finale of their concerts.
Nirvana’s music was very violent and destructive, and they
commonly destroyed their instruments during concerts.
Nirvana’s Lithium video contains concert footage of the band
smashing guitars, amps, and drums. The lyrics include the
words “I’ll kill you” repeated many times.
Motley Crue destroyed many instruments on stage.
“Alice Cooper became famous for his mock public
executions, dousing audiences with beer and dollar bills, and
mutilating chickens and baby dolls by pulling their arms,
legs, and heads off and throwing the pieces to the crowd. He
called his song ‘Dead Babies’” (The Legacy of John Lennon, p.
98).
The band members of Aerosmith “went berserk” and
destroyed the backstage area on the opening night of their
first Japanese tour. They claimed that the Japanese promoter
had ignored their instructions not to put turkey roll on their
buffet table.
Mark O’Toole destroyed £15,000 worth of equipment
rented to BBC at the 1986 Montreaux Pop Festival.
461
The punk band Sex Pistols were “systematically banned
from [seedy London nightclubs] after fistfights, furniture
hurling, and general audience provocation.”
Wendy O. Williams of the Plasmatics smashed television
sets with a sledge hammer and blew up cars. She said, “I like
being the roughest, toughest woman in rock ‘n roll” (The
Rock Yearbook, Vol. 8, p. 57).
Iggy Pop was very violent on the stage. He jumped into
broken glass, forced himself to vomit, and invited the
audience to beat him up. “Over the years, his notoriety grew
with deeds such as threatening and vilifying audiences,
cutting himself with broken bottles, pouring hot wax over his
body, intentionally smashing out his teeth, and throwing up,
even urinating on audiences…” (The Rock Who’s Who, 1982,
p. 576, cited by Why Knock Rock? p. 187).
Lizzy Borden’s concerts included simulated murders by
shooting and axe. The victim’s blood splattered all over the
singer’s clothes.
There are nearly 20 documented occasions when the
members of the Pogues got into fights with each other during
performances (Alan Cross, Over the Edge, p. 209).
During a performance in Kansas in 1994, H.R. of the
punk/reggae band Bad Brains, smashed the base of a steel
microphone stand over a fan’s head. The youth sustained
severe head injuries and barely survived, and H.R. spent a
month in jail for this vicious act.
“Trent Reznor [Nine Inch Nails] can be a very violent
performer, smashing guitars, tearing the keys off keyboards,
body-checking anyone he can find and throwing debris all
over the stage, and his bandmates have often found
themselves in the line of fire. Guitarist and keyboardist
Danny Lohner was hit in the face by a mic stand and had his
wrist broken. Keyboardist James Wooley has been hit over
the head with the keyboard several times. Drummer Chris
Vrenna once required 18 stitches to close a cut on his face
462
that was caused by a flying piece of equipment” (Alan Cross,
Over the Edge, p. 204).
VIOLENCE ASSOCIATED WITH ROCK, PUNK, AND
HEAVY METAL
The very names of many of the punk and heavy metal
groups express violence.
Consider just a few:
Abuse, Aggression, At War, Axewitch, Black Death,
Blasters, Blessed Death, Bloodlust, Blood Death, Blood Feast,
Castration Squad, Child Molesters, Condemned to Death,
Corpse Grinders, Crucifix, Cryptic Slaughter, Dead Boys,
Dead Kennedys, Dead Milkmen, Death, Deathcorp, Death
Squad, Doom, Discharge, Executioner, Flesh Eaters,
Gravestone, Grave Digger, Hellion, Homicide, Indestroy,
Intense Mutilation, Iron Maiden (named after a torture
device used in the Dark Ages), Lizzy Borden (named after the
woman who murdered her mother and father with an axe),
Manson Youth, Megadeth, Metal Massacre, Millions of Dead
Cops, Monster, Necrophagia, Necros, Onslaught, Overkill,
Pain, Poison, Savage Steel, Septic Death, Sick Pleasure, Skulls,
Slaughterhouse, Slayer, Slow Death, Stranglers, Suicidal
Tendencies, Sword, Violent Children.
Iron Maiden’s Killer album depicted their death zombie
mascot, Eddie, holding an axe dripping with the blood of his
victim. Another of their albums depicted Eddie killing British
Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher with a knife. The cover to
their Piece of Mind album depicted Eddie with his skull cut
open and then screwed back together and his brain being
served to the rock group at a dinner table.
The album Damaged by the group Black Flag has a young
man smashing his fist into a mirror reflecting his own image
(Muncy, The Role of Rock, p. 192).
Sodom’s album Obsessed by Cruelty depicts a human skull
dripping in blood while being scratched with long fingernails
(Muncy, p. 193).
463
Serial killer Richard Ramirez, California’s “Night Stalker,”
claimed that he received inspiration for murder from the AC/
DC song “Night Prowler” on their Highway to Hell album.
AC/DC’s song “Highway to Hell” mocked the Bible’s warning
of eternal judgment: “Don’t need a reason/ Don’t need a
rhyme/ Ain’t nothing’ that I’d rather do/ Goin’ down/ Party
time/ My friends are gonna be there too/ I’m on the highway
to Hell...”
Van Halen’s album Fair Warning depicted a man beating
another man and also a man ramming his head against a
wall. “This is where we get the term ‘head banging music’;
some young people will literally bang their heads against the
stage while listening to the music. While in a crusade in
California, a gentleman asked me to help him with his son.
He had decided not to let his 15-year-old son listen to rock
music in the house anymore, according to Deut. 7:25-26. His
son soon began to literally slam his head into walls and doors
of the house. While speaking at a school in North Carolina,
one teacher told me about a young man in her class who
would suddenly go into a rage and would begin to beat
himself against the brick wall until the blood would flow. In
Ohio, I received a call from a pastor who asked for some
advice concerning a teenager in his youth group. His parents
refused to allow him to go to an Ozzy concert, and he threw
himself down and began to scream. Many would just excuse
these things as bad temper problems, but I find a certain
similarity with many of these kind of things with the
accounts in the Bible, such as Luke 4:33-35 and Mark
9:17-22” (Muncy, The Role of Rock, p. 194).
John W. Hinckley, Jr., who tried to assassinate President
Ronald Reagan, was hooked on punk rock. “While not much
is known about his personal likes, he did have a reputation in
Denver for liking rock ‘n’ roll music, and had recently been a
fan of and attended a concert by his current favorite, a punk
rock group called the Kamikaze Klones, who played such
songs as ‘Death Can Be Fun,’ and ‘Psycho Killer’” (Wall Street
464
Journal, April 1, 1981, p. 14; cited by David Noebel, The
Legacy of John Lennon, p. 92).
In 1981, 14-year-old Marcy Renee was murdered outside
of Milpitas, California. At least 13 students went out to look
at her dead body before the police found out about it. One
teen took his eight-year-old brother along to see the body.
One boy went twice. Those who saw the body went back to
class or to the pinball arcade. In reflecting on why the teens
could be so callous and indifferent about a violent death, the
Sacramento Bee observed that the kids were lost in a “void of
television and electronic games and punk rock” (cited by
David Noebel, The Legacy of John Lennon, p. 95).
In 1984, a 17-year-old boy was tortured and had his eyes
gouged out by boys who were high on drugs and “convinced
they were Satanists after hours of listening to heavy metal.”
One of the murderers was wearing an AC/DC sweatshirt
when he was led off to jail. Two days later he hung himself in
his cell (Steve Turner, Hungry for Heaven, p. 100).
A 17-year-old boy in California who was obsessed with
Prince hung himself in the yard of an elementary school (Los
Angeles Herald-Examiner, June 13, 1986).
In Newark, New Jersey, 14-year-old Thomas Sullivan, Jr.,
began studying the occult and listening to violent, satanic
music. His father heard him singing “about blood and killing
your mother.” A week later, he stabbed his mother over 24
times in the neck and chest, then attempted to set the house
on fire to kill his father and brother (Muncy, The Role of Rock,
p. 186). The boy claimed that Satan had appeared to him in a
dream and told him to kill his parents.
Mass murderer Charles Manson listened to the Beatles
White album over and over, especially the song “Helter
Skelter.” When Manson’s hippie followers obeyed his orders
to brutally murder actress pregnant Sharon Tate and her
friends, they wrote the words “Helter Skelter” on the walls in
their victims’ blood.
465
In 1988, 16-year-old David Brom, of Rochester, Minnesota,
murdered his mother, father, sister, and brother with an ax.
He was immersed in hard-core, punk rock groups and loved
songs about pain, insanity, and death. A favorite group,
according to one of his friends, was Suicidal Tendencies. One
of their songs says, “The maniac I’ll meet/ His love for me is
like a father to a son/ And now the maniac and I are one.”
The wicked Twisted Sister rock video “We’re Not Going to
Take It,” which depicts a father being blasted out of a secondfloor window by rock music, was named as causing an
imitation murder in New Mexico (Rock: Making Musical
Choices, p. 46).
All five teens featured on the “Kids Who Kill” edition of
Geraldo cited Slayer as one of their favorite bands (Rolling
Stone Encyclopedia, p. 909).
A 12-year-old boy in Hollywood, Florida, imitated a scene
in a Motley Crue video by dousing himself in rubbing alcohol
and setting himself afire (From Rock to Rock, p. 21).
Fifteen-year-old Sam Manzie sexually assaulted and
murdered 11-year-old Eddie Werner in 1997. The Time
magazine report on this vicious crime (Oct. 13, 1997) noted
that community members and the local press ascribed partial
blame to Manzie’s Internet activities and his love for
“depressing” music. In particular, Manzie has a passion for
the Smashing Pumpkins.
Three heavy metal-addicted 17-year-old teens murdered a
19-year-old with a baseball bat, weighted the body, and
dumped it into ten feet of water. One of the murderers,
Ronald Clements, told psychiatrists that he was inspired by a
magazine interview with a heavy metal rock star. Clements’
attorney, C.R. Rhoades, noted that the boys were deeply
involved in heavy metal music and “thought they would
somehow be rewarded by Satan.” At the trial, Megadeth’s
vicious song “Good Morning, Black Friday” was played:
“Killer, intruder, homicidal man/ If you see me coming, run
466
as fast as you can/ A bloodthirsty demon who’s stalking the
street/ I hack up my victims like pieces of meat.”
In July 1991, on the 20th anniversary of Jim Morrison’s
death, nearly 1,000 fans gathered outside the gates of the
cemetery in Paris, France, where he is buried. Appropriately,
there was a violent melee, during which an automobile was
crashed and burned, three people were injured, and 21
arrested.
In 1996, 14-year-old Barry Lucidas murdered two
classmates and a teacher and wounded another student at
Frontier Junior High School in Moses Lake, Washington. At
the trial the prosecutors played the Pearl Jam video “Jeremy,”
depicting an angry student who commits violence on other
students. Lucidas had watched the video repeatedly.
THE VIOLENCE IN THE MUSIC ITSELF
Metallica’s album Kill ‘Em All depicts a bloody hammer on
the front cover, and the back cover says, “Bang that head that
doesn’t bang!” The Metallica song “Harvester of Sorrow” says,
“Drink up, shoot up/ Let the beating begin/ Distributor of
pain/ Your loss becomes my gain/ To see into my eyes/ You’ll
find where murder lies/ Infanticide.”
Rod Stewart’s song “Foolish Behavior”: “I’m gonna kill my
wife/ I’m really gonna take her life/ … maybe blow out her
brains with a bullet/ they’ll think it’s suicide/ they won’t know
who done it/ … I’ve got my hand locked around her throat.”
Motley Crue’s song “Knock ‘em Dead, Kid” describes a
person who is “primed for hate.” The chorus cries out,
“Knock ‘em dead, kid/ the blade is red, kid/ … knock
‘em dead!” Their song “Too Young to Fall in Love” says,
“I can just taste the hate/ Well, now I’m killing you/
Watch your face turning blue…”
Their song “You’re All I Need” describes a man killing his
girlfriend: “You’re all I need, make you only mine/ I loved
you so I set you free/ I had to take your life/ … Laid out cold/
467
Now we’re both alone/ But killing you helped me keep you
home…”
Motley Crue sold two million copies of their song “South
of the Devil.” The lyrics said, “Out go the lights; in goes my
knife; pull out his life. . . . make it quick/ blow off his head.”
The original cover to the Beatles album Yesterday…and
Today depicted John Lennon and the other Beatles in butcher
outfits holding dismembered babies and pieces of raw meat.
(Outrage by disk jockeys, reviewers, and store owners forced
a hasty recall, and the album cover was replaced with a more
benign photo, though the original photo was reissued in the
1980s in the album The Beatles Rarities.)
John Lennon’s 1972 Sometime in New York City album
contained many songs calling for violence. The song “Sisters
O Sisters” instructed women that “we must learn to fight” in
order “to build a new world.” The song “Bloody Sunday”
called British police “Anglo pigs.” The song “Attica State”
proclaimed that “now’s the time for revolution.” In “Angela,”
violent revolutionary Angela Davis was glorified as a political
prisoner.
The Rolling Stones have produced some of the most
vicious music that has ever been recorded. Six of the ten
songs on the Beggars Banquet album were blatantly
revolutionary and violent. “Street Fighting Man” said, “The
time is right for violent revolution.” Their Let It Bleed album
“sported some of the most deliberate and gleeful incitements
to destruction and rapine” (Stairway to Heaven, p. 183).
Music critic Davin Seay admits that the Stone’s music of that
era was “diamond-hard and dangerous as a barbed wire fist.”
Rock critic Jon Landau described the Rolling Stones in
concert in these terms: “Violence. The Rolling Stones are
violence. Their music penetrates the raw nerve endings of
their listeners and finds its way into the groove marked
‘release of frustration.’ Their violence has always been a
surrogate for the larger violence their audience is so capable
of ” (cited by Mikal Gilmore, Night Beat, p. 74).
468
One of Guns ‘N’ Roses’ albums was Appetite for
Destruction. The song “Anything Goes” describes a brutal
rape. The lyrics to the song “Used to Love Her” included the
words: “I used to love her/ but I had to kill her/ I had to put
her six feet under/ And I can still hear her complain/ I knew
I’d miss her/ so I had to keep her/ She’s buried right in my
backyard.”
Jim Morrison of The Doors sang about killing his father
and having sexual relations with his mother in the song “The
End.”
Black Sabbath and Ozzy Osbourne had many songs about
violence and death. “Paranoid” says: “Think I’ll lose my
mind, if I don’t find something to gratify, can you help me?
Oh, won’t you blow my brains?” Two other songs by Black
Sabbath, “Killing Yourself to Live” and “Die Young,”
encourage dark thoughts about killing oneself. Osbourne’s
song “Suicide Solution” motivated several young people to
take their own lives, according to the testimony of their
parents.
Ohio Player’s album Climax depicted a woman stabbing a
man in the back with a large knife.
Grim Reaper’s album See You in Hell depicted a death
reaper with blood dripping from his blade.
Black Flag’s song “Revenge” was dedicated facetiously to
the Los Angeles Police Department: “Revenge!/ I’ll watch you
bleed/ Revenge!/ That’s all I read.”
Pink Floyd’s “Goodbye Cruel World” glorified suicide in
order to escape the troubles of this world. It stayed on the
charts for 17 weeks in 1980.
Police’s song “Murder by Numbers” said:
“Once that you’ve decided on a killing/ First you make a
stone of your heart/ And if you find that your hands are
still willing/ Then you can turn a murder into art/ There
really isn’t any need for bloodshed/ You just do it with a
little more finesse/ If you can slip a tablet into someone’s
469
coffee/ Then it avoids an awful lot of mess/ Now if you
have a taste for this experience/ And you’re flushed with
your very first success/ Then you must try a twosome or
a threesome/ And you’ll find your conscience bothers
you much less/ Because murder is like anything you take
to/ It’s a habit-forming need for more and more/ You
can bump off every member of your family/ And
anybody else you find a bore…”
Omen’s album Battle Cry depicted huge skeleton-type
warriors decapitating and maiming people with huge axes
and swords with blood splattered everywhere (The Role of
Rock, p. 195).
Exiter’s album Feel the Knife depicted a double-fisted grip
on a knife ready to be used in violence.
One of Kreator’s albums was entitled Pleasure to Kill.
Judas Priest’s song “Devil’s Child” is about young people
who offer themselves as human sacrifices.
Slayer has albums entitled Show No Mercy and Reign in
Blood. The latter depicts Satan’s slaves carrying him through
knee-deep blood as decapitated heads float around in it.
Other victims are hanging on the walls (The Role of Rock, p.
196). Reign in Blood contained more than 50 variations of the
word “death” in the lyrics. On the vinyl of side one of Show
No Mercy are the words “SATAN LAUGHS AS YOU
ETERNALLY ROT.” The song “Altar of Sacrifice” says:
“Waiting the hour, destined to die, here on the table of hell.
High priest awaiting, dagger in hand, spilling the pure virgin
blood. Satan’s slaughter, enter the realm of Satan.”
Blondie’s song “Die Young, Stay Pretty” encourages young
people to die before old age robs them of their youthful
beauty.
The cover to Malice’s album License to Kill depicts a blood
spattered scene of a masked man axing a victim to death.
Megadeth brags on one of their albums, “Killing is my
business … and business is good” (The Role of Rock, p. 197).
470
The album depicts a human skull that has been used in
torture. Their song “Liar” says: “Start trouble, spread pain/ …
Talk nasty, breathe fire/ … Eat garbage, spit blood/ … Rot in
hell, it’s time, you know/ To your Master, off you go.”
Megadeth’s song “Good Morning, Black Friday” says: “Killer,
intruder, homicidal man/ If you see me coming, run as fast as
you can/ A bloodthirsty demon who’s stalking the street/ I
hack up my victims like pieces of meat.”
One of the many vicious songs by Suicidal Tendencies is “I
Saw Your Mommy”: “I saw her lying in a pool of red. I think
it’s the greatest thing I’ll ever see, your dead mommy lying in
front of me. I’ll always remember her lying dead on the floor,
I hope she dies twenty times more.”
Suicidal Tendencies’ song “Suicidal Maniac” describes
someone being possessed by a “maniac.” I am convinced that
this chilling song describes what happens to those who
become mass murderers and serial killers They entertain
wickedness in their imagination and become possessed by
violent demons:
“A birth that came from more than sound/ Now rages
on from town to town/ A giant grows more every day/
And now the Maniac is here to stay/ A feeling you can’t
kill/ It’s the power, it’s a will/ Controls your thoughts but
you can’t see/ A power of another kind/ A PRESENCE
THAT IS GROWING OUT OF SOUND/ And now it’s
come, the time the Maniac I’ll meet/ He takes my hand
and now I bow down to his feet/ His love for me is like a
father to a son/ And now the Maniac and I are one/ I
bow to his might/ Too powerful to fight/ It’s my destiny/
NOW THE MANIAC LIVES INSIDE OF ME.”
Note that this rock band understands the intimate
connection between vile music and spirit possession. They
portray the “presence that is growing out of sound.” In this
they are right. Music does have a powerful effect, and I have
no doubt that some kinds of music are channels for evil
spirits. They are wrong, though, when they claim that the
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possessing spirit has a love for the one he possesses. The devil
and his demons do not love anyone or anything. They hate
people and have only one goal in their relationships with
people, and that is to destroy them. They are also wrong in
saying that it is someone’s destiny to be consumed by evil
spirits. God offers eternal salvation and forgiveness to all
people who repent of their sin and trust Jesus Christ as their
Savior.
“For God so loved the world, that he gave his only
begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should
not perish, but have everlasting life. For God sent not
his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that
the world through him might be saved. He that
believeth on him is not condemned: but he that
believeth not is condemned already, because he hath not
believed in the name of the only begotten Son of
God” (John 3:16-18).
AC/DC’s album If You Want Blood You Got It depicts one
band member impaled by the guitar of another member.
Their song “Shoot to Thrill” encourages the listener to pull
the trigger for the ultimate thrill. “Are you willing?/ Keep it
coming/ and put your head up to me/ I’m gonna pull it, pull
it/ pull the trigger/ Super thrill, way to kill …/ I’ve got my
gun and I’m ready/ and I’m gonna fire at will.”
Abattoir’s Vicious Attack album depicts a woman being
attacked by a man with a 12-inch knife and a huge hook and
the word “Maniac” tattooed on his arm.
The group Blessed Death sings: “Take me blessed death/
Give me blessed death/ Free me blessed death/ Save me
blessed death” (Muncy, The Role of Rock, p. 296).
Cheap Trick’s Dream Police album depicts a band member
holding a chain saw with a mannequin cut up on the ground.
Lizzy Borden’s album Love You to Pieces depicts a man
slaying a woman with an axe.
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One of Elton John’s hits is titled “Saturday Night is a Fine
Time to Fight.” His song “Burn Down the Mission” advocates
burning down the rich man’s house. The song “Think I’m
Gonna Kill Myself ” — “I’m getting bored being part of
mankind/ There’s not a lot to do no more, this race is a waste
of time/ People rushing everywhere, swarming around like
flies/ Think I’ll buy a forty-four and give ‘em all a surprise/
Yeah, think I’m gonna kill myself, cause a little suicide.” Elton
John’s song “Somebody Saved My Life Tonight” is about a boy
who tries to kill himself at 4 a.m. in the morning.
The cover to Scorpion’s Black Out album depicts a
lobotomy patient whose eyes were being clawed out by bent
forks.
The video to Sammy Hagar’s 1984 hit, “I Can’t Drive 55,”
depicted the destruction of a courtroom.
The Dead Kennedy’s song “I Kill Children” has these vile
words: “God told me to skin you alive/ I kill children, I love
to see them die/ I kill children and make their mamas cry/
Crush them under my car, I want to hear them scream/ Feed
them poison candy to spoil their Halloween/ I kill children, I
bang their heads in doors/ I kill children, I can hardly wait
for yours.”
The album Dream Police by Cheap Trick depicts one of the
band members holding a chain saw “with which he has just
dismembered a female figure hanging from the ceiling” (The
God of Rock, p. 191).
Nine Inch Nails is a blasphemous band formed in 1989 by
Trent Reznor. Reznor’s violent “music” is described even by
the All Music Guide to Rock as “relentless darkness,” “a
towering monument of angst and hatred,” “raging, angry
assault,” and “undiluted rage.” Reznor’s vicious rebellion
oozes from his statement: “I’d rather die than give you
control.” His first album was titled Pretty Hate Machine.
The vicious rock band Bush “links rage and erotica” and
“portrays life as miserable and meaningless” (The Truth about
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Rock, p. 23). Their song “Bomb” says, “Blow me away, see if I
care … kill a man; kill a girl.”
The “music” of California thrash rock band Korn is
described as “a fiery ball of teeth-gritting anxiety that refuses
to relinquish its anger.” Korn’s songs are filled with anger,
viciousness, blasphemy, cursing, and immorality. On the song
“Kill You” from their 1996 Life Is Peachy album, Davis
screams out to parents, “All I want to do is kill you.”
The rapper Coolio glorifies violence. In “Recoup This” he
shoots his agent and secretary over money (The Truth about
Rock, p. 26). He makes violent threats in “Gangsta’s Paradise.”
The rap group KRS-One has a vicious song that glorifies
the murder of police. “On the ground was a bottle of Snapple/
I broke the bottle in his … Adam’s apple/ His partner called
for backup/ I had the shotgun and began to act up/ With that
‘bo-bo-bo, kak-kak-kak’/ The only way to deal with racism/ If
you’re black.”
The violent Black Metal band Obituary has songs such as
“Bloodsoaked, “Suffocation,” and “Deadly Intention.”
Scarface is a “foul-mouthed gangsta rapper” whose
obscenity-filled songs are about guns, hate, and killing. His
vicious 1997 album The Untouchable was No. 1 on the charts
and had lyrics such as these: “Sunshine, I’ll blow your
brains… No death like this ever semi-automatic exploding
between your eyes.”
The gangsta rap group Geto Boys often deals with violent
themes. Their vile song “Mind of a Lunatic” says: “She’s
naked, and I’m a peeping tom. . . . I’m thinking rape. …
Leaving out the house, got [her] by the mouth, dragged her
back in, slammed her down on the couch…”
Rapper Ice-T’s music is often violent. He said: “I have a
morbid fascination with violent actions … so lyrics like
‘Shoot You in Your Face’ turn me on” (US magazine, cited by
The Truth about Rock, p. 50). In 1991, Ice-T formed the
thrash-metal band Body Count, and their self-titled debut
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album the following year included the vicious song “Cop
Killer.”
Rapper Ice Cube’s 1990 album, AmeriKKKa’s Most
Wanted, deals with themes such as gang violence, abusive
police, drugs, and sex. In the song “You Can’t Fade Me,” the
singer “fantasizes aborting his girlfriend’s pregnancy with a
coat hanger.” This depraved album is considered a rap classic.
Ice Cube’s subsequent albums are just as vile. These include
Kill at Will (1990), Death Certificate (1992), The Predator
(1994), and Lethal Injection (1994).
Bone Thugs-N-Harmony has an album entitled “The Art
of War.”
One member of rap group ICP (Insane Clown Posse) calls
himself “Violent J.” “The Great Melenko” album advocated
violence.
The cover to the Gravediggaz’ album 6 Feet Deep depicts
the scowling rappers holding a sharp knife.
The cover to Prodigy’s Music for the Jilted Generation
album depicts a man screaming in pain.
The rock band Birthday Party stood for “unbridled
anarchy” and had a “dark and sometimes ghoulish
persona” (The Secret History of Rock, p. 192). They had a
reputation for their violent stage shows, “which made it
difficult to get gigs and caused problems with the police.”
Punk rocker King Coffey said, “They seemed like psychotics
who might kill you or each other.”
The Dead Kennedys’ debut album, Fresh Fruit for Rotting
Vegetables, contained violent songs such as “Kill the Poor”
and “Let’s Lynch the Landlord.” Their song “I Kill Children”
has these words: “God told me to skin you alive/ I kill
children, I love to see them die/ I kill children and make their
mamas cry/ Crush them under my car, I want to hear them
scream/ Feed them poison candy to spoil their Halloween/ I
kill children, I bang their heads in doors/ I kill children, I can
hardly wait for yours.”
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The Sex Pistols’ song “Anarchy in the U.K.” is vicious,
closing with the words: “I want to be anarchy, you know what
I mean/ ’Cause I want to be an anarchist/ Again I’m [angry]/
Destroy!”
Most of the records of the rock band Exodus “brandished
themes of murder, relentless hate, sacrifice, the abyss of life,
the inferno (and morbid allure) of death, and an apocalypse
that would cleanse the world of religion and virtue” (Mikal
Gilmore, Night Beat, p. 257). The words to one of their songs
are as follows: “Get in our way and we’re going to take your
life/ Kick in your face and rape and murder your wife/
Plunder your town, your homes they’ll burn to the ground/
You won’t hear a sound until my knife’s in your back.”
In 1994, gangsta rapper Notorious B.I.G. released his
popular album “Ready to Die.” It was filled with cursing,
violence, and immorality. One cut was titled “Suicidal
Thoughts,” and Notorious B.I.G. sang, “When I die, ------ I
wanna go to hell.” The rap star was shot to death three years
later at age 24.
In 1998, leaders of two major agencies that champion the
rights of battered women (Women Fighting Back and the
Domestic Abuse Awareness Foundation) denounced Eric
Clapton for the contents of the song “Sick and Tired” on his
Pilgrim album. At issue are the story and the lyrics of the
song— the subject of which is a man who is intent on seeing
his girlfriend dead. Lyrics include “Now I’m gonna get me a
shotgun baby/ keep it stashed behind the bedroom door/ I
may have to blow your brains out, baby/ then you won’t
bother me no more” (Live Daily, “Eric Clapton under Fire,”
June 1998).
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Rock Music and Drug Abuse
The following is a chronological account documenting the
intimate relationship between rock music and drug abuse. Of
course, this list contains only a small sampling of the drug
usage that has accompanied the rock & roll culture, and it
largely ignores the rampant alcohol abuse.
1930s and 1940s
Amphetamine was introduced in 1932 as a Benzedrine
nasal inhaler to relieve the symptoms of colds, hay fever, and
asthma. Young people quickly learned to get high by
removing the Benzedrine and drinking it in beverages. The
drug was widely used in the military during World War II. It
was also abused by jazz and blues musicians.
Use of marijuana (also called muggles, muta, gage, tea,
reefer, grifa, Mary Warner, Mary Jane, rosa maria, weed, and
grass), cocaine, and heroin permeated the jazz and blues
bands of the 1920s and ’30s.
The July 1, 1928 issue of the Chicago Tribune, in an article
entitled “New Giggle Drug Puts Discord in City Orchestras,”
reported that marijuana addiction was common among local
musicians.
The St. Louis Post Dispatch, April 8, 1934, warned of a drug
menace at the University of Kansas: “Everything points to the
introduction of the drug [marijuana] into the University by
travelling jazz bands that come to play for large university or
smaller fraternity and sorority dances. [Narcotics
Investigator] Johns says that he has learned that many
members of jazz bands not only in this section, but generally
throughout the country, often resort to marijuana or some
other drug to obscure the monotony of their lives, the
ceaseless thumping of jazz night after night.”
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The British paper Melody Maker, Feb. 22, 1936, reported:
“Drug peddling and drug-taking is growing in this country. It
can no longer be denied that jazz clubs have been among the
haunts of drug peddlers.” Joseph Bell, Federal District
Supervisor in Minneapolis for the Narcotics Bureau, told the
Minneapolis Tribune in 1938 that “present-day swing music,
the Big Apple Dance and orchestra jam sessions are
responsible for increasing the use of marijuana both by dance
band musicians and the boys and girls who patronize them.”
Jazz bands with musicians arrested for marijuana
possession in the 1930s included the most famous ones, such
as Louis Armstrong, Count Basie, Cab Calloway, Duke
Ellington, Dizzy Gillespie, and Lionel Hampton.
Milton Mezzrow, famous jazz/bluesman, was a marijuana
dealer who brought high quality Mexican marijuana into the
Harlem jazz community, but Mezzrow himself became
addicted to opium. From 1931 to 1935, he “spent a large part
of his time in a cleaned-out six-foot-square coal bin which
served as an opium pad” (Waiting for the Man, p. 37). In 1940
he was arrested for dealing marijuana and was imprisoned for
three years.
Jazz clarinetist Woody Herman’s band was typical in that
only one member (trombonist Bill Harris) did NOT use
heroin (Waiting for the Man, p. 70).
Looking back on his music career, Jazz trumpeter Louis
Armstrong said: “My … memories will always be lots of
beauty and warmth from gage [marijuana]. Well, that was my
life and I don’t feel ashamed at all. Mary Warner [marijuana],
honey, you sure was good…” (Louis Armstrong, cited by
Harry Shapiro, Waiting for the Man, p. 25). Armstrong’s
second wife, Lil Hardin, divorced him in 1932 because she
“got tired of Louis smoking that stuff [marijuana]. He smoked
pot just like you smoke regular cigarettes” (Larry Nager,
“Neither rock ‘n’ roll, nor the mod or garage bands of the
sixties, nor punk in the seventies can be legitimately
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considered outside the context of amphetamine. The same
applies to West Coast rock and acid, and to marijuana and
reggae. But this is not to suggest that acid-rock bands used
only LSD or that punks stuck only to amphetamine; far from
it. Certain drugs influenced the sound and creative context of
particular genres more than others, but as the pharmaceutical
industry became more competitive and street chemists more
sophisticated, so more drugs were added to the music
pharmacopeia. There were sedatives, hypnotics and
tranquilizers in a hundred different colours and dosages,
notably methaqualone (Quaaludes/Mandrax); a range of
synthetic painkillers like Dilaudid; an alphabet soup of
hallucinogens — LSD, DMT, PCP, MDA, STP, etc. — and a
variety of one-offs like amyl nitrate” (Waiting for the Man, p.
99).
In April 1943, the psychedelic drug lysergic acid
diathylamid (LSD) was first synthesized by Albert Hofmann
in a laboratory in Switzerland. Hofmann describes his first
experiment with it: “At home I lay down and sank into a not
unpleasant intoxicated-like condition, characterized by an
extremely stimulated imagination. … I perceived an
uninterrupted stream of fantastic pictures, extraordinary
shapes with intense kaleidoscopic play of colours.”
LSD helped fuel the rock revolution twenty years later.
1950s
Heroin abuse claimed (directly or indirectly) the following
jazzmen (among others) in the 1950s — Billie Holiday, Fats
Havarro, Sonny Berman (Woody Herman’s trumpet player),
pianist Carl Perkins, Wardell Gray, Tadd Dameron, Shadow
Wilson, Charlie Christian, Jimmy Blanton, Phil Seaman, and
Tubby Hayes (Waiting for the Man, pp. 80, 81).
Musicians arrested on drug charges in the 1950s and early
’60s included Gerry Mulligan, Stan Getz, Tadd Dameron,
Anita O’Day, Billie Holiday, Art Pepper, Lester Young, Red
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Rodney, Hampton Hawes, Chet Baker, Thelonious Monk,
Miles Davis, Art Blakey, Percy Heath, Phil Urso, Milt Jackson,
Elvin Jones, Charlie Persip, Curtis Fuller, and Philly Joe Jones
In 1951, famous jazzman Thelonious Monk spent 60 days
in jail for possession of heroin.
In August 1952, the first white teenager was arrested for
marijuana possession in Britain, “having acquired the habit
through frequenting bebop clubs.”
Rockabilly star Hank Williams, Sr., died on the last day of
December 1953, at age 29 in the back seat of his Cadillac, of
drug-alcohol induced heart failure. “He had died from the
combined effects of alcohol, an undetermined number of
morphine shots, and chloral hydrate…” (Colin Escott,
Tattooed on Their Tongues, p. 241). Williams had sung his
own epitaph on some of his songs, such as “Too Many Parties
and Too Many Pals” and “Tear in the Beer.” In the latter, he
sang: “I’m gonna keep drinkin’ until I’m petrified … I’m
gonna keep drinkin’ ’til I can’t even think.” He did just that.
He was also abusing drugs that were prescribed for his
chronic back pain. “He would go to see several doctors,
obtain multiple prescriptions, then take more than the
prescribed dose.” One of Hank Williams’ booking agents, F.D.
McMurry, was “amazed at the number and variety of pills
that he took.” Quack therapist Horace Marshall prescribed
chloral hydrate, a powerful sedative and anti-anxiety drug,
for Williams. This drug was very dangerous in itself, but
when combined with alcohol or other depressants, it was
extremely deadly.
Jerry Lee Lewis’s drummer, Robert “Tarp” Tarrant, had a
nervous breakdown when he was only 22 because of his
heavy drinking and drug abuse.
Ritchie Valens, popular young Latin rock star who was
killed in 1959 in the plane crash which also took the lives of
fellow rockers Buddy Holly and the Big Bopper, “loved speed,
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which he called ‘whites’ …” (Ellis Amburn, Buddy Holly, p.
231).
In 1953, the star trumpet player in Charlie Parker’s quintet,
Red Rodney, was sentenced to five years in prison for heroin
possession. He was released on parole in 1955, but he was
back on heroin within two weeks and returned to burglary as
a means of obtaining money for drugs.
Psychologist Charles Winick, who in 1954 carried out an
extensive study on the use of drugs by jazz musicians,
“estimated that there were probably over 750 regular users of
heroin among the New York jazz community.”
In the late 1950s, the Quarrymen, who later would become
the Beatles, played in various sleazy clubs while high on
“prellies,” a form of speed called Phenmetrazine and
marketed as Preludin. John Lennon was so out of control one
night, that “when a customer over-enthusiastically
approached the stage, he kicked him in the head twice, then
grabbed a steak knife from a table and threw it at the
man” (Waiting for the Man, p. 107). John Lennon claimed
that he had been on pills since he was 17 and soon after
turned to pot. He said: “I have always needed a drug to
survive. The others, too, but I always had more, more pills,
more of everything because I am more crazy, probably
(Noebel, The Marxist Minstrels, p. 111).
Charlie Parker, jazz saxophonist who died in 1955 at age 34
of a hemorrhage, had long been addicted to drugs, and had
been institutionalized in 1946. “Prior to a gig, he might
consume two three-course dinners or two dozen hamburgers,
washed down with torrents of whiskey and followed by a
gargantuan whack of heroin” (Waiting for the Man, p. 69).
Little Richard became heavily addicted to drugs such as
cocaine and heroin. “I became very nasty, which I never used
to be. Cocaine made me paranoid. It made me think evil ...
When I got real high I couldn’t sleep. ... I spent my time
locked up in a hotel room. ... The drugs brought me to realize
what homosexuality had made me. When I felt that, I wanted
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to hurt. I wanted to kill” (The Life and Times of Little Richard,
p. 189).
In 1958, jazz/blues bassist Hampton Hawes (also known as
“Wally Shade”) was sentenced to ten years in prison for
selling heroin.
In 1958, jazzwoman Anita O’Day almost overdosed on
heroin. She did this again in March 1966. She had been jailed
in 1947 or 1948 for narcotics possession, and again in 1952.
In the late 1950s and early 1960s beatnik poet Allen
Ginsberg and many jazz musicians experimented with
hallucinogenic drugs, such as psilocybin and LSD. The
musicians included Thelonious Monk, Dizzy Gillespie, and
John Coltrane.
Billie Holiday, famous jazz/blues singer, died in July 1959
at age 44 of heroin- and alcohol-related causes. Holiday had
long abused herself through massive doses of drugs and
alcohol. She was turned down as a foster parent because of
her drug abuse.
1960
In 1960, Freddy Fender, writer of “Wasted Days and
Wasted Nights,” began his three-year prison term for a drugrelated conviction (John Muncy, The Role of Rock).
Lord Buckley (born Richard Myrle Buckley), blasphemous
jazz/swing humorist who founded the Church of the Living
Swing, died in 1960 at age 54 of drug and alcohol abuse. “A
voracious appetite for artificial stimulants eventually took its
toll, and despite rumours that the cause of his death was a
beating by Black Muslims, Lord Buckley’s death in 1960 is
recorded as the result of prolonged drug and alcohol
abuse” (Virgin Encyclopedia of Fifties Music, p. 53).
1961
Ray Charles was arrested two times in 1961 for possession
of drugs and drug paraphernalia.
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1962
In 1962, Harvard University professor Dr. Timothy Leary
took his first “trip” on LSD and became the guru of acid. “A
religious fervour had gripped him; religious imagery
informed all he felt about LSD. He was a priest of the God
Acid” (Waiting for the Man, p. 131). In 1963, Leary founded
the International Federation for Internal Freedom. Harvard
fired him that year “amid rumors of campus orgies.” In 1964,
Leary and others founded the Castalia Foundation in upstate
New York. His message to young people was “Turn On, Tune
In, Drop Out.” Leary’s 1964 book, The Psychedelic Experience,
was intended to assist novices to take LSD as a tool of
spiritual enlightenment. The introduction urged: “Whenever
in doubt, turn off your mind, relax, float downstream.” Leary
said rock musicians are “the philosopher-poets of the new
religion.” He called the Beatles the “four Evangelists” and
“rock stars become holy men,” and their Sergeant Pepper
album “the sermon from Liverpool.” The rock & roll crowd
went crazy for LSD in the 1960s. It was estimated that
chemist Augustus Stanley III alone produced and distributed
15 million LSD “hits,” many of which were distributed freely
at rock concerts. Leary appeared on stage with the Grateful
Dead, Jefferson Airplane, Quicksilver Messenger Service, and
others. John Lennon read Timothy Leary’s book The
Psychedelic Experience in 1966 and wrote the songs “Come
Together” and “Give Peace a Chance” for Leary. The Moody
Blues’ song “Legend of a Mind” is about Leary. The Who song
“Seeker” is about him. Jimi Hendrix sought Leary’s help in
interpreting dreams. Pink Floyd’s founder, Syd Barrett,
attributed Leary with part of his inspiration (Rock Bottom, p.
3), though his LSD experiences eventually left him in a
vegetative condition.
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1963
Dinah Washington, the most popular rhythm & blues
female singer of the 1950s, died in 1963 at age 37 of an
overdose of pills and alcohol, probably accidental.
Michael Holliday (born Michael Miller), who had several
hits, including “Stairway of Love,” committed suicide in 1963
at age 34 by a drug overdose.
1964
Bob Dylan “went through some profound drug
experiences during 1964-5, taking up Baudelair’s formula for
immortality: ‘A poet makes himself a seer by a long
prodigious and rational disordering of the senses.’ He … tried
just about everything he could to ‘open his head’ as
biographer Tony Scaduto puts it” (Waiting for the Man, p.
144). Many of Dylan’s songs were about drugs, including “Lay
Down Your Weary Tune,” “Subterranean Homesick Blues,”
and “Mr. Tambourine Man.” It was Dylan who introduced the
Beatles to marijuana (Peter Brown, The Love You Make: An
Insider’s Story of the Beatles).
In 1964, Ray Charles was arrested in Boston for heroin and
marijuana possession. After this third drug charge, he
decided to give up his 17-year heroin habit (Muncy, The Role
of Rock).
John Lennon admitted that he began taking LSD in 1964
and that “it went on for years. I must have had a thousand
trips … a thousand. I used to just eat it all the time” (Rolling
Stone, Jan. 7, 1971, p. 39; cited by Jann Wenner, Lennon
Remembers, p. 76). Lennon wrote “Tomorrow Never Knows”
after taking LSD. He admitted to the Rolling Stone interviewer
that there were “a lot of obvious LSD things in the music.”
Lennon said, “God isn’t in a pill, but LSD explained the
mystery of life. It was a religious experience.”
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Brian Wilson of the Beach Boys, who wrote many of their
most popular songs, was heavily involved with psychedelic
and other drugs and liquor and became a psychotic recluse
for many years.
Rudy Lewis of the Drifters, died in 1964 of a drug overdose
at roughly age 31.
1965
According to Lennon, it was in 1965 that the Beatles began
using marijuana. He said they smoked it for breakfast and
nobody could communicate with them because they were
“just all glazed eyes” (Playboy, Jan. 1981, p. 112, cited by The
Legacy of John Lennon, p. 58).
Eric Burdon of the Animals admits that he took many acid
(LSD) trips. He participated in these hallucinogenic drug
experiences with Brian Epstein (the Beatles’ manager), Andy
Summers (who played with the Animals and later was with
the rock group Police), and many others. Burdon claims that
LSD opened him up to Hinduism.
The Grateful Dead glorified drug abuse from its inception
in 1965 as the house band for Ken Kesey’s Acid Test, a series
of public LSD parties. LSD chemist Owsley Stanley III
bankrolled the rock group for a while. Garcia testified that
Stanley’s “mind was completely shot.” The Grateful Dead
“arrived stoned, played stoned and their fiercely loyal fans,
‘Deadheads,’ were stoned along with them” (Waiting for the
Man, p. 142).
The Eagles said that most of their songs were written under
the influence of the hallucinogenic drug peyote (Time, Aug.
15, 1975, p. 4).
Jet Harris, one of the top British bass guitarists, was
arrested in the mid-1960s for driving under the influence of
alcohol and for possession of marijuana and LSD.
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Dino Valenti, of Quicksilver Messenger Service, was
arrested in 1965 shortly after the band was formed and was
jailed for drug possession.
1966
It was in 1966 that LSD finally became illegal in California
where most of the early “Acid Rock” groups gathered.
Bill Graham, considered the most important rock
promoter ever, helped Ken Kesey stage a three-day “Trip
Festival,” a sort of extended LSD test (Muncy, The Role of
Rock).
Donovan was fined 250 English pounds for possession of
marijuana. He had at least two hit songs about drugs.
“Mellow Yellow” was about marijuana, and “Sunshine
Superman” was about LSD (Waiting for the Man, p. 159).
Bobby Fuller died in July 1966 at age 22 under mysterious
circumstances. Friends and band members later testified that
he was involved with drugs.
Timothy Leary and his third wife were arrested in early
1966 for marijuana possession and Leary was sentenced to 10
years. While free on bond awaiting appeal of the conviction,
Leary was again arrested for marijuana possession in
December 1968 and sentenced to another 10 years.
1967
In January 1967, Augustus Owsley Stanley III, called the
King of LSD, parachuted into the “Be-In” rock festival at
Golden Gate Park in San Francisco to give away 100,000 hits
of LSD.
Jazzman Art Blakey’s 1967 Japan tour was canceled
because of the arrests of Elvin Jones and Tony Williams on
drug charges.
In June 1967, the Beatles’ Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club
Band album “heralded the drug revolution.” Songs included
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“I Get High with a Little Help from My Friends.” In the
United Nations Bulletin on Narcotics, S. Taqi warned that the
Sgt. Pepper album gave the green light to drugs in
songwriter’s material and “heralded the drug revolution in
this country, a revolution still unchecked” (“Approbation on
Drug Usage in Rock and Roll Music,” U.N. Bulletin on
Narcotics, Oct.-Dec. 1969, p. 35). “Sergeant Pepper galvanized
the acid subculture and gave LSD an international
platform” (Waiting for the Man, p. 145).
Media researcher Brian Key observed: “The Beatles
became the super drug culture prophets … of all time” (Key,
Media Sexploitation, 1976, p. 136). On the Sgt. Pepper album
Ringo Starr sang, “I get high with a little help from my
friends.” The members of the Beatles later openly admitted
that the album was “a drug album” (Flowers in the Dustbin, p.
253). Sgt. Pepper’s was hugely influential, one of the bestselling albums of rock history. Many of the Beatles songs
were about drugs. These include “Strawberry Fields Forever,”
“Day Tripper,” “Yellow Submarine,” “Help,” “Rubber Soul,”
“Cold Turkey,” “Glass Onion,” “I Am the Walrus,” and “Penny
Lane.” (All of these were admitted to be drug songs by the
Beatles.) BBC removed the Beatles’ song “A Day in the Life”
from the air because of its drug implications.
In June 1967, the Beatles took out a full-page ad in the
London Times, calling for the legalization of marijuana in
Britain.
Brian Epstein, manager of the Beatles, died from an
overdose of sleeping pills. By this time, all four Beatles were
experimenting with drugs including LSD. That same year,
Paul McCartney told Life magazine that he was “deeply
committed to the possibilities of LSD as a universal cure-all.”
He went on to say, “After I took it, it opened my eyes. We only
use one-tenth of our brain. Just think what all we could
accomplish if we could only tap that hidden part. It would
mean a whole new world. If politicians would use LSD, there
487
would be no more war, poverty or famine” (Life, June 16,
1967, p. 105).
A music industry spokesman observed: “Drug taking is
nothing new to the music business, but it has always been a
secretive thing. No one went around boasting about it, but
now it is really getting out of hand” (Central California
Register, Sept. 6, 1967, p. 7).
Brian Jones, Mick Jagger, and Keith Richards of the Rolling
Stones were arrested for drug possession. Richards was found
guilty of allowing his home to be used for drug use and was
sentenced to one year in jail and fined 500 pounds. During
his trial, Richards told the judge: “We are not old men. We
are not worried about petty morals.” Jagger was found guilty
of illegal possession of pep pills and was sentenced to three
months in jail and fined 300 pounds.
The original rock band Love was broken up by drug abuse
in 1967. After Bryan MacLean nearly overdosed on heroin,
he dropped out of the band.
John Sinclair, manager of the MC5, was arrested along
with 57 other people at his Artists’ and Writers’ Workshop in
Detroit and was charged with possession of marijuana
(Muncy, The Role of Rock).
All six members of the Grateful Dead were arrested in
1967 for possession of marijuana (Muncy).
Rolling Stone magazine’s first issue included a free “roach
clip” (a device used to hold a marijuana cigarette) (Muncy).
1968
The student newspaper for the University of Wisconsin
noted that the Beatles have “proselytized the use of drugs so
subtly that words and conceptions once only common to
drug users are found in sentences of teeny-boppers and
statesmen alike” (Daily Cardinal, Dec. 3, 1968, p. 5, cited by
David Noebel, The Legacy of John Lennon, p. 63).
488
Brian Jones of the Rolling Stones was convicted in 1968 for
possession of marijuana.
Grace Slick (known as the “Acid Queen”) of the Jefferson
Airplane told the media: “We all use drugs and we condone
the judicious use of drugs by every one. Kids are going to
blow their minds somehow, and this is a better way to do it
than racking up their car against the wall” (Grace Slick,
Cavalier, June 1968). The Jefferson Airplane album Bark was
entirely written under the influence of cocaine (Waiting for
the Man, p. 229). The song “White Rabbit” openly promoted
drug usage. Slick claimed she had planned to spike President
Nixon’s tea with 600 micromilligrams of LSD at a White
House Party (People, April 7, 1980, p. 61).
Larry Graham of Sly and the Family Stone was arrested in
London for possession of marijuana (Muncy, The Role of
Rock).
Frank Weber, manager of The Kingston Trio, was arrested
along with five others, when 400 pounds of marijuana was
found in their possession (Muncy).
John Lennon and Yoko Ono were arrested for marijuana
possession. The drug conviction nearly cost Lennon the right
to live in the United States.
Bob Weir and Ron McKernan of the Grateful Dead were
busted on a variety of drug charges after a police raid at their
San Francisco home. Ron died five years later because of his
alcohol abuse (Muncy, The Role of Rock).
Eric Clapton and three members of The Buffalo Springfield
(Neil Young, Richie Furay and Jim Messina) were arrested on
marijuana charges. About this time, Clapton claimed that
“Acid was conducive to exploring music” (Herman, Rock and
Roll Babylon, p. 39).
Syd Barrett, founder of Pink Floyd, left the group in 1968,
suffering from psychiatric disorders brought about by his
drug abuse. Roger Waters said, “There was so much dope and
acid around in those days that I don’t think anyone can
489
remember anything about anything” (Rock and Roll Babylon,
p. 52).
Influential disc jockey Dewey “Daddy-O” Phillips, who
pioneered the Red Hot & Blue program in Memphis in the
early 1950s and was the first to play an Elvis Presley record
on the air, was addicted to alcohol and pain killers. He had
several car wrecks in the 1950s because of his heavy drinking.
His wife separated from him, and he became “virtually
homeless.” He had to be bailed out of jail frequently. Phillips
moved back home with his mother, and in September 1968
he died of heart failure at age 42.
Frankie Lymon, who wrote “Why Do Fools Fall in Love,”
died at age 25 from an overdose of heroin in the bathroom of
his grandmother’s apartment. He had a long history of drug
abuse.
After his recovery from a terrible automobile accident, Jan
Berry of Jan and Dean became addicted to drugs for several
years and contemplated suicide.
1969
The music reviewer for Holiday magazine warned: “In
songs meant for children of twelve and even younger, they
proclaim that it is wise, hip, and inside to dissolve your
responsibilities and problems of a difficult world into the
mists of marijuana, LSD, or heroin” (The Legacy of John
Lennon, p. 61).
Time magazine observed, “Rock musicians use drugs
frequently and openly, and their compositions are riddled
with references to drugs, from the Beatles’ ‘I Get High with a
Little Help from My Friends’ to the Jefferson Airplane’s
‘White Rabbit’…” (Sept. 26, 1969, p. 69).
Etta James, the ’50s R&B singer, tried to kick her heroin
habit with the aid of methadone, but it turned out to be “the
most horrible thing I’ve ever experienced. It sets up a
blockage against heroin, but creates a stomach habit. Then
490
the blockage wears off, and you have a double craving; your
stomach craves methadone and your veins crave
heroin” (Penny Stallings, Rock & Roll Confidential, p. 231).
Paul Kantner of the Jefferson Airplane was arrested in
Honolulu for possession of marijuana. Jack Casady, also of
the Jefferson Airplane, was arrested for possession of
marijuana in his hotel room in New Orleans and received a
two-and-a-half year suspended sentence. Kantner said the
band paid for the drugs as “a business expense” (Rolling
Stone, Sept. 30, 1971, p. 30).
The Woodstock rock festival, which was held in New York
State in 1969, was a drugged out orgy. A New York Times poll
found that 99% of the attendees were using marijuana. The
subsequent movie also glorified drug abuse.
Mick Jagger of the Rolling Stones was arrested in London
for possession of marijuana. Jagger’s girlfriend, Marianne
Faithfull, nearly died from an overdose of barbiturates that
same year and entered a hospital for treatment of heroin
addiction. In July, Brian Jones of the Rolling Stones drowned
at age 26 after abusing barbiturates and alcohol.
In April 1969, George Harrison and his wife, Patti, were
arrested at their home and charged with possession of 120
joints of marijuana. The drugs were found by a police dog.
They pleaded guilty and were fined (Muncy, The Role of
Rock).
Jimi Hendrix was arrested in the Toronto International
Airport for possession of several ounces of heroin in a travel
bag. Hendrix was quoted as saying, “Knowing me, I’ll
probably get busted at my own funeral” (The Book of Rock
Quotes, p. 64). He was dead one year later.
John Lennon said: “If people can’t face up to the fact of
other people being naked or smoking pot … then we’re never
going to get anywhere” (Penthouse, Oct. 1969, p. 29, cited in
The Legacy of John Lennon, p. 66).
491
Entertainer Art Linkletter, who lost a son to drug abuse,
called the Beatles “the leading missionaries of the acid
society” and observed: “Today in the top 40 pop records
played by rock groups, I would say at least half of them are a
constant secret message to the whole teenage world to drop
out, to turn on, to groove with chemicals” (House Select
Committee on Crime, Crime in America—Illicit and
Dangerous Drugs, October 1969, p. 152).
Eric Clapton and three members of the Buffalo Springfield
were arrested on marijuana charges in 1968. By 1969, Clapton
was drinking two bottles of vodka a day (Sunday Times, June
27, 1999). By 1973, he was almost dead from drug abuse. He
was spending up to 1500 pounds per week to feed his heroin
habit. In 1973, he underwent drug treatment. In 1985, he
again underwent rehabilitation, this time to overcome the
alcoholism which had taken the place of his former heroin
addiction.
Skip Spence, original guitarist of Moby Grape, went insane
after a bad acid trip in New York City.
Lou Reed, “the God-father of Punk rock,” has glorified the
use of heroin. He was kicked out of Syracuse University for
operating a drug operation. “Lou Reed is the guy that gave
dignity and poetry and rock ‘n’ roll to smack, speed,
homosexuality, sadomasochism, murder, misogyny,
stumblebum passivity, and suicide…” (Lester Bangs, Screem).
Reed’s popular song “Walk on the Wild Side” is a “paean to
sexual perversion and drug abuse.” His album Lou Reed Rock
‘n’ Roll Animal, features drug-related songs such as “Sweet
Jane,” “Heroin,” “White Light/White Heat,” and “Sister
Ray” (amphetamine abuse). The song “Waiting for the Man”
describes the love affair between a heroin addict and his
drug. “Heroin/ will be the death of me/ it’s my wife/ and it’s
my life.”
Original War bassist Peter Rosen died of a drug overdose
in 1969 at roughly age 28.
492
1970
Jazz critic Gene Lees warned: “About three years ago,
having caught the reference to drugs—indeed, the
exhortation of their use—buried in a lot of rock and folk-rock
lyrics, I wrote an article, suggesting that if this continued,
THE COUNTRY WAS IN FOR A WAVE OF DRUG USE
THAT COULD SHAKE ITS FOUNDATION” (Gene Lees,
“Rock, Violence, and Spiro T. Agnew,” High Fidelity, Feb.
1970, pp. 108, 110).
Revolutionary Jerry Rubin noted: “Rock ‘n’ roll marked the
beginning of the revolution. … We’ve combined youth,
music, sex, drugs, and rebellion with treason, and that’s a
combination hard to beat” (Rubin, Do It!, pp. 19, 249).
Steve Stills of Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young was arrested
in his motel for possession of cocaine and barbiturates.
generation loose from the fifties. Personally, I don’t regret my
sacrament” (Crosby, cited by Rock an Unruly History, p. 166).
Bobby Charles, who wrote some of the best-known fifties
rock songs, including “See You Later, Alligator,” got into
trouble with the law in the 1970s because of drug abuse
(Colin Escott, Tattooed on Their Tongues, p. 16).
In May 1970, Marty Balin of the Jefferson Airplane was
arrested for marijuana possession, along with two members
of the road crew, backstage after a concert in Minneapolis.
Four weeks later, Jefferson Airplane’s Paul Kantner was
arrested in Honolulu on a marijuana charge. When he was
convicted, he brazenly said: “I only want to say the verdict
493
and this court is one of the main reasons people have no faith
in the government any more.”
Keith Richards of the Rolling Stones and his live-in
girlfriend Anita Pallenberg moved to France to dodge British
taxes, and he had heroin shipped to him concealed inside his
son’s toys (Rock Lives, p. 183). He also began shooting heroin
into his veins. The two children of Richards and Pallenberg
were both delivered while their mother was addicted to
heroin.
Chubby Checker and three others were arrested at Niagara
Falls after marijuana, hashish, and unidentified drug capsules
were found in his car (Muncy, The Role of Rock).
Jimi Hendrix died that year in London at age 27. The
official cause of death was “barbiturate intoxication” and
“inhalation of vomit.” Hendrix had abused drugs and alcohol
for many years. He took acid, smoked marijuana, used heroin
and amphetamines, and drank liquor. Noel Redding testified:
“Whether it was true or not, we felt we had to be stoned to
play properly. Good dope equalled good music” (A Time to
Rock, p. 200).
Janis Joplin died in 1970 at age 27 of alcohol abuse and a
heroin overdose. She had previously been revived at least a
half dozen times after overdosing on heroin. Time magazine
quoted her a year before saying, “I wanted to smoke dope,
take dope, lick dope, anything I could get my hands on I
wanted to do” (Time, Aug. 9, 1969, p. 76).
Alan “Blind Owl” Wilson of Canned Heat died in 1970 at
age 27 of a drug overdose.
Iggy Pop retired for over a year to kick a heroin addiction.
By 1973, he was addicted again.
1971
In 1971, John Lennon admitted he and Yoko Ono had
taken heroin and LSD (Muncy, The Role of Rock).
494
Jim Morrison died in 1971 at age 27 of an alcohol and drug
induced heart attack in France. His live-in girlfriend, Pamela,
died three years later of a heroin overdose. The record of
Morrison’s life as a rock & roll musician reads like that of a
drugged out maniac, drunk most of the time, public
nakedness and other lewd conduct, daily acid trips,
destruction of private property, beating his girlfriends,
threatening people with violence, stealing things even from
his friends, cursing, blaspheming, lying, vandalizing public
property.
In 1971, members of the Grateful Dead were accused of
distributing LSD-laced apple juice to an unwitting audience.
Police shut down the concert and rushed 36 people to a
nearby crisis clinic for treatment.
1972
Johnny Winter had a heroin addiction problem and had
suicidal depression in the early 1970s.
In March 1972, Washington journalist Jack Anderson
broke the “drugola” scandal story. “Record company
employees came forward with tales of drug ‘saloons’ held by
promotion staff, where cocaine, marijuana and assorted pills
were handed out to DJs, station managers and performers.
Unknown artists took it upon themselves to supply drugs to
DJs hoping to secure airplay for records that otherwise would
have sunk without trace. … Paid anything up to $15,000 a
week for their services, [independent promoters] used every
means at their disposal to get records played on Top Forty
radio—cash, women, holidays, threats of violence, but most
usually cocaine” (Waiting for the Man, pp. 204,205).
Drug abuse and alcoholism nearly destroyed some of the
members of Black Sabbath. Their 1972 Volume 4 album was
supposed to be titled Snowblind, but their record company
forced them to change it. Snowblind referred to cocaine
abuse. In interviews with the press, the band members
495
admitted this. Their song “Sweet Leaf ” glorified marijuana.
Drummer Bill Ward testified: “I was a full-on junkie, still am
a full-on junkie, except that I don’t use junk. … I had been
using blow [cocaine] every day for a number of years, so it
was definitely time to let that go. And I was using plenty of
other drugs, at the time, to keep me numb, so losing the blow
wasn’t that big of a deal” (Black Sabbath, p. 22).
Joe Cocker and six members of his band, along with his
road crew, were busted for drug possession after a concert in
Australia. Police confiscated marijuana, heroin, and
hypodermic syringes. He was forced to leave the country
(Muncy, The Role of Rock).
Paul McCartney and his wife, Linda, along with drummer
Denny Seiwell, were arrested for smuggling marijuana into
Sweden (Muncy).
Miss Christine, a member of Frank Zappa’s 1960s group
GTO’s, died in 1972 at age 22 of an overdose of prescription
painkillers. Zappa once said, “Society’s major hang-ups could
be cured by a drug and sexual openness” (Life, June 28, 1968).
Billy Murcia, drummer for New York Dolls, choked to
death at age 21 during a drug-induced stupor.
Rory Storme, of The Hurricanes, died from an overdose of
sleeping pills.
Brian Cole, bass player for The Association, died at age 29
from an overdose of heroin.
Danny Whitten, singer for Neil Young’s Crazy Horse, died
at age 27 from an overdose of heroin.
Phil Lesh, bassist of The Grateful Dead, was arrested for
possession of drugs in Marin County, California.
Peter Tork, bassist for the Monkees, was arrested for
possession of hashish and sentenced to four months in
prison.
In December, Keith Richards and his girlfriend, Anita
Pallenberg, were arrested in France for possession of heroin,
496
cocaine, and hashish. Anita was arrested that same month in
Jamaica for possession of marijuana.
1973
Jerry Garcia of The Grateful Dead was arrested for
possession of marijuana, cocaine and LSD. Referring to their
style of music, Garcia once said, “Acid rock is music you
listen to when you are high on acid [LSD]” (Rolling Stone,
Feb. 3, 1972, p. 30).
Paul McCartney was convicted of growing marijuana
plants at his Scottish farm.
The Bee Gees said, “We do smoke marijuana now and
again” (Circus, Aug. 3, 1973, p. 38). In fact, they did more
than that. They were heavy drinkers and “got into pills—
Dexedrine” (Rock Lives, p. 493).
Buddy Rich was busted for possession of marijuana while
touring Australia, the second bust for the 56-year-old
drummer (Muncy, The Role of Rock).
Tom Johnston of The Doobie Brothers (so named for a
marijuana joint) was arrested on charges of marijuana
possession.
In June, Keith Richards of the Rolling Stones was arrested
in London when police found guns, heroin, and Mandrax
tablets during a raid of his home.
Gram Parsons of The Byrds and the Flying Burrito
Brothers died in September 1973 at age 26 of an overdose of
alcohol and morphine. Cocaine and amphetamines were also
found in his system. He had just filed for divorce from his
second wife. He had been a heroin user for years.
The rock band Journey helped fund the organization
N.O.R.M.L. toward the legalization of marijuana.
497
1974
Vinnie Taylor, guitarist for Sha Na Na, died in 1974 at age
25 of a heroin overdose.
Pamela Morrison, girlfriend of Jim Morrison, died from an
overdose of heroin.
Nick Drake, singer/songwriter, died from an overdose of
pills.
Robbie McIntosh, drummer for Average White Band, died
from an overdose of heroin.
Graham Bond committed suicide by throwing himself
under the wheels of a London underground train at the
Finsbury Park Station, in May 1974. He was 37 years old.
Bond, one of the pioneers of jazz-rock in Britain, was
addicted to drugs and alcohol.
By 1974, Marvin Gaye was deeply addicted to drugs. Gaye’s
biographer David Ritz said that Marvin Gaye’s every decision
was made high on drugs (Waiting for the Man, p. 230). Gaye
was addicted to marijuana, cocaine, and freebase heroin.
1975
Chuck Negron, lead singer of Three Dog Night, was busted
in Louisville, Kentucky, after police found two grams of
heroin and a gram of cocaine in his hotel room (Muncy, The
Role of Rock).
Chad Mitchell, leader of the folk trio named after him, was
sentenced to five years in prison for possession of over 400
pounds of marijuana (Muncy, The Role of Rock).
Paul McCartney’s wife, Linda, was arrested in Los Angeles
in 1975 for possession of eight ounces of marijuana.
Mitch Ryder, who had a comeback in the 1970s, is called a
“notable acid victim” by Harry Shapiro in his history of drug
abuse in popular music (Waiting for the Man, p. 143).
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Dave Alexander, bass guitarist for Iggy Pop and the
Stooges, died in 1975 at age 27 of pneumonia after years of
alcohol and chemical abuse.
Five hundred and eleven people were arrested for
possession of drugs at a series of concerts being performed by
Pink Floyd at the sports arena in Los Angeles. Pink Floyd’s
music often glorified drug abuse. One of their songs was
entitled “Comfortably Numb.” Group leader Syd Barrett
consumed endless “hits” of LSD and attributed part of his
inspiration to acid guru Timothy Leary. Sadly, LSD and other
drugs turned Barrett into a near vegetable.
Members of Dr. Hook were busted after marijuana was
found in one of their hotel rooms. One of their songs entitled
“Get My Rocks Off” says, ‘Some men need some killer weed
[pot]/ And some men need cocaine/ Some men need some
cactus juice [peyote]/ to purify their brains/ Some men need
two women/ And some need alcohol/ Everybody needs a
little something/ But, Lord, I need it all…” (Muncy, The Role
of Rock).
Tim Buckley, popular Sixties folk-rock singer, died in 1975
from an overdose of drugs.
Guitarist Dickie Betts of the Allman Brothers was arrested
on drug charges.
In December, Timothy Leary was arrested for marijuana
possession.
Jazzman Miles Davis had a heroin habit that took him “as
low in the gutter as you can get” (Waiting for the Man, p. 80).
“During his years of inactivity, Davis was often to be found
on the bathroom floor of Howard McGhee’s apartment with a
needle in his arm.
Gary Glitter, who had many hits in the 1970s and sold 18
million records at the height of his career, was addicted to
alcohol and drugs and tried to commit suicide two times.
The band Motorhead, which was formed in 1975, is named
after a user of amphetamines or “speed.”
499
1976
Black Sabbath drummer Bill Ward had a heart attack in
1976 and had to take a break from the band. Ward was
heavily addicted to alcohol and illegal chemicals. Of his early
days with the band he said: “At that time, my cocaine
addiction had accelerated tremendously. It had become, like,
real bad. Real bad. And I was getting sicker. ... I was a full-on
junkie, still am a full-on junkie, except that I don’t use
junk” (Bill Ward, cited by Mike Stark, Black Sabbath, p. 21).
Knowing that cocaine was killing him, he gave it up but
turned to other drugs and to alcohol. By the early 1980s,
Ward was nearly dead from alcoholic binges.
Eric Faulkner, singer for Bay City Rollers, nearly died after
swallowing Seconal and Valium tablets.
One hundred and eighty-eight people were arrested for
drug possession at a Jethro Tull concert in Los Angeles.
Alman Brother Band roadie Scotter Herring was sentenced
to 75 years in prison for distributing cocaine and other drugs
to Gregg Allman. Gregg was granted immunity in exchange
for his testimony.
Jerry Lee Lewis has abused drugs and alcohol like a wild
man and has undergone treatment for addiction to
painkillers. He claims to have spent $500,000 on the drug
Demerol alone. In March 1976, federal narcotics agents
confiscated “a substantial amount of drugs” from Jerry Lee’s
private plane.
Keith Richards of the Rolling Stones was arrested again in
1976, when police discovered a silver cylinder containing
cocaine in his car after he lost control at the wheel and
slammed into a center highway divider.
David Bowie and Iggy Pop were arrested in their hotel
room in Rochester, New York, and charged with possession
of marijuana. That year Bowie had portrayed himself as the
“Thin White Duke,” reflecting his “cocaine-fueled paranoia.”
He admitted that he used drugs to enhance his creativity
500
(Rolling Stone, Jan. 12, 1978, p. 83). His life at that time was
described in the following terms: “Friends who visited Bowie
in Los Angeles reported that he was living in a room with the
curtains permanently drawn, a bowl of cocaine prominently
displayed on the coffee table” (Turner, Hungry for Heaven, p.
93).
The popular Canadian rock band Rush was named for the
euphoric feeling produced by drugs. One of the songs on
the1976 album entitled 2112, “A Passage to Bangkok,”
describes the alleged glories of powerful drugs from various
parts of the world, including Acapulco, Morocco,
Kathmandu, and Afghanistan.
Neil Diamond was arrested in his home for possession of
marijuana.
Paul Kossoff, guitarist for the rock group Free, died in 1976
at age 25 of a heroin-induced heart attack on an airplane en
route to New York. A year earlier his drug abuse had resulted
in a heart/lung stoppage, but doctors managed to revive him.
Tommy Bolin, guitarist/song writer for Deep Purple and
other groups, died in 1976 on his 26th birthday from an
overdose of morphine, cocaine, Lidocaine and alcohol in a
hotel room.
Scott Quick, guitarist for Sammy Hagar Band, died from
an overdose of drugs.
Gary Thain, bassist for Uriah Heep, died from an overdose
of heroin.
Motorhead’s bass guitarist, Ian “Lemmy” Kilminster, was a
“self-confessed devotee of amphetamine sulphate” (Waiting
for the Man, p. 122).
Bette Midler bailed out seven members of her entourage
following their arrest for possession of cocaine and
marijuana.
Drugs were involved when Mel Evans, former Beatles road
manager, was shot to death by police in 1976 during an
argument involving a rifle. His girlfriend had called the
501
police and told them that Mal had taken Valium and was
“totally messed up,” and when he allegedly made threatening
gestures with the gun, they shot him. The rifle was not
loaded.
Florence Ballard, vocalist with The Supremes, died
virtually penniless in 1976 at age 27 of a heart attack that was
probably alcohol and drug related (Shapiro, Waiting for the
Man, p. 226).
1977
Rick Scully, manager for The Grateful Dead, was jailed for
four months for conspiracy to smuggle marijuana.
Keith Richards of the Rolling Stones, was arrested and
fined $1,300 for possession of heroin, 130 grams of cocaine
and other narcotic paraphernalia (Muncy, The Role of Rock).
Elvis Presley died on August 16, 1977, at age 42 in his
bathroom at Graceland, of a shutdown of his central nervous
system caused by polypharmacy, or the combined effect of
multiple drugs. Fourteen drugs were found in his body
during the autopsy, including toxic or near toxic levels of
four. Dr. Norman Weissman, director of operations at BioSciences Laboratories, where the toxicity tests were
performed, testified that he had never seen so many drugs in
one specimen. Elvis’s doctor, George Nichopolous, had
prescribed 19,000 pills and vials for Elvis in the last 31.5
months of his life. Elvis required 5,110 pills per year just for
his sleeping routine. Elvis obtained drugs from many other
sources, both legal and illegal. It was estimated that he spent
at least $1 million per year on drugs and drug prescribing
doctors (Goldman, Elvis: The Last 24 Hours, p. 56). Elvis
began using amphetamines and Benzedrine to give him a lift
when he began his rock & roll career in the first half of the
1950s. It is possible that they were first given to him by
Memphis disc jockey Dewey Phillips, who helped popularize
Elvis’s music by playing his songs repeatedly (Goldman, p. 9).
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The drugs “transformed the shy, mute, passive ‘Baby Elvis’ of
those years into the Hillbilly Cat.’” He also used marijuana
some and took LSD at least once. In her autobiography,
Priscilla Presley said that Elvis was using drugs heavily by
1960 and that his personality changed dramatically. After the
breakup of his short-lived marriage in 1973, Elvis “was
hopelessly drug-dependent.”
Peter Laughner, guitarist for the rock band Pere Ubu and
other groups and a writer for Creem magazine, died in 1977
at age 24 of pancreatitis caused by alcohol and drug abuse.
1978
Rich Evers, Carol King’s songwriter and third husband,
died from a heroin overdose.
TV Guide noted that “the average rock musician likes to
perform [in an environment] of stomping, cheering crowds,
typically well-dosed with alcohol and marijuana” (July 29,
1978, p. 21).
Greg Herbert, saxophonist for Blood, Sweat, and Tears,
died from an overdose of drugs (Muncy, The Role of Rock).
Pete Meaden, manager for The Who, died from an
overdose of barbiturates.
Keith Moon, drummer for The Who, died from an
overdose of drugs in 1978 at age 32.
1979
Philip Hale, a photographer friend of rock star Jimmy
Page, died in Page’s home from an overdose of morphine,
cocaine and alcohol (Muncy, The Role of Rock).
Congressman Lester Wolff (D-NY), chairman of the House
Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control, warned:
“DRUG ABUSE AMONG OUR CHILDREN HAS RISEN, IN
THE PAST TWO YEARS, FROM EPIDEMIC TO
PANDEMIC PROPORTIONS. It has grown so large that
503
neither the nation--nor any nation in history--has ever before
faced a problem that is so insidious and so dangerous” (Peggy
Mann, “Frightening Facts about Children and Drugs,” Family
Weekly, Nov. 25, 1979).
Marianne Faithful, former girlfriend of Mick Jagger, was
arrested at Oslo Airport in Norway for possession of
marijuana (Muncy, The Role of Rock).
By 1979, Ozzy Osbourne of Black Sabbath was so
incoherent from drug and alcohol abuse that he could not
function and was asked to leave the group. The next three
months he locked himself away in a hotel room and stayed
drunk and high on drugs constantly. He had used LSD every
day for years and was spending $1,000 a day on drugs. He
was rescued from destruction when Sharon Arden visited
him, talked him into accompanying her back to England,
then managed him in a solo rock career. (Osbourne divorced
his first wife in 1981 and married Arden in 1982.)
Sid Vicious of the punk rock band Sex Pistols died in 1979
at age 21 of a heroin overdose. His mother, Anne Beverly, was
also a punk rocker and a drug addict. The drug-addicted
rocker mutilated himself frequently, got into constant fights,
and lived in the most debased manner conceivable. A few
months before his death, Vicious had overdosed on
Methadone during an airplane flight and had to be
hospitalized. At the time of his death, he was out on bail for
stabbing his girlfriend, Nancy Spungen, to death in their
hotel room. Nancy had been committed to a series of
psychiatric institutions since age 11, and was using drugs by
age 12. By age 15 she had tried to commit suicide twice and
was shooting heroin. She met her soul mate when she teamed
up with Sid Vicious. After being released from jail on $30,000
bond, Vicious found a new girlfriend named Michelle and
moved into her apartment. It was there that he overdosed on
heroin and died. The heroin was from his mother’s purse.
Sid’s mother overdosed in February 1980 on the anniversary
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of her son’s death, and eventually she committed suicide in
September 1996.
George Lowell, of the Mothers of Invention and Little Feat,
died in 1979 at age 34. Official cause of death was listed as an
apparent heart attack, but drugs contributed. Pamela Des
Barres in Rock Bottom says he died “from too much booze
and coke abuse.”
Jimmy McCulloch, guitarist for Stone the Crows and Paul
McCartney’s Wings, died in 1979 at age 26 of an overdose of
morphine mixed with liquor and marijuana.
Ronnie Wilson of the Gap Band, which had big hits in
1979, almost lost his mind because of cocaine addiction
Rick James’ song “Mary Jane” was about marijuana. He
also loved cocaine. He said: “I started smoking Mary Jane
when I was fifteen. And I was snorting an ounce [of cocaine]
a day when I was recording albums in the seventies and
eighties. I sat with a bottle of Black Jack, a bottle of
Quaaludes, and an ounce a day” (Rock Bottom, p. 147).
George Jones spent a few weeks in an Alabama mental
hospital because of drug abuse, and it was not his last visit to
such institutions. Jones had become “an alcohol and cocaine
fiend who flushed thousands of dollars down toilets, fired a
pistol at a close friend, and was briefly committed to a
padded cell” (Nicholas Dawidoff, In the Country of Country,
p. 196).
By 1979, Lee “Scratch” Perry was drinking heavily and
“smoking huge amounts of marijuana.”
Angus MacLise, of the Velvet Underground, died in 1979
in Nepal of drug abuse.
1980
Paul McCartney was arrested at Tokyo International
Airport when nearly a half-pound of marijuana was
discovered in his suitcase. He was kicked out of Japan after
505
being detained for nine days. Later McCartney told reporters,
“Marijuana isn’t as dangerous as some people make
it” (People, March 6, 1980, p. 30).
By 1980, Pete Townshend’s life was in a mess. He was
addicted to drugs and alcohol and had “all but abandoned his
family for the bottle, the nightlife, cocaine, and freebase laced
with heroin” (Rock Lives, p. 216). Many of The Who songs
were about drugs. The song “Here Comes the Nice” was
about the drug-abusing mods in Britain. “Here comes the
nice/ He knows what I need/ He’s always there when I need
some speed.”
It was in 1980 that Parade magazine observed: “We know
that Elvis Presley, the greatest rock ‘n’ roller of his time, was a
drug-bedeviled addict. We know that Paul McCartney, 37 …
is a user of marijuana. … We know that guitarist Keith
Richards of the Rolling Stones and his common-law wife,
Anita Pallenberg, used to shoot heroin. We know that punk
rock musician Sid Vicious stabbed his sweetheart to death,
then ‘mainlined’ his own life away via heroin. We know that
Greg Allman, Mick Jagger, the late Jimi Hendrix and Janis
Joplin … all the rock stars on pot, cocaine, heroin, uppers,
downers, and in-betweeners…” (Parade, March 2, 1980, p.
16).
John McVie from Fleetwood Mac, and his wife, Julie, were
arrested in Honolulu for possession of cocaine. Mick
Fleetwood estimated that he had spent $8 million on cocaine
(Moser, Rock Stars, p. 76).
John Phillips of The Mamas and the Papas, known to have
been a long-time cocaine addict, was arrested and found
guilty for his involvement in a major drug ring. He admitted
squandering as much as a million dollars a year on his and
his third wife’s coke and smack habits. After his drug
conviction, he became an alcoholic. He had a liver transplant
in 1995. Mama Cass Elliott, also a member of the group, said
of drugs, “Pop music is just hard work, long hours, and a lot
of drugs” (The Book of Rock Quotes, p. 95).
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Don Henley, drummer for the Eagles, was arrested at his
home in Los Angeles when a 16-year-old girl was found nude
and overdosed on drugs. Henley, who was 33 at the time, was
charged with possession of various drugs, including
marijuana, cocaine, Quaaludes, and contributing to the
delinquency of a minor.
Hugh Cornwell, singer/guitarist for The Stranglers, was
sentenced to two months in a London jail for possession of
marijuana, cocaine, and heroin.
Jon-Jon Poulos, drummer for The Buckinghams, died in
1980 at age 32 of a drug overdose.
Darby Crash, leader of the Germs, was a nihilist who was
addicted to heroin. Crash played the leading role in the vile
1981 punk film The Decline of Western Civilization. In that
role he sang, “If I am only an animal, then I can do no
wrong.” If evolution is true, this punk rock film was right.
Crash died in December 1980 at age 22 of a drug overdose.
John Bonham, drummer for Led Zeppelin, died in
September 1980 at age 32 after drinking more than 40 shots
of vodka in twelve hours. Official cause of death was alcohol
poisoning and asphyxiation on his own vomit.
of suicide by hanging. He had been mixing epileptic
prescriptions with illegal drugs and alcohol.
Malcolm Owen, singer with The Ruts, died at 24 in 1980 of
a heroin overdose.
Steve Took, original drummer for T. Rex, died in 1980 at
age 31 from choking on a cherry pit after his throat had
become numbed with morphine (Rock Bottom, p. 33). His
uncontrolled drug use had caused his expulsion from the
band. After leaving, he joined drummer Dave Bidwell to form
a band called Shagrat. Bidwell also died of a drug overdose, as
did Bidwell’s wife (Waiting for the Man, p. 248).
O.V. Wright, Memphis soul singer, died in 1980 at age 41 of
a drug abuse-precipitated heart attack.
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Lester Bangs, member of punk band The Delinquents and
famous rock music critic for Rolling Stone and Creem
magazines, died in 1982 at age 33 of a heart attack, “resulting
from a combination of the flu, long-term respiratory
problems and the prescription drug Darvon” (Encyclopedia of
Rock Obituaries).
Tim Hardin, rock singer and songwriter, whose songs such
as “If I Were a Carpenter” and “Reason to Believe” were
covered by many rockers, died of a heroin overdose in
December 1980, only six days after his 39th birthday. Hardin
had long abused alcohol and drugs. “He took everything to
the limits—then stretched them. He ate in binges, drank to
excess, smoked constantly, doped himself up excessively,
loved suffocatingly” (Tattooed on Their Tongues, p. 212).
1981
Tracy Pew of the group Birthday Party was arrested and
imprisoned for drinking and driving offenses and drug
charges.
Bob Marley (leader of the Wailers) died in 1981 at age 36
of lung and brain cancer. He had crusaded for the legalization
of marijuana.
Robert Kimball, lead singer for Toto, was arrested for
selling four ounces of cocaine to an undercover officer.
Guy Stevens, who produced Spooky Tooth, Traffic, and
others, died in 1981 at age 42 of a heart attack. He had spent
time in jail for drug offenses.
Michael Bloomfield, who played electric guitar on Bob
Dylan’s hit “Like a Rolling Stone,” died in 1981 at age 36 from
a drug overdose (cocaine/amthamphetamine poisoning). His
life had deteriorated because of heroin addiction and he had
become increasingly irresponsible. He had stated: “I’ve got a
friend named Greenspan that says, ‘I need a little cocaine to
give me energy. I need a little liquor to give me courage. And
I need a little pot to give me inspiration.’ I believe this to be
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the case for many musicians. … I tend to stay slightly [high]
all the time” (Bloomfield, cited by Waiting for the Man, p.
213). Bloomfield also said: “I know if I take a particular
chemical, I’ll attain a state that I can rely on. So in this way, I
think drugs make a musician’s life a little more
dealable” (High Times, June 1983, p. 42).
Kit Lambert, original manager of The Who and Jimi
Hendrix, died in 1981 at age 45 after falling down a flight of
stairs. He was a chronic alcoholic and heroin addict and had
squandered his wealth.
Rick Rivers of the New York Dolls died of a combination of
drugs and alcohol.
Keith Levine of Public Image almost died of a heroin
overdose. The group took its name from bluesman Tommy
Johnson’s “Canned Heat Blues,” which dealt with the theme of
irrational drunkenness.
Bob Hite of Canned Heat died in 1981 at age 36 of a
heroin-related heart attack.
In 1981, Pete Townshend of The Who suffered a near-fatal
overdose and had to be rushed to the hospital from a London
club. He underwent electro-acupuncture treatment for his
addictions.
1982
In 1982, rock researcher David Noebel observed: “While
millions of families desperately try to rescue their children
from the unspeakably evil clutches of the drug culture—a
culture largely created and promoted by the rock ‘n’ roll
industry—the industry entices these same children right back
into it” (The Legacy of John Lennon, p. 67).
David Crosby was arrested for possession of Quaaludes
and drug paraphernalia, driving under the influence of
cocaine, and for carrying a concealed .45 caliber pistol. Two
weeks later he was arrested again for possession of cocaine
and a concealed weapon. He said, “I was stoned for every bit
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of music I’ve ever played. Every record, every performance--I
was stoned halfway out of my gourd” (The Rock Yearbook,
1984, p. 208).
Jimmy Page, former lead guitarist for Led Zeppelin, was
arrested and charged with possessing 198 milligrams of
cocaine.
Jazzman Art Pepper died in 1982 at age 56 of long years of
substance abuse. He was a heroin user who spent nearly 10
years in prison. A rehabilitation program with Synanon did
not stop him.
Bon Jovi’s manager, Doc McGhee, was arrested in 1982 and
charged with drug smuggling.
In the early 1980s, Larry Gatlin of the Gatlin Brothers
turned himself in at a drug abuse center for rehabilitation
When Stevie Ray Vaughan and his group Double Trouble
played at the Montreux Jazz Festival, he was drinking a bottle
of Chivas Regal whiskey and using seven grams of cocaine a
day.
1983
Dennis Wilson of the Beach Boys drowned twenty-four
days after his 39th birthday. His blood alcohol level was .26
percent, nearly three times the legal driving limit in
California. Traces of cocaine and Valium were also found in
his system (Helter Skelter, p. 697). In 1965, he said: “They say
I live a fast life. Maybe I just like a fast life. I wouldn’t give it
up for anything in the world.” Before his death he was
drinking a fifth of vodka a day plus using cocaine.
James Booker, an influential blues pianist who recorded for
Chess and Ace, died in 1983 at age 43 of a heart attack from
longstanding drug abuse. He claimed his drug addiction
began at age 10. He had been arrested in 1970 for drug
possession and spent time in Angola State Prison.
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Johnny Cash spent 43 days at the Betty Ford clinic in 1983.
“For years Cash has vacillated between Saturday night and
Sunday morning, between debaucher y and
devotion” (Nicholas Dawidoff, In the Country of Country, p.
193). In 1989, he was back in alcohol and drug treatment.
Chris Wood, saxophonist for the British rock group Traffic,
died in 1983 at age 39 of liver failure. He was a drug abuser.
B.J. Thomas was arrested and fined for possession of
marijuana.
In 1983 David Weiss told Rolling Stone magazine that he
used drugs to get himself into a “negative rocky state”—a selfwilled, isolated depression—so he could write the off-beat
concoction of psychedelic funk, jazzy-heavy-metal, and rockand-roll Was (Not Was) is known for” (Why Knock Rock? p.
98).
Sly Stone was arrested in 1983 when police found narcotics
and two pounds of marijuana in his vehicle. That was only
the latest in a long string of drug-related arrests. He was
arrested in July 1972, when police found narcotics and two
pounds of marijuana in his vehicle. In early 1973, Stone was
arrested for possession of cocaine, marijuana, and other
dangerous drugs. In August 1981, he was arrested for cocaine
possession. In 1982, he was charged with possession of a
freebasing kit, a handgun, and cocaine. In February 1983,
police found a sawed-off shotgun and “a quantity of white
powder” in a van occupied by Sly Stone and four other men.
In June 1983, Stone was charged with possession of cocaine
and drug paraphernalia when police found him passed out in
a motel room with a female companion. In 1987, Stone was
twice charged with possession of cocaine. In 1989, he was
sentenced to 55 days in prison for driving under the
influence of cocaine.
Police arrested 60 rock fans for drinking and drugs at a Def
Leppard concert in Columbus, Ohio.
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Rolling Stones guitarist Ron Wood was arrested for
possession of cocaine and spent his 1983 Christmas holiday
in drug rehab. He was spending more than $2,500 a week on
cocaine. After treatment, he testified that he would continue
to drink because “I didn’t want to end up like some religious
fanatic who couldn’t even enjoy a drink” (Rolling Stone, Feb.
2, 1984, p. 14).
Drummer Jim Gordon (a member of Derek and the
Dominos and one of the most famous rock session
drummers) murdered his 72-year-old mother in June 1983.
Heavily addicted to heroin, cocaine, and alcohol, he had
heard voices for years.
Pete Farndon, bass guitarist for The Pretenders, died in
1983 at age 30 from a drug overdose-induced heart attack.
1984
Paul McCartney and his wife, Linda, were arrested in
Barbados for possession of marijuana. A few days later, Linda
was again arrested, this time for importing marijuana into
Heathrow Airport.
Wells Kelly, organist and vocalist for Orleans and Meat
Loaf, died in 1984 in his mid 30s. He choked on his own
vomit after overdosing on drugs and alcohol.
Little Esther Phillips, one of the most popular female
rhythm & blues vocalists, died in 1984 at age 48 of substanceabuse-related kidney and liver failure.
Paul Gardiner, bass player with Gary Numan’s band The
Tubeway Army, died in 1984 at age 30 of a heroin overdose.
Candy Givens of Zephyr died in 1984 at age 36 of a drug
and alcohol overdose.
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1985
Ike Turner, ex-husband of Tina Turner, was arrested along
with three others for conspiracy to sell $16,000 worth of
cocaine.
Ace Frehley, former lead guitarist for Kiss, was arrested
and charged for trying to buy drugs with a forged
prescription.
David Byron, founding member of Uriah Heep, died in
1985 at age 38 of a heart attack brought on by long-term drug
and alcohol abuse.
The Grateful Dead’s Jerry Garcia was arrested and charged
with possession of narcotics. He entered a drug treatment
program, but a year later he collapsed into a near-fatal coma
caused by drug abuse.
Robbin Crosby of Ratt was arrested at a concert in Boise,
Idaho, in 1985, when he leaped into the crowd and began
smoking marijuana with the fans.
Gary Holton, vocalist for Heavy Metal Kids, died in 1985
at age 32 of a heroin overdose.
Vince Neil of Motley Crew was convicted of vehicular
manslaughter after he killed one person and seriously injured
two others in a drug- and alcohol-related car crash. The band
had been on an alcohol-drug orgy for three days before the
accident. The morning of the third day, Neil decided to drive
four blocks to purchase more liquor. The drummer for rock
group Hanoi Rocks, Nicholas Dingley, went along for the ride
and was killed when Neil lost control of his car and spun into
the path of an oncoming Volkswagen.
When Ricky Nelson, one of the pioneers of rock music,
died in 1985 at age 45 in a private airplane crash, traces of
cocaine and alcohol were found in his body and in the bodies
of those who died with him in the crash.
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1986
NBC’s Nightly News reporter Brian Ross broadcast a report
on drugs used as payola in the music industry. Miami disc
jockey Don Cox testified that it was common to be offered
cocaine for promoting a record” (Waiting for the Man, p.
206).
Howard Hewett, former lead singer for Shalamar, along
with his wife, was arrested for selling a kilo of cocaine to an
undercover officer.
Boy George of Culture Club was arrested and charged with
possession of heroin. His brother claimed Boy George had a
$1,200 a day heroin habit. Later the same year, Boy George
and his friend Mark Golding were arrested for possession of
marijuana. Golding died the next day of an overdose of
heroin and methadone. Another of George’s friends,
keyboardist Michael Rudetsky, who had played on the album
From Luxury to Heartache and who was helping Boy George
produce another album, also died of heroin overdose in 1986.
In the 1980s, Smokey Robinson was addicted to drugs and
almost lost his marriage.
Francis Rossi of Status Quo was fined 600 pounds for
possession of cocaine.
In September 1986, after experiencing severe internal
bleeding from the substance abuse, Stevie Ray Vaughn
entered treatment in the Alcoholics Anonymous program.
His rock musician brother, Jimmy, was also deeply abusive of
alcohol and drugs.
Hollywood Fats, of The John Harmon Band and The
Blasters, died in 1986 at age 33 of a drug-induced heart
attack.
By 1986, Daniel Johnson, who is something of a cult figure
in rock circles, followed in the footsteps of his heroes, the
Beatles, and began using the powerful hallucinogenic drug
LSD. He suffered a complete mental breakdown.
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Philip Lynott of Thin Lizzy died in January 1986 at age 34
of drug overdose-related heart failure. Nine months later,
Liam Kelly, former roadie with Thin Lizzy, went to prison for
two years for supplying cocaine to Lynott.
When asked by USA Today what he thought of the use of
drugs and alcohol in the entertainment industry, David Lee
Roth of Van Halen replied: “If you took away every musician
… who drank or did drugs, you wouldn’t have anybody
left” (NRD Journal, Oct. 1986, p. 9).
1987
Aerosmith’s guitarist, Joe Perry, acknowledged that drugs
nearly killed him and vocalist Steven Tyler. The two were
nicknamed “the Toxic Twins” for their heroin use. Perry said:
“I spent so many years sedated. We were all addicted, some
more than others. Everyone in the band has been through an
up and down thing — whether it’s alcohol or cocaine, I guess
Steven and I have been the worst as far as that goes. We’ve
been junkies, heroin addicts, and we thought it worked really
well in the early years…” (OM, Oct. 1987, p. 33, cited by John
Muncy, The Role of Rock, p. 135).
Newsweek magazine described the Beastie Boys in these
terms: “Among other things, the Boys lustily exclaim the
joys . . . getting high—a frosty brew and angel dust are the
drugs of choice in their lyrics” (Feb. 2, 1987, p. 70).
Mick Jagger said: “It still seems absurd to me now that
anybody can actually be put in jail for smoking marijuana or
even selling it. It’s absurd” (Rolling Stone, Nov. 5 - Dec. 10,
1987, p. 32).
Doc McGhee (manager for Motley Crue and Bon Jovi) was
convicted of helping to smuggle 20 tons of marijuana into the
United States.
Ed Williams of Lil’ Ed & the Blues Imperials developed a
drug and alcohol dependency that forced him to “break up
his band and take a hiatus in order to get cleaned up and shed
515
some of the baggage that had come with a life in the
blues” (Grand Rapids Press, Grand Rapids, Michigan, July 23,
1999, The Weekend, p. 5).
Jaco Pastorius of Weather Report, who died in 1987 at age
35 of head injuries suffered during a bar fight, was addicted
to heroin and liquor.
Former Clash drummer Topper Headon was jailed for 15
months for supplying heroin to a man who later died.
Headon himself almost died of a heroin overdose. Joe
Strummer of The Clash said: “I’ve smoked so much pot, I’m
surprised I haven’t turned into a bush” (The Rock Yearbook,
Vol. 5, p. 166).
Paul Butterfield, founder of the Paul Butterfield Blues
Band, died in 1987 at age 44 of a drug-related heart attack.
Will Shatter of the punk group Flipper died in 1987 at age
31 of a heroin overdose.
David Savoy, manager of the punk rock group Hüsker Dü,
killed himself in 1987 at roughly age 27. The group was
plagued with drug and alcohol abuse problems.
William Reed, of The Jesus and Mary chain, said:
“Sometimes speed makes me feel like I could walk on
water” (The Rock Yearbook, 1987, p. 133).
Nikki Sixx of the Motley Crew almost died in 1987 of a
drug overdose.
Guitarist Peter Tosh of the Wailers died in 1987 at age 42.
He had called for the legalization of marijuana and had been
jailed for possession of marijuana in the mid-sixties.
1988
Andy Gibb of the Bee Gees, who died in 1988 at age 30 of a
cardiac infection, had long been addicted to cocaine and
three years earlier had undergone treatment at the Betty Ford
Clinic.
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James Brown and his wife, Adrienne, were arrested for
possession of PCP, also known as Angel Dust.
Hillel Slovak of Red Hot Chili Peppers died in 1988 at age
26 of a heroin overdose. Jack Irons was also addicted to
heroin.
Dave Prater of Sam and Dave died in 1988 at age 50 of
injuries sustained in a car wreck. He was a long-time drunk
and drug addict, had shot his wife to death in 1968, and had
been arrested in 1988 for selling crack cocaine.
Jimmy Soul, who had the 1963 hit “If You Want to Be
Happy,” died in 1988 at age 45 of a heart attack. He was in
prison serving his third long-term drug conviction.
Well-known jazz trumpeter Chet Baker died in May 1988
at age 58 by falling from a hotel window in Amsterdam after
“taking heaps of drugs.”
1989
Vincent Crane of Atomic Rooster committed suicide in
February 1989 at age 45 by overdosing on sleeping pills.
Ozzy Osbourne’s outrageous drug abuse did not stop in the
1970s. In 1989, he was charged with threatening to kill his
wife during a drug rage. He has come close to dying
numerous times because of his alcohol and drug abuse.
Today, by his own admission, he maintains something of an
even keel by means of Prozac.
Mike Dirnt of Green Day said, “I think drinking and doing
drugs are very important. … To me, everybody should drop
acid at least once.” Tre Cool added, “People bring weed
[marijuana] to our shows; that’s wonderful.” Billie Joe
Armstrong admitted that he had an alcohol problem but
claimed that their main drug of choice is speed.
By 1989, three members of the Guns n’ Roses were
addicted to heroin. Drummer Steve Adler was forced to leave
the group because of his addiction.
517
Phineas Newborn, Jr., well known Beale Street bluesmen,
died in 1989 at age 57 from drug- and alcohol-induced heart
illness.
Cowboy, of The Furious Five (one of the first groups to
perform rap), who died in 1989 at age 28 of an undisclosed
illness, had used crack cocaine heavily and had been arrested
frequently on drug charges.
1990
In the early 1990s Steve Earle entered a drug detoxification
program.
By 1990, Elton John, near self-destruction through years of
drug abuse and debauched living, checked himself into a
treatment center to overcome his addictions.
Ike Turner was convicted in 1990 on several charges,
including possessing and transporting cocaine, and
sentenced to 18 months in jail. “He was in prison when he
and Tina were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
in January 1991” (Rolling Stone Encyclopedia).
Dave Mustaine of Megadeth was arrested in early 1990
when police found him driving under the influence of heroin,
cocaine, speed, and liquor.
Pearl Jam was named “after a psychedelic confection made
by one of the band member’s half-Native American greatgrandmother” (Rolling Stone Encyclopedia).
Around 1990, Sean Ryder of Happy Mondays announced
that he was a heroin addict and was undergoing
detoxification treatment.
B.J. Wilson of Procol Harum died in 1990 at age 43 from
the effects of a drug overdose. He had been in a drug-induced
coma since 1987.
Rob Graves of punk rock bands 45 Graves and Thelonius
Monster died in 1990 at age 30 of a heroin overdose.
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Andrew Wood, pioneer of grunge rock and member of
Mother Love Bone (which gave birth to Pearl Jam), died in
March 1990 at age 24 from heroin overdose.
1991
Gene Clark, who played tambourine and guitar for The
Byrds, died in 1991 at age 47 of a heart attack after long years
of drug and alcohol abuse.
Johnny Thunders died in 1991 at age 38 of an overdose of
methadone. Thunders had often been through detox
programs and had made light of heroin addiction in his solo
album titled Too Much Junkie Business.
Martin Hannett, famous British rock producer, died in
April 1991 at age 43 of a heart attack brought about by years
of alcohol and drug abuse.
1992
Eddie Hazel, guitarist for Parliament and Funkadelic, died
in 1992 at age 42 of complications from liver failure. He was
convicted and jailed for drug possession in 1974.
Drummer Jeff Porcaro, who played for Toto and Steely
Dan, died in 1992 at age 38 of cocaine abuse-related heart
attack.
Ollie Halsall of the British group Patto, who died in 1992 at
age 43 of a heart attack, had abused drugs.
Stefanie Sargant, guitarist for the grunge band Seven Year
Bitch, died in June 1992 of a heroin overdose at age 24.
Jerry Nolan of the Heartbreakers and the New York Dolls
died in 1992 at age 40 of a drug-related stroke. The
Heartbreakers had songs such as “Chinese Rocks” and “Too
Much Junkie Business” which glorified the heroin-junkie
lifestyle.
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1993
Depeche Mode almost fell apart in 1993 because of Dave
Gahan’s heroin habit.
Patrick Waite, bassist for Musical Youth, died in 1993 at
age 25 of a “mystery virus” while awaiting trial on charges of
marijuana possession.
In 1993, David Lee Roth, formerly of Van Halen, was
arrested while purchasing marijuana in Washington Square
Park.
G.G. Allin died in June 1993 at age 36 of a heroin overdose.
British rocker Rob Jones died in 1993 at age 29 of an
accidental heroin overdose.
Toy Caldwell, co-founder of the Marshall Tucker Band,
died in 1993 at age 44 of cocaine-related respiratory failure.
1994
Kristen Pfaff, bass guitarist for Hole, died in 1994 at age 27
of an overdose of heroin.
Fred “Sonic” Smith of MC5 died in 1994 at age 47 of a
heart attack after many years of drug/alcohol abuse.
Ken “Dimwit” Montgomery, who played with D.O.A. (dead
on arrival), Subhumans, Pointed Sticks, and others,
overdosed on heroin in September 1994 at age 36.
Kurt Cobain, leader of Nirvana, blasted himself in the head
with a shotgun in a room above his garage in April 1994, at
age 27. He was addicted to heroin and other drugs and had
attempted suicide several times before.
Punk rocker Billy Idol overdosed on drugs in 1994 and
1996. He said, “Drugs don’t really alter your perception or
anything that much. I mean they do, but I think if you feel
pretty much in control of who you are, then drugs aren’t
really a problem” (Song Hits, May 1984, p. 15).
Brian Warner (Marilyn Manson), began using drugs at an
early age. He says: “I tend not to advocate drugs to anybody.
520
Use them how you want. It’s your own discretion. We all use
drugs in our own ways” (Kurt Reighley, Marilyn Manson, p.
41). At that time he used cocaine, crystal methamphetamine,
and Valium. Marilyn Manson band members Madonna and
Daisy smoked pot “from the minute they wake up until the
minute they go to sleep” (Reighley, p. 105).
1995
Shannon Hoon, screaming lead singer for Blind Melon,
died in 1995 at age 28 of a cocaine overdose.
Bob Stinson, guitarist for The Replacements, died in 1995
at age 35 of a drug overdose.
Bassist Frank O’Keefe of the Outlaws died in 1995 at age 45
of a drug overdose.
Phyllis Hyman, who had the hit jazz album Living All
Alone in 1977, committed suicide in 1995 at age 45 by a drug
overdose.
Dwayne Goettel, of the Canadian punk rock group Skinny
Puppy, died in 1995 at age 31 from a heroin overdose. He had
“became erratic and self-destructive, sometimes cutting
himself up with strings of barbed wire” and going on “drug
binges” (Alan Cross, Over the Edge, p. 158).
1996
Dave Gahan of Depeche Mode was arrested in 1996 for
possession of cocaine. He had overdosed and gone into full
cardiac arrest in his hotel room.
Jeffrey Lee Pierce, leader of the Gun Club, was a drunkard
and drug abuser who died in 1996 at age 37 of a cerebral
hemorrhage.
Wilson Pickett was arrested for drug offenses in 1996.
Brad Nowell, lead singer for Sublime, died on May 25, 1996
of a heroin overdose. He was 28 years old and had been
addicted to heroin and cocaine for many years.
521
Jonathan Melvoin, Smashing Pumpkins’ touring
keyboardist, died of a heroin overdose in 1997 at age 35. The
substance he died from is called Red Rum or “Mur-der”
spelled backward. It is extremely popular among rock & roll
lovers. Jimmy Chamberlin, another band member, overdosed
with Melvoin.
British paper The News of the World reported that the
Gallagher brothers were spending 4,000 pounds per week on
cocaine.
Alexander “Skip” Spence, original drummer for Jefferson
Airplane, took hundreds of LSD trips and finally went mad.
1997
Billy MacKenzie, vocalist for the rock group Associates,
died in January 1997 at age 39 by suicide from an overdose of
drugs.
Keith Ferguson of The Fabulous Thunderbirds died in 1997
at age 49 of liver failure caused by long-term heroin use.
Glen Buxton, original guitarist and keyboardist for Alice
Cooper, died in 1997 at age 49 of long-term drug abuserelated problems.
Nick Traina of the punk group Link 80 committed suicide
with an overdose of morphine in 1997 at age 18.
1998
In January 1998, James Brown was in a hospital under
treatment for addiction to painkillers (Whatever Happened
to..., p. 38). He was arrested again in July for marijuana
possession and unlawful use of a firearm (Rolling Stone, Dec.
24, 1998, p. 72).
Rob Pilatus of Milli Vanilli died in 1998 at age 32 of an
overdose of alcohol and pills. He had been ordered to enter
drug rehabilitation for the tenth time a short while earlier.
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Jazz pianist Kenny Kirkland, who was part of Sting’s
recording and touring band, died in 1998 at age 43 of heart
disease and cerebral hemorrhage brought on by a cocaine
overdose. Drug paraphernalia was found at the scene of his
death.
Stacy Guess of The Squirrel Nut Zippers died in 1998 at
age 33 of a heroin overdose.
Rozz Williams, of the gothic rock group Christian Death,
who hanged himself in 1998 at age 34, was addicted to
heroin.
Manilyn Manson said, “Let’s all take drugs and we’ll be
fine” (Politically Incorrect, October 2, 1998).
1999
John Baker Saunders of Mad Season died at age 44 of a
drug overdose.
2000
Matthew Roberts of Blaggers I.T.A. died in February 2000
at age 36 of drug related causes.
2002
Layne Staley, lead singer and guitarist for the grunge band
Alice in Chains, was found dead in his apartment in April
2002. Police suggested his death was drug related. He was 34.
In a 1996 interview with Rolling Stone magazine, Staley said,
“I wrote about drugs, and I didn’t think I was being unsafe or
careless by writing about them.”
Dee Dee Ramone, of the pioneer punk band the Ramones,
died of a possible drug overdose in June 2002 at age 49. Drug
paraphernalia were found nearby. The Ramones best-known
songs included “I Wanna Be Sedated” and “Now I Wanna
Sniff Some Glue.” Dee Dee Ramone was the co-author of the
song “Chinese Rock,” which is about heroin abuse.
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John Entwistle, bass player for The Who, died June 27,
2002, at age 57 of an apparent heart attack. He was found
dead in his hotel room in Las Vegas, where the band was
preparing to start an American tour. A large amount of
cocaine was in his system at the time of death.
2009
Eminem admitted that he had a drug addiction for many
years. He said he consumed from 40-60 Valium and 30
Vicodin tablets a day (“Eminem Bounces Back,” Tiffany
McGee, May 4, 2009). He overdosed on methadone in 2007.
Doctors said he had taken the equivalent of four bags of
heroin.
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Rock Music, Blasphemy, and Antichrist
The following are just a few examples of the blasphemous,
occultic, antichrist spirit that permeates much of rock music.
The very names of many rock groups speak of blasphemy
against Jesus Christ and the God of the Bible. Examples are
Black Sabbath, Cloven Hoof, Crown of Thorns, Crucifix,
Darkthrone, Deicide, Christian Death, Rosemary’s Baby,
Voodoo Church, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, etc.
The Beatles were very anti-christ and blasphemous. Their
press officer, Derek Taylor, testified: “They’re completely antiChrist. I mean, I am anti-Christ as well, but they’re so antiChrist they shock me which isn’t an easy thing” (Saturday
Evening Post, August 8-15, 1964, p. 25).
In 1964, Paul McCartney stated, “We probably seem to be
anti-religious ... none of us believes in God.”
By age 11, John Lennon was permanently barred from
Sunday services in his aunt’s Anglican church because he
“repeatedly improvised obscene and impious lyrics to the
p. 114). He did things even cruder and viler than that, such as
urinate on members of the “clergy” from second floor
windows and display homemade dummies of Christ in lewd
poses.
In 1966, Lennon created a furor by claiming: “Christianity
will go, it will vanish and shrink. I needn’t argue about that.
I’m right and will be proved right. ... We’re more popular than
Jesus now” (Newsweek, March 21, 1966). Though he claimed
that he was misunderstood and gave a half-hearted apology
(after learning that his remarks might financially jeopardize
their U.S. tour), it is obvious what the head Beatle thought
about Christianity.
In his 1965 book A Spaniard in the Works, published by
Simon and Schuster, Lennon portrayed Jesus Christ as Jesus
El Pifico, a “garlic eating, stinking little yellow, greasy fascist
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bastard Catholic Spaniard.” In this wicked book, Lennon
blasphemed the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit by calling them
“Fahter, Sock, and Mickey Most.”
In his hugely popular song “Imagine” (1971), Lennon
mused: “Imagine there’s no heaven … No hell below us,
above us only sky. … no religion too/ You may say I’m a
dreamer, but I’m not the only one/ I hope some day you’ll
join us, and the world will live as one.” That is a blasphemous
denial of Almighty God and a repudiation of His Holy Word.
In his song “I Found Out,” Lennon exclaimed: “There ain’t
no Jesus gonna come from the sky.”
In the 1970 song “God” from his Plastic Ono Band album,
Lennon stated that he did not believe in God, the Bible, or
Jesus Christ. “I just believe in me/ Yoko and me/ And that’s
reality.”
George Harrison financed Monty Python’s vile and
blasphemous Life of Brian, which even Newsweek magazine
described as “irreverent.” Time magazine called it an “intense
assault on religion” (Sept. 17, 1979, p. 101).
Paul McCartney described himself and the other Beatles as
“four iconoclastic, brass-hard, post-Christian, pragmatic
realists” (Time, Sept. 5, 1968, p. 60).
The blasphemous rock opera Tommy featured rock & roll’s
most famous guitarist, Eric Clapton, plus The Who and Elton
John. Other rockers who have performed in it are Phil
Collins, Patti LaBelle, Steve Winwood, Billy Idol, and Tina
Turner.
Movie reviewer Anthony Hilder called the opera “the most
blatantly anti-Christian movie malignancy ever made, at any
time, anywhere, by any one. … Everything is done to
desecrate Christianity” (Hilder, cited by David Noebel, The
Legacy of John Lennon, p. 45). Tommy depicts the worship of
licentious movie star Marilyn Monroe.
Yet Tommy has been very popular and continues to be
performed in many parts of the world to wide acclaim. The
526
chief curator of the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Museum called
Tommy “one of The Who’s greatest works” (“Tommy: The
Amazing Journey,” Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Mar. 12,
2006). It has been made into a movie, a Broadway musical, an
opera, a ballet, and a television special. The album has sold 20
million copies.
Marilyn Manson (real name Brian Warner) was nominated
“a reverend” in Anton LeVey’s Church of Satan (National
Liberty Journal, June 1999). Warner’s message is that each
person is his own god and can make his own rules.
The cover for the Marilyn Manson album HolyWood
depicted a rotting crucified man on the cover, which is a
mockery of Christ’s crucifixion and a denial of His
resurrection.
The band’s second album was blasphemously titled
Antichrist Superstar. Warner claims that “a lot of it was culled
from dreams that I’ve been having.” He says: “For me, the
idea of Antichrist is an unspoken knowledge that every
person has, and it’s just the denial of God and the acceptance
of yourself as a powerful entity that can make their own
decisions” (Reighley, Marilyn Manson, p. 138).
The Marilyn Manson song “The Reflecting God”
blasphemously states: “I went to god just to see/ and I was
looking at me/ saw heaven and hell were lies/ when I’m god
everybody dies/ can you feel my power?”
Warner has ripped up Bibles, burned Bibles, and spit on
pictures of Jesus. It is said that he has worn a bracelet with the
letters WWJD, saying that it stands for “We Want Jesus
Dead.”
He says: “Hopefully, I’ll be remembered as the one who
brought an end to Christianity. … Each age must have at least
one brave individual that tries to bring an end to
Christianity. ... No one has managed to succeed yet; maybe
through music we can finally do it” (Spin, August 1996, p.
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34). We have news for Mr. Manson. True Christianity will
never end, because Jesus Christ is the eternal God.
Led Zeppelin’s famous guitarist, Jimmy Page, was a
follower of Satanist Aleister Crowley. In 1970, Page purchased
Crowley’s estate on the shores of Loch Ness. Page scored a
soundtrack for Kenneth Anger’s occultic, Crowley-inspired
film, Lucifer Rising. Page’s collection of original Crowley
books and possessions is among the best in the world. In
1975, Page financed an occultic bookshop called Equinox,
named after a Crowley journal of magic, and published outof-print writings by the Satanist. Page testified, “I think
Aleister Crowley is completely relevant to today. We’re all
still seeking for truth—the search goes on. … Magic is very
important if people can go through with it” (Hammer of the
Gods: The Led Zeppelin Saga, p. 229). Page called Crowley a
“misunderstood genius” and praised his philosophy as the
“liberation of the person.” Page had Crowley’s statement “Do
What Thou Wilt” inscribed in the plastic surrounding the
label of Led Zeppelin III (Steve Taylor, Hungry for Heaven, p.
94). Led Zeppelin conducted a “mock” Black Mass during a
record release party, holding the event “in the underground
caves which formerly housed similar rites perpetrated by Sir
Francis Dashwood and his debauched Hellfire Club two
centuries earlier” (Moyhihan, Lords of Chaos, p. 4). Led
Zeppelin’s song “Houses of the Holy” is sung to Satan. “Let
the music be your master/ Will you heed the master’s call/
Oh, Satan...” The inside cover of Led Zeppelin IV pictures a
satanic high priest with a lantern and a hexagram in his hand.
Jimmy Page said their 1976 album, Presence, was named to
describe the force or power behind the group’s musical
genius.
Famous Satanist Aleister Crowley, who has had a large
influence upon modern rock music, once offered himself to
the Russian authorities to help destroy Christianity (Steve
Turner, Hungry for Heaven, p. 92). Crowley is gone, though.
Mick Jagger of the Rolling Stones and Jimmy Page of Led
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Zeppelin both scored soundtracks for film about Crowley. As
we have seen, Page was a Crowley fanatic. Crowley’s photo
appeared on the Beatles’ Sargent Pepper album cover. The
Beatles testified that the characters who appeared on the
album were their “heroes.” John Lennon explained to Playboy
magazine that “the whole Beatle idea was to do what you
want … do what thou wilst, as long as it doesn’t hurt
somebody” (Lennon, cited by David Sheff, The Playboy
Interviews with John Lennon and Yoko Ono, p. 61). This was
precisely what Crowley taught. Ozzy Osbourne’s song “Mr.
Crowley” glorifies the drug-crazed Satanist. Osbourne called
Crowley “a phenomenon of his time” (Circus, Aug. 26, 1980,
p. 26). On the back cover of The Doors’ 13 album, Jim
Morrison and the other members of the band are shown
posing with a bust of Aleister Crowley. David Bowie referred
to Crowley in his song “Quicksand” from the album The Man
Who Sold the World. Graham Bond thought he was Crowley’s
illegitimate son and recorded albums of satanic rituals with
his band Holy Magick. Iron Maiden lead singer Bruce
Dickinson said: “… we’ve referred to things like the tarot and
ideas of people like Aleister Crowley” (Circus, Aug. 31, 1984).
The members of the Grateful Dead got a reader’s ticket to
London’s Warburg Institute, where the most complete
collection of magical books in the English language is housed
along with many of Aleister Crowley’s manuscripts” (Turner,
Hungry for Heaven, p. 119). Daryl Hall of the rock duo Hall
and Oates admitted that he followed Crowley. “I became
fascinated with Aleister Crowley, the nineteenth-century
British magician who shared those beliefs. … I was fascinated
by him because his personality was the late-nineteenthcentury equivalent of mine—a person brought up in a
conventionally religious family who did everything he could
to outrage the people around him as well as himself ” (Rock
Lives: Profiles and Interviews, p. 584). Hall owned a signed
and numbered copy of Crowley’s The Book of Thoth (about an
Egyptian god). Sting, formerly of the Police, spent many
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hours studying Crowley’s writings. Stiv Bators, lead singer for
The Dead Boys and Lords of the New Church, had a song
entitled “Do What Thou Wilt/ This Is the Law,” after
Crowley’s philosophy. In another song, Bators sang: “I heard
the devil curse/ I recognized my name.” Michael Jackson’s
Dangerous CD featured Crowley on the front cover. Rappers
Jay-Z and Tyler the Creator have worn Crowley t-shirts.
Paradise Lost has used Crowley’s own readings of his works
in its songs.
The Rolling Stones have been deeply involved with the
occult. Newsweek magazine called Mick Jagger “the Lucifer of
rock” and “the unholy roller.” The cover to the album Goat
Head Soup featured a severed goat’s head floating in a boiling
cauldron, symbolic of Satan worship. The cover to Their
Satanic Majesty’s Request depicted the group posed as
warlocks. The 1968 song “Sympathy for the Devil” from the
Beggars Banquet album is the unofficial song for Satanic
groups in America. The song contains pounding African
drums and screams that sound like the field recording of an
African voodoo ceremony. At the end of The Rolling Stones’
Rock ‘n’ Roll Circus tour, Jagger ripped off his shirt to reveal a
tattoo of the devil on his chest. Brian Jones was dressed as the
devil at that concert, which was to be his last. The concert
ended with “Sympathy for the Devil.”
Yet the Rolling Stones are one of the most popular and
acclaimed rock bands of all time. “Symphony for the Devil”
was ranked No. 32 in the Rolling Stone magazine’s “500
Greatest Songs of All Time.” The Rolling Stones have sold 250
million albums.
Motley Crue’s first hit album was Shout at the Devil. The
album cover was black and depicted a large satanic
pentagram. Nikki Sixx said: “We have skulls, pentagrams, and
all kinds of satanic symbols on stage. I’ve always flirted with
the devil” (Circus, Jan. 31, 1984, p. 70). Their song “City Boy
Blues” blasphemously stated, “Don’t look to Jesus to change
your seasons.” The song “Wild Side” was also blasphemous: “I
530
carry my crucifix under my death list/ Forward my mail to
me in hell/ Our father who ain’t in Heaven/ Be thy name on
the wild side.”
The group Danzig, led by Glenn Danzig, has a logo with a
picture of a demon strangling Jesus Christ while blood is
coming out of Christ’s bulging eyes. Danzig conceived of the
vile logo and told a reporter that “it’s cool” (Heartbeat of the
Dragon, p. 124). Their song “Until You Call on the Dark” says:
“I wanna be the God who kills/ I wanna be the Christ who
dies/ Upon the fires of infamy.” The inside of Danzig’s album
Lucifuge depicted Glenn Danzig wearing the cross of Jesus
Christ — upside down — with a demon’s head in the middle
of it. Danzig’s song “Snakes of Christ” says: “Serpent Jesus/
snake of Christ/ nailed to a cross/ of a holy design/ blood to
water/ water to wine/ whip the soul ‘til a mother cries/ bring
it down/ pierce the side/ start the legend with a funeral rite/
serpent Jesus/ snake of Christ/ Gonna build you/ a world of
lies.”
The cover of Deicide’s album Once upon the Cross depicts
Jesus Christ taken off the cross, cut open, and his insides
being removed. They sing about the joys of killing Jesus in
songs like “Crucifixation” and “Deicide.” Lead singer Glen
Benton branded an inverted cross on his forehead and named
his son Daemon, allegedly meaning “master of the
supernatural.”
Black Sabbath has spewed forth a constant stream of abuse
and hatred toward Bible-believing Christians. Their 1989
album and 1990 tour was called the Headless Cross, which is
blasphemy against Jesus Christ. Of that album, Black Sabbath
lead singer at the time, Tony Martin, said, “With Headless
Cross I went as far to the dark side as I could possibly get
away with...” (Mike Stark, Black Sabbath, p. 84). They placed
inverted crosses on the platform during concerts. (Witchcraft
uses inverted crosses to symbolize blasphemy against Christ
and a rejection of His atonement.)
531
At a concert in Ontario, Canada, Black Sabbath gave an
altar call to Lucifer, inviting the audience to commit their
lives to Satan (H.T. Spence, Confronting Contemporary
Christian Music, p. 99). Black Sabbath lead singer, Ronnie
James Dio gave the satanic salute at concerts and invited the
audiences to do the same. At that moment, a cross onstage
would burst into flames. The song “Master of Reality”
presented Satan as lord of the rock & roller. “Your soul is ill,
but you will not find a cure/ Your world was made for you by
someone above/ But you chose evil ways instead of love/ You
made me master of the world where you exist/ The soul I
took from you was not even missed/ Lord of this world …
Evil possessor … Lord of this world … He’s your confessor
now!”
Ozzy Osbourne’s song “Who Are You” calls Jesus Christ a
liar and says that Christians are blind (From Rock to Rock, p.
133).
Black Sabbath bassist Geezer Butler gave the following
testimony in 1996: “I was really interested [in the occult]
because I was brought up Catholic. When I was a kid, I was a
religious maniac. I loved anything to do with religion and
God. Being a Catholic, every week you hear what the devil
does and ‘Satan’s this’ and ‘Satan’s that,’ so you really believe
in it. What sparked my interest was when I was in London
around 1966-67. There was a whole new culture happening
and this one guy used to sell these black magic magazines. I
read a magazine and thought, ‘Oh yea, I never thought of it
like that’—Satan’s point of view. I just started reading more
and more ... You come to a point where you cross over and
totally follow it and totally forget about Jesus and
God” (Butler, interview with Steve Blush, Seconds magazine,
1996, Issue 39, p. 64).
Ronnie James Dio, the lead singer for Black Sabbath from
1979 to 1982, admits that he has studied the occult and
attempted to contact the spirit world via séances (Hit Parader,
Feb. 1985, p. 17). After he pursued a solo career, he continued
532
his occultic involvement and his blasphemy. He named
himself Dio (his real name is Padavana), which means “God.”
On his albums, he spells Dio upside down, referring to the
devil (Creem, Oct. 1985, p. 8). The stage for his Sacred Heart
album tour featured a leering, red-eyed creature symbolizing
Satan. The cover to his album Holy Diver depicted a priest or
a preacher in chains being thrust into the sea, depicting the
lie that the devil has power over Christianity. Of course, none
of these rockers make a distinction between true and false
Christianity.
Yet Black Sabbath has won two Grammys and sold more
than 70 million records. They have been ranked by MTV as
“the greatest metal band” and by VH1 as No. 2 in its “100
Greatest Artists of Hard Rock” list. In recent years, Black
Sabbath leader Ozzy Osbourne has enjoyed mainstream
acceptance. His reality television show was the most popular
program on MTV in the early 2000s. He was lauded by
President George W. Bush at the 2002 White House
Correspondents Dinner. He has appeared on Jay Leno’s The
Tonight Show.
Jefferson Airplane’s original singer, Grace Slick,
blasphemously named her illegitimate child “god” (The Rock
Report, p. 85). Before the birth certificate was recorded,
though, the child’s name was changed to “China.” The
Jefferson Airplane song “The Son of Jesus” from the Long
John Silver album is filled with blasphemy against Jesus
Christ. The song claims that Christ’s miracles “go only so far,”
that he learned his “secret” wisdom in Egypt, that he had
sexual relations with Mary Magdalene, and that God the
Father was sexually attracted to Jesus’ daughter. The Long
John Silver album was the 20th most popular album at the
time. Jefferson Airplane’s song “El Diablo” (Spanish for “the
devil”) says, “El Diablo I can feel your power in my soul…”
The leader of the Swedish rock group Bathory said they
wore crosses upside down “to show everybody that I’d rather
533
turn to Satan than to Christ” (1993 interview with Quorthon,
Michael Moynihan, Lords of Chaos, p. 18).
During performances, David Bowie’s Ziggy Stardust
character blasphemously offered himself as a rock & roll
suicide “in mocker y of the martyrdom of Jesus
Christ” (Flowers in the Dustbin, p. 300). In his weird song
“Modern Love,” Bowie promoted the idea that God is a myth.
“Get me to the church on time/ church on time terrifies me/
Church on time makes me party/ church on time puts my
trust in God and man/ God and man no religion/ God and
man don’t believe in modern love.”
The British rock group Crass was investigated by the police
for “criminal blasphemy” because they slandered the name of
Christ. One of the band members wore a tee shirt which said
“Destroy Christianity” (The Legacy of John Lennon, p. 93).
The popular rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar blasphemed
the Christ of the Bible, depicting him as one who is a
confused, doubting, fearful man, a man who dies for his own
sin and does not rise from the dead.
The British rock group Venom has endorsed Satanism.
Their music was characterized by “an open policy of violent
opposition to Judeo-Christianity” and “endless blasphemy.”
In a 1997 interview, band member Abaddon admitted that he
has been a Satanist and that he “got a lot from people like
LaVey” (Lords of Chaos, p. 10). Venom songs include
“Welcome to Hell,” “In League with Satan,” “Sons of Satan,”
“Possessed,” and “Heaven’s on Fire.” The cover to one of
Venom’s albums states: “Without any fear of God, we’re
possessed by all that is evil. The death of you, God, we
demand. We spit at the virgin you worship and sit at lord
Satan’s left hand” (The Rock Report, p. 91).
Death metal rocker Varg Vikernes, who was convicted of
murdering another death metal rocker in Norway, claims that
he worships the Odin, the Viking god of war and death, “the
one-eyed enemy of the Christian God” (Steve Turner, Hungry
for Heaven, p. 100).
534
Punk rocker Patti Smith said her mother was a devout
Catholic and her father was an atheist and that she inherited
both sides. She learned to blaspheme and swear against God
from her father and to be “religious” from her mother. She
said that as she read the Bible she fell in love with rebels, such
as Eve, Cain, and Lucifer. On her 1975 song “Gloria,” she
sang:
Jesus died for somebody's sins but not mine
Meltin' in a pot of thieves
Wild card up my sleeve
Thick heart of stone
My sins my own
They belong to me, me
People say “beware!”
But I don't care
The words are just
Rules and regulations to me, me
AC/DC’s song “Hell’s Bells” says: “if God’s on the left, then
I’m stickin’ to the right! … If you’re into evil, you’re a friend
of mine.” The album Back in Black, on which “Hell’s Bells”
appeared, has sold 50 million copies and is the bestselling
hard rock album of all time. The song “Hell’s Bells” is ranked
at No. 190 on Rolling Stones’ “500 Greatest Songs of All
Time” and No. 2 on VH1’s “Greatest Hard Rock Songs.” The
San Diego Padres baseball team used this vile song as the
theme song for their pitcher Trevor Hoffman.
The group Devo mocked Bible-believing Christians. The
song “Thru Being Cool” said: “We’re through being cool/
Eliminate the ninnies and the twits/ Going to bang some
heads . . . / Time to show those evil spuds what’s what…” In
Creem magazine they said the ninnies and twits refer to “the
guys in the polyester suits beating Bibles” (Jan. 1982, p. 43).
The Dead Kennedys often blasphemed Jesus Christ and
mocked Christians. The song “Religious Vomit” in the
blasphemous album In God We Trust stated: “All religions
535
make me wanna throw up/ All religions make me sick/ All
religions make me wanna throw up...”
The cover to the Eagles’ album Hotel California contains a
photo of Anton LaVey, founder of the First Church of Satan
and author of The Satanic Bible. Eagles recording manager
Larry Salter said the group had dealings with the Church of
Satan (Waco Tribune Herald, Feb. 28, 1982, cited in The Rock
Report, p. 38). The Eagles’ song “Good Day in Hell” stated:
“In that good book of names/ I wanna’ go down in flames/
seein’ how I’m going down … Fire, devil’s on the phone
laughs and says you’re doing just fine.”
Fleetwood Mac’s singer, Stevie Nicks, was deeply involved
in witchcraft. Rolling Stone called her “Fleetwood Mac’s blond
priestess of the occult” (Rolling Stone, Sept. 17, 1981, p. 57).
She has dressed as a witch on some of her solo album covers.
Her music was published under the name “Welch Witch
Music.” The booklet for her 1983 Wild Heart tour says, “She
believes in angels, witches and magic wands.” Nicks’ song
“Lonely Night” was dedicated to all the lonely witches in the
world (The Rock Report, p. 41).
Daryl Hall of the rock duo Hall and Oates, has been
involved in the occult. He says, “I believe in the ability to
change reality through will, and that is the definition of
magic. I feel I’ve done that” (Rolling Stone, Jan. 17, 1985, p.
22). “Around 1974, I graduated into the occult, and spent a
solid six or seven years immersed in the cabala and the
Chaldean, Celtic, and druidic traditions, [and] ancient
techniques for focusing the inner flame, the will that can
create unimagined things and truly transform your
individual universe. I became fascinated with Aleister
Crowley, the nineteenth-century British magician who shared
those beliefs. … I was fascinated by him because his
personality was the late-nineteenth-century equivalent of
mine—a person brought up in a conventionally religious
family who did everything he could to outrage the people
536
around him as well as himself ” (Rock Lives: Profiles and
Though Iron Maiden band members have denied that they
are Satanists, they do admit a fascination with the occult.
Bruce Dickinson, who became the vocalist for Iron Maiden in
1981, wrote songs based on mythology and Egyptian black
magic. He has a copy of the Egyptian Book of the Dead and
finds it “quite fascinating reading” (Larson’s Book of Rock, p.
159). Iron Maiden opened up their concerts with the words
“Welcome to Satan’s Sanctuary.” The lyrics to their song “The
Number of the Beast” are: “In the night the fires burning
bright, the ritual has begun, Satan’s work is done. … Sacrifice
is going tonight. … I feel drawn toward the evil chanting
hordes. They seem to mesmerize me, can’t avoid their eyes.
666, the number of the beast. 666, the one for you and me.
I’m coming back, I will return and possess your body…” At a
1986 concert in Portland, Oregon, Iron Maiden greeted the
crowd with the words “Welcome to Satan’s sanctuary!” The
back cover of their Piece of Mind album contained a verse
from Revelation 21:4, which they have perverted. Instead of
reading “neither shall there be any more pain,” the Iron
Maiden version reads “neither shall there be any more brain,”
implying that those who believe on the Lord Jesus Christ are
brainless. The Iron Maiden song “Heaven Can Wait” is a
mockery of the biblical heaven and of salvation through Jesus
Christ and promotes the rock & roll philosophy that people
should ignore spiritual matters and live according to their
earthly lusts. The lyrics say, “Heaven can wait, I have a lust for
the earth below.”
Madonna blames religion for making her feel guilty about
nakedness and fornication and has dedicated her work to the
eradication of shame. Her hit song “Like a Prayer” combined
prayer and praise of God with fornication. In the video,
Madonna appeared half-naked with a crucifix around her
neck, a burning cross in the background, accompanied by
immoral dancers, while singing about prayer and God.
537
Advertisements for the Like a Prayer album featured the
mocking words “Lead us into Temptation.”
Yet the song has sold five million copies, and the video
ranks at No. 2 on VH1’s “100 Greatest Videos.” It has been
widely acclaimed by rock critics, and the Pepsi company used
the song for a commercial.
Bruce Springsteen blasphemously presents rock & roll as
salvation. He has opened concerts with the words, “Welcome
to the first church of the rock, brothers and sisters.” He has
mocked the Christian testimony by telling stories of how he
was going to become a baseball star “until rock and roll saved
him” (People, Sept. 3, 1984, p. 70, cited by The Rock Report, p.
82). Springsteen’s 1999 tour was characterized by this type of
blasphemy. “Typical of the pacing was the roof-raising ‘Light
of Day,’ which saw the Rev. Springsteen roaringly promise his
flock ‘the power, the majesty and the ministry of rock ‘n’
roll…” (USA Today, July 19, 1999, p. 9D).
Yet Springsteen is one of rock’s most popular and bestselling singers. He has won 20 Grammy awards and sold
more than 120 million records.
The Talking Heads’ sang the blasphemous song “Heaven Is
a Boring Place.” “Another album cover contains blasphemous
remarks regarding God, the Bible, and Christianity alongside
caricatured depictions of ‘so called’ Biblical scenes” (The Rock
Report, p. 87).
Twisted Sister’s 1985 album, Come Out and Play, oozes
with rebellious blasphemy. Consider the lyrics to the song “I
Believe in Rock ‘n” Roll” —
“I pledge allegiance to the flag/ Of the United States of
Rock/ And to the point of view for which it stands/ One
music under God/ Yes, even God loves Rock ‘n’ Roll/ ...
But as for me, I know that Heavy Metal lives/ And that it
will at last stand forth upon the dust/ ... And from my
flesh I shall see it Rock/ My inmost being is consumed
with longing/ This is the Word of the Rocker” (Twisted
Sister, “I Believe in Rock ‘n’ Roll”).
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Twisted Sister’s song “Burn in Hell” mocked the Bible’s
warnings:
“Take a good look in your heart/ Tell me, what do you
see?/ It’s black and it’s dark/ Now is that how you want it
to be?/ It’s up to you, what you do will decide your own
fate/ Make your choice now, for tomorrow may be far
too late/ And then you’ll burn in Hell/ Oh burn in Hell/
You’re gonna burn in Hell...” (Twisted Sister, “Burn in
Hell,” from the 1984 album Stay Hungry).
More than four million copies of this perverted album
were sold.
Prince is extremely blasphemous. Newsweek called him “a
prophet of sexual anarchy” who “apparently believes in
salvation through sex” (Dec. 21, 1981). Prince has combined
the vilest sexual immorality with religious fervor, claiming
that “sexual passion and the Good Lord are as high as you
can possibly get.” “He could be as dirty as a pornographer
and as evangelistic as a preacher” (Turner, Hungry for
Heaven, p. 194). Blasphemously, he sang hymns before
launching into the vilest type of immoral performances. The
cover to Prince’s blasphemous Love Sexy album (1989)
showed a naked Prince on one side and the plan of salvation
on the other. Prince even presents himself as the messiah in
his song “I Would Die for You.”
In the song “(Don’t Need) Religion,” Motorhead sings: “I
don’t need no blind belief/ I don’t need no comic relief/ I
don’t need to see those scars/ I don’t need Jesus Christ
superstar/ Don’t need Sunday television/ You bet your life I
don’t need religion.” The video for Motorhead’s song “Killed
by Death” blasphemously depicted a band member hanging
on a cross with the other band members standing by, dressed
as Roman soldiers.
Yet Motorhead has sold more than 30 million records.
Nine Inch Nails is a blasphemous band formed in 1989 by
Trent Reznor. The Closer video shows a monkey crucified on
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a cross. Reznor said: “If you think I worship Satan because of
something you see in the Closer video—great” (People, Feb. 6,
1995).
Kurt Cobain, lead singer of Nirvana, spray-painted his
neighborhood with the words “Abort Christ” and “God is
Gay” (“Inside the Heart and Mind of Nirvana,” Rolling Stone,
Apr. 16, 1992). He was obsessed with Satanists William
Burroughs and Anton LaVey.
Yet Cobain is widely acclaimed as a great rock “artist.”
Nirvana has sold 75 million albums and has been called “one
of the most influential and important rock bands.”
The Slayer song “Jesus Saves” mockingly stated: “You go to
church you kiss the cross/ You will be saved at any cost/ You
have your own reality/ Christianity/ Jesus saves, listen to you
pray/ You think you’ll see the pearly gates/ When death takes
you away.” Slayer song “Hell Awaits” is equally blasphemous:
“Jesus knows your soul cannot be saved/ Crucify the so called
Lord/ He soon shall fall to me/ Your souls are damned your
God has fell/ To slave for me eternally.”
Pink Floyd’s Animals album contains a blasphemous
rendering of the 23rd Psalm entitled “Sheep.” It depicts
Christians as gullible sheep being led to slaughter by a cruel
and merciless god. “The song finishes with the promise that,
in time, man will resist such slaughter and will even rise up to
dethrone God Himself ” (Rock: Making Musical Choices, p.
39).
BowWowWow’s song “Prince of Darkness” says: “Who’s
going to hell? What’s his name? … Open the door and let me
in. I am the Prince of Darkness.” “At this point in the song, it’s
as if the devil actually takes over, speaking through the group,
saying he wants to possess the listener” (Why Knock Rock?, p.
76).
Sting calls Christianity a “myth” (Seventeen magazine, Jan.
1984, p. 110). He says that rock music is his religion. “My
religion would be music, and I had just received my first
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sacrament [when he first heard the Beatles at age 11]” (USA
Today, Jan. 27, 1984, p. 2D). He was glad that his six-year-old
son had “a concept of God he invented himself.” Sting has
been deeply involved in the occult.
The Blue Oyster Cult portrayed a dark, occultic, violent
image. A rock reviewer says Blue Oyster Cult is “to pop music
what the Ouija board is to parlor games” (Larson’s Book of
Rock, p. 148). The inside cover to Blue Oyster Cult’s album
On Your Feet or on Your Knees depicts the band performing
on a church platform with those in attendance wearing black
hooded garments (The Rock Report, p. 11).
Rush’s logo is an occultic pentagram with a circle around it.
Rush’s Moving Pictures album contains the song “Witch
Hunt,” which mocks Christians who believe the Bible is the
truth and who condemn other religions as false. “They say
there is strangeness too dangerous/ In our theaters and
bookstore shelves/ Those who know what’s best for us/ Must
rise and save us, from ourselves/ Quick to judge/ Quick to
anger/ Slow to understand/ Ignorance and prejudice and fear/
Go hand in hand.”
The Jane’s Addiction song “Three Days” blasphemously
claims that Jesus Christ had “erotic” relations with more than
one Mary.
Andy Partridge of the group XTC says: “God is
MANMADE. We invited this to keep other members of
mankind and especially womankind under control. It’s a
protectionist racket” (Power Metal, February 1988, p. 51). The
song “Dear God” from XTC’s Skylarking album
blasphemously states: “I don’t believe in heaven and hell/ No
saints no sinners no devil as well/ No pearly gates no thorny
crown/ The Father Son and Holy Ghost/ Is just somebody’s
unholy hoax/ … If there’s one thing I don’t believe in/ [music
stops, next line sung by a child] It’s you Dear God.”
One of the inspirations for the rock group Mercyful Fate
was Anton LaVey’s Satanic Bible. Band leader King Diamond
testified: “I read the book and thought, hey, this is the way I
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live my life—this is the way I feel inside! … and you’ll see it
reflected in our early lyrics” (1993 interview with Michael
Moynihan, Lords of Chaos, p. 14). Diamond said: “Satanism
isn’t dangerous at all … it’s a sound life philosophy” (Graffiti,
vol. 5, cited in The Truth about Rock, p. 62). Their albums
brimmed “with stories of magical rites, nightmarish fantasies
of the consequences of broken pacts, and declarations of
Satanic allegiance” (Lords of Chaos, p. 14). The lyrics to their
1984 song “Don’t Break the Oath” stated: “If you say Heaven,
I say a Castle of Lies/ You say forgive him, I say revenge/ My
sweet Satan, You are the One.” Even bolder were the lyrics, “I
deny Jesus Christ the deceiver/ And I abjure the Christian
faith/ Holding in contempt all of its works…” King Diamond
painted an upside cross on his forehead.
The Onslaught song “Fight with the Beast” says: “Demons
of hell bear the mark of the Beast/ The sons of the Dragon are
born/ Summoned to earth Armageddon is here/ To slaughter
the Christian hordes/ Destroying the temples Jehova has lost/
The Nazarene will fester in hell!!! … Replacing the cross with
the mark of the beast/ The Kingdoms of Jesu have fell…”
The song “Blasphemous Rumours” by Depeche Mode says,
“I think that God has a sick sense of humor/ And when I die I
expect to find him laughing.” The song “Personal Jesus”
mocks salvation in Jesus Christ. “Your own personal Jesus/
Someone to hear your prayers/ Someone who cares.”
The Van Halen song “Best of Both Worlds” from the 5150
album denies biblical salvation: “You don’t have to die to go
to heaven/ Or hang around to be born again/ Just tune into
what this place has to offer/ For we may never be here again.”
Coven’s album cover for Witchcraft: Destroys Minds and
Reaps Souls closes with a 13-minute Satanic Mass, including
the words, “Do you renounce Jesus as the Christ?” Coven
performed Black Masses at their stage shows. One of the
group’s road crew hung on a cross during the show. As a
finale, the female lead singer, Jinx, would recite Aleister
Crowley’s philosophy, “Do what thou wilt shall be the whole
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of the law,” and then turn around and scream “Hail Satan!” at
the cross and altar. At that point, the road crew member
would get down off the cross, invert it into the Satanic
symbol, and go off the stage dancing. Coven’s first album was
titled Blessed Is the Black. The cover contained a vile
depiction of Satan overcoming Jesus. The title song on the
album states:
“Taught from birth you’ll burn in hell/ For all eternity/
If you don’t pledge your soul to Christ/ And serve Him
faithfully/ Searching deep within yourself/ The evil
answer lies/ You know your heart is black as hell/ And
death is in your eyes/ … Preachers of the holy gospel/
Evangelists of lies/ Blessed are the men in black/ Who
see through their disguise” (“Blessed Is the Black,”
Coven).
Coven’s song “Burn the Cross” is at least as blasphemous:
“Tormented Christian sons of God/ Lie cold within the
grave/ Tortured and then sacrificed/ For a God they
thought to save/ … Sons of God repent your sins/ And
pledge your soul to hell/ Pray that Satan will forgive/
Once your God has fell/ Expect the death of those who
pray/ To a God so long since passed/ Your God is dead
and now you die/ Satan rules at last.”
The punk rock band Birthday Party stood for “unbridled
anarchy” and had a “dark and sometimes ghoulish persona.”
Their 1981 album had a song blasphemously titled “BigJesus-Trash-Can.”
Public Image Limited’s first album, Public Image: First
Issue, was “an unrestrained attack on organized religion” (The
Secret History of Rock, p. 199).
In the video of Def Leppard’s popular song Bringing on the
Heartache, lead singer Joe Elliott was mockingly put on a
cross.
Describing The Doors’ music, Jim Morrison said: “Right
now I’m more interested in the dark side of life, the evil thing,
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the dark side of the moon, the night-time. But in our music it
seems to me that we’re seeking, striving, trying to break
through to some clearer, freer realm.” Morrison was a student
of the occult and performed blood drinking rituals and
Wiccan ceremonies. The Doors song “Soft Parade”
blasphemously proclaimed that “You CANNOT petition the
Lord with prayer!”
The members of the Grateful Dead were fascinated by the
occult. They devoured “all the information they could find on
ancient mysteries. They raided occult bookstores in London
and Paris and brought back folio editions to California. They
even managed to get a reader’s ticket to London’s Warburg
Institute, where the most complete collection of magical
books in the English language is housed along with many of
Aleister Crowley’s manuscripts” (Steve Turner, Hungry for
Heaven, p. 119).
Tori Amos sings about “Father Lucifer” (1996). Her stage
shows are “laced with blasphemous imagery and convey a
ferocious hatred of Christianity” (Steve Bonta, “Is It Only
‘Rock ‘n’ Roll’?” WorldNetDaily, April 8, 2002).
Homosexual rocker Elton John sang, “If there’s a God in
heaven/ What’s he waiting for/ If He can’t hear the children/
Then he must see the war/ But it seems to me/ That he leads
his lambs/ To the slaughter house/ And not the promised
land” (“If There’s a God in Heaven,” 1976).
Shakira’s 2005 song “How Do You Do” is a wicked,
doubting, blasphemy. It charges God with not caring about
man’s trouble and with making mistakes. “You’ve made
mistakes/ Well that's OK ‘cause we all have/ But if I forgive
yours/ Will you forgive mine?/ How do you do? How does it
feel to be so high?”
In the song “Judas,” Lady Gaga plays Mary Magdalene and
pretends that she is in a love triangle with Jesus Christ and
Judas and ultimately chooses Judas. The filthy video depicts
Mary, Judas, and Jesus together in a hot tub.
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Lady Gaga is not only blasphemous, she is one of the
filthiest rockers.
Yet she has sold more than 150 million albums and singles
and has won five Grammys and 13 MTV Video Music
Awards. In 2010, Time magazine named her one of the
world’s most influential people.
Black Metal rock is filled with blasphemy. Following are a
few examples:
“The Nazarene will fester in hell!” (“Fight With the
Beast,” Onslaught).
“I deny Jesus Christ, the deceiver” (“The Oath,”
Mercyful Fate).
“Cursed Nazarene! Do nothing king” (“Cursed
Nazarene,” Acheron).
“There is no truth to the Holy Cross” (“No Believers,”
Sacred Reich).
“The Father, the Son, and Holy Ghost is just somebody’s
unholy hoax” (“Dear God,” XTC).
“God is love and his love is dead” (“I Feel Nothing,”
Immolation).
“Deny resurrection, behead the Nazarene son” (“Behead
the Prophet,” Deicide).
“Only in the darkness of Christ have I realized God
hates us all” (“Darkness of Christ,” Slayer).
Many of the blasphemies are so sick and filthy that they
cannot be repeated.
Yet black metal rock songs receive Grammy awards and are
lauded by rock magazines. For example, Slayer’s vile album
God Hates Us All sold 300,000 copies and was nominated for
a Grammy award.
Rap music is also filled with blasphemy, but it is couched in
such filthy language that most of it can’t be repeated.
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Kanye West appeared as a thorn-crowned Jesus on the
cover of Rolling Stone in 2006. His 2013 album was titled
Yeezus, which is a play on West’s nickname Yeezy and the
name Jesus. The cover art depicts West being crowned king by
angels. In the song “I Am a God,” he raps, “I just talked to
Jesus, and he said, ‘What up, Yeezus?”
Jay-Z mocks Jehovah God as “Hova” and calls himself “JayHova.”
In his song “Amen,” Meek Mills mockingly thanks God for
all sorts of immoral things and likens fornication to church.
Lil B has an alter ego called “Based God.” In “I’m the
Devil,” he sings, “I’m Satan, I make deals and death wishes/ I
hate Based God, want to put him on the guest list.” Lil B is
depicted crucified on a cross on the cover of his Angels
Exodus album.
In “Sandwiches,” Tyler the Creator (real name Tyler
Okonma) curses the church and sings, “You told me God has
the answer/ When I ask him for ----, I get no answer, so God
is the cancer.” In another song, he says that the devil is his
father.
On “Live at the Barbeque,” Main Source sings,” When I was
twelve/ I went to hell for snuffing Jesus.’
On “Deadly Combination (Remix),” Tupac Shakur (2Pac)
and Notorious B.I.G. cursed Jehovah and sang about raping
and killing Mary. Tupac also appeared on a cross on the cover
of his Makaveli album.
Tupac was shot to death in 1996 at age 25, and Notorious
B.I.G. was shot to death in 1997 at age 24.
The blasphemous rap song “Deadly Combination”
appeared on Big L’s album The Big Picture. Big L sang about
raping Christ in “Danger Zone.” Another Big L album was
titled Return of the Devil’s Son. Big L was shot to death in
1999 at age 23.
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On “Pearly Gates,” 50 Cent sang about going to the pearly
gates and having “a beef ” with the “Boss Man” and beating
“his only Son.”
In spite of their blasphemy, these rappers have been highly
acclaimed and their records have sold by the millions.
These are only a very few examples of how that blasphemy
has played an integral part of rock & roll. Prominent rockers
are angry at the holy Creator God, and it comes out in their
lives and their music.
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Rock Music and Pagan Religion
There has been an intimate connection between rock
music and pagan religion, particularly Eastern religion, since
the 1960s. One reason for this is described by Tina Turner, a
Buddhist. “In this faith you decide what is right and
wrong” (Life, August 1985). The practitioner of an Eastern
religion actually worships himself, makes his own decisions
about right and wrong, and allegedly controls his own
destiny. That philosophy fits the rock and roll lifestyle.
Hinduism
In the summer of 1967, the Beatles and other rock stars,
including Brian Jones and Mike Jagger of the Rolling Stones,
visited Guru Maharishi Mahesh Yogi during his trip to North
Wales and listened to the teachings that he called the
“Spiritual Regeneration Movement.” This false teacher
claimed to have a path of regeneration other than that of
being born again through faith in Jesus Christ. Later the
Beatles, along with Donovan, Mia Farrow, Beach Boy Mike
Love, and others, visited the Maharishi’s ashram on the banks
of the River Ganges in India to study Transcendental
Meditation. The Beatles soon split with the Maharishi. One
reason was his suggestion that they turn over 25 percent of
their income to his work. Another reason was that they
caught the Guru eating meat, which was not allowed to his
disciples, and engaging in acts of immorality with female
disciples. John Lennon later composed a song about the
Maharishi titled “Sexy Sadie.”
The Beatles had a central role in popularizing the Hare
Krishna movement in the West. In December 1966, Hindu
Swami Bhaktivedanta recorded an album of chanting entitled
Krishna Consciousness. George Harrison was in New York at
the time and had been joining in with Hare Krishna chanting
sessions in Tompkins Square Park. He took the album back to
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England and the Beatles ordered 100 copies. Soon after that,
Harrison and Lennon sang the Hare Krishna chant “for days”
during a sailing trip through the Greek islands. Harrison
reminisced, “Like six hours we sang, because we couldn’t stop
once we got going.”
In September 1969, at the invitation of the Beatles, the
Swami moved to England and set up shop at Tittenhurst
Park, an 80-acre estate owned by John Lennon. Three or four
times a week he gave public lectures in a building at the north
end of the property, about 100 yards from the main house, in
which John and his second wife, Yoko, lived. A Hindu altar
was set up and eventually the building was called “the
Temple.”
The Swami, who took the impressive but blasphemous title
of His Divine Grace A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada,
founded the Hare Krishna movement. In June of 1969, Hare
Krishna followers sang in Montreal, Canada, with John and
Yoko on the recording of “Give Peace a Chance,” a song that
would become extremely influential. John and Yoko chanted
Hare Krishna on that song. “The Hare Krishna devotees had
been visiting with the Lennons for several days, discussing
world peace and self-realization” (Krishna web site, http://
introduction.Krishna.org/Articles/2000/08/00066.html), and
the Lennons recorded the song to promote the Hindu
concept of world peace.
That same summer, George Harrison produced a hit single,
“The Hare Krishna Mantra,” which featured Hindus from the
London Radha-Krishna Temple. It rose to the Top 10 and
made the pagan Hare Krishna chant a household word in the
West. Harrison co-signed the lease on the first Hare Krishna
temple in London. He also gave them a mansion outside
London, which they made into an international ashram
where hundreds of thousands of people have learned about
Hinduism in the heart of the old British Empire. Harrison
financed the publication of Krishna magazine and put up
$19,000 to print the first edition of the Krishna book in 1970.
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In his introduction, Harrison said, “As GOD is unlimited. HE
has many Names. Allah-Buddha-Jehova-Rama: All are
KRISHNA, all are ONE.”
By 1982, a leader in the Hare Krishna movement said it is
“growing like wildfire” and “Krishna consciousness has
certainly spread more in the last sixteen years than it has
since the sixteenth century” (Interview with George Harrison
at the Hare Krishna web site). Today the complete works of
Swami Prabhupada are in all the major colleges and
universities of the world. Millions upon millions have been
influenced to think more favorably of pagan gods because of
the Beatles.
Though Lennon rejected organized forms of Hinduism, he
continued to believe in yoga till the end of his life. “If John’s
energy level and ambition were running high, a half hour or
more of yoga was next on the agenda. . . . Outside of walking,
yoga was the only exercise he ever did. But spiritual rather
than physical reasons motivated him to continue
meditating. . . . [He believed yoga could help him achieve his
greatest ambition, which was] a state of spiritual perfection
by following The Way of The Masters: Jesus, Buddha,
Mohammed, Krishna and Gandhi. . . . John believed that if he
meditated long and hard enough, he’d merge with God and
acquire psychic powers, like clairvoyance and the ability to fly
through the air. And he wanted those powers as badly as he
wanted anything” (Robert Rosen, Nowhere Man, p. 18).
George Harrison followed Hinduism to the end of his life.
He admitted to Rolling Stone magazine that the drug LSD
opened his mind to this pagan religion. “Although up until
LSD, I never realized that there was anything beyond this
state of consciousness. … I think for me it was definitely LSD.
The first time I took it, it just blew everything away. I had
such an overwhelming feeling of well-being, that there was a
God, and I could see him in every blade of grass” (Rolling
Stone, Nov. 5 - Dec. 10, 1987, p. 48). The creator of LSD, Dr.
Albert Hofman, also acknowledges that the hallucinogenic
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drug led him into Hindu meditation (Mark Spaulding, The
Heartbeat of the Dragon, p. 75).
Harrison’s 1971 song “MY SWEET LORD,” which he
published the year following the breakup of the Beatles, is a
song of praise to the Hindu god Krishna. It mentions the long
process of achieving Nirvana through meditation and
mysticism. At the end of the song, there is a little ruse, when
the words “hallelujah, hallelujah, hallelujah” cunningly and
almost imperceptibly merge into “Hare Krishna, Hare
Krishna, Hare Rama.” Thus the song morphs from a form of
Christian praise to the praise of the Hindu god Krishna.
Harrison testified that he did that to trick people. In his 1982
interview with the Hare Krishna organization he said:
“I wanted to show that Hallelujah and Hare Krishna are
quite the same thing. I did the voices singing ‘Hallelujah’
and then the change to ‘Hare Krishna’ so that people
would be chanting the maha-mantra before they knew
what was going on! ... My idea in ‘My Sweet Lord,’
because it sounded like a ‘pop song,’ was to sneak up on
them a bit. The point was to have the people not
offended by ‘Hallelujah,’ and by the time it gets to ‘Hare
Krishna,’ they’re already hooked, and their foot’s
tapping, and they’re already singing along ‘Hallelujah,’ to
kind of lull them into a sense of false security. And then
suddenly it turns into ‘Hare Krishna,” and they will all
be singing that before they know what’s happened, and
they will think, ‘Hey, I thought I wasn’t supposed to like
Hare Kr ishna! ... It was just a litt le t r ick
really” (Harrison, Krishna web site, http://
The trick worked, because when it first came out, many
Christians thought Harrison was glorifying the Lord of the
Bible. Ten years later, Harrison said, “... they’re still trying to
figure out what the words mean” (Ibid.).
The song was immensely popular. The album on which it
appeared, All Things Must Pass, remained the top selling
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album in America for seven weeks straight. Another song on
that album, “Awaiting on You All,” also deals with Hinduism
and chanting.
Harrison also sang about Krishna in his albums Living in
the Material World (1973), Dark Horse (1974), and
Somewhere in England (1982). Living in the Material World
had the lyrics: “I hope to get out of this place/ By the Lord Sri
Krishna’s grace/ My salvation from the material world.” The
Living in the Material World album cover contained a photo
of the Hindu god Krishna and promoted the Bhagavad-gita,
the Hindu scriptures. During his 1974 concerts in America,
Harrison led audiences in the Hare Krishna mantra. In 1987,
Harrison said. “I still believe the purpose of our life is to get
God-realization. There’s a science that goes with that, the
science of self-realization. It’s still very much a part of my life,
but it’s sort of very personal, very private” (People, Oct. 19,
1987, p. 64).
George Harrison died of throat cancer on Nov. 29, 2001, at
age 58, surrounded by old friends from the Hare Krishna
movement. Ravi Shankar, the famous Indian musician who
trained Harrison on the sitar in 1966, said Harrison “looked
so peaceful” (“Harrison’s ashes to be spread in India,” Fox
News, Dec. 3, 2001). Guada Chandra Das of the International
Society for Krishna Consciousness told AFP that Harrison
died to the sound of “chanting and praying” (“Harrison had a
passion for the East,” AFP, Dec. 2, 2001). After his body was
cremated, his widow and 23-year-old son carried the ashes to
India and sprinkled them in the Ganges River in Varnasi and
Allahabad, India. They were accompanied by two Hare
Krishna devotees who performed Hindu rites on the ashes.
His widow asked fans to give a minute of meditation as a
tribute to the musician at the hour of the scattering, which
was 3 a.m. on Tuesday, December 4. Harrison’s longtime
friend Gavin De Becker said that the former Beatle “died with
one thought in mind -- love God and love one
another” (Associated Press, Nov. 30, 2001).
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Sadly, though, the love that the Beatles sang about is not
the true love of God in Jesus Christ which offers eternal
salvation for sinful men. The god that Harrison worshipped
and promoted was the Hindi-New Age god of self. In an
interview, he said, “The Lord, or God, has got a million
names, whatever you want to call him; it doesn’t matter as
long as you call him. ... Every one of us has within us a drop
of that ocean, and we have the same qualities as God, just like
a drop of that ocean has the same qualities as the whole
ocean. Everybody’s looking for something, and we are
it” (“George Harrison’s Credo,” The Himalayan Times,
Kathmandu Nepal, Dec. 17, 2001). In an interview with the
Hare Krishna organization, Harrison said: “The word ‘Hare’
calls upon the energy of the Lord. If you chant the mantra
enough, you build up identification with God. God’s all
happiness, all bliss, and by chanting His names, we connect
with him. So it’s really a process of actually having God
realization, which becomes clear with the expanded state of
consciousness that develops when you chant. ... The best
thing you can give is God consciousness. Manifest your own
divinity first. The truth is there. It’s right within us all.
Understand what you are” (George Harrison, “Hare Krishna
Mant r a , Th e re’s Not h i ng Hi g h e r,” 1 9 8 2 , http : / /
Joplin’s group), Quicksilver Messenger Service, and Jefferson
chant for an hour.
The British rock band Quintessence was dedicated to
Hinduism. The band members wore Indian robes on stage
and burnt incense and sang songs about Brahman.
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Jimi Hendrix’s Rainbow Bridge film was “saturated with
Eastern occult teachings and techniques. Meditation, astral
projection, astrology, the worship of Indian yogis and gurus
(Paramahansa Yoganda, Lahiri Mahasaya, Meher Baba, and
Swami Satchadinanda), mind-altering drugs such as LSD and
hashish, chanting the Hindu mantra OM, the doctrine of
reincarnation; all these occult ideas were strongly promoted
by the movie” (Heartbeat of the Dragon, p. 190). Hendrix
believed his music could open his listeners to “cosmic
powers” and that people can rise through various spiritual
levels through music. He believed in reincarnation and
thought he was from another planet, an asteroid belt off of
Mars, and that he had come to earth to show people new
energy. He thought he had assumed other life forms in
previous lives:
“There’s no telling how many lives your spirit will go
through—die and be reborn. Like my mind will be back in
the days when I was a flying horse” (Hendrix, interview with
Robin Richman “An Infinity of Jimis,” Life magazine, Oct. 3,
1969).
The cover to Neil Diamond’s album Jonathan Livingston
Seagull depicted pagan religious books such as the Bhagavidgita, The Sermon on the Mount according to Vedanta,
KRSNA Supreme Personality of Godhead, and The Aquarian
Gospel of Jesus the Christ.
Eric Burdon claims that the drug LSD opened him up to
Hinduism. In his biography, he describes a meeting he
allegedly had with the gruesome Hindu goddess Kali while he
was on an LSD trip.
“Then I came face to face with Kali. I was covered in a
void. Darkness, darkness. Then a voice asked what right
I had to come there and disturb Kali. ‘I’m just a man,’ I
said. ‘And what makes you think you’re man enough to
disturb me while I’m making love?’ ‘My ego tells me that
if I have a chance to change the world, I have the power
to make that change.’ ‘Ah, so you need answers,’ said
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Kali. ‘If you want information you have to make me a
gift.’ I didn’t know which world I was in. My own was
left behind me. ‘I can’t see you. You’ve already taken my
sight. What more do you want?'; She laughed a wicked,
cruel laugh in the darkness. 'How much are you willing
to give?’ ‘My life,’ I said. My life was sucked out of me. I
was Gonzo. Melted to the floor. Dead” (Eric Burdon, I
Used to Be An Animal, But I’m All Right Now, p. 150).
Kali, a goddess of destruction, is often depicted as a
fearsome, black, multiple-armed personage with weapons of
destruction in each hand and a necklace of skulls around her
neck. During our years of missionary work in Nepal, I have
often walked past the large Kali idol located in the heart of
Kathmandu near the temple of the Living Goddess. The
Nepalis believe that if a person tells a lie in front of this idol,
he or she will die.
We know from the Bible that the gods and goddesses
behind idolatry are demonic spirits.
“What say I then? that the idol is any thing, or that
which is offered in sacrifice to idols is any thing? But I
say, that the things which the Gentiles sacrifice, they
sacrifice to devils, and not to God: and I would not that
ye should have fellowship with devils” (1 Cor. 10:19, 20).
According to God’s Word, it appears that Eric Burdon met
the same demons through drug experiences that the Hindu
yogi meets through meditation and other practices.
The Beach Boys were very instrumental in promoting
Hindu Transcendental Meditation. Mike Love accompanied
the Beatles and Donovan to Guru Maharishi Mahesh Yogi’s
ashram in India in 1967. The Beach Boys embarked on a tour
in 1968 which included Maharishi as the opening act, but the
tour had to be aborted after only a few days because Beach
Boy fans didn’t want to sit through a Hindu lecture. By the
late ’70s, the Beach Boys were still promoting TM. Their 1976
album, 15 Big Ones, contained the “TM Song” by Brian
Wilson. The lyrics stated:
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“It’s time for me to meditate/ What time is this/ How
long has it been/ … The mantra, my mantra must have
took me away/ It must have took me away/ Maharishi
gave it to me/ And I wondered if it set me free/ And it
did/ And he’ll tell you/ Sometimes it goes real fast/ And
other times it goes real slow/ Anyway you do it, well it’s
bound to work I know/ Transcendental Meditation
should be part of your time/ It’s simple, it’s easy as
making this rhyme/ Transcendental Meditation, works
for me good/ More much more than I thought it would.”
The proceeds to the Beach Boys 1978 album, M.I.U., were
dedicated to help build the Maharishi International
University in Iowa.
Jim Morrison of The Doors dedicated the song “Take It As
It Comes” to Maharishi, the father of Transcendental
Meditation (Hopkins, p. 109).
Other rockers who practiced Transcendental Meditation
were Ray Manzarek and Robbie Krieger of The Doors, Skip
Spence of Moby Grape, Maurice and Verdine White of Earth,
Wind and Fire, and Larry Blackmon from Cameo.
The Moody Blues 1970 album, In Search of the Lost Chord,
had a song titled “OM,” which is a Hindu mantra used in
mediation. The album cover stated: “To anyone who has
practiced meditation or Yoga, the word MANTRA is familiar
as a word of power concentrated upon in meditation. The
most important word of power in the Hindu scriptures is the
word OM, which pronounced AUM, means ‘God,’ ‘All,’
‘Being,’ ‘The Answer.’ Thought or intentness on its meaning
will cause the exclusion of all other thoughts, ultimately
bringing about the state of mind to which the meditator
aspires.”
Stevie Wonder’s song “Jesus Children of America” says,
“transcendental meditation gives you peace of mind.”
The BeeGees album Spirits Having Flown contained many
references to reincarnation.
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Gene Hoglan, drummer for Dark Angel, said that the song
“Hunger of the Undead” is about “karma, reincarnation,
prolonged sleep or even complete nullification” (RIP
magazine, Oct. 1987, p. 10).
Annie Lennox, lead singer for Eurythmics, studied Krishna
with her husband, a Hare Krishna devotee (USA Today, Aug.
9, 1984, p. D1).
The Brothers Johnson’s album Right On Time promoted the
Hindu concept of Karma. “Be peaceful to your brother/ For
Life wasn’t meant to hate/ Guide the hand of one who needs
you/ Good Karma breeds good fate.”
Boy George was a devotee of Krishna (Hungry for Heaven,
p. 13).
Robert Palmer said that he believed in reincarnation and
wanted to return as a dolphin (The Rock and Roll Handbook,
cited by John Muncy, The Role of Rock, p. 155).
Chrissie Hynde of the Pretenders believed in reincarnation
and regularly visited a Krishna temple (People, Mar. 23, 1987,
p. 68).
The group Journey promoted reincarnation in their album
Next Journey. The last song is titled “Karma.”
The back cover of Linda Ronstadt’s album Silk Purse says
“she believes in reincarnation.”
Tom Araya, bass player for Slayer, says, “I believe in
reincarnation. Everybody’s spirit comes back, and once you
have reached your highest point, you move on to a higher
plane” (Metal Mania, Dec. 1987, p. 34).
David Cloverdale, lead singer for Whitesnake, says: “I
believe more and more in destiny and karma, and there’s a
reason for things” (Metal Creem Close Up, Sept. 1987, p. 15).
Country singers Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson, Johnny
Cash, and Kris Kristofferson sang the song “Highway Man”
which describes past lives and says they will be back “again,
again, again, and again…”
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Elvis Presley constructed “a personalised religion out of
what he’d read of Hinduism, Judaism, numerology,
theosophy, mind control, positive thinking and
Christianity” (Hungry for Heaven, p. 143). He diligently
studied the Hindu guru Yoki Paramahansa Yogananda,
author of Autobiography of a Yogi, one of Elvis’ favorite
books. Elvis traveled with a portable bookcase containing
over 200 volumes of his favorite books, including The Prophet
by Kahilil Gibran; Autobiography of a Yogi by Yogananda; The
Mystical Christ by Manley Palmer; The Life and Teachings of
the Master of the Far East by Baird Spalding; The Inner Life by
Leadbetter; The First and Last Freedom by Krishnamurti; The
Book of Numbers by Cheiro; and Esoteric Healing by Alice
Bailey. One of the books he was reading before he died was
The Force of Jesus by Frank Adams. This book presents an
unscriptural, pagan christ.
Gary Wright of the group Spooky Tooth was a follower of
the Hindu guru Paramahansa Yogananda. His album Dream
Weaver promoted astral projection, and he told his manager
t h at “ Pa r a m a h a n s a Yo g a n a n d a i s my s p i r i t u a l
manager” (Gary Herman, Rock and Roll Babylon, p. 159).
The group Yes also followed and promoted Paramahansa
Yogananda. “On the back of the Tales from Topographic
Oceans album, they go into great detail explaining how the
Autobiography of a Yogi had inspired the material. Their
album Big Generation ends with the song ‘Holy Lamb (song
for harmonic convergence),’ a song dedicated to the
celebration of the dawning of a new age of world harmony
and peace, also known as the Age of Aquarius” (John Muncy,
The Role of Rock, pp. 160,161).
The rock group Cro-Mags from New York promoted
Hinduism, claiming that the only way to solve the earth’s
problems “is if we become concerned with self-realization.
Then there’ll be peace on the planet” (Metal Mania, Dec.
1987, p. 56).
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Carlos Santana was a disciple of the Hindu guru Sri
Chinmoy until 1983. In 1973, Carlos changed his name to
Devadip, meaning “the Lamp of the Light of the Supreme.”
Santana’s Caravanserai album has the following quote from
Paramahansa Yogananda: “The body melts into the universe.
The universe melts into the soundless voice. The sound melts
into the all-shiny light. And the light enters the bosom of
infinite joy.” Santana’s Oneness album contained quotes from
Sri Chinmoy and encouraged fans to write to him.
Marvin Gaye said: “I respect the Eastern religions. Their
philosophies are beautiful and wise. … I also believe in
reincarnation” (Stairway to Heaven, p. 103).
Pete Townshend of The Who followed guru Meher Baba
for many years, beginning in 1969. Townsend testified: “Baba
is Christ, because being a Christian is just like being a Baba
lover” (Bob Larson, Rock, 1984, p. 140). Townshend said that
he believed in reincarnation and karma. Townshend opened
a Baba Center in London and published Baba material.
Clarence Clemons, saxophonist for Bruce Springsteen, was
a disciple of the Hindu guru Sri Chinmoy. Clemons adopted
the name of “Mokshagun,” meaning “Lord’s All-Illuminating
Liberation Fire.” His solo album, Hero, had a quote from Sri
Chinmoy on the record sleeve along with this statement in
the credit lines: “Special thanks to the Supreme Being for
blessing us with Strength & Love—To Guru Sri Chinmoy for
Soulful Inspiration & Joy” (Muncy, The Role of Rock, p. 174).
John McLaughlin, leader of Mahavishnu Orchestra, also
followed Sri Chinmoy from 1972 to 1978. His album
Apocalypse bore a poem written by Chinmoy. Mahavishnu is
the combination of the name of two Hindu deities,
“Hahadeva,” the god of creative power and destruction (also
known as Shiva); and “Vishnu,” the second of three Hindu
supreme deities, the preserver of the universe (Muncy, p.
175). In 1973, McLaughlin joined Carlos Santana in
recording Love Devotion Surrender, with the album
containing a message from Chinmoy. Though no longer a
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disciple of Chinmoy, McLaughlin remains involved with
mysticism. He formed Shakti (which is the Hindi term for
spiritual power) in 1976, and The One Truth Bank in 1979.
He said: “When I let the spirit play me, it’s an intense delight.
My role as musician is to make everyone aware of his own
divinity” (Newsweek, March 27, 1972, p. 77).
Styx promotes Hindu yoga in the song “The Serpent Is
Rising.”
Earth, Wind, and Fire’s album Powerlight promotes Hindu
yoga. Their song “Serpentine Fire” is based on the New Age
teachings found in the Shah Kriza Yogi Meditation cult.
Buddhism
Tina Turner practices Buddhism and believes in
reincarnation and psychics. She regularly chants at her
Buddhist altar and told People magazine, “Psychics are my
drugs. My real goal in life is opening that third eye” (People,
July 15, 1985, p. 46).
Suzanne Vega followed Buddhism since she was 17 and
“likes to spend her free hours chanting at a small wooden
altar” (Muncy, The Role of Rock, p. 166).
Herbie Hancock has been a devout Buddhist since the
early 1970s. He chants and meditates twice a day before a
rosewood altar. The cover for his Sextant album depicts
Buddhist prayer beads.
In 1966, David Bowie spent some weeks in a monastery
studying Buddhism.
Timothy Leary’s research with psychedelic drugs led him
into occultic eastern religions and the study of the Tibetan
Book of the Dead, the Bhagavad-Gita, and Zen Buddhist
writings. Leary’s homosexual research co-worker, Richard
Alpert, who was fired from Harvard with Leary, changed his
name to Baba Ram Dass and “became one of America’s most
respected teachers of Eastern disciplines” (Mikal Gilmore,
Night Beat, p. 409). Just before Leary died in May 1996,
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homosexual beatnik poet Allen Ginsberg dispatched his
Buddhist teacher, Gelek Rinpoche, to Leary’s side to utter a
final prayer for his passage into death (Mikal Gilmore, Night
Beat, p. 436). Thus, Timothy Leary apparently died with a
Buddhist prayer on his lips or at least ringing in his ears.
The cover to Bob Dylan’s Desire album (1976) depicted
him smoking marijuana in one corner, a black magic tarot
card in another corner, and a huge Buddha in the bottom
corner. Next to the Buddha were the words: “I have a brother
or two and a whole lot of Karma to burn … Isis and the
moon shine on me” (Muncy, The Role of Rock, p. 167).
Taoism, Islam, Bahai
Cat Stevens (original name Steven Demetre Georgiou)
became a follower of Islam in 1977. He made the conversion
after trying “Zen and Ching, numerology, tarot cards, and
astrology.” The back cover to his Footsteps in the Dark album
contains his testimony:
“A long time ago I started my quest for peace and
enlightenment. I took a strong interest in Eastern
religions and philosophies and was just beginning to
discover the conscious self within me. … I was almost at
the point of giving up when one day it happened—my
brother, who had just come back from a visit to
Jerusalem, handed me a copy of the Holy Qur’an. After I
had read The Opening, it was as if suddenly, someone,
somewhere, had switched on the lights and I was able to
perceive the wonderful order of things which, before, I
could barely feel in the dark. The Qur’an was like no
other book I had come across. The words all seemed
strangely familiar and yet so unlike anything I had ever
read before, but what moved me most was its message—
the absolute and uncompromising belief in one
universal God (Allah), the sole Creator and Sustainer of
the heavens and the earth. This belief somehow had a
direct effect on my inner psyche and on my view of life.
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I realized that this ‘oneness’ was the purpose behind the
universe … The word Islam itself means ‘submission’ or
‘entering into peace.’ Therefore, it was not a new
religion, but the original faith which God inspired to
messengers throughout human history: Abraham,
Moses, Jesus and lastly, Mohammed. Peace be upon
them, they were all prophets and messengers of the one
God…”
Cat Stevens, who renamed himself Yusuf Islam, continues
to follow Islam. While claiming to be a “man of peace,” Yusuf
told the students at Kingston University in February 1989
that he supported Ayatollah Khomeini’s call for the killing of
Salman Rushdie. Yusuf said, “He must be killed. The Qur'an
makes it clear--if someone defames the prophet, then he must
die.” Two months later, Yusuf said on the BBC program
Hypotheticals that if Rushdie turned up on his step, he would
try to contact the Khomeini and tell him where Rushdie was
(New York Times, May 23, 1989).
After an outcry against his remarks, Yusuf backed away
from them and even made the deceptive claim that he “never
called for the death of Salman Rushdie; nor backed the Fatwa
issued by the Ayatollah Khomeini” (Yusuf ’s website). Rushdie
called Yusuf ’s claims of innocence “rubbish” (Letters to the
Sunday Telegraph, May 6, 2007)
Rick Springfield’s album Tao is dedicated to the Chinese
philosophy of Taoism. “The concept of Yin and Yang is a
major belief behind Taoism. Yin and Yang is the belief that
two great opposite principles interplay. Therefore, everything
in the universe depends upon this unity. Yin represents the
female, and is dark and negative, while Yang is male, light and
positive. The same concept is that of the ‘Force’ in Star Wars,
having a ‘dark’ or ‘light’ side. Martial arts, acupuncture, yoga,
and I Ching all stem from this ‘doctrine of devils’” (Muncy,
The Role of Rock, p. 170).
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Peter Tork, bassist for The Monkees, claimed that his
religion is based on the “Eastern Taoist thinking” (The Role of
Rock, p. 170).
Rock guitarist Pat Martino claims that the guitar itself is
connected with the Taoist I Ching (Guitar World, July 1985,
p. 22).
Guitarist Robert Fripp of King Crimson is a follower of
Gurdjieff, who taught that man achieves truth through the
process of the “Golden Ladder.” A man must ascend seven
rungs of an evolutionary ladder. The ladder is ascended not
by logical knowledge, but by psychological wisdom—through
self-study, self-awareness, self-remembering, and the
discovery of the essential unchanging “I” (Muncy, The Role of
Rock, p. 171).
Roger McGuinn of the Byrds and Keith Jarrett were also
followers of Gurdjieff’s teachings.
Seals and Crofts were converts to the Bahai faith. Many of
their songs refer to Bahai. The song “East of Ginger Trees”
says, “Prepare to meet Baha’u’llah in the Garden of
Clove.” (Baha’u’llah was the founder of Bahai.) Their album
Takin’ It Easy ends with the song “A Tribute to ‘Abdu’l
Baha’” (Muncy, The Role of Rock, p. 172).
John Denver followed est (Erhard Seminar Training). On
the inside cover to his Back Home Again album he stated:
“Participating in est has created an amazing amount of space
for joy and aliveness in my life. It pleases me to share est with
you.” He dedicated his Wingsong album “to Werner Erhard
and everyone in est.” “Erhard basically has a pantheist view of
life. We are all just little ‘gods.’ There is neither wrong nor
right. This movement is subtly based on Zen Buddhism and
teaches the disciple never to use the rational mind, but to
open up to the so-called ‘ever present now’” (Mundy, The Role
of Rock, p. 177).
Van Morrison has delved deeply into the esoteric aspects of
music. In 1989 he spoke at a conference titled “The Secret
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Heart of Music: An Exploration into the Power of Music to
Change Consciousness.” He acknowledges such occultic,
pagan influences as Alice Bailey and Krishnamurti. His 1983
album Inarticulate Speech of the Heart “singled out Church of
Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard for special thanks.” He
has studied many religions and Christian doctrines and he
says that he accepts all beliefs, “orthodox or otherwise.” “I
don’t accept or reject any of it … I’m just groping in the dark
for a bit more light” (Turner, Hungry for Heaven, pp. 124,
125).
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Death Metal
Death Metal (also known as Black or Goth Metal, Shock
Rock, or Grindcore) which arose in the 1990s in the United
States and Europe and has spread to Japan and other parts of
the world, focuses on “a lyrical glorification of all things
morbid and decaying” (Michael Moynihan, Lords of Chaos:
The Blood Rise of the Satanic Metal Underground, 1998, p. 29).
It is exercising a vast influence upon young people today.
“Between 1989-1993 Death Metal had become immensely
popular worldwide, with bands drawing crowds in the
thousands on an average night” (Ibid., p. 31).
Black Metal “songs” exhibit a fascination with violence and
death in general, murder, torture, rape, dismemberment, and
mayhem. Death Metal groups have names like Cannibal
Corpse, Carcass, Cloven Hoof, Cradle of Filth, Darkthrone,
Dismember, Deicide, Entombed, Extreme Noise Terror,
Morbid Angel, Napalm Death, Necropolis, Obituary, Slayer,
Unleashed, Venom, Christian Death, and Vicious Circle.
Tampa, Florida, has been a center for some of the most
popular Death Metal groups, including Morbid Angel and
Deicide. Another center for Death Metal is Scandinavia,
particularly Sweden and Norway.
Some of the groups also praise Nazism and celebrate pagan
gods.
All exhibit an anti-Christian philosophy. Johnny Hedlund,
lead singer for the Swedish band Unleashed, makes “fervent
declarations on the necessity of destroying the Christian
religion” (Lords of Chaos, p. 30). Deicide has songs about the
joy of killing Jesus. Lead singer Glen Benton, who branded an
inverted cross on his forehead, named his son Daemon
(“master of the supernatural”). Deicide’s bass player, Eric
Hoffman, says, “Death metal is Satanic. We relay our music
all into Satanism.” Varg Vikernes of the Death Metal group
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Burzum worships Odin, the Viking god of war and death,
“the enemy of the Christian God.”
The Roots of Death Metal
Death Metal is more violent and anti-Christian than
previous forms of rock, but only in intensity. The seeds of
Death Metal can be traced to the thrash metal groups of the
1980s, such as Slayer, Metallica, Venom, and Anthrax; and to
heavy metal groups of the 1970s, such as Black Sabbath and
Led Zeppelin, which destroyed equipment, praised Satan, and
promoted the grossest type of hedonism.
This theme goes even farther back, to the blues of the early
part of this century. The most famous bluesmen were
immoral, violent, and some, such as Robert Johnson, even
allegedly sold their souls to the devil for fortune and fame.
Three of Johnson’s songs were titled “Crossroads Blues” (a
reference to selling one’s soul to the devil at a crossroads at
midnight), “Me and the Devil Blues,” and “Hellhound on My
Trail.” Johnson lived a carousing, violent, immoral life, and
died at age 27 when he was poisoned by a jealous husband.
Rock music has always been associated with an antiChristian attitude, an immoral lifestyle, and violence. The
first rock concert in 1952 (called Moon Dog Ball), organized
by disc jockey Alan Freed, resulted in a riot that sent mobs of
young people rampaging through the streets of Cleveland,
Ohio. Riots, beatings, and stabbings occurred at other Freed
concerts. Following a riot in Boston in 1958, rock concerts
were banned in several cities and Freed was kicked out of the
concert business. Freed, called by Rolling Stone Encyclopedia
of Rock “the original Pied Piper of Rock & Roll,” allegedly was
the first to apply the term “rock and roll” to the new bluesbased music. He died in 1965 at age 42, penniless and
drunken. Freed well epitomizes the wretched history of rock
& roll.
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Rock and its most direct predecessors—the blues, ragtime,
jazz, and boogie woogie—have shared a philosophy of
hedonism. Whatever feels good is right; do your own thing.
This is also the basic philosophy of Satanism. Famous early
20th-century Satanist Aleister Crowley (1847-1947) has had a
large influence upon modern rock music. His philosophy was
“Do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the law.” Mick Jagger
of the Rolling Stones and Jimmy Page of Led Zeppelin scored
soundtracks for films about Crowley. Images of Crowley’s
Satanist religion were woven throughout Led Zeppelin’s
albums. The Satanist’s photo appeared on the Beatles’ Sargent
Pepper album cover. Ozzy Osbourne wrote a song entitled
“Mr. Crowley.” David Bowie referred to Crowley in his song
“Quicksand.” Graham Bond thought he was Crowley’s
illegitimate son.
Michael Moynihan researched the violence and occultism
of Death Metal for his 1998 book Lords of Chaos. Moynihan,
who makes no claim to Christianity, traces a direct
connection between the blues, ’70s rock, and Death Metal.
“Bathory’s [a Swedish Death Metal group] bizarre
bloodline of demonic inheritance—and that of Black
Metal itself—can be traced straight back through
Venom, Mercyful Fate, and other darker-themed Metal
bands of the early ‘80s, to the Heavy doom-ridden
sounds of Black Sabbath and the mystical Hard Rock of
Led Zeppelin, to their bluesy antecedents the Rolling
Stones, and all the way to a poor black guitarist from the
American South who may have sold his soul to Satan in
a lone act of desperation. An unlikely Black Metal
pedigree, but there it stands, helped along the way by
countless others who poured their own creative juices
into an evolving witches’ brew” (Moynihan, Lords of
Chaos, p. 22).
Black Metal is simply pushing the envelope of
licentiousness and blasphemy that has always been present in
rock music. Even the Beatles, who were Sunday School boys
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by comparison to many Death Metal groups, were viciously
anti-Christian and blasphemous and thus did their part to
pave the way for Death Metal. The Beatles’ press officer,
Derek Taylor, testified: “They’re [the Beatles] completely antiChrist. I mean, I am anti-Christ as well, but they’re so antiChrist they shock me which isn’t an easy thing” (Saturday
Evening Post, August 6, 1964). In 1970, Paul McCartney
stated, “We probably seem to be anti-religious ... none of us
believes in God” (Hit Parader, January 1970, p. 15). In A
Spaniard in the Works, John Lennon portrayed Jesus Christ as
Jesus El Pifico, a “garlic eating, stinking little yellow, greasy
facist bastard Catholic Spaniard.” In his hugely popular song
“Imagine,” Lennon mused: “Imagine there’s no heaven … No
hell below us, above us only sky. … no religion too.” That is a
blasphemous denial of Almighty God and His Holy Word.
The description of other blasphemous rock & rollers from the
’50s, ’60s, ’70s, and ’80s would fill a large book.
Violence and Blasphemy
The Norwegian group Mayhem, which was formed in
1984, is considered the father of Black Metal in Europe. The
founder, Oystein Aarseth (1967-1993) (who originally called
himself “Destructor” but changed later to “Euronymous,”
allegedly meaning “the prince of death”), was stabbed to
death in 1993. He was murdered by another Death Metal
rocker, Varg Vikernes, of the group Burzum. Aarseth was 26
years old. Other band members were called “Necro Butcher,”
“Dead,” and “Hellhammer.”
One of the trademarks of Mayhem and other Norwegian
Black Metal groups is the wearing of “corpsepaint,” which is
black and white makeup designed to create a morbid
appearance.
Aarseth operated an occultic bookstore/record shop in
Oslo that was very influential upon young people. It was
called “Helvete,” which is the Norse word for hell. The
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vocalist for Mayhem, Per Yngve Ohlin (whose alias was
“Dead”), cut his wrists and throat and blew his brains out
with a shotgun in 1991. His body was found by Oystein
Aarseth. Before the police arrived, Aarseth took pictures of
Ohlin’s shattered body and collected pieces of his brain and
skull. Describing the death of his fellow band member,
Aarseth replied with complete lack of concern, “Yeah, Dead
killed himself.” Aarseth made necklaces with the skull pieces
and allegedly cooked some of the brain and “ate it so he could
claim himself to be a cannibal” (Michael Moynihan, Lords of
Chaos, p. 59). A photo of the gruesome suicide scene
appeared on the cover of a bootleg album Dawn of the Black
Hearts. Ohlin had once stabbed Aarseth with a knife. Ohlin
also hated cats and tried to cut them with knives. Ohlin, who
saw himself “as a creature from another world,” had an
obsession with snuff films that depict real deaths by horrible
torture.
Death Metal in Scandinavia has been connected with the
burning of many churches. Between 1992 and 1996 there
were 50-60 arson attacks on churches in Norway alone. Many
have a documented connection to the Black Metal scene
(Lords of Chaos, p. 79). In every case that has been solved, the
Kripos (Norwegian national investigation department) found
that the arsonists were Black Metal “Satanists.” A fire fighter
was killed while battling one of the blazes. Black Metal rocker
Varg Vikernes (b. 1973), who is suspected of setting the first
fire in 1992, of an ancient church building in Fantoft, Norway,
was sentenced to 21 years in prison for the murder of Oystein
Aarseth and for setting church fires.
Burzum was convicted of burning down four churches,
including the 11th century Fantoft Stave Church. He used a
photo of the destroyed church on the cover of one of his
albums. Many other Black Metal musicians spent time in
prison for these atrocities.
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There were roughly a dozen church fires in Germany from
late 1993 to early 1997. Most have a proven link to Black
Metal and Satanism.
There have also been Black Metal church burnings in Italy,
Australia, Texas, California. In the winter of 2005, an 105year-old church building in Minnesota was burned down by
Black Metal fans on the birthday of the aforementioned Varg
Vikernes (“Canadian Church Fire Linked to Norwegian Black
Metal Movement,” Blabbermouth.net, Apr. 29, 2006). When
the perpetrators were arrested, they were found to possess a
homemade CD entitled Introduction to Blasphemy which
contained some of Vikernes’ songs.
Death Metalist drummer Bard Eithun of the group
Emperor went to prison for brutally murdering a homosexual
with a knife for no reason other than the lust of killing. That
was in August 1992. He stabbed the man 37 times. A fellow
band member of Emperor said Eithun had been fascinated
with serial killers for a long time. The day after the murder,
Eithun participated in a church burning.
The members of the German Death Metal group Absurd,
composed of three high school students (Hendrik Mobus,
Sebastian Schauscheill, and Andreas K.), murdered a 15-yearold classmate in April 1993. The group also called themselves
“Children of Satan.” Band leader Hendrik Mobus stated in an
interview that we are at “the dawn of the New Aeon, when
Christendom will perish and a neo-heathen state will
arise” (Lords of Chaos, p. 260).
A member of the Swedish Death Metal band Dissection
was imprisoned for desecrating 250 graves.
In 1992, at a Halloween celebration attended by members
of the Swedish Death Metal groups Dissection and
Abruptum, an elderly man was stabbed repeatedly in the
neck by an 18-year-old who had been instructed to prove that
he could kill without compunction (Lords of Chaos, p. 268).
Another member of Dissection, Jon Nodtveidt, was charged
570
in 1997 with another person in connection with assaulting
people.
Members of British Death Metal band Necropolis assaulted
churches and cemeteries in 1994.
A member of the French Death Metal band Funeral,
Anthony Mignoni (who uses the pseudonym “Hades”), says
he created the group “to spread my ideas based on the
destruction of the Jewish, Christian, and Muslim religions,
and on the purity and supremacy of the true Aryan
race” (Lords of Chaos, p. 275). He was convicted of
desecrating a grave in 1996. He and three others exhumed the
body of Yvonne Foin, who had been dead 20 years, and
placed a cross in the region of the cadaver’s heart. Another
youth police believe to be associated with Mignoni, David
Oberdorf, murdered a priest by stabbing him 33 times with a
dagger. He then carved on the body after the man was dead.
He had confronted the priest with the words, “I am possessed
by the demon—I must annihilate men of religion!”
Investigators found a collection of death metal CDs in the
teen’s room, and neighbors testified that they had heard
“gnawing music, hard and stressful” blaring from his room.
Violence has been committed by young people intimately
connected with the music of the popular Tampa, Florida,
Death Metal group Deicide. In January 1993, two 15-year-old
boys mutilated a neighbor’s dog. They later told police that
their fascination with Deicide led them to commit the
atrocity. In April 1994, a female employee of a convenience
store was brutally murdered and another woman nearly
murdered in Eugene, Oregon, by teenagers. The families of
the dead woman sued, claiming the youth were heavily
influenced by the music of Deicide and Cannibal Corpse. The
killer told police, “I did it in essence of Glen Benton and
Chris Barnes [lead singer of Cannibal Corpse].” The youths
had allegedly been listening to Deicide music in a church
parking lot shortly before the bloodbath (Lords of Chaos, p.
290). The cases were settled out of court, with the record
571
labels paying substantial sums while “expressly not admitting
guilt” (Ibid.).
In July 1995, three teenagers in California, who were
members of a Death Metal band called Hatred and who were
“fanatical Slayer fans,” murdered 15-year-old Elyse Pahler as a
Satanic sacrifice. The three were Royce Casey, Jacob
Delashmutt, and Joseph Fiorella. As Pahler prayed to God
and called out for her mother, they stabbed her at least 12
times and left her to bleed to death. They chose Pahler
because “her blond hair and blue eyes and virginity made her
a perfect sacrifice to the devil” (Scripps-McClatchy Western
Service, San Luis Obispo Telegram-Tribune, Feb. 21, 1997).
When the chief investigator asked one of the teens why they
committed such a deed, he replied that “it was to receive
power from the devil to help them play the guitar better” so
they could be able to “play crazier and harder” and “go
professional.” Two other teens associated with these three
were convicted of murdering a 75-year-old woman. The
murder of Elyse Pahler was unsolved for months until Casey
came forward to the police and guided them to the body. He
said he had “new found religious beliefs” and that he was
afraid that the others would kill him if he distanced himself
from them. Casey told the police that a lyric from the band
Slayer warned, “If you’re not with us, you may no longer
exist.”
A Wisconsin Death Metal band, The Electric Hellfire Club,
titled their 1993 debut album, Burn, Baby, Burn!, the cover of
which depicted a church in flames. The lyrics to their song
“Age of Fire” state: “Synagogues and churches burning/ Can’t
you see the tide is turning?/ How many fires will it take?/
Before you realize your god is dead?” This vicious,
blasphemous song is a crowd-pleaser at their concerts. A fan
of The Electric Hellfire Club, Caleb Fairley, of King of Prussia,
Pennsylvania, murdered a woman and her young daughter
and violated their corpses in 1995.
572
In April 1996, a group of young people with intimate
connection with Death Metal, who called themselves the
Lords of Chaos, went on a crime, arson, and murder spree in
Fort Myers, Florida. They burned a Baptist church and a

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