sng: a new energy carrier

SNG: A NEW BIOMASS-BASED ENERGY CARRIER
Bram van der Drift
ECN, the Netherlands
www.ecn.nl
PRIMARY ENERGY IN THE NETHERLANDS
nuclear
1%
coal
11%
electricity
import
2%
rest
2%
natural
gas
48%
oil
36%
(2)
Velen, 23 April 2006
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN)
ENERGY “INTERMEDIATES” IN THE
NETHERLANDS
electricity
11%
transportation fuels
15%
losses
32%
products
11%
heat
31%
(3)
Velen, 23 April 2006
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN)
BIOMASS ENERGY IN THE NETHERLANDS
30%
contribution of biomass in
primary energy consumption
(100% = 3300 PJ/y in 2005)
ambition
30%
20%
10%
action
plan
1.7%
2005
(4)
Velen, 23 April 2006
objective
6%
2.5%
2010
2020
2040
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN)
CONCLUSIONS
NL is large natural gas consumer (~1500 PJ/y)
much heat required (1100 PJ/y)
ambitious biomass objectives (80, 200, 1000 PJ/y)
SNG: a new biomass-based energy carrier?!
(5)
Velen, 23 April 2006
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN)
CONTENTS
what is SNG?
SNG why?
how SNG?
SNG potential
SNG price
conclusions
(6)
Velen, 23 April 2006
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN)
WHAT IS SNG?
SNG: Substitute Natural Gas (or Synthetic Natural Gas or
Green Gas), similar to natural gas but made from coal,
biomass, waste, …
do not confuse SNG with:
syngas (a mixture of H2, CO, CO2, H2O)
product gas (e.g. from fluidised bed gasifier: mixture of
H2, CO, CO2, H2O, CH4, C2, …)
biogas (product of digestion: mixture of CH4 and CO2)
(7)
Velen, 23 April 2006
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN)
WHY SNG?
considerations
natural gas is the fuel of choice worldwide
but supplies are finite, SNG is one option (see USA)
SNG from biomass also avoids CO2 emissions
ECN focuses on large-scale production of SNG for heat:
~50% of NL energy comes from natural gas
most of this is used for heating (of which ~0% renewable)
in NL: biomass not available in large quantities, import
necessary
in NL: biomass fuel will clean (wood), expensive and
concentrated in large harbors
(8)
Velen, 23 April 2006
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN)
WHY SNG?
advantages
gas storage enables
whole year operation
efficient and cheap
distribution of gas
easy
application
cheap production
at large scale
biomass import
SNG
plant
existing
gas grid
no local biomass
transport
natural gas
back-up
easy to meet
emission limits
distributed use for
transport, heat,
electricity
high social
acceptance
biomass
SNG (Substitute Natural Gas)
(9)
Velen, 23 April 2006
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN)
HOW TO MAKE SNG
two options
upgraded
biogas
technology:
digestion / landfill
gasification & methanation
commercially available
in development (for biomass)
implementation:
today
> 2010
production scale:
small (~300 kW)
large (~1,000 MW)
feedstock:
wet biomass
(available)
dry biomass
(import required in NL)
potential:
limited
(< 60 PJ in NL)
unlimited
(> 240 PJ in NL)
status:
(10)
Substitute Natural
Gas (SNG)
Velen, 23 April 2006
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN)
HOW TO MAKE SNG
Substitute Natural
Gas (SNG)
gasification system
methanation:
3 H2 + CO
CH4 + H2O
2 H2 + 2 CO
CH4 + CO2
gasifier
(11)
Velen, 23 April 2006
tar
reduction
further gas
cleaning
CH4
synthesis
gas
upgrading
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN)
HOW TO MAKE SNG
efficiency
three cases
general process
100%
wood
100%
EF
gasifier
Ogasifier
2-blown
CFB
gasifier
80%
gas
100%
air-blown
80%
H2, CO
CH4 synthesis
CH4 synthesis
80% efficiency
64%
SNG
64%
CH4
38%
66%
75%
37%
O2-blown
indirect
gasifier
0%
instant SNG
CH4 synthesis
30%
45%
71%
80%
35%
CH4 synthesis
28%
EF: entrained flow, CFB: circulating fluidised bed
(12)
Velen, 23 April 2006
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN)
SNG POTENTIAL
contribution of biomass in
primary energy consumption
(100% = 3300 PJ/y in 2005)
30%
20%
first generation
SNG (digestion)
biomass goals
second generation
SNG (gasification)
10%
6%
1.7%
0%
2005
(13)
2.5%
2010
Velen, 23 April 2006
30%
bioSNG potential
10%
2%
2020
2040
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN)
FUTURE PRICE OF SNG
biomass 4 €/GJ
depreciation: 14% of investment yearly
operation and maintenance: 8% of investment yearly
8000 h/y
70% biomass-to-SNG efficiency
investment costs based on GtL
1000 MWth: 10-11 €/GJ SNG production costs
for comparison: 7 €/GJ natural gas price (today!)
difference corresponds to 50-75 €/ton CO2
(14)
Velen, 23 April 2006
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN)
ECN RESEARCH PROGRAMME
gasifier
tar
reduction
further gas
cleaning
CH4
synthesis
gas
upgrading
MILENA indirect gasifier
can be operated as:
SilvaGas
FICFB
BFB
5 kg/h biomass
since 2004
150 kg/h in preparation
(15)
Velen, 23 April 2006
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN)
ECN RESEARCH PROGRAMME
gasifier
tar
reduction
further gas
cleaning
CH4
synthesis
gas
upgrading
OLGA tar removal
removes tars efficiently
tar dew point < 0°C
www.dahlman.nl
2 and 200 nm3/h unit
available
1500 nm3/h constructed
(16)
Velen, 23 April 2006
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN)
ECN RESEARCH PROGRAMME
gasifier
tar
reduction
further gas
cleaning
CH4
synthesis
gas
upgrading
SACHA dry gas cleaning
H2S, COS, HCl removal
(17)
Velen, 23 April 2006
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN)
ECN RESEARCH PROGRAMME
gasifier
tar
reduction
further gas
cleaning
CH4
synthesis
gas
upgrading
methanation catalysts
selection
no ECN catalyst
development (yet)
(18)
Velen, 23 April 2006
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN)
ECN RESEARCH PROGRAMME
gasifier
tar
reduction
further gas
cleaning
CH4
synthesis
gas
upgrading
first integrated test scheduled mid 2006
on lab-scale (2-8 nm3/h)
(19)
Velen, 23 April 2006
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN)
CONCLUSIONS
ECN vision: SNG from biomass will become important
SNG production should be large-scale (typically 1000
MW) plus gas storage
high production efficiency required: gasification <1000°C
indirect gasification preferred technology
ECN research on all major parts (with partners):
gasification
gas cleaning
methanation
SNG: the new biomass-based energy carrier !!!
(20)
Velen, 23 April 2006
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN)
MORE INFORMATION
Bram van der Drift
e: vanderdrift@ecn.nl
t: +31 224 56 4515
PO Box 1
NL 1755 ZG Petten
the Netherlands
Publications: www.ecn.nl/biomass
Phyllis biomass composition database: www.phyllis.nl
Tar dew point calculation tool: www.thersites.nl
(21)
Velen, 23 April 2006
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN)