Welded pipe, not annealed DIN 2463/17457

short name: RO*
Welded pipe, not annealed
DIN 2463/17457
technical product sheet
D
s
kg
12,0
15,0
16,0
17,0
17,5
18,0
20,0
20,0
21,3
21,3
21,3
22,0
22,0
25,0
25,0
26,0
26,9
26,9
27,0
28,0
30,0
30,0
30,0
32,0
33,0
33,7
33,7
33,7
34,0
35,0
36,0
38,0
40,0
42,4
42,4
42,4
1,0
1,0
2,0
1,0
2,0
1,0
1,0
2,0
1,0
2,0
2,6
1,0
2,0
1,5
2,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
1,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
3,2
1,0
1,5
3,0
1,0
3,0
2,0
3,0
3,2
0,394
0,347
0,000
0,401
0,770
0,426
0,476
0,901
0,500
0,967
1,217
0,526
1,002
0,883
1,160
0,725
1,247
1,800
0,650
0,676
0,726
1,402
0,000
0,800
0,804
1,588
2,300
2,444
0,826
1,258
2,486
0,926
2,779
2,023
3,100
3,186
created 29.10.2016 00:44
Art.-Nr.
2O-012-010
2O-015-010
2O-016-020
2O-017-010
2O-017-020
2O-018-010
2O-020-010
2O-020-020
2O-021-010
2O-021-020
2O-021-026
2O-022-010
2O-022-020
2O-025-015
2O-025-020
2O-026-010
2O-026-020
2O-026-030
2O-027-010
2O-028-010
2O-030-010
2O-030-020
2O-030-030
2O-032-010
2O-033-010
2O-033-020
2O-033-030
2O-033-032
2O-034-010
2O-035-015
2O-036-030
2O-038-010
2O-040-030
2O-042-020
2O-042-030
2O-042-032
1/11
D
s
kg
43,0
43,0
44,0
44,5
45,0
48,3
48,3
48,3
50,0
50,0
51,0
52,0
55,0
55,0
60,0
60,3
60,3
60,3
63,0
64,0
65,0
68,0
70,0
76,1
76,1
76,1
76,1
82,5
88,9
88,9
101,6
101,6
101,6
101,6
114,3
116,0
133,0
133,0
139,7
139,7
139,7
159,0
162,0
168,3
168,3
168,3
204,0
210,0
219,1
219,1
219,1
323,9
323,9
406,4
1,0
1,5
3,0
3,0
1,5
1,5
2,0
3,0
1,0
3,0
3,0
1,0
1,0
3,0
3,0
2,0
3,0
5,0
3,0
2,0
2,0
1,5
2,0
1,5
2,0
3,0
3,6
3,0
2,0
3,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
8,0
3,0
6,0
3,0
4,0
2,6
3,0
4,0
4,0
6,0
3,0
6,0
8,0
3,0
3,0
3,0
4,0
6,0
3,0
8,0
8,0
1,055
1,560
3,100
3,127
1,612
1,877
2,319
3,400
1,227
3,531
3,768
1,277
1,339
3,918
4,255
2,929
4,255
6,920
4,000
3,105
3,165
2,505
3,405
2,820
3,722
5,320
6,535
0,000
4,366
6,473
4,988
0,000
9,800
21,450
8,365
0,000
9,800
15,574
8,925
10,300
13,592
15,525
0,000
12,547
24,460
33,620
10,150
15,550
16,285
21,613
32,118
24,180
63,480
78,300
Art.-Nr.
2O-043-010
2O-043-015
2O-044-030
2O-044-029
2O-045-015
2O-048-015
2O-048-020
2O-048-030
2O-050-010
2O-050-030
2O-051-030
2O-052-010
2O-055-010
2O-055-030
2O-060-030
2O-060-020
2O-060-030
2O-060-050
2O-063-030
2O-064-020
2O-065-020
2O-068-015
2O-070-020
2O-076-015
2O-076-020
2O-076-030
2O-076-036
2O-082-030
2O-088-020
2O-088-030
2O-101-020
2O-101-030
2O-101-040
2O-101-080
2O-114-030
2O-116-060
2O-133-030
2O-133-040
2O-139-026
2O-139-030
2O-139-040
2O-159-040
2O-162-060
2O-168-030
2O-168-060
2O-168-080
2O-204-030
2O-210-030
2O-219-030
2O-219-040
2O-219-060
2O-323-030
2O-323-080
2O-406-080
available material: 1.4828
Installation supplies › tubes › round › welded › special materials › heat-proof
created 29.10.2016 00:44
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D
created 29.10.2016 00:44
s
kg
Art.-Nr.
3/11
Pipes made of austenitic, heat-resistant steels
Heat-resistant steels were specially developed for use at high temperatures.
In the form of pipes, they are used in the construction of heat exchangers, for example.
Characteristics of heat-resistant steels
Heat-resistant steels are steels possessing good mechanical properties for short and long-term
loading due to their higher alloy content of chromium, nickel, silicon, and aluminium
and with special resistance to the effects of hot gases and combustion products as well as
molten salt and metal at temperatures above approximately 550°C. The level of their
resistance depends enormously on the reaction conditions and cannot be determined
using any test method.
Scaling Resistance in the Air
Table 1
Type of Steel
Material
Temperature*
X12 C≤.iTi18 9
X15 C≤.iSi 20 12
X 12 C≤.i 25 21
X 15 C≤.iSi 25 20
X 10 .iC≤AlTi 32 20
1.4878
1.4828
1.4845
1.4841
1.4876
850°C
1000°C
1050°C
1150°C
1100°C
Chemical Composition
Table 2
Material
C%
Si %
Mn max.
P max
S max
1.4878
1.4828
1.4845
1.4841
1.4876
≤0.12
≤0.20
≤0.15
≤0.20
≤0.12
≤1.0
1.5-2.5
≤0.75
1.5-2.5
≤1.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.020
created 29.10.2016 00:44
Al %
Cr %
Ni %
0.15-0.6
17.0-19.0
19.0-21.0
24.0-26.0
24.0-26.0
19.0-23.0
9.0-12.0
11.0-13.0
19.0-22.0
19.0-22.0
30.0-34.0
4/11
The scaling resistance the high-alloyed chromium-nickel steels is achieved using a
protective top layer consisting primarily of chromium oxide.
Additional additives, especially of aluminum and silicon, provide additional protection.
.
Oxidation, sulfurization, carburization, nitrogenization, and reactions with ashes and
other solid or molten deposits are particularly important for the scaling resistance from
a technical standpoint. The reactions can occur individually or simultaneously depending
on the prevailing conditions and may have correspondingly different reaction rates.
..
The scaling limit temperatures specified in Table 1 apply to air and are
an approximation for sulfur-free combustion gases. For high water vapor contents, the
actual scaling limit may be lower. For completely combusted, sulfur-free gases, a
reduction of the scaling resistance by 100 to 200°C must be taken into account
depending on the composition of the gas.
...
In combustion gases containing sulfur, there is no significant impact on the scaling resistance
when a surplus of air is available.
In complete combusted, sulfurous gases, though, the scaling limit is significantly reduced
due to the formation of sulfide. Alloys with high nickel contents can exhibit strong scaling
above the nickel-nickel sulfide eutectic point, which is approx. 640°C.
....
When exposed to incompletely combusted gases, carburization of the heat-resistant
steels can occur. In this case, bonding with chromium can result in the depletion of this
element as a mixed crystal, which is indicated by a reduced scaling resistance.
The austenitic chromium-nickel steels, especially those with a high nickel content, are less
sensitive than the corresponding ferritic chromium steels.
.....
For reductive combustion gases containing nitrogen, the behavior of the steel is similar
to that during carburization.
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For deposits from the combustion gases, low-melting eutectics can form on the steel
due to reaction with the scale layer, which quickly leads to the destruction of
the material. The permissible temperature limits depend greatly in this case on the
composition of the deposits and are generally very low, for example like when
alkaline sulfates, phosphates, metals and/or heavy metal oxides are present.
Sulfidation is increased the most by hydrogen sulfide. Aluminum and silicon
improve resistance against sulfidation.
Nickel and silicon Improve the carburization resistance.
.
When starting up and shutting down systems and during downtimes, combustion products may
condense. If this condensate contains sulfurous acid or sulfuric acid, then you must
expect a stronger reaction.
..
Heat-resistant steels are generally used at temperatures at which the
material creeps when stressed. When calculating for systems, you must use
the creep strength and elongation time values provided in Table 4.
Comparison of Standards
Table 3
Material
AISI
AFNOR
UNI
GOST
SBB*
1.4878
1.4828
1.4845
1.4841
1.4876
321
309
310S
314
-
Z 6 C.T 18-10
Z15 C.S 20-12
Z12 C. 25-20
Z 12 C.S 25-20
Z 8 .C 32-21
X 6 C≤.iTi1811
X 22 C≤.i 25 20
X 16 C≤.iSi 25 2
-
12 Ch 48 . 10 T
20 Ch 20 . 14 S
20 Ch 25 . 20 S
Ch. 32 T
A700
H550
H522
H525
H500
(*)=Manufacturer's Code Schöller-Bleckmann Böhler
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When using heat-resistant steels, you must expect changes in the material
in certain temperature ranges that, after cooling down to room temperature, can
lead to a reduction of the ductility. The behavior of the material at the operating
temperature is generally not affected by this.
Mechanical Properties
Table 4
Type of Steel
Hardness
Elastic Limit*
Tensile Strength
Fracture Elongation
(Mate≤ial)
1.4878
1.4828
1.4845
1.4841
1.4876
(HB)
130-190
150-210
130-190
150-210
139-190
(./mm²)
min. 210
min. 230
min. 210
min. 230
min. 210
(./mm²)
500-750
500-750
500-750
550-800
500-750
(L0=5Da longitudinal
min. 40%
min. 30%
min. 35%
min. 30%
min. 30%
The values apply to cold formed pipes with wall thicknesses of 0.5 to 5 mm
(*)=0.2% elastic limit
(**)=The values apply to sample thicknesses ≥ 3 mm.
In austenitic steels with higher Cr content, the Ω phase can form the temperature
range from 550 to 900°C. The Ω phase is a brittle, intermetallic compound
between iron and chromium and other transition metals that do not exhibit any non-permissible
changes to the ductility at operating temperatures, but that can cause the material to become
brittle after cooling down to room temperature. Si and Cr promote these precipitation processes,
while Ni and Al hinder them. The Ω phase is only relevant in actual practice for 1.4821 and 1.4841.
The Ω phase can be dissolved again by annealing at temperatures > 900°C.
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Characteristic values of the long-term behavior at high temperatures
1% Elastic Limit*
Table 5
Material
Temperature
for 1,000h
for 10,000h
1.4878
600 °C
700 °C
800 °C
110 ./mm²
45
15
85 ./mm²
30
10
1.4828
600
700
800
900
°C
°C
°C
°C
120
50
20
8
80
25
10
4
1.4841
600
700
800
900
°C
°C
°C
°C
150
53
23
10
105
37
12
5.7
1.4876
600
700
800
900
°C
°C
°C
°C
130
70
30
13 ./mm²
90
40
15
5 ./mm²
(*)=The stress, based on the initial diameter, that leads to a permanent elongation of 1%
after 1,000 or 10,000 h
Creep Strength*
Table 6
Material
Temperature
for 1,000h
for 10,000h
1.4878
600 °C
700 °C
800 °C
185 ./mm²
80
35
115 ./mm²
45
20
for 100,000h
65 ./mm²
22
10
1.4828
600
700
800
900
°C
°C
°C
°C
190
75
35
15
120
36
18
8.5
65
16
7.5
3
1.4841
600
700
800
900
°C
°C
°C
°C
230
80
35
15
160
40
18
8.5
80
18
7
3
1.4876
600
700
800
900
°C
°C
°C
°C
200
90
45
20 ./mm²
152
68
30
11 ./mm²
114
47
19
4 ./mm²
(*)=The stress, based on the initial diameter, that leads to breakage after 1,000, 10,000 or 100,000 h.
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Physical Properties
Average linear coefficient of expansion between 20°C and ...
Table 7
Material
...400°C
...800°C
...1000°C
1.4878
1.4828
1.4845
1.4841
1.4876
18.00
17.50
17.00
17.00
16.00
19.00
18.50
18.00
18.00
17.50
19.50
19.00
19.00
18.50
(10
mm) : (m x °C)
Thermal Conductivity
Table 8
Material
20°C
1.4878
1.4828
1.4845
1.4841
1.4876
500°C
0.15
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.12
0.21
0.21
0.19
0.19
0.19
(W) : (cm x °C)
Other Characteristic Values
Table 9
Material
Density*
Specific Heat**
p***
1.4878
1.4828
1.4845
1.4841
1.4876
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.9
8.0
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.75
0.85
0.85
0.90
1.00
(*)=g/cm³
(**)=J : (g x °C)
(***)=Specific electrical resistance for (O x mm²) : m
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Processing
Heat-resistant austenitic CrNi steels are characterized by a high temperature strength
in addition to their good scaling resistance. For this reason, they can generally be used for
purposes in which a high mechanical strength is required in addition to
scaling resistance. The high temperature strength of the material 1.4876 is improved
through the addition of titanium and aluminum so that the long-term values for this material
at temperatures over 600°C are comparatively high.
.
Due to the NI content, these steels are more sensitive to sulfurous gases, especially in
non-oxidizing atmospheres. On the other hand, they have better resistance to carburization
and nitrogenization in comparison to ferritic steels.
The material 1.4841 should not be used in continuous operation at temperatures below 900°C
due to its tendency to become brittle in the Ω phase.
..
It should only be necessary in a few cases for the user to hot-form the heat-resistant
austenitic steels. The hot forming temperature is 1150 - 800°C.
...
Due to their low yield strength and high elasticity, austenitic steels have good
cold forming properties. After very strong deformation, the resulting cold hardening
effects can be undone through subsequent heat treatment with fast quenching.
....
Annealing the austenitic steels at 900°C air temperature offers advantages
In terms of cutting operations over the quenched state.
In solution annealing, the steel is cooled in water or air, and for thinner walls,
in air or inert gas.
.....
When machining austenitic steels, adequate cooling must be ensured due to
their low thermal conductivity. Its strong cold hardening behavior, which can
make the use of dull tools or machining at the cutting depth more difficult,
requires the use of sharper tools and the correct specification of the cutting depth
and cutting speed.
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Welding
The heat-resistant austenitic steels are, assuming the corresponding qualifications are available,
suitable for welding using all of the known methods. However, arc welding should be preferred
over gas fusion welding.
Welding slag must be removed. Its presence will lead to high removal rates, especially for
Sulfurous oven gases, due to the formation of low-melting corrosion products.
Preheating and heat treatment after welding is generally unnecessary.
Filler Metals
Table 10
Base Metal
Electrode or Welding Rod
1.4878
1.4828
1.4845
1.4841
1.4876
1.4551/1.4829
1.4829
1.4842
1.4842
2.4806/2.4807
Product Range
We supply seamless hot-rolled and cold-processed pipes made of heat-resistant steels as well as
welded pipes with dimensions and tolerances based on DIN 2462 and DIN 2463.
Acceptance
An acceptance test certificate according to DIN 50049/3.1 can be made available for the
heat-resistant pipes. Acceptance is performed according to Steel-Iron Material Data Sheet 470.
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