African tulip tree

Transcription

African tulip tree

Sustainability of Tropical AgroEcosystems, Roadside Tree ID Guide, page 1
African
tulip tree
Family:
Species:
Bignoniaceae
Spathodea campanulata
Other Common Names: Flame Tree;
Fountain Tree, Flame of the forest
Habitat: pan tropical
Native to: Equatorial Africa
Diagnostic Feature(s):
• Trees 60 - 80 ft tall
• Bright orange clusters of flowers
• Soft wood, fast growing
http://www.hilozoo.com/plants/PT_atulip.htm
Almendro
Family:
Species:
Fabaceae
Dipteryx panamensis
Other Common Names: Mountain
almond, ironwood
Habitat: Tropical rain forests, up
900 m in elevation, with between 350
and 500 cm of annual rainfall,
and temperatures between 25 and 31º C.
Native to: Atlantic coast from Central America to Colombia
•
•
It is one of the species which rises above the forest canopy. Reaches heights of 50 m.
Prime nesting for the endangered Green Macaw (Ara ambigua), which lives in holes left by
falling branches.
• Foliage, pinnately compound, winged rachis, asymmetric leaves
• Large size
http://www.una.ac.cr/ambi/Ambien-Tico/93/chaves.htm
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Agora/9751/almendro.htm
Balsa
Family: Bombacaceae
Species: Ochroma pyramidale or lagopus
Other Common Names:
Balsa (Central and South America in general),
Corcho (Mexico), Gatillo (Nicaragua), Enea,
Pung (Costa Rica), Lana (Panama), Pau de
balsa (Brazil), Palo de balsa (Peru), Tami
(Bolivia).
Habitat: Drier, warmer areas. Widely distributed
in tropical America; throughout the West Indies,
and from southern Mexico, through Central
America and into Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil,
Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Usually found at lower
elevations especially on bottom land soils along
streams; also in clearings and cut-over forests.
Cultivated in plantations.
• Large, slightly lobed leaves
• Native trees are 60 to 90 ft high and 2.5 to
4 ft in diameter. On the best sites may reach
a height of 80 ft and a diameter of 2.5 ft in
5 years.
• Slight buttresses develop in the larger trees.
Uses:
•
Insulation for heat, vibration, and sound;
rafts, life belts, floats, core stock in
sandwich constructions, surgical splints,
toys, and model airplanes.
From: http://www.windsorplywood.com/tropical_woodspage.html
Breadfruit
Family: Moraceae
Species: Artocarpus altilis
Other Common Names: Spanish as fruta de pan
(fruit), or arbol de pan, arbol del pan (tree), or pan
de pobre; into French, as fruit a pain (seedless),
chataignier (withseeds), arbre à pain (tree);
Portuguese, fruta pão, or pão de massa; Dutch,
broodvrucht (fruit), broodboom (tree).
InVenezuela it may be called pan de ano, pan de
todo el ano, pan de palo, pan de ñame, topán, or
tupán; in Guatemala and Honduras, mazapán
(seedless), castaña (with seeds); in Perú, marure;
in Yucatán, castaño de Malabar (with seeds); in
Puerto Rico, panapén (seedless), pana de pepitas
(with seeds). In Malaya and Java, it is suku or
sukun (seedless); kulur, kelur, or kulor (with seeds);
in Thailand, sa-ke, in the Philippines, rimas (seedless); in Hawaii, ulu.
Habitat: The warm, humid tropics, below 600 m (2000 ft) asl. Native to a vast area extending
from New Guinea through the Indo-Malayan Archipelago to Western Micronesia
• Leaves that are very large and deeply lobed.
• Fruits are only seasonally present
• Trees are fast-growing, reaching 85 ft (26 m) in height, often with a clear trunk to 20 ft (6
m) becoming 2 to 6 ft (0.6-1.8 m) in width and often buttressed at the base, though some
varieties may never exceed 1/4 or 1/2 of these dimensions
Uses:
• Starchy fruit with a bread-like flavor once cooked
From: Morton, J. 1987. Breadfruit. p. 50–58. In: Fruits of warm climates. Julia F. Morton,
Miami, FL.
Calistemón
Family: Myrtaceae
Species: Callistemon spp.
Other Common Names: Bottlebrush tree
Habitat: Grow along water. Found in open forest or
woodland in areas with high rainfall.
Native to: Australia
•
Popular ornamental in gardens and roadsides
• Small - to - medium-sized tree
• Flowers that look like a red bottle brush
• Short, narrow leaves
For more inforamation:
http://farrer.csu.edu.au/ASGAP/callis1a.html
http://www.uniba.sk/bzuk/calistemon.JPG
Calabash Tree
Family: Bignonaceae
Species: Crescentia cujete
Other Common Names:
jícaro, krabasi, kalebas, huingo.
Habitat: Warmer, drier areas of Central and South
America, the West Indies, and extreme southern Florida.
• Gourd-like fruit on the tree
• Tree grows to a height of about thirty feet. The
branches are long and form a spreading habit. The
characteristic arrangement of the leaves is in
clustered or condensed spirals or reduced shoots
borne on long thin branches. The habit is strangely
gaunt and the clusters of leaves are themselves
spirally arranged on the branches. Each leaf is
between two and five inches long. The texture is
leathery and the color is bright green on the upper
surface and paler below.
Uses:
• Handicrafts such as pots, rattles, or even drums
• Water containers, bowls, and other implements
• The fruit pulp is used for respiratory problems
(asthma).
Cecropia
Family: Cecropiaceae
Species: Cecropia obtusifolia & others
Other Common Names: Guarumo, trumpet tree
Habitat: New world tropics, from Southern
Mexico to Ecuador and Colombia
• Leaves- see photo
• Trees usually 5-10 m tall
• Is a myrmecophyte– it has a symbiotic
relationship with Azteca ants
Uses:
• Indicator of a disturbed habitat
• One of the first species to grow back following clearing
Cedrela
Family: Meliaceae
Species: Cedrela fissilis
Other Common Names: Spanish cedar
Habitat: From Costa Rica to Argentina
• Distinctive leaf shape
Uses:
• Timber mostly, second only to mahogany in
desirability
• Fragrant light weight wood that is termite
resistant and rot-resistant outdoors
• Used to make cigar boxes, panelling, veneer,
and used for construction
From: Wikipedia
Ceiba
Family: Bombacaceae
Species: Ceiba pentandra
Other Common Names: Silk cotton tree, kapok
(English); Fromager (French West Indies),
Pochota, Yaxche (Mexico), Bonga, Ceiba de lana
(Colombia), Ceiba yuca (Venezuela), Sumauma
(Brazil), Toborochi (Bolivia).
Habitat: Warmer areas. Throughout the tropical
world; from the Tropic of Cancer in Mexico
southward through Central America to Colombia,
Venezuela, Brazil, and Ecuador.
• A very large tree with a height of 150 ft and a diameter of 7 ft above the buttresses, which
often are of plank form and wide spreading; the trunk, which is cylindrical or at times
thicker in the middle, is smooth or covered with large conical spines
• Characteristically an open-grown tree.
Uses:
• Plywood, packaging, lumber core stock, light construction, pulp and paper products, also
used locally for canoes and rafts.
• Floss on seeds (kapok) harvested for use in buoys, life belts, stuffing pillows, and similar
articles.
Coral Tree
Family:
Species:
Fabaceae
Erythrina poeppigiana
Other Common Names: Hot poker tree
Habitat: Tropical moist to tropical wet through subtropical dry to subtropical rain forest life
zones, up to 2000 m in elevation, where annual precipitation is 100 to 400 cm, annual
temperature is 20 to 28°C, and pH is 4.0 to7.5.
Native to: Amazon and Orinoco basins from Venezuela to Bolivia, and the moist Pacific forests
of Ecuador and Colombia. It was introduced to Central America and a number of Caribbean
Islands in the 19th century.
• Trifoliolate leaves
• Red flowers (usually Dec to April, and trail off afterwards)
• Seeds that are like bright orange beans, but are highly toxic
Uses:
• Used as coffee shade
•
When gets 2-3 m high, the trunks are lopped at about head height twice a year
•
The prunings are added to the soils as green manure
• Used as living fenceposts – usually 3-5 m tall
•
If not pruned can reach 30 m
http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Erythrina_poeppigiana.html
http://www.winrock.org/forestry/factpub/factsh/erypoepp.htm
Gavilán
Family:
Species:
Fabaceae
Pentaclethra macroloba
Other Common Names:
Habitat: Tropical rain forests. It is one of the
species which rises above the forest canopy.
Reaches heights of 35 m.
•
When grown on roadsides, the tree is
much smaller, usually under 10 m
Native to: From Central America to the
Amazon
• Dark green foliage, bipinnately compound
• Blooms– rainy season
http://fm2.fieldmuseum.org/plantguides/results.asp?genus=Pentaclethra
Gmelina
Family: Verbenaceae
Species: Gmelina arborea
Other Common Names:
Habitat: India, Burma, and eastward to
Vietnam. Now widely planted throughout
the lowland tropics, a favored plantation
species.
• Densely planted tree plantation
Uses:
• General carpentry, furniture
components, utility plywood, pulp
and paper products, particleboard,
matches, carvings, clogs
From:
http://www.windsorplywood.com/tropical_woods/gmelina.html
Goldman’s Ficus
Family: Moraceae
Species: Ficus goldmanii
Other Common Names: higuerón, amate
Habitat: The drier, warmer tropics,
México and Central America
• Roots hanging from the branches
• Tree, with short trunk and umbrella-shaped canopy
• Up to 6-8 m high
Uses:
• Ornamental
Guaba
Family: Fabaceae
Species: Inga spp. – There are 53 spp. in Costa Rica
alone
Other Common Names:
Habitat: variable
Native to: Mexico to Brazil
• Foliage, pinnately compound, winged rachis, and nectaries at base of each leaflet, which
attract ants
• Edible ods of variable length, up to 1 m
• Tree grows up to 20 m
• Used as coffee shade. When prunned, the leaves serve as mulch, and the wood as
firewood.
Guanacaste
Family: Fabaceae
Species: Enterolobium cyclocarpum
Other Common Names: Conacaste, Orejo, Perota (Mexico), Genicero, Jarina (Costa Rica),
Corotu (Panama), Orejero, Caro (Colombia), Carocaro (Venezuela).
Habitat: Warm, dry regions. Mexico and southward through Central America to Trinidad,
Venezuela, Guyana, and Brazil; often planted as an ornamental.
• Tree heights 60 to 100 ft with a stout short trunk 3 to 6 ft or more in diameter
• large spreading crown.
Uses:
• Core stock, pattern wood, paneling, interior trim, furniture components, and veneer
Indio Desnudo
Family: Burseraceae
Species: Bursera simaruba
Other Common Names:
Gumbo Limbo Tree, Turpentine tree (Jamaica),
Gommier blanc (Haiti), Chaca, Palo chino
(Mexico), Carate (Panama, Colombia), Carana,
Indio desnudo (Venezuela).
Habitat: Of common occurrence in southern
Florida, the West Indies, southern Mexico, Central
America, and northern South America. The tree is
not exacting as to site and moisture conditions but
reaches its best development in lowland forests,
below 1000 m asl.
• Flaking red bark
• Generally a slender unbuttressed tree of short to medium height, commonly to 60 ft;
diameters 14 to 18 in. Sometimes attain heights of 80 to 90 ft with trunk diameters of 3 ft.
Uses:
•
•
•
•
Living fenceposts
Treatment of stomach ailments
Bark is used as a natural insecticide to protect cattle and horses from biting insects
Turpentine
Mango
Family: Anacardiaceae
Species: Mangifera indica
Other Common Names: Mango,
Mangot, Manga, Mangou
Habitat: The mango is native to
southern Asia, especially Burma
and eastern India. Found in the
warm tropics
• Dark green, glossy, strapshaped leaves
• Grown in yards or
plantations
• Fruit is only present
seasonally
• Trees grow up to 60 ft high
or more
Uses:
• Fruit
• Shade
• Ornamental
From: http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/mango.html
Pachira
Family: Bombacaceae
Species: Pachira aquatica
Other Common Names: Provision Tree, Guiana
Chestnut, Saba Nut, Shaving Brush Tree,
Habitat: Warm, humid tropics of southern México
to northern South America, along estuaries and
lakeshores
• Large brown fruit
• Flowers
• Leaves
• Grows along the water’s edge
• Medium to large sized, spreading tree to
over 60ft tall.
Uses:
• Seeds are eaten raw or cooked, usually
boiled, roasted, or fried. Leaves and
flowers are eaten as vegetables.
From:
http://www.plantcreations.com/pachira_aquatica.htm &
http://www.tradewindsfruit.com/malabar_chestnut.htm
Pochote
Family: Bombacaceae
Species: Bombacopsis quinata
Other common names:
Cedro espino (Honduras,
Nicaragua), Saquisaqui
(Venezuela), Ceiba tolua
(Colombia).
Habitat: Drier, warmer areas. Common in the more open forests of western Nicaragua, Costa
Rica, and Panama. Also on the Atlantic side of Panama and in Colombia and Venezuela.
Abundant throughout its range, mostly on well-drained, often gravelly soils on the upper slopes
of low hills and ridges
• Thorns!!
• Medium-sized to large tree, not infrequently 3 ft and sometimes 5 or 6 ft. in diameter;
reaches a height of 100 ft.
• Wide-spreading crown of heavy branches; somewhat irregular bole; generally buttressed.
Uses:
•
Used locally for general construction, interior finish, millwork, furniture stock, veneer
and plywood, particleboard, and pulp and paper products
Tabebuia
Family: Bignoniaceae
Species: Tabebuia spp.
Other Common Names:
Palo blanco, Cortez, Corteza
Habitat:
• Distributed from Colombia to Bolivia, the
Guianas, and Southeastern Brazil
• Found in the seasonal forests and the cerrado
at sea level to 1200 m in elevation
• Stands out of the forest canopy
• Distinctive trumpet flowers cover the entire
tree
• Leaf is a cluster of five leaflets
Uses:
• Timber uses primarily, the wood is denser
than water and has a fire rating of A1 which
is the same as concrete
• It is used in making furniture and decking
because it is insect resistant and durable
• Also used as an ornamental, and the bark has
medicinal properties
From: http://www.exotichardwoods-southamerica.com/ipe.htm
Wikipedia on Tabebuia
Teak
Family: Verbenaceae
Species: Tectona grandis
Other Common Names:
Kyun (Burma), Teck (French), Teca (Spanish).
Habitat:
• Native to India, Burma, Thailand,
Indochina, including Indonesia, particularly
Java.
• Extensively cultivated in plantations within
its natural range as well as in tropical areas
of Africa and Latin America
• Large leaves
• Growing in a tree plantation
• On favorable sites, may
reach 130 to 150 ft in height
with clear boles to 80 to 90
ft; trunk diameters usually 3
to 5 ft; older trees fluted and
buttressed.
Uses:
• Shipbuilding, joinery, furniture, flooring, carving, cabinetwork, paneling, turnery, tanks
and vats, fixtures requiring high resistance to acids.
Tropical Almond
Family: Combretaceae
Species: Terminalia catappa
Other Common Names: badamier, Java almond,
amandier de Cayenne, tropical almond, wild
almond, Indian almond, myrobalan, Malabar
almond, Singapore almond, ketapang, Huu kwang,
Sea almond, kobateishi, West Indian almond,
amandel huu kwang.
Habitat: Pan tropical in the warmer, wetter areas.
Native to India or Malay Peninsula
• Large, oval-shaped leaves
• Small to medium-sized tree, up to 20-30 ft tall
• Whorled horizontal branches
• The flowers are axillary and occur in slender spikes.
• The fruit is flattened or compressed and narrowly winged– i.e., almond-shaped, that turns
yellow when ripe
Uses:
• Ornamental
From: http://www.uog.edu/cals/site/POG/terminalia.html &
http://www.tropilab.com/terminalia-cat.html
Tropical Almond
Family: Combretaceae
Species: Terminalia catappa
Other Common Names: badamier, Java almond,
amandier de Cayenne, tropical almond, wild
almond, Indian almond, myrobalan, Malabar
almond, Singapore almond, ketapang, Huu kwang,
Sea almond, kobateishi, West Indian almond,
amandel huu kwang.
Habitat: Pan tropical in the warmer, wetter areas.
Native to India or Malay Peninsula
• Large, oval-shaped leaves
• Small to medium-sized tree, up
to 20-30 ft tall
• Whorled horizontal branches
in layers
• The flowers are axillary and
occur in slender spikes.
• The fruit is flattened or
compressed and narrowly
winged– i.e., almond-shaped,
that turns yellow when ripe
Uses:
• Ornamental
From: http://www.uog.edu/cals/site/POG/terminalia.html &
http://www.tropilab.com/terminalia-cat.html
Casuarina
Family: Casuarinaceae,
Species: Casuarina catappa
Other Common Names:
Australian pine, she-oak.
Habitat: Neo-tropical in the warmer areas.
Native to Australasia and the south pacific
•
Medium sized tree 15–20 m or more tall
•
Trunk straight, to 30 cm in diameter
•
Fruiting cones are ca 10 mm long, globular, very regular, with prominent valves
•
Scale leaves 8–10, whorled at the nodes
Uses:
• Timber, windbreaks
From:
•
http://pick4.pick.uga.edu/mp/20q?search=Casuarina+cunninghamiana&guide=Trees
•
http://jrscience.wcp.muohio.edu/Photos/AustralianPine.jpeg (Photo)
Malinche
Family: Fabaceae
Species: Delonix regia
Other Common Names:
Royal Poinciana, flame of the forest,
flamboyant
Habitat: Dry tropical forest.
Native to Madagascar
• Medium-sized tree, up 30-40 ft (9.1-12.2 m) tall
• Deciduous
• Bright-orange flowers, usually before the rainy season
• Long pods
Uses:
• Ornamental, shade tree
• Seeds used for decoration
From:
http://lacomunidad.elpais.com/blogfiles/tercermundo-tamarindo/ArbolMalincheGuanacasteC.R..j
pg (photo)
http://treesofcostarica.info/Malinche.htm
http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/images/600max/html/starr_020630_0014_delonix_regia.htm

African tulip tree

Transcription

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