Det Periodiske System - kosmos

1
1
Grundstofnavn
Atomnummer
Grundstofsymbol
Smeltepunkt
Kogepunkt
Densitet
2
Hydrogen
1
1H
(Brint)
Ts = –259 °C
Tk = –253 °C
2 Beryllium
1
2
3 Li
3
Perioder
4
19 K
37 Rb
Ts = 38,9 °C
Tk = 688 °C
d = 1,53 g/cm3
Caesium
6
55 Cs
Ts = 28,4 °C
Tk = 671 °C
d = 1,90 g/cm3
Francium
7
87 Fr
Ts = 27 °C
Tk = 677 °C
Luftart
Antal
elektroner
i de
forskellige
skaller
3
12 Mg
Kunstigt fremstillet
5B
2 Yttrium
8
18
8
Ts = 1526 °C
2
2 Barium
8
18
18
Ts = 727 °C
8
T = 1640 °C
1 k
2
8
18
18
8
2
2
8
18
32
18
8
1
2
8
18
32
18
8
2
39 Y
Tk = 1382 °C
d = 2,54 g/cm3
56 Ba
d = 3,59 g/cm3
Radium
88 Ra
Ts = 700 °C
Tk = 1140 °C
d = 5,0 g/cm3
6C
Tk = 3336 °C
d = 4,47 g/cm3
(Kulstof)
Ts = 3550 °C
Tk = 4827 °C
d = 3,51 g/cm3
2 Silicium
8
3
14 Si
Ts = 660 °C
Tk = 2519 °C
d = 2,70 g/cm3
Undergrupper
2 Strontium
8
18
8
Ts = 777 °C
1
38 Sr
2 Carbon
3
Bor
13 Al
21 Sc
8
2
Tk = –269 °C
d = 0,17 g/L
Ikke-metaller
Aluminium
Ts = 1541 °C
Tk = 2830 °C
d = 2,99 g/cm3
7
Fast stof
2
8
2
2 Titan
8
9
2
6
2 He
Ts = 2075 °C
Tk = 4000 °C
d = 2,34 g/cm3
2 Scandium
8
8
2
5
Helium
Metaller
2 Calcium
8
8
1
Ts = 842 °C
Tk = 1484 °C
d = 1,54 g/cm3
4
Væske
Ts = 650 °C
Tk = 1090 °C
d = 1,74 g/cm3
20 Ca
Ts = 63,4 °C
Tk = 759 °C
d = 0,86 g/cm3
Rubidium
5
2 Magnesium
8
1
Ts = 97,7 °C
Tk = 883 °C
d = 0,97 g/cm3
Kalium
Ts= 1135 °C
Tk= 4131 °C
d = 19,0 g/cm3
Hovedgrupper
Ts = 1278 °C
Tk = 2471 °C
d = 1,85 g/cm3
Ts = 181 °C
Tk = 1342 °C
d = 0,53 g/cm3
11 Na
92 U
2
2
4 Be
Natrium
2
8
18
32
21
9
2
Uran
Kun radioaktive atomer
d = 0,084 g/L
Lithium
DET PERIODISKE SYSTEM
Eksempel
Hovedgrupper
Ts = 1410 °C
Tk = 3265 °C
d = 2,33 g/cm3
2 Nitrogen
4
7N
(Kvælstof)
Ts = –210 °C
Tk = –196 °C
d = 1,17 g/L
2 Phosphor
8
4
15 P
Ts = 44,2 °C
Tk = 280 °C
d = 2,34 g/cm3
2 Oxygen
5
8O
2 Fluor
6
9F
(Ilt)
Ts = –219 °C
Tk = –183 °C
d = 1,33 g/L
2 Svovl
8
5
16 S
Ts = –220 °C
Tk = –188 °C
d = 1,58 g/L
2 Chlor
8
6
17 Cl
Ts = 119 °C
Tk = 445 °C
d = 2,07 g/cm3
Ts = –101 °C
Tk = –34 °C
d = 2,95 g/L
2 Neon
7
2
8
10 Ne
Ts = –249 °C
Tk = –246 °C
d = 0,84 g/L
2 Argon
8
7
2
8
8
18 Ar
Ts = –189 °C
Tk = –186 °C
d = 1,66 g/L
2 Vanadium
8
10
2
2 Chrom
8
11
2
2 Mangan
8
13
1
2 Jern
8
13
2
2 Cobalt
8
14
2
2 Nikkel
8
15
2
2 Kobber
8
16
2
2 Zink
8
18
1
2 Gallium
8
18
2
2 Germanium
8
18
3
2 Arsen
8
18
4
2 Selen
8
18
5
2 Brom
8
18
6
2 Krypton
8
18
7
2
8
18
8
2 Zirconium
8
18
9
Ts = 1855 °C
2
2 Niobium
8
18
10
Ts = 2477 °C
2
2 Molybden
8
18
12
Ts = 2623 °C
1
2 Technetium
8
18
13
Ts = 2157 °C
1
2 Ruthenium
8
18
13
Ts = 2310 °C
2
2 Rhodium
8
18
15
Ts = 1964 °C
1
2 Palladium
8
18
16
Ts = 1554 °C
1
2 Sølv
8
18
18
2 Cadmium
8
18
18
Ts = 321 °C
1
2 Indium
8
18
18
Ts = 157 °C
2
2 Tin
8
18
18
Ts = 232 °C
3
2 Antimon
8
18
18
Ts = 631 °C
4
2 Tellur
8
18
18
Ts = 450 °C
5
2 Iod
8
18
18
Ts = 114 °C
6
2 Xenon
8
18
18
Ts = –112 °C
7
2
8
18
18
8
Hafnium
2 Tantal
8
18
32
Ts = 3017 °C
10
T = 5458 °C
2 k
2 Wolfram
8
18
32
Ts = 3422 °C
11
T = 5555 °C
2 k
2 Rhenium
8
18
32
Ts = 3186 °C
12
T = 5596 °C
2 k
2 Osmium
8
18
32
Ts = 3033 °C
13
T = 5012 °C
2 k
2 Iridium
8
18
32
Ts = 2446 °C
14
T = 4428 °C
2 k
2 Platin
8
18
32
Ts = 1768 °C
15
T = 3825 °C
2 k
2 Guld
8
18
32
Ts = 1064 °C
17
T = 2856 °C
1 k
2 Kviksølv
8
18
32
Ts = –38,8 °C
18
T = 357 °C
1 k
2 Thallium
8
18
32
Ts = 304 °C
18
T = 1473 °C
2 k
2 Bly
8
18
32
Ts = 327 °C
18
T = 1749 °C
3 k
2 Bismuth
8
18
32
Ts = 271 °C
18
T = 1564 °C
4 k
2 Polonium
8
18
32
Ts = 254 °C
18
T = 962 °C
5 k
3
2 Astat
8
18
32
Ts = 302 °C
18
2 Radon
8
18
32
Ts = –71 °C
18
T = –62 °C
7 k
2
8
18
32
18
8
2 Seaborgium
8
18
32
32
11
2
2 Bohrium
8
18
32
32
12
2
2 Hassium
8
18
32
32
13
2
2 Meitnerium
8
18
32
32
14
2
2 Darmstadtium 2 Roentgenium
8
8
18
18
32
32
32
32
15
16
2
2
2 Copernicium
8
18
32
32
17
2
2 Ununtrium
8
18
32
32
18
2
2 Flerovium
8
18
32
32
18
3
2 Ununpentium
8
18
32
32
18
4
22 Ti
23 V
Ts = 1668 °C
Tk = 3287 °C
d = 4,51 g/cm3
40 Zr
72 Hf
Tk = 4744 °C
d = 8,57 g/cm3
104 Rf
Ts = 920 °C
Tk = 3455 °C
d = 6,17 g/cm3
Actinium
89 Ac
Ts = 1051 °C
Tk = 3200 °C
d = 10,1 g/cm3
2
8
18
18
9
2
2
8
18
32
18
9
2
8
18
32
32
10
2
74 W
105 Db
Cerium
58 Ce
Ts = 799 °C
Tk = 3424 °C
d = 6,7 g/cm3
Thorium
90 Th
Ts = 1750 °C
Tk = 4780 °C
d = 11,7 g/cm3
106 Sg
27 Co
Ts = 1540 °C
Tk = 2760 °C
d = 7,87 g/cm3
44 Ru
Tk = 4877 °C
d = 11,5 g/cm3
75 Re
d = 19,3 g/cm3
26 Fe
Ts = 1246 °C
Tk = 2061 °C
d = 7,44 g/cm3
43 Tc
Tk = 4639 °C
d = 10,2 g/cm3
d = 16,7 g/cm3
Rutherfordium 2 Dubnium
57 La
42 Mo
73 Ta
Ts = 2233 °C
Tk = 4603 °C
d = 13,3 g/cm3
25 Mn
Ts = 1907 °C
Tk = 2671 °C
d = 7,19 g/cm3
41 Nb
Tk = 4409 °C
d = 6,51 g/cm3
Lanthan
24 Cr
Ts = 1910 °C
Tk = 3407 °C
d = 6,1 g/cm3
107 Bh
Ts = 1455 °C
Tk = 2913 °C
d = 8,91 g/cm3
45 Rh
Tk = 4150 °C
d = 12,4 g/cm3
76 Os
d = 21,0 g/cm3
28 Ni
Ts = 1495 °C
Tk = 2927 °C
d = 8,85 g/cm3
46 Pd
Tk = 3695 °C
d = 12,4 g/cm3
Tk = 3125 °C
d = 12,0 g/cm3
77 Ir
d = 22,58 g/cm3
108 Hs
78 Pt
d = 22,55 g/cm3
109 Mt
d = 21,45 g/cm3
110 Ds
29 Cu
Ts = 1085 °C
Tk = 2562 °C
d = 8,96 g/cm3
47 Ag
Ts = 962 °C
Tk = 2162 °C
d = 10,5 g/cm3
79 Au
d = 19,3 g/cm3
111 Rg
30 Zn
Ts = 420 °C
Tk = 907 °C
d = 7,13 g/cm3
48 Cd
Tk = 767 °C
d = 8,65 g/cm3
80 Hg
d = 13,6 g/cm3
112 Cn
31 Ga
32 Ge
Ts = 29,8 °C
Tk = 2204 °C
d = 5,91 g/cm3
49 In
Ts = 938 °C
Tk = 2833 °C
d = 5,32 g/cm3
50 Sn
Tk = 2072 °C
d = 7,31 g/cm3
81 Tl
Tk = 2602 °C
d = 7,3 g/cm3
82 Pb
d = 11,9 g/cm3
113 Uut
d = 11,3 g/cm3
114 Fl
33 As
Ts : sublimerer
ved 614 °C
d = 5,78 g/cm3
51 Sb
Tk = 1587 °C
d = 6,69 g/cm3
83 Bi
d = 9,8 g/cm3
2 Neodym
8
18
21
Ts = 1016 °C
8
T = 3066 °C
2 k
2 Promethium
8
18
22
Ts = 1042 °C
8
T = 3000 °C
2 k
2 Samarium
8
18
23
Ts = 1072 °C
8
T = 1790 °C
2 k
2 Europium
8
18
24
Ts = 822 °C
8
T = 1596 °C
2 k
2 Gadolinium
8
18
25
Ts = 1314 °C
8
T = 3264 °C
2 k
2 Terbium
8
18
25
Ts = 1359 °C
9
T = 3221 °C
2 k
2 Dysprosium
8
18
27
Ts = 1411 °C
8
T = 2561 °C
2 k
2 Holmium
8
18
28
Ts = 1472 °C
8
T = 2694 °C
2 k
2 Erbium
8
18
29
Ts = 1529 °C
8
T = 2862 °C
2 k
2
8
18
32
18
10
2
2
8
18
32
20
9
2
2
8
18
32
21
9
2
2
8
18
32
22
9
2
2
8
18
32
24
8
2
2 Curium
8
18
32
Ts = 1345 °C
25
8
d = 13,3 g/cm3
2
2 Berkelium
8
18
32
Ts = 1050 °C
25
9
2
2 Californium
2 Einsteinium
8
8
18
18
32
32
Ts = 900 °C
Ts = 860 °C
27
28
8
8
d = 15,1 g/cm3
2
2
2 Fermium
8
18
32
Ts = 1527 °C
29
8
2
d = 6,78 g/cm3
Protactinium
91 Pa
Ts = 1572 °C
Tk = 4000 °C
d = 15,4 g/cm3
60 Nd
d = 7,00 g/cm3
Uran
92 U
Ts = 1135 °C
Tk = 4131 °C
d = 19,0 g/cm3
61 Pm
d = 7,3 g/cm3
Neptunium
93 Np
Ts = 640 °C
Tk = 3900 °C
d = 20,4 g/cm3
62 Sm
d = 7,54 g/cm3
Plutonium
94 Pu
Ts = 640 °C
Tk = 3230 °C
d = 19,8 g/cm3
63 Eu
d = 5,25 g/cm3
Americium
95 Am
Ts = 994 °C
Tk = 2600 °C
d = 13,7 g/cm3
64 Gd
d = 7,87 g/cm3
96 Cm
KOSMOS.GYLDENDAL.DK
65 Tb
d = 8,25 g/cm3
97 Bk
66 Dy
d = 8,6 g/cm3
98 Cf
67 Ho
d = 8,80 g/cm3
99 Es
52 Te
Tk = 988 °C
d = 6,24 g/cm3
84 Po
d = 9,2 g/cm
2 Livermorium
8
18
32
32
18
5
115 Uup 116 Lv
2 Praseodym
8
18
20
Ts = 931 °C
8
T = 3510 °C
2 k
59 Pr
34 Se
Ts = 221 °C
Tk = 685 °C
d = 4,79 g/cm3
68 Er
d = 9,07 g/cm3
2 Thulium
8
18
30
Ts = 1545 °C
8
T = 1946 °C
2 k
69 Tm
d = 9,32 g/cm3
2 Mendelevium
8
35 Br
Ts = –7,2 °C
Tk = 58,8 °C
d = 3,12 g/cm3
53 I
Tk = 184 °C
d = 4,35 g/cm3
85 At
6
Tk = 350 °C
36 Kr
Ts = –157 °C
Tk = –153 °C
d = 3,48 g/L
54 Xe
Tk = –108 °C
d = 5,49 g/L
86 Rn
d = 9,2 g/L
2 Ununseptium
2 Ununoctium
8
8
18
18
32
32
32
32
18
18
6
7
117 Uus
2 Ytterbium
8
18
31
Ts = 824 °C
8
T = 1194 °C
2 k
70 Yb
d = 6,97 g/cm3
2 Nobelium
8
118 Uuo
2 Lutetium
8
18
32
Ts = 1663 °C
8
T = 3393 °C
2 k
71 Lu
d = 9,84 g/cm3
2 Lawrencium
8
100 Fm 18 101 Md 18 102 No 18 103 Lr
32
Ts = 867 °C
30
8
2
32
Ts = 867 °C
31
8
2
32
Ts = 1627 °C
32
8
2
2
8
18
32
32
18
8
2
8
18
32
9
2
2
8
18
32
32
9
2