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Opener
• Look at opener and answer questions as
papers are being passed out.
• Keep these (questions on tests arise from
worksheets/ etc)
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
Opener 1: Please watch the
video clip and answer on regular
paper (keep it for a few)
• 1. Have you ever behaved like this in
public?
• 2. What is your gut reaction to this type of
behavior?
• 3. Sociological hypothesis- why do people
act like this?
• 4. Is “Black Thursday” the new norm for
Social Groups and
Bureaucracies
Video- Soc (Herd mentality)
I. Groups
• Group—at least two
people who have
one or more goals in
common and share
common ways of
thinking and
behaving
*Differs from
“Aggregate”
A Group is a group of people who
share several features including:
• They are in regular contact with each other
• They share some ways of thinking, feeling, and
behaving
• They take one another’s behavior into account
• They have one or more goals in common
Primary Groups
• People who are
emotionally close,
know one another
well and seek one
another’s company
• E.g. Family,
childhood play
groups, close
friends, neighbors
Primary Groups
• Enjoy each other’s company
• Primary Relationships---Personal, caring,
fulfilling relationships
How do Primary Groups Develop?
•
•
•
•
Small size
Face-to-Face Contact
Continuous Contact
Proper Social Environment
Functions of Primary Groups
• Emotional Support
• Socialization
• Encourage Conformity
•
646
Secondary Groups
• Impersonal
• Goal oriented
• Purpose of the group is to accomplish a task, not
to enrich friendships
• E.g. Work groups, sports teams, volunteers
• Secondary relationships—clerk & customer,
employers & workers, dentists & patients
Your Turn
Indicate Primary or Secondary
for each relationship
A. A marine recruit & his drill instructor at
boot camp ___________________________
B. A married couple __________________
C. A coach & his soccer team __________
D. A teacher & his student _____________
E. A car salesperson and her potential
customer _________________________
Group Think
Why does Group Think occur?
• Why would you say you agree with other
people in the group if you really don’t?
Group Think
• Because of the difficulty of going against
decisions made by the group, some sociologists
believe that Groupthink exists
• Happens when group members agree to conform
rather than express their true feelings or beliefs
• Can lead to ineffective or destructive
consequences- examples?
• Soc Vids 1. Zimbardo
Vid 2- Who concert
We & They
• In Groups—require extreme loyalty & its
norms encourage members to exclude
others
• Out Groups—group toward which the in
group feels opposition or competition
• EXAMPLES?
Other Groups
• Reference Groups—group used for selfevaluation and the formation of attitudes,
values, beliefs, and norms
ex- your youth group, “honors students”,
“the gang”
• Social Network—all of a person’s social
relationships make up his or her social
network
Ex- facebook (sorta)
Primary & Secondary Groups
Assignment- DO NOW
• Create a web diagram of the primary &
secondary groups to which you belong on
the BACK of the paper give,
• Include at least
three primary &
three secondary groups
• Then explain the function of each of these
groups in your life
• Flip over and complete the back (role
strain/ conflict)
Example
• http://www.spicynodes.org/a/3fc978a71045
3eba5951dfc65e282083
Social Cohesions and
Society….The bigger groups are
the harder things get?
• GROUP Interaction SIMULATION!
• Arrange group members in a circle,
standing shoulder to shoulder.
• Everyone has to put their right hand up in
the air, and then grab the hand of someone
across the circle from them.
• Everyone then puts their left hand up in the
air and grabs the hand of a different
person.
• Check to make sure that everyone is
holding the hands of two different people
and that they are not holding hands with
someone directly next to them.
• members will untangle themselves to make
a circle without breaking the chain of
hands.
• If group members break the chain they
need to start over.
• How did it feel to be successful/
unsuccessful?
• What strategy did your team end up using
to complete the task?
• Who were the leaders in this activity?
• Did the team reach consensus on a plan of
action? What process did the team go
through to reach consensus?
• How do you feel your team communicated
during this activity?
Explain and Give and Example in
your own life of…(Check packet
• 1. Role Strain if forgot)
•
•
•
•
2. Role Conflict
3. Groupthink
4. learned helplessness
5. reference group
Discussion
• We’ve come a long way since
hunting/gathering…but have we evolved for
the better?
• As you watch this, think of how the main
character’s life is controlled
Growth of Society
From Agricultural to postindustrial
• Modern times?
II. Visions of Society
Four diverse perspectives on what accounts
for social change and societal evolution
• Gerhard Lenski
– Society and technology
• Karl Marx
– Society in conflict
• Max Weber
– The power of SYMBOLS (ideas) shapes
society
• Emile Durkheim
– How traditional and modern societies
hang together
Sociology, 12 Edition by John Macionis
th
Gerhard Lenski
• Sociocultural evolution–The changes that
occur as a society gains new technology
• Societies range from simple to the
technologically complex.
• Societies simple in technology tend to
resemble one another.
Lenski’s Five Types Of Societies
• Hunting and gathering
– The use of simple tools to hunt animals and gather vegetation
• Horticultural and pastoral
– Horticulture–The use of hand tools to raise crops
– Pastoralism–The domestication of animals
• Agriculture
– Large-scale cultivation using plows harnessed to animals or more
powerful energy sources
• Industrialism
– The production of goods using advanced sources of energy to
drive large machinery
• Postindustrialism
– The production of information using computer technology
• 21st Century world can be CONFUSING!!!!!!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBCAlZ
PF0D0
Part 2
• Mcdonaldization of Society- Directions:
Please read and complete the the
handout(s).
Mcdonaldization of society?
• Describe PROS and CONS to this type of
system
Society
• To what extent would you agree with the
author’s analogy of society?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fdy1Ag
O6Fp4&feature=related
• How has 21st century tech (smartphones/
social networking, etc) affected society
further?
Opener2 : A Bureaucracy… is
• a system of administration based upon
organization into bureaus,
division of labour, a hierarchy of authority,
etc…
..designed to
dispose of a large body of work in a routine
manner
Draw a picture of this on your notes
Examples of Bureaucracies I.
MAX Weber’s Rational Social
Organization
Distinctive social institutions that see
to meeting the demands of a growing, complex society
Six Characteristics:
1. Hierarchy
2. Rules
3. Function
4. Focus
5. Impersonality
6. Qualification
Expressed in
bureaucracy!!!!!!
..see MINI 4
A. Max Weber
• Also Claimed that the key to the birth of
industrial capitalism lay in the Protestant
Reformation (“protestant work ethic”).
• Industrial capitalism is the major outcome
of Calvinism.
• The Calvinist idea of predestination
– Worldly prosperity ($$$) is a sign of God's
grace.
– Poverty is a sign of God's rejection (or YOU
did something WRONG).
B. Karl MARX: Alienation
• Alienation–The experience of isolation &
misery resulting from powerlessness.
Capitalism alienates workers in four
specific ways:
– 1. From the act of working
• Workers have no say in production; work is
tedious and repetitive.
– 2. From the products of work
• Workers have no ownership or pride in the
product that is sold for profit
Alienation
• Capitalism alienates workers in four specific
ways:
3. From other workers
• Work is competitive rather than
cooperative.
4. From human potential
• Workers do not “fulfill themselves” in their
work.
• People feel like the job is a waste of time/
life.
Capitalism and Alienation
• Marx: To the capitalists, workers are
nothing more than a source of labor.
Revolution
• MARX:The only way out of capitalism is to
remake society.
• Video
C. Durkheim
• 1. Organic solidarity–Social bonds based
on specialization and interdependence
that are strong within industrial societies
• Key to the change is an expanding division
of labor–Specialization of economic
activity
Mechanical Solidarity
• 2. Mechanical solidarity–Social bonds
based on common sentiment and shared
moral values that are common among
members of preindustrial societies
C. Durkheim
• Warned that modern society creates
anomie- “A”= without, “ nomos”= law
• A condition of instability resulting from a
breakdown of standards and values or
from a lack of purpose or ideals- video
D. The Peter Principal (Dr.
Laurence J. Peter)
• An observation that in an organizational
hierarchy, every employee will rise or get
promoted to his or her level of
incompetence
• Explained
• Video!? Modeling- AND americas broken
dream.
• Video Discussion: How did this video show
Alienated workers and Anomie in society?
(look at your notes for the four concepts of
alienation)

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