Some facts about Roulette Attack Apk

The Condenser
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Let’s Talk Repeaters
Repeater Discussion Begins
Hood To Coast
Hood To Coast, Cont’d
Jim Santee is working on a proposed repeater plan that will be
handed out at our next meeting
for discussion. It will be refined
and presented at our annual meeting in January for member input
and further discussion. The goal is
to make our repeater system easy
to maintain and allow for expansion and upgrades.
Several STARS members assisted
the County with the race. The participation in the 31st annual Hood
To Coast race was the largest ever
this year. It raised more money,
($615,000), for the American Cancer Society than ever before.
There were sixteen ham radio
operators, representing several
different clubs, scattered along
the race route along Highway
202, Lewis & Clark Road, Fort
Clatsop Road, Clark Main Line
(Logging Road) and at several
streets in Seaside and on the
beach at the finish line.
One element is to make Nicolai
and Arch Cape “power friendly”
while still being able to pack a
punch and meet a multi-user role
in case of an emergency. We will
not be starting on an overhaul of
Megler until we get the outlying
sites cleaned up. While doing this,
we also need to re-install the
packet system. We need help with
the packet end. The primary
packet connection point from our
area will be Nicolai with a node in
the Astoria area with a connection
into Arch Cape.
One proposal for Arch Cape is to
allow it to be connected into the
925 link and/or an IRLP link, or
be used as remote base station via
a link into Seaside. The Arch
Cape system could be a area wide
system for South County in case
of an emergency.. A similar idea
goes for Nicolai for central and
eastern Clatsop County. This
would allow endless variations
when the need is urgent. What say
ye? Comments are very welcome.
The race had 17,400 registered
participants, over 3800 volunteers and approximately 2500
support vehicles. Motorists had to
watch out for runners and walkers,
and the huge increase in traffic.
The race began Friday morning at
Timberline Lodge on Mt. Hood
and ended Saturday evening on the
beach in Seaside.
Check out the official race website
via the following link:
http://www.hoodtocoast.com/
The event ran for fifteen and one
half hours, used one hundred
eight six person hours and involved the utilization of three
different repeaters. 200 messages
were handled. The repeaters are
owned and operated by SEARC.
http://sunset-empire-arc.org
An ambulance was dispatched to
two runner emergencies. It was
reported that as many as one
hundred runners were missing.
Fourteen of them became lost on
a logging road after taking a
wrong turn. The rest simply did
not properly cross the finish line
of the race.
The following hams helped out
with Hood To Coast communications. Kudo’s go out to
KD7NNQ,
WA7TEM,
KD7RYY, KB7SI, KE7RBM,
KF7SHI, AE7TW, KE7YCK,
KF7EXS, KE7PPD, WA7SS,
N7ESS, KE7EAY, KE7SKJ and
KF7VXP. Thanks for the great
turnout and the fantastic job handling communications.
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Interpersonal Communications
Tip Of The Month
Every moment counts …
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… are the vast majority of your informal
conversations talking negatively about others?
Patti Lind
Every moment counts, and you want to create as many positive moments as you can so the future you
are building towards can emerge. Inevitably there will be bad moments, and for those times, an important strategy is to not make the bad moments worse.
I love this quote: "Are you having a bad day, or did you just have a bad five minutes and having a hard
time letting it go?"
Right now I see a number of my client groups struggling with this concept. Someone in the club might
speak too brusquely to another tclub member. The whole exchange might last 15 seconds or less, but
the aftermath turns into hours, days and sometimes weeks because of the amount of gossiping, grudge
keeping and coalition reinforcement that occurs afterwards. A brusque exchange might add tension to
an interaction, but the continuous playing out of the story overtime is also adding a great deal of pain to
the team environment.
Here are signs that you are standing in the way of the future you are hoping for.
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Do you become indignant and replay scenarios over and over in your head?
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Do you contaminate future conversations that are totally unrelated to your conflict? For example,
I’m not going to answer your question because you were impatient the other day?
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When you look at your daily interactions at work, (or at your club functions) are the vast majority
of your informal conversations talking negatively about others?
Do you have friends you can’t wait to call and tell your latest story?
Do you withhold your “better self”…. acting more formal, disengaged or critical when in their
presence?
All of these actions expand on conflicts and can significantly contaminate work environments far beyond the incidental conflicts themselves.
If you really want to improve your work environment, consider the following:
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Replace your negative self-talk (indignance) with positive self-talk (forgiveness).
Reduce your negative story-telling.
Commit to looking for positive stories and telling those.
Start all conversations from a fresh perspective — the opportunity for change is always in the very next
step we take.
By Patti Lind
http://pattilind.com/
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Your Area Nets
Sunday - The Coastal "YL"
Net rolls at 8:00 pm weekly.
This net is for young ladies of
all ages. This is a lady's social
net on the W7BU repeater system (145.450). For this net, the
W7BU repeater system will be
linked to the BeachNet System.
Monday
Tuesday - No VHF/UHF nets
Friday - No VHF/UHF nets
Wednesday - STARS ARES
FYI - District One includes Clatsop,
Seaside Tsunami Net 7pm weekly
on repeater - 145.490 with a PL
tone of 118.8.
Clackamas, Columbia, Multnomah,
Tillamook and Washington counties.
Thursday - Oregon ARES Dis-
- The Clatsop
County ARES Net rolls at 7pm
weekly on the W7BU repeater
system (145.450). The W7BU
repeater system is normally
linked to the BeachNet System
for this net.
trict One. This net rolls on the
Timber repeater (in the Forest
Grove area) on 145.270 with a PL
tone of 107.2 at 7:30 PM.
Daily HF Nets The OEN (Oregon Emergency Net)
rolls daily at 6:00 PM and 7:00 PM on
3980 MHz LSB. This is a directed net
where you respond when you city is
called. General or Extra class license
required for the 80 meter band.
Is A Dot Radio Domain Coming?
The International Amateur Radio Union says that it will back the European Broadcasting Union proposal that the
top level Internet domain dot radio be used to help to create a global radio community. IARU President Tim
Ellam, VE6SH, says that his organization believes that the proposal, to be submitted by the European Broadcast
Union, could provide a unique opportunity to standardize radio domain names on the Internet.
In a recently made public letter, VE6SH said that he recommends that the dot radio domain proposal be approved
by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers. European Broadcast Union Director General,
Ingrid Deltenre said the International Amateur Radio Union comments are an expression of confidence in the
proposal.
Churches and Chapels On The Air
The Churches and Chapels on the Air (CHOTA) on September 8 is a good opportunity to
introduce amateur radio and also the World Association of Christian Radio Amateurs and Listeners (WACRAL).
CHOTA is organized by WACRAL member John, G3XYF.
A list of stations can be found at: http://www.wacral.org/CHOTA.htm
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Early “Rigs”
The first object we could call a “radio” would have been Heinrich Hertz’s lecture hall apparatus.
The transmitter consisted of a simple dipole. At the center were two metal balls, separated by an
air gap. At the far ends of the dipole were small metal plates. Attached to the dipole was an induction coil, not unlike the one in your car that creates high voltage pulses for the spark plugs.
Closing a switch, operated a “buzzer” that interrupted a DC current causing the induction coil to
energize the dipole, and a spark jumped across the gap in the middle.
His receiver was even more simple. It consisted of a loop of wire with another pair of metal balls
attached to the ends of the wire. This formed another spark gap, at very small spacing. Today we
might describe this as a “quad”-loop.
When Hertz energized his induction coil, creating a spark across the transmitting dipole, a very
faint, but detectable spark jumped across the spark gap in the receiving loop. Hertz correctly interpreted this as the transmitter generating electromagnetic waves that traveled to the loop and
induced an electric current.
Hertz experimented with his apparatus, refining it until he was able to coax a range of several
meters out of it. That was enough to demonstrate that the “wave” effect was real. That is, caused
by electromagnetic waves and not merely capacitive or inductive coupling.
Tesla duplicated these experiments, but may not have entirely understood the theory. He also
worked to extend the range, but seemed more interested in the phenomenon as a means to wirelessly transmit power, rather than a communications signal.
Marconi also started with Hertz’s apparatus, but had also studied other early inventors. He used
the “coherer”, invented by a fellow Italian in 1884. This device, consisting of a glass tube partly
filled with iron filings, with an electrode exiting each end. In the presence of radio waves, the
filings clumped together, allowing an electric current to flow between the electrodes. The glass
tube would then have to be tapped lightly to break the circuit and make the coherer ready for
another detection. This was used with a sort of buzzer, energized by the electrode current, and
arranged to vibrate the glass tube. This would buzz along with the pulses of incoming radio, and
was much more sensitive than Hertz’s loop detector.
While Hertz’s apparatus fit on a table top, Marconi thought larger. He laid one metal plate on the
ground (or buried it) and the other plate was hoisted into the air. He experimented with ever
higher antennas, without realizing that also meant longer connecting wires that were in fact, part
of the antenna. This lengthening of the wave (lowering of the frequency) caused him to use parts
of the radio spectrum that were more and more favorable to his aim of long distance transmission.
It is truly marvelous that Marconi was able to provide commercial wireless service to ships, and
span the Atlantic, using crude detectors and spark transmitters, before any form of amplification
was available. That came along in 1906, with the De Forest “Audion”, the first amplifying vacuum tube.
Continued on Page 7
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DIY Neurophone
Patrick Flanagan invented the “Neurophone” over 40 years ago. His original patent (US3393279) was
basically a radio transmitter that could be picked up by the human nervous system. By mixing an audio signal with ultrasound, you can hear the audio as if it’s inside your head… even if the
‘headphones’ are nowhere near your ears. It modulated a one-watt 40kHz transmitter with the audio
signal, and used very near-field antennas to couple it to the body. It also used extremely high voltages. The Andreas Hahn version is more modern for today’s hobbyist.
Do be careful about putting them on and taking them off, though. They’re putting out a fairly highpower ultrasound signal, so if they sit too loosely on the skin they could irritate it. Check out the links
above for a schematic and more detailed information.
Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System
If you would like to put that HF station to good use assisting others that are in terrible need consider
joining this system. The Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System (GDACS) aims to provide
up-to-date media coverage, latest maps and ReliefWeb content related to disasters
Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System (GDACS)
http://www.gdacs.org/
You can Register for Alerts at:
http://www.gdacs.org/alerts/
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NASA Releases Curiosity
Morse Code Picture
NASA have released a picture showing the Morse Code tracks made on Mars by the Curiosity rover
NASA's Curiosity rover took its first test stroll Wednesday Aug. 22, 2012, and beamed back pictures of its accomplishment in the form of track marks in the Martian soil. Careful inspection of the tracks reveals a unique,
repeating pattern, which the rover can use as a visual reference to drive more accurately in barren terrain. The
pattern is Morse code for J P L, the abbreviation for NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif.,
where the rover was designed and built, and the mission is managed.
The Morse code, imprinted on all six wheels, is: .--- (J), .--. (P), and .-.. (L).
Photo by NASA/JPL-Caltech
See the pictures and read the full story at :
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/news/msl20120829f.html
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Early Rigs, cont’d
The vacuum tube quickly revolutionized radio, in exactly the way the LASER has revolutionized how we use
light for communications. Before the LASER, the limit of light-wave communications was the flashing spotlights
use aboard ships at sea, good for maybe 20-miles and 10 words-per-minute. With the LASER, we now have fiberoptic lines that can carry billions of times as much information, around the world.
Spark transmissions are broad-band noise, the radio equivalent to white light. The vacuum tube, used as an oscillator, allowed the use of a Continuous Wave (CW) signal, which just like LASER light, is coherent. The tube also
made a superior detector, and as an amplifier, multiplied the sensitivity of the system. The difference was just as
dramatic. Radio became a practical medium capable of routine long distance communication on separate discrete
channels.
By the time World War One came upon the scene, in 1914, radio was well on its way to something we would
recognize today. All civilian use of radio was ordered off the air, and the Navy was put in charge of all American
use of the technology. When the Armistice came in 1918, the Navy wasn’t sure it wanted to release the use of
radio.
de NM7R
Repeater Directory Android
App Is Now Available
RepeaterBook - The Free Repeater App for the USA and Canada has just been released in Google Play for Android. Powered by the popular community database of RepeaterBook.com and software of ZBM2.com RepeaterBook, enables you to easily find repeaters across the USA and Canada, for free and without a network connection.
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.zbm2.
repeaterbook&feature=search_result#?t=W10.
• No network connection required.
• Use network, GPS or a grid square to find repeaters.
• Displays your grid and selection distance.
• Comprehensive selection, sorting and display options.
• Displays distance, heading and full repeater details.
• Fast and flexible, designed to help you use the repeater network.
• Easily submit updates and additions from within the app.
• Supports BlueCAT - FT-857 / FT-857
Bluetooth CAT interface
Touch a repeater to instantly set your radio, no more fiddling with CTCSS, frequency and offsets.
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Working Satellite Repeaters With
Our VHF/UHF Hand Held’s
Tim Crawford, KE7TAC
The May (2012) issue of CQ, page 56, had an article describing how to work FM Satellites with our hand held’s,
by Clint Bradford, K6LCS. After reading the article and noting a short blurb on working satellites for extra points
on Field Day in QST I felt motivated to give it a try.
To work the FM satellite’s you need to have a hand held that can work split 2m and 70 cm frequencies (although
you can use two hand held’s if need be). With the existing two FM satellites (AO-27 & SO-50) the uplink frequency is on 2m and the downlink frequency is on 70cm. My existing Yaesu FT-60 worked out great for this purpose. In addition to the hand held with the above capabilities you will need a hand held directional antenna (read
Yagi) that can work both 2m and 70cm; then, unless you have two handhelds, you will also need what is called a
Duplexer so you have only one cable to connect to your handheld. After some internet research I discovered Arrow Antenna and their Satellite hand held Antenna Arrow II, Model 146/437-10w, which seemed like the ideal
choice to me. http://www.arrowantennas.com
Programming the radio is not trivial either because the downlink frequency will change due to the Doppler effect
of the moving satellite. In the case of the AO-27 satellite while the uplink frequency remains at 148.85 (no pl tone
on this one) it takes ~ 5 downlink frequencies to follow the motion. Keep in mind that most satellite transits occur
within 15 minutes or less. Therefore my downlink frequency inputs, per the CQ article, covered 436.805, 436.800
(both of these are for when the satellite is approaching), 436.795 when at the midpoint in the transit, then 436.790
& 436.850 as the satellite is moving away. The satellites are also tumbling, so in addition to following their arc
across the sky, you also have to twist the antenna around to match the polarization of the satellites antenna.
My first time out, I had the wrong time of the pass for AO-27 (more on times later). My second time out on the
23rd of May I did work two stations. Wish I could tell you who they were but with one hand holding the radio and
the other the antenna along with trying to remember my grid square (a lot of the exchanges include both call sign
and grid square) there was no opportunity to write call signs down or much chance of remembering them.
On the 25th of May I caught one of the passes of the SO-50 satellite and made one contact. Same problem, no idea
who it was at this point. I decided then to purchase a small recorder that I could use to record the transmissions. I
found a nice small digital one at Radio Shack and purchased it on the 25th. I tried AO-27 on the 26th but it was
the Saturday of Memorial Day weekend and to many folks trying to talk; but at least I was able to record the session with my small digital recorder which I had attached to a lanyard and put around my neck.
I did not try AO-27 again until ~1:50pm on Tuesday the 29th. Made two contacts. When I could no longer hear
anyone I looked down at the face of the recorder and it was on stop. Apparently it was turned off, by my movements touching the stop button, just before my first contact. Again, I have no idea who the two hams were.
I then decided that I had to keep a better eye on the recorder and as SO-50 was going to be making a pass that I
could follow at ~5:25pm, the same day, I would give it try. YEAH, I was able to record my working of W0DHB
out of Longmont, CO. Pretty nifty for a 5 watt HH. Also heard, but did not work, a station in Eugene, OR. and
one in Hot Springs, CA.
Continued on the next page.
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The SO-50 satellite is a bit more complex with PL tones and the need to start a 10 minute timer by sending a wakeup transmission that uses a different PL tone than the main repeater. You can download a pdf of pretty much the same information within
the CQ article on working satellites and it will cover the SO-50 Frequencies that you need to program:
http://www.k6lcs.com/k6lcs/Docs_files/satbr21.pdf
He also has a one page document on hand programming the FT-60, however, I used the computer program that I have for that
purpose. Lots of other useful information on his main web page: http://www.k6lcs.com/k6lcs/Home.html.
Probably the most important web site is for AMSAT, The Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation:
http://www.amsat.org/amsat-new/index.php
This website not only provides you with the status of all the satellites of amateur interest it more importantly will provide you
with a list of satellite pass predictions. Depending upon the maximum elevation of a pass the maximum period that any are
workable is between 10 – 15 minutes. More practically the window of opportunity is typically closer to about 5 minutes. You
have to have an accurate watch and a way to secure the times that the satellites are workable from your individual location.
I know of three programs that will provide this data; two are on-line and one is to be downloaded. They seldom agree completely on the times. What they all have in common is that they will tell you when the satellite is starting its overhead circuit
and the direction it is coming from; the midpoint time and highest elevation achieved and direction; then the setting time and
direction. Two of them give direction in compass azimuth while one provides the more familiar compass names (S, W, WNW,
etc). All of them have to be provided with your own location information to be accurate.
They each have their own unique way of also providing the times. All do use a 24 hour system however. AMSAT times are
Universal Time Coordinated (UTC). Such that a pass at 00:00 UTC would be 4pm PST, in our case. (UTC minus 8 hours.)
The other on line program is at Heavens Above:
http://www.heavens-above.com
Their time is expressed in local Day Light Savings Time; such that 4pm PST would be 5:00 PDT & therefore 17:00 in local 24
hour time. The downloadable java program is called Satscape and is available here: http://satscape.info/satscape
I like this one a lot and it will provide you with the standard time of your location; Pacific Standard Time in our case. Such that
using the examples above then the 4pm PST pass prediction would list as 16:00. I really like using this program.
The first time you stand outside holding everything and you do not hear anything you will quickly grasp how to use the time
predictions correctly for whatever source you are using. An excellent video that will demonstrate the process is at:
http://vimeo.com/6868846
Be patient and enjoy the experience
73, Tim
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Are You Set for a S.E.T. On Oct. 6?
The ARRL Simulated Emergency Test is a nationwide exercise in emergency communications, administered by ARRL
Field Organization Leaders including Emergency Coordinators, District Emergency Coordinators, Section Emergency Coordinators and Net Managers. Many other Section Leaders like the Section Manager and the Section Traffic Manager may
have a hand in planning the exercises and/or reviewing the results. Amateur Radio Emergency Service ® (ARES®), National Traffic System (NTS), Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES) and other public-service oriented groups
can be involved. The SET weekend gives communicators the opportunity to focus on the emergency-communications
capability within your community while interacting with NTS nets. Although the main SET weekend this year is October 6
-7, local and section-wide exercises may be held throughout the fall season.
During September, the ARRL will be among dozens of organizations and agencies taking part in National Preparedness
Month. "The Ready Campaign," produced by the Ad Council in partnership with the US Department of Homeland Security
(DHS), is aimed at making citizen preparedness "a priority for every city, every neighborhood and every home" in the US.
The ARRL encourages you to consider this year's Simulated Emergency Test and preparations for it as a demonstration of
Amateur Radio's readiness and as an active participant in National Preparedness Month.
http://www.ready. gov/america/ npm10/index. html
APRS: Electric Vehicles
and Water Buoys
The amateur radio Automatic Position Reporting System (APRS) is used to track things as diverse as an Electric Vehicle
KT5TK-9 and a water buoy near Seattle KT5TK-8.
APRS typically uses 1200 bps AX.25 FM packet radio in the 144 MHz band but it's also used on HF. You can see the track
of KT5TK-9 or any other APRS station by following these steps:
- Go to http://aprs.fi/
- Enter the callsign e.g. KT5TK-9 in the 'Track callsign' field
- Click the 'Search' button
- To show the previous track select '3 days' in the 'Show last' field
APRS website
http://www.aprs.org/
HF APRS tutorial AGWTracker UZ7HO Soundmodem
http://www.southgatearc.org/news/may2012/
hf_aprs_tutorial_agwtracker_uz7ho_soundmodem.htm
Tax Time $$ Approacheth
None of us like to think too much about tax time; however some advanced tax planning could save you some money. Consider a tax deductible donation of cash or equipment to your club.
Has 2O12L Broken The
World Record?
The RSGB reports that the team at 2O12L, the amateur radio special event station for the London Olympic and Paralympic Games, believe that they have now broken the world record for the number of contacts by a Special Event
Station.
It is believed the record was made by DQ2006X during the 2006 World Cup, their total made between 13 May and
16 July 2006 was 47,790 contacts. At 2142UTC on 21 August, 2O12L made contact number 47,791.
The team would like to thank the thousands who have joined the pile-ups to contact 2O12L and now they look forward to hitting their overall target of 60,000 QSOs. 2O12L goes QRT on 9 September after the Paralympic Games'
closing ceremony so there is plenty of time to work the station or get more band-slots.
http://www.2o12l.com/
www.rsgb.org/olympics
Solar CME Hits Earth On Sept 3rd
If you were wondering about the strange band conditions this past week you can blame it on old Sol. This after a
Coronal Mass Ejection or C-M-E hit Earth's magnetic field on at approximately 1200 UTC on Monday, September
3rd. According to Spaceweather.com the impact induced measurable ground currents in the soil of northern
Scandinavia and sparked bright auroras around the Arctic Circle. In fact, at the time the alert was issued, a moderately strong geomagnetic storm that lasted several days was underway.
For current and future information on what the Sun is up to and how it might affect radio propagation here on Earth,
simply take your web browser to http://www.spaceweather.com for the very latest updates.
Extra Class License Study Q’s
Peak-to-peak voltage is the easiest voltage amplitude parameters to measure when viewing a pure sine wave signal
on an analog oscilloscope. (E8D01) The relationship between the peak-to-peak voltage and the peak voltage amplitude of a symmetrical waveform is 2:1. (E8D02) Peak voltage is a valuable input-amplitude parameter for evaluating
the signal-handling capability of a Class A amplifier.(E8D03)
For sinusoidal voltages, the peak voltage is 1.414 times the RMS voltage, and the peak-to-peak voltage is 2.828 times
the RMS voltage. The peak voltage of a sinusoidal waveform would be 48 volts if an RMS-reading voltmeter reads
34 volts. (E8D12) If an RMS-reading AC voltmeter reads 65 volts on a sinusoidal waveform, the peak-to-peak voltage is 184 volts. (E8D05)
120V AC is a typical value for the RMS voltage at a standard U.S. household electrical power outlet. (E8D15) 170
volts is a typical value for the peak voltage at a standard U.S. household electrical outlet. (E8D13) 340 volts is a typical value for the peak-to-peak voltage at a standard U.S. household electrical outlet. (E8D14) 120V AC is the RMS
value of a 340-volt peak-to-peak pure sine wave. (E8D16)
Whose Bed Has Your Smartphones’
Boots Been Under?
Your fancy new smartphone may have Near Field Communications (NFC) capability. If so, you better read this eye
opening article.
NFC is a set of short-range wireless technologies, typically requiring a distance of 4 cm or less. NFC operates at
13.56 MHz on ISO/IEC 18000-3 air interface and at rates ranging from 106 kbit/s to 424 kbit/s. NFC always involves
an initiator and a target; the initiator actively generates an RF field that can power a passive target. This enables NFC
targets to take very simple form factors such as tags, stickers, key fobs, or cards that do not require batteries. NFC peer
-to-peer communication is possible, provided both devices are powered.[6] A patent licensing program for NFC is
currently under development by Via Licensing Corporation, an independent subsidiary of Dolby Laboratories. A public, platform-independent NFC library is released under the free GNU Lesser General Public License by the name
libnfc.
NFC tags contain data and are typically read-only, but may be rewriteable. They can be custom-encoded by their manufacturers or use the specifications provided by the NFC Forum, an industry association charged with promoting the
technology and setting key standards. The tags can securely store personal data such as debit and credit card information, loyalty program data, PINs and networking contacts, among other information. The NFC Forum defines four types
of tags that provide different communication speeds and capabilities in terms of configurability, memory, security, data
retention and write endurance. Tags currently offer between 96 and 4,096 bytes of memory.
As with proximity card technology, near-field communication uses magnetic induction between two loop antennas located within each other's near field, effectively forming an air-core transformer. It operates within the globally available
and unlicensed radio frequency ISM band of 13.56 MHz. Most of the RF energy is concentrated in the allowed ±7 kHz
bandwidth range, but the full spectral envelope may be as wide as 1.8 MHz when using ASK modulation.
The theoretical working distance with compact standard antennas: up to 20 cm (practical working distance of
about 4 centimetres). That is ~1.5 to 8 inches. What about non-standard antennas???
Supported data rates: 106, 212 or 424 kbit/s (the bit rate 848 kbit/s is not compliant with the standard ISO/IEC 18092)
There are two modes:
* Passive communication mode: The initiator device provides a carrier field and the target device answers by modulating the existing field. In this mode, the target device may draw its operating power from the initiator-provided electromagnetic field, thus making the target device a transponder.
* Active communication mode: Both initiator and target device communicate by alternately generating their own fields.
A device deactivates its RF field while it is waiting for data. In this mode, both devices typically have power supplies.
NFC devices are able to receive and transmit data at the same time. Thus, they can check for potential collisions, if the
received signal frequency does not match with the transmitted signal's frequency.
NFC and Bluetooth are both short-range communication technologies that are integrated into mobile phones. As described in technical detail below, NFC operates at slower speeds than Bluetooth, but consumes far less power and does
not require pairing. That means it is a promiscuous communications method and will “talk” or transfer data to and
from anyone or anything!! Can you say Security Breach?
Continued on the next page.
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Smartphones & NFC, Cont’d
NFC sets up faster than standard Bluetooth, but is not faster than Bluetooth low energy. With NFC, instead of performing manual configurations to identify devices, the connection between two NFC devices is automatically established quickly: in less than a tenth of a second. The maximum data transfer rate of NFC (424 kbit/s) is slower
than that of Bluetooth V2.1 (2.1 Mbit/s). With a maximum working distance of less than 20 cm, NFC has a shorter
range, which reduces the likelihood of unwanted interception. That makes NFC particularly suitable for crowded
areas where correlating a signal with its transmitting physical device (and by extension, its user) becomes difficult.
In contrast to Bluetooth, NFC is compatible with existing passive RFID (13.56 MHz ISO/IEC 18000-3) infrastructures. NFC requires comparatively low power, similar to the Bluetooth V4.0 low energy protocol. When NFC
works with an unpowered device (e.g., on a phone that may be turned off, a contactless smart credit card, a smart
poster), however, the NFC power consumption is greater than that of Bluetooth V4.0 Low Energy, since illuminating the passive tag needs extra power.
Dateline - Vegas: Don't let Charlie Miller stand too close to you. The former NSA analyst turned freelance hacker
could be trying to seize control of your phone. Miller set the Black Hat cybersecurity conference buzzing on
Wednesday with a presentation showing off newly discovered vulnerabilities in "near field communications" features on Samsung and Nokia devices. NFC is a short-range wireless technology that's coming soon to all major
smartphones. It's intended to let you beam content to nearby devices and use your phone as a mobile wallet, but it
could also be a flashing neon target for hackers.
Android Phone Propagation Forecast App
DroidProp is a propagation forecast app for the HF bands, based on VOCAP (Voice of America Coverage Analysis Program). It calculates the current and future HF propagation conditions on the device, an internet connection
is only needed for updating the solar data. It's currently still in beta state but fully functional.
Download (free) and information:
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=info.schaeuble.droidprop
Ask an Elmer…………………
My neighbor recently told me he can hear me on the radio through his PC external speakers. I have only a 100
watt Kenwood 590 without an amp, transmitting through my dipole. Is there anything I can do to prevent this
situation other than reduce power?
Name and call sign removed to protect the innocent.
To eliminate this RFI it is important to buy the right kind of ferrite core to use, too. The ones they sell at Radio
Shack P/N 273-104 will often work. They let you make a pretty big coil with the wire. http://
www.radioshack.com/product/index.jsp?productId=2103979 Unfortunately, Radio Shack doesn't specify the ferrite
compound used, so it's hard to tell if it's the best for the frequency range involved. Amidon sells ferrite cores for a
variety of uses, and their website has details on the frequency ranges of their products. Check them out at:
https://www.amidoncorp.com/
Don't Let Charlie Miller Stand Close To You.
No, he does not smell bad. The former NSA analyst turned freelance hacker could be trying to seize control of your phone.
Miller set the Black Hat cybersecurity conference buzzing on Wednesday with a presentation showing off newly discovered
vulnerabilities in "near field communications" features on Samsung and Nokia devices. NFC is a short-range wireless technology that's coming soon to all major smartphones. It's intended to let you beam content to nearby devices and use your
phone as a mobile wallet, but it could also be a flashing neon target for hackers.
Miller's most startling demo involved completely taking over an Android phone by merely brushing a tag with an embedded
NFC chip against it.
A built-in content sharing feature called Android Beam allowed the tag to push a webpage to the Samsung Galaxy Nexus. A
browser bug then opened the gate for unlimited access to everything on the phone.
Miller found similar vulnerabilities in the second phone he tested, a Nokia N9 running MeeGo. If the default "content sharing" setting is enabled, an attacker can work a loophole to pair the phone with a second device and go nuts.
The scenarios Miller showed off are spooky, but they're also far-fetched -- something even he admits. The Android attack
exploited a bug that Google has already patched. Nokia's N9 sold poorly and runs an operating system that is being phased
out.
"There's like three people in the world I could totally own with this," Miller quipped while showing off his N9 hack.
But Miller's stunt is an early alarm about a technology that will soon be ubiquitous. Google, Apple, Visa, MasterCard and
other power players are eying NFC as the key to mobile wallet technology -- the "pay with your smartphone" option that's
now trickling out to early adopters.
Miller picked the N9 and Nexus for his experiments, which began nine months ago, because they were the only major
phones available with built-in NFC technology at the time. The real explosion will come in the next year. Apple is rumored
to be including NFC in its next iPhone, and Google, which made NFC the basis of its Google Wallet technology, is pushing
it hard on Android devices.
The big challenge for would-be NFC hackers is proximity. NFC signals have a tiny range that typically covers just a few
centimeters. An attacker has to get very, very cozy with you and your devices to successfully transmit anything malicious.
On Android phones, the content beam only works when the device is turned on and unlocked.
That's one reason the vendors aren't yet especially worried about NFC-based attacks.
"Nokia is not aware of any malicious incidents on the Nokia N9 due to the alleged vulnerabilities," Nokia said in a written
statement responding to Miller's presentation.
The company added that it's "unlikely that such attacks would occur on a broad scale," but said it is investigating the vulnerabilities that Miller publicized. Google declined to comment on the issue.
Article continues on the next page.
.
NFC Hack Exposed, Cont’d
Miller can envision a few lines of attack. In Europe, for example, some movie posters include NFC chips that
launch video trailers. Slip a malicious tag behind one of those posters and you can mess with fans' phones, sending
them ads and other unwanted spam. Or stick an NFC tag on a checkout terminal and start transmitting data to the
devices customers willingly swipe past.
Those 3-D "QR" barcodes have long had similar vulnerabilities.
Miller's tag exploit was actually an almost accidental discovery. He spent months building and refining a juryrigged system for "fuzzing" NFC systems, a hacker technique that involves throwing vast amounts of random data
at a piece of software in the hopes of crashing it.
Several months of almost round-the-clock fuzzing yielded a pretty minor bug collection. That's an indication that
NFC implementation code is actually pretty good so far -- Miller said he was surprised he didn't find more flaws.
The tag loophole, though, allowed much more manipulation than he expected. Miller would like to see phone makers rethink their frictionless-sharing approach. Devices should at least ask permission before accepting data from
unfamiliar devices or NFC tags that just happen to be nearby, he thinks.
NFC is still essentially experimental, and like any cutting-edge technology, it has some unanticipated consequences.
"Hopefully my talk was more of a sort of warning of what could happen, rather than 'Android bad,'" Miller said.
Story by Stacey Cowley of Scripps Media, Inc.
Read more: http://www.abcactionnews.com/dpp/news/science_tech/nfc-near-field-communications-exploit-be-veryvery-careful-what-your-smartphone-gets-near#ixzz24fYhLAQz
MARS Rover Curiosity Receives
Software Update
NASA's Mars Science Laboratory at JPL team has sent a software update to the Curiosity Rover on Mars, more than
160 million miles away. According to Venturebeat dot com, the software had to be updated because Curiosity
needed different directions to drive around on Mars than it did to land on the planet's surface.
The computer hardware in the Curiosity Rover is powered by a pair of computers built by BAE Systems. These
RAD750 computers use a 10-year-old IBM PowerPC microprocessor running at a relatively slow 132 megahertz.
These machines also have only 120 megabytes of random access memory, but are built to withstand wild temperature swings, radiation, and physical shaking.
The drawback is that the computers on the robot vehicle did not have enough memory for both the landing and its
surface missions. So NASA had to swap out the software over four days of communication through the void of
space. It took so long because it takes about 14 minutes to send the signal to the rover and another 14 minutes to
get a response back. Now THAT is DX!
A Dual Band Mobile for $225! Get Real!
Get ready for the first 2 meter and 70 centimeter dual band mobile selling for under $225 including shipping. At least
that's the price being quoted in an on-line advertisement from the Hong Kong-based 409 Shop for the new Baojie model
BJ-UV55 dual band mobile radio.
Like its Japan built counterparts, the BJ-UV55 has most of the features one expects from a basic dual band mobile. The
radio features a large blue back lit LCD display that shows both frequencies programmed in at the same time. The
transmitter runs 35 watts out on 70 centimeters and 45 watts on 2 meters. The manufacturer claims a receiver sensitivity
of between .18 to .22 microvolts depending on selected bandwidth, 128 memory channels, both CTCSS and Digital
CTCSS tone encoding, a DTMF microphone and even a built-in FM broadcast band receiver.
The negative on this radio is that nowhere in the advertisement is there any mention of the Baojie BJ-UV55 being FCC
certified either under Part 15 or Part 90 making it illegal to import to the United States. Nor is there any service or repair
station in the United States. That means returning a radio to the China-based manufacturer should it require maintenance.
And as with any product purchased from a non-United States dealer, this can be more expensive than the price of the radio itself.
You can see this new dual bander on-line at http://tinyurl.com/Baojie-dual-band-mobile. And as we say with anything
purchased from an overseas dealer, be certain that its legal to import and use here in the United States. Even more important are two words Caveat Emptor, which mean Buyer Beware.
More Solar Flares??
Solar flares like the huge one that erupted on the sun early today (Aug. 9) will only become more common as our sun
nears its maximum level of activity in 2013, scientists say. Tuesday's flare was the most powerful sun storm since 2006,
and was rated an X6.9 on the three-class scale for solar storms (X-Class is strongest, with M-Class in the middle and CClass being the weakest).
Flares such as this one could become the norm soon, though, as our sun's 11-year cycle of magnetic activity ramps up,
scientists explained. The sun is just coming out of a lull, and scientists expect the next peak of activity in 2013. The current cycle, called Solar Cycle 24, began in 2008.
"We still are on the upswing with this recent burst of activity," said Phil Chamberlin, a solar scientist at NASA's Goddard
Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., who is a deputy project scientist for the agency's Solar Dynamics Observatory, a
sun-studying satellite that launched in February 2010. "We could definitely in the next year or two see more events like
this; there's a potential to see larger events as well." [Sun's Wrath: Worst Solar Storms in History]
Continued on the next page.
Solar Flares, Cont’d
A more active sun
Earth got lucky with the most recent flare, which wasn't pointed directly at Earth; therefore, it
didn't send the brunt of its charged particles toward us, but out into space. However, we may not
be so fortunate in the future, experts warned.
"We're in the new cycle, it is building and we'll see events like this one," said Joe Kunches, a
space scientist with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Space
Weather Prediction Center. "They'll be much more commonplace and we'll get more used to
them." [Stunning Photos of Solar Flares & Sun Storms]
Spacecraft such as the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which recorded amazing videos of
the Aug. 9 solar flare, and other observatories will be vital in monitoring the sun during its active
phase, researchers said.
How sun storms form
Storms brew on the sun when pent-up energy from tangled magnetic field lines is released in the
form of light, heat and charged particles. This can create a brightening on the sun called a flare,
and is also often accompanied by the release of a cloud of plasma called a coronal mass ejection
(CME).
These ejections are the part we Earthlings have to worry about.
As the CME careens through space, it can send a horde of charged particles toward our planet
that can damage satellites, endanger astronauts in orbit, and interfere with power systems, communications and other infrastructure on the ground. "We're well aware of the difficulties and
challenges," Kunches told SPACE.com. "We know more about the sun than we ever have."
Can we predict solar storms?
When a big storm occurs, the Space Weather Prediction Center releases a warning to the U.S.
Department of Homeland Security, emergency managers and agencies responsible for protecting
power grids. Then power grids can distribute power and reduce their loads to protect themselves.
Satellite and power companies are also trying to design technology that can better withstand the
higher radiation loads unleashed by solar storms.
Still, scientists would like to offer more advanced warnings when big storms are headed our
way. "We're being reactive, we're not being proactive," Chamberlin said. "We don't know how to
predict these things, which would be nice." Chamberlin said solar science has come a long way
in recent years, though, and the goal of SDO and other NASA projects is to improve our understanding of the sun and our ability to forecast space weather.
Story by SPACE.com senior writer Clara Moskowitz on Twitter @ClaraMoskowitz. Follow
SPACE.com for the latest in space science and exploration news on Twitter @Spacedotcom and
on Facebook.
Ham Operator Receives Mars Photo
In this fantastic, informative video Randy Hall K7AGE describes how he received a strange signal and picture on 20m.
The other night after checking into the Ham Nation 20 meter 14.268 MHz net, I tuned up the band to the 14.230 SSTV
(slow scan TV) frequency and heard a strange signal followed by a picture.
Watch Ham Radio Operator Receives Mars Photo
http://youtu.be/MeG1d1cORpE
Mars Reconnaissance Ham Band
Orbiter Frequencies
The Mar Rover Curiosity transmits around 401 MHz but the transponder on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) has a
CCSDS Forward Frequency in the 437 MHz Amateur-Satellite Service band. 435-438 MHz is shared with the Military and
432-438 MHz is also a Space SAR Band. General Space usage extends beyond that.
This paper describes the operation of the MRO (see page 34 onwards)
http://descanso.jpl.nasa.gov/DPSummary/MRO_092106.pdf
The MRO has a UHF transponder “MELACOM” (401 to 437 MHz) and 2 patch antennas to communicate with any landed
asset on Mars surface supporting the CCSDS Proximity-1 protocol. Read the paper Mars Express and the NASA landers
and rovers on Mars - Sustaining a backup relay in an interplanetary network
http://www.spaceops2012.org/proceedings/documents/id1295328-Paper-003.pdf
APRS buoy KT5TK-8 released
Andy HP/W5ACM/MM has posted a report on the amateur radio APRS buoy KT5TK-8 released off the West coast just
south of Canadian waters. He posted the following message. The buoy (KT5TK-8) was launched at 2155Z Wednesday
evening. We could get it out to about 11 miles. It was only doing about 1 MPH. Hopefully it will show up via aprs.fi sometime. There is lots of APRS activity off Canada, but the beacon is only 0.2W and is floating at 0' elevation. It survived deployment very well. It went into US waters just south of Canadian waters. We are now approaching the inside passage just
off Canada. Internet access is expensive out here, so my comments will be brief! Just now trying to get my act together for
some satellite comms. My Hamsat Droid app and I are trying to get on the same page for time zones and such.
North to Alaska!
Andy HP/W5ACM/MM
You can following the track of the KT5TK-8 buoy by following these steps:
- Go to http://aprs.fi/
- Enter the call sign e.g. KT5TK-8 in the 'Track call sign' field
- Click the 'Search' button
- To show the previous track select '3 days' in the 'Show last' field
APRS website
http://www.aprs.org/
W7BU
Sunset Empire Amateur Radio Club, Inc.
P.O. Box 264
Astoria, OR. 97103-0264
503-895-3207
Email us at: w7bu@www.sunset-empire-arc.org
http://www.sunset-empire-arc.org
President - Jim Santee (KF7NE)
Vice President - Greg Filliger (N7RIA)
Secretary - Don Webb (WB7SKX)
Treasurer - Pat Haggard (AE7QU)
Trustee - Terry Wilson
KB7SI)
kf7ne@arrl.net
gands@charter.net
wb7skx@arrl.net
williamphaggard@yahoo.com
barterwil@msn.com
September Board & Member Meeting Sked
The membership meeting will be held on September 22nd at 10:00 A.M. at Clatsop Community College in Towler Hall—
Room T310. Board meeting begins at 0930. All are welcome. To see a map, click on the link below:
http://mapq.st/StI6Vn
Ham Radio License Class Sked
Technician Class Nov 2012
Brought to you by the folks at www.clatsophamclass.com.
Please register at their web site listed above.
Friday (Day 1 of 2) November 16, 2012 at 5:30 p.m.
Saturday (Day 2 of 2) November 17, 2012 at 9:00 a.m.
Clatsop Community College located at 1455 N Roosevelt,
Seaside, OR. Click the link below for a map.
http://mapq.st/P9B7xA
Questions? Give your club a call at 503-739-5465 between the hours of 8:00 a.m. and 8:00
p.m. Pacific time.