Class Training Section

Ten Common Poisonous
Mushrooms of Missouri
The “KILLER”
Missouri Mycological Society
Brad Bomanz
Class Training
Section
Will ALL Poisonous
Mushrooms KILL You?
In general, poisonous mushrooms are ones that
could cause illness, vomiting or death.
There are only a few mushrooms that are so
poisonous that if ingested could cause death.
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What is a Mushroom?
A Mushroom is only the Fruiting
Body & is like the Apple on a Tree
Mycelium
2
Parts of a Mushroom
Some have Gills
The Seeds of the
Mushroom are called
Spores
3
Some have Teeth
Some have Spines
Identifying & Classifying Mushrooms
1.
Destroying Angel
Amanita bisporigera
2.
Deadly Galerina
Galerina marginata
3.
Citron Amanita
Amanita citrina
4.
Green-spored Lepiota
Chlorophyllum molybdites
5.
Alcohol Inky
Coprinopsis atramentaria
6.
Big Laughing Gym
Gymnopilus spectabalis
7.
False Morel
Gyromitra caroliniana
8.
False Morel
Gyromitra brunnea
9.
Jack O’Lantern
Omphalotus illudens
10.
Pigskin Puffball
Scleroderma citrinum
4
Ten Poisonous
Missouri Mushrooms
Amanita
bisporigera
Amanita bisporigera
The Destroying Angel
ragged ring
sac-like cup
around the base
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Amanita bisporigera
ALL WHITE Cap, Gills, Vail, Stem & Cup
Amanita bisporigera
WHITE Spore Print
Amanita bisporigera
The Destroying Angel
• Cap: white, wide, convex to flat
• Gills: white
• Stalk: thick, shaggy, has ring, white
• Habitat: mixed woods, in grass, June – November
• Poisonous: DEADLY
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Galerina
marginata
Galerina marginata
The Deadly Galerina
Galerina marginata
It Has a RING
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Galerina marginata
RUSTY Spore Print
Galerina marginata
The Deadly Galerina
• Cap: convex becoming flat, sticky, slight knob, brown to
ochre-tawny fading to yellowish or buff
• Gills: close, yellowish, becoming rust
• Stalk: hollow, darker towards base
• Habitat: on well-decayed logs
• Poisonous: DEADLY
Amanita
citrina
8
Amanita citrina
Citron Amanita
Amanita citrina
It Has a RING
Amanita citrina
WHITE Spore Print
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Amanita citrina
•
•
•
•
Cap: yellow-lt. green, wide, convex, sticky when wet
Gills: white, smells like raw potatoes
Stalk: thick, white, bulbous at base,
Habitat: oak and pine woods, August – November
Chlorophyllum
molybdites
Chlorophyllum molybdites
Green Spored Lepiota
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Chlorophyllum molybdites
Patches on Cap & Greenish Grey Free Gills
Chlorophyllum molybdites
Greenish Grey Spore Print
Chlorophyllum molybdites
•
•
•
•
Cap: doorknob shaped, becoming flat, large pinkish-buff patches
Gills: white, becoming sordid gray-green or darker
Stalk: thick, enlarging downward, smooth, white
Habitat: lawns, pastures, August – September
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Coprinopsis
atramentaria
Coprinopsis atramentaria
Alcohol Inky
Coprinopsis atramentaria
Alcohol Inky
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Coprinopsis atramentaria
Deliques = Auto Digests
Coprinopsis atramentaria
Alcohol Inky
• Cap: egg-shaped, becoming bell-shaped, gray to gray-brown,
margin pleated
• Gills: white at first, then blackish, darker and inky
• Stalk: thick, white, hollow
• Habitat: clustered in grass and wood debris
• Edibility: good with caution - do not drink alcoholic beverage
within 1-2 days before or after eating – causes flushing, tingling,
headache and nausea
Gymnopilus
spectabilis
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Gymnopilus spectabilis
Big Laughing Gym
Gymnopilus spectabilis
Big Laughing Gym
Gymnopilus spectabilis
RUSTY Spore Print
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Gymnopilus spectabilis
• Cap: wide, convex, orange-yellow-ochre, odor is
anise-like, taste is very bitter
• Gills: crowded, pale yellow-rust
• Stalk: solid, pale yellow-ochre, minute fibers
• Habitat: clustered on wood, or buried wood
Big Laughing Gym
Gyromitra
caroliniana
Gyromitra caroliniana
False Morel
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Gyromitra caroliniana
False Morel
Gyromitra caroliniana
False Morel
True Morels always have a HOLLOW stem.
Gyromitra caroliniana
Gyromitra caroliniana Spore
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Gyromitra caroliniana
•
•
•
•
Cap: brain-like to pitted and ridged;
reddish brown; underside paler, ingrown
with stem where contact occurs.
Gills: no gills
Stalk: pale tan to pure white; large,
sometimes massive; smooth; sometimes
discoloring grayish on handling Habitat:
on ground in deciduous and coniferous
woods
Poisonous: Despite the fact that it is
consumed by many, this mushroom is not
a safe edible! Could be DEADLY!
False Morels
Gyromitra
brunnea
Gyromitra brunnea
False Morel
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Gyromitra brunnea
False Morel
Gyromitra brunnea
False Morel
Gyromitra brunnea
Gyromitra brunnea Spore
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Gyromitra brunnea
•
•
•
•
•
Cap: convoluted, saddle-shaped to lobed,
folds arching up and out, brownish above,
underside buff to tan
Gills: no gills
Stalk: thick, white, interior somewhat
hollow to stuffed with cottony white tissue
Habitat: on humus in hardwood forests
Poisonous: can cause blood poisoning,
diarrhea, severe headaches and vomiting.
Could be DEADLY!
False Morels
Omphalotus
illudens
Omphalotus illudens
Jack-O-Lantern
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Omphalotus illudens
Jack-O-Lantern
Omphalotus illudens
Jack-O-Lantern
Omphalotus illudens
Spores are WHITE
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Omphalotus illudens
•
•
•
•
Cap: circular becoming sunken, dry, smooth, saffron
Gills: sharp-edged, descending, close, yellow-orange
Stalk: solid, smooth, curved, saffron
Habitat: clustered, on deciduous wood
• Poisonous: causes gastric upset for 2 hours – 2 days
• Note: when gathered fresh and taken into a dark room,
the gills give off an eerie green glow
Scleroderma
citrinum
Scleroderma citrinum
Pigskin Puffball
21
Scleroderma citrinum
Pigskin Puffball
Scleroderma citrinum
Pigskin Puffball
Scleroderma citrinum
Spores are prominently reticulate = spiney
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Scleroderma citrinum
•
•
•
•
Cap: No cap
Gills: No gills
Stalk: No stalk
Body: Roundish to flattened ball covered with rough warts. Rind flesh is
white. Inside spore mass is whitish, becoming purplish to black.
• Habitat: single to many, on ground, wood debris, in woods and sandy soil
• Poisonous: can cause nausea and vomiting
Questions?
Missouri Mycological Society
Mushroom Identification Classes
The Program is designed to educate scientific minded, or just the curious, to 40 different
mushroom species through four consecutive courses.
Course One:
Ten Common Poisonous Mushrooms of Missouri
Course Two:
Ten Common Mushrooms of Missouri – Part I
Course Three:
Ten Common Mushrooms of Missouri – Part II
Course Four:
Ten Common Edible Mushrooms of Missouri
Each class provides training and offers optional field work. Optional field work includes
collection and recording of three discussed species, and a one page essay on anything
pertaining to the respective class. A test will be given. After successful completion of
training, field experience, homework and test for each class, the student will receive a
beautiful award pin acknowledging proficiency in that area of mycology.
A participant who completes all four courses will be awarded the Missouri Mycological
Society’s Harry S. Thiers Badge of Achievement Certification in
“Mushroom Identification & Classification Proficiency”
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Advanced
Training
Demonstrate
Proficiency in
Mushroom
Identification
Field Work
Section
24
Conduct Field Collections
▪ Identify, Collect & Record 3 Mushrooms from the Class
▪ List Each by Scientific Name & Common Name
▪ Note the Date, Location, Habitat & Abundance of Each Specimen
Record What You Have Found
Use
Field Data Slips
Available at www.momyco.org & click
on
- Forms -
Home
Documentation
Section
25
Document & Record Your
Field Collections
▪ Illustrate each mushroom with a photograph or drawing.
▪ Include a dried specimen and/or spore print of each specimen.
▪ Write a short one page essay on anything pertaining to the
respective class.
How To Preserve What You Have Found
Cost: $50
Use a Dehydrator
How To Submit What You Have Recorded
Use ZipLock or Glad Bags
LAST STEP: Place each group of your dried specimens and spore print (if
obtained) and their field data slip in a plastic bag, attach your essays to the
specimen bag, and give or send it to Brad Bomanz or Maxine Stone.
THAT’S IT !
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What Have We Learned Today ?
 Ten Common Poisonous Mushrooms
 Their Common Names & Latin Names
 How to Identify Your Mushrooms
 How to Classify Your Mushrooms
 How to Preserve Your Mushrooms
 How to Record & Submit Your Specimens
The Final Step For Completion
Once we have received your submittal, you will be sent a
short quiz to document your newly developed knowledge
about those particular types of mushrooms.
After completion of the class training and field work
segments, and passing the test, you will receive a formal
certification of completion of that course and an award pin
with a specific gem color and language, acknowledging
your proficiency in that area of mycology.
The Ultimate Certification
Those members that have demonstrated their proficiency
in mushroom identification and classification, by
acquiring certifications from all four classes, will receive
HARRY S. THIERS
Certificate for
Mushroom Proficiency
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Questions?
Missouri Mycological Society
Brad Bomanz
2416 Clayton Pointe Court
Chesterfield, MO 63017
bbomanz@momyco.org
Maxine Stone
314 Park Road
Saint Louis, MO 63119
mstone@momyco.org
Fly Agaric
Amanita muscaria
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