Proceedings of the XXIXth URSI General Assembly in Chicago

Transcription

International Union
of Radio Science
XXIX General
Assembly
7-16 August 2008
Chicago, USA
Support: If you have problems or questions related to the
installation of this disc, please contact the 3WAIsmen at
FAX: (818) 952-0183 or e-mail: wais3men@yahoo.com
Union Radio Scientifique
Internationale
Welcome to the XXIX URSI General Assembly!
The General Assemblies of URSI are held at intervals of three years to review current
research trends, present new discoveries and make plans for future research and special
projects in all areas of radio science, especially where international cooperation is
desirable. The first Assembly was held in Brussels, Belgium in 1922 and the latest in
New Delhi, India in 2005. Assemblies were held in the USA on three previous occasions:
in Washington, D.C. in 1927 and 1981, and in Boulder, Colorado in 1957.
Welcome to Chicago!
You'll find magic in such sparkling Chicago attractions as Navy Pier - the Midwest's top
tourist destination - and its boardwalk, 150-foot Ferris wheel, boat tours, and countless
dining or shopping options. Millennium Park offers dazzling music, art, landscape design
and architecture - including the mammoth stainless-steel Could Gate sculpture - splashing
around in the interactive Crown Fountain during summer.
Chicago looks great from every angle, whether you're exploring the city's astonishing
architecture during a guided tour (on foot or aboard a Chicago River boat, lakeshore
cruise or sightseeing bus) or you're enjoying the birds-eye view from the 103rd floor
Sears Tower Skydeck and the 94th floor Hancock Observatory. The city's 29 miles of
lakefront paths are just one reason Chicago is one of the world's most walkable and
beautiful cities.
Chicago is often called a friendly city - and you'll agree when you accept the city's warm
invitation to sample such free attractions as Lincoln Park Zoo, home to more than 1,000
mammals, reptiles, and birds.
Enjoy the peaceful gardens under glass at Garfield Park conservatory and Lincoln Park
conservatory, or take in one of the free performances at Navy Pier. To make sure you
don't miss out on anything the city has to offer, make your very first stop the Chicago
Cultural Center - Chicago's Architectural Showplace for the Lively and Visual Arts and
the city's official Visitor Center.
On behalf of the Local Organizing Committee,
Piergiorgio L.E. Uslenghi, Chair
Danilo Erricolo, Vice-Chair
Disclaimer
This CD is not the official proceedings of the XXIX URSI General Assembly, but simply a
convenience offered to the attendees because it contains the abstracts of all scheduled
presentations known at the time of printing. Any presentation indicated on this book that will not
be presented at the Assembly will be removed from the official proceedings. The official
proceedings will be available on http://ursi.org/.
Ce CD ne contient pas les procédures de la XXIX Assemblée Générale de l'URSI, mais il
est offert comme courtoisie aux participants car il contient les résumés de toutes les
présentations planifiées au moment de l'imprimer. Toute présentation indiquée dans ce
livre mais qui ne sera pas exposée à l'Assemblée sera formellement effacée des
procédures officielles. Les procédures officielles seront disponibles sur http://ursi.org.
INTERNATIONAL UNION OF RADIO SCIENCE
Mission statement
Radio science encompasses the knowledge and study of all aspects of
electromagnetic fields and waves. The International Union of Radio
Science (Union Radio-Scientifique Internationale), a non-governmental
and non-profit organisation under the International Council for Science,
is responsible for stimulating and co-ordinating, on an international
basis, studies, research, applications, scientific exchange, and
communication in the fields of radio science. Included within the
objectives are the following:
a) to encourage and promote international activity in radio science and
its applications, for the benefit of humanity;
b) to encourage the adoption of common methods of measurement, and
the intercomparison and standardisation of the measuring
instruments used in scientific work;
c) to stimulate and co-ordinate studies of:
a. the scientific aspects of telecommunications using
electromagnetic waves, guided and unguided;
b. the generation, emission, radiation, propagation, reception, and
detection of fields and waves, and the processing of the signals
embedded in them.
d) to represent radio science to the general public, and to public and
private organisations.
l'UNION RADIO-SCIENTIFIQUE INTERNATIONALE
Rapport de mission
Les sciences de la radioélectricité comprennent la connaissance et l'étude
de toutes questions liées aux champs et ondes électromagnétiques.
L'Union Radio-Scientifique Internationale (International Union of Radio
Science), une organisation non-gouvernementale et sans but lucratif
sous les auspices du Conseil International pour la Science, a pour but de
stimuler et de coordonner, à l'échelle internationale, les études,
recherches, applications, échanges scientifiques et transferts
d'information dans les domaines des sciences de la radioélectricité et,
plus particulièrement :
1. d'encourager et de promouvoir, à l'échelle internationale, les
activités dans le domaine des sciences de la radioélectricité et de
ses applications, au profit de l'humanité ;
2. d'encourager l'adoption de méthodes de mesure communes, ainsi
que la comparaison et l'étalonnage des instruments de mesure
utilisés dans les travaux scientifiques ;
3. de stimuler et de coordonner les études portant sur :
a. les aspects scientifiques des télécommunications utilisant les
ondes électromagnétiques guidées et non guidées ;
b. la production, l'émission, le rayonnement, la propagation, la
réception et la détection de ces champs et ondes, ainsi que le
traitement des signaux dont ils sont porteurs ;
4. de représenter les sciences de la radioélectricité auprès du public
et des organisations publiques et privées.
Board of Officers
President : Prof. F. Lefeuvre (France)
Past President : Prof. K. Schlegel (Germany)
Vice-Presidents : Prof. G. Brussaard (the Netherlands)
Prof. C.M. Butler (U.S.A.)
Prof. M.T. Hallikainen (Finland)
Dr. P.H. Wilkinson (Australia)
Secretary General: Prof. P. Lagasse (Belgium)
Honorary Presidents
Prof. W.E. Gordon (U.S.A.)
Prof. J. Van Bladel (Belgium)
URSI Secretariat
Secretary General: Prof. P. Lagasse
Assistants S.G. : Prof. F. Olyslager and Dr. W.R. Stone (Publications)
Executive Secretary : Ms. I. Heleu
Administrative Secretary : Ms. I. Lievens
Scientific Program XXIXth General Assembly
Coordinator : Dr. M.K. Goel (India)
Associate Coordinator : Prof. P.L.E. Uslenghi (U.S.A.)
General Assemblies
The General Assemblies of URSI are held at intervals of three years. The main
objective of the Assembly is to review current trends in research, present new
discoveries and make plans for future research work or for specific projects,
especially where it seems desirable to arrange for cooperation on an international
scale. Symposia at the Assembly on selected topics are usually organized by two
or more Commissions. Most radio scientists attend the General Assemblies solely
for these scientific activities, which are open to anyone interested in radio
science, whether or not connected with a Member Committee of the Union. The
URSI General Assemblies were held at the following venues:
1922 Brussels (Belgium)
1927 Washington, D.C. (U.S.A.)
1928 Brussels (Belgium)
1931 Copenhagen (Denmark)
1934 London (U.K.)
1938 Venice (Italy)
1946 Paris (France)
1948 Stockholm (Sweden)
1950 Zurich (Switzerland)
1952 Sydney (Australia)
1954 The Hague (Netherlands)
1957 Boulder (USA)
1960 London (UK)
1963 Tokyo (Japan)
1966 Munich (Germany)
1969 Ottawa (Canada)
1972 Warsaw (Poland)
1975 Lima (Peru)
1978 Helsinki (Finland)
1981 Washington D.C. (USA)
1984 Florence (Italy)
1987 Tel Aviv (Israel)
1990 Prague (Czechoslovakia)
1993 Kyoto (Japan)
1996 Lille (France)
1999 Toronto (Canada)
2002 Maastricht (the Netherlands)
2005 New Delhi (India)
Bureau
Président : Prof. F. Lefeuvre (France)
Président sortant: Prof. K. Schlegel (Allemagne)
Vice-Présidents : Prof. G. Brussaard (Pays-Bas)
Prof. C.M. Butler (Etats-Unis)
Prof. M.T. Hallikainen (Finlande)
Dr. P.H. Wilkinson (Australie)
Secrétaire général: Prof. P. Lagasse (Belgique)
Présidents d’Honneur
Prof. W.E. Gordon (Etats-Unis)
Prof. J. Van Bladel (Belgique)
Secrétariat de l’URSI
Secrétaire général: Prof. P. Lagasse (Belgique)
Assistants S.G. : Prof. F. Olyslager et Dr. W.R. Stone (Publications)
Secrétaire Exécutive: Mme. I. Heleu
Secrétaire Administrative: Mme. I. Lievens
Programme scientific du XXIXe Assemblée Générale
Coordonnateur : Dr. M.K. Goel (Inde)
Coordonnateur Associé: Prof. P.L.E. Uslenghi (Etats-Unis)
Assemblée générale
L'URSI se réunit en Assemblée générale tous les trois ans. L'objectif principal de
l'Assemblée est d'examiner les tendances du moment au niveau de la recherche,
de présenter les plus récentes découvertes et de formuler des recommandations
pour les travaux de recherches futures et de projets spécifiques, particulièrement
dans les domaines où une coopération à l'échelle internationale serait
souhaitable. À l'Assemblée, des sessions de travail sur les multiples thèmes sont
organisées par deux ou trois Commissions. L'intérêt majeur des scientifiques de
la radioélectricité qui assistent aux Assemblées générales est de participer aux
activités scientifiques qui sont aussi offertes à toute personne intéressée à la
radioélectricité scientifique, même si elle n'est pas associée à un Comité Membre
de l'Union. Les Assemblées générales de l'URSI ont eu lieu dans les villes
suivantes :

1922 Bruxelles (Belgique)
1927 Washington (États-Unis)
1928 Bruxelles (Belgique)
1931 Copenhague (Danemark)
1934 Londres (Royaume-Uni)
1938 Venise (Italie)
1946 Paris (France)
1948 Stockholm (Suède)
1950 Zurich (Suisse)
1952 Sydney (Australie)
1954 La Haye (Pays-Bas)
1957 Boulder (États-Unis)
1960 Londres (Royaume-Uni)
1963 Tokyo (Japon)
1966 Munich (Allemagne)
1969 Ottawa (Canada)
1972 Varsovie (Pologne)
1975 Lima (Pérou)
1978 Helsinki (Finlande)
1981 Washington (États-Unis)
1984 Florence (Italie)
1987 Tel Aviv (Israël)

1990 Prague (République Tchèque)
1993 Kyoto (Japon)
1996 Lille (France)
1999 Toronto (Canada)
2002 Maastricht (Pays-Bas)
2005 New Delhi (Inde)
Scientific Commissions
The various branches of radio science are allocated to a set of ten URSI
Commissions. The make-up of these Commissions, and the topics of
principal interest within them, move with the changing needs and
interests of the scientific community. At present the Commissions and
their interests are:
Commission A - ELECTROMAGNETIC METROLOGY, Electromagnetic
measurements and standards.
Acting Chair : Dr. P. Banerjee (India)
Vice-Chair : Dr. P. Banerjee (India)
The Commission promotes research and development in the field of
measurement standards, in calibration and measurement methodologies,
and the intercomparison of such. Areas of emphasis are:
(a) the development and refinement of new measurement
techniques.
(b) primary standards, including those based on quantum
phenomena.
(c) realization and dissemination of time and frequency standards
(d) characterization of the electromagnetic properties of materials.
(e) electromagnetic dosimetry.
The commission fosters accurate and consistent measurements needed
to support research, development and exploitation of electromagnetic
technologies across the spectrum.
Commission B - FIELDS AND WAVES, Electromagnetic theory and
applications.
Chair : Prof. L. Shafai (Canada)
Vice-Chair : Prof. K.J. Langenberg (Germany)
The interest of Commission B is fields and waves, encompassing theory,
analysis, computation, experiments, validation and applications. Areas of
emphasis are :
(a) Time-domain and frequency-domain phenomena;
(b) Scattering and diffraction;
(c) General propagation including waves in specialised media;
(d) Guided waves;
(e) Antennas and radiation;
(f) Inverse scattering and imaging.
The Commission fosters the creation, development, and refinement of
analytical, numerical, and measurement techniques to understand these
phenomena. It encourages innovation and seeks to apply
interdisciplinary concepts and methods.
Commission C - RADIO-COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL
PROCESSING.
Chair : Dr. A.F. Molisch (U.S.A.)
Vice-Chair : Dr. T. Ohira (Japan)
The Commission promotes research and development in :
(a) Radio-Communication and Telecommunication systems;
(b) Spectrum and Medium Utilisation;
(c) Information Theory, Coding, Modulation and Detection;
(d) Signal and Image Processing in the area of radio science.
The design of effective radio-communication systems must include
scientific, engineering and economic considerations. This Commission
emphasises research into the scientific aspects, and provides enabling
technologies to other areas of radio science.
Commission D - ELECTRONICS AND PHOTONICS.
Chair : Prof. F. de Fornel (France)
Vice-Chair : Prof. F. Kärtner (U.S.A)
The Commission promotes research and reviews new development in :
(a) Electronic devices, circuits, systems and applications;
(b) Photonic devices, systems and applications;
(c) Physics, materials, CAD, technology and reliability of electronic
and photonic devices down to nanoscale including quantum
devices, with particular reference to radio science and
telecommunications.
The Commission deals with devices for generation, detection, storage and
processing of electromagnetic signals together with their applications
from the low frequencies to the optical domain.
Commission E - ELECTROMAGNETIC NOISE AND INTERFERENCE
Chair : Prof. F.G. Canavero (Italy)
Vice-Chair : Prof. C. Christopoulos (U.K.)
The Commission promotes research and development in :
(a) Terrestrial and planetary noise of natural origin, seismic
associated electromagnetic fields;
(b) Man-made noise;
(c) The composite noise environment;
(d) The effects of noise on system performance;
(e) The lasting effects of natural and intentional emissions on
equipment performance;
(f) The scientific basis of noise and interference control,
electromagnetic compatibility;
(g) Spectrum management.
Commission F - WAVE PROPAGATION AND REMOTE SENSING
(planetary atmospheres, surfaces and subsurfaces)
Chair : Prof. P. Sobieski (Belgium)
Vice-Chair : Dr. M. Chandra (Germany)
The Commission encourages :
(a) The study of all frequencies in a non-ionised environment :
(i) wave propagation through planetary, neutral atmospheres
and surfaces;
(ii) wave interaction with the planetary atmospheres,
surfaces (including land, ocean and ice), and subsurfaces;
(iii) characterisation of the environment as it affects wave
phenomena;
(b) The application of the results of these studies, particularly in
the areas of remote sensing and communications;
(c) The appropriate co-operation with other URSI Commissions and
other relevant organisations.
Commission G - IONOSPHERIC RADIO AND PROPAGATION (including
ionospheric communications and remote sensing of ionised media)
Chair : Prof. P.S. Cannon (U.K.)
Vice-Chair : Prof. M. Rietveld (Norway)
The Commission deals with the study of the ionosphere in order to
provide the broad understanding necessary to support space and
ground-based radio systems. Specifically, the Commission addresses the
following areas:
(a) Global morphology and modelling of the ionosphere;
(b) Ionospheric space-time variations;
(c) Development of tools and networks needed to measure
ionospheric properties and trends;
(d) Theory and practice of radio propagation via the ionosphere;
(e) Application of ionospheric information to radio systems.
To achieve these objectives, the Commission co-operates with other URSI
Commissions, corresponding bodies of the ICSU family (IUGG, IAU,
COSPAR, SCOSTEP, etc) and other organisations (ITU, IEEE, etc.).
Commission H - WAVES IN PLASMAS (including space and laboratory
plasmas)
Chair : Dr. R.B. Horne (U.K.)
Vice-Chair : Dr. Y. Omura (Japan)
The goals of the Commission are :
(a) To study waves in plasmas in the broadest sense, and in
particular :
(i) the generation ( i.e. plasma instabilities) and propagation
of waves in plasmas,
(ii) the interaction between these waves, and wave-particle
interactions,
(iii) plasma turbulence and chaos,
(iv) spacecraft-plasma interaction ;
(b) To encourage the application of these studies, particularly to
solar/planetary plasma interactions, space weather, and the
exploitation of space as a research laboratory.
Commission J - RADIO ASTRONOMY (including remote sensing of
celestial objects)
Chair : Prof. R.T. Schilizzi (U.K.)
Vice-Chair : Prof. S. Ananthakrishnan (India)
(a) The activities of the Commission are concerned with observation
and interpretation of all radio emissions and reflections from celestial
objects.
(b) Emphasis is placed on :
(i) the promotion of technical means for making radioastronomical observations and data analysis,
(ii) support of activities to protect radio-astronomical
observations from harmful interference.
Commission K - ELECTROMAGNETICS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
Chair : Prof. F. Prato (Canada)
Vice-Chair : Prof. G. D’Inzeo (Italy)
The Commission is charged with promoting research and development in
the following domains :
(a) Physical interaction of electromagnetic fields* with biological
systems;
(b) Biological effects of electromagnetic fields;
(c) Mechanisms underlying the effects of electromagnetic fields;
(d) Experimental electromagnetic fields exposure systems;
(e) Assessment of human exposure to electromagnetic fields;
(f) Medical applications of electromagnetic fields.
* (frequency range from static to terahertz)
Commissions scientifiques
Les diverses branches des radio-science sont regroupées au sein de dix
Commissions. La raison d’être de ces Commissions, et leurs objectifs
principaux, sont fonctions des besoins et centres d’intérêts de la
communauté scientifique. Actuellement les Commissions et leurs objets
sont :
Commission A : METROLOGIE ELECTROMAGNETIQUE, Mesures et
étalons électromagnétiques
Président : Dr. P. Banerjee (Inde)
Vice-Président: Dr. P. Banerjee (Inde)
La Commission tend à promouvoir les recherches et les développements
dans les domaines des étalons de mesure, les méthodes de mesures et
d’étalonnage et leurs comparaisons, l’accent étant mis sur les sujets
suivants :
a) Le développement et le perfectionnement de nouvelles
techniques de mesure;
b) Les étalons primaires, y compris ceux faisant appel aux
phénomènes quantiques;
c) La réalisation et la diffusion d’étalons de temps et de fréquence;
d) La caractérisation des propriétés électromagnétiques des
matériaux
e) La dosimétrie électromagnétique.
La Commission encourage l’essor de méthodes de mesure précises et
étayées susceptibles de venir à l’appui de la recherche, du
développement et de l’utilisation des technologies électromagnétiques sur
l’ensemble du spectre.
Commission B : ONDES ET CHAMPS, théorie électromagnétique et
applications
Président: Prof. L. Shafai (Canada)
Vice-Président : Prof. K.J. Langenberg (Allemagne)
L’intérêt de la Commission B porte sur les champs et les ondes, et
englobe la théorie, l’analyse, le calcul, les experiences et leur
confirmation, l’accent étant mis sur les sujets suivants
a) phénomènes dans le domaine temporel et des fréquences;
b) diffusion et diffraction;
c) propagation générale et compris dans des milieux particuliers;
d) ondes guidées;
e) antennes et rayonnement;
f) méthodes inverses appliquées à la diffusion.
La Commission encourage les études ayant pour but de créer, de
développer et d’affiner les méthodes numériques et analytiques et les
techniques de mesure susceptibles d’améliorer la compréhension de ces
phénomènes. Elle préconise l’esprit d’innovation et s’efforce d’appliquer
des concepts et méthodes pluridisciplinaires.
Commission C : SYSTÈMES DE RADIOCOMMUNICATION ET
TRAITEMENT DES SIGNAUX
Président : Prof. A.F. Molisch (Etats-Unis)
Vice-Président: Prof. T. Ohira (Japon)
La Commission tend à promouvoir les recherches et le développement
dans les domaines suivants:
a) systèmes de radiocommunication et de télécommunications;
b) utilisation du spectre et des milieux de transmission;
c) théorie de l’information, codage, modulation et détection;
d) traitement du signal et de l’image dans le domaine des radiosciences.
La conception de systèmes de radiocommunication efficaces fait appel à
des considérations scientifiques, d’ingénierie et économiques. La
Commission met l’accent sur la recherche scientifique et fournit
l’expérience nécessaire à la conception des systèmes dans d’autres
domaines de la radioélectricité scientifique.
Commission D : ELECTRONIQUE ET PHOTONIQUE
Président: Prof. F. de Fornel (France)
Vice-Président : Prof. F. Kärtner (Etats-Unis)
La Commission tend à promouvoir les recherches et à faire le point des
nouveaux développements dans les domaines suivants
a) dispositifs électroniques, circuits, systèmes et applications;
b) dispositifs photoniques, systèmes et applications;
c) physique, matériaux, CAO, technologie et fiabilité des dispositifs
électroniques et photoniques jusqu’à l’échelle nanométrique
incluant les dispositifs quantiques présentant un intérêt particulier
pour la radioélectricité scientifique et les télécommunications.
La Commission étudie les dispositifs pour la production, la détection, le
stockage et le traitement des signaux électromagnétiques, ainsi que leurs
applications des basses fréquences au domaine optique.
Commission E : BRUITS ET BROUILLAGES ELECTROMAGNETIQUES
Président : Prof. F.G. Canavero (Italie)
Vice-Président : Prof. C. Christopoulos (R-U.)
La Commission tend à promouvoir les recherches et les développements
dans les domaines suivants
a) bruits terrestres et planétaires d’origine naturelle, champs
électromagnétiques associés aux séismes;
b) bruits d’origine artificielle;
e) bruits composites ambiants;
d) effets du bruit sur les performances des systèmes;
e) effets permanents des émissions naturelles et artificielles sur les
performances des équipements;
f) bases scientifiques pour la caractérisation du bruit et la maîtrise
des brouillages ; compatibilité électromagnétique;
g) gestion du spectre de fréquences.
Commission F : PROPAGATION DES ONDES ET TELEDETECTION
(atmosphères planétaires, surfaces et sub-surfaces)
Président : Prof. P. Sobieski (Belgique)
Vice-Président: Dr. M. Chandra (Allemagne)
La Commission tend à encourager:
a) l’étude de la propagation dans les milieux non-ionisés à toutes
fréquences;
i) Propagation des ondes en atmosphères planétaires neutres
et en surfaces;
ii) Interaction des ondes avec les surfaces et sub-surfaces
planétaires (océans, sol et glace);
iii) Caractérisation de l’environnement en ce qu’il affecte les
phénomènes ondulatoires;
b) l’application des résultats de ces études, en particulier dans les
domaines de la télédétection et des communications;
c) le développement d’une collaboration appropriée avec les autres
commissions de l’URSI et les organisations concernées.
Commission G : RADIOELECTRICITE IONOSPHERIQUE ET
PROPAGATION (y compris les communications ionosphériques et la
télédétection des milieux ionisés)
Président : Prof. P.S. Cannon (R.U.)
Vice-Président: Prof. M. Rietveld (Norvège)
La Commission a pour objet l’étude de l’ionosphère afin de mieux
comprendre ce milieu nécessaire aux systèmes de radiocommunications
terrestres et spatiaux. Elle s’intéresse plus spécifiquement aux sujets
suivants :
a) morphologie globale et modélisation de l’ionosphère;
b) variations spatio-temporelles de l’ionosphère;
c) développements des outils et réseaux nécessaires à la mesure
des caractéristiques et des facteurs d’évolution de l’ionosphère;
d) théorie et applications de la propagation radioélectrique par
l’intermédiaire de l’ionosphère;
e) application de la connaissance de l’ionosphère aux radiocommunications.
Pour atteindre ces objectifs, la Commission collabore avec d’autres
commissions de I’URSI, les organismes concernés du CIUS (UGGI, UAI,
COSPAR, SCOSTEP, etc...) ainsi qu’avec d’autres organisations
internationales (UIT, IEEE, etc...).
Commission H : ONDES DANS LE PLASMA (y compris les plasmas
spatiaux et de laboratoire)
Président : Dr. R.B. Horne (R.U.)
Vice-Président: Dr. Y. Omura (Japon)
La Commission a pour buts:
1. a) d’étudier les ondes dans les plasmas au sens le plus large et, en
particulier, les sujets suivants :
o i) la génération (instabilités dans les plasmas) et la
propagation des ondes dans les plasmas;
o ii) les interactions onde-onde et les interactions ondeparticule;
o iii) les processus de turbulence dans les plasmas et le chaos;
o iv) les interactions entre les plasmas et les engins spatiaux;
2. b) d'encourager l'application de ces études, en particulier dans les
domaines des interactions entre les plasmas solaires et
planétaires, la météorologie spatiale et l'utilisation de l'espace
comme un laboratoire de recherche.
Commission J : RADIOASTRONOMIE (y compris la télédétection des
objets célestes)
Président : Prof. R.T. Schilizzi (R.U.)
Vice-Président: Prof. S. Ananthakrishnan (Inde)
a) les activités de la Commission concernent l’observation et
l’interprétation de toutes les émissions et réflexions radioélectriques en
provenance d’objets célestes;
b) l’accent est mis sur:
i) la promotion de moyens techniques pour les observations et
analyse des données radioastronomiques;
ii) l’appui des démarches ayant pour but d’obtenir la protection
des observations radioastronomiques contre les brouillages
nuisibles.
10. Commission K : ELECTROMAGNETISME EN BIOLOGIE ET
MEDECINE
Président : Prof. F. Prato (Canada)
Vice-Président: Prof. G. D’Inzeo (Italie)
La Commission a pour tâche de promouvoir les recherches et les
développements dans les domaines suivants
(a) Interactions physiques entre champs électromagnétiques* et
systèmes biologiques;
(b) Effets biologiques des champs électromagnétiques;
(c) Mécanismes fondamentaux des effets des champs
électromagnétiques;
(d) Systèmes d’exposition expérimentaux aux champs
électromagnétiques
(e) Evaluation des expositions humaines aux champs
électromagnétiques;
(f) Applications médicales des champs électromagnétiques
*des champs statiques aux térahertz
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Oral Sessions
SessionID
A03
B07
C01
D07
E01
F05
G01
H01
J01a
JT
K01
L1
A01
BT
B03
C02
DB
E06
F02
G02
H02
J02
KBE
A02
B01
SessionName
RF and Microwave Standards; Realisation and Dissemination
Wave Field Imaging for Homeland Security
Metropolitan-area Networks (WiMax) and Local Area Networks (WiFi)
Terahertz Technology
Intentional Electromagnetic Interference
Tropospheric Modeling for Radiowave-Propagation and Radar Remote Sensing
Open Session and Latest Results for Com. G
Dynamics of the Plasmasphere Using Wave Techniques
Future Large Telescopes I
Tutorial J : Phased Arrays in Radio Astronomy
Modelling of Interactions Between EMF and Biosystems
General Lecture 1: Microwave Imaging in Medicine: Promises and Future Challenges
Primary Frequency Standards
Tutorial B – Transmission-Line Metamaterials: Fundamentals and Applications
Inverse Scattering
4G Cellular Communications
Plasmonics
Lightning Discharges and Related Phenomena
Remote Sensing of Oceans, Precipitating Atmosphere and Cryosphere
Density Profiling and Models
Observations of Waves and Coherent Structures in Space Plasmas
Aperture and Focal Plane Arrays in Radio Astronomy
Biomedical Applications: Microwave Breast Imaging
Time Scales and Time Dissemination
Electromagnetic Theory
SessionDay
Monday, August 11
Monday, August 11
Monday, August 11
Monday, August 11
Monday, August 11
Monday, August 11
Monday, August 11
Monday, August 11
Monday, August 11
Monday, August 11
Monday, August 11
Monday, August 11
Monday, August 11
Monday, August 11
Monday, August 11
Monday, August 11
Monday, August 11
Monday, August 11
Monday, August 11
Monday, August 11
Monday, August 11
Monday, August 11
Monday, August 11
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
SessionTime
08:00-10:40
08:00-10:40
08:00-09:20
08:00-10:40
08:00-10:40
08:00-10:40
08:00-10:40
08:00-10:40
08:00-09:20
09:40-10:40
08:00-10:40
11:00-12:00
13:40-15:40
13:40-14:40
14:40-17:20
13:40-15:40
13:40-16:40
13:40-17:20
13:40-17:00
13:40-17:20
13:40-17:20
13:40-17:20
13:40-17:20
08:00-10:00
08:00-12:00
C03
D02a
E07
F03
G03
HG1a
HT
J03a
K03a
BCK
C04
D02b
E02
F04
G04a
HG1b
J03b
KT
K03b
A06
BCD
B08
C05a
D04
DT
E04
GHE
J01b
K04a
L2
Multi-antenna Systems
Optical Devices Including Guided Waves I
Electromagnetic Compatibility in Wire and Wireless Communication Systems
Attenuation and Depolarisation in Satellite and Terrestrial Propagation
Irregularities and Scintillation
Wave-particle Interactions and Radiation Belt Remediation I
Tutorial H:Wave Acceleration and Loss Processes at the Earth and Planets
mm and Sub-mm Radio Astronomy I
Wireless Communication and Health: Molecular, Cellular, Animal
Body Area Networks, Including Medical Application
Interference-limited Scenarios and Multiuser Detection for Wireless
Optical Devices Including Guided Waves II
High Power Electromagnetics
Scintillations, Fading and Ducting along Propagation Links
Assimilation and Imaging of the Ionosphere and Plasmasphere I
Wave-particle Interactions and Radiation Belt Remediation II
mm and Sub-mm Radio Astronomy II
Tutorial K: Wireless Communication and Health: Epidemiology
Wireless Communication and Health: Genotoxicity
Characterisation of EM Materials
Physical Limitations of Electromagnetic Metamaterials
UWB Antennas
Ultrawideband Systems I
Transistor Session
Tutorial D: Silicon Nanophotonics
Interaction with Complex Systems
Modification of the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere
Future Large Telescopes II
Biomedical Applications: Neurostimulation
General Lecture 2: Pulsars, General Relativity and Gravitational Waves
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Wednesday, August 13
08:00-11:20
08:00-11:00
08:00-12:00
08:00-11:20
08:00-12:00
08:00-11:00
11:00-12:00
08:00-12:00
08:00-12:00
13:40-15:40
13:40-14:40
13:40-15:20
13:40-15:40
13:40-15:40
13:40-15:40
13:40-15:40
13:40-15:40
13:40-14:40
14:40-15:40
08:00-10:20
08:00-10:40
08:00-10:20
08:20-10:40
08:00-09:20
09:40-10:40
08:00-10:40
08:00-10:20
08:00-10:40
08:00-10:40
11:00-12:00
AE
B02
CT
C06
D01
EGH
FG
GF
HSR
H03
JF
K02a
A05
BK
C07
C08
D08
EB
F01
FT
GH
H04
J04
K02b
AT
ACa
BKF
C05b
D09
EMC Measurements
Scattering and Diffraction
Tutorial C – Cooperative Communications
Cooperative Communications
RFID Technology and Applications
Terrestrial and Planetary Electromagnetic Disturbances and Effects
Mitigation of Ionospheric and Tropospheric Effects in Precision GNSS
Radio Occultation – Techniques, Validation, Science and Applications
Special Review - Roger Gendrin, In Memory of an Outstanding Scientist
Open Session and Latest results for Com. H
Radio Frequency Interference, Problems and Solutions
Biological Effects of EMF: Antenna Interactions with the Human Body and Implanted
Systems
Measurements to Support Advanced Communications Systems
Future Challenges of Computational Electromagnetics
Cognitive Radio and Software Radio
Signal Processing for Software Radio
Micro and Nanophotonics
EM Modelling for EMC
Remote Sensing and Propagation Effects of Vegetation
Tutorial F: Ground Penetrating Radar into Real World
Radio Sounding Techniques for the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere
Kinetic Processes at Boundary Layers
Observatory Reports
Biological Effects of EMF: Molecular, Cellular, Animal
Tutorial A: From Nanoscience to Nanometrology and Its Impact on Electrical Metrology
Measurement Methods and Model Extractions for Wireless Systems I
Stochastic Modeling and Uncertainty Management in Electromagnetics
Ultrawideband Systems II
MEMS and NEMS Components
13:40-17:00
13:40-17:20
13:40-14:40
14:40-15:40
13:40-16:40
13:40-17:20
13:40-17:00
13:40-17:00
13:40-14:20
14:20-17:20
13:40-17:20
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
13:40-17:20
08:00-09:20
08:00-12:00
08:00-09:20
10:20-12:00
08:00-11:20
08:00-11:40
08:00-11:00
11:00-12:00
08:00-12:00
08:00-12:00
08:00-11:20
08:00-12:00
13:40-14:40
14:40-15:40
13:40-15:40
13:40-15:20
13:40-15:40
E03
F06
G04b
HG2
JG
K04b
A07
B05
B09
C10
E05
FC
G05a
GT
H05
J05
K02c
L3
A04
B04
C00
D05
ET
E08
F07
G05b
HGE
J06
Electromagnetic Noise and Interference Control
Sub-millimetric and Terahertz propagation
Assimilation and Imaging of the Ionosphere and Plasmasphere II
Dusty Plasmas
Low Frequency Radio Astronomy and the Ionosphere
Biomedical Applications: Brain Imaging and Brain Mapping
EM Dosimetry
Numerical, Asymptotic and Hybrid Methods
Compact/Miniaturized Antennas
Millimeter-wave Systems (Including 60 GHz) for Radar and High-data-rate
Communications
Spectrum Management
Wireless Propagation and Channel Modelling
Radar Studies I
Tutorial G – Ionospheric Assimilation – Techniques and Performance
Wave Experiments in Laboratory Plasmas and Applications to Space
Radio Astronomy in Space and on the Moon
Biological Effects of EMF: Imaging the Human Response
General Lecture 3: Wireless Communications: 2020
Antenna Characterisation
Antennas and Arrays
Forum on Radio Science and Telecommunications
Modeling of High Frequency Devices and Circuits
Tutorial E – Reverberation Chambers
Experimental Techniques for EMC Compliance
Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere: Temperature, Humidity and Non-precipitating
Clouds
Radar Studies II
Seismo-electromagnetics
Signal Processing, Calibration and Imaging in Radio Astronomy
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Friday, August 15
Friday, August 15
Friday, August 15
13:40-15:40
13:40-15:20
13:40-15:40
13:40-15:40
13:40-15:40
13:40-15:40
08:00-10:00
08:00-10:40
08:00-10:20
Friday, August 15
Friday, August 15
Friday, August 15
Friday, August 15
Friday, August 15
Friday, August 15
Friday, August 15
Friday, August 15
Friday, August 15
Friday, August 15
Friday, August 15
Friday, August 15
Friday, August 15
Friday, August 15
Friday, August 15
08:00-10:00
08:00-10:40
08:00-10:40
08:00-09:20
09:40-10:40
08:00-10:40
08:00-10:40
08:00-10:40
11:00-12:00
13:40-16:20
13:40-17:20
13:40-17:20
13:40-16:20
13:40-14:40
14:40-17:20
Friday, August 15
Friday, August 15
Friday, August 15
Friday, August 15
13:40-16:40
13:40-17:20
13:40-17:20
13:40-17:20
KAE
ACb
B06
B10
C11
G05c
G06
HBDGJK
J07
K05
L4
Exposure Assessment & Emerging New Technologies
Measurement Methods and Model Extractions for Wireless Systems II
Transient Fields and Ultra Wide Band Antennas
Frequency-Domain Techniques
Communicating Objects
Radar Studies III
Improving Radio Systems through Ionospheric Radio Science (Trans and Subionosphere, Radio Propagation)
Solar Power Satellites
Splinter Meetings
Occupational EMF Safety & Health
Public Lecture
Friday, August 15
Saturday, August 16
Saturday, August 16
Saturday, August 16
Saturday, August 16
Saturday, August 16
13:40-17:20
08:00-10:40
08:00-10:40
08:00-10:40
08:00-10:20
08:00-10:40
Saturday, August 16
Saturday, August 16
Saturday, August 16
Saturday, August 16
Saturday, August 16
08:00-10:20
08:00-10:40
08:00-08:40
08:00-10:40
11:00-12:00
Poster Sessions
SessionID
AP1
BP1
BP2
BP3
BP6
BP7
BP8
BP14
BP15
BP16
BP17
BP20
BP21
CP1
CPS2
DP1
EP1
FP1
GP1-01
GP1-02
GP1-03
GP1-04
GP1-GHE
HP1
HP-01
SessionName
General Poster Session I Commission A
Microstrip Antennas and Arrays
Theory and Simulations of Antenna Arrays
Frequency Selective Surfaces
Dielectric Resonator Antennas
Antenna Analysis and Design
Leaky-Wave Antennas
Numerical Scattering and Diffraction
Analytical Scattering and Diffraction
Scattering by Rough-Surfaces and by Complex Media
Inverse Scattering II
Transient Fields and Ultra-Wideband Antennas
Ray-Tracing Techniques
General Poster Session I Commission C
Cognitive Radio
General Poster Session I Commission D
General Poster Session I Commission E
General Poster Session I Commission F (Focus Propagation)
Open Session and Latest Results for Com. G (P)
Density Profiling and Models (P)
Irregularities and Scintillation (P)
Assimilation and Imaging of the Ionosphere and Plasmasphere (P)
Modification of the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere (P)
Poster Session I Commission H
Dynamics of the Plasmasphere Using Wave Techniques (P)
SessionDay
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
SessionTime
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
HP-02
HP-03
HP-HG1
HP-HG2
JP01
JP02
JP03
JPS1
KP1
BPS1
BPS2
BPS3
BPS4
BPS5
BDPS1
BDPS2
BDPS3
BDPS4
BP9
BP10
BP11
BP12
BP13
BP18
BP22
BP23
CP2
DP2
EP2
Observations of Waves and Coherent Structures in Space Plasmas (P)
Open Session and Latest Results (P)
Wave-particle Interactions and Radiation Belt Remediation (P)
Dusty Plasmas (P)
Posters: Future Large Telescopes
Posters: Aperture and Focal Plane Arrays in Radio Astronomy
Posters: Mm and Sub-mm Radio Astronomy
The GMRT: Current Status, Upgrade Plans, Some Interesting Science Results
General Poster Session I Commission K
Antenna Design and Propagation Modeling for Advanced Wireless Systems
Reflectarrays
EM Signature of Edge Structures for Detection of Man-made Objects Hidden in Complex
Environments
High Frequency and Asymptotic Methods
Particle Beam and Electromagnetic Wave Interactions
Metamaterials I: Devices and Applications
Metamaterials II: Novel Effects and Materials
Metamaterials III: Analysis and Optimization
Metamaterials IV: EBG, AMC, and Fractal Structures
Filters
Non-Destructive Testing
Green's Functions/Analytical Techniques
Theoretical EM and Analytical Techniques
Physical Limitations of Electromagnetic Metamaterials II
Time-Domain Techniques
Stochastic Modeling and Uncertainty Management in Electromagnetics II
CAD Techniques
General Poster Session II Commission C
General Poster Session II Commission D
General Poster Session II Commission E
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Tuesday, August 12
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
FP2
GP2-05
GP2-06
GP2-GF
GP2-GH
HP2
HP-04
HP-05
HPHBDGJK
HP-HGE
JP04
JP05
JP06
KP2
General Poster Session 2 Commission F: Focus Remote Sensing
Radar Studies (P)
Improving Radio Systems Through Ionospheric Radio Science (Trans and Subionosphere, Radio Propagation) (P)
Radio Occultation – Techniques, Validation, Science and Applications (P)
Radio Sounding Techniques for the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere (P)
Poster Session II Commission H
Kinetic Processes at Boundary Layers (P)
Wave Experiments in Laboratory Plasmas and Applications to Space (P)
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
Solar Power Satellites (P)
Seismo-electromagnetics (P)
Posters: Observatory Reports
Posters: Radio Astronomy in Space and on the Moon
Posters: Signal Processing, Calibration and Imaging in Radio Astronomy
General Poster Session II Commission K
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
Thursday, August 14
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
15:40-18:00
URSI GA – Oral Presentations y Monday, August 11, 2008
RF AND MICROWAVE STANDARDS; REALISATION AND DISSEMINATION
Session Chair: James Randa
Session
A03
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Monday, August 11, 08:00-10:40
Room
Columbus IJ
08:00
A03.1 TERAHERTZ ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY AND VERIFICATION; HERSCHEL AND PLANCK
L. Rolo, J. Parian, D. Doyle, P. de Maagt, European Space Agency (ESA/ESTEC), Noordwijk, Netherlands
One of the issues that the space and terrestrial THz imaging systems have in common is that they require state-of-the-art
technology to achieve their ambitious goals. Although technology is advancing at a rapid pace in this frequency range, the
requirements for these systems go well beyond to what is currently available, such that there are also no standards or calibration
reference sources in this field. In this paper, the ESAs Herschel and Planck observatories will be used as an example to highlight
some of the hurdles that had to be overcome for a space application.
08:30
A03.2 LABORATORY MEASUREMENT OF MICROWAVE SCATTER COEFFICIENT: CALIBRATION AND
VALIDATION
J. W. Schultz, S. P. Blalock, E. J. Hopkins, Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta, GA, United States
A laboratory method for measuring microwave scatter coefficient of rough or inhomogeneous material specimens is presented. This
method uses a focused beam to simulate far-field plane-wave illumination and a calibration method to quantify the scattering
coefficient in units of dB-square meter per square meter. Two validation specimens, constructed from etched copper in a periodic
array, supported on a dielectric substrate were constructed. These specimens were characterized with two different illumination
beams with different widths, and comparisons of the measured data show that the incoherent, diffuse scatter levels are similar
between the two different focused beam configurations.
09:00
A03.3 DESIGN AND MEASUREMENT OF AN AQUEOUS BLACKBODY CALIBRATION SOURCE FOR THE
MILLIMETER-WAVE/TERAHERTZ FREQUENCY RANGE
1
2
1 1
C. R. Dietlein , Z. Popovic , E. N. Grossman ; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, United
2
States; University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
This paper presents the design and measurement of a broadband calibrated emitter for the millimeter-wave/terahertz frequency
range, called the Aqueous Blackbody Calibration source. Liquid water is utilized for the blackbody, and constrained to an optical trap
geometry by a custom expanded polystyrene container. In this frequency range, water is extremely absorptive and expanded
polystyrene is nearly transparent; the optical-trap geometry ensures that that two TE and two TM 45-degree reflections occur from
the water interface for radiation incident within the cone of acceptance. Theoretical calculations & measured results show an
emissivity > 98.5% over the operating band.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
A03.4 LATEST DEVELOPMENTS ON SPACE-BORNE MICROWAVE RADIOMETER PRE-LAUNCH CALIBRATION
TECHNOLOGIES IN CHINA
1
1,2
2
1,2 1
F. Nian , Y. M. Chen , Y. J. Yang , W. Wang ; Beijing Radio Institute of Metrology and Measurement(BIRMM),
2
Beijing, China (CIE); National Key Laboratoryof Metrology and Calibration Technology, Beijing, China (CIE)
The latest developments and the application achievements of space-borne microwave radiometer pre-launch calibration
technologies in China are introduced briefly. Then the general project plan for the pre-launch calibration, the latest research
achievements on the optimization and development of the microwave wide band calibration targets, emissivity measurement
technologies and the system level uncertainty analysis of the laboratory and thermal/vacuum microwave radiometer calibration
system for FY-3 meteorological satellite are reported respectively. Finally, the key technological problems of the calibration
technologies under researching are analyzed in advance.
1
10:00
A03.5 THE EMISSIVITY MEASUREMENT FOR MICROWAVE BLACKBODY OF FY-3
1,2
1
1
1,2 1
C. Y. Cheng , Y. J. Yang , F. Li , Y. M. Chen ; Beijing Radio Institute of Metrology and Measurement, Beijing,
2
Address: No.50 Yongding Road, Beijing, China (CIE); National Key Laboratory of Metrology and Calibration
Technology, Beijing, China (CIE)
FY-3 series is the new generation meteorological satellites of china under launching. Emissivity measurements for ultra wideband
microwave blackbodies of FY-3 calibration target are presented in this paper. Measurement data finished by BIRMM (Beijing Radio
Institute of Metrology and Measurement) and VNIIFTRI (All Russia scientific research institute for physical technical and radio
technical measurement) respectively are presented. Those data came from same blackbody sample and were obtained with
different measurement procedure. The paper also discusses the influences arising from no ideal waveguide port.
10:20
A03.6 STRATEGY FOR TRACEABILITY OF COMPLEX MODULATED SIGNALS USING RF WAVEFORM
METROLOGY
D. A. Humphreys, M. R. Harper, L. K. J. McInnes, J. Miall, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex,
TW11 0L, United Kingdom
RF Waveform metrology provides a traceable link between the CW RF primary standards, the primary electrical risetime standards
and the complex RF test-equipment used in the wireless communications industry. The advantages and limitations of different
instrument types are compared. Examples are shown of modulation waveform uncertainty calculation and choice of RF filter for
pulsed RF transition duration.
10:40
End of the Session
2
WAVE FIELD IMAGING FOR HOMELAND SECURITY
Session Chairs: Karl Langenberg, Juergen Detlefsen
Session
B07
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand B
08:00
B07.1 COMPUTATION OF QUASISTATIONARY FIELDS IN THE PRESENCE OF CONDUCTING BODIES OF
REVOLUTION
D. H. R. Suriyaarachchi, I. R. Ciric, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
An efficient method is presented for the solution of the integral equation satisfied by the current density induced in axisymmetric
solid conductors immersed in given magnetic fields. The associated matrix equation is formulated by expanding the unknown
current density in a Fourier series in the azimuthal angle, its coefficients being vector functions whose components along the
meridian and azimuth directions only depend on the meridian coordinate. Illustrative numerical results are generated for conducting
prolate and oblate spheroids in the presence of arbitrarily directed uniform fields and, also, in fields produced by current-carrying
turns.
08:20
B07.2 SPATIAL RESOLUTION IN TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGING WITH DIFFRACTED FIELDS
L. Lo Monte, A. M. Bagci, D. Erricolo, R. Ansari, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
The spatial resolution that is achievable using non-uniformly sampled data in the Fourier domain is examined. We focus on thel nonuniform sampling that arises when diffraction tomography is used. We introduce an effective conversion nonuniform-to-uniform
sampling grids using a transformation that minimizes an error measure and that is suited for the sampling location patterns.
Furthermore, we investigate the impact of sampling patterns on spatial resolution changes and how the sampling pattern can be
varied to improve the spatial resolution. Finally, simulations are performed to show how spatial resolution varies when the number of
transmitters/receivers changes.
08:40
B07.3 RF PERFORMANCE OF LAYER-STRUCTURED PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING MODULE
1
1
2
1
2
1
1 1
M. Ikeda , T. Suzuki , K. Ohkawa , K. Sakakibara , Y. Aoki , N. Kikuma , H. Hirayama ; Nagoya Institute of
2
Technology, Nagoya, Japan; DENSO CORPORATION, Nissin, Japan
Simple configuration and broadband characteristic are required for RF module in passive millimeter-wave imaging. We propose a
layer-structured imaging module for simple structure, low profile and easy manufacturing. This module is composed of lens antenna
and detector module. Lens and feeding horn antenna are designed to realize high-gain lens-antenna, which operates over broad
frequency bandwidth. Detector circuit and waveguide-to-microstrip transition are designed to obtain highly-sensitive detector-module.
Consequently, the measured gain of lens antenna is over 40 dBi from 60 to 90 GHz and measured sensitivity of detector module is
2153 V/W.
09:00
B07.4 MEASUREMENT OF THE MUELLER MATRIX FOR THE DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF THREAT
AGENTS THROUGH THEIR OPTICAL ACTIVITY
E. Bahar, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
Detection, identification and characterization of chiral materials have found numerous applications in biochemistry, chemistry, drugs,
medicine and engineering. The relationships between the parameters related to optical activity, (optical rotation and circular
dichroism) and the Mueller matrix elements have been derived when the host medium for the chiral material is dissipative. This
relationship is given in terms of a complex pairing of specific quasi off diagonal elements of the Mueller matrix. The optimum
excitation (angles of incidence and scatter), wavelength, mode of operation, (reflection or transmission) the specific choice of the
Muller matrix elements that need to be measured, are presented.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
B07.5 RESOLUTION PROPERTIES OF A COMBINED MONO- AND MULTISTATIC MILLIMETREWAVE IMAGING
SYSTEM
J. B. Detlefsen, S. Bertl, A. Dallinger, Techn. Univ. Muenchen, Munich, Germany
The properties of a broadband monostatic imaging system with a bistatic extension is discussed with respect to its resolution
capabilities. It applies the FMCW Radar principle in combination with SAR techniques and operates in the Millimetre-Wave (MMW)
region. The resolution properties can be derived from Fourier space taking into account mono- and bistatic contributions. These
considerations are further extended to include the effects of the objects specific scattering characteristic. The additional information
which is gained due to the different perspectives of the object for the monostatic and bistatic sensors is discussed.
3
10:00
B07.6 DIFFRACTION COEFFICIENTS FOR DIELECTRIC WEDGES AND CORNERS WITH APPLICATION TO
MONOSTATIC BUILDING IMAGING
P. C. Chang, R. J. Burkholder, R. J. Marhefka, J. L. Volakis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United
States
A high frequency asymptotic technique based on the Uniform Theory of Diffraction (UTD) is employed for building interior imaging.
The analysis is implemented using a set of heuristic diffraction coefficients for dielectric wedges and corners with ray-tracing that
accounts for multiple through-wall interactions within building. Comparisons with experimental data of the images formed by a
conventional FFT method are given to demonstrate the suitability and efficacy of our analysis for through-wall building imaging.
10:20
B07.7 PHASE SENSITIVE DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF DEFECTS IN CONCRETE STRUCTURES BY
ULTRASONIC AND ELECTROMAGNETIC IMAGING TECHNIQUES
K. Mayer, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany; M. Krause, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing,
Berlin, Germany
Many applications of imaging techniques like diffraction tomography demonstrate their ability to image the interior of huge structures
like bridges. One problem of testing concrete bridges are grouting defects in tendon ducts which may lead to corrosion of tendons
yielding a degradation of the stability of the whole structure. Ultrasound is able to penetrate the tendon ducts and therefore it may be
used to image the interior, whereas electromagnetic waves are used for positioning. With the proposed phase detection technique
the significance level of classification of indications can be considerably improved. Many applications of the technique will be given.
10:40
End of the Session
4
METROPOLITAN-AREA NETWORKS (WIMAX) AND LOCAL AREA NETWORKS (WIFI)
Session Chairs: Visa Koivunen, Eldad Perahia
Session
C01
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus GH
08:00
C01.1 WIMAX/WI-FI COEXISTENCE IN THE 3.65GHZ BAND - STANDARDIZATION AND SIMULATION
P. W. Piggin, NextWave Wireless, Chippenham, United Kingdom
Opening of the 3.65-3.7GHz band in the US has created opportunities to standardize solutions for license-exempt operation of
WiMAX systems. This is being realized through the IEEE P802.16h license-exempt amendment. This paper presents a summary of
the regulatory requirements of the band, and summarizes efforts in providing a solution for coexistence with 802.11 systems. Some
of the technical proposals from the 802.16h draft amendment are presented together with simulation scenarios and results.
Simulation activity is motivated by work within the IEEE 802.19 Coexistence Technical Advisory Group considering WiMAX/Wi-Fi
coexistence.
08:20
C01.2 BER ESTIMATION OF IEEE802.16 STANDRAD FROM REAL MEASUREMENTS IN SEMI-RURAL
ENVIRONMENT AT THREE FREQUENCIES IN THE 2-6 GHZ BAND
S. Salous, K. Khokhar, R. Lewenz, S. Feeney, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
Simultaneous measurements with 10-MHz bandwidth at 2.5 GHz, 3.5 GHz and 5.8 GHz were performed in a rural/semi-rural
environment in the UK. The data were processed to generate the time variant frequency transfer function, which was subsequently
used in a WiMAX channel simulator designed and implemented in SIMULINK for the purposes of the study. Estimates of BER for
the 256 carrier OFDM IEEE802.16 standard are presented for rate for both QPSK and 16 QAM.
08:40
C01.3 PULSE SHAPES FOR OFDM WITH MAXIMUM ENERGY CONCENTRATION IN THE SPECTRAL MAIN-LOBE
R. Sood, H. Xiao, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
In an OFDM system, a signal shaping pulse that has a nearly flat spectral main-lobe and rapidly attenuated side-lobes leads to
bandwidth efficiency and resilience to interference. In order to realize such a pulse, we formulate a non-convex fractional program
(FP) for maximizing the energy concentration in the spectral main lobe while satisfying certain smoothness constraints in the timedomain. We obtain a globally optimal solution to FP by iteratively solving a family of quadratic programs with linear constraints.
Numerical results show that the optimized pulses are spectrally efficient, as well as robust to channel imperfections.
09:00
C01.4 PERFORMANCE OF LOW COST RADIOS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LONG DISTANCE WIRELESS
LINKS
D. Trinchero, A. Galardini, R. Stefanelli, P. Venuti, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
Low cost digital radios are emerging as an efficient resource for the realisation of long distance (multikilometric) point-to-point
telecommunication infrastructures in underdeveloped and Third World Countries. To analyse the performance of these architectures,
we realised several LOS wireless links ranging from 50 to 300 kilometres. The links were based on the use of commercial
IEEE802.11a/h radios. For the purpose of the research, an open source control software implementing significant modifications to
the MAC layer of the standard was implemented. Experimental results show excellent performance and stability, even when the link
ranges more than 100 km
09:20
End of the Session
5
TERAHERTZ TECHNOLOGY
Session Chairs: Rene Beigang, Nachappa Gopalsami
Session
D07
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus AB
08:00
D07.1 THZ IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPY FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING
R. Beigang, M. Theuer, F. Ellrich, G. Torosyan, J. Jonuscheit, Fraunhofer IPM, Kaiserslautern, Germany
Pulsed broadband THz radiation is, in principle, well suited for applications in nondestructive testing. Imaging capabilities together
with spectroscopic information can provide additional information not available with conventional methods. In order to make the
technique useful for industrial applications, however, THz technology has to be adjusted to industrial needs. We report on
experimental results of THz imaging and spectroscopy for nondestructive testing using a completely fiber laser based THz system
which was operated both in transmission and reflection geometry. Typical examples for the determination of thickness,
concentrations, impurities and surface quality are discussed.
08:20
D07.2 GENERATION AND DETECTION OF TERAHERTZ WAVES USING OPTOELECTRONIC TECHNIQUES:
TOWARDS TERAHERTZ PHOTONICS
D. Saeedkia, S. Safavi-Naeini, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Terahertz (THz) optoelectronic techniques play an essential role in future THz components and systems. Novel optoelectronic
devices will pave the way for all optoelectronic compact THz systems for imaging and spectroscopy applications with reduced size
and cost. In this presentation, optoelectronic techniques for generation and detection of terahertz signals will be reviewed. The
operation principles of THz photomixers will be discussed and their performances will be compared. The integration of different THz
devices on one substrate is peomissing for realization of THz integrated circuits. Recent developments in the area of terahertz
system-on-chips for sensing applications will be reviewed.
08:40
D07.3 NOVEL TERAHERTZ SOURCES AND APPLICATIONS TO SECURITY
S. G. Biedron, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, United States; A. Doria, G. P. Gallerano, ENEA, Frascati,
Rome, Italy
09:00
D07.4 MULTI-BEAM INTEGRATED LENS-ANTENNA FOR MILLIMETER AND SUB-MILLIMETER WAVE IMAGING
ARRAY DETECTOR
A. V. Uvarov, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russian
Federation; S. V. Shitov, Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow,
Russian Federation
We discuss development of an imaging array antenna for submillimeter detecting with TES-sensors in radio astronomy. The array is
for the frequency range 200-300 GHz aiming in the future shorter waves. Two variants are analyzed: a single-chip planar array in a
focal plane of a common immersion silicon lens and an array of multiple lens-antennas. We compare these two cases in terms of
under-sampling factor and conclude on limiting factors of these two imaging configurations. It is demonstrated that growth of factor
of four in sampling efficiency is possible for the single lens array antenna.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
D07.5 CONDUCTING DIELECTRIC POLYMER PROPERTIES AT TERAHERTZ WAVELENGTH
E. Nguema, J. C. Delagnes, A. Elfatimy, P. Mounaix, CPMOH, Bordeaux, France
The dielectric function of polyaniline (Pani) doped by couple drug/solvent sulphonic camphoracid/dichloroacetic is studied in the
terahertz range. Numerous films of this polymer with different doping level are measured by Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy.
The Fourier transmission spectrum, the permittivity and conductivity are then precisely obtained between 0.1 and 4 THz. The
behavior of the dielectric function does not follow Drude theory and the extracted data are well fitted and analysed by Jonschers
universal dielectric response. Furthermore, we will present experimental results of shielding effectiveness (SE) obtained at high
frequency from several polyaniline films.
6
10:00
D07.6 SECURITY APPLICATIONS OF THZ WAVES
E. J. Schweicher, RMA (Royal Military Academy), Brussels, Belgium
Like microwaves, terahertz (THz) radiation has the ability to penetrate a wide variety of non-conducting materials. THz radiation is
sensitive to water content, which means it might be used to detect differences in body tissue density. THz radiation is non-ionizing
and thus safe for humans. Materials such as fabric, clothes, plastic and wood appear transparent in the terahertz region, which
could be useful for revealing the presence of concealed weapons, explosives and drugs.
10:20
D07.7 TERAHERTZ REFLECTION SPECTROSCOPY FOR STAND-OFF DETECTION OF EXPLOSIVES
R. Beigang, M. Theuer, G. Torosyan, J. Jonuscheit, Fraunhofer IPM, Kaiserslautern, Germany
Broadband pulsed terahertz radiation in the frequency range from 100 GHz to 10 THz allows for the spectroscopic identification of a
variety of known explosives. Using time domain spectroscopy (TDS) characteristic transmission spectra of a number of explosives
have been already determined. However, in order to perform stand-off detection under real world conditions the explosives have to
be measured in reflection instead of transmission. In this case the measured spectra are modified by the transmission of THz
radiation through clothing or other dielectrics. Typical examples for reflection spectra and the identification of explosives under
realistic conditions will be presented.
10:40
End of the Session
7
INTENTIONAL ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE
Session Chairs: Mats Bäckström, William Radasky
Session
E01
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus CD
08:00
E01.1 PROGRESS IN THE FIELD OF INTENTIONAL ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE (IEMI) SINCE THE
NEW DELHI GENERAL ASSEMBLY IN 2005
W. A. Radasky, Metatech Corporation, Goleta, CA, United States
Since the the New Delhi General Assembly in 2005, there has been significant progress reported in the field of intentional
electromagnetic interference (IEMI) through papers published at EMC conferences, workshops and tutorials. Most of this new
research has dealt with the susceptibility of handheld electronics, interference with networks, threats to transportation systems and
additional information concerning the susceptibility of modern PCs. This new work will be summarized in this paper, and conclusions
will be drawn concerning the state of understanding of the threat of IEMI to civil systems and equipment.
08:20
E01.2 HPEM SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST ON IT-NETWORKS AND THEIR COMPONENTS
F. Sabath, WIS, Munster, Germany
This paper presents effects of high-power electromagnetic environments on components of IT-networks. The narrowband
environment was generated by the high-power microwave (HPM) test facility of WIS. An UWB test setup, consisting of a
semiconductor based pulse generator and impulse radiating antennas, was employed to investigate UWB effects. The paper reports
normalized thresholds of susceptibilities as well as observed tendencies.
08:40
E01.3 HIGH POWER MICROWAVE EFFECTS ON ALARM SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS
J. Godø, Norwegian Defence Estates Agency, Oslo, Norway; O. H. Arnesen, Norwegian Defence Research
establishment, Kjeller, Norway; M. Bäckström, Saab Communication, Linkping, Sweden; B. A. Kerr, QinetiQ, Malvern,
UK; E. Krogager, Danish Defence Aqusition and Logistics Organization, Ballerup, Denmark
This paper presents a compilation of results from a series of high power microwave (HPM) radio frequency interference (RFI) effects
trials on alarm systems and components. The test objects represent a wide range of alarm and sensor technologies. Some HPM
tests have been undertaken on some items in isolation and on the centrals with the detectors and card readers connected. The
majority of the results are from the joint Nordic (DK, FI, NO, SE) HPM susceptibility experiments achieved at the Swedish
Microwave Test Facility (MTF) combined with a Norwegian trial.
09:00
E01.4 EXPERIMENTAL HPEM SUSCEPTIBILITY AND COUPLING INVESTIGATIONS OF SHIELDED AND
UNSHIELDED ELECTRONICS
F. Sonnemann, J. Mirschberger, R. Stark, Diehl-BGT-Defence GmbH & CoKG, Roethenbach a d Pegnitz, Germany
The effects of high intensity radiated fields (HIRF) on electronic systems are hardly to predict, because of the variety of parameters
getting involved. It has been experimentally shown that narrow band high power microwaves (HPM), ultra wide band (UWB) and
damped sinusoid (DS) pulses are able to disrupt and damage electronics permanently. Knowledge of these effects is the basis for
efficient hardening measures. To analyse those effects, a generic target (GENEC) was developed that enables destructive and nondestructive susceptibility studies. Furthermore, different kind of shielding levels can be incorporated to study their protective
behaviour against high-power electromagnetic fields.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
E01.5 CASCADING FAILURES OF LARGE INFORMATION SYSTEMS CAUSED BY IEMI
I. Kohlberg, Kohlberg Assoicates, Inc., Reston, VA, United States
Large coupled information systems are a backbone of industrialized countries. It is essential for these countries to defend their large
information systems against IEMI. A methodology for quantifying the resilience of large coupled information systems in both normal
and perturbed states is required. Obtaining the real-time status of interconnected systems during abnormal occurrences such as
floods, hurricanes, and coordinated IEMI is a major challenge. We propose that under IEMI scenarios an attack be modeled with
random graphs, and propose that connectedness - the ability to support a network spanning cluster, be a measure of its ability to
resist insult.
8
10:00
E01.6 HIGH INTENSITY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD GENERATION USING A TRANSPORTABLE
REVERBERATION CHAMBER
F. B. J. Leferink, University of Twente - Thales Nederland, Enschede, Netherlands
A reverberation chamber can create very high field strength with moderate input power. Existing chambers are making use of a
paddle wheel to change the resonant modes in the chamber. A transportable reverberation chamber with vibrating walls will be
presented. Inside this Vibrating Intrinsic Reverberation Chamber (VIRC) a diffuse, statistically uniform electromagnetic field is
created, without the use of a mechanical, rotating, mode stirrer. This chamber results in a better homogeneity and increased field
strength compared to conventional mode stirred reverberation chambers. This test setup is very suitable for cost effective intentional
electromagnetic interference (I-EMI) tests.
10:20
E01.7 A DESIGN OF A MESOBAND HIGH POWER ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATOR USING A SWITCHED
OSCILLATOR AND A CORONA CURRENT GENERATOR
1,2
1
3
2 1
F. Vega , F. Rachidi , N. Pena , F. Roman ; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne,
2
3
Vaud, Switzerland; National University of Colombia, Bogota, DC, Colombia; Andes University, Bogota, DC, Colombia
This paper presents a design of a mesoband high power electromagnetic radiator using a coaxial switched oscillator and a corona
current generator. First, we present an FDTD simulation of the switched oscillator and compare the obtained numerical results to the
analytical equation derived by Baum. We also describe the design of a corona current generator that can be used as a source to the
switched oscillator. The generator provides natural DC isolation between the radiating system and the primary source, and is able to
produce pulses with amplitudes in the order of kA and risetimes of a few nanoseconds
10:40
End of the Session
9
TROPOSPHERIC MODELING FOR RADIOWAVE-PROPAGATION AND RADAR REMOTE SENSING
Session Chairs: Madhu Chandra, V.N. Bringi
Session
F05
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus EF
08:00
F05.1 RETRIEVING RAIN MICROSTRUCTURE FROM C-BAND POLARIMETRIC RADAR WITH ADDED
INFORMATION FROM 2D VIDEO DISDROMETER
M. Thurai, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States; D. Hudak, Environment Canada, King City,
Ontario, Canada; W. A. Petersen, University of Alabama, Huntsville, Alabama, United States
Rain microstructure parameters such as size, shape and orientation angles are required not only for improving polarimetric radarbased forecasting/nowcasting prediction tools but also for evaluating radiowave propagation effects on satellite and terrestrial
communication systems. In this paper we consider how such parameters could be retrieved from C-band polarimetric weather radar
data, with additional information from 2D video disdrometer, either co-located or situated nearby. Examples from Ontario, Canada,
and from Alabama, USA, are presented, the two locations being very different rain climate regimes.
08:20
F05.2 RADAR OBSERVATIONS OF A SEVERE WEATHER EVENT FROM DISTRIBUTED COLLABORATIVE
ADAPTIVE SENSING NETWORK IN IP1 TESTBED
1
2
1
3
2
2 1
V. Chandrasekar , D. McLaughlin , Y. Wang , J. Brotzge , M. Zink , B. Philips ; Colorado State University, Fort
2
3
Collins, CO, United States; University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States; University of Okalahoma,
Norman, OK, United States
Adaptive sensing using a dense weather radar network is an emerging concept advanced by the Center for Collaborative Adaptive
Sensing of the Atmosphere. The center is founded on the transforming paradigm of Distributed Collaborative Adaptive Sensing
(DCAS) networks designed to provide observations at better resolution and mitigate the earth curvature problem of long range
radars. IP1 is the first DCAS system testbed, aimed at severe weather and hazardous wind-sensing in southwestern Oklahoma.
Some of the first observations of severe thunderstorms from this DCAS network are presented in this paper to highlight the salient
sensing concept and sensing node design.
08:40
F05.3 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SINGAPORES DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION FOR FIXED
Y. H. Lee, S. Lakshmi, J. T. Ong, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Modified gamma model with moment estimators is used to model the rain Drop Size Distribution (DSD) of Singapore (120N,
10341E). Gamma model parameters N0, and Λ are determined through measured data for ten different averaged rain rates. The
estimated parameters show that the gamma model parameter varies very slowly compared to the other two parameters. In this
paper, an attempt is made to simplify the modified gamma model with moment estimator by keeping this slow varying parameter as
a constant.
09:00
F05.4 ON THE INFLUENCE OF WIND TURBINES ON RADARS
E. H. Van Lil, D. G. Trappeniers, A. R. Van de Capelle, K.U.Leuven, Heverlee, Brabant, Belgium
Previous studies have been focusing on the influence of moving objects like wind turbines on aeronautical and maritime radars.
Here, those results will be summarized for a special kind of radars, namely meteorological radars. We have used both full 3D UTD
methods as well as simplified methods to quantize the effects. Not many moment method solvers can deal with moving objects. For
some particular applications, the procedures can be simplified to quantize easily near-fields around moving objects. After a
description of the general phenomena, a simplified PO method, and a flat wedge approximation will be compared.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
F05.5 STATISTICAL MODEL OF RAIN FADING IN SURABAYA
P. Hutajulu, G. Hendrantoro, A. Mauludiyanto, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya, Indonesia
An overviews statistic models of rain fading in Surabaya, it describes of fade slope statistic and fades duration, its could from rain
attenuation with synthetic storm method. From the attenuation value with synthetic storm method should make calculation to found
fade slope in every rainfall event, total of fade slope could get fade slope statistic of conditional. To calculate time duration in every
time at every threshold value in every rainfall event. And after that statistic fade duration was found. Rain fading duration influences
the particular wind and the link, area, year, and the long of communication link.
10
10:00
F05.6 RAIN FIELD MODELLING FOR FIXED RADIO SYSTEMS USING FADE MITIGATION TECHNIQUES
S. A. Callaghan, STFC-Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OXON, United Kingdom
The demand for increased bandwidth for such services as satellite tv-on-demand has lead to pressure to increase spectrum
efficiency and open higher frequencies to commercial exploitation. Fade mitigation techniques such as adaptive transmit power
control (ATPC) have been proposed as ways of achieving this. Optimisation of radio systems using these techniques relies on
accurate knowledge of the spatio-temporal variation of rain fields. This is best derived from measured data, but often measurements
at the required resolutions are not available. Hence we turn to accurately synthesised rain fields to determine the feasibility and
efficient operation of these systems.
10:20
F05.7 DEPOLARIZATION OF KU-BAND SATELLITE SIGNAL IN RELATION TO RAIN ATTENUATION FOR THE
TROPICAL REGION
K. Chakravarty, A. Maitra, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
The phenomenon of depolarization has been studied by monitoring the co-polar and cross-polar component of a plane polarized
satellite signal transmitted with low fade margin from the geostationary satellite in the Indian region. During a rain event, co-polar
component attenuates and cross-polar component enhances. Correlation between the co-polar and cross-polar component is
usually high during rain events but sometimes it decreases in presence of large rain drops of diameter greater than 2.5 mm when
the cross-polar component becomes significant in spite of very small value of co-polar attenuation
10:40
End of the Session
11
OPEN SESSION AND LATEST RESULTS FOR COM. G
Session Chairs: C Hanuise, Anthea Coster
Session
G01
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand E
08:00
G01.1 A ROCKET EXHAUST DEPLETION (RED) OF IONOSPHERIC TOTAL ELECTRON CONTENT DETECTED BY
GPS
M. Mendillo, S. Smith, J. Baumgardner, C. Martinis, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; A. Coster,
P. Erickson, MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, United States
A large-scale east-west gradient in total electron content (TEC), similar to those found during geomagnetic storms, was created
following the launch of a Titan IV rocket from the Kennedy Space Center at 00:50 UT on 30 April 2005. It marks the first use of the
global positioning system (GPS) monitoring network in North America to characterize the full spatial-temporal domain affected by a
rocket-exhaust-depletion (RED) in TEC. Simultaneous all-sky imager observations captured a burst of 6300 airglow along the
rockets trajectory that resulted from the enhanced loss process caused by rocket exhaust gases.
08:20
G01.2 TOPSIDE IONOSPHERE MODELLING USING GPS DATA: POSSIBILITIES FOR SOUTH AFRICA
1,2
1,2 1
2
P. Sibanda , L.-A. McKinnell ; Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, Hermanus, South Africa; Rhodes University,
Grahamstown, South Africa
Successful modelling of the topside ionosphere relies on the availability of good quality measured data. The Alouette, ISIS and
Intercosmos-19 satellite missions provided large amounts of data, but with limited coverage of relevant geophysical conditions by
each individual mission. Recently, methods for inferring the electron density distribution in the topside from Global Positioning
System (GPS)-based total electron content (TEC) measurements have been developed. This paper attempts to review recent
progress in topside ionospheric modelling focusing on GPS-TEC based modelling techniques and explores the possibility of using
GPS measurements for the topside modelling efforts in South Africa.
08:40
G01.3 GPS OBSERVATIONS OF THE IONOSPHERE IN AFRICA: FIRST RESULTS FROM COLLABORATIONS
UNDER THE UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL HELIOPHYSICAL YEAR BASIC SPACE SCIENCE INITIATIVE
1
2
3
4
1
5
6
7
8
K. M. Groves , S. Basu , S. Basu , C. S. Carrano , I. Mengistu , J. Pimenta-Lima , B. Rabiu , O. Obrou , B. Damtie ,
9
10 1
2
G. Mengistu , P. Baki ; Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, MA, USA; Boston University, Boston, MA,
3
4
5
USA; Boston College, Newton, MA, USA; AER, Inc., Lexington, MA, USA; National Institute of Meteorology and
6
7
Geophysics, Espargos, Sal, Cape Verde; Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria; University of
8
9
Cocody, Abidjan, Ivory Coast; University of Bahir Dar, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; University of Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa,
10
Ethiopia; University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
Satellite observations indicate that the African longitude sector is one of the most active regions on earth with respect to the
formation of ionospheric irregularities. A paucity of historical, routine ground-based ionospheric observations, however, has made it
difficult to verify the in situ measurements or characterize the ionospheric environment more fully. Driven by a desire to better
understand the structure of the ionosphere over Africa and its impacts on space-based communication and navigation systems,
AFRL has supported the establishment of a number of GPS observing sites by forming international collaborations through
participation in the UN IHY BSSI Program.
09:00
G01.4 SUPERDARN STATISTICAL CHARACTERISATION OF MAGNETOSPHERIC REGIONS FOR QUASI REALTIME TRACKING
G. Lointier, T. Dudok De Wit, C. Hanuise, X. Vallieres, LPCE/CNRS, Orleans, France; R. Andre, CEA/CESTA, LE
BARP, France
SuperDARN is one of the most appropriate instruments for identifying the ionospheric footprints of the various magnetospheric
regions. We apply the Singular Value Decomposition method on the modulus of the autocorrelation functions (ACF) in order to
develop a model capable of monitoring magnetospheric boundaries in near real-time. We characterize the signal in each radar gate
with 3 coefficients. The ratio of the first two coefficients describes the spectral width while the third coefficient seems to be related to
the shape. By linearly combining these three modes, we can reconstruct the salient features of all observed ACFs.
12
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
G01.5 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HIGH LATITUDE DYNAMICS FROM THE SONDRESTOM ISR AND THE EISCAT
SVALBARD RADAR IPY RUNS
A. Stromme, SRI International, Menlo Park, United States; T. V. Eyken, EISCAT Scientific Association, Kiruna,
Sweden
The Sondrestom ISR is located at 67N, 309E, about 74N invariant latitude. Throughout the IPY the Sondrestrom ISR is participating
in a biweekly ~30 hours run. The ESR is located at 78N, 16E. The invariant latitude of ESR is 75N, very close to that of Sondrestom.
The relative location of the two radars result in interesting similarities and differences between the simultaneous data from the two
sites. In this paper we present a study of the variation of the state of the plasma through a comparative study of the parameters
obtained from the two.
10:00
G01.6 NEW CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDIUM-SCALE TRAVELING IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES DETECTED
WITH DENSE WIDE-COVERAGE TEC MAPS OVER NORTH AMERICA
T. Tsugawa, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan; Y. Otsuka,
Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; A. J. Coster, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Westford, MA, USA; A. Saito,
Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
We have developed Total Electron Content Data of American-Wide GPS Network (TEC-DAWN) which provides dense widecoverage TEC maps over North America. The TEC-DAWN maps reveal several new characteristics of medium-scale traveling
ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs). For example, nighttime MSTIDs propagating southwestward with 200-500 km wavelengths
have wavefronts longer than 2000 km. Daytime MSTIDs propagating in two different directions (southeastward/southwestward) are
superimposed in mid-to-late afternoon. TEC-DAWN is a new powerful tool to investigate MSTIDs and various ionospheric
phenomena. We have opened the TEC-DAWN website to provide quicklook of the TEC maps.
10:20
G01.7 NEUTRAL WIND EFFECT IN PRODUCING THE STORMTIME IONOSPHERIC ADDITIONAL LAYER:
RESULTS FROM COUPLED MODEL SIMULATIONS
C.-H. Lin, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, China (SRS); A. D. Richmond, National Center for Atmospheric
Research, Boulder, CO, USA; J.-Y. Liu, National Central University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan, China (SRS); G. J. Bailey,
University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
This study presents theoretical simulation of the low-latitude ionospheric plasma structures during a major magnetic storm. From the
coupled NCAR-TIEGCM and SUPIM simulations, stormtime ionospheric additional layers occur in both equatorial and low-latitude
regions due to two different physical mechanisms. At equator, the additional layer occurs due to combined effects of penetration
electric field and photoionization. Meanwhile, the additional layer formed at low-latitude requires the existence of the disturbance
equatorward wind. The results indicates that the ionospheric additional layers may occur in both low-latitude and equatorial regions
during magnetic storms if preferable stormtime conditions exist.
10:40
End of the Session
13
DYNAMICS OF THE PLASMASPHERE USING WAVE TECHNIQUES
Session Chairs: Brian Fraser, Harri Laakso
Session
H01
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand F
08:00
H01.1 AUTOMATIC WHISTLER DETECTION: OPERATIONAL RESULTS FROM NEW ZEALAND
1
2
1
1
1 1
C. J. Rodger , J. Lichtenberger , G. McDowell , J. R. Downs , N. R. Thomson ; University of Otago, Dunedin, New
2
Zealand; Eotvos University, Budapest, Hungary
Single-hop lightning-generated whistlers are observed by ground-based VLF detectors after propagation through the source
ionosphere, inside a plasmaspheric field-aligned whistler duct, and finally through the ionosphere in the conjugate region. Whistlers
can be used to determine plasmaspheric properties. The Etvs University Automatic Whistler Detector (AWD) system has been
operating in New Zealand since mid-May 2005. In this paper we will report on the statistics from the first 530 days of operation, in
which 236019 whistler traces were measured. This is a step towards providing regular near-automatic plasmaspheric
measurements to the scientific community.
08:20
H01.2 REMOTE SENSING THE DYNAMICS OF THE IONOSPHERE-PLASMASPHERE SYSTEM BY GROUNDBASED ULF WAVE OBSERVATIONS
M. Vellante, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy; M. Foerster, GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Potsdam,
Germany; M. Pezzopane, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy; N. Jakowski, Deutsches
Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Neustrelitz, Germany
ULF waves recorded at ground magnetometer stations closely spaced in latitude allow accurate determinations of magnetospheric
field line resonance (FLR) frequencies. This is a useful tool for monitoring temporal/spatial variations in plasmaspheric density. As
an example, we present the results of a cross-correlation analysis between low-latitude FLR frequencies and the F10.7 index which
suggests that changes in the inner plasmaspheric density follow those of the solar irradiance with a time delay of 1-2 days. We also
present a comparative analysis of FLR, ionospheric sounding and vertical TEC measurements during the development of a
geomagnetic storm.
08:40
H01.3 IONOSPHERIC SIGNATURES IN THE PLASMASPHERE BOUNDARY LAYER: SUB-AURORAL
POLARIZATION STREAMS AND STORM ENHANCED DENSITY PLUMES
P. J. Erickson, J. C. Foster, MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, United States
During geomagnetic disturbances, the low to mid-latitude ionosphere can become highly structured, especially along field lines
within the plasmasphere boundary layer (PBL) overlapped by the ring current driven mid-latitude sub-auroral polarization stream
(SAPS) electric field. Large enhancements in total electron content (TEC) lead to plasmaspheric redistribution, dramatic conductivity
changes, and mesoscale storm enhanced density plumes especially visible in the American sector. The strong plume density
gradients are prime energy sources for waves and instabilities in the dynamic PBL region. We present recent results highlighting the
significance of these features for magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling near the plasmapause.
09:00
H01.4 ELECTRON PRECIPITATION LOSS DUE TO SCATTERING BY HISS IN PLASMASPHERIC PLUMES
D. Summers, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
We consider electron precipitation loss due to pitch-angle scattering by whistler-mode ELF hiss in plasmaspheric plumes. Using
wave observations and inferred plasma densities from CRRES,we analyze 14 representative plume intervals for which well
determined hiss spectral intensities are available. We find that pitch-angle scattering by hiss in plumes can be efficient for inducing
precipitation loss of outer-zone electrons with energies throughout the range 100 keV - 1 MeV ,though the magnitude of the electron
loss timescale can be highly dependent on wave power, L-shell,and electron energy.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
H01.5 ROLE OF THE PLASMASPHERE IN ENERGETIC WAVE-PARTICLE DYNAMICS
I. R. Mann, M. Usanova, L. G. Ozeke, I. J. Rae, Z. C. Kale, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
Recent theoretical studies have demonstrated how ULF waves can interact with energetic particles in the ring current and radiation
belt via drift- and drift-bounce as well as cyclotron resonance. We show examples from THEMIS and Cluster indicating how EMIC
waves driven by resonance with ring current ions can be excited in the inner magnetosphere at the plasmapause during a period of
strong solar wind compression. Similarly, Pc3-5 ULF wave propagation is governed by the ambient mass density. We examine the
role of plasmaspheric density and ULF waves in controlling inner magnetosphere wave-particle energy exchange.
14
10:00
H01.6 MULTI-POINT OBSERVATIONS OF CHORUS AND HISS EMISSIONS.
O. Santolik, Institute of Atmospheric Physics and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; D. A. Gurnett,
J. S. Picket, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; H. Laakso, A. Masson, ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk,
Netherlands; N. Cornilleau-Wehrlin, CETP, Velizy, France
Cluster spacecraft observe whistler-mode chorus predominantly outside of the plasmapause while plasmaspheric ELF hiss is often
observed inside the plasmaspheric high-density regions. Recent results suggest that chorus propagates from the source region,
localized close to the geomagnetic equator, towards the Earth reaching low altitudes. ELF hiss, which is frequently observed at low
altitudes, can therefore originate as whistler-mode chorus. Chorus waves can also penetrate the plasmapause density gradient from
outside and can thus represent one of the potential embryonic sources of plasmaspheric hiss.
10:20
H01.7 THE ORIGIN OF PLASMASPHERIC HISS
J. Bortnik, UCLA, Los Angeles, United States
Plasmaspheric hiss is a ubiquitously-occurring Very Low Frequency (VLF) wave, typically observed within the plasmasphere, and
known to be critical in controlling the structure and dynamics of the Earth's radiation-belts. The origin of plasmaspheric hiss has
been an open problem for over four decades, though several ideas have been proposed and debated in the literature. In the present
work, we show theoretical work that strongly ties plasmaspheric hiss to another wave type, ELF/VLF chorus. Our work reproduces
several observational characteristics of hiss including the frequency band, day-night asymmetry, and geomagnetic control.
10:40
End of the Session
15
FUTURE LARGE TELESCOPES I
Session Chair: Peter Wilkinson
Session
J01a
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand A
08:00
J01a.1 PROGRESS OF THE EXPANDED VERY LARGE ARRAY PROJECT
R. A. Perley, B. J. Butler, M. M. McKinnon, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro, NM, United States
The EVLA Project is a ten-year major retrofitting of the VLA, which when completed in 2012 will provide order-of-magnitude
improvements in frequency access, sensitivity, spectral capabilities, and imaging. Half of the VLA antennas have now been
converted to modern wideband electronics and digital FO data transmision, and are now routinely scheduled with VLA antennas for
observations under control of the new EVLA monitor-control system. A prototype of the WIDAR correlator is scheduled for on-sky
testing by mid-summer. The full correlator will be installed through 2009, with early science observations expected in 2010.
08:20
J01a.2 FRESH SCIENCE WITH A UNIQUE RADIO TELESCOPE
G. R. Harp, SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA, United States; *. ATA Project Team, SETI Institute / U. C. Berkeley,
Hat Creek, CA, United States
The Allen Telescope Array (ATA) fills a unique niche in observation parameter space for Astronomy. The combination of wide field
of view, frequency versatility, and short baselines make it well suited to explore new realms. Operating with 42 antennas, the ATA is
now performing science observations. Primary science programs focus on large scale structures, transient searches with
instantaneous FoV of 100 sq. deg., and continuous frequency tunabilility over a decade of cm-wave frequencies. The ATA is also
equipped with a beamformer supporting concurrent SETI searches. Here I present the status of the primary science programs
underway at the ATA.
08:40
J01a.3 MEERKAT AS AN SKA PATHFINDER
J. L. Jonas, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
The MeerKAT is a pathfinder for the "small dish plus single-pixel wideband feed" scenario for the SKA. The current reference design
is a centrally condensed array of 80 12-meter dishes with baselines extending out to 10 km. The goal frequency coverage is 0.5-10
GHz, matching the SKA specification for dishes. The technologies and techniques that MeerKAT will develop and evaluate include:
wide-bandwidth feeds, low-cost dish antennas, instrumentation for high dynamic range observations, packet-switched array
processing architectures, shielding of component RFI, mitigation of external RFI, and low-cost and reliable remote telescope
operation.
09:00
J01a.4 LOFAR
1,2 1
2
G. de Bruyn ; Astron, Dwingeloo, Netherlands; Kapteyn Institute, Groningen, Netherlands
The LOw Frequency Array, currently under construction in the Netherlands, will observe the sky in the frequency bands from 10-80
MHz and 110-240 MHz with arcsecond resolution and sub-mJy sensitivity. Its main science drivers are redshifted HI signals from the
Epoch of Reionization, surveys of the sky, transient radio sources, UHECR, cosmic magnetism and Solar system science.
Advanced plans exist to expand LOFAR with ~ 10+ stations across Europe, providing baselines up to 1000 km. The latest results of
low-resolution all-sky imaging at frequencies of ~50 and ~150 MHz will be shown to highlight LOFARs potential.
09:20
End of the Session
16
TUTORIAL J : PHASED ARRAYS IN RADIO ASTRONOMY
Session Chair: Richard Schilizzi
Session
JT
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand A
09:40
JT.1 PHASED ARRAYS IN RADIO ASTRONOMY
1,2 1
2
A. van Ardenne ; ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands; Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
The international radio-astronomy community is engaged in major upgrades and pathfinder projects making detailed plans for the
development of a new radio telescope: the Square Kilometer Array. This instrument will be two orders of magnitude more sensitive
than telescopes currently in use and is required to be operational from 100MHz to 25GHz. Different collector concepts are
necessary to optimally cover this frequency and a variety of novel concepts are proposed some of which have never been used in
radioastronomy. Given the importance of phased arrays for potential upgrade on existing telescopes as well as for the SKA as a
result of its intrinsic characteristics and the growing acceptance in the community, this tutorial aims to provide insight in the status of
enabling technologies and technical research and the potential of phased arrays for future growth in radio astronomy.
10:40
End of the Session
17
MODELLING OF INTERACTIONS BETWEEN EMF AND BIOSYSTEMS
Session Chairs: Guglielmo d'Inzeo, Jan Vrba
Session
K01
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus KL
08:00
K01.1 CALIBRATION OF BIOMEDICAL DIELECTRIC SENSORS OPTIMISED USING GENETIC ALGORITHM
M. P. Robinson, J. Clegg, University of York, York, United Kingdom
Biomedical sensors using the resonant cavity perturbation (RCP) technique can measure the dielectric properties of tissues from
changes to resonant frequencies and their Q-factors. However they are difficult to calibrate for irregular sample geometries. We
extended the RCP equations by including higher-order terms, and used a genetic algorithm to optimise the complex parameters.
Applied to a flat cavity resonator and to a current sheet sensor, this approach gives excellent agreement between the predicted and
literature values for reference liquids in the first case and good agreement in the second. Two-dimensional mappings of the sensor
responses are presented.
08:20
K01.2 MEASUREMENT OF COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY FOR BIOLOGICAL CELLS AT 1.7-2.6GHZ BY WAVEGUIDE
PENETRATION METHOD
H. Saito, Y. Suzuki, M. Taki, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
The feasibility of applying the waveguide penetration (WP) method to measure complex permittivity for biological cells in the
frequency range from microwave to millimeter-wave frequency band is investigated. In this study, complex permittivity measurement
was performed at microwave frequency band from 1.7 to 2.6 GHz by the WP method, as a preliminary study. Lichtenecker's
logarithm mixed law was applied to estimate macroscopic complex permittivity for cells. As a result, real part and imaginary part of
complex permittivity of CHO-K1 cell were estimated to be 60.2 ~ 62.9 and 3.0 ~ 3.2, respectively.
08:40
K01.3 THE EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF THE TUMOR-SKIN MODEL USING ULTRA-WIDE BAND
M. A. A. Eldosoky, Faculty of Engineering Helwan university, Cairo, Egypt
In this paper, we deduce the variation in the equivalent circuit of the skin model as inserting the tumor with its electrical parameters.
This equivalent circuit is deduced from the scattering parameters of the network analysis. Inserting the tumor in this model affects
the S-parameters. Consequently, the equivalent circuit of this network. Changing the position, the size of this tumor affects directly
the response of this equivalent circuit. This equivalent circuit is studied at the frequency range between 4.5 to 7GHz.
09:00
K01.4 A MICRODOSIMETRIC STUDY APPLIED TO ULTRA SHORT PULSED E FIELD
1
1
1
2
1 1
C. Merla , M. Liberti , F. Apollonio , P. Leveque , G. d'Inzeo ; ICEMB@ "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy;
2
XLIM UMR CNRS, Limoges, France
A number of biological relevant phenomena has been evidenced associated to the exposure of cell lines and organs to ultra-short
pulsed electric fields (usPEF), suggesting the plasmatic membrane as one of the main interaction targets. In this context a
microdosimetric study able to predict E field distribution on the membrane, seems to be particularly interesting. A quasi-static EM
solution both on a three layered spherical cell is proposed. By considering three different cell dielectric models, three different cell
radius dimensions, three different plasmatic membrane and bound water thicknesses, the role of these important parameters
involved is highlighted.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
K01.5 AN ANALYTIC MODEL FOR THE RESPONSE OF AN EXCITABLE CELL WITH A NONLINEAR HODGKINHUXLEY MEMBRANE RADIATED BY A STOCHASTIC ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD
1
2
1
1 1
A. De Vita , B. Bisceglia , R. P. Croce , I. M. Pinto ; University of Sannio at Benevento, Benevento, Italy, Italy;
2
University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy, Italy
Complex EM-polluted environments can be modeled as stochastic EM fields. In this connection, the possible relevance of the
nonlinear response of cell membranes to EM noise was suggested. This would be synthetically described by the Power Spectral
Densities (PSD) of the induced wideband noisy trans-membrane excess potential in the exposed cell membranes. In this
communication we use the Volterra functional series to compute the response of a spherical cell with nonlinear Hodgkin-Huxley
membrane exposed to a stochastic field, and derive the PSD of the nonlinear transmembrane potential for the simplest case of a
white Gaussian noise field.
18
10:00
K01.6 QUANTUM MECHANICAL EFFECTS IN BONE GROWTH IN PRESENCE OF PULSED VECTOR POTENTIALS
S. P. Bowen, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, United States
The excitation probability of substrate molecules involved in the production of growth factors influencing the division of chondrocytes
in the growth layer of bone under the influence of pulsed electromagnetic fields is studied theoretically in a quantum mechanical
model calculation. Optimal locations within a pair of Helmholtz coils for enhancement of bone growth are also investigated and
found to be close to the coils. The work presented here is believed to be the first derivation in a model calculation of a physical basis
for the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on bone growth and fusion.
10:20
K01.7 ELF AND STATIONARY MAGNETIC FIELDS RESONANCE INFLUENCE ON WATER ELECTRICAL
CONDUCTIVITY
S. G. G. Gennady, A. I. M. Igor, Y. S. M. Sergey, Moscow Aviation Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
The influence of stationary and ELF magnetic fields of 0.1-3mT inductance and of 4-50Hz frequencies on water electric conductivity
has been investigated. The strongest changes of water conductivity have been observed at 6.5, 7.5Hz frequencies. The small
changes of electric conductivity exist at several other frequencies. In some cases the effects are strongly modified if stationary and
ELF fields of the some intensity affect on the water in the developed sensor simultaneously. The frequencies of the greatest
changes of water parameters are correlated with the Schumans resonator frequencies for the first and second modes.
10:40
End of the Session
19
GENERAL LECTURE 1: MICROWAVE IMAGING IN MEDICINE: PROMISES AND FUTURE CHALLENGES
Session Chair: François Lefeuvre
Session
L1
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Regency B-D
11:00
L1.1 MICROWAVE IMAGING IN MEDICINE: PROMISES AND FUTURE CHALLENGES
S. Hagness, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
Medical microwave imaging techniques seek to exploit dielectric-properties contrast mechanisms that are sensitive to physiological
or pathological factors of clinical interest. The dawn of the 21st century has brought exciting prospects for innovative microwave
sensing technologies to address diagnostic needs in medicine, particularly early-stage breast cancer detection. Yet numerous
challenges need to be overcome in order to achieve the promise of microwave breast imaging in a clinical setting. This general
lecture will highlight recent advances in the field of medical microwave imaging and strategies for moving forward towards clinical
realization.
11:20
End of the Session
20
PRIMARY FREQUENCY STANDARDS
Session Chair: Fritz Riehle
Session
A01
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus IJ
13:40
A01.1 ABSOLUTE FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT OF THE 4 2S1/2 - 3 2D5/2 QUADRUPOLE TRANSITION IN
40CA+ IONS
K. Matsubara, Y. Li, H. Ito, S. Nagano, K. Hayasaka, M. Hosokawa, National Institute of Information and
Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan
We are developing an optical frequency standard using an electric quadrupole transition in the trapped, laser-cooled single 40Ca+
ions. After our first observation of the quadrupole transition, we improved the vacuum pressure of the ion-trap chamber and
introduced a pulse-light sequence system to the measurement. We observed the symmetrically splitting pairs of the Zeeman
components in the quadrupole transition with linewidths of <25 kHz. By averaging transition frequencies of the symmetrical pair in
order to cancel the first-order Zeeman shift, we have evaluated the absolute quadrupole transition frequency with an accuracy of
twelve digits.
14:00
A01.2 ON SECONDARY REPRESENTATIONS OF THE SECOND
F. W. Riehle, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany
The most advanced optical frequency standards have surpassed the performance of the best primary caesium atomic clocks as the
primary realization of the definition of the second in the International System of Units (SI) with respect to their accuracy and stability.
As a consequence the International Committee of Weights and Measures (CIPM) has now recommended as secondary
representations one microwave radiation in 87Rb and four optical radiations in 199Hg+, 88Sr+ and 171Yb+ and neutral 87Sr atoms.
This paper describes the rationale, evolution and development of criteria for acceptance of a radiation as a secondary
representation of the second.
14:20
A01.3 THE YB OPTICAL LATTICE CLOCK
1
1
1
2
1
1
1 1
C. W. Oates , Z. W. Barber , N. D. Lemke , N. Poli , A. D. Ludlow , T. M. Fortier , S. A. Diddams ; NIST, Boulder,
2
CO, United States; LENS, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
We report progress on an optical clock based on neutral Yb atoms confined to a 1-D optical lattice. We describe the first high
precision measurements on the Yb clock transition at 578 nm through use of an even isotope, 174Yb. An evaluation of the two most
important systematic effects for the clock has led to the reduction of the total fractional uncertainty for the ytterbium lattice clock to
one part in 10^15. Comparisons with the other frequency standards at NIST show that the Yb clock has a fractional frequency
instability of less than 3x10^-15 t^-1/2.
14:40
A01.4 A 87 STRONTIUM OPTICAL LATTICE CLOCK
G. K. Campbell, JILA/University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
We report on progress on an optical atomic clock with high accuracy and stability based on lattice confined 87Sr atoms. Recently,
we have evaluated the systematic uncertainty of the clock at the 10^{-16} level, surpassing the best current evaluations of Cs
primary standards. The evaluation was performed using a remote comparison of optical clocks over km-scale urban distances. We
have also completed a measurement of the absolute frequency of the clock transition, which is one of the most accurate
measurements of an optical transition frequency to date.
15:00
A01.5 FIBER-BASED FEMTOSECOND LASERS FOR OPTICAL CLOCKS
G. Grosche, H. Schnatz, B. Lipphardt, F. W. Riehle, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig,
Germany
The use of femtosecond laser combs based on modelocked fiber lasers is discussed for their applications as optical clockworks in
optical clocks with unprecedented accuracy and stability, to compare optical clocks with very different optical frequencies without
limitation by the comparison process, to generate highly stable microwave signals from frequency stabilized lasers, or to transmit
optical frequencies over telecommunication fiber networks.
21
15:20
A01.6 STABLE AND ACCURATE SINGLE-ION OPTICAL CLOCKS
J. C. Bergquist, NIST (National Institute of Standards & Technology, Boulder, CO, United States
Single-trapped-ion frequency standards based on a 282 nm transition in 199Hg+ and on a 267 nm transition in 27Al+ have been
developed at NIST over the past several years. Their frequencies are measured relative to each other and to the NIST primary
frequency standard, the NIST-F1 cesium fountain, by means of a self-referenced femtosecond laser frequency comb. Both ion
standards have demonstrated instabilities and inaccuracies of less than 3 10-17.
15:40
End of the Session
22
TUTORIAL B – TRANSMISSION-LINE METAMATERIALS: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS
Session Chairs: Lot Shafai, Karl Langenberg
Session
BT
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand B
13:40
BT.1 NEGATIVE-REFRACTIVE-INDEX TRANSMISSION-LINE METAMATERIALS: FUNDAMENTALS AND
APPLICATIONS
G. V. Eleftheriades, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Recently there has been renewed interest in artificial media (artificial dielectrics) with electromagnetic properties that cannot be
found in nature. Therefore these materials are referred to as metamaterials (meta means beyond in Greek). This tutorial mainly
addresses metamaterials that are characterized by a negative refractive index and synthesized using planar networks of loaded
transmission lines. The fundamental properties and several electromagnetic applications of these negative-refractive-index
transmission-line (NRI-TL) metamaterials will be described.
14:40
End of the Session
23
INVERSE SCATTERING
Session Chairs: Edwin Marengo, Qing H. Liu
Session
B03
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand B
14:40
B03.1 DECOMPOSITION OF THE MULTISTATIC RESPONSE MATRIX AND TARGET CHARACTERIZATION
D. H. Chambers, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
Decomposition of the time-reversal operator for an array, or equivalently the singular value decomposition of the multistatic
response matrix, has been used to improve imaging and localization of targets in complicated media. Typically, each singular value
is associated with one scatterer even though it has been shown in several cases that a single scatterer can generate several
singular values. In this paper we calculate the SVD of the MRM for two simple cases. We show that the number and magnitudes of
the singular values contain information about target composition, shape, and orientation.
15:00
B03.2 SHAPE RECONSTRUCTION USING MULTI-STATIC AND MULTI-SPECTRUM DATA
S. Hou, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, United States; H. Zhao, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA,
United States
Applications such as medical imaging, non-destructive testing, seismic imaging, and target detection/recognition utilize active arrays
of transducers that emit signals and record reflected and/or transmitted signals. Recording the inter-element response forms the
response matrix of an active array. This paper discusses reconstructing the shape of targets using the multi-static and multispectrum data with a direct imaging method that is efficient and robust.
15:20
B03.3 MODEL-BASED PARAMETRIC INVERSION OF CONTROLLED SOURCE ELECTROMAGNETIC DATA IN
TWO AND HALF DIMENSIONS
M. Li, A. Abubakar, T. Habashy, Schlumberger-Doll Research, Cambridge, MA, United States
A model-based parametric inversion method will be introduced in this communication for the reconstruction of regions of interests
including their conductivities and shapes. It is applied to marine controlled-source electromagnetic data. By incorporating the priori
information acquired from seismic/gravity measurements or pixel-based inversion method, this scheme can approximate parameters
with less unknowns in the inversion process. It is based on a general Gauss-Newton minimization framework with several
techniques set up to ensure a stable convergence, such as constraint minimization, quadratic line search, and automatic
regularization. We showed that the algorithm is accurate and efficient.
15:40
Tea/Coffee Break
16:00
B03.4 BEAM BASED TIME REVERSAL IMAGING
1
2
1 1
2
T. Heilpern , A. Shlivinski , E. Heyman ; Tel Aviv University,, Tel Aviv, Israel; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev,
Beer Sheva, Israel
We present a beam-based time reversal imaging of point scatterers, using collimated iso-diffracting Gaussian beams for frequency
domain applications, or pulsed beams for time domain applications. The formulation involves a beam-based data matrix relating the
beam-transducers used as transmitters and receivers, but such matrix may also be synthesized in the preprocessing phase by a
linear transformation of the data matrix corresponding to any other type of transducers. The beam-based data matrix is then used to
create sparse time reversal operators for each sub-domain in the target domain.
16:20
B03.5 AN IMAGING TOOL FOR INTRA-WALL INVESTIGATIONS: A FEASIBILITY STUDY
I. Catapano, L. Crocco, Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment - National Research Council, Napoli,
Italy
Intra-wall imaging aims at detecting hidden objects put into cavities or gaps embedded in a wall. In this framework, the paper
presents a novel two-step imaging approach wherein one first estimates the cavity's shape and then images the inclusions possibly
hidden in it. The approach is based on the Linear Sampling Method (LSM) and provides an original extension of this simple and
effective shape-reconstruction technique to the case of inhomogeneous targets, which cannot be successfully tackled by the original
formulation of the LSM. Preliminary results confirm the approach effectiveness.
24
16:40
B03.6 FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A GRADIENT REDIRECTING ALGORITHM COMBINED WITH STEP LENGTH
ESTIMATION FOR INCLUDING A PRIORI DATA IN THE IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION IN MICROWAVE
TOMOGRAPHY
A. Fhager, D. Bernhardsson, M. Persson, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
An iterative inversion algorithm for microwave tomography exploiting dielectric a priori data of the object being imaged is described.
The algorithm is based on solving the regular and the adjoint Maxwells equations in order to compute gradients, used to update the
dielectric profile with the conjugate-gradient method. We have also studied the possibility of replacing the time consuming line
search with an estimated step length for the update. It was found that these methods combined can be used to significantly
decrease the computation time for the reconstruction process and improve the convergence.
17:00
B03.7 COMPRESSIVE SENSING FOR INVERSE SCATTERING
E. A. Marengo, R. D. Hernandez, Y. R. Citron, F. K. Gruber, M. Zambrano, H. Lev-Ari, Northeastern University,
Boston,MA, United States
Compressive sensing is a new field in signal processing and applied mathematics. It allows one to simultaneously sample and
compress signals which are known to have a sparse representation in a known basis along with the subsequent recovery by linear
programming of the original signals with low or no error. The focus of the present research is to study how these results apply to
wave inverse scattering, in both the linear regime of the so-called Born approximation for weakly scattering objects as well as in the
more general context of strongly scattering objects exhibiting non-negligible multiple scattering interactions.
17:20
End of the Session
25
4G CELLULAR COMMUNICATIONS
Session Chairs: Mansoor Shafi, Jonas Medbo
Session
C02
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus GH
13:40
C02.1 IMPACT OF DISPERSIVE PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MULTIANTENNA INDOOR PERSONAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
C. Oestges, Universite catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
In this paper, we describe experimental results characterizing the dispersion of indoor directional and dual-polarized channels in the
1.9 GHz frequency band. A simple analytical model is then extracted from the data, accounting for the cross-correlation between the
various parameters. Finally, dual-polarized and single-polarized transmissions are compared in real-world indoor channels based on
metrics for multiplexing and diversity gains.
14:00
C02.2 HIGH SPECTRAL RESOLUTION FOR FUTURE BROADBAND WIRELESS SYSTEMS
M. Bellanger, CNAM, Paris, France
New wireless concepts, particularly cognitive radio, require high resolution spectrum analysis. Additional requirements for future
broadband systems are high data rates in large transmission bandwidths and flexible spectrum allocation. A multicarrier modulation
technique based on filter banks can meet these requirements, contrary to existing OFDM schemes. A key element is the protype
filter and a simple and efficient design is presented. Applications in wireless networks emphasize the impact of the user spectrum
separation provided by the filter bank. The mixing of multicarrier and single carrier modulations should be an important parameter
for the optimization of future wireless and mobile networks.
14:20
C02.3 MULTI-ANTENNA PROCESSING IN THE WINNER AIR INTERFACE
M. Olsson, A. Osseiran, Ericsson AB, Stockholm, Sweden; F. Roemer, Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau,
Germany; T. Wild, Alcatel-Lucent, Stuttgart, Germany
This paper summarizes work on multi-antenna processing that has been carried out in the European research project WINNER
(Wireless World Initiative New Radio) which targets next generation radio access systems. An overview of the WINNER multiantenna concept is given, and its preferred configurations and their performance in various deployment and propagation scenarios
are presented.
14:40
C02.4 POLARIMETRIC KRONECKER SEPARABILITY IN AN URBAN MACROCELLULAR ENVIRONMENT
K. Sivasondhivat, J.-I. Takada, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan; I. Ida, Y. Oishi, Fujitsu Limited,
Yokosuka, Japan
This paper investigates the Kronecker separability of the joint polarimetric angular power spectrum density (PSD) between the base
station (BS) and mobile station (MS) of double directional measurements in an urban macrocell in Tokyo. A general form of the sum
of channel polarization pair-wise Kronecker product approximation is proposed to be used to model a full channel correlation matrix.
Its validity is compared with some recently proposed Kronecker product approximations.
15:00
C02.5 A NON-SEPARABLE DIRECTIONAL CHANNEL MODEL AND OBSERVATIONS FOR FUTURE MOBILE AIR
INTERFACES
J. W. Wallace, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
Two questions concerning multiple antennas in multi-user scenarios are what channel state information should be circulated and
whether multiple antennas be used for multiplexing and/or beamforming. These are addressed by analyzing a channel model that
approximates non-separable wireless channels. Results suggest the need for future air interfaces to circulate channel covariance
information and the ability to shift between spatial multiplexing and beamforming modes. The use of spatial power information is not
only a compact way to represent non-separable channels, but also should be sufficient to allow users to decide on a near networkoptimal transmission strategy.
26
15:20
C02.6 PROPAGATION MODELING FOR EVALUATION OF 4G SYSTEMS
J. Meinila, T. Jamsa, P. Kyosti, J. Ylitalo, Elektrobit, Oulu, Finland
This paper discusses channel modeling requirements and proposes a model for evaluation and dimensioning of 4G systems.
Existing 3G channel models are not suitable for 4G due to increased needs for flexible and efficient spectrum use. Recently 4G
channel modeling has gained a lot of interest. One reason is the ongoing ITU-R IMT-Advanced process. We propose a geometrybased stochastic approach and introduce a generic model with a set of scenario specific parameters. The model was created in an
European IST-WINNER project. It is claimed that this model with appropriate parameters applies for the upcoming 4G evaluations.
15:40
End of the Session
27
PLASMONICS
Session Chairs: F. de Fornel, Nader Engheta, Richard W. Ziolkowski
Session
DB
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus AB
13:40
DB.1 METAPLASMONIC STRUCTURES, OPTICAL NANOCIRCUITS, AND WIRELESS NANOSYSTEMS
1
1
1,2
1
1 1
N. Engheta , A. Alu , M. Silveirinha , J. Li , B. Edwards ; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United
2
States; University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
In this talk, we give an overview of our recent works on metaplasmonic-based structures, devices, and optical nanocircuit elements
and nanosystems. Additionally, we show how these concepts may bring the whole machinery of circuit theory and design into the
nanoscale through plasmonic optics, and how this may open doors to exciting possibilities and directions in the field of nanooptics.
We will briefly discuss several ideas for nanocircuit functions including optical nanoantennas for beam shaping and photonic
wireless at the nanoscale, nanospectrometer for molecular spectroscopy, and negative-refraction optical metamaterials using
lumped optical circuit element inclusions.
14:00
DB.2 ON THE MODELING OF METALLIC WAVEGUIDES FROM DC TO LIGHT
S. S. Alshannaq, R. G. Rojas, THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, Columbus, OH, United States
Metals have been usually modeled with unity relative permittivity and large but finite conductivity. However, near the optical region,
the cold plasma model is necessary to correctly predict a negative valued permittivity below the plasma frequency. An expression is
given here which reduces to the cold-plasma model near the plasma frequency and to the well-known model for a metal at lower
frequencies (microwave and below). The expression used here allows us to demonstrate the existence of surface plasmon modes
and how they become the well-known conventional waveguide modes in simple closed guiding geometries like a rectangular
waveguide.
14:20
DB.3 PLASMONIC NANO-SLOT ANTENNAS FOR OPTICAL SUB-WAVELENGTH FOCUSING
Y. Wang, A. M. H. Wong, A. S. Helmy, G. V. Eleftheriades, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
A novel plasmonic screen consisting of nano-scale slits is proposed to produce sub-wavelength near-field focusing at optical
frequencies. The design is inspired by plasmonic antennas and near-field holographic screens constructed at microwave
frequencies. This paper demonstrates nano-scale focusing capability through both theoretical analysis and 3D full-wave simulations.
With a simple structure of three nano-slits on a metallic (plasmonic) sheet, the configuration is feasible for implementation using
current nano-fabrication technologies. This route to sub-wavelength focusing holds promise for a wide range of applications from
optical near field imaging and sensing to photolithography.
14:40
DB.4 SIMULATION OF IMAGE ACQUISITION BY NEAR-FIELD SCANNING OPTICAL MICROSCOPY USING A
SURFACE PLASMONIC GAP PROBE
K. Tanaka, M. Tanaka, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan; K. Katayama, Hamamatsu University, Hamamatsu, Japan
Simulations of image acquisition of the dielectric and metallic objects were performed for the near-field scanning optical microscopy
(NSOM) with a plasmonic gap probe. The simulations demonstrate that it is not necessary to vibrate the probe tip in order to remove
background noise and the resolution of is approximately equal to the diameter of the probe tip. Furthermore, the throughput of the
probe is extremely higher than conventional aperture probes providing similar resolution. The plasmonic gap probe thus has the
advantages of both aperture probes and scattering probes and is expected to have excellent characteristics in NSOM.
15:00
DB.5 AN ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATION OF NEAR-FIELD PLATES
M. F. Imani, A. Grbic, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
This paper describes an analytical approach to modeling near-field plates, which are non-periodic grating-like structures that can
focus electromagnetic waves to subwavelength dimensions. The analysis provides additional insight into the operation and design of
such plates that can focus plane waves and cylindrical waves to subwavelength resolutions. Explicit expressions for the current
density induced on the plates, and the plates' impedance profiles are derived. The analytical expressions are validated numerically.
28
15:20
DB.6 STUDY OF LEFT-HANDED SCHRODINGER SOLITONS IN AN AG FILM PLASMONIC WAVEGUIDE USING A
NONLINEAR TRANSMISSION LINE APPROACH
A. Shahvarpour, S. Gupta, C. Caloz, cole Polytechnique de Montral, Quebec, Canada
The nonlinear (NL) characteristics of a left-handed (LH) plasmonic waveguide constituted by a silver film sandwiched between two
layers of silica are established theoretically, using a transmission line (TL) approach. This NL-LH plasmonic waveguide is shown to
support modulated Schrdinger bright solitons in the higher band of the spectrum.
15:40
Tea/Coffee Break
16:00
DB.7 PECULIARITIES IN SCATTERING PROPERTIES BY SPHERICAL PARTICLES WITH RADIAL ANISOTROPY
C. Qiu, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; B. Luk'yanchuk, Data Storage Institute, Singapore,
Singapore
The role of anisotropy in plasmonic resonances and extraordinary scattering is investigated in uncoated/coated spheres. It is shown
that radial anisotropy may lead to great modifications in scattering efficiencies and field enhancement, elucidating the importance of
anisotropies in scattering control. The ability of optical analog of Landau damping is demonstrated for anisotropic spheres for the
first time. Also, it shows that by the suitable adjustment of the radius ratio in coated anisotropic spheres, one may make the
anisotropic coated particle near transparent or invisible. This phenomenon is also explained in the effective medium theory, and
physical insights are provided.
16:20
DB.8 ACTIVE COATED NANO-PARTICLES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
R. W. Ziolkowski, J. A. Gordon, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
A variety of coated nano-sized particle (CNP) configurations have been studied at optical frequencies in which a plasmonic shell,
such as silver, surrounds a core dielectric. Because the optical losses are large when such metals are present, active cores have
been considered. With the introduction of active materials, the intrinsic absorption in the plasmonic shell can be overcome and new
optical properties can be observed in the CNP scattering and absorption cross-sections, most notably optical amplification. Several
applications for these CNP lasers, including highly localized sensors having a variety of signatures and tunable pigments, will be
discussed.
16:40
End of the Session
29
LIGHTNING DISCHARGES AND RELATED PHENOMENA
Session Chairs: Zen Kawasaki, Vladimir A. Rakov
Session
E06
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus CD
13:40
E06.1 MEASUREMENT OF CLOSURE POSITION BETWEEN DOWNWARD AND UPWARD LEADERS: RETURNSTROKE INITIATION POSITION
C. E. Baum, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
In modeling, the lightning return stroke, one would like to have better knowledge of the closure position of the downward- and
upward-propagating leaders. This paper discusses ways to measure this based on electromagnetic-field measurements.
14:00
E06.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF UPWARD BIPOLAR LIGHTNING DERIVED FROM SIMULTANEOUS RECORDING
OF ELECTRIC CURRENT AND ELECTRIC FIELD CHANGE
D. Wang, Gifu University of Japan, Gifu, Japan
This paper reports the characteristics of upward bipolar lightning derived from simultaneous recordings of electric current and
electric field change of three upward bipolar lightning. Based on these observed characteristics, a possible scenario of bipolar
lightning is proposed to understand how a bipolar lightning occurs.
14:20
E06.3 LIGHTNING ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS IN THE IMMEDIATE VICINITY OF A TALL TOWER
Y. Baba, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan; V. A. Rakov, University of Florida, Florida, USA
Using the FDTD method, we calculated the vertical electric field E_z, horizontal electric field E_h, and azimuthal magnetic field
H_phi on the ground surface at distances ranging from 5 to 100 m from the bottom of a 160-m-high conical tower, for different
values of ground conductivity. E_h and H_phi are not much influenced by the presence of object. Waveforms of E_z are unipolar
when the ground conductivity is higher than 10 mS/m, but become bipolar for the ground conductivity lower than 1 mS/m. Grounding
impedances and potential rises at the tower base are computed and discussed.
14:40
E06.4 ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELD MEASUREMENTS AT VERY CLOSE RANGE ASSOCIATED WITH
LIGHTNING STRIKES TO THE AUSTRIAN GAISBERG TOWER
1
2
2
3
2
4 1
G. Diendorfer , A. Mosaddeghi , D. Pavanello , H. Pichler , F. Rachidi , M. Rubinstein ; OVE-ALDIS, Vienna,
2
3
Austria; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Vienna University of Technology,
4
Vienna, Austria; University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Yverdon, Switzerland
This paper presents a preliminary analysis of recently obtained experimental data associated with lightning strikes to the Gaisberg
Tower in Austria. Electric field changes were measured at distances of 22 m and 170 m from the tower base and the magnetic field
was measured at a distance of 20 m. The electric field waveforms feature the typical asymmetrical V-shaped pulses, the bottom of
the V being associated with the transition from the leader to the return-stroke. The obtained results confirm the shadowing effect of
the tower in reducing the electric fields in the immediate vicinity of the tower.
15:00
E06.5 CURRENTS IN BURIED GROUNDING STRIPS CONNECTED TO COMMUNICATION TOWER LEGS DURING
LIGHTNING STRIKES
N. J. Theethayi, R. Thottappillil, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; G. Diendorfer, Austrian Electrotechnical
Association, Vienna, Austria; M. Mair, H. Pichler, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
During a lightning strike to communication tower stroke currents are shared by the tower and by the shields of the cables along the
tower. The currents in the tower proceed towards the grounding system (possibly a combination of counterpoises or ring conductors
or ground rods or grounding grids) connected to tower legs foundation. In this paper, lightning strike to communication tower on
mount Gaisberg in Austria is considered and measured currents at the tower top and those shared by an instrumented grounding
strip connected to one of the tower legs is presented.
30
15:20
E06.6 LIGHTNING RETURN-STROKE CHANNEL RADIATED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS MACROMODELING
B. Kordi, G. E. Bridges, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
Accurate and efficient calculation of lightning electromagnetic fields is essential for the determination of induced overvoltages in
power lines. A time-domain macromodel based on a pole-residue form is investigated to approximate the channel-base-current-tofield transfer function. The transfer function has to be evaluated in the frequency domain. We use an engineering model to
determine the spatial and temporal distribution of the current along the lightning return stroke channel. In general, the approach we
present is applicable to any time-domain or frequency-domain method that can relate the radiated fields to the channel-base current.
15:40
Tea/Coffee Break
16:00
E06.7 LIGHTNING PROPERTIES INFERRED FROM MAPPING SYSTEM
P. A. Laroche, ONERA, Chatillon, France
This paper will mainly address the detection, of the characterization and of the localisation of the lightning flash. Detection of
lightning is done by optical devices, by electrostatic measurement and, for close by observations, by noise measurement. RF
emission is certainly the most beneficial diagnostic to identify the physic processes involved in the propagation of a lightning flash
and to localize its different components. A detailed comparison between information provided by different types of lightning mapping
system will be given and discussion on the value and interest of the information delivered by each of them will be done.
16:20
E06.8 COMPREHENSIVE THUNDERSTORM OBSERVATIONS BY THE BROADBAND RADAR NETWORK
T. Morimoto, T. Ushio, Z. Kawasaki, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
Lightning Research Group of Osaka University has been developing a VHF 3D lightning mapper and a high-resolution
meteorological radar. Thunderstorm observations using these systems bring remarkable findings. After the validation, we conclude
that the functions of the systems are sufficient to continuous operation. The Broadband Radar Network that mainly consists of these
systems is a unique tool so far to obtain information for the thundercloud from the combining (thermal) dynamic and electromagnetic
aspects with enough time resolution. The comprehensive thunderstorm observations using the Broadband Radar Network are
expected to bring us a clear scenario for thundercloud microphysics.
16:40
E06.9 IONOSPHERIC EFFECTS OF LIGHTNING AT CAMP BLANDING, FLORIDA
R. C. Moore, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
The International Center for Lightning Research and Testing (ICLRT) in Camp Blanding, Florida is world-renowned for highresolution measurements of lightning. In this paper, we describe the latest enhancements to the ICLRT facility. Very low frequency
(VLF) remote sensing is employed to monitor the ionospheric effects of lightning observed at the ICLRT. VLF signals are sensitive to
electron density and temperature changes in the lower ionosphere, such as those produced by the direct coupling of lightning
energy (e.g., the sprite halo or possibly elves). We present initial results from this new monitoring system.
17:00
E06.10 INVESTIGATION OF CURRENTS INJECTED BY A SURGE GENERATOR INTO THE LIGHTNING
PROTECTIVE SYSTEM OF A SMALL RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURE
G. Maslowski, Rzeszow University of Technology, Rzeszow, Poland
The paper presents results of the lightning protective system (LPS) tests of a small residential structure conducted in 2007 at the
Rzeszow University of Technology area in Poland using a mobile surge current generator. The primary objective was to examine the
current waveshapes in all parts of the circuit and the division of the injected surge current between the grounding system of the LPS
and remote ground. The current waveshapes in the ground rods differed from the injected current waveshapes and the current
waveshapes in other parts of the system for both tested configurations.
17:20
End of the Session
31
REMOTE SENSING OF OCEANS, PRECIPITATING ATMOSPHERE AND CRYOSPHERE
Session Chair: Roger Lang
Session
F02
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus EF
13:40
F02.1 SPECIAL FEATURES OF KIRCHHOFF METHOD APPLICATION IN MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY OF ROUGH
SEA SURFACE.
M. V. Danilytchev, B. G. Kutuza, A. G. Nikolaev, Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of
Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
Currently there are several different methods to calculate the emission or scattering coefficients of the rough sea surface. For the
most practical tasks of the sea surface radiometry the Kirchhoffs method is quite adequate method of calculation. There is a number
of assumptions that are very crucial for both the contemporary understanding of the Kirchhoff's method and its practical usage. The
experimental verification (in the band from 3 to 50 GHz) of these assumptions is discussed here.
14:00
F02.2 REMOTE SENSING OF A TWO SCALE OCEAN SURFACE BASED ON A VARIATIONAL TECHNIQUE
E. Bahar, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
The full wave backscatter cross sections of the Pearson-Moskowitz type random rough sea surfaces are expressed analytically as
weighted sums of two cross sections. The total surface height spectral density function is expressed in a continuous smooth manner,
as a sum of a larger and a smaller scale surface height spectral density function. The variational parameter, proportional to the ratio
of the mean square heights of the smaller and larger scale surfaces, is increased from zero to one. It is shown that the unified full
wave solutions are stationary over a wide range of values for the variational parameter.
14:20
F02.3 MEASUREMENTS OF THE EFFECT OF RAIN-INDUCED SEA SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON THE SATELLITE
SCATTEROMETER RADAR CROSS SECTION
D. E. Weissman, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States; M. A. Bourassa, Florida State University,
Tallahasse, FL, United States
Radar measurements of the sea surface, with Ku-band satellite scatterometers, are affected by the presence of rain through
modification of the sea surface roughness by rain impacts. Surface-based studies have shown the increase in the total NRCS
depends on radar frequency, incidence angle, polarization and wind speed. Herein is a case study of the increase of the total radar
cross section, averaged across surface illuminated areas of the scatterometer, caused by rain. The results apply to questions
regarding the interpretation of wind estimates in the presence of rain of varying intensity, to air-sea interaction and gas transfer
14:40
F02.4 SIMULATION OF THE AQUARIUS RADAR SCATTEROMETER
P. de Matthaeis, D. M. Le Vine, E. Dinnat, D. S. Jacob, S. Abraham, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt,
MD, United States
The Aquarius instrument being prepared for the Aquarius/SAC-D mission will provide global maps of sea surface salinity from space.
The instrument is a radiometer/radar combination. The radiometer is the primary science instrument and the scatterometer is
onboard to help correct for surface roughness, a primary source of error. This paper describes initial results of work to include the
scatterometer in a numerical simulator being developed for the instrument. Examples of the backscatter signal are presented.
15:00
F02.5 SODAR STUDIES OF COASTAL BOUNDARY LAYER CHARACTERISTICS
1
2
2
1
1
1 1
B. S. Gera , N. Gera , N. C. Gupta , J. Malik , G. Singh , V. K. Ojha ; National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India;
2
GGS Indraprastha University, Delhi, India
Sodar observations of coastal boundary layer of three regions are analyzed to examine evolution characteristics of internal thermal
boundary layer, land-sea breeze circulation Besides characterizing turbulent mixing processes such as onset, dissipation , depth of
sea/land breeze circulations of interest for environment impact assessment, new observations of thin oscillating elevated layers of
low frequency have been observed in lower atmospheric boundary layer in coastal region of Arabian sea, Indian ocean and also at
the Antarctica ocean. Wavy periods of about 24 hours and residence time of few days are seen. Observations need further planned
investigations through multi probing techniques.
32
15:20
F02.6 EFFECTS OF VEGETATION ON THE RETRIEVAL OF SNOW PARAMETERS FROM BACKSCATTERING
MEASUREMENTS AT THE X- AND KU-BANDS
1,2
2
2
3
4
5 1
2
M. Brogioni , G. Macelloni , S. Pettinato , H. Rott , D. Cline , H. Rebhan ; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Institute
3
4
of Applied Physics, Firenze, Italy; University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; NOAA-NOHRSC, Chanhassen, USA;
5
ESA-ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands
In preparation of the satellite mission CoReH2O of ESA, experimental and theoretical studies started in order to investigate
backscatter properties and improve the methods for retrieval of snow physical properties from SAR data. The aim of this paper is to
investigate the impact of vegetation in the retrieval of snow parameters from backscattering measurements at the X- and Ku-bands.
Vegetation types found in snow covered regions were identified using a global scale database. A model for simulating scattering
from a vegetated snow-covered terrain was developed and implemented. Lastly, a sensitivity analysis to vegetation parameters was
conducted.
15:40
Tea/Coffee Break
16:00
F02.7 EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING STUDIES OF MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY OF SNOW
M. T. Hallikainen, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland
Results from experimental and modeling studies of seasonal snow in Finland are reported. Tower-based radiometer measurements
at 1, 16.5 and 37 GHz, vertical and horizontal polarization, were conducted over an entire snow season in southern Finland.
Continuous measurements were carried out using an incidence angle of 50 degrees from nadir. Daily measurements were made at
incidence angles from 10 to 60 degrees using a 10-degree step. Ancillary data include regular snow parameters and, additionally,
transmission measurements of numerous homogeneous snow slabs taken from various depths at the test site. Selected results are
compared with theoretical emission models.
16:20
F02.8 SENSITIVITY OF MICROWAVE EMISSION TO SNOW PARAMETERS: A MODEL SIMULATION STUDY
1
1,2 1
2
M. Brogioni , P. Pampaloni ; Institute of Applied Physics IFAC-CNR, Firenze, Italy; Centro Telerilevamento a
Microonde CETEM, Firenze, Italy
Snow cover is an important component of the hydrological cycle and a key indicator of global warming. Microwave radiometry has
proved to be an important method to monitor this quantity. This work aims at investigating the sensitivity of microwave emission to
snow parameters by means of an advanced model called IRIDE (Ifac RadIative Dry snow Emission). The model is obtained by
properly coupling the Advanced Integral Equation Method and the Dense Media Radiative Transfer Theory under the QuasiCrystalline Approximation. In the implementing of the model several errors found in literature have been corrected.
16:40
F02.9 ULTRA-BROADBAND PORTABLE MICROWAVE FMCW RADARS FOR MEASURING SNOW DEPTH, SNOW
WATER EQUIVALENT, AND STRATIGRAPHY: PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS
1,2
2
3 1
2
H.-P. Marshall , G. Koh , M. Sturm ; University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States; Cold Regions
3
Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH, United States; Cold Regions Research and Engineering
Laboratory, Ft. Wainwright, AK, United States
The properties of seasonal snow and near surface polar firn can be measured using radars operating at the microwave frequencies,
as these frequencies offer an optimal combination of bandwidth and penetration required for snow studies. Because the velocity of
microwave signals in dry snow and firn is primarily controlled by density, wave travel times can be converted to snow depth, snow
water equivalent (SWE), and layer thickness, which are the main snow properties of interest in hydrologic and climatologic studies.
The accuracy with which depth, SWE, and layer thickness can be determined varies with environment and snow properties.
17:00
End of the Session
33
DENSITY PROFILING AND MODELS
Session Chairs: B Reinisch, B Zolesi, D Bilitza
Session
G02
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand E
13:40
G02.1 EMPIRICAL MODELING OF THE TOPSIDE AND PLASMASPHERE ELECTRON DENSITY PROFILES USING
IMAGE/RPI AND ISIS SOUNDER DATA
P. Nsumei, B. W. Reinisch, X. Huang, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States; D. Bilitza,
George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
Plasmasphere/polar cap density profiles from the IMAGE/RPI measurements and topside profiles from the ISIS topside sounders
are used to construct an empirical electron density profile model from hmF2 to several RE altitude. A vary-Chap function (αChapman function with continuously varying scale height) is used to describe the F2 topside profile that seamlessly connects the
ionosphere with the plasmasphere or polar cap magnetosphere. The Chapman scale height function H(h) is derived from the
measured ISIS profiles. H(h) varies only slowly with height near hmF2 and increases rapidly at the O+ to lightion transition height.
14:00
G02.2 AN ELECTRON DENSITY PROFILE MODEL FOR THE SOUTH AFRICAN IONOSPHERE
L.-A. McKinnell, Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, Hermanus, South Africa
The South African Bottomside Ionospheric Model (SABIM), which has been developed to provide a prediction tool for the South
African ionospheric electron density profile, is presented. All available data and neural networks have been used to predict the
parameters needed to construct an electron density profile for the given inputs (geographical latitude and longitude, year, day
number, and hour). Features of SABIM include its ability to predict the probability of F1 layer existence and provide an estimate of
the uncertainty on the predicted profile. Results from SABIM and applications of the model within the South African context will be
presented.
14:20
G02.3 LOCAL MODEL OF THE IONOSPHERIC PROFILE PARAMETERS BASED ON THE IRKUTSK DIGISONDE
DATA
A. V. Oinats, K. G. Ratovsky, A. V. Medvedev, Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
We present a local parametric model of the ionospheric height profile based on the Irkutsk digisonde data (52.3N, 104.3E). For
analytical description of the observational data, we use local quadratic B-splines for every year since 2003. Regression method is
used to take into account the influence of the solar activity variations on the ionosphere parameters. The use of the local B-splines
allows us to simplify the process of the new observational data adding. The electron density profile is constructed from the reduced
ionosphere parameters. We estimate the accuracy rating of model for descriptive and forecasting modes.
14:40
G02.4 SOLAR FLUX EFFECT ON THE REPRODUCIBILITY OF GLOBAL/LOCAL-TIME VARIATIONS OF ION
DENSITY STRUCTURE AT LOW-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE
S.-Y. Su, M. Q. Chen, C. K. Chao, National Central University, Chung-Li, China (SRS); C. H. Liu, Academia Sinica,
Taipei, China (SRS)
Longitudinal/seasonal (l/s) variations of ion density structures at the 600-km low-latitude ionosphere observed by ROCSAT-1
between two similar solar activity years of 2000 and 2002 are examined at four different local-time (LT) regions. The gross feature of
l/s density structure is almost identical to each other at the four LT regions examined. A complete reproducibility of density structure
can be assumed for identical solar flux input that is also confirmed with the simulation results of the TIEGCM model runs using the
observed solar flux inputs for various seasons.
15:00
G02.5 EFFECTIVE SUNSPOT NUMBER: A TOOL FOR IONOSPHERIC MAPPING AND MODELLING
B. Zolesi, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Roma, Italy; L. R. Cander, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory,
Chilton, UK; A. Belehaki, I. Tsagouri, National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece
Prediction of solar-induced effects for ionospheric propagation is an important subject of the solar-terrestrial studies. The effective
sunspot number R12eff is used as efficient estimator of solar activity effects in the F region. By several studies it is shown that
R12eff has considerable forecasting potential to specify both quiet and disturbed ionospheric conditions. We examine the role of
R12eff as a filter mechanism to correct the results given by a long-term prediction models under the real-time conditions.
Accordingly, an algorithm to overcome the consequences of such Reff dispersion in regional F region modelling is considered .
34
15:20
G02.6 AN ANALYSIS OF MID-LATITUDE STORM-TIME IONOSPHERIC PEAK PARAMETERS
1
2
1
3
3 1
D. Buresova , L.-A. McKinnell , T. Sindelarova , I. Blanco Alegre , B. A. De La Morena ; Institute of Atmospheric
2
Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Hermanus Magnetic
3
Observatory, Hermanus, South Africa; Ionospheric Observatory El Arenosillo, Mazagon, Huelva, Spain
This paper deals with the storm-time ionospheric peak parameters analysis for mid-latitudes. We analysed 65 geomagnetic storms
occurred at 1995-2006. The observed values were compared with those generated by the IRI2001 and global foF2 model. To
perform a detailed comparison between observations, medians and model-generated values the correlation coefficient, the NRMSE,
and the percentage improvement are calculated. Results show that the STORM model captures more effectively the negative
phases, while density enhancement and changeover of the different storm phases is reproduced worse. The STORM model
corrections are less efficient for lower-middle latitudes and severe storms.
15:40
Tea/Coffee Break
16:00
G02.7 IMPROVING THE INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE IONOSPHERE AT HIGH LATITUDES
D. Bilitza, George Mason University, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States; C. J. Mertens, NASA Langley Research
Center, Hampton, Virginia, United States; Z. Yongliang, L. J. Paxton, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, Maryland,
United States; B. W. Reinisch, University Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, United States
Being an empirical model, the development and improvement of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) depends on the
availability of reliable data well distributed in space and time. NASAs TIMED satellite has accumulated a wealth of information about
the thermosphere and ionosphere since science operations began in 2002. We will report about IRI-related modeling activities
based on data from two of the TIMED instruments, the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry
(SABER) and the Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI). We will also briefly review the current state of the high-latitude IRI and other
related modeling efforts.
16:20
G02.8 USING NEURAL NETWORK TO CONSTRUCT REGIONAL REFERENCE TOTAL ELECTRON CONTENT
MODEL
T. Maruyama, National institute of information and communications technology, Tokyo, Japan
A regional reference model of total electron content (TEC) was constructed using data from the GPS Earth Observation Network
(GEONET). The data covered almost one solar activity period. First, TECs were determined for 32 grid points expanding from 27 to
45N in latitude and 127 to 145E in longitude at 15-minute intervals. Secondly, the time-latitude variation of TEC was determined by
using the surface harmonic functional expansion. The coefficients of the expansion were then modeled by using a neural network
technique with input parameters of the season (day of the year) and solar activity indices.
16:40
G02.9 NON-LINEAR SYSTEM MODELLING APPLIED TO FORECASTING OF FOF2 AND TEC
Y. Tulunay, E. Tulunay, ODTU/METU Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
Forecasting the variabilty of the ionosphere is very important for the satisfactory planning, design and operation of communications
and radio systems. Ionospheric processes are highly non-linear and time-varying. Therefore mathematical modelling based on the
first physical principles is very difficult if not impossible. For such cases it was demonstrated that data driven models such as Neural
Network based models are very promising to be used in parallel with mathematical models. To demonstrate the accuracy of our
models forecasting, the ionospheric parameters foF2 and TEC are considered under the influence of the extreme solar events
17:00
G02.10 DIURNAL AND SEASONAL VARIABILITY OF D-REGION ELECTRON DENSITIES AT 69N
R. Latteck, W. Singer, Leibniz-Institut fuer Atmosphaerenphysik, Kuehlungsborn, Germany; M. Friedrich, Technical
University of Graz, Graz, Austria; M. Wakabayashi, Niihama National College of Technology, Niihama, Japan
D-region electron densities are estimated using a narrow beam MF Doppler radar. The radar is located near Andenes (69.3N, 16.0E)
and operates at 3.17 MHz. Height profiles of electron density are obtained from differential absorption and differential phase
measurements between 55 km and 90 km (time resolution: 9 minutes, height resolution: 1 km). The diurnal and seasonal variability
of electron densities and their response to solar activity storms and geomagnetic disturbances are discussed. The radar results are
compared with rocket-borne radio wave propagation experiments. Insitu and ground-based measurements are in good agreement.
17:20
End of the Session
35
OBSERVATIONS OF WAVES AND COHERENT STRUCTURES IN SPACE PLASMAS
Session Chairs: Ondrej Santolik, Jolene Pickett
Session
H02
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand F
13:40
H02.1 THE EARTH'S MAGNETOSPHERE AS A CYCLOTRON MASER: DEDICATION TO V. YU. TRAKHTENGERTS
A. G. Demekhov, Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
Pioneering work of Professor Victor Trakhtengerts who passed away in December 2007 is reviewed. He developed the deep
physical analogy between the wave generation in space plasmas and in laboratory lasers and masers and fruitfully applied it to the
theory of wave processes in the Earth's magnetosphere. On this basis, self-consistent models of many types of natural whistlermode and ion-cyclotron electromagnetic emissions arising from resonant wave-particle interactions were elaborated. They explain
quasi-stationary and quasi-periodic emissions, quantify the wave effects on radiation belts, and elucidate the origin of coherent
waveforms under natural conditions.
14:00
H02.2 NUMERICAL MODELLING OF VLF CHORUS OBSERVED ON CLUSTER USING A VLASOV HYBRID
SIMULATION CODE
D. Nunn, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; O. Santolik, Charles University, Prague, Czech
Republic; M. J. Rycroft, Caesar Consulting, Cambridge, UK
This work starts from VLF chorus events observed on CLUSTER and models them in detail using a 1D, fully self consistent and non
linear Vlasov Hybrid Simulation code. Using L shell, cold plasma density and wave amplitude data observed chorus events are
closely modelled. In particular observed sweep rates, varying from ~10kHz/s at low densities to ~ 1kHz/s at high densities are
faithfully reproduced. Each chorus element is viewed as a separate emission, element spacing being controled by the nonlinear
quietband effect. The main conclusion is that strong nonlinear electron trapping is indeed the underlying mechanism for chorus
generation
14:20
H02.3 CRITICAL POINTS IN THE APPLICATIONS OF GEOMETRICAL OPTICS TO NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF
LIGHTNING-RELATED SPECTROGRAMS
D. R. Shklyar, Space Research Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation; J. Chum,
F. Jiricek, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
Numerical simulation of VLF spectrograms related to lightning strokes using geometrical optics as the main tool is becoming a new
line in whistler studies. The main steps in these simulations are: wave field expansion into geometrical optics wave packets in an
inhomogeneous medium; construction of frequency-time plots on spectrograms, i.e. finite-width curves on which the spectral
intensity differs from zero; determining the time-dependent spectral amplitude as a function of frequency and time from the wave
packet amplitude, with the account of its evolution in space and time. These and related questions are discussed in this report.
14:40
H02.4 A REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OBTAINED WITH THE S/WAVES EXPERIMENT ON THE STEREO
MISSION
1
2
3
4
1 1
2
M. Maksimovic , K. Goetz , S. D. Bale , M. L. Kaiser , J.-L. Bougeret ; LESIA & CNRS, Meudon, France; School of
3
Physics and Astronomy, Minneapolis, USA; Department of Physics and Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, USA;
4
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, USA
We present review of the scientific results obtained with the S/WAVES experiment on the Stereo mission. The S/Waves instrument
provides comprehensive measurements of the three components of the electric field from a fraction of a Hertz up to 16 MHz, plus a
single frequency channel near 30 MHz. Although the scientific objectives concern mainly remote observation and measurement of
energetic phenomena throughout the 3-D heliosphere that are associated with the CMEs and with solar flare phenomena, we will
present preliminary results of broader interest.
15:00
H02.5 SOLAR MODES IN THE HELIOSPHERE
D. J. Thomson, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; L. J. Lanzerotti, New Jersey Institute of Technology,
Newark, NJ, USA; C. G. Maclennan, Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, USA
Fluctuations in interplanetary magnetic fields and particle fluxes are largely driven by the normal modes of the Sun. We examine
propagation between the ACE and Ulysses spacecraft using both magnetic fields and spherical harmonic coefficients of electron
fluxes from the EPAM and HISCALE instruments. There are typically four families of propagating modes, whose orientations appear
to be determined by the Parker spiral. The different orbits of the two spacecraft are used to help identify modes. Time series of
slopes of the background spectrum using short, overlapping blocks also show systematic variations.
36
15:20
H02.6 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NARROWBAND AKR FEATURES, COHERENT STRUCTURES, AND
WAVES
R. L. Mutel, I. W. Christopher, T. R. Jaeger, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
Narrowband drifting features seen in AKR dynamical spectra have been attributed to enhanced CMI growth rate caused by solitary
structures or waves moving along magnetic field lines in the upward current region. These structures have been variously identified
as electron holes, ion holes, tri-polar structures, and EMIC waves. I will review the evidence for and against each of these
hypotheses. I will also discuss how observations of AKR emission can provide a unique remote probe of the properties of solitary
structures, including their speeds, sizes, occurrence rates, and lifetimes.
15:40
Tea/Coffee Break
16:00
H02.7 PROPAGATION OF ALFVEN WAVES THROUGH AURORAL DENSITY CAVITIES
R. L. Lysak, Y. Song, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
The auroral zone contains density cavities on a variety of scales. Such cavities modify the Alfven speed and thus change the
propagation characteristics of Alfven waves through this region. These cavities can support normal modes of the plasma that give
discrete wave structures in this region. Numerical simulation shows that Alfven waves can be trapped in such cavities and that
parallel electric fields form on the cavity boundaries. Simulations also can verify the Alfven wave dispersion relation in this region,
indicating that the perpendicular group velocity and phase velocity are in opposite directions.
16:20
H02.8 ION ACOUSTIC AND ELECTRON ACOUSTIC SOLITONS IN MULTI-COMPONENT SPACE PLASMAS
1
1
1
2,3 1
A. P. Kakad , S. V. Singh , G. S. Lakhina , F. Verheest ; Indian Institute Of Geomagentism, New Panvel, Navi
2
3
Mumbai, India; Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Universiteit Gent,, Krijgslaan, Gent, Belgium; School of Physics,
University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Properties of ion- and electron- acoustic solitons are investigated in an unmagnetized multi-component plasma system consisting of
cold and hot electrons and hot ions using Sagdeev pseudo-potential technique. The analysis is based on fluid equations and the
Poisson equation. The critical Mach numbers for the ion-acoustic solitons are found to be smaller than those for electron acoustic
solitons for a given set of plasma parameters. Possible applications of this model to the electrostatic solitary structures observed in
different regions of the Earths magnetosphere by several spacecraft observed will be discussed.
16:40
H02.9 VELOCITY-SPACE SHEAR AND "NOTCH" INSTABILITY AS SOURCE FOR WEAK BIPOLAR STRUCTURES
IN SPACE PLASMAS
D. L. Newman, M. V. Goldman, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
A recent theoretical model for shallow electron phase-space holes with weak bipolar fields [Goldman et al., PRL, 99, 145002 (2007)]
was able to account for features of weak bipolar fields measured by Polar in Earth's cusp [Franz et al, JGR, 110, A09212 (2005)].
Vlasov simulations show that a spatially local perturbation undergoes velocity-space shear resulting in a "velocity notch" that grows
narrower with time until it crosses an instability threshold. The unstable waves saturate by forming numerous shallow electron
phase-space holes. The resulting bipolar structures are compared with the aforementioned theory and observation.
17:00
H02.10 NARROWBAND RADIO EMISSIONS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO DYNAMIC FEATURES IN SATURN'S
MAGNETOSPHERE
Z. Wang, D. A. Gurnett, W. S. Kurth, S. Ye, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; D. G. Mitchell,
J. F. Carbary, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States; J. S. Leisner, C. T. Russell, UCLA, Los
Angeles, CA, United States
The Cassini Radio and Plasma Wave Science instrument often detects narrowband radio emissions from the inner region of
Saturn's magnetosphere. Anisotropic electrons associated with transient rotating hot plasma clouds detected by the MIMI/INCA
instrument during these same periods are believed to the source for these radio emissions. The two phenomena are well correlated
with respect to periodicity, intensity, and radial distance. In this study we compare the rotating plasma observations with radio
direction finding measurements of the narrowband radio emissions, and investigate the relationship of these phenomena to
magnetically disturbed periods detected by the Cassini magnetometer.
17:20
End of the Session
37
APERTURE AND FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS IN RADIO ASTRONOMY
Session Chair: Bruce Veidt
Session
J02
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand A
13:40
J02.1 A K-BAND SPECTROSCOPIC FOCAL PLANE ARRAY FOR THE ROBERT C. BYRD GREEN BANK RADIO
TELESCOPE
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
2
M. Morgan , S. White , J. Lockman , E. Bryerton , K. Saini , R. Norrod , B. Simon , S. Srikanth , G. Anderson ,
2 1
2
D. Pisano ; National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA, United States; National Radio Astronomy
Observatory, Green Bank, WV, United States
This paper presents the design of a K-Band Focal Plane Array for the Green Bank Telescope. The prototype array will go online with
7 independent dual-polarized beams, but the design target is a fully-populated instrument with approximately 60 beams on the sky.
This project presents a number of technical challenges, including the architecture of a cryostat capable of supporting 60
independent receivers, design of high-performance components that fit behind the aperture of a compact feedhorn, and stable
transmission of the large-volume of receiver data from the telescope to a remote building for back-end processing.
14:00
J02.2 FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS EVOLVE
W. A. van Cappellen, J. G. Bij de Vaate, M. V. Ivashina, L. Bakker, T. Oosterloo, ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands
The application of Focal Plane Arrays (FPAs) aims to increase the survey speed of radio telescopes. Each compound FPA beam is
established as the weighted sum of multiple FPA elements. In this paper it is identified that the compound FPA beams depend on
the (relative) gain variations of the individual receiver channels. This is complicating compared to reflector systems with one horn
per beam. It is also argued that the LNA design of array systems needs to be more robust against variations of source impedance.
Finally, demonstrators to experimentally verify the performance of FPAs are presented with their initial results.
14:20
J02.3 PHASED ARRAY FEED DEVELOPMENT FOR THE AUSTRALIAN SKA PATHFINDER
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
J. D. O'Sullivan , F. Cooray , C. Granet , R. Gough , S. Hay , D. Hayman , M. Kesteven , J. Kot , A. Grancea ,
2 1
2
R. Shaw ; CSIRO, ATNF, Epping, NSW, Australia; CSIRO, ICT Centre, Epping, NSW, Australia
The ASKAP telescope project is aimed at proving the use of phased array feeds with reflectors as a key means to achievement of
the Square Kilometre Array goals of large collecting area and wide simultaneous field of view. The presentation is an overview and
update of the project. A self complementary array design with an approach that combines modelling of the array and reflector
electromagnetic behaviour in a co-design with the LNA with confirmation by measurement. Measurements and predicted
performance of the phased array alone and as feed for a parabolic reflector with digital beamforming and correlation are reported.
14:40
J02.4 BYU/NRAO 19-ELEMENT PHASED ARRAY FEED MODELING AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
K. F. Warnick, B. D. Jeffs, J. Landon, J. Waldron, D. Jones, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United
States; R. Fisher, R. Norrod, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Green Bank, WV, United States
We report results for an experimental 19-element L-band phased array feed which was installed on the Green Bank 20-Meter
Telescope in October 2007 to measure sensitivity and efficiency and demonstrate signal processing algorithms for array calibration,
multiple beam formation, and adaptive spatial filtering algorithms for interference mitigation.
15:00
J02.5 OPTIMIZING PHASED ARRAY FEEDS TO REDUCE ELEVATION-DEPENDENT SPILLOVER NOISE IN RADIO
TELESCOPES
M. J. Elmer, J. Landon, B. D. Jeffs, K. F. Warnick, J. Waldron, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United
States; J. R. Fisher, R. D. Norrod, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA, United States
Spillover noise from the warm ground surrounding a reflector dish is a major contributor to the overall system temperature of radio
telescopes. Tipping a reflector dish from zenith toward the horizon reduces this effect over a certain elevation range. We have
developed a numerical model of this effect for noise received by a phased array feed (PAF) and compared results to data collected
during recent experiments at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory with a 19 element PAF. Results show that adaptive
beamforming results in a reduction in spillover noise as the reflector dish is tipped (compared to fixed horn feeds).
38
15:20
J02.6 CALIBRATION OF PHASED ARRAY FEEDS
M. A. Voronkov, T. J. Cornwell, CSIRO, Marsfield, NSW, Australia
The Australia Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) is one of the key technology demonstrators on the way to the Square
Kilometre Array (SKA). The main feature of the project is the development of the Phased Array Feed (PAF) technology to boost the
instantaneous field of view. We consider a non-adaptive (weights are constant) beamforming and put emphasis on the calibration of
the PAF. It is shown that for a typical sky brightness distribution, a small number of synthetic beams, perhaps an order of magnitude
smaller than the number of physical feeds, contains the most of information.
15:40
Tea/Coffee Break
16:00
J02.7 LWA STATION DESIGN
S. Ellingson, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States; N. Kassim, Naval
Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States
The Long Wavelength Array (LWA; http://lwa.unm.edu) will be a new aperture synthesis radio telescope for high angular resolution
exploration of the 20-80 MHz frequency range. LWA will consist of tens of electronically-steered phased array stations, each
consisting of hundreds of pairs of dipole-like antennas. In this talk, we present the current state of the station design, including the
broadband active antenna elements, array geometry, RF processing, and per-antenna digitization. Recent technical information is
always available via the LWA memo series, http://www.phys.unm.edu/~lwa/memos.
16:20
J02.8 THE CURRENT DESIGN OF THE LOFAR INSTRUMENT
A. W. Gunst, M. J. Bentum, ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands
In the Netherlands the roll out is started of the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR). LOFAR is fully based on phased array principals.
This gives LOFAR the ability to operate in multiple directions simultaneously. The LOFAR instrument is designed such that it is
easily scalable. This turned out to be very useful, since the initial amount of stations is less than intended. To minimize the science
impact as much as possible the LOFAR instrument is partly redefined. In this paper is discussed how the scalability of LOFAR is
used for this optimization process. Furthermore, the current design and status is overviewed.
16:40
J02.9 DESIGN OF AN APERTURE PHASED ARRAY SYSTEM FOR THE SKA
1
2
3
2
4
5 1
A. J. Faulkner , P. Alexander , M. E. Jones , R. Bolton , A. van Ardenne , S. Torchinsky ; The University of
2
3
Manchester, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Oxford
4
5
University, Oxford, United Kingdom; ASTRON, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands; Observatoire de Paris, Paris, France
Aperture phased arrays operating up to 1 GHz are highly flexible collector systems, uniquely capable of performing an HI survey of
a billion galaxies and observating the Epoch of Reionisation, both Key Science Programmes for the Square Kilometer Array. High
performance arrays are becoming feasible in the SKA timescales due to technological advances in array design, low noise amplifier
implementations, and increased processing and communications speed. We discuss the scientific benefits of an aperture array
system operating from 70 MHz to 1,000 MHz, using sparse and dense arrays and show their implementation as part of the SKA is
achievable.
17:00
J02.10 TOWARDS COMPLETION OF APERTURE ARRAY DEVELOPMENTS - EMBRACE UPDATE
P. D. Patel, D. W. Kant, E. V. D. Wal, A. V. Ardenne, ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands
Square Kilometre Array Design Study (SKADS) is a European Commission sponsored project under the Sixth Framework (FP6)
research programme, with a series of strategic Design Studies (DS) including both feasibility studies and technical preparatory work.
One of the Design Studies is concerned with the design and development of an European SKA demonstrator based on the phased
array concept known as Electronic Multi-Beam Radio Astronomy ConcEpt (EMBRACE). We are approaching the completion of a
pre-production tile from which we will duplicate the required 300 tiles for EMBRACE. During the presentation, a detailed EMBRACE
design to - date, will be presented.
17:20
End of the Session
39
BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS: MICROWAVE BREAST IMAGING
Session Chairs: Joe LoVetri, Susan Hagness
Session
KBE
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus KL
13:40
KBE.1 VISIBILITY OF BREAST MALIGNANCY BY MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY: PRELIMINARY RESULTS ON A
REAL ANTENNA
I. Santina, Universita di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
In microwave radiometry for early detection of breast malignancy a contacting antenna is scanned on the breast surface, while a
pressure is exercised along with a deformation. Assuming the antenna at lower temperature than the breast, the results of numerical
modeling show an interesting increase in tumor radiometric visibility in compressed breast. Both an ideal aperture antenna and a
realistic patch antenna have been modeled. It is shown that the improvement in visibility due to compression, which is 40% for the
ideal aperture, is 20% for the patch antenna.
14:00
KBE.2 ON THE USE OF A PRIORI DATA IN MICROWAVE TOMOGRAPHY
A. Fhager, C.-C. Chen, M. Persson, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
An iterative electromagnetic time-domain inversion algorithm is described and modified to include a priori data of the shape and
dielectric properties of an object being imaged. The algorithm is based on solving the regular and the adjoint Maxwells equations in
order to compute gradients, which are used to update the dielectric profile with the conjugate-gradient method. As an alternative a
global optimization algorithm, the particle swarm optimization method, has also been investigated. The results show that by
exploiting a priori dielectric data in this way a significant improvement in the resolving ability can be obtained.
14:20
KBE.3 THREE-DIMENSIONAL MICROWAVE BREAST IMAGING: A BOUNDED, MULTI-FREQUENCY INVERSE
SCATTERING SOLUTION ON A UNIFORM VOXEL MESH
1
1,2
1
1 1
J. D. Shea , P. Kosmas , S. C. Hagness , B. D. Van Veen ; University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United
2
States; Kings College London, Strand, London, United Kingdom
Three-dimensional inverse scattering solutions for wideband microwave imaging of the breast are often limited by the computational
complexity of the problem. We present a computationally tractable inverse scattering solution for a high-resolution discretization of
the breast interior. Our technique is demonstrated by its application to an anatomically realistic numerical breast phantom, and the
computational efficiency of the approach is detailed. We also show that unconstrained techniques of dielectric profile estimation are
vulnerable to violation of physical bounds. A method of integrating bound constraints into the inversion algorithm is implemented and
comparative results are presented.
14:40
KBE.4 QUANTITATIVE MICROWAVE BREAST PHANTOM IMAGING USING A PLANAR 2.45 GHZ SYSTEM
1,2
1
1
1
1
1 1
T. Gunnarsson , N. Joachimowicz , A. Joisel , C. Conessa , A. Diet , J.-C. Bolomey ; Laboratoire des Signaux et
2
Systmes, SUPLEC, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France; Malardalen University, Vasteras, Sweden
Breast cancer is by far the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women globally, demanding cheep and effective alternative
diagnosis methods to minimize the mortality. The experimental study presented in this paper is performed in context of an ongoing
collaborative project towards a future alternative planar three-dimensional microwave mammography system. Herein the first
quantitative images of an inhomogeneous object using experimental data from the existing planar 2.45 GHz microwave camera are
presented. From the images it is possible to quantitatively determine and locate a tumor inside a breast phantom, composed by
different Triton X- 100, water and salt mixtures.
15:00
KBE.5 DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT FOR MICROWAVE BREAST CANCER
DETECTION: NUMERICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF MICROBUBBLE CONTRAST AGENTS
M. Lazebnik, S. C. Hagness, J. H. Booske, University of Wisconsin -- Madison, Madison, WI, United States
The physical basis for microwave breast cancer detection is the dielectric-properties contrast between malignant and normal breast
tissue. The Wisconsin-Calgary study showed that this contrast is as high as 10:1 in fatty breast tissue but no more than 10% in
fibroglandular tissue. We are investigating the feasibility of air-filled microbubbles as contrast agents for enhancing the malignant-tonormal dielectric contrast. Our initial numerical studies suggest that the presence of moderate volume fractions of microbubbles
reduces the effective dielectric properties of the tumor by as much as 30%, potentially improving detection efficacy via differential
imaging.
40
15:20
KBE.6 IMAGING THE BREAST WITH MICROWAVES: THE DARTMOUTH EXPERIENCE
K. D. Paulsen, P. M. Meaney, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States; S. P. Poplack, Dartmouth Hitchcock
Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
Our microwave imaging experience in women with normal and abnormal mammography indicates that the asymptomatic breast has
electrical properties that are not only heterogeneous but also much higher than reported in earlier tissue specimen studies. Results
involving more than 130 women with breast abnormalities as well as normal mammography show the image contrast for cancer was
2:1 on average in electrical conductivity and 1.2:1 in relative permittivity. Thus, we have found some encouraging evidence for
image contrast in cancer based on spatial discrimination of tissue electrical properties in the microwave range on the 10 mm scale.
15:40
Tea/Coffee Break
16:00
KBE.7 TUMOR RESPONSE ESTIMATION ALGORITHM FOR RADAR-BASED MICROWAVE BREAST CANCER
DETECTION
D. J. Kurrant, J. Sill, E. C. Fear, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
A considerable challenge for the successful implementation of the radar-based breast cancer detection techniques is the reduction
of clutter. In this paper, a previously proposed clutter reduction algorithm is modified and applied to numerical data generated with
realistic breast models. Its ability to estimate a tumor response contained in the data for these more complex cases is demonstrated.
16:20
KBE.8 A COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO ALGORITHMS FOR MICROWAVE BREAST CANCER DETECTION
S. M. Salvador, G. Vecchi, G. Pagana, C. Cacciatore, R. Maggiora, E. A. Attardo, Politecnico di Torino, TORINO,
Italy
Microwave imaging has grown in recent years as a promising technique for breast cancer detection. Its physical principle exploits
the different characteristics of normal and tumoral breast tissues when exposed to an incident electromagnetic field at microwave
frequencies. In this communication we deal with the radar-based method for cancer detection. We present the comparison between
two different algorithms, tested on experimental data. The breast phantom is constructed with different materials, with characteristics
similar to the tumor or simulating normal breast tissue. The obtained results are shown, focusing on post processing techniques
used to detect the tumor.
16:40
KBE.9 IMPROVED MICROWAVE TOMOGRAPHY USING RESONANT ENCLOSURES
C. Gilmore, J. LoVetri, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
We consider the microwave tomography problem when scatterer is surrounded by an electrically conducting surface. For the 2D TM
case and where the surface consists of a circular PEC cylinder, we formulate an appropriate Greens function. We utilize this Greens
function in the Multiplicative-Regularized Contrast Source Inversion (MR-CSI) method. Several different 2D examples are used to
show that the performance of the inversion when the PEC surface is present is significantly improved. We also show that the use of
the PEC cylinder is applicable to physical tomographic systems by simulating a realistic 3D tomographic system.
17:00
KBE.10 A CONTRAST SOURCE INVERSION METHOD USING A FINITE-DIFFERENCE SOLVER FOR
MICROWAVE IMAGING APPLICATIONS
1
1
2
1 1
A. Abubakar , W. Hu , P. M. van den Berg , T. M. Habashy ; Schlumberger-Doll Research, Cambridge, MA, United
2
States; Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
A contrast source inversion method based on a differential equation approach is discussed. Similar to the traditional global contrast
source method, using the integral equation approach, it aims to reconstruct an unknown inhomogeneous object from scattered field
data. Analogous to the original method, the unknown contrast source and the unknown contrast are updated alternately to
reconstruct the profile iteratively. However, this new algorithm is based on finite-difference frequency domain method incorporated
with a PML absorbing boundary condition. This feature makes this algorithm more versatile than the traditional contrast source
inversion method, enabling the use of an inhomogeneous background medium.
17:20
End of the Session
41
URSI GA – Oral Presentations y Tuesday, August 12, 2008
TIME SCALES AND TIME DISSEMINATION
Session Chair: Demetrios Matsakis
Session
A02
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Tuesday, August 12, 08:00-10:00
Room
Columbus IJ
08:00
A02.1 IMPROVEMENT OF UNCERTAINTY OF TIME TRANSFER BETWEEN NPLI AND EUROPE VIA GPS
COMMON VIEW
S. Sharma, P. Banerjee, A. Chaterjee, A. K. Suri, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi-110012, India
NPLI contributes to the generation of TAI coordinated by BIPM through GPS network. Recently NPLI has made some special efforts
to improve the uncertainty of time link between UTC (NPLI) and that of Europe. Two multi-channel receivers recently procured are
already in use for GPS-Common View in this connection. A special experiment in a campaign mode with these receivers has also
been conducted to identify major sources of errors at NPLI and take remedial measures accordingly. This paper describes these
studies and presents the analysis of these observations.
08:20
A02.2 PRECISE POINT POSITIONING FOR TIMING
G. Cerretto, INRiM (Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica), Torino, Italy; F. Lahaye, NRCan (Natural Resources
Canada), Ottawa, Canada; N. Guyennon, Freelance Engineer, Torino, Italy
A processing method called Precise Point Positioning (PPP) is in use in the geodetic community allowing precise recovery of GPS
antenna position, clock phase and atmospheric delays for GPS geodetic receivers which are not part of the IGS network, by taking
advantage of IGS precise products without ensuring the effort of a formal belonging to the IGS federation. This article reports on the
results of a collaborative work performed at INRiM in Turin, Italy, and at the NRCan in Ottawa, to assess the time transfer potential
of Precise Point Positioning.
08:40
A02.3 PRECISION OPTICAL CARRIER TRANSMISSION OVER 110KM
M. Musha, K. Nakagawa, K.-I. Ueda, University of electro-communications, Tokyo, Japan; F.-L. Hong, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
Optical carrier frequency at 1.5µm was transmitted over 110km through round-trip fiber network (JGNII) between Tsukuba and
Kashiwa, in which all the delivering fibers were installed in urban environment. Additional phase noise of the optical carrier caused
by the fiber length fluctuations was detected by using phase-frequency discriminator (PFD), and was suppressed by controlling fiber
stretcher and acousto-optic modulator (AOM). The residual frequency instability due to the fiber length fluctuation was reduced
down to 1.5x10-15 at the averaging time of 1s.
09:00
A02.4 SPACE-TIME STANDARDS AND RELATIVISTIC EFFECTS
M. Hosokawa, NICT, Tokyo, Japan
Recent precision on the space-time measurement is high enough to detect various relativistic effects. Sometime we should be
careful to correct the effects in obtaining what we want to measure. Sometime the measurements of the effects open up new ways
to the fundamental science. In this paper, we review some of the examples of such relativistic effects, and show some applications
of these effects such as gravitational deflection and Shapiro delay. These examples show us that there are possible new limit to the
accuracy of the timescales or reference frame.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
A02.5 TIME AND FREQUENCY UPGRADES AT THE U.S. NAVAL OBSERVATORY (USNO)
D. Matsakis, --US Naval Observatory, Washington, DC, United States
The USNOs Master Clock serves as the timing reference for GPS, and is also taking on a growing number of other roles which
require guaranteed precision at the ns and ns/day level. Therefore, our electronic timing and time-transfer infrastructure is being
improved, and rubidium-based fountains are being developed, as are timescale and clock steering algorithms that make full use of
the USNOs ensemble of high-performance cesium and cavity-tuned hydrogen maser frequency standards. This paper will present
the current state of these improvements, and describe the success of initial implementations.
10:00
End of the Session
42
ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY
Session Chairs: Gerhard Kristensson, Ben Steinberg
Session
B01
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand B
08:00
B01.1 DISCRETE ELECTRODYNAMICS: POTENTIALS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
J. M. Arnold, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
A general mathematical framework for the computational modelling of electromagnetic fields interacting with arbitrary quantumelectronic systems is described. The discretisation of space and time are fundamental to the model, and the quantum-electronic
systems with which the fields interact are taken to be discretised at each spatial mesh point. Maxwell equations are formulated on
the discrete space using exact potentials and discrete forms of Stokes' Theorem. The entire scheme is a finite-difference timedomain Maxwell-Bloch system (FDTD-MB) for potentials, with discrete exterior calculus as the fundamental mathematical language.
08:20
B01.2 FINITE SCALE HOMOGENIZATION OF CHIRAL MEDIA
D. Sjoberg, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Isotropic chiral media can be modeled in many ways. We use an unbiased homogenization technique to compute effective material
parameters for a composite material with microstructure consisting of spirals, and then compare the results with three models:
Tellegen, Post, and Drude-Born-Fedorov. Only the DBF model can fit the data, but requires a modification, so that the influence of
the curl of the fields is different for the electric and the magnetic field, respectively.
08:40
B01.3 PHYSICAL BOUNDS AND SUMMATION RULES IN ANTENNA THEORY
M. Gustafsson, C. Sohl, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
The objective of this paper is to present three approaches to derive physical bounds on antennas that are solely based on the
assumptions of linearity, time-translational invariance, causality, and reciprocity. These assumptions are utilized in the forward,
partial-wave, and transmission line scattering settings to construct various Herglotz functions from which summation rules and
associated physical bounds are derived.
09:00
B01.4 A GENERAL APPROACH FOR DERIVING BOUNDS IN ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY
C. Sohl, M. Gustafsson, G. Kristensson, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; S. Nordebo, Vaxjo University, Vaxjo,
Sweden
This paper reports on a systematic procedure for deriving physical bounds in electromagnetic theory. The approach is based on the
holomorphic properties of certain Herglotz functions and their asymptotic expansions in the low- and high-frequency regimes. A
family of integral identities or summation rules is obtained with values governed by the coefficients in the low- and high-frequency
expansions. In particular, summation rules for plane-wave scattering by a homogenous and isotropic sphere is derived and verified
numerically by computing the extinction cross section and the bistatic radar cross section in the forward direction.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
B01.5 ROBUST NUMERICAL METHODS FOR DIFFRACTION FROM RESONANT CAVITY-BACKED APERTURES
OF GENERAL FORM
P. D. Smith, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Cavity-backed apertures have strongly resonant features that can present difficulties in accuracy and computational cost for general
purpose numerical codes. This paper presents a method of analytically regularising the underlying integral equation governing
diffraction from the structure, so that a well-conditioned system of equations is obtained. It applies to axisymmetric bodies, and
examples confirm that the condition number of the resultant system is well controlled even near resonant frequencies, and that
solutions of guaranteed accuracy can be efficiently obtained.
43
10:00
B01.6 OVERVIEW OF THEORY AND APPLICATIONS OF EPSILON-NEAR-ZERO MATERIALS
1,2
1
1
1 1
M. Silveirinha , A. Alu , B. Edwards , N. Engheta ; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States;
2
University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Materials with unconventional values of permittivity or permeability have been the object of intense research in the last few years.
Our research group has been particularly interested in materials characterized by a low permittivity. Our studies reveal that these
epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials may enable remarkable phenomena and effects. Additionally, they may have interesting
applications in several seemingly diverse problems, like squeezing electromagnetic energy through very narrow channels, design of
matched zero-index materials, and shaping the radiation pattern of an antenna. In this talk, we will describe the results of our ongoing research in these topics.
10:20
B01.7 THE ELECTRODYNAMICS OF ROTATING SLOW-LIGHT WAVEGUIDES WITH STRUCTURAL DISORDER:
OPTICAL GYROSCOPES, DEGENERACY SPLITTING, AND THE CREATION OF A DEAD-ZONE
B. Z. Steinberg, J. Scheuer, School of EE, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
The effect of structural disorder on the electrodynamics of slowly and rigidly rotating coupled resonators circular waveguide is
studied, in the rotating system rest-frame. When stationary and ideal, this waveguide supports degenerate modes. It is shown that
slow rigid rotation as well as structural disorder can be viewed as two competing symmetry-breaking events. Hence both cause
splitting of mode degeneracy. The system can be used as a gyroscope as long as the symmetry breaking due to rotation is stronger
than that due to disorder. This causes a creation of a dead-zone in the gyroscope operation curve.
10:40
B01.8 STABILITY AND CAUSALITY OF EFFECTIVE MATERIAL PARAMETERS FOR BIASED FERROMAGNETIC
MATERIALS
D. Sjoberg, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; J. Ramprecht, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm,
Sweden; N. Wellander, Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Linkoping, Sweden
We show that the small signal permeability derived from a linearization of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation describing a
ferromagnetic particle is unstable. Stability is recovered when the field external to the particle is considered as input signal. When
calculating the effective permeability of a composite material, consisting of aligned, biased single domain particles, the result is a
stable, and hence causal, material.
11:00
B01.9 ON ELECTROMAGNETIC CLOAKING - GENERAL PRINCIPLES, PROBLEMS AND RECENT ADVANCES
USING THE TRANSMISSION-LINE APPROACH
P. Alitalo, S. Tretyakov, TKK Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland
The subject of electromagnetic cloaking has aroused a huge amount of interest in the recent literature. In this presentation, we
discuss various methods suggested for cloaking and present their general principles and problems. One of the main problems,
namely, the propagation velocity of energy in some recently proposed cloak designs, is addressed. Focus is given especially on a
recent approach to wide-band cloaking in the microwave region, based on the use of networks of transmission lines. The feasibility
of this approach and full-wave simulation results for two example cloaks are presented and discussed.
11:20
B01.10 DIFFRACTION BY A TERMINATED, SEMI-INFINITE PARALLEL-PLATE WAVEGUIDE WITH FOUR-LAYER
MATERIAL LOADING: THE CASE OF H POLARIZATION
E. Shang, K. Kobayashi, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
The diffraction by a terminated, semi-infinite parallel-plate waveguide with four-layer material loading is rigorously analyzed for the
H-polarized plane wave incidence using the Wiener-Hopf technique. Introducing the Fourier transform for the unknown scattered
field and applying boundary conditions in the transform domain, the problem is formulated in terms of the simultaneous Wiener-Hopf
equations. The Wiener-Hopf equations are solved exactly via the factorization and decomposition procedure together with the use of
the edge condition. Representative numerical examples on the RCS are presented and the far field backscattering characteristics of
the waveguide are discussed.
11:40
B01.11 USER-FRIENDLY BROADBAND CALCULATOR OF ELECTROMAGNETIC GREENS FUNCTIONS IN
LAYERED MEDIA
V. N. Kourkoulos, A. C. Cangellaris, University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, Illinois, United States
Modifications to a rational function fitting methodology are proposed for the derivation of closed-form expressions for
electromagnetic Greens functions in planar layered media. The rational function fitting methodology relies on the separation of the
spectrum of the Greens function into the quasi-static part, and the dynamic part. The modifications presented are aimed at
improving the rigor of the process used for the extraction of the images that define the quasi-static part, and at enhancing the
rational function fitting process in a manner that improves its efficiency and makes its application more automated and user friendly.
12:00
End of the Session
44
MULTI-ANTENNA SYSTEMS
Session Chairs: Marco Chiani, Buon Kiong Lau
Session
C03
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus GH
08:00
C03.1 HUMAN BODY EFFECTS OF BROWSING HANDSET MIMO ANTENNAS IN INCIDENT WAVES WITH A
SMALL ANGULAR SPREAD
K. Ogawa, A. Yamamoto, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Ltd., Kadoma City, Osaka, Japan; T. Hayashi, Panasonic
Mobile Communications, Yokosuka City, Kanagawa, Japan
The channel characterization of handset MIMO antennas in a browsing position has been studied in a propagation environment with
a narrow angular power spectrum (APS), such as a street Microcell. We have attempted to make an analytical approach to clarify
how a MIMO antenna oriented in a browsing position functions in a street Microcell environment, with regard to a variety of angular
spreads and handset configurations. The study shows that, in a Microcell environment, the channel capacity changes periodically
with varying the handset-human body distance due to changes in received power.
08:20
C03.2 A PORTABLE MIMO ANTENNA SYSTEM
U. Navsariwala, M. Karam, N. E. Buris, Motorola, Schaumburg, IL, United States
The advent of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems for broadband applications has resulted in an increased need to find
ways to incorporate this technology into a variety of products for the applications at hand. In this paper, a two antenna MIMO system
is described for a compact, external card product featuring a USB connector. The performance of the antenna system is assessed
via the statistical behavior of the maximum capacity and data rate that can be obtained in a certain propagation environments, in
various orientation cases and under adaptive modulation and coding (AMC).
08:40
C03.3 IMPACT OF CONCENTRATED AZIMUTH POWER SPECTRUM FOR PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF
USER TERMINAL ARRAY ANTENNA
J.-I. Takada, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
In the previous study, the author has proposed a simplified propagation modeling and a performance evaluation scheme of MIMO
antennas, which utlizes the ideal base-station antenna configuration so that the angular power spectrum model for the user terminal
is applicable for Kronecker MIMO model. By utilizing this modeling concept, this paper considers the impact of the concentrated
azimuth power spectrum in the propagation modeling for the diversity or MIMO antenna performance evaluation.
09:00
C03.4 ITERATIVE ARRAY LEVEL OPTIMIZATION OF MIMO ANTENNAS
1
2
1 1
2
P. R. Sai Ananthanarayanan , D. G. Landon , C. Furse ; University of Utah, SLC,Utah, United States; L-3
Communication, SLC,Utah, United States
Multiple-input-multiple-output systems have gained importance in the last decade due to their ability to provide improved capacity as
compared to their SISO counterparts. System optimization promises further improvement in the capacity. The optimization can be
either optimization of detection algorithms or optimizing the hardware designs. Starting with the network level MIMO model which
includes the affect of mutual coupling and antenna correlation and an extended MIMO transmission model considering polarization,
antenna efficiency, radiation pattern for capacity we analyze some simple antenna configurations for MIMO. This paper analyses the
affect of each of the parameters on capacity.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
C03.5 AN ACCURATE TECHNIQUE FOR ARRAY DESIGN AND CHARACTERIZATION IN MIMO CHANNEL
C. A. Tunc, V. B. Erturk, D. Aktas, A. Altintas, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
A full-wave analysis technique based on the MoM is presented to evaluate the MIMO channel matrix accurately by including majority
of electromagnetic effects. Effects of array characterization on MIMO performance are analyzed, in terms of electrical and
geometrical properties such as dielectric thickness, permittivity and termination impedances. The computational efficiency allows
analyzing MIMO performance of arrays with large number of antennas and high performance array design in conjunction with wellknown optimization tools. Considering many parasitic array elements as near field scatterers, the MIMO capacity boost in poor
multipath environments or even LOS conditions is investigated by the technique.
45
10:00
C03.6 COVARIANCE-BASED SIGNALING AND FEEDBACK DATA PARAMETERIZATION FOR THE TIME-VARYING
MIMO BROADCAST CHANNEL
A. L. Anderson, J. R. Zeidler, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; M. A. Jensen, Brigham
Young University, Provo, UT, United States
Linear precoding (beamforming) techniques that maximize the sum rate in the multi-antenna broadcast channel often suffer severe
performance degradation when the channel state information at the transmitter is outdated. This paper presents a linear precoding
algorithm that uses the channel statistics rather than channel state to provide more stable performance in time-varying environments.
This stable beamforming method requires that the transmitter know the full spatial correlation matrix, significantly increasing the
amount of required feedback data. Parameterization of the spatial correlation using popular channel models is therefore considered
to reduce the size of the feedback data stream.
10:20
C03.7 NONLINEAR PHENOMENA IN BEAMFORMING
A. Mammela, M. Kiviranta, H. Paaso, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Oulu, Finland
In this paper we present a summary of nonlinear system level problems in beamforming. The paper summarizes first the nonideal
phenomena in power amplifiers, mixers, and oscillators. In digital predistortion inversion of the nonlinearity is needed. Not all linear
and nonlinear systems are invertible or they may have only a preinverse or postinverse. Commutation is needed in indirect learning
architectures for predistortion. The spatial and temporal order of compensation of different distortions is discussed. Some numerical
results are also included.
10:40
C03.8 ESTIMATION OF SPATIAL PHASE FLUCTUATIONS IN LARGE-APERTURE AND MULTI-ANTENNA RADIO
SYSTEMS
A. B. Shmelev, Radiotechnical Institute by Academician A.L.Mints, Moscow, Russian Federation
Phase fluctuations estimation is used in large-aperture and multi-antenna coherent systems. Particularly, it is needed in SPS system
for focusing the RF emission towards the ground-based rectenna. Sub-optimal estimation algorithm described by system of nonlinear differential equations is very complicated for realization in systems containing a lot of antenna elements or sub-apertures.
Integral algorithm of spatial phase fluctuations estimation is proposed. It is deduced by approximate transformation into integral form
of sub-optimal differential algorithm. Unlike prototype it is characterized by robustness and simplicity of technical realization.
Computer simulation confirms its effectiveness.
11:00
C03.9 ESTIMATION OF DIRECTIONS OF ARRIVAL OF SIGNALS USING ANTENNA ARRAYS COMPOSED OF
HEXAGONAL SUBARRAYS
V. I. Vasylyshyn, Kharkov Air Force University, Kharkov, Ukraine
Sparse arrays are attractive for wide range applications such as wireless communications, radar, sonar. This paper addresses the
problem of determining the directions-of-arrival (DOAs) of narrow-band emitter signals using sparse array composed of several
identical widely separated hexagonal subarrays. ESPRIT - based DOA estimator is obtained for this class of sparse sensor arrays.
The unambiguous estimates of direction cosines based on a half-wavelength baseline (invariance) and ambiguous ones based on a
larger baseline are combined to obtain a better estimation accuracy. Simulation results are included to show the performance of
proposed estimator.
11:20
End of the Session
46
OPTICAL DEVICES INCLUDING GUIDED WAVES I
Session Chair: Prof. K Thyagarajan
Session
D02a
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus AB
08:00
D02a.1 EFFECT OF FINITE LINEWIDTH ON OPTICAL INJECTION LOCKING
A. Banerjee, A. Mukherjee, B. Biswas, ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY, WEST BENGAL, WEST BENGAL, India
In recent time there has renewed interest in the optical generation of microwave and millimeter wave signal for application to mobile
communication. In this case, two DFB lasers (multiple laser sources) are injection locked or phase locked to the sidebands of
modulated lasers. In this paper, the dependence of the locking range on the laser phase noise is studied.
08:20
D02a.2 FALSE LOCKING IN OPTICAL PHASE LOCK LOOP: REVISITED
A. Mukherjee, A. Banerjee, B. Biswas, ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY, WEST BENGAL, WEST BENGAL, India
In a homodyne OPLL, the presence of loop propagation delay along with finite line-width of laser can cause acquisition difficulties in
the form of false locks. The present paper proposes a method of evaluating the locking range in presence of loop propagation delay
and also suggests a method of reducing the deleterious effect of false locking. It appears to the authors that no one has reported in
this regard.
08:40
D02a.3 FABRICATION OF EFFICIENT AND STABLE WHITE ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (WOLEDS)
BASED ON HOST-GUEST SYSTEM
V. K. Rai, R. Srivastav, M. N. Kamalasanan, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
White light emission has been obtained from blue fluorescent bis (2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) bezoxazolate) zinc [Zn(hpb)2] a host doped
with red phosphorescent Iridium bis(2-(2-benzothioneyl) pyridinato-acetyl-acetate [Ir(btpy)2 acac] guest materials. The white
emission was controlled by optimizing the concentration of guest in the emissive layer. The electroluminescent (EL) spectra of the
white light with three peaks around 450 nm,485nm and 610 nm. Device with the ITO/a-NPD/Zn(hpb)2:0.1% Ir(btpy)2 acac/LiF/Al
produced white light with CIE coordinates of (0.34, 0.27).
09:00
D02a.4 MULTIPLE-WAVELENGTH SOURCE BASED ON SOA AND SAGNAC LOOP MIRROR
K. Thambiratnam, N. S. Shahabuddin, S. W. Harun, H. Ahmad, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
A simple multi-wavelength fiber laser based on a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and Sagnac loop is proposed. At a 150 mA
bias current, 6 lines are obtained with at least -40 dBm output power and 25 dB signal to noise ratio (SNR). The 1.49 nm channel
spacing and number of lines is determined by the length of the PMF used in the loop mirror. The multi-wavelength comb output can
be tuned by adjusting the operating temperature of the SOA. The source has the advantage of a simple configuration, stability at
room temperature and a broad wavelength band.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
D02a.5 NOVEL STEP-CHIRPED QUASI-PHASE MATCHED GRATINGS FOR BROADBAND FREQUENCY
DOUBLERS WITH HIGH-EFFICIENCY FLAT RESPONSE IN NONLINEAR OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES
A. Tehranchi, R. Kashyap, Ecole Polytechnique, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Novel step-chirped gratings (SCG) for broadband frequency doublers based on quasi-phase matched second harmonic generation
in lithium niobate waveguides have been theoretically modeled and simulated for the first time to our knowledge. It is shown using
apodized SCG flattens the bandwidth of ordinary SCG and the flatness can be improved extensively with apodization ratio.
Moreover, in the SCG structure, increasing the chirp period and duty cycle may provide a more convenient method for fabrication
and poling. Also, using a singly pump-resonant waveguide, the efficiency of an apodized SCG increases substantially especially in
low loss waveguides.
47
10:00
D02a.6 WIDE FREQUENCY RANGE CONTROLLABLE WAVE TRANSMISSION IN WAVEGUIDE WITH VARIABLE
LATERAL PERIODIC PROFILE
V. Pogrebnyak, J. J. Whalen, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
The investigation reveals a new mechanism for controlling wave transmission in the periodic waveguide. Measurements show that
location of the gap in the spectrum and its width depend on the relative position of two corrugated walls. The transmission varies
from zero to maximum value upon shifting of one periodic wall with respect to another on the half period of corrugation. The location
of the gap moves from 7.7 to 10 GHz. The experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that the periodic structure with the
variable periodic profile can be used to control wave transmission in different optical and microwave devices
10:20
D02a.7 NSOM OBSERVATIONS OF HIGHLY CONFINED MODES IN SILICON BASED LOW REFRACTIVE INDEX
STRUCTURES
1,2
1
1
3
2
2
1 1
K. Foubert , L. Lalouat , B. Cluzel , D. Peyrade , E. Picard , E. Hadji , F. de Fornel ; Universit de Bourgogne,
2
3
Dijon, FRANCE; CEA-Grenoble, Grenoble, FRANCE; CNRS, Grenoble, France
Since it has been theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that light could be confined and guided in a slot waveguide (SWG),
this issue has benefited from a growing interest the past couple of years. Particularly, active or photonic crystals devices based on
silicon SWG have been proposed. In this contribution we report NSOM investigations at different wavelengths. Particularly, we
compared electric field intensity profiles that proceed from experimental and simulation data, NSOM images are in good agreement
with the theoretical predictions and demonstrate optical field confinement in the gap of air.
10:40
D02a.8 NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BIREFRINGENCE IN MICROSTRUCTURED OPTICAL
FIBER
P. P. Aseev, M. V. Ryabko, S. A. Nikitov, Y. K. Chamorovskii, Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Russian
Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
We use multipole method to perform numerical simulation of phase and group birefringence of microstructured optical fiber (MOF).
The dependence of group birefringence on wavelength obtained numerically is in a good agreement with the data of our
experiments. We also obtain that phase and group birefringence have the opposite signs.
11:00
End of the Session
48
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY IN WIRE AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Session Chairs: Ahmed Zeddam, Farhad Rachidi
Session
E07
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus CD
08:00
E07.1 ELECTROMAGNETIC MODELING OF THE POWERLINE CHANNEL USING MULTICONDUCTOR
TRANSMISSION LINE
K. Panayappan, A. Bhattacharya, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
The paper introduces a novel method for modeling Powerline channels. The methodology is based on the use of three conductor
transmission line. The mutual component of the three conductor line is varied to embrace the effects of multipath and impedance
mismatches, without having any prior knowledge about them. In this way, the measured frequency response of the channel is finally
reached. The method results in a versatile model that can be used for various studies like Electromagnetic Compatibility,
Performance analysis and so on. The paper also suggests various ways of improving the precision of the prescribed method.
08:20
E07.2 COMPARISON OF IN-HOUSE AND IN-VEHICLE NOISE CHARACTERISTICS IN PLC SYSTEMS
1
2
1
1
3 1
2
V. Degardin , F. Rouissi , M. Lienard , P. Degauque , A. Zeddam ; IEMN, Villeneuve D Ascq, France; SUP'COM,
3
Tunis, Tunisie; FRANCE TELECOM R&D, Lannion, France
PLC is now considered not only for indoor application but also to transmit data inside vehicles. This paper gives an analysis of
impulsive noise measured on the power line network in a house and in few cars, the objective being to compare the distribution of
their characteristic parameters and to evaluate the impact on a high bit rate communication. After summarizing the measurements
on power networks, the frequency and time characteristics of the impulsive noise are given in term of mean and max PSD, and
density probability of amplitude, duration, pseudo frequency and interarrival time.
08:40
E07.3 ANALYSIS OF EMC ISSUES AND THROUGHPUTS OF THE PLC SYSTEMS UP TO 100 MHZ
A. Zeddam, R. Razafferson, F. Gauthier, P. Pagani, France Telecom, LANNION, France
Power Line Communication allow to transfer high-speed digital data over the classical indoor electrical wires. Nowadays, the
increase of the customer's demand leads to the fact that the 200 Mbps theoretical rates of the HomePlugAV specification are no still
sufficient for transferring data services simultaneously through the electrical support. This paper deals with EMC analysis and
throughput calculation of PLC systems. The actual frequency band up to 30 MHz is here pushed up to 100 MHz. The investigation is
aimed to take into account the EMC constraints in order to increase PLC throughputs in this new frequency band.
09:00
E07.4 EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF COMMON-MODE CURRENT GENERATION IN HOME ELECTRICAL
WIRING IN THE POWELINE COMMUNICATIONS BAND
1
2
1
2 1
A. Rubinstein , A. Vukicevic , M. Rubinstein , F. Rachidi ; University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland,
2
Yverdon, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
This paper presents a test of the relation between the common mode current in the cabling inside a home and the common and
differential mode signals injected into any other part of the cabling in the house. The results are in satisfactory agreement with the
hypothesis that the common mode current at any point inside the house can be calculated by computing the linear combination of
the effects of the two input modes.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
E07.5 CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION CAUSED BY ``ON LINE'' WIRE DIAGNOSIS
A. Lelong, M. O. Carrion, CEA LIST, Saclay, France; V. Degardin, M. Lienard, IEMN, Lille, France
This paper is related to "on line" wire diagnosis aiming at detecting and locating electric faults in cables while the target system is
running. To achieve this diagnosis, reflectometry is used. Since this is done on live wires, EMC regulations related to the application
have to be considered. This paper presents measurements of the EM radiations caused by the wire diagnosis aiming at verifying
EMC criteria for reflectometry process. Then a discussion about actual and future reflectometry processes is made based on the
measurements results.
49
10:00
E07.6 SPICE MODELING OF BCI PROBES ACCOUNTING FOR THE FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR OF
THE FERRITE CORE
1
2
1 1
2
F. Grassi , F. Marliani , S. A. Pignari ; Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy; European Space Agency, Noordwijk, The
Netherlands
In this paper, SPICE behavioral modeling of injection probes for bulk current injection (BCI) is addressed. The implementation
procedure is based on preliminary experimental characterization of the frequency response of the probe core via measurement of
the probe input impedance. Two alternative solutions are proposed for the inclusion of frequency-dependent core-related effects.
The first solution directly embeds measurement data of the effective permeability spectra of the ferrite core in a SPICE behavioral
module; an alternative solution employs a Lorentzian model. Models accuracy and effectiveness are assessed by comparing SPICE
predictions of a simplified BCI setup with experimental measurements.
10:20
E07.7 MEASUREMENT INVESTIGATIONS INTO ELECTROMAGNETIC NOISE COUPLED FROM A HIGH
FREQUENCY BALLASTED LIGHTING SYSTEM TO A CO-LOCATED SAFETY RELATED COMMUNICATIONS
SYSTEM IN AN OPERATIONAL URBAN METRO ENVIRONMENT
L. M. McCormack, Atkins, York, United Kingdom; B. Tait, S. Seller, D. Bozec, York EMC Services Ltd, York, United
Kingdom
High frequency ballasted lighting presents a well known EMI threat. Switching frequencies from these types of lighting controlgear
are typically 40kHz-120kHz producing significant interference up to 10s of MHz. During a large scale modernization of urban metro
rail stations in London, UK, it was necessary to implement an unusual combined lighting and communications cable management
system which colocated lighting and safety related communications systems due to heritage planning restrictions at a particular
station. This paper details laboratory and site measurements which were performed to investigate the effects of colocating these
systems and demonstrate that they would function satisfactorily.
10:40
E07.8 LOW INTERFERENCE WIDEBAND WIRELESS SYSTEMS USING HIGH ALTITUDE PLATFORMS
J. Gavan, S. Tapuchi, V. Vulfin, sami shamoon college of engineering, BEER SHEVA, Israel
Low Interference Wideband Wireless Systems by High Altitude Platforms Terrestrial Wireless Systems are limited by short operation
distances, shadowing and in many cases by worst Raleigh statistic distributions. In comparison GEO and LEO Satellites provide
long distance communication with favorable Line of Sight Rician statistic distribution. Wireless novel Communication systems on
High Altitude Platforms (HAPS) at altitude around 20km overcome the mentioned limitations. Will be described the feasibility, the
applications and advantages of HAPS for wideband wireless systems ,techniques for mitigating the interference from
communication links and wireless power transmission to platforms RECTENNA. Recent trends in HAPS development are included.
11:00
E07.9 EMC ANALYSIS FOR SUSTAINER ELECTRIC PROPULSIONS AND DEEP SPACE COMMUNICATION
SYSTEMS
1
1
2
1 1
A. P. Plokhikh , N. A. Vazhenin , A. S. Volkovsky , G. V. Soganova ; Research Institute of Applied Mechanics and
2
Electrodynamics, Moscow, Russian Federation; Moscow Aviation Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
General solution for the problem of EMC calculation as applied to the sustainer electric propulsions (EP) and deep-space radio
communication systems is considered. EP is described as a source of unintended noise of artificial origin with the known spectral
characteristics of radiation. EP noise influence on the onboard receiver is assessed by the variation of the radio link quality
parameters communication range and information rate. Calculation results for the EP emission susceptibility for the communications
channel of spacecraft in the orbit of Mars are presented. Recommendations are given for securing EP EMC with onboard systems of
a spacecraft.
11:20
E07.10 BIT ERROR RATES OF LARGE AREA SYNCHRONOUS SYSTEMS IN THE PRESENCE OF ADJACENT
CELL INTERFERENCE
G. Cresp, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; H.-J. Zepernick, Blekinge Institute of Technology,
Ronneby, Blekinge, Sweden; H. H. Dam, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA, Australia
Large Area Synchronous (LAS) sequences are a class of ternary interference free window spreading sequences. One of their
advantages is the ability to construct permutation LAS families in order to reduce adjacent cell interference in cellular systems.
There has been little previous numerical work to examine the effect of using permutation families compared to simply reusing the
same LAS family across different cells. The bit error rates resulting from two cell systems employing both permutation families and
sequence reuse are considered here by simulation.
11:40
E07.11 DESIGN AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTIVE SHIELDS FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS
R. Stefanelli, D. Trinchero, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
This work introduces a low cost solution for the realization of frequency selective spatial filters for wireless applications. The paper
illustrates a complete solution to model, design and measure the frequency behavior of these devices. In particular, an experimental
setup that takes into account real case installations is described. To demonstrate the validity of the application, some prototypes
were designed, manufactured and measured. All realizations were perfectly transparent to light propagation and offered good
selective multiband rejection to microwaves.
12:00
End of the Session
50
ATTENUATION AND DEPOLARISATION IN SATELLITE AND TERRESTRIAL PROPAGATION
Session Chair: Robert Watson
Session
F03
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus EF
08:00
F03.1 SPATIAL ASPECTS OF SEA AND LAND CLUTTER FROM S, C, AND X BAND RADAR DUE TO NONSTANDARD RADIO FREQUENCY PROPAGATION DURING A COASTAL SEA BREEZE
R. E. Marshall, J. K. Stapleton, T. S. Casey, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren, Dahlgren, VA, United States
Sea breeze circulations create a spatio-temporally heterogeneous radio frequency (RF) propagation environment that enhances
land and sea clutter returns for ship borne radar. Clutter, so influenced by a heterogeneous refractivity field is difficult to model by a
single refractivity profile. Mesoscale numerical weather prediction (NWP) is an improving technology that resolves sea breeze
circulations with vertical profiles of refractivity every 3km in the area of illumination. This paper will describe the clutter to noise ratio
maps at three wavelengths produced by driving a littoral clutter model (LCM) with three dimensional refractivity profiles provided by
a mesoscale NWP model.
08:20
F03.2 A TECHNIQUE FOR RECONSTRUCTING TWO-DIMENSIONAL RAINFALL FIELDS FROM TERRESTRIAL
MICROWAVE LINKS
D. D. Hodges, R. J. Watson, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
The opportunistic use of terrestrial microwave links for the measurement of rainfall has the potential to provide several
improvements over conventional radar techniques. We present a technique that is capable of producing two-dimensional rainfall
fields from a number of measurements of integrated specific attenuation. The approach presented here is able to provide estimates
from heavily quantized measurements; the algorithm is also capable of providing images with a varying grid-scale to provide higherresolution outputs where there is a higher-density of links.
08:40
F03.3 RAIN RATE AND RAIN ATTENUATION PREDICTION FOR SATELLITE COMMUNICATION IN KU AND KA
BANDS OVER NIGERIA.
J. S. Ojo, M. O. Ajewole, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; S. K. Sarkar, National
Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
Rain rate and rain attenuation predictions are one of the vital steps to be considered when analyzing a microwave satellite
communication links at the Ku and Ka bands. In this paper, tools for the prediction of rain rate and rain attenuation are presented in
the form of contour maps for Nigeria using a massive rainfall data bank of 30 years which are taken from measurements made from
the coast to the arid region of Nigeria. The information from these maps will be a good tool for the newly launched NIGCOMSAT-1
and mostly for the proposed designing of NIGCOMSAT2.
09:00
F03.4 RAIN ATTENUATION STATISTICS OVER TERRESTRIAL MICROWAVE LINK OPERATING AT 28.75 GHZ
OVER AMRITSAR, INDIA( TROPICAL REGION)
P. Sharma, I. S. Hudiara, K C College of Engg. and IT, Nawanshar, Punjab, India; M. L. Singh, Guru Nanak Dev
University, Amristar, Punjab, India
Rain Induced attenuation over a terrestrial link operating at 28.75 GHz was measured during the period of Feb., 04 to Jan., 05. at
Amritsar ( 31036 N 740 52 E) . The paper presents the results in the form of a proposed empirical formula. The experimental results
have been measured with those predicted by ITU-R. It is observed that there is a significant difference between the attenuation
levels measured and those predicted by using ITU-R model.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
F03.5 TIME SERIES PREDICTOR OF KU-BAND RAIN ATTENUATION OVER AN EARTH-SPACE PATH AT A
TROPICAL LOCATION
A. Maitra, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India; D. Das, Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology, Kolkata, India
A channel model is proposed to predict the time series of Ku-band rain attenuation during rain events at a tropical location. The
model is based on considering the Gaussian distribution of the conditional occurrence of rain attenuation with a particular value of
attenuation occurring before. The mean and standard deviation for the distribution are modelled with the experimental data. The
attenuation at a particular time instant is predicted from the measured values at earlier instants. The channel model has tested well
giving predicted attenuations which agree with the measured values above 2 dB with a mean error within 10%.
51
10:00
F03.6 SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF RAIN ATTENUATION ON RADIO PROPAGATION PATHS IN SOUTH AFRICA
M. O. Odedina, T. J. Afullo, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Seasonal statistics of rain attenuation are analyzed to investigate the variations associated with different seasons in various climatic
zones in South Africa. A 5-year locally observed rain rate data in these climatic zones has been utilized to estimate the distributions
of rain attenuation for the different seasons in each zones. From these, appropriate figures of fade margin were derived. 1-year
signal attenuation recorded in Durban at 19.5 GHz on 6.73 km path length was also used to determine the average attenuation for
the year and these measurements show reasonable agreement with the ITU-R models
10:20
F03.7 PATH ATTENUATION COMPUTATION AND MODELING FOR MICROWAVE LINK SYSTEMS IN THE SOUTH
AFRICAN COAST
C. T. Mulangu, T. J. O. Afullo, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Based on attenuation measurements, it is found that the lognormal distribution is suitable for Durban at rain rate greater or equal to
21 mm/h. At rain rate less than 21mm/h, Joss-Thunderstorm is the better fit.
10:40
F03.8 COMBINED FADE MITIGATION TECHNIQUES IN A MILLIMETER-WAVE POINT-TO-MULTIPOINT SYSTEM
J. M. Riera, P. Garcia del Pino, R. Alvarino, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Millimeter-wave systems can be used, in point-to-multipoint configurations, to provide high data rate services to scattered users in
rural and suburban areas. Radio spectrum can be made available for these applications, while technical standards exist that include
the use of fade mitigation techniques. In this paper, the performance of a point-to-multipoint system is evaluated using experimental
propagation data. The simulated links are designed in accordance with the physical layer defined in IEEE 802.16 standard for use in
millimeter-wave bands. The relative advantage of using simple or combined fade mitigation techniques is quantified.
11:00
F03.9 THE CORRELATION OF ENHANCEMENT AND FADING ON TERRESTRIAL POINT TO POINT MICROWAVE
LINKS
M. J. Willis, K. H. Craig, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxford, UK, United Kingdom
This paper will summarise the results of a long term propagation measurement campaign with respect to the correlation between the
fading of wanted signals and the enhancement of unwanted interference. The correlation has been modelled and the paper will
demonstrate the importance and application of correlation modelling in link planning tools.
11:20
End of the Session
52
IRREGULARITIES AND SCINTILLATION
Session Chairs: Patricia Doherty, A Bhattacharyya, Eurico de Paula
Session
G03
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand E
08:00
G03.1 HOW REAL SPACE CONSIDERATIONS CAN HELP THE STUDY OF THE EVOLUTION OF IONOSPHERIC
IRREGULARITIES.
J.-P. St-Maurice, Institute of Space and Atmospheric Sciences, U of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
The Fourier description of irregularities has shortcomings that force the introduction of complicated nonlinear mode-coupling terms
into the calculations. This forces compromises in order to complete theoretical calculations. From a conceptual point of view, these
calculation handicaps can be overcome with a space-time approach. In that framework, the effect on the evolution of the
irregularities of edges at the long end of extended structures is neglected (implicitly done in the nonlinear Fourier development
anyway). This presentation will deal with how the space time approach helps understand ionospheric irregularities, using several E
and F region examples.
08:20
G03.2 A COMPARISON OF 2D AND 3D SIMULATIONS OF FARLEY-BUNEMAN TURBULENCE
M. M. Oppenheim, Y. S. Dimant, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; L. P. Dyrud, Center for Remote
Sensing, Fairfax, VA, United States
Turbulent processes driven by strong ambient DC electric fields create plasma density irregularities that play a role in E-region
conductivities, temperatures, and radio wave reflectivity. Recent 2D simulations show the saturated amplitude of the waves;
coupling between linearly growing modes and damped modes; evolution of the system from dominance by shorter to longer
wavelength modes; and propagation of the dominant modes at phase velocities slightly above the acoustic velocity. The 3-D
simulations show the development of modes with a k|| component and electron heating but, nevertheless, develop similar spectral
features.
08:40
G03.3 ESTIMATING THE IMPACTS OF IONOSPHERIC IRREGULARITIES ON SPACE RADAR DURING SOLAR
MAXIMUM
1
2
1
3
3
4 1
K. M. Groves , S. Basu , T. Beach , C. S. Carrano , R. Caton , P. S. Cannon ; Air Force Research Laboratory,
2
3
4
Hanscom AFB, USA; Boston College, Newton, MA, USA; AER, Inc., Lexington, MA, USA; QinetiQ, Malvern, UK
Recent VHF and UHF data collected with the ALTAIR radar show a significant decrease in signal coherence time in the presence of
even modest ionospheric scintillation to a few tens of msecs with associated coherence bandwidths of less than one MHz. Far more
substantial impacts are expected during solar maximum closer to the Appleton anomaly regions where global electron density peaks
and large-scale instabilities generate a broad spectrum of irregularities. Results from data collected under these conditions will be
applied to recently collected radar observations to estimate the magnitude of effects anticipated on space-radar systems during
solar maximum.
09:00
G03.4 SPECIFICATION OF EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERIC IRREGULARITY FORMATION DURING THE MAIN
PHASE OF STRONG MAGNETIC STORMS
S. Basu, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States; S. Basu, Boston University, Boston, MA, United
States; K. M. Groves, F. J. Rich, Air Force Research Laboratory, Haanscom AFB, MA, United States
We present a study on irregularity formation in the equatorial ionosphere caused by the penetration of magnetospheric electric fields
during major magnetic storms (Dstmin < -100 nT). We have tracked globally the formation of equatorial irregularities by the use of
scintillation observations by the AFRLs SCINDA (Scintillation Network Decision Aid) system and DMSP satellite in-situ
measurements of plasma density irregularities. Based on a study of 34 major storms during 1996 -2006, we find that equatorial
irregularities occur in the specific longitude interval for which the dusk period corresponds to the time of rapid Dst variation and
minimum Dst.
53
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
G03.5 LOCAL TIME DEPENDENT RESPONSE OF POST-SUNSET ESF DURING GEOMAGNETIC STORMS
P. V. S. Rama Rao, S. Tulasi Ram, D. S. V. V. D. Prasad, K. Niranjan, S. Gopi Krishna, Department of Physics,
Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
A multi-instrumental and multi-station study on the post-sunset ESF during five geomagnetic storms reveal that the prompt
penetration of eastward electric fields into low latitudes produce ESF in all longitudes encompassing the post-sunset hours during
the main phase of the storm and the irregularities occur over a longitudinal extent of 92o owing to the dusk time penetration of
eastward electric fields into low latitudes. The increase in AE-index and/or a marked decrease in Sym-H may be used as proxies to
determine the occurrence of ESF at equatorial and low latitudes during geomagnetic storms
10:00
G03.6 DEPENDENCE OF THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF ESF IRREGULARITIES ON THE HEIGHT OF THE POSTSUNSET EQUATORIAL F LAYER
A. Bhattacharyya, B. Kakad, K. Jeeva, K. U. Nair, Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai, India
Spaced receiver scintillation data is used to obtain the distribution of scale sizes in the ground scintillation pattern and the results are
compared with model calculations of coherence scales in the ground scintillation pattern produced by ESF irregularities. These
results and earlier observations by Scherliess and Fejer (1999) that the pre-reversal enhancement in the height of the post-sunset
equatorial F-layer is much less during solstices compared to equinoxes, indicate that for a low height of the post-sunset equatorial
F-layer, the Rayleigh-Taylor instability tends to develop into bottomside sinusoidal irregularities instead of plasma bubbles.
10:20
G03.7 MEASURING THE EQUATORIAL SPREAD F IRREGULARITY K-SPACE SPECTRUM WITH THE JICAMARCA
RADAR: PRELIMINARY RESULTS
J. L. Chau, Instituto Geofisico del Peru, Lima, Peru; D. L. Hysell, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
Recently we have suggested that it might be possible to measure the equatorial spread F (ESF) irregularity k-space spectrum using
ground-based coherent scatter radars. The technique requires the measurements of the spectrum width of the scattering signals
from different averaging volumes. Its implementation and validation requires two main radar improvements: imaging capabilities and
improved spectra estimation of moderately overspread signals. In this work we present and discuss preliminary results from a
simple imaging experiment using range-aliased spectra (but not frequency aliased) during solar minimum conditions when topside
ESF irregularities are confined to lower altitudes than usual.
10:40
G03.8 FIRST RESULTS FROM THE ST. CROIX COHERENT SCATTER RADAR IMAGER
D. L. Hysell, E. Nossa, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; M. F. Larsen, Clemson University, Clemson, SC,
United States; J. Munro, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Croix, USVI, United States; S. A. Gonzalez, M. P. Sulzer,
Arecibo Radio Observatory, Arecibo, PR, United States
A 30-MHz coherent scatter radar was deployed on St. Croix for studying field-aligned plasma irregularities associated with
midlatitude sporadic-E and spread-F ionospheric instabilities. The radar shares a common volume with the Arecibo Radio
Observatory. Using spaced-receiver aperture synthesis methods, the coherent scatter radar produces images of the plasma density
irregularities with spatial and temporal resolution of the order of kilometers and seconds, respectively. Previous results indicate that
the E-region irregularities in question are organized along wavefronts that are also visible in neutral optical emissions.
Contemporary E and F region FAI results will be presented.
11:00
G03.9 COMBINATION OF A RADIO WAVE SCATTERING ALGORITHM WITH COHERENT RADAR DATA FOR
EQUATORIAL SCINTILLATION PREDICTIONS
E. Costa, CETUC PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; E. R. de Paula, E. A. Kherani, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas
Espaciais, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil; K. M. Groves, Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, MA, USA
The cells sampled by the Sao Luiz coherent radar (2.33S, 44W) operating at 30 MHz will be populated with artificial electron-density
fluctuations generated with a spectral model which relates the power density of 5-m irregularities to backscatter power
measurements. These fluctuations will be mapped along the field lines to create an irregularity layer. A 3-D radio wave scattering
model will then be applied to the irregularity layer to predict the values of the scintillation index S4, to be compared with the ones
resulting from VHF and L-band transmissions by geostationary and GPS satellites, respectively.
11:20
G03.10 DEMETER OBSERVATIONS OF HIGHLY STRUCTURED PLASMA DENSITY AND ASSOCIATED ELF
ELECTRIC FIELD AND MAGNETIC FIELD IRREGULARITIES AT MIDDLE AND LOW LATITUDES
R. F. Pfaff, C. Liebrecht, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States; J.-J. Berthelier, CETP,
St. Maur, France; M. Parrot, LPCE, Orleans, France; J.-P. Lebreton, ESA, Noordwijk, Netherlands
The DEMETER spacecraft frequently encounters structured plasma density associated with equatorial spread-F. However, during
geomagnetic storms, the spacecraft detects broader density structures that extend to higher latitudes, in some instances to the subauroral regions. In addition to the electric field irregularities, ELF magnetic field irregularities are sometimes observed, for example,
on the walls of the density structures, and appear related to finely-structured spatial currents and/or Alfven waves. The mid-latitude
irregularities are compared with those of equatorial spread-F as well as with intense irregularities associated with the trough region
observed at sub-auroral latitudes.
54
11:40
G03.11 THE LOW-LATITUDE IONOSPHERIC SENSOR NETWORK (LISN)
C. E. Valladares, P. H. Doherty, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, United States
The LISN distributed observatory will be comprised of nearly 70 GPS receivers with the capability to measure Total Electron Content
(TEC), amplitude and phase scintillation and Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs). The network will include 5 ionosondes able
to measure nighttime E-region densities and 5 collocated magnetometers that will be placed along the same magnetic meridian.
This network of GPS receivers and ionospheric sensors span from north to south in the South American continent and west of the
55o West meridian. This paper describes the instrumentation, presents the first measurements and discusses the scientific benefits
of the LISN network.
12:00
End of the Session
55
WAVE-PARTICLE INTERACTIONS AND RADIATION BELT REMEDIATION I
Session Chairs: G. Ganguli, Jay Albert, Keith Groves
Session
HG1a
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand F
08:00
HG1a.1 ATMOSPHERIC AND IONOSPHERIC IMPLICATIONS OF RADIATION BELT REMEDIATION
1
2
3
4
3
1 1
C. J. Rodger , M. A. Clilverd , T. Ulich , P. Verronen , E. Turunen , N. R. Thomson ; University of Otago, Dunedin,
2
3
New Zealand; British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory, Sodankyla,
4
Finland; Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
In this report we consider the upper atmospheric consequences of an Radiation Belt Remediation (RBR) system operating over
either 1 or 10 days. The RBR-forced neutral chemistry changes, leading to NOx enhancements and Ox depletions, are significant
during the timescale of the precipitation but are generally not long-lasting. These neutral atmosphere changes are no more
significant than those observed during large solar proton events. In contrast, RBR-operation will lead to unusually intense HF
blackouts for about the first half of the operation, producing large-scale disruptions to radio communication and navigation systems.
08:20
HG1a.2 RADIATION BELT PRECIPITATION DUE TO MAN-MADE VLF TRANSMISSIONS: SATELLITE
OBSERVATIONS
1
1
2
1
1
1
3
R. J. Gamble , C. J. Rodger , M. A. Clilverd , N. R. Thomson , S. L. Stewart , R. J. McCormick , M. Parrot , J.4
5 1
2
A. Sauvaud , J.-J. Berthelier ; University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; British Antarctic Survey (NERC),
3
4
Cambridge, United Kingdom; Laborotoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement, Orleans, France; Centre
5
d'Etudes Spatiale des Rayonnements, Toulouse, France; Centre d'Etudes des Environnements Terrestre et Planetaires,
Saint Maur des Fosses, France
Previous studies have reported enhancements in drift-loss cone electron fluxes linked to powerful VLF transmitters. We examine the
significance of the transmitter NWC on the inner radiation belt by combining DEMETER satellite observations with transmitter
operation times. We find that enhancements in the ~100-300 keV drift-loss cone fluxes show a strong correlation to NWC operation
and low (night-time) ionospheric absorption, and are only observed downstream of the transmitter. This provides conclusive
evidence linking drift-loss cone electron flux enhancements and transmitter operation. Typical transmissions cause a ~400 times
increase in 300 keV drift-loss cone electrons.
08:40
HG1a.3 COMPARISON OF MODEL VLF POWER DISTRIBUTIONS WITH SATELLITE DATA
R. A. Quinn, Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Lexington, MA, United States; M. J. Starks, J. Albert,
G. P. Ginet, Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, MA, United States
Anthropogenic VLF radiation is believed to play a significant role in enhancing pitch-angle diffusion, and subsequent loss, of
energetic particles in the inner radiation belts. The present study compares results from a recently developed high-fidelity composite
model of wave propagation from terrestrial VLF transmitters with a ducted propagation model, as well as wave electric and magnetic
field data from five satellites. This study shows that, away from the magnetic equator, both models systematically overestimate the
median field strength in the plasmasphere by about 20 dB at night and at least 10 dB during the day.
09:00
HG1a.4 MODELING VLF TRANS-IONOSPHERIC PROPAGATION USING THE FULL-WAVE TECHNIQUE
J. Bortnik, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA., United States
In this presentation, we employ the full-wave technique to model trans-ionospheric propagation of VLF waves from a VLF transmitter.
We use the IRI to obtain a realistic, height-dependent, multi-species density and concentration profile, and past literature to obtain a
height-dependent collision frequency profile. We begin by treating the propagation of a single, arbitrarily-orientated plane-wave
through the ionosphere, and show the variation of wave parameters with altitude. The analysis is then extended to include multiple
plane waves, and recombined to simulate the effects of a full radiation-pattern at the ground.
56
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
HG1a.5 INSTABILITY OF COHERENT WHISTLERS PROPAGATING ALONG FIELD LINES IN THE
MAGNETOSPHERE
M. Lampe, G. Ganguli, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States; G. Joyce, W. Manheimer,
University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
We report on analytic and simulation studies of nonlinear instability triggered by a large-amplitude whistler. Instability initiates at
cyclotron resonant points but is carried backwards by resonant electrons and forward by the wave. The variation of the geomagnetic
field along the field line, the finite whistler pulse length, and the flow of unperturbed electrons into the pulse are important, even
though these scales are much longer than the wavelength. In the non-uniform field, phase-trapped electrons continue to drive
nonlinear instability, which is characterized by both growth and strong spatio-temporal variations of the frequency. Supported by
ONR
10:00
HG1a.6 NUMERICAL STUDY OF WHISTLER INTERACTIONS WITH ENERGETIC ELECTRONS IN THE EARTH'S
RADIATION BELT
A. V. Streltsov, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
Results from a numerical study of interactions between very-low-frequency electromagnetic waves (whistlers) and energetic
electrons in the Earth's radiation belt are presented. The goal of this study is to identify parameters of the electron distribution
function and initial wave leading to the generation of secondary waves with an amplitude larger than the amplitude of the initial wave,
as it was observed in a number of experiments conducted at the Siple station in Antarctica during 1970-1980. The main focus of this
study is the role of the parallel inhomogeneity of the magnetic field in triggering secondary emissions.
10:20
HG1a.7 SURVEY OF MAGNETOSONIC WAVES AND PROTON RING DISTRIBUTIONS IN THE EARTH'S INNER
MAGNETOSPHERE
N. P. Meredith, R. B. Horne, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom; R. R. Anderson, University of Iowa,
Iowa City, Iowa, United States
Fast magnetosonic waves can lead to the local acceleration of electrons from ~10 keV up to a few MeV on a timescale of 1-2 days
and may play an important role in radiation belt dynamics. We present the results of a survey of CRRES wave and particle data to
determine the global morphology of the waves as a function of magnetic activity, and to investigate the role of proton rings as a
potential source mechanism. Our results suggest that fast magnetosonic waves may provide a significant energy transfer process
between the ring current and the outer electron radiation belt.
10:40
HG1a.8 ELECTRON ACCELERATION IN THE VAN ALLEN RADIATION BELTS BY FAST MAGNETOSONIC WAVES
1
2
1
1
3
4 1
R. B. Horne , R. M. Thorne , S. A. Glauert , N. P. Meredith , D. Pokhotelov , O. Santolik ; British Antarctic Survey,
2
3
4
Cambridge, UK; University of California, Los Angeles, USA; University of Bath, Bath, UK; Charles University, Prague,
Czech Republic
We show that fast magnetosonic waves, detected by Cluster 3, can accelerate electrons between 10 keV and a few MeV inside the
outer radiation belt. Acceleration occurs via electron Landau resonance, and not Doppler shifted cyclotron resonance, due to wave
propagation almost perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field. Using quasi-linear theory, pitch angle and energy diffusion rates are
comparable to those for whistler mode chorus, suggesting that these waves are very important for local electron acceleration. We
suggest that magnetosonic waves, which are generated by unstable proton ring distributions, transfer energy from the ring current to
the radiation belts.
11:00
End of the Session
57
TUTORIAL H:WAVE ACCELERATION AND LOSS PROCESSES AT THE EARTH AND PLANETS
Session Chair: Richard Horne
Session
HT
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand F
11:00
HT.1 WAVE ACCELERATION AND LOSS PROCESSES IN THE MAGNETOSPHERE OF EARTH AND PLANETS
R. M. Thorne, UCLA, Los Angeles, United States
Resonant wave particle interactions play a dominant role in the non-adiabatic dynamics of radiation belt particles, leading to both
acceleration and loss processes in the magnetospheric environment of magnetized planets. The rate of particle scattering scales
with the power spectral intensity of resonant waves, which in turn is controlled by large-scale macroscopic injection processes. At
Earth (and Mercury) such injection is due to magnetospheric convection in response to changes in the solar wind, while at the giant
planets the injection processes seems to be associated with internal interchange processes, ultimately linked to mass loading by
out-gassing moons.
12:00
End of the Session
58
MM AND SUB-MM RADIO ASTRONOMY I
Session Chair: Tony Beasley
Session
J03a
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand A
08:00
J03a.1 REVIEW OF CURRENT AND PLANNED LARGE MILLIMETER/SUBMILLIMETER SINGLE-DISH
TELESCOPES
P. Schilke, Max-Planck-Institut fuer Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
In this review, I will give an overview of current and planned large single-dish telescopes operating in the millimeter/submillimeter
ranges. The large interferometer ALMA is eagerly awaited, and will provide a quantum leap in submillimeter science. However,
single dish telescopes do not become less important in the ALMA age, but more, since they can fill very important roles: as
pathfinder instruments, to search for targets worth studying with ALMA, and as instruments looking at very large scale phenomena.
Using array receivers, they can vastly surpass the mapping speed of ALMA. They also are important as technological testbeds.
08:20
J03a.2 THE CORNELL CALTECH ATACAMA TELESCOPE (CCAT)
1
2
2
1
1 1
S. J. E. Radford , R. Giovanelli , T. A. Sebring , D. Woody , J. Zmuidzinas ; California Institute of Technology,
2
Pasadena, CA, United States; Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
The CCAT will be a 25 m telescope for submillimeter astronomy located at 5600 m altitude in northern Chile. An international
consortium has formed to carry out the project. CCAT will combine high sensitivity, a wide field of view (20'), and a broad
wavelength range (2 mm - 200 um) to provide an unprecedented capability for deep, large area multi-color submillimeter surveys
that complement narrow field, high resolution studies with ALMA. Science objectives include galaxy formation and evolution, star
formation, protoplanetary and debris disks, and Kuiper belt objects. Instrumentation will include bolometer cameras, direct detection
spectrometers, and heterodyne receiver arrays.
08:40
J03a.3 THE LARGE MILLIMETER TELESCOPE
F. P. Schloerb, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
The Large Millimeter Telescope is a joint project of the Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica, Optica y Electronica and the University of
Massachusetts to build a 50m-diameter millimeter-wave telescope atop Volcan Sierra Negra in Mexico. Construction of the antenna
is nearly complete, with the basic structure in place since the end of 2005. Initial installation of the reflector panels for the inner 50%
of the surface was completed for the telescope dedication in November 2006. Final installation of these panels is now underway
with the expectation that first light at millimeter wavelengths will occur in 2008.
09:00
J03a.4 THE SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE: AN UPDATE
R. Keisler, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
The South Pole Telescope (SPT) is a 10 meter telescope operating at 90, 150 and 220 GHz. The initial science goal for the SPT is
to detect thousands of new galaxy clusters by means of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect. This should produce interesting constraints
on the Dark Energy density and its equation of state. First light was observed on February 16, 2007, and science observations are in
progress. The status and early results from the SPT will be presented.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
J03a.5 THE GALACTIC SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE SAGITTARIUS A*
D. P. Marrone, NRAO/University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
The compact radio source Sagittarius A* was discovered more than 30 years ago and is now known to be associated with a
supermassive black hole at the center of our Galaxy. The faintness and variability of this source are still poorly understood, but a
variety of current observing programs are adding to our knowledge. I will summarize recent results in this field from submillimeter
polarization, VLBI, and coordinated multi-wavelength monitoring observations. I will also discuss advancements expected in coming
years.
59
10:00
J03a.6 THE VARIABILITY OF SAGITTARIUS A* AT 3 MILLIMETERS
1
1
2
1
2
3
4
2 1
Z.-Q. Shen , J. Li , A. Miyazaki , L. Huang , M. Miyoshi , R. J. Sault , M. Tsuboi , T. Tsutsumi ; Shanghai
2
Astronomical Observatory, Shanghai, China (CIE); National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan;
3
4
University of Melbourne, School of Physics, Victoria, Australia; Institute of Space and Astronautical Science,
Kanagawa, Japan
We have performed monitoring observations of the 3-mm flux density toward Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) with the Australia Telescope
Compact Array (ATCA) since October 2005. Careful calibrations of both elevation-dependent and time-dependent gains have
enabled the establishment of variability behavior of Sgr A*. It has been found that during several observing epochs Sgr A* was quite
active, showing significant intraday variations (IDVs) with typical timescales of 2 hrs. We will report these detections and further
discuss two possible scenarios (the expanding plasmon model and the orbiting hot spot model) in our understanding of IDV of Sgr
A*.
10:20
J03a.7 230GHZ VLBI OF SGRA*: GETTING TO THE EVENT HORIZON
S. S. Doeleman, A. E. Rogers, M. A. Titus, R. J. Cappallo, D. L. Smythe, B. E. Corey, MIT Haystack Observatory,
Westford, MA, USA; L. Ziurys, R. Freund, Arizona Radio Observatory, Tucson, AZ, USA; J. Weintroub, J. Moran,
E. Mattison, D. Phillips, R. Vessot, K. Young, J. Test, P. Yamaguchi, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics,
Cambridge, MA, USA; R. Tilanus, P. Friberg, G. Davis, James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, Hilo, HI, USA; D. Plambeck,
D. Bock, G. C. Bower, H. Maness, Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy, Owens Valley, CA,
USA; R. Chamberlin, Caltech Submillimeter Observatory, Hilo, HI, USA; I. Diegel, Honeywell, Lanham, MD, USA
We present results from 230GHz VLBI observations of the massive black hole candidate, SgrA*, in the Galactic Center. SgrA* was
detected with an interferometer fringe spacing of 60 micro arc seconds, indicating compact structure just twice the diameter of the
assumed black hole event horizon. Observations were carried out in April 2007, with one dish of the CARMA array, the JCMT on
Mauna Kea, and the ARO SMT on Mt. Graham, Az. Local Oscillator signals for the JCMT receiver were generated at the SMA. This
international collaborative effort succeeded in detecting numerous extragalactic AGN targets on all array baselines.
10:40
J03a.8 CURRENT STATUS OF ALMA AND EXISTING MM/SUBMM INTERFEROMETERS
M. Ishiguro, Joint ALMA Office, Santiago, Chile
The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is under construction as a partnership between East Asia, Europe, and
North America in cooperation with Chile. As of February 2008, seven 12-m antennas are being assembled at the Operation Support
Facility (OSF). Front Ends and Back Ends have been manufactured and assembled at the various facilities of ALMA partners. The
first fringes between two 12-m antennas is expected to be achieved at the OSF this year. The existing mm/submm interferometers
have been extensively used for astronomical research. The current status of ALMA and existing interferometers will be reviewed.
11:00
J03a.9 ALMA DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES
R. E. Hills, ALMA, Santigo, Chile
ALMA is making rapid progress in construction with examples of all the key elements on site and integration and testing underway.
ALMA's challenging specifications have pushed the state of the art across the whole field, from antennas and receivers to local
oscillator distribution, data transmission and correlators. Many of these developments have been described in previous URSI
meetings. This talk will provide an update on the current status of key ALMA systems, with the emphasis on the results achieved
from the development program. Further technical challenges that may lie ahead in ALMA's future development will also be
discussed.
11:20
J03a.10 FIRST SCIENCE OBSERVATIONS WITH MUSTANG
B. S. Mason, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA, United States; MUSTANG Collaboration,
UPenn, NASA-GSFC, NIST, & Cardiff University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
The Multiplexed SQUID TES Array for Ninety Gigahertz (MUSTANG) is a 64-pixel bolometer array, constructed for the 100-meter
Green Bank Telescope by a collaboration comprising the University of Pennsylvania, NRAO, NASA-GSFC, NIST, and the University
of Wales. MUSTANG achived first light on the GBT in engineering observations in Fall of 2006 and has subsequently been
substantially upgraded. We present an overview of the instrument and commissioning observations, and present results from early
science observations collected in February and March of 2008.
11:40
J03a.11 COMBINED ARRAY FOR RESEARCH IN MILLIMETER-WAVE ASTRONOMY
D. C. C-J. Bock, Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy, Big Pine, CA, United States
The Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA) consists of six 10.4m and nine 6.1m diameter antennas
at elevation 2200m in eastern California. CARMA observes at 1mm and 3mm on baselines from 8 to 1900m. The University of
Chicago's Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Array (SZA) is expected to join CARMA this year with eight 3.5m antennas. Also during this year, the
correlator will be upgraded and new 3mm receivers will be installed. Dual-polarization 1mm receivers are under development. I will
present CARMA science and describe our instrumental program.
12:00
End of the Session
60
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION AND HEALTH: MOLECULAR, CELLULAR, ANIMAL
Session Chairs: Dariusz Leszczynski, James McNamee
Session
K03a
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus KL
08:00
K03a.1 POSSIBLE MECHANISMS TO EXPLAIN BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS FROM LOW LEVEL RF EXPOSURE (I.E.,
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SIGNALS)
J. J. Morrissey, Motorola, Ft. Lauderdale, United States
The popularity of mobile phones has precipitated concern regarding adverse health effects. In addition to experimental studies, the
relevant literature contains several theoretical papers proposing mechanisms to explain how radiofrequency energy might interact
with biological tissue. Several non-thermal pathways will be described, although the most plausible mechanism of interaction with
respect to wireless communication signals may be thermal. Such a mechanism does not, however, exclude the possibility of low
level effects in experimental models. Data will be presented to demonstrate small incremental temperature increases affecting cell
cycle, growth kinetics, and gene expression in different cell lines.
08:40
K03a.2 THE USE OF DNA MICROARRAYS TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTS, IF ANY, OF RADIOFREQUENCY
RADIATION (RFR) ON GENE EXPRESSION
J. L. Roti Roti, T. Whitehead, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
Recent work has used genomics techniques to determine if RFR impacts gene expression. Changes in gene expression are
essential for responses to various stresses i.e., oxidative stress, heat shock and DNA damage. Several studies found that the
number of gene expression changes after RFR was not greater than the number of false positives expected based on sham vs
sham comparison. Other studies have reported positive changes. However, it is not clear that proper sham vs sham comparisons
were used. These studies will be discussed. No consistent pattern of the expected gene expression response to DNA damage was
observed.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
K03a.3 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH INTO BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RADIATION EMITTED BY WIRELESS
COMMUNICATIONS DEVICES
D. Leszczynski, STUK - Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Helsinki, Finland
The presentation will provide general overview and discuss the published already research studies, the presently ongoing research
projects and the future research needs.
10:00
K03a.4 SEARCH FOR BIOMARKERS OF BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES - LESSONS FROM PROTEOMICS STUDIES
D. Leszczynski, STUK - Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Helsinki, Finland
Use of proteomics has been suggested as a tool in search for proteins that respond to radiation emitted by wireless communication
devices. There are only few such studies published to date. This presentation will review outcomes of theses studies. It will also
point out advantages and disadvantages of the proteomics approach.
10:40
K03a.5 CRITICAL FACTORS IN THE DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF GENOTOXICITY
R. Korenstein, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
One of the main concerns of possible health effects following exposure to wireless communication has been the increased risk of
cancer. Genetic instability is a hallmark of cancer, manifested by either chromosomal instability or by increased mutation rate at the
nucleotide level. Nevertheless, the radiation may exert a direct effect at the transcriptional, translational or post translational levels.
The choice of the in-vitro cellular model as well as exposing it at the more susceptible cellular state will determine the biological
outcome. Improvement of high throughput analysis of chromosomal instability is an essential tool in determining the risk for cancer.
61
11:20
K03a.6 THE EFFECT OF ABSORBED RF ON THE BBB (AND OTHER INDICES) IN THE DEVELOPING FETAL AND
NEO-NATAL MOUSE BRAIN
T. R. Kuchel, J. Finnie, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, Australia
This paper will examine, by way of a review, of our own results and those of others, the data from in-vivo studies on the relationship
between tumour development and progression as well as BBB permeability and RF exposure. The paper will discuss the
experimental design features of several in-vivo studies and the results obtained from them. Finally , the WHO framework for future
RF in-vivo research will be discussed and our approach to studying the effect of RF on the developing brain will be explained.
12:00
End of the Session
62
BODY AREA NETWORKS, INCLUDING MEDICAL APPLICATION
Session Chairs: Yahya Rahmat-Samii, Koichi Ito
Session
BCK
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand B
13:40
BCK.1 ANTENNAS IN COMMUNICATIONS, BIOTELEMETRY AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS: CELLPHONE,
WEARABLE, IMPLANTABLE AND INGESTIBLE
Y. Rahmat-Samii, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
At no time in history have antennas come so close to human. Nowadays they are even finding their ways into human bodies!
Modern applications demand antenna usages in cellphones near one's head, wearable antennas integrated into one's clothing,
implantable antennas attached to medical devices and finally ingestible antennas integrated with capsules. We will provide an
overview of some the recent activities in the author's laboratory. Typical common factors in designing these antennas are: (a)
miniaturization, (b) designs that effectively operate in the surrounding body environment, (c) safety issues based on SAR
distributions, and (d) communication link characteristics.
14:00
BCK.2 BODY-WORN DIVERSITY ANTENNAS FOR SQUAD AREA NETWORKS (SAN)
D. Psychoudakis, G. Y. Lee, C.-C. Chen, J. L. Volakis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
We present a Body-Worn antenna system for communications in the 225MHz-380MHz band. The antenna consists of multiple
broadband dipole elements appropriately positioned on the human body. Measurements are given for a human body phantom for
validation and a series of simulations are carried out using Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) techniques to estimate optimum
positioning and orientation for improved channel capacity.
14:20
BCK.3 STATISTICAL PARAMETERS OF NARROWBAND CHANNELS ON THE WALKING HUMAN
P. S. Hall, Y. I. Nechayev, Z. H. Hu, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
Measurement of the Rician fading model parameters are described that give an indication of the relative significance of the direct
ray and the scattering off the body and from the local environment. The measurements were made at 2.45 GHz both in an anechoic
chamber and a typical office environment. The results indicate that for the belt to head channel, the scattering from the body can be
generally neglected, unless the subject is outdoors in a clear environment. However in the belt to wrist channel, there are times
when body scattering dominates and must be included in the model.
14:40
BCK.4 FDTD SIMULATION OF WAVE PROPAGATION AND COUPLING FOR BODY AREA NETWORKS
J. N. Bringuier, R. Mittra, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States; J. Wiarte, France
Telecom, France, France
The ubiquitous presence of personal computing devices has naturally led to extension of wireless networks that can be implemented
on the human body. A detailed study of the propagation mechanisms for wireless communication involving body mounted antennas
has been carried out in this effort using an accurate human body phantom to characterize the coupling between these antennas.
Finally, the antennas are placed in various positions on the body so as to develop an understanding of the coupling relation between
space, surface and creeping waves.
15:00
BCK.5 PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS IN BODY AREA NETWORKS BY USE OF ASYMPTOTIC ANALYSIS
C. Seo, K. Saito, M. Takahashi, K. Ito, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
This paper estimates analytically propagation characteristics in the inhomogeneous environment between the free space and the
human body when a source is located the outside of the human body. For simplification, this investigation is performed with the
assumption on which the human body consists of an infinitely planar uniform tissue. With an infinitesimal dipole and the 2/3-muscle
equivalent tissue at 915.00 MHz of ISM band, total electric field distributions including surface and leaky waves performed by the
asymptotic analysis are shown and compared with results from the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method.
63
15:20
BCK.6 COLE-COLE MODEL FOR GLUCOSE-DEPENDENT DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF BLOOD PLASMA FOR
CONTINUOUS GLUCOSE MONITORING
1
2
1 1
T. Karacolak , E. C. Moreland , E. Topsakal ; Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States;
2
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
Next generation continuous glucose monitoring systems depends on the accurate relationship between the glucose concentration
and the dielectric properties of the blood plasma. In this study, the dielectric properties of 10 blood plasma samples were measured
for various glucose levels in the frequency range of 500 MHz to 20 GHz. To relate the glucose concentration with the dielectric
properties, first an accurate Cole-Cole model is used to fit the dielectric properties as a function of frequency.
15:40
End of the Session
64
INTERFERENCE-LIMITED SCENARIOS AND MULTIUSER DETECTION FOR WIRELESS
Session Chair: Ralf Mueller
Session
C04
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus GH
13:40
C04.1 CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE MITIGATION IN MULTIUSER SYSTEMS WITH UNKNOWN CHANNELS
D. Guo, Y. Zhu, M. L. Honig, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
We study detection in multiuser systems where the uncertainty is due to fading as well as a strong co-channel interference of the
same form as that of the desired signal. In particular, no pilot for the interference signal is available for measuring its fading channel
state. Still, the interference is a non-Gaussian process and treating it as Gaussian noise can lead to poor performance. We propose
a joint channel estimation and interference mitigation scheme based on belief propagation. Simulation results show that the receiver
performs significantly better compared to conventional receivers with linear channel estimation.
14:00
C04.2 GAUSSIAN FADING INTERFERENCE CHANNELS: POWER CONTROL AND OUTAGE PROBABILITY
Y. Weng, D. Tuninetti, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
In peer-to-peer networks, several uncoordinated source-destination pairs compete for the same bandwidth. When users transmit
simultaneously they create interference to each other. Orthogonalization techniques, such as TDMA, although leading to simple
network architecture, are suboptimal in terms of achievable rates. In this work, we consider a simple network with two sourcedestination pairs sharing a Gaussian fading channel. We characterize the ergodic throughput and the outage throughput in terms of
optimal power allocation, under various degree of knowledge of the actual channel condition at the transmitter. We show that power
control improves throughput, especially at low SNR.
14:20
C04.3 ITERATIVE MULTI-USER DECODING FOR MIMO-OFDM SYSTEMS OVER TIME-FREQUENCY VARIANT
WIRELESS CHANNELS
P. Salvo Rossi, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
An iterative receiver for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems in timefrequency wireless channels is presented. Multi-User Detection (MUD) and Channel Estimation (CE) are performed using soft
information iteratively provided by the single-user decoders. Bidimensional Slepian expansion exploits time and frequency channel
variation. Performance of the system are presented via numerical simulations.
14:40
End of the Session
65
OPTICAL DEVICES INCLUDING GUIDED WAVES II
Session
D02b
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus AB
13:40
D02b.1 DUAL-CORE LIQUID-FILLED PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBERS FOR DISPERSION COMPENSATION
C.-P. Yu, J.-H. Liou, Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, China
(SRS); H.-C. Chang, Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, Taipei, China (SRS)
Dispersion compensating fibers based on dual-core liquid-filled PCFs are proposed. The dispersion characteristics of the proposed
structure are investigated. A very high negative chromatic dispersion value D = -19000 ps/(nm-km) can be achieved at 1.55-um
wavelength by an appropriate design. By varying the geometry of the PCF and the index of the filling liquid, the phase-matching
wavelength and dispersion values are shown to be well tuned to desired values.
14:00
D02b.2 A SPURIOUS-FREE MOM SOLUTION FOR AIR-HOLE-ASSISTED OPTICAL FIBERS
S. Arvas, J. R. Mautz, E. Arvas, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
A surface-based, spurious-free Method of Moments solution is given for analyzing air-hole assisted optical fibers. The core and the
surrounding air-holes are of arbitrary cross sections. The equivalence principle is used to replace the core and the holes by electric
and magnetic surface currents radiating in unbounded media. Boundary conditions give a set of coupled integral equations for the
currents. They are solved using MOM. The surfaces are approximated by linear segments. Pulse and triangular expansion functions
are used. An approximate Galerkins method is used for testing. The combined field formulation gives spurious-free solutions.
14:20
D02b.3 AN ACCELERATED FETI-DPEM METHOD FOR MODELING PHOTONIC CRYSTAL NANOCAVITIES
Y.-J. Li, J.-M. Jin, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
The dual-primal finite element tearing and interconnecting (FETI-DPEM) method, as an application of a nonoverlapping domain
decomposition method to the finite-element analysis of electromagnetic problems, is applied to the 3D full-wave simulation of a high
quality factor photonic crystal (PhC). Geometrical repetitions associated with PhCs nanocavities are fully exploited, which
significantly reduces the computational complexity and memory requirement. In addition, the FETI-DPEM method is highly
parallelizable, which further accelerates the computation using parallel computing techniques. A fast frequency sweep technique is
implemented together with the FETI-DPEM method to obtain a wide-band frequency response.
14:40
D02b.4 PHOTONICALLY ASSISTED COMPRESSION OF ULTRA-WIDEBAND ARBITRARY MICROWAVE
WAVEFORMS VIA PROGRAMMABLE OPTICAL PHASE FILTERS
E. Hamidi, A. M. Weiner, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
We experimentally demonstrate compression of UWB microwave arbitrary waveforms via programmable optical filters implemented
in hyperfine resolution optical pulse shaper. We synthesize UWB waveforms and utilize programmable microwave photonic filters to
impose the opposite of a waveform spectral phase on its spectrum. This enables to synthesize a matched filter which compresses a
UWB waveform to its corresponding bandwidth-limited duration. As an example, we demonstrate compression of a 15GHz
bandwidth chirp with ~733ps temporal window to a 40ps pulse with >14dB peak power gain. Our technique is programmable and
applicable to a wide range of spectral phase modulated UWB waveforms.
15:00
D02b.5 OPTICAL MILLIMETER-WAVE GENERATION USING 1.55µM PHOTODIODES WITH AND WITHOUT
INTEGRATED ANTENNAS
1
1
2
3
2
3
4
A. Stöhr , D. Jäger , D. Moodie , C. C. Renaud , M. Robertson , A. J. Seeds , A. G. Steffan ,
4 1
2
A. Umbach ; University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany; Center for Integrated Photonics, Ipswich, United
3
4
Kingdom; University College London, London, United Kingdom; u2t Photonics AG, Berlin, Germany
We report on optical synthesizer concepts for low-phase noise and high output-power optical millimeter-wave generation up to
300GHz. Different types of photodetectors including waveguide pin, traveling-wave and waveguide UTC photodetectors have been
developed and investigated. By utilizing those photodetectors in conjunction with dual-wavelength laser set-ups we present photonic
synthesizer concepts for broadband (f3dB>100GHz), w-band (75-115GHz) as well as for ultra-wideband (30-300GHz) millimeterwave generation. The maximum output power level in the w-band exceeds 0dBm and minimum phase noise level is below 85dBc/Hz @ 10kHz offset. We furthermore present novel fiber-optic photodiode packages for broadband operation with a 1mm
coaxial (w1) output as well as packages for antenna integrated photodetectors.
15:20
End of the Session
66
HIGH POWER ELECTROMAGNETICS
Session Chairs: Carl Baum, Frank Sabath
Session
E02
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus CD
13:40
E02.1 HIGH-DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT MATERIALS AS HIGH-FREQUENCY CAPACITORS
C. E. Baum, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
In the design of high-frequency (or fast-impulse) capacitors required to hold off high voltages, one can use high-dielectric-constant
materials (e.g., certain ceramics). This paper considers some of the high-frequency problems of such capacitors and techniques to
mitigate them.
14:00
E02.2 SPATIALLY LIMITED EXPONENTIAL LENS DESIGN FOR IMPROVED FOCUSING OF AN IMPULSE
S. Altunc, C. E. Baum, C. G. Christodoulou, E. Schamiloglu, UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO, Albuquerque, NM,
United States
We discuss the design procedure for a spatially limited dielectric lens for better concentrating the fields at the second focus of a
prolate-spheroidal Impulse Radiating Antenna to increase the fields and decrease the spot size. We have an electromagnetic pulse
to illuminate the target located at the second focal point. One of the most important problems with concentrating the fields on the
target is reflection. The reflection of the pulse leads to a smaller field at the second focus where our target is buried. We discuss the
addition of a lens to better match the wave to the target.
14:20
E02.3 MICROWAVE PULSE COMPRESSION EXPERIMENTS AT LOW POWER
E. G. Farr, L. H. Bowen, Farr Research, Inc., Albuquerque, NM, United States; C. E. Baum, University of New Mexico,
Albuquerque, NM, Unites States; W. D. Prather, Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland AFB, NM, United States
Microwave Pulse Compression is a technique for converting a long-duration pulse of microwave power into a pulse with shorter
duration and higher amplitude. This is normally implemented by filling a resonant cavity with microwave power, and firing a switch
that upsets the cavity resonance, thereby dumping the power. In this paper, we demonstrate pulse compression at low power levels,
at 1.3 GHz, using a gas switch. We drove the cavity with a 100 W amplifier, and realized a gain of around 20 dB within the cavity,
and 12 dB at the output.
14:40
E02.4 TIME-DOMAIN FOCUSING RADAR FOR MEDICAL IMAGING
S. Xiao, Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Norfolk, VA, United States; K. H. Schoenbach, Frank Reidy
Research Center for Bioelectrics, Norfolk,VA, United States; C. E. Baum, Department of Electrical & Computer
Engineering, Albuquerque, NM, United States
A biomedical imaging system based on a high power, focusing, wideband antenna system is discussed. It will allow us to record
spatial and temporal changes of electrical properties of tissues in the human body, particularly cancerous tissue, which differs
greatly in both conductivity and permittivity from healthy tissue. Focusing is achieved by means of a prolate-spheroidal reflector,
which focuses the radiation generated by high voltage (kV) pulses of approximately 100 ps into a volume with centimeter
dimensions. The high power of the source allows a high signal-to-noise ratio even for signals strongly attenuated by the conductive
tissue.
15:00
E02.5 SYSTEM ORIENTED VIEW ON HIGH-POWER ELECTROMAGNETIC (HPEM) EFFECTS AND INTENTIONAL
ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE (IEMI)
F. Sabath, WIS, Munster, Germany
The last two decades have witnessed increased interest in High-Power Electromagnetics (HPEM), particularly generation of highpower electromagnetic fields and its effects on electronics. Up to now most investigations on HPEM characterizing the HPEM
environment (e.g. source output, HPEM threat) employing frequency domain parameter of classical EMC. Nevertheless an efficient
discussion of HPEM effects requires addition information on the time domain waveform as well as the probability of appetence. This
paper will analyze intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI) as a system. A novel system based interference model, which will
solve problems of current investigations will be introduced.
67
15:20
E02.6 DERIVING RETURN-STROKE CURRENTS FROM ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS EFFECTS OF INCREASING
COMPLEXITY IN THE VARIOUS PHYSICAL MODELS
R. L. Gardner, Consultant, Alexandria, VA, United States
Lightning return-stroke currents are often derived from measured electromagnetic fields distant from the return stroke. The
relationship between the fields and currents is quite complex and estimates of the currents depend on the various approximate
models of the return-stroke current distribution. This paper begins with a published current waveform and examines the limits on this
type of waveform from using various complex models. Calculating the current distribution on a lossy channel limits the highfrequency components to the region near the ground. Including the effect of propagation over lossy ground also leads to a
dispersive result.
15:40
End of the Session
68
SCINTILLATIONS, FADING AND DUCTING ALONG PROPAGATION LINKS
Session Chairs: Robert Watson, Madhu Chandra
Session
F04
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus EF
13:40
F04.1 HOURLY ATTENUATION DEPENDENCE, FADE DURATION AND FADE SLOPE DERIVED FROM
RADIOMETER MEASUREMENTS
A. C. D. Rocha, University of Aveiro/Institute of Telecommunications, Aveiro, Portugal; A.-M. E. Anca, University of
Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romenia
We present results on slant path attenuation at 20/30GHz measured by a radiometer operated in Portugal for more than 4 years.
The equipment characteristics, database overview and processing procedures are presented. Statistical results concerning hour
attenuation dependence are presented (up to 7dB) in a yearly basis and for the full database. Fade slope histograms results for
several thresholds and integration times are presented and compared with ITU-R P.1623 model. A small asymmetry between
negative and positive fade slopes is observed. Fade duration probability results are presented and follow a lognormal distribution up
to 4secs duration.
14:00
F04.2 SCINTILLATIONS OF KU BAND SATELLITE SIGNAL RELATED TO RAIN ATTENUATION AT A TROPICAL
LOCATION
A. Maitra, A. Adhikari, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
Scintillations of a Ku-band satellite signal are observed in association with rain attenuation at Kolkata, India. The wavelet analysis of
signal fluctuations, due to simultaneous occurrence of scintillations and attenuation, reveals relative impact of different scales of
refractivity structures on the signal at different time instants. A positive relationship exists between the peaks in global wavelet
spectrum due to attenuation and scintillations. The power-law relationship between the standard deviation of high-pass filtered fast
fluctuations and the attenuation value during rain events indicates that scintillations can be caused by both thin and thick layer of
turbulence during rain.
14:20
F04.3 TROPOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION MEASUREMENTS ON A KA-BAND SATELLITE LINK IN MADRID
1
2
1
1 1
P. Garcia del Pino , J. M. Garcia , J. M. Riera , A. Benarroch ; Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain;
2
Universidad de Jaen, Linares, Jaen, Spain
Tropospheric scintillation statistics have been obtained in Madrid using one year of slant-path measurements at 19.7 GHz. Fast
level fluctuations of up to 4 dB peak-to-peak have been recorded in several strong events during the summer months. Scintillation
intensity is related with high temperatures and cumulus-type clouds. Prediction models based on surface meteorological parameters
underestimate the monthly averages of variance in the summer months. In turn, the UCL radiosonde-based method predicts fairly
well the distributions of amplitude and variance. The results are similar to those obtained in a previous experiment at 50 GHz.
14:40
F04.4 QUANTIFICATION OF BENEFITS OF RECEIVER DIVERSITY IN MITIGATING SCINTILLATION ON KA BAND
DOWNLINKS
S. Enserink, M. P. Fitz, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
This paper quantifies, through the use of a multiple phase screen (MPS) simulation model, the benefits of using two receive
antennas to mitigate tropospheric-induced scintillation on a Ka band satellite downlink. Two representative turbulence profiles are
considered, and cumulative distribution curves for scintillation-induced attenuation are generated for selection combining and
maximal ratio combining schemes and compared to those for a single antenna. The results indicate that in moderate to strong
turbulence there can be significant diversity gains achieved by combining two antennas and the MPS technique is found to be a
useful tool for analyzing scintillation effects.
15:00
F04.5 GPS SIGNAL PROPAGATION IN TROPOSPHERIC DUCTS
G. C. Balvedi, F. Walter, Instituto Tecnologico de Aeronautica - ITA, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
The objective of this work is to predict the field strength of low elevation GPS signals in the presence of tropospheric ducts. Two
numerical methods were used: 1) Ray Tracing, a qualitative method based on the successive application of Snells law; 2) The
Parabolic Equation Method, a simplification of the wave equation that provides full wave solution to problems concerning
propagation in a two-dimensional refractive index structures. The power and elevation of the confined signals could be observed
and the possibility of positioning error occurrences due to the presence of ducts is verified.
69
15:20
F04.6 EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF AN AIR TO LAND CHANNEL OVER SEA SURFACE IN C BAND
Y. H. Lee, Y. S. Meng, Y. H. Heng, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
This paper presents the experimental study of an air to land link at 5.69GHz over the South China Sea. The ground station is
located at Seletar airport in Singapore. Sounding using continuous tones are recorded at 0.01s intervals. Through the experimental
analysis, it was found that for the long range terrestrial propagation at low grazing angel, the evaporation duct over the sea surface
seems to have little influence on the wave propagation. Depending on the placement of the antenna, the aircraft itself can shadow
the transmitted signal which results in a low received signal strength.
15:40
End of the Session
70
ASSIMILATION AND IMAGING OF THE IONOSPHERE AND PLASMASPHERE I
Session Chairs: G Bust, Norbert Jakowski, M Codrescu
Session
G04a
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand E
13:40
G04a.1 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS TO THE ELECTRON DENSITY ASSIMILATIVE MODEL (EDAM) AND THE
IMPACT OF EDAM ON IONOSPHERIC RADIO SYSTEMS
M. J. Angling, P. S. Cannon, QinetiQ, Malvern, United Kingdom
The Electron Density Assimilative Model (EDAM) has been developed to exploit a diverse range of data sources such as ground
and space based TEC measurements, ionograms, and in-situ electron densities. EDAM is a compromise solution for ionospheric
imaging that, in terms of complexity, lies between physical model assimilation systems and more data driven solutions. As such, it
uses a median model for its background, and uses Gauss-Markov Kalman Filter assimilation. This paper will discuss the techniques
used within EDAM; the impact of the choice of background model and variable; and the exploitation of EDAM within radio systems.
14:00
G04a.2 JPL/USC GAIM: USING COSMIC OCCULTATIONS TO ESTIMATE IONOSPHERIC STATE AND DRIVERS
B. Wilson, A. Komjathy, V. Akopian, X. Pi, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States
The Jet Propulsion Laboratory has developed a Global Assimilative Ionospheric Model (GAIM) to monitor space weather and
provide ionospheric specification for NASA. JPL/USC GAIM is a physics-based 3D data assimilation model that uses 4DVAR and
Kalman filter techniques to solve for the ion densities and key drivers, such as electrodynamics, neutral winds, and production terms.
GAIM accepts as input ground GPS, GPS and UV limb scans, in situ data, and ionosonde profiles. We will present results from
assimilation of ground GPS and COSMIC into GAIM, and validate the GAIM density profiles by comparisons to incoherent scatter
radar profiles.
14:20
G04a.3 STRUCTURAL FEATURES IN THE DISTURBED IONOSPHERE AS REVEALED BY RADIO TOMOGRAPHY
1
2
1
1
1
V. E. Kunitsyn , E. D. Tereshchenko , E. S. Andreeva , M. O. Nazarenko , I. A. Nesterov ,
1 1
2
A. M. Padokhin ; M.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Physics Faculty, Moscow, Russian Federation; Polar
Geophysical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Murmansk, Russian Federation
Results of radio tomographic (RT) imaging of the ionosphere during periods of severe geomagnetic storms (1991-2007) are
reported. Both methods of low-orbital (LO) and high-orbital (HO) radio tomography are used. During disturbed periods RT reveals
splitting of the trough and its equatorial shift, emergence of spots of enhanced ionization within the trough, diverse wavelike
structures, various AGW manifestations, steep gradients in electron density, etc. Abnormally high electron density values are often
detected. Ionospheric effects related to particle precipitation are analyzed. Numerous examples are shown and structural
peculiarities revealed in the ionosphere by LORT and HORT are discussed.
14:40
G04a.4 PC-BASED SYSTEM FOR REAL-TIME RECONSTRUCTION OF THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL IONOSPHERE
USING DATA FROM DIVERSE SOURCES
S. V. Fridman, L. J. Nickisch, M. Hausman, NorthWest Research Associates, Monterey, California, United States
We present a system for monitoring the ionosphere over a fixed geographical area. The system employs a nonlinear representation
for electron density that ensures positiveness of the solution. The system is able to utilize a variety of types of ionospheric data:
networks of ground-based and space based GPS receivers provide absolute TEC and relative TEC data; insitu electron density data
from LEO satellites, etc. Operation of the system is tested on real data with various data types simultaneously present. A new form
of the stabilizing functional is developed to ensure reasonable assimilation of the in-situ electron density data.
15:00
G04a.5 PLANETARY SCALE MODULATIONS IN THE MLTI REGION: RESULTS FROM CAWSES-INDIA CAMPAIGN
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
T. K. Pant , C. Vineeth , S. V. Thampi , G. Manju , S. Ravindran , V. Sreeja , R. M. Das , R. S. Dabas , S. Alex ,
4
1
5 1
2
K. Niranjan , R. Sridharan , J. H. Sastri ; Space Physics Laboratory, Trivandrum, India; National Physical
3
4
Laboratory, New Delhi, India; Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Mumbai, India; Andhra University, Visakhapatnam,
5
India; Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India
The planetary waves are known to have significant implications in the middle and lower atmosphere. However, their presence and
effects in the thermosphere-ionosphere regions are not well understood. In this context, this paper presents the CAWSES-India
campaign observations of the presence of these waves in the middle and upper atmosphere during March-April 2006. This paper
further presents the evidence of these waves modulating the equatorial electrodynamics and therefore the evolution and extent of
large-scale equatorial processes like the Equatorial Electrojet and Equatorial Ionization Anomaly. These new results will be
discussed in detail.
71
15:20
G04a.6 MULTI-DIMENSIONAL REPRESENTATION OF THE ELECTRON DENSITY FROM SATELLITE DATA
1
2
3
1
1
1
4 1
M. G. Schmidt , D. Bilitza , C. K. Shum , C. Zeilhofer , D. Dettmering , J. Zhang , L.-C. Tsai ; Deutsches
2
Geodaetisches Forschungsinstitut (DGFI), Munich, Germany; Heliospheric Physics Laboratory/GMU, NASA Goddard
3
Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, U.S.A.; Geodetic Science, School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State
4
University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A.; Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University,
Jhongli City, Taoyuan, China (SRS)
We present a multi-dimensional model of the electron density derived from GPS observations and (occultation) measurements of
space-borne receivers flying on low-Earth-orbiting (LEO) satellites. Our model consists of a given reference part, computed from IRI
and an unknown correction term, which is expanded as a series in multi-dimensional base functions, e.g., polynomial or
trigonometric B-splines. The unknown series coefficients can be calculated by applying parameter estimation procedures. We apply
our method to GNSS and COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 data. Furthermore, we validate our results with ionosonde measurements.
15:40
End of the Session
72
WAVE-PARTICLE INTERACTIONS AND RADIATION BELT REMEDIATION II
Session Chairs: G. Ganguli, Jay Albert, Keith Groves
Session
HG1b
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand F
13:40
HG1b.1 DEMETER OBSERVATIONS OF ELECTRON PRECIPITATION BY LIGHTNING-GENERATED WHISTLERS
AND VLF TRANSMITTER SIGNALS
1
2
3
1
1 1
U. S. Inan , M. Parrot , J.-A. Sauvaud , D. Piddyachiy , K. Graf ; Stanford University, Stanford, California, United
2
3
States; Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement, CNRS, Orleans, 45071, France; CESR/CNRS, 31028
Toulouse cedex 4, France
Precipitation of energetic electrons by externally injected lightning-generated whistlers and VLF transmitter signals is believed to be
a dominant loss mechanism for energetic electrons in the inner belt and slot regions. This precipitation can be observed as spectral
signatures corresponding to narrow frequency bands of transmission, or as temporal signatures in response to transient whistler
wave packets or on/off transmissions. The wave and energetic electron instruments on the DEMETER spacecraft provide the high
sensitivity, and high energy resolution required for such observations. In this paper, we present recent DEMETER observations of
both lightning- and transmitter-induced precipitation.
14:00
HG1b.2 EVALUATION OF WHISTLER-MODE CHORUS AMPLIFICATION DURING AN INJECTION EVENT
OBSERVED ON CRRES
1
1
2
2
1 1
W. Li , R. M. Thorne , N. P. Meredith , R. B. Horne , J. Bortnik ; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles,
2
CA, United States; British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom
The excitation of nightside chorus emissions is investigated during an injection of plasmasheet electrons into the inner
magnetosphere. CRRES data of the electron phase space density are used to model the distribution of injected electrons and the
path-integrated growth of chorus waves is then evaluated with the HOTRAY code. The results indicate that slightly higher electron
anisotropy than that obtained from the 5 minute-averaged electron distribution data is required to reproduce the observed wave
intensity, suggesting that the injected electron anisotropy is reduced due to pitch-angle scattering by the enhanced chorus waves
within the 5 minutes interval.
14:20
HG1b.3 ELECTRON HYBRID SIMULATION OF WHISTLER-MODE CHORUS GENERATION IN THE EARTH'S
INNER MAGNETOSPHERE
1,2
1 1
2
Y. Katoh , Y. Omura ; Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan; Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
We study the property of the generation process of chorus emissions by a self-consistent particle simulation reproducing rising
tones. Recently the generation mechanism of chorus has been explained by the nonlinear trapping theory. Based on the simulation
results, we investigate the dependence of the wave characteristics of chorus on the velocity distribution function of energetic
electrons.
14:40
HG1b.4 NONLINEAR WAVE GROWTH THEORY OF WHISTLER-MODE CHORUS EMISSIONS
1
1,2
1,3 1
2
Y. Omura , Y. Katoh , D. Summers ; Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan; Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi,
3
Japan; Memorical University, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada
Based on a self-consistent simulation study on chorus wave generation, we have analyzed the generation process of chorus
elements theoretically. It is found that the seeds of chorus emissions with rising frequency are generated near the magnetic equator
as a result of a nonlinear growth mechanism that depends on the wave amplitude. We derive the relativistic second-order resonance
condition for a whistler-mode wave with a varying frequency.
15:00
HG1b.5 ULTRA-RELATIVISTIC ACCELERATION OF RADIATION BELT ELECTRONS
D. Summers, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada; Y. Omura, Kyoto University, Uji , Kyoto,
Japan
We present a new particle acceleration mechanism called ultra-relativistic acceleration (URA). URA comprises electron energization
due to a special form of nonlinear phase trapping by a coherent whistler-mode wave in an assumed dipole magnetic field. Radiation
belt electrons that encounter a combination of relativistic turning acceleration (RTA) followed by multiple URA interactions can
undergo significant energy increase. Under ideal conditions, at Earth (L=4) several-hundred-keV electrons can be energized to
several MeV within a few seconds. URA can play a prominent role in generating relativistic electrons observed in the Earth's outer
zone.
73
15:20
HG1b.6 RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON INTERACTION WITH UPPER HYBRID WAVES AS A DRIVER OF
PRECIPITATION BURSTS
D. R. Shklyar, Space Research Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation; B. Kliem,
Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
Relativistic electron precipitation bursts from the outer zone of the radiation belt are discussed. As underlying mechanism of such
bursts, we suggest particle scattering into the loss cone due to higher-order cyclotron resonance interaction between relativistic
electrons and intense narrow-band upper hybrid waves, which are frequently observed outside the plasmapause. We discuss pro
and con of this mechanism in comparison with previously considered scattering of relativistic electrons by whistler-mode chorus.
Diffusion coefficients in phase space are calculated for the case of a single wave and for the case of a wide wavenumber spectrum
in an inhomogeneous plasma.
15:40
End of the Session
74
MM AND SUB-MM RADIO ASTRONOMY II
Session Chair: Tony Beasley
Session
J03b
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand A
13:40
J03b.1 THE FUTURE OF COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND OBSERVATIONS
N. W. Halverson, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
In the last decade, observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) have provided strong evidence in favor of an early
epoch of cosmic inflation, and together with other cosmological probes, have revealed that the universe is dominated by dark matter
and dark energy. Future observations of CMB polarization and fine-scale anisotropy will yield constraints on the physics of inflation,
the dark energy equation of state, neutrino mass, and reionization history of the universe. In this talk I will give an overview of
current and future ground, sub-orbital, and space-based CMB experiments, and discuss the expected science yield.
14:00
J03b.2 RECENT PROGRESS OF THE ATACAMA SUBMILLIMETER TELESCOPE EXPERIMENT (ASTE)
H. Ezawa, National Astromonical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
ASTE is a 10-m submillimeter telescope in Atacama desert since 2002 operated by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
and collaborators. Three major improvements have been done during the years 2007-2008; one of them being a continuum camera
"AzTEC", a 144 element bolometer array at 270-GHz, developed by University of Massachusetts. During the first year of
AzTEC/ASTE run we conducted various observations including three main observing projects: disks to cores, extensive survey of
submillimeter galaxies, and Sunyaev-Zel'doviich effect through galaxy clusters. Current status and achievements of ASTE will be
presented at the conference.
14:20
J03b.3 NEW GROUND-BASED RESULTS ON SOLAR ACTIVITY EMISSIONS AT SUBMILLIMETER AND MIDINFRARED WAVELENGTHS
P. Kaufmann, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Sao Paulo, Brazil
The solar submillimeter-wave telescope in El Leoncito, Argentina Andes, was considerably improved. A new solar flare terahertz
emission component was detected, spectrally separated from the microwave emissions. Rapid burst pulsations exhibit repetition
rates proportional to fluxes, suggesting discrete and quantized energetic injections. New mid-infrared observations show bright
areas associated to features in the visible and brightening associated to weak GOES soft X-rays bursts. THz emission might be
attributed to incoherent synchrotron radiation by ultra-relativistic bunched electron beams where instability may set in, producing
intense coherent synchrotron radiation at microwaves, similarly to processes in laboratory accelerators.
14:40
J03b.4 ASTE CO(3-2) IMAGING SURVEY OF THE GALAXY AND GALAXIES
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
K. Kohno , T. Tosaki , K. Muraoka , K. Nakanishi , H. Ezawa , R. Kawabe , T. Sawada , N. Kuno , K. Tanaka ,
2 1
2
N. Yamaguchi ; University of Tokyo, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Minamimaki,
Nagano, Japan
We have conducted large scale CO(3-2) imaging surveys of some selected regions of the Galaxy and nearby galaxies using the
Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment (ASTE) 10 m dish equipped with low noise SIS receivers (SC345/CATS345) and
digital spectrometers (MAC and WHSF). Highlights (e.g., Muraoka et al., 2007, PASJ, 59, 43; Tosaki et al, 2007, ApJ, 664, L27;
Minamidani et al., 2008, ApJS, in press, Kohno et al., 2008, PASJ, submitted; Oka et al., 2007, PASJ, 59, 15; Nagai et al., 2007,
PASJ, 59, 25, Tanaka et al., PASJ, 59, 323; etc.) will be presented.
15:00
J03b.5 SMA LINE SURVEY OF IRC+10216 IN THE 345 GHZ BAND
N. A. Patel, K. H. Young, R. W. Wilson, S. Bruenken, M. McCarthy, P. Thaddeus, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for
Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, United States; K. M. Menten, Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, Bonn,
Germany; D.-V. Trung, Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Taipei, China (SRS)
We have started a legacy project with the SMA to carry out a spectral-line survey of IRC+10216 in the frequency range of 300--355
GHz. These observations address the issues of formation of complex molecules, dust grains and the phenomenon of mass-loss in
AGB stars. About half of the frequency coverage has been completed in which 77 spectral lines were detected within a region of
3"x3" at the position of the star. The raw visibilities data as well as imaged data-cubes will be publicly made available upon
completion of the analysis.
75
15:20
J03b.6 ATMOSPHERIC PHASE CORRECTION FOR SUBMILLIMETER INTERFEROMETRY USING
STRATOSPHERIC OZONE LINE EMISSION
S. N. Paine, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA, United States
The non-uniformity and variability of water vapor in the troposphere often limit the performance of radio interferometers, by causing
fluctuating path delay which differs for each antenna's line of sight. The problem becomes particularly severe at submillimeter
wavelengths, where even in conditions of good atmospheric opacity, the fluctuating tropospheric delay can spoil the phase
coherence of the interferometer. We report on progress towards developing a new phase correction technique at the Submillimeter
Array, using the astronomical receiver to monitor attenuation of stratospheric ozone line emission by water vapor in the troposphere.
15:40
End of the Session
76
TUTORIAL K: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION AND HEALTH: EPIDEMIOLOGY
Session Chair: Frank Prato
Session
KT
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus KL
13:40
KT.1 EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HANDHELD CELLULAR TELEPHONE USE
AND CANCER RISK
D. Krewski, M. C. Turner, R. Habash, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
The expanded public use of wireless telecommunications devices over the last two decades has raised concerns about the potential
for adverse health effects from exposure to radiofrequency fields from mobile phones, base station transmitters, and wireless
computer networks. In this paper, the evidence from over 45 epidemiological studies of the association between handheld cellular
telephone use and cancer risk is reviewed in detail. The strengths and limitations of the current epidemiological literature are
examined, along with approaches to evaluating the overall weight of evidence linking mobile phone use and potential cancer risk.
Ongoing epidemiological studies and future research needs in this area are also discussed.
14:40
End of the Session
77
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION AND HEALTH: GENOTOXICITY
Session Chairs: M.R. Scarfi, - Vijayalaxmi
Session
K03b
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus KL
14:40
K03b.1 THE CYTOKINESIS-BLOCK MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY: EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND APPLICATION
IN BIOELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH
M. R. Scarfi, CNR-IREA, Naples, Italy
The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay is a sensitive and simple indicator of chromosome damage, which also provides
information on cell cycle progression and cytotoxicity. It was introduced in 1985 and has been successfully employed in many
laboratories on different cell types to monitor exposed population, to identify mutagen-sensitive individuals and for in vitro studies.
This cytogenetic technique has been largely employed to evaluate the induction of genotoxic effects of electromagnetic fields,
including radiofrequency radiation. The experimental procedure to evaluate the induction of micronuclei will be described and its
application in bioelectromagnetics research will be reviewed.
15:00
K03b.2 CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS: A TOOL TO EVALUATE GENETIC DAMAGE IN WIRELESS
COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH.
V. Vijayalaxmi, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
The possible effects of exposure to radiofrequency radiation (RFR) emitted from wireless communication devices on the genetic
material (DNA) are very important. Damage in the DNA of somatic cells can lead to the development of cancer. Several researchers
have used several different techniques to examine the extent of genotoxicity following in vitro and in vivo exposure of prokaryotic
and eukaryotic cells to RFR. The classical tool to evaluate the genetic damage is the incidence of chromosomal aberrations. The
technique to assess chromosomal aberrations will be presented and, the observations on chromosomal aberrations in RFR
publications will be reviewed and discussed.
15:20
K03b.3 EVALUATION OF MUTAGENICITY OF COMPLEX MAGNETIC FIELDS WITH STATIC AND EXTREMELY
LOW FREQUENCY COMPONENTS
1
1
2
2
1 1
M. Ikehata , S. Yoshie , Y. Suzuki , M. Taki , T. Hayakawa ; Railway Technical Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan;
2
Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
Mutagenicity of complex exposure to up to 5T, static magnetic field (MF) and up to 1mT, 50Hz MF was investigated. To investigate
the mutagenicity for this complex field, bacterial mutation assay (Ames test) using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100, and
also yeast mutation assay using Saccharomyces cerevisiae XD83 were performed. It was found that gene conversion/recombination
frequency in S. cerevisiae XD83 was slightly increased by exposure to complex MF with 5T static and 1mT, 50Hz MF while point
mutation frequency in S. cerevisiae and S. typhimurium was not affected. Possible mechanism and evaluation of mutagenicity will
be discussed.
15:40
End of the Session
78
URSI GA – Oral Presentations y Wednesday, August 13, 2008
CHARACTERISATION OF EM MATERIALS
Session Chair: Robert Clarke
Session
A06
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Wednesday, August 13, 08:00-10:20
Room
Columbus IJ
08:00
A06.1 CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS AND MODE STRUCTURE FOR HIGH-Q RESONATORS USING
BRAGG CONFINED MODES
J.-M. G. Le Floch, M. E. Tobar, University of Western Australia, CRAWLEY, WA, Australia; D. Mouneyrac, D. Cros,
University of Limoges, Limoges, France; J. Krupka, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
This paper describes the design of Bragg confined resonators. We investigate a range of lowloss dielectric materials with aim to
maximize the Q-factor. The structure is composed of a hollow dielectric cylinder with the mode confined in the central lowloss region.
We show it is possible to obtain a better Q-factor using higher permittivity material with larger intrinsic dielectric losses than single
crystal sapphire. Also we observed a new type of Hybrid Bragg Mode with a resonance at 13.4 GHz with an unloaded Q-factor of
2x10^5, which is six times above the dielectric loss limit.
08:20
A06.2 RELATIVE PERMITTIVITY MEASUREMENTS USING THE HIGHER-ORDER RESONANT MODES OF A
NEAR-FIELD MICROWAVE PROBE
1
2
1 1
2
M. D. Janezic , J. A. Jargon , J. Baker-Jarvis ; NIST, Boulder, CO, United States; NIST, Boulder, CO, United State
We demonstrate that the higher-order resonant modes of a near-field microwave probe can be used to quantitatively measure the
relative permittivity of low-loss dielectric materials, thereby broadening the frequency range of the technique. In order to assess the
accuracy of the near-field probe measurements, we compare with relative permittivity measurements performed with both split-post
and split-cylinder resonators.
08:40
A06.3 BIOCOMPATIBILITY STUDY OF BIPHASIC-CHITOSAN - SOYA MEAL COMPOSITE
R. A. Kachiramattom, M. T. Kattackal, U. G. Kalappura, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala,
India
Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) measurements of various ratios of Biphasic, Chitosan and Soya meal bioceramic composites at the
S band of frequencies are presented. All of these composites have similar SAR behavior. This coincidence is very beneficial for
making biomedical implants with higher biocompatibility. Dielectric properties of the composites are also presented. Dielectric
parameter of the composites resembles with that of human muscle, liver, fat, bone etc. Thus they can also be used as phantom
materials in medical imaging
09:00
A06.4 EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES FOR LOSSY PERIODIC COMPOSITE
STRUCTURES USING A FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD
J. Chen, University of Houston, Houston,TX, United States
In this paper, we introduce a three-dimensional numerical procedure to evaluate frequency-dependent and anisotropic electrical
properties of arbitrary three-dimensional mixtures/formations. Only a unit element is required in the modeling. The numerical
technique is based on a periodic three-dimensional finite-difference method. Several numerical examples are used to demonstrate
effectiveness of this method. It is shown that this method can be applied to characterize medium heterogeneous properties for
mixtures with anisotropies in both mixture geometries and medium electrical properties.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
A06.5 HIGH-FREQUENCY CHARACTERIZATION OF SELF-ALIGNED Z-AXIS INTERCONNECTS
S. Moon, W. Chappell, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; T. Brummer, S. K. Khanna, Nexaura
Systems, LLC, Carmel, IN, United States
A novel anisotropic conductive adhesive is investigated for high-frequency applications. In the presence of a DC magnetic field,
columns for interconnecting between a chip and substrate are created by the self-alignment of ferromagnetic particles into
conductive columns within an epoxy. To demonstrate its performance, coplanar waveguides with 80 micron x 100 micron transitions
are fabricated on silicon substrates and then they are assembled with a high-accuracy flip-chip bonding process. As a result, loss
difference from a sample with solder-bumps is less than 0.5 dB per transition in the entire range up to 30 GHz.
79
10:00
A06.6 A NON-INVASIVE METAMATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION SYSTEM USING SYNTHETIC GAUSSIAN
APERTURE
J.-Y. Chung, K. Sertel, J. L. Volakis, Electrosience Lab at the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
A new free-space measurement approach for characterizing RF materials and metamaterials over a wide frequency range is
presented. As an alternative to widely used spot-focused horn pair systems, the proposed technique synthetically generates a
Gaussian beam with a tight spot focused on the sample under test. Accordingly, the bandwidth limitations originated from the
difficulties in fabricating lenses of the conventional system can be resolved. Theoretical studies and design configurations for the
new system employing both planar and spherical apertures are discussed. The technique is validated using a simple dielectric slab
and complex metamaterial made of uniaxial material layers.
10:20
End of the Session
80
PHYSICAL LIMITATIONS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC METAMATERIALS
Session Chairs: Ari Sihvola, Arthur Yaghjian, Christophe Caloz
Session
BCD
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand B
08:00
BCD.1 PHYSICAL BOUNDS ON SCATTERING BY METAMATERIALS
G. Kristensson, C. Sohl, M. Gustafsson, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Due to causality of the scattered field in the forward direction and the optical theorem, the extinction cross section satisfies a sum
rule. The result states that the weighted integral of the extinction cross section over all frequencies is related to the static
polarizability dyadics of the object, irrespectively whether the permittivity or the permeability attain negative real parts at higher
frequencies or not. Physical bounds on scattering for general material models are derived. The theory is illustrated with closed form
expressions of the polarizability dyadics of a Lorentz and a chiral sphere.
08:20
BCD.2 SENSITIVITIES OF WAVE TYPES ON METAMATERIALS
A. Ishimaru, J. R. Thomas, S. Jaruwatanadilok, Y. Kuga, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
This paper first presents a review of various wave types which can exist on the boundaries between metamaterials and
homogeneous layers. These wave types include surface waves, lateral waves, Zenneck waves, the Goos-Hanchen shifts, spacetime wave packets, and plasmon resonances. These waves are sensitive to small variations in permittivity, permeability, and
frequency, in particular when the refractive index is close to -1. We discuss poles, branch points, proper and improper waves, and
forward and backward surface waves and lateral waves, the Goos-Hanchen shift and Plasmon resonances on small variations of
permittivity and permeability.
08:40
BCD.3 FIELDS IN PERFECT ELECTROMAGNETIC CONDUCTOR
I. V. Lindell, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland
The problem of finding unique fields in perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) is considered by analyzing transmission of an
obliquely incident plane wave to PEMC half space and slab. It is shown that uniqueness depends on the exact definition of the
PEMC medium conditions. Three possible medium conditions are tested, out of which only one, defining PEMC as the limiting case
of a Tellegen medium, leads to uniqueness for fields inside the PEMC. Reflected fields are unique and the fields transmitted through
the PEMC slab vanish for all cases.
09:00
BCD.4 ASSESSING THE PHYSICAL LIMITATIONS OF SYNTHESIZED METAMATERIALS THROUGH RIGOROUS
NUMERICAL MODELING
R. Mittra, L.-C. Ma, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States; N. Farahat, Polytechnic
University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
Effective medium type of description of artificially synthesized media, which include metamaterials, is widely employed for the
characterization of such media, since the above parameters are straightforward to use. Once we have obtained them, a natural
question to ask, is: Are there any Physical Limitations that would inhibit us from realizing the performance as predicted via the use of
effective medium approach? In this paper, we answer this question by first examining the techniques for deriving the effective
medium parameters of the metamaterial slab of interest, and then performing rigorous numerical simulations of the same using
different type of excitations.
09:20
BCD.5 LOWER BOUNDS ON QUALITY FACTOR FOR ANTENNAS CONTAINING BIANISOTROPIC MATERIAL
A. D. Yaghjian, S4 Inc, Concord, MA, United States
With the possibility of new metamaterials having constitutive parameters with unusual values, it is conceivable that these
metamaterials could be used to increase the bandwidth of antennas. However, in this paper we show that a quality factor (Q) that
appears to be generally applicable to a single resonance or antiresonance of a tuned antenna containing lossy or lossless
dispersive bianisotropic material has a spherical lower bound that cannot be less than the least Chu lower bound. It is further shown
that this least lower bound can always be obtained, in principle, with electric and magnetic surface currents.
81
09:40
BCD.6 A REVIEW OF ELECTRICALLY SMALL ANTENNAS IMMERSED IN A DIELECTRIC
1
1
2
1 1
E. E. Altshuler , T. H. O'Donnell , S. R. Best , B. Kaanta ; Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, MA,
2
United States; Mitre Corporation, Bedford, MA, United States
Placing an electrically small antenna in a dielectric reduces the resonant frequency of the antenna, thereby making the antenna
electrically smaller, but also reduces the antenna efficiency because of dielectric loss. The net result is that the increased dielectric
constant causes the Q to increase while the increase in the loss tangent causes the Q to decrease. This somewhat complex
relationship is investigated. We conducted simulations and measurements of two electrically small antennas in free space and then
immersed the antennas in powders having dielectric constants of 4, 9 and 12 and also in multiferroic media.
10:00
BCD.7 BANDWIDTH LIMITATIONS IN SMALL ANTENNAS COMPOSED OF NEGATIVE PERMITTIVITY MATERIALS
AND METAMATERIALS
H. R. Stuart, LGS, Bell Labs Innovations, Whippany, NJ, United States
This paper presents an analysis of the bandwidth limitations of small antennas composed of negative permittivity materials of
arbitrary shape and dispersion relationship. The Q-factor of such structures is proportional to the frequency derivative of the
permittivity. Causality places a strict lower bound on the Q-factor, and this lower bound is achieved by assuming a material obeying
the Drude dispersion relationship. In this case, the equation for Q reduces to Wheeler's classic equation for small antennas,
suggesting that small negative permittivity antennas can match the performance of conventional lumped element small antennas.
Numerical simulations confirm these results.
10:20
BCD.8 LIMITATIONS OF PLASMONIC CLOAKING AT MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL FREQUENCIES
A. Alu, N. Engheta, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
In this talk, we provide an overview of our most recent findings on our technique that employs metamaterials and plasmonic
structures to design cloaks. After showing how the total scattering cross section of an isolated dielectric object (of the order of half
wavelength) may be drastically reduced by surrounding it with a suitably designed metamaterial, we have extended these concepts
to conducting objects, multiple particles, multi-frequency operation, presence of reflectors, larger objects and realistic loss and
dispersion. Here we review these results and provide some physical insights into this cloaking mechanism and its limitations in
different frequency regimes.
10:40
End of the Session
82
UWB ANTENNAS
Session Chairs: Abdel Sebak, Tapan Sarkar
Session
B08
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus EF
08:00
B08.1 A PRIORI ESTIMATES ON THE PARTIAL REALIZED GAIN OF UWB-ANTENNAS
C. Sohl, M. Gustafsson, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
A summation rule valid for a large class of linear and reciprocal antennas is presented in terms of the electric and magnetic
polarizability dyadics. The identity is based on the holomorphic properties of the forward scattering dyadic and includes arbitrary
shaped antennas modeled by linear and time-translational invariant constitutive relations. In particular, a priori estimates on the
partial realized gain are introduced, and lower bounds on the onset frequency is derived for two important archetypes of UWBantennas. The theory is illustrated by numerical simulations of the equiangular planar spiral antenna with excellent agreement.
08:20
B08.2 A SPHERICALLY-CAPPED DISCONE ANTENNA FOR ULTRA-WIDEBAND OPERATION
D. Ghosh, T. K. Sarkar, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States; E. L. Mokole, Naval Research Laboratory,
Washington, DC, United States
The wide-angle discone antenna terminated by a truncated spherical cap is investigated. It is simulated in both the time and the
frequency domains. The radiation pattern has been observed for various values of signifying all the ranges of operation of the
antenna. It is seen that for large values of the radiation pattern is limited within an angular sector determined by the cone angles of
the discone. The transient radiated and received responses of the antenna for wideband operation have been obtained. The
waveshapes of the transient fields bear a certain relationship with the shape of the input pulse.
08:40
B08.3 INVESTIGATIONS ON ULTRA-WIDE BANDWIDTH PENTAGON SHAPE MICROSTRIP SLOT ANTENNA
BACKED BY REFLECTING SHEET FOR DIRECTIONAL RADIATION PATTERNS
S. K. Sharma, S. K. Rajgopal, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States
Investigation results of an ultra-wideband (UWB) pentagon shape planar microstrip slot antenna backed by a conducting reflecting
sheet is presented, which aims to provide directional radiation patterns. The antenna shows an impedance bandwidth of 129% from
2.50GHz to 11.50GHz with the gain variation from 7dBi to 3dBi for a spacing d= 20 mm. However, better directionality can be
obtained using a combination of d = 5mm and 10mm spacing with reduced matching levels. The antenna has been fabricated and
will be experimentally tested. This UWB antenna can find applications in compact devices where controlled back radiation is desired.
09:00
B08.4 NOTCH BAND OPTIMIZATION OF PLANAR ULTRA WIDE BAND ANTENNA USING GA
A. Pradeep, V. A. Shameena, S. Mridula, B. Paul, P. Mohanan, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi,
Kerala, India
Ultra Wide Band antennas are capable of high data transmission rates and can be used for communication applications in the
frequency band from 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz. Notched characteristics in WLAN frequency band is desired in UWB antennas to reject
interference with existing WLAN technologies (5.1 5.825 GHz). The paper presents optimization of the notch band in an Ultra Wide
Band (UWB) serrated monopole antenna using a modified Genetic Algorithm approach. The new approach of GA gives excellent
performance with 71% reduction in slot area compared to conventional antenna with a faster convergence rate of 8 generations.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
B08.5 A BAND-REJECTED PRINTED ELLIPTICAL ANTENNA FOR UWB WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
A. A. Alshehri, A. R. Sebak, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
A band-rejected printed elliptical antenna with a notch cut and a U-like slot is proposed. It is designed for Ultra Wideband (UWB)
wireless communications with a stop-band notch in the 5-GHz bands. To obtain the band-rejected characteristic of 5.2/5.8 GHz, the
U-like slot is embedded in the elliptical patch. The operation bandwidth of the designed antenna is 2.97-15.09 GHz with band
rejection of 4.90-5.86 GHz. The proposed antenna provides a good radiation pattern and a relatively flat gain over the entire
frequency band.
83
10:00
B08.6 ULTRA COMPRESSED PARAMETRIC MODELING OF UWB ANTENNA MEASUREMENTS USING
SYMMETRIES
C. Roblin, A. Sibille, ENSTA, Paris, France
The need for antenna models, both simple and realistic is more and more often expressed in the context of UWB communications.
This paper addresses this topic through an approach based on a drastic reduction of the descriptive parameters set of antennas
based on the Spherical Modes Expansion Method using the antenna symmetries or pseudo symmetries. This allows to achieve high
"compression rates" of UWB antenna measured Transfer Functions.
10:20
End of the Session
84
ULTRAWIDEBAND SYSTEMS I
Session Chairs: Lutz Lampe, Dennis Goeckel
Session
C05a
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus GH
08:20
C05a.1 ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR INDOOR LOCATION-BASED SERVICES
C.-C. Chong, I. Guvenc, F. Watanabe, H. Inamura, DoCoMo USA Labs, Palo Alto, CA, United States
Location awareness is one of the fundamental problems in tomorrows wireless networks. With the advent of GPS, LBS have found
applications in many different fields. However, in indoor environments the GPS signal is typically unavailable. Here, we envisioned
the UWB radio as a potential technology to realize indoor LBS applications. Firstly, an overview of some commonly used TOAbased ranging and localization techniques are presented. Then, we introduce an iterative type of TOA-based localization technique
that exploits the channel statistics information. Finally, since NLOS condition is the dominant factor in indoor environment, NLOS
mitigation techniques will be discussed.
08:40
C05a.2 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF THE ENERGY DETECTION BASED TOA ESTIMATOR FOR MB-OFDM
UWB
H. Xu, L. Yang, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
The Cramer-Rao Bound (CRB) analysis shows that ultra-wideband (UWB) technique can provide precise timing and positioning,
thanks to its huge bandwidth. In this paper, we apply the UWB signal for the energy detection based time-of-arrival (ToA) estimation.
We analyze the mistiming performance of the ToA estimator in a general Nakagami-m channel. Analysis shows that the slope of the
probability of mistiming curve increases as the number of subbands increases. This is known in communications as diversity.
Simulations are also carried out to corroborate our theoretical analysis.
09:00
C05a.3 BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF UWB
R. M. Buehrer, C. Li, J. M. Kelly, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
This summary presents an overview of the application of Ultra Wideband (UWB) signals to biomedical applications and describes
the contents of the full paper to come. Specifically, the full paper examines UWB applied to remote vital signs monitoring and gait
analysis. We provide an overview of the potential for using UWB in these applications along with a summary of recent results.
Results from previous studies are summarized and new results will be presented for both applications in the full paper.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
C05a.4 ULTRA LOW POWER UWB MODEM DESIGN: EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION AND PERFORMANCE
EVALUATION
C. Steiner, H. Luecken, T. Zasowski, F. Troesch, A. Wittneben, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
A major constraint in the design of wireless body area networks (BAN) and sensor networks is battery autonomy. For nodes with
burst-wise transmission autonomy is efficiently achieved by sleep cycles. We have recently proposed an energy detection based
UWB transceiver structure featuring an average data rate of 500kbps with a total power consumption of less than 1mW. In this work
we present an experimental testbed for our design, which is able to obtain over-the-air performance results and allows to directly
observe the impact of physical effects of the environment on BAN communication.
10:00
C05a.5 COMBINING WIRELESS OPTICAL AND UWB FOR LOW DATA RATE APPLICATIONS
M.-G. Di Benedetto, L. De Nardis, G. Corbellini, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
Recent developments in Ultra Wide Band (UWB) led to the definition of the Impulse Radio (IR) UWB-based IEEE 802.15.4a
standard for low rate communications. UWB is characterized by large bandwidth and limited emission power; UWB communications
may, therefore, be severely affected by external interference. Combining IR-UWB with Diffuse Wireless Optical (DWO), both
impulsive in nature, can overcome such limitation. We propose a common Medium Access Control protocol that selects the most
suitable physical layer, UWB vs. DWO, as a function of external interference. Simulation results indicate that performance may be
strongly improved by the proposed strategy.
85
10:20
C05a.6 ON THE PDF OF MULTIPLE ACCESS INTERFERENCE IN TIME-HOPPING UWB SYSTEMS
N. C. Beaulieu, I. Hosseini, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
A theoretical model that fully explains the salient features of the probability density function (PDF) of the multiple access interference
(MAI) in time-hopping UWB (TH-UWB) systems is discussed. The proposed model is enabled by considering simplified low-duty
cycle rectangular and triangular pulses, but reveals precisely why a Gaussian approximation for the MAI in TH-UWB systems is
highly inaccurate even when a large number of interferers are present. This theoretical model predicts correctly impulses,
singularities, and heavy tails found in the distribution of the MAI. Results obtained from the model are validated by simulation.
10:40
End of the Session
86
TRANSISTOR SESSION
Session Chair: Mikael Ostling
Session
D04
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus AB
08:00
D04.1 ON THE PERFORMANCE LIMITS OF SI-BASED BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS: EXTENDING SIGE HBTS INTO
THE THZ DOMAIN
J. D. Cressler, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
Many record-setting digital, analog, and RF through mm-wave circuits have been demonstrated using SiGe HBT technology, and
performance of advanced prototype SiGe HBTs have achieved peak frequencies above 500 GHz (at low temperatures) at very
modest (130 nm) lithography nodes. As the TeraHertz (THz) electronics era rapidly approaches for envisioned applications in the
100-300 GHz range (and higher), it is logical to wonder about the ultimate speed limits of SiGe HBTs, and whether low-cost, highlyintegrated Si-based solutions can be extended into the THz domain, and this is addressed in the present paper.
08:25
D04.2 CURRENT TUNEABLE SPIN TORQUE OSCILLATORS AT 80 GHZ AND BEYOND
J. Akerman, KTH, Kista, Sweden
Broadband microwave oscillators, e.g. YIG oscillators, are crucial for communication, radar, and instrumentation applications but
remain expensive and difficult to integrate. The Spin Torque Oscillator (STO) is a modern nanoscopic analog: It is extremely broad
band, can achieve high spectral purity, is current and field tuneable and, most importantly, integrates readily on any semiconductor
technology without requiring significant chip area. We demonstrate multi octave STO operation up to a record frequency of 45 GHz
(instrumentation limited). The frequency can be tuned linearly with current and field (100 Mhz/mA, 2 MHz/G). Our extrapolation
suggests operation above 80 GHz.
08:50
D04.3 A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS USING MODELING AND SIMULATION TO STUDY THE IMPACT OF
MULTILAYERED GATE DIELECTRIC (MGD) DESIGN ON DEVICE PERFORMANCE OF SURROUNDING GATE
MOSFET
1
1
2
1 1
H. Kaur , S. Kabra , S. Haldar , R. S. Gupta ; Semiconductor Devices Research Laboratory, Department of
2
Electronic Science, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, India; Motilal Nehru College, Delhi University, New
Delhi, India
A 2-D analytical model is presented to study the impact of multi-layered gate dielectric (MGD) design on the device performance of
surrounding gate MOSFETs and its effectiveness in suppressing short channel effects and hot carrier effects is investigated. The
model is developed by solving the Poisson equation in cylindrical coordinates and it is demonstrated that besides improving the
short channel immunity and hot carrier reliability, MGD architecture also leads to enhanced transport efficiency, gate controllability
and improved current drivability. The analytical results are compared with simulated data obtained from device simulator ATLAS and
a good agreement is found.
09:05
D04.4 INVESTIGATING THE LINEARITY PERFORMANCE OF DMG ALGAN/GAN HEMT FOR IMPROVED RF
APPLICATIONS
1
2
1
1
1 1
2
S. P. Kumar , A. Agrawal , R. Chaujar , M. Gupta , R. S. Gupta ; Delhi University, New Delhi, India; Acharya
Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
In the present work, Dual Material Gate (DMG) AlGaN/GaN HEMT has been studied for its improved linearity performance on the
basis of VIP3 and compared with the conventional AlGaN/GaN HEMT. The influence of device parameters such as the channel
length, drain bias variations, doping of barrier layer, thickness of the barrier layer and spacer layer has been investigated using
ATLAS device simulation. A properly designed DMG AlGaN/GaN HEMT can thus improve the linearity performance significantly due
to its enhanced carrier transport velocity, reduced short channel effects for application in third generation mobile communication and
low noise amplifiers.
09:20
End of the Session
87
TUTORIAL D: SILICON NANOPHOTONICS
Session Chair: F. de Fornel
Session
DT
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus AB
09:40
DT.1 MANIPULATING LIGHT ON A SILICON CHIP
M. Lipson, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
Photonics on chip could enable a platform for monolithic integration of optics and microelectronics for applications of optical
interconnects in which high data streams are required in a small footprint. Recent results in Si Nanophotonics have shown the ability
to guide, filter, bend and split light on Silicon chips using nano-size structures. In this talk I will review the challenges and
achievement in the field of Silicon Nanophotonics and present our recent results on ultra-compact passive and active silicon
photonic components with high performance.
10:40
End of the Session
88
INTERACTION WITH COMPLEX SYSTEMS
Session Chairs: Marcello D'Amore, Joe LoVetri
Session
E04
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus CD
08:00
E04.1 COUPLING AND INTERACTION OF HIGH-POWER ELECTROMAGNETIC (HPEM) RADIATION WITH
UNDERGROUND FACILITIES
F. M. Tesche, EM Consultant, Saluda, NC, United States; P. Bertholet, armasuisse, Spiez, Switzerland; D. V. Giri,
Pro-Tech, Alamo, CA, United States
This paper describes high-power electromagnetic (HPEM) measurements made in a Swiss test-bed or a buried facility during 2000
[1 and 2] and also at an actual Civil Defense facility in Gurmels, Switzerland during 2003 [3]. Test data for both pulse and CW
illuminations was measured for the prototype facility. The pulse illumination was accomplished by using the Swiss Impulse Radiating
Antenna (Swiss IRA) system, fed by a commercial pulse generator. CW measurements were made using the same antenna, but
with a network analyzer and wideband amplifier. Only CW illumination was used with the Swiss IRA in Gurmels, Switzerland.
08:20
E04.2 DEGRADATION AND NON-LINEAR EFFECTS IN CORRODED EMC JOINTS EXPOSED TO HIGH POWER
MICROWAVES (HPM)
M. G. Bäckström, Saab Communication, Linkping, Sweden; O. Lundn, T. Martin, Swedish Defence Research Agency
FOI, Linkping, Sweden
Determination of shielding effectiveness is vital in the analysis of a systems capability to withstand High Power Microwaves (HPM).
It is usually assumed that shielding effectiveness, determined at low field levels, is valid also at HPM threat levels. This assumption
might be refuted by occurrence of nonlinear effects, creating new frequency components of the transmitted pulse. HPM irradiation
may also result in damage of shielding joints. Measurements have been performed on 31 corroded EMC joints. No major
degradation could be detected after HPM irradiation at 3 GHz. Most of the objects showed none, or only a moderate generation, of
harmonics.
08:40
E04.3 NANOSTRUCTURED TRANSPARENT SHIELDING OF ENCLOSURES WITH APERTURE AGAINST EMP
INTERACTION
M. D'Amore, S. Greco, M. S. Sarto, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
The transient shielding performances of a nanostructured transparent shield installed on the aperture of a metal enclosure excited
by an EMP-plane wave are analyzed. The screen consists of 17 alternating thin layers of metal (Ag) and dielectric (TiO2) materials.
The 3D-FDTD simulation tool implementing the sub-cell model of the thin multilayered shield allows predicting the spatial distribution
of the transient electric and magnetic fields inside the enclosure. The electromagnetic energy coupled with the unshielded and
shielded box is obtained from the time integration of the transient power, which is the Poynting vector flux through the aperture.
09:00
E04.4 INFLUENCE OF PASSENGERS ON THE MUTUAL COUPLING OF DEVICES IN A SIMPLIFIED FUSELAGE
C. A. Balanis, B. Yang, C. R. Birtcher, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
In this paper, the influence of human passengers on the mutual coupling of devices in a rectangular scale model fuselage is
examined. The coupling is compared to that of an empty fuselage. Both measured and simulated results are presented and
compared.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
E04.5 MODELING OF THE REVERBERATION CHAMBER METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF PLC SYSTEM
IMMUNITY
R. De Leo, G. Gradoni, F. Moglie, V. Mariani Primiani, Universita` Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
The paper deals about reverberation chamber methods applied to the immunity analysis of power line communication systems for
aircraft applications. More precisely, this testing method is modeled by a in-house FDTD program. Both the testing environment and
the device under test are complex systems and their interaction requires a complete description of the reverberation chamber field in
a statistical sense and an accurate representation of the power line network including cables and enclosures. Reverberation
chambers well represent an aircraft cabin, where multiple wall reflections affect the field propagation. Realistic structures have been
fabricated to experimentally validate the numerical approach.
89
10:00
E04.6 CALIBRATION OF DIRECTION FINDING ANTENNAS IN COMPLEX ENVIRONMENT
A. Bellion, C. Le Meins, THALES, Cholet, France; A. Vergonjanne, T. Monediere, XLIM, Limoges, France
This paper focus on the generation of calibration tables for direction finding antennas (DFA) using an electromagnetic software.
Indeed, calibration table realization for DFA is generally a very long and complex manipulation. Moreover, for DFA on complex
carriers, it can be a very complex and expensive manipulation. Nevertheless, all interaction types with the carrier must be take into
account. This study compares data obtained from simulations and the ones measured on a DFA on helicopter at 329MHz. The
results show that the simulated calibration table give very good results, which is very interesting for industrial applications.
10:20
E04.7 ANALYTICAL ESTIMATION OF THE THREAT OF IEMI TO ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
1
2
1 1
2
S. Korte , F. Sabath , H. Garbe ; University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Armed Forces Scientific Institute for
Protection Technologies (WIS), Munster, Germany
A simple method to estimate the perturbation thresholds of electronic circuits exposed to an electromagnetic field is shown. The
method is based on a simplified calculation of coupled-in waveforms and their comparison to the logic levels of the electronic device
under consideration of its static and dynamic behavior. The mathematical background is shown and the perturbation of different real
electronic systems is estimated and compared to measurements.
10:40
End of the Session
90
MODIFICATION OF THE IONOSPHERE AND MAGNETOSPHERE
Session Chairs: Keith Groves, M Kosch, O A. Molchanov, Y Ruzhin
Session
GHE
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand E
08:00
GHE.1 ELF/VLF WAVE-INJECTION EXPERIMENTS AND MAGNETOSPHERIC PROBING WITH HAARP
U. S. Inan, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States
Located on closed sub-auroral field lines, the High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) heater in Gakona, Alaska
is well positioned for conduct of ELF/VLF wave-injection experiments. With the completion of a major upgrade of the HAARP HF
heating facility in 2007, campaigns are now carried out with data recorded at several sites in Alaska and in the conjugate
hemisphere (on ships or Buoys). Initial results include observation of several episodes of one-hop and/or two-hop amplified whistlermode signals/triggered emissions, initiated by constant frequency pulses and/or signals with other frequency-time shapes.
08:20
GHE.2 FREQUENCY DEPENDENCE OF VLF WAVE GENERATION AT GAKONA, ALASKA
1
1
1
2
2
2,3 1
S. P. Kuo , M. Rubinraut , Y.-L. Wu , R. Pradipta , J. A. Cohen , M. C. Lee ; Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, NY,
2
3
United States; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; Boston University, Boston, MA,
United States
Experiments using intensity-modulated HF heater waves to interact with electrojet currents for the generation of VLF waves were
conducted at Gakona, Alaska. The experimental results show that VLF wave intensity has a peak at 8 kHz, rather than decreasing
monochromatically with the frequency as commonly expected. In the experiments, enhancement of spread-E irregularities at
electrojet current altitudes was monitored. It suggests that the coupling of the modulated electrojet to heater-enhanced density
irregularities could be the mechanism more effectively producing VLF waves.
08:40
GHE.3 PARAMETRIC PROCESSES AND HF-INDUCED AIRGLOW AT THE MAGNETIC ZENITH
E. V. Mishin, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States; T. R. Pedersen, Research Vehicles Directorate,
Hanscom AFB, MA, United States; M. J. Kosch, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
We discuss the novel results of multi instrument observations of HF ionospheric modifications at the magnetic zenith during O-mode
pumping near the second electron gyroharmonic (2GH) from the HAARP heating facility. These observations indicate that both the
thermal and parametric instabilities can coexist above 2GH and that up to four mechanisms of electron acceleration can be acting.
Clear evidence is found from the SuperDARN radar coherent scattering observations for the presence of lower hybrid (LH) waves.
We show that the parametric decay instability producing Langmuir waves can develop outside the Spitze region, consistent with
UHF incoherent scatter radar observations.
09:00
GHE.4 JOINT HF INTERFEROMETER AND RADIO TOMOGRAPHY OBSERVATIONS OF THE ARTIFICIALLY
MODIFIED IONOSPHERE
E. D. Tereshchenko, R. Y. Yurik, B. Z. Khudukon, Polar Geophysical Institute, Murmansk, Russia; M. T. Rietveld,
EISCAT Scientific Association, Ramfjordmoen, Norway; V. F. Frolov, Radiophysical Research Institute, Nizhny
Novgorod, Russia; B. Isham, Interamerican University, Bayamon, Puerto Rico, USA; V. Belyey, University of Tromso,
Tromso, Norway
High frequency ionospheric modification experiments were performed in Russia and Norway in 2005, using the Sura and EISCAT
HF facilities. Simultaneous radio tomography electron density observations and stimulated electromagnetic emission (SEE)
interferometer measurements are presented. Both transmitters operated at 4544 kHz and the main lobes of the Sura and EISCAT
antennas were inclined 12 and 8 south of vertical, respectively. Both small-scale plasma enhancements and large-scale density
irregularities are generated at mid- and high latitudes. Deviations of the satellite signal scintlillation peak,and the SEE location from
the magnetic zenith and the main HF beam are discussed.
91
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
GHE.5 SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THE IONOSPHERE MODIFIED BY POWERFUL HF RADIO WAVES
V. L. Frolov, V. O. Rapoport, Radiophysical Research Institute (NIRFI, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia), Nizhny Novgorod,
Russian Federation; A. S. Belov, G. A. Markov, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian
Federation; E. D. Tereshchenko, B. Z. Khudukon, Polar Geophysical Institute, Murmansk, Russian
Federation; M. Parrot, LPCE, CNRS, Orleans, France
To study spatial structure of the ionosphere disturbed volume over the Sura heating facility, we performed satellite radio tomography
measurements of plasma density perturbations and in situ plasma density and temperature measurements by instruments aboard
satellite DEMETER. We observed: 1) generation of artificial large-scale plasma density and electron temperature irregularities
occupying a region of ~ 300- 400 km in the N-S direction, as well as existence of a solitary depletion with a negative plasma density
variation; 2) formation of a duct at altitude of ~ 700 km with increased plasma density of ~ 20-30 % relatively to a background
density.
10:00
GHE.6 HF MODIFICATION OF MIDLATITUDE SPORADIC E LAYERS
F. T. Djuth, Geospace Research, Inc., El Segundo, CA, United States; P. A. Bernhardt, Naval Research Laboratory,
Washington, DC, United States
This paper provides a comprehensive description of the interaction of powerful HF waves with sporadic E above Arecibo
Observatory. Previously unpublished data are used to illustrate the enhancement of field-aligned irregularities above the natural FAI
level, the heating of the electrons within the layer, the resulting airglow, and the nature of API and SEE excited at Arecibo. Particular
attention is paid to HF interactions in the presence of very steep electron density gradients where growth times of the HF-enhanced
plasma line/ion line are very small and large overshoots in the echoes are observed at HF turn-on.
10:20
End of the Session
92
FUTURE LARGE TELESCOPES II
Session Chair: Peter Wilkinson
Session
J01b
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand A
08:00
J01b.1 E-VLBI: A REAL-TIME TELESCOPE OF INTERCONTINENTAL DIMENSIONS
H. van Langevelde, JIVE, Dwingeloo, Netherlands
The European VLBI network is undergoing a revolutionary change enabled by modern networking techniques. Most of the European
telescopes are now connected at 512 Mbps to the central correlator at JIVE, providing an operational, real-time VLBI network to the
astronomy community. Moreover, successful tests have been performed at higher data rates and with telescopes from other
continents. These achievements show the way for a future global VLBI network with enhanced scientific capabilities by having large
bandwidth and larger number of telescopes. In this paper I will discuss the future of VLBI networks in the SKA era.
08:20
J01b.2 INTRODUCTION TO FAST - FIVE HUNDRED METER APERTURE SPHERICAL RADIO TELESCOPE
R. Nan, National Astronomical Observatories,CAS, Beijing, China (CIE)
FAST, Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope, is the Chinese effort for the international project SKA. The
innovative engineering concept and design pave a new road to realizing huge single dish in the most effective way. Funding for
Project FAST has been approved by the National Development and Reform Commission NDRC in July of 2007. Being the most
sensitive radio telescope, FAST will enable astronomers to jumpstart many of science goals, for example, the natural hydrogen line
surveying in distant galaxies, detecting faint pulsars, looking for the first star shining, hearing the possible signal from other
civilizations and etc.
08:40
J01b.3 TOWARDS THE LONG WAVELENGTH ARRAY
N. E. Kassim, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States
The Long Wavelength Array (LWA; http://lwa.unm.edu) will be a sensitive, low frequency imaging telescope emphasizing high
angular resolution exploration of the spectral region where radio astronomy was born. Inspired by the breakthrough to subarcminute imaging with the VLA 74 MHz system, the LWA will be a large (~ 400 km, >10,000 dipole antennas), versatile, useroriented electronic array poised to open the 20--80 MHz frequency range to detailed study for the first time. We review
commissioning observations from early LWA pathfinders including early science experiments, and summarize the goals and current
state of the project.
09:00
J01b.4 THE MURCHISON WIDEFIELD ARRAY
C. Lonsdale, MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, United States
The Murchison Widefield Array, a US, Australian and Indian collaboration, is a low-frequency imaging array under construction in
Western Australia. The array is optimized for measurement of 21cm line temperature fluctuations during the epoch of reionization
(EoR), with emphasis on control of systematic effects. The array will also perform unique observations of heliospheric propagation
effects as space weather diagnostics. Detection of astronomical transient sources is a third key science project. The array design
will be outlined, and early results from MWA hardware deployed in the field will be presented. Commissioning and initial observing
plans will also be described.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
J01b.5 THE AUSTRALIAN SKA PATHFINDER
D. R. DeBoer, CSIRO/ATNF, Epping, NSW, Australia
The SKA heralds a new era of sensitive fast radio surveys, requiring telescopes to address the technical issues relating to highdynamic range wide field-of-view imaging, This requires advances in antenna, feed design, as well as data handling and processing.
Australia is spearheading the design, development and construction of the Australian SKA Pathfinder, or ASKAP. Due to the large
data-rates involved and the need for pipeline processing, the antenna will incorporate a third axis. The site of ASKAP is the
Murchison Radio Observatory, which is being developed as an SKA-ready site as part of this program.
93
10:00
J01b.6 THE US TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FOR THE SKA
L. A. Baker, J. M. Cordes, G. Cortes-Medellin, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; S. Weinreb, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; W. J. Welch, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA,
United States; A. Kemball, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
The US SKA program has recently been awarded a four year, $12M grant from the NSF for a multi institution effort developing key
technologies that enables the cost effective construction of the SKA starting next decade. The TDP will primarily focus on
development of low cost reflector antenna technology, wideband feeds and matching low noise amplifiers and calibration and signal
processing. The TDP will coordinate with international technology development coordinated by the European funded PrepSKA
program and gather engineering results from pathfinder projects in several countries. This paper will overview the program plan,
work blocks and present early technology results.
10:20
J01b.7 THE SQUARE KILOMETRE ARRAY
R. Schilizzi, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
The SKA will have a collecting area of up to one million square metres spread over at least 3000 km, providing a sensitivity 50 times
higher than the Expanded VLA, and an instantaneous field of view (FOV) of up to several tens of square degrees. The SKA science
impact will be widely felt in astro-particle physics and cosmology, fundamental physics, galactic and extragalactic astronomy, solar
system science and astrobiology. I will describe the SKA, paying attention to the design activities around the world in more detail,
and outline plans for the final design and phased implementation of the telescope.
10:40
End of the Session
94
BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS: NEUROSTIMULATION
Session Chairs: Alex Thomas, Mandar Jog
Session
K04a
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus KL
08:00
K04a.1 A NEW APPROACH TOWARDS NEUROMODULATION
M. S. Jog, D. Aur, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
The current modalities that are utilized for the treatment of neurological disorders in the domain of electrical stimulation have opened
a new era for therapeutics. These applications have been very successful in an ever expanding domain of disorders including
Parkinsons disease, and other movement disorders, and now possibly in intractable depression and even memory disorders.
However, development of new technologies, refinement of how exactly we should neuromodulate and whether we understand the
fundamentals behind what we mean by neuromodulation remain important issues. These aspects including advances made in our
laboratory for addressing them will be explored.
08:40
K04a.2 NEUROMODULATION BY EXPOSURE TO A PULSED LOW FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD
A. W. Thomas, J. Robertson, F. S. Prato, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
Exposure to a relatively weak (100 to 1000 microTesla) low frequency (< 1000 Hz) specific pulsed magnetic field (CNP) has
produced analgesia (antinociception) in snails, mice, and humans, and altered normal resting EEG in human subjects. We have also
shown changes in human brain activation using fMR(BOLD) imaging due to CNP exposure which corresponds to brain regions of
interest associated with the affective processing of pain signaling. Here we will present some of the latest data on the effects of CNP
exposure in research and clinical applications.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
K04a.3 ELECTRIC STIMULATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: A DOSIMETRIC STUDY FOR THE DBS
APPLICATION
1
2
1
1
1
2
1 1
F. Maggio , M. Parazzini , M. Liberti , A. Paffi , F. Apollonio , P. Ravazzani , G. d'Inzeo ; University of Rome,
2
Rome, Italy; CNR, Milan, Italy
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is an increasingly common treatment for Parkinsons disease, showing a positive effect on motor
functions and more generally on the activities of daily living of the patient. In order to obtain a better knowledge of the technique, in
this paper a 2D electromagnetic model and a 3D geometrical model of the anatomical region involved in the electrical stimulation
have been developed. Moreover, the influence of a 2D conducting domain, based on a simplified shape of human body, on the
distribution of the fundamental electric quantities inside the brain target area is evaluated.
10:00
K04a.4 CAN EXPOSURE TO A 1800 T MAGNETIC FIELD AT 60 HZ MODULATE HUMAN NEURO-BEHAVIORS?
1
1
2
3
4
3
1
A. G. Legros , D. McNamee , A. Beuter , D. Goulet , J. Lambrozo , M. Plante , F. S. Prato ,
1 1
2
A. W. Thomas ; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Universite de Bordeaux et IMS CNRS,
3
4
Bordeaux, France; Hydro-Quebec, Montreal, Qc, Canada; Electricite de France, Paris, France
High voltage power-lines, industrial processes, domestic electric appliances are among the numerous sources of daily exposure to
extremely low frequency (ELF, below 300 Hz) magnetic fields (MF). ELF MF effects on humans have been studied over the past 20
years, and it has recently been found that they can affect human movements and brain electrical activity. Results however, remain
controversial and the mechanisms involved are not well understood. This study seems to confirm the effect of a high intensity MF
exposure (60 Hz, 1800T) on human motor control, but not on brain electrical activity (analyzes still in process).
10:20
K04a.5 ON THE INTRAOCULAR IMPEDANCE OF AN EPIRETINAL STIMULATOR ARRAY
C. J. Cela, G. Lazzi, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
Retinal implants can help restoring partial vision to patients suffering from degenerative diseases of the retina, such as Age-related
Macular Degeneration and Retinitis Pigmentosa by replacing the functionality of no longer working photoreceptors with systematic
electrical stimulation to neural cells further down the optical neural path. The equivalent electrical impedance seen by the epiretinal
stimulator is an important design parameter. A 100um resolution discrete model of a human eye, implanted epiretinal electrode
array, associated electronics and surrounding tissue was built, the intraocular impedance was calculated, and the obtained values
compared with experimental data available in the literature.
10:40
End of the Session
95
GENERAL LECTURE 2: PULSARS, GENERAL RELATIVITY AND GRAVITATIONAL WAVES
Session
L2
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Regency B-D
11:00
L2.1 PULSARS, GENERAL RELATIVITY AND GRAVITATIONAL WAVES
J. Cordes, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
Radio pulsars are rapidly spinning neutron stars that emit nearly equally spaced pulses owing to the beaming of their radiation.
Pulsars therefore serve as clocks that can be used to test theories of gravity in the strong-field limit, to test the equivalence principle,
and to detect gravitational wave backgrounds that were formed in the early universe. I will discuss the basic measurement principles
and the development path for new algorithms and instruments that will lead to dramatically stronger tests of General Relativity and
the probable detection of gravitational waves. Chief among these is the development of the Square Kilometer Array over the next 15
years, which will provide the survey capability for identifying new pulsars and the throughput for dramatically increasing the precision
of arrival time estimation. I will describe the matched filtering techniques currently used and new methods based on principal
component analysis that mitigate fluctuations intrinsic to the pulsar signal. I will also summarize related astrophysical spinoffs that
include the possible detection of the spin rate of the black hole object (Sgr A*) in the center of the Milky Way galaxy and strong
constraints on the equation of state of nuclear matter.
12:00
End of the Session
96
EMC MEASUREMENTS
Session Chairs: Andrew C. Marvin, B. Demoulin
Session
AE
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus IJ
13:40
AE.1 STATISTICS AND COHERENCY OF PULSE-MODULATED SIGNALS IN COMPLEX EM ENVIRONMENTS IN
THE TIME DOMAIN BASED ON MEASUREMENTS IN A MODE-TUNED REVERBERATION CHAMBER
L. R. Arnaut, D. A. Knight, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, United Kingdom
We report on measured time-domain characteristics and statistical analysis of an amplitude modulated RF digital signal propagating
as a pulsed radio wave inside a mode-tuned reverberation chamber, representing a wideband wireless communication link in a
multipath electromagnetic environment with strong reflections. The evolutions of the probability distribution function and the temporal
correlation function are determined experimentally. The results provide information about the level and rate of statistical fluctuations
during the pulse rise and, hence, on the extent of signal distortion and integrity.
14:00
AE.2 TEST PROCEDURE FOR CAN BUS SUSCEPTIBILITY EVALUATION BASED ON THE USE OF RADIO
FREQUENCY DETECTORS
C. Rostamzadeh, Robert Bosch LLC, Plymouth, MI, USA; S. A. Pignari, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
This paper explores the use of Radio Frequency (RF) detectors for measurement of the induced RF current level on terminal nodes
of High speed CAN Bus due to different immunity test methods. The data obtained provides a representation of the common mode
(CM) and differential mode (DM) induced current on the CAN bus terminal nodes. As a particular result, the test procedure allows to
assess the Bulk Current Injection stress level, as required by automotive manufactures, with an impinging electromagnetic field
generated in a TEM Cell, in the frequency range 1 MHz 200 MHz.
14:20
AE.3 A STUDY OF THE FIELD STATISTICS IN NESTED FREQUENCY-STIRRED REVERBERATION CHAMBERS
A. C. Marvin, I. D. Flintoft, Y. He, --University of York, York, UK
This paper describes the underlying statistics of the field in nested frequency-stirred reverberation chambers. The hypothesis of the
probability distribution function (PDF) of a component of the frequency-stirred electric field ( ) is provided and then examined by a
number of goodness of fit tests. The results show that for an electrically large enclosure nested in a larger reverberation chamber,
the PDF of the internal electric field will evolve from Rayleigh to double Rayleigh with the shrinking size of the interconnection
apertures. This has implications for immunity measurements of electronic systems housed in shielding enclosures.
14:40
AE.4 OVERVIEW OF EMISSION AND SUSCEPTIBILITY INVESTIGATION AND MODELING WITH NEAR-FIELD
MEASUREMENTS.
D. Baudry, A. Louis, B. Mazari, IRSEEM / ESIGELEC, Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France
Over the last years, the techniques of measurement in near field have experienced a significant development in the area of
electromagnetic compatibility. These techniques are used to locate emission sources, to extract equivalent models of radiation and
to study the local susceptibility. After a brief overview of the methods that are used to measure the near electromagnetic field,
several applications of this technique are presented. These applications cover the study of emission and susceptibility phenomena
from the component (passive or active) to the system.
15:00
AE.5 TIME-DOMAIN EMI MEASUREMENTS AT OPEN TEST SITES USING AMBIENT NOISE CANCELATION
METHODS
A. Frech, S. Braun, A. Zakaria, P. Russer, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
Time-domain as well as frequency domain adaptive filter algorithms have been investigated and compared regarding their
capabilities of suppressing ambient noise during time-domain measurements of electromagnetic interference at open test sites. The
fundamentals and the application of the most advantageous algorithm for time-domain EMI measurements is described in this paper.
Measurements of electromagnetic interference can be performed in a test site polluted by electromagnetic noise by using frequency
domain adaptive filtering. Measurement results of a device under test show the successful cancelation of ambient noise at an urban
test site in a frequency band up to 1000MHz.
97
15:20
AE.6 ISSUES IN EMC METROLOGY AND MODELLING FOR SQUARE KILOMETRE ARRAY DEMONSTRATOR
H. C. Reader, R. H. Geschke, G. P. Wiid, R. G. Urban, D. J. Rossouw, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, Cape,
South Africa
We describe metrological issues observed during our work on EMC and protection aspects of a Square Kilometre Array (SKA)
technology demonstrator. By careful study of dish scale models, measurement configurations and cable trays, using both
experimental and computational techniques, we become confident in our understanding of key points. S-parameters measurements
on specifically inserted observation ports are used instead of invasive sensors. We have computationally modelled and measured:
scaled versions of the SKA dish demonstrator and cable trays in a screened room. From this, and related investigations, we
recommend cabling and protection policies for an evolving project.
15:40
Tea/Coffee Break
16:00
AE.7 POLYANILINE BASED MATERIALS FOR EFFICIENT EMI SHIELDING
M. T. Kattackal, U. G. Kalappura, R. A. Kachiramattom, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala,
India
Development of conducting polymers with wonderful electrical and optical properties witnessed significant progress in the last
decade. Polyaniline has received much attention because of its unique reversible proton doping, high electrical conductivity, ease of
preparation and low cost. Conventional microwave absorbing materials such as carbon and graphite in powder form were blended
with polyaniline as base at different proportions and microwave properties such as Absorption, Transmission and Shielding
Efficiency were evaluated from S parameter measurements. The new materials exhibit very good EMI shielding efficiency compared
to previously developed Pani based composite and is a potential candidate for EMI shielding applications.
16:20
AE.8 STATE OF THE ART ANECHOIC CHAMBER FOR AIR VEHICLE TESTING AT ALENIA AERONAUTICA
M. Bozzetti, G. M. Ariano, I. Bertino, P. Galati, Alenia Aeronautica, Caselle Torinese, Italy
A state of the art electromagnetic anechoic chamber has recently been built by Alenia Aeronautica at Caselle South Plant: this
paper shows its main features and testing capabilities. It also describes a simulation analysis to predict the electromagnetic
performance of the chamber and the typology of the acceptance tests. The anechoic chamber is a full anechoic chamber, it has
been designed to carry out tests mainly on fighter and unmanned aircraft. The size (shield to shield) of chamber is 30m wide, 30m
long and 20m high, and the 18m wide by 8.5m high main door allows the SUT access.
16:40
AE.9 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF WIRE ANTENNA AS EMI SENSOR FOR TRANSIENT EM FIELD
MEASUREMENT USING FDTD TECHNIQUE
M. Ali, S. Sanyal, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
EM field measurement is just one of many necessary rf measurements in area of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). For
frequency domain EMI measurements, an antenna with wide-band performance in amplitude is desired but for transient field
measurements, an antenna with wide-band performance both in amplitude and in phase is desired. In this work, FDTD is applied to
predict the performance of wire antenna with respect to complex antenna factor (CAF) when it is used as an sensor to measure
transient electromagnetic field. The results presented here are compared with the published results.
17:00
End of the Session
98
SCATTERING AND DIFFRACTION
Session Chairs: Ludger Klinkenbusch, Guiliano Manara
Session
B02
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand B
13:40
B02.1 DIFFRACTION AND REFLECTION OF A PLANE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE IN A RIGHT-ANGLE CORNER
WITH IMPEDANCE WALLS
A. V. Osipov, Microwaves and Radar Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wessling, Bayern,
Germany; T. B. A. Senior, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
The interior of a right-angle impedance wedge is a natural model of a corner reflector and is of interest in the development of
wireless propagation models. Using a previously-developed solution for the diffraction of a plane wave by a wedge of arbitrary angle,
the geometrical optics filed is determined and the diffracted field is computed. If an impedance compatibility condition is not met, the
geometrical optics field is discontinuous across a plane specified by the incident field direction. The diffracted field is required to
compensate for this and its magnitude is proportional to the discontinuity.
14:00
B02.2 A RAY TRACING ALGORITHM FOR MULTIPLE STRAIGHT WEDGE DIFFRACTION
G. Carluccio, M. Albani, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
An efficient algorithm for the tracing of multiply edge diffracted rays is presented. The ray tracing problem is formulated as the
minimization of the ray total path length. Since such a cost function is strictly convex, except for coplanar edges in the plane-wave
far-field regime, then the problem admits a unique global minimum and allows the use of a Quasi-Newton search algorithm, that
exhibits a very high converging rate. We also propose an ad-hoc modified Newton's method for the specific problem and a
convenient starting point to effectively initialize the minimization algorithm.
14:20
B02.3 AN APPROXIMATE UTD RAY SOLUTION FOR SKEW INCIDENCE DIFFRACTION BY MATERIAL COATED
WEDGES OF ARBITRARY ANGLE
T. Lertwiriyaprapa, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand; P. H. Pathak,
J. L. Volakis, ElectroScience Lab. / The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
This paper presents a new approximate uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD) coefficient for a coated wedge. As is well
known, skew incidence wedge diffraction coefficient are available for the half plane (coated and materials half-plane), full plane and
right angle wedges. But for general interior impedance or coated wedge angles at skew incidence only approximations are available.
One such approximate solution was proposed by Syed and Volakis. However this solution is mostly valid for small wedge angles
and does not always satisfy the Karp-Karal lemma.
14:40
B02.4 UTD FIELDS RADIATED BY ELECTRICALLY LARGE HEXAGONAL ARRAYS WITH REALISTIC CURRENT
DISTRIBUTIONS
A. A. Serra, P. Nepa, G. Manara, T. Celandroni, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; O. A. Civi, Middle East Technical
University, Ankara, Turkey
Uniform Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (UTD)-based efficient descriptions of the field radiated by electrically large linear and
rectangular planar phased arrays have been developed under the hypothesis of uniform current distributions. More recently they
have been extended to relatively arbitrary current taperings by resorting to a DFT representation of the array current excitation. Here,
the DFT-UTD based technique is extended to deal with the efficient evaluation of the near- and far-field radiated by hexagonal
arrays made of free-standing dipoles in a triangular lattice. To face with arrays on hexagonal lattices, the Hexagonal DFT (HDFT) is
exploited.
15:00
B02.5 DIFFRACTION BY A HALF-PLANE WITH DIFFERENT ANISOTROPIC IMPEDANCE FACES IN A
BIANISOTROPIC MEDIUM
V. G. Daniele, R. D. Graglia, Politecnico di Torino - Dip. Elettronica, Torino, Italy
A general theory to study the electromagnetic diffraction by a half-plane with two different anisotropic impedance faces immersed in
a linear homogeneous bianisotropic medium is presented. The problem is formulated in terms of Wiener-Hopf equations that, in
general, involve matrices of order four. In the simpler case of materials with constitutive tensors of special form, the Wiener-Hopf
matrices reduce to order two and, for these special cases, the possibility to solve the factorization problem in closed form is
discussed.
99
15:20
B02.6 DIFFRACTION BY A FINITE PARALLEL-PLATE WAVEGUIDE WITH FOUR-LAYER MATERIAL LOADING
J. Zheng, K. Kobayashi, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
The plane wave diffraction by a finite parallel-plate waveguide with four-layer material loading is rigorously analyzed using the
Wiener-Hopf technique. Introducing the Fourier transform for the scattered field and applying boundary conditions in the transform
domain, the problem is formulated in terms of the simultaneous Wiener-Hopf equations, which are solved via the factorization and
decomposition procedure. The scattered field is evaluated explicitly by taking the inverse Fourier transform and applying saddle
point method. Representative numerical examples of the RCS are shown for various physical parameters and the far field scattering
characteristics are discussed in detail.
15:40
Tea/Coffee Break
16:00
B02.7 SCATTERING BY A PERFECTLY CONDUCTING ELLIPTIC CONE: SPHERICAL-MULTIPOLE EXPANSION OF
A PHYSICAL-OPTICS CORRECTION TERM
L. Klinkenbusch, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
The spherical-multipole technique is applied to obtain a Physical-Optics (PO) correction term for the scattering of a plane
electromagnetic wave by a perfectly conducting semi-infinite elliptic cone. The free-space type multipole expansion of the exact
scattered field is obtained from the exact surface currents by means of the eigenfunction expansion of the elliptic cone. The
multipole expansion of the PO scattered field is found similarly from the incident field. The term-by-term difference between the two
expansions finally leads to a spherical-multipole expansion of the PO-correction term which shows improved convergence
properties
16:20
B02.8 SOME PARADOXES ASSOCIATED WITH A RECENT SUMMATION RULE IN SCATTERING THEORY
C. Sohl, M. Gustafsson, A. Bernland, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
This paper reports on some peculiarities associated with a recently published summation rule for scattering of electromagnetic
waves. The summation rule states that the extinction cross section integrated over all frequencies is equal to the low-frequency
response of the target. Although the summation rule is intriguing by itself, it becomes even more paradoxical when a static
conductivity model or the PEC boundary condition is introduced. The paradoxical character lies in the fact that the summation rule is
independent of the static conductivity, a conclusion which is in agreement with numerical simulations of a homogeneous and
isotropic sphere.
16:40
B02.9 ACCELERATION OF DIRECT INTEGRAL EQUATION BASED SOLVERS FOR SCATTERING PROBLEMS
A. Boag, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
Direct solution of the linear systems of equations stemming from the method of moments (MoM) discretization of the integral
equations of electromagnetic scattering is accelerated by a three step solution process. First, the non-uniform grid (NG) approach
and rank-revealing orthogonal matrix decomposition are used in tandem to compress the MoM matrix by effectively removing the
oversampling of conventional low-order discretization schemes and adaptively filtering out the non-interacting degrees of freedom.
Then, the compressed system of equations is solved directly for the interacting currents and, finally, the non-interacting local
currents are determined.
17:00
B02.10 A FAST 2.5-D PARALLEL MULTILEVEL FAST MULTIPOLE ALGORITHM SOLVER
J. Fostier, F. Olyslager, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
We present a 2.5-D Multilevel Fast Multipole Algorithm (MLFMA) that is capable of solving large and complex environments
consisting of multiple dielectric and conducting objects. The solver is augmented by means of an asynchronous parallelization. Its
accuracy is demonstrated by comparing the analytical and numerical radar cross section (RCS) of a canonical example with a size
of 15 000 wavelengths. An open-source reference implementation of the software is presented to the community free of charge.
17:20
End of the Session
100
TUTORIAL C – COOPERATIVE COMMUNICATIONS
Session Chair: Andreas F. Molisch
Session
CT
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus GH
13:40
CT.1 COOPERATIVE COMMUNICATIONS
M. Z. Win, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
Cooperative diversity techniques can improve transmission rate and reliability of wireless networks, especially in a slow-fading
channel. For systems employing diversity techniques, outage capacity is an important figure of merit. In this tutorial, we derive the
outage capacity for several cooperative diversity schemes in relay networks with a finite number of relay nodes. The cooperative
schemes under consideration use the relay selection techniques that require only local channel state information, thereby avoiding a
centralized processing unit. The analysis shows that there exists a signal-to-noise ratio threshold, below which some cooperative
diversity schemes outperform the traditional non-cooperative cooperative schemes. The obtained expressions of outage capacities
are simple and applicable to arbitrary network topologies and signal-to-noise ratios in Rayleigh fading channels. Our results can
serve as guidelines for efficient system design of cooperative diversity schemes and deployment of cooperative networks.
14:40
End of the Session
101
COOPERATIVE COMMUNICATIONS
Session Chairs: Aria Nosratinia, Luc VandenDorpe
Session
C06
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus GH
14:40
C06.1 A NEW COOPERATIVE DIVERSITY PROTOCOL FOR CDMA SIGNALING USING COMPLETE
COMPLEMENTARY CODES
N. O. El-Ganainy, Alexandria Institute of technology, Alexandria, Egypt., Alexandria, Egypt; S. E.-S. El-Khamy, Faculty
of Engineering, Alexandria, Egypt
This paper develops a new class of detect-and-forward cooperative diversity protocols adopting complete complementary code sets
spreading. The proposed protocol employs a multi-band DS-CDMA transmission tailored to their distinct correlation properties.
These codes sets have an impulsive autocorrelation sum among each set and orthogonality between respective codes in different
sets. The new protocol is advantageous due to the efficient code assignment through the transmission bands and receiver simplicity.
The protocol is compared to non-cooperative multi-band DS-CDMA system and illustrates enhanced performance under the effect
of AWGN and frequency non-selective Rayleigh fading channel.
15:00
C06.2 COOPERATION IN INTERFERENCE NETWORKS
D. Tuninetti, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
In this tutorial paper, we focus on the rate improvements attainable in wireless peer-to-peer networks when users cooperate. We
revise available results of two basics forms of cooperation: superposition coding, and dirty paper coding. We then discuss those two
strategies in light of the two network architectures that have been shown to be asymptotically optimal in fully connected networks:
hierarchical communications and interference alignment. We then present numerical results to demonstrate the benefits of
cooperation in small network. We conclude with a brief discussion on the cost of physical layer cooperation on the network protocols
and architectures.
15:20
C06.3 COOPERATIVE RELAYING IN WIRELESS NETWORKS WITH STOCHASTIC TRAFFIC
R. A. Berry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States; E. Yeh, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United
States
Cooperative Relaying offers the potential for increased throughput of wireless networks by enabling multiple nodes to forward
information from its source to destination. However, when multiple flows are present, cooperative gains must be balanced among
the competing traffic flows. We discuss models for cooperative relaying in networks with multiple stochastically-varying end-to-end
flows. We consider network control policies that dynamically determine how the current traffic is cooperatively forwarded. These
policies are generalizations of "backpressure" algorithms, which have been widely studied in non-cooperative wireless networks.
15:40
End of the Session
102
RFID TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS
Session Chair: S. Tedjini
Session
D01
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus AB
13:40
D01.1 REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPLEX RFID APPLICATION - DRFID AND TRAY MANAGEMENT
W. John, Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and Microintegration, Paderborn, Germany; G. Stoenner, Deutsche Post
AG, Bonn, Germany
For RFID applications additional functions like a combination of data display, processing and memory are suitable to be integrated
within the RFID device. In order to develop the most cost-saving RFID solutions, it is necessary to develop a common technological
platform. As an example, a passive RFID solution for tray management in the mail centres of Deutsche Post AG will be shown. The
DRFID solution is able to store a fixed number for tray identification, variable information like the producer of this information,
content of the tray and destination. The information is also readable via an integrated optical display.
14:00
D01.2 DESIGN OF PASSIVE ULTRA-HIGH FREQUENCY RADIO-FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION TAG
A. Ghiotto, T.-P. Vuong, S. Tedjini, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France; K. Wu, cole Polytechnique de Montral, Montreal,
Canada
There is a growing interest in the Radio-Frequency Identification because it is giving rise to a variety of new applications and it has
advantages compared to other identification techniques. RFID systems can be designed at different frequencies. However, UHF
frequencies are strongly considered. They are suitable for long distance communication and offer passive tag design based on
backscattering method. One of the hot topic of RFID at UHF frequency is the design of compact size efficient tag. This paper
presents the UHF RFID chip modeling before introducing the design of passive UHF RFID tag antennas illustrated by an example.
14:20
D01.3 UHF RFID TAG ROBUSTNESS
E. Bergeret, T. Delaruyelle, P. Pannier, J. Gaubert, IM2NP, Marseille, France
RFID systems (radio frequency identification) purpose is to transmit information between a reader and a passive receiver distant of
few meters. The receiver or tag is powered by the conversion of the incident wave in a dc voltage. The amplitude of the wave
decreases rapidly with distance and makes it necessary to use a RF / DC converter. The converter generates a continuous voltage
higher than the incoming voltage amplitude. This study presents the impacts of some of the most fluent parameters on the
effectiveness of multipliers RF / DC and on the antenna mismatch.
14:40
D01.4 HARSH ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS OVER 13.56 MHZ RFID READER ANTENNA
F. Roudet, Schneider Electric, Grenoble, France; T.-P. Vuong, S. Tedjini, INPG Esisar, Valence, France
For industrial control, using wireless technology is an advantage for eliminating cables, external connectors and wires from the
system. Other important benefits of wireless technology are much lower installation costs and easier installation than other types of
online monitoring equipment in existing architectures. We demonstrated that the combination of standard RFID equipments and
small mechanical devices allows us to monitor circuit breakers in electrical switchboard without any modification in the switchboard
architecture. For the system to be as robust as possible, we discuss in that paper how to master harsh environment effects over the
HF RFID reader antenna.
15:00
D01.5 WIRELESS INFORMATION AND SAFETY SYSTEM FOR UNDERGROUND MINES
L. K. Bandopadhyay, S. K. Chaulya, P. K. Mishra, A. K. Choure, Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research,
Dhanbad, India
Underground mine operations are associated with severe safety problems and due to high attenuation of radio frequency waves in
mines, application of wireless communication systems are highly restricted. To overcome these problems, a RFID based wireless
information and safety system has been developed at CIMFR, Dhanbad, India. Hardware components of the system are active
RFID devices operating at ISM band. The devices can be programmed to act as end device, router or coordinator that enables them
to form an IEEE 802.15.4-based unified wireless mesh network to locate, trace and manage mobile assets, people and monitor
environmental conditions.
103
15:20
D01.6 ANTENNAS FOR CHIPLESS TAGS BASED ON MEASUREMENT OF COMPLEX IMPEDANCE
S. Mukherjee, RB Technology, Milpitas, CA, United States
Antenna design for chipless tags based on remote measurement of complex impedance is discussed. Such antennas need to be
printable and de-embeddable from the terminating reactive network coding the tag information. We demonstrate that certain
antennas have a low radar cross-section (RCS) under matched condition, while maintaining a fairly uniform RCS under various
reactive terminations including open and short. Therefore, effect of such antennas can be de-embedded after being modeled as
two-port networks whose parameters can be extracted using conventional Vector Network measurement techniques. The category
excludes minimum-scatter antennas and requires a ground plane.
15:40
Tea/Coffee Break
16:00
D01.7 SELF-SENSING PASSIVE RFID TAGS
G. Marrocco, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
This paper proposes a new paradigm of passive Sensor RadioFrequency Identification Devices for applications in the context of
Wireless Sensor Networks. The new tags family works in the UHF band and it is able to detect the value or the change of a tagged
body's feature without using any specific sensor. The system is provided with multiple chips placed on a cluster of antennas or onto
a single multi-port antenna, and exploits the natural mismatching of an antenna's input impedance with respect to a change of the
target where it is placed.
16:20
D01.8 SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATES IN THE HUMAN HEAD AND SHOULDER FOR PASSIVE UHF RFID
SYSTEMS AT 915 MHZ
D. D. Arumugam, D. W. Engels, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States
In this paper, we use a human head and shoulder model to extend the analysis of SAR in the human head due to radiation caused
by passive RFID systems. We use a FEM, and a human head and shoulder model with a voxel size of 8mm for the tetrahedral to
analyze the peak one-voxel SAR, spatial-peak 1g cube of tissue SAR, spatial-peak 10g cube of tissue SAR, and the average SAR in
the human head at distances of 10cm, 100cm and 1000cm from the front of the human head.
16:40
End of the Session
104
TERRESTRIAL AND PLANETARY ELECTROMAGNETIC DISTURBANCES AND EFFECTS
Session Chair: Masashi Hayakawa
Session
EGH
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus CD
13:40
EGH.1 FURTHER COMPARISON OF SPRITE STREAMER MODELING RESULTS WITH ISUAL
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS
N. Liu, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, United States; V. Pasko, The Pennsylvania State University,
University Park, PA, United States; H. Frey, S. Mende, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United
States; A. Chen, H.-T. Su, R.-R. Hsu, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, China (SRS); L.-C. Lee, National
Central University, Jhongli, China (SRS)
We recently reported a single case study of comparing modeling results of a positive streamer with ISUAL spectrophotometric data
of a sprite event [Liu et al., GRL, 33, L01101, 2006]. Intensity ratios of emissions from N2 and N2+ are obtained separately from the
modeling and from the measurements, and they agree very well. In this talk, we report our results of more case studies including
analysis of the intensity ratios from simulation results of a negative streamer. We will also discuss the implications of the most recent
high-speed video observations of sprites to our comparison results.
14:00
EGH.2 SPRITES AND COSMIC RAYS IN LF RADIO
M. Fullekrug, University of Bath, Dept. of EEE, United Kingdom
The electromagnetic spectrum at low radio frequencies (LF) is dominated by broadcasting transmitters and impulsive bursts from
lightning discharges. Intense positive lightning discharges cause sprites in the middle atmosphere, occasionally exhibiting radio
signals from 10 Hz to 3 kHz. Sprites may be caused by relativistic breakdown which exhibits a broader spectrum from 10 Hz to 300
kHz. Similarly, extensive cosmic ray air showers from ultra high energy extra galactic cosmic rays produce faint broadband radio
signals. The prospects for the detection of signals from relativistic breakdown and cosmic rays with newly developed extremely
sensitive LF radio receiving technology is discussed.
14:20
EGH.3 COORDINATED ANALYSIS OF DELAYED SPRITES WITH HIGH SPEED IMAGES AND REMOTE
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
J. Li, S. A. Cummer, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
In this work, we report results of the coordinated analysis of high speed sprite video and wideband magnetic field measurements
recorded at the Yucca Ridge Field Station and Duke University. We focused on delayed sprites, which initiated more than 10 ms
after the lightning return stroke. All delayed sprites were associated with intense continuing current (> 11 kA km) and large total
charge moment change (~ 600 - 18600 C km). Numerical simulations of electrical field have been applied to test the initiation
mechanism of delayed sprites. It also revealed that the slow intensification is a direct cause responsible for delayed sprites initiation.
14:40
EGH.4 EARLY VLF PERTURBATIONS DRIVEN BY LIGHTNING-EMP GENERATED DENSITY PERTURBATIONS IN
THE IONOSPHERE: MODEL RESULTS
R. A. Marshall, U. S. Inan, T. W. Chevalier, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
We present model results demonstrating the ability of lightning electromagnetic pulses (EMP) to generate electron density
perturbations in the ionosphere that can be measured with narrowband VLF transmitters. The first model is an FDTD simulation of
EMP which calculates ionization, attachment, and optical emissions in the ionosphere due to lightning. These electron density
changes are input in the second model, an FDFD VLF wave propagation model, which determines the amplitude and phase
variation at a receiver due to the perturbation. Results show that attachment alone can cause measurable perturbations, and is
consistent with observed optical effects.
15:00
EGH.5 SUDDEN AMPLITUDE AND PHASE CHANGES IN SUBIONOSPHERIC VLF TRANSMITTER SIGNALS
OBSERVED AT AGRA
B. Singh, Faculty of Engineering, R.B.S. College, Bichpuri, Agra, Agra, UP, India
Monitoring of phase and amplitude of VLF transmitter signals (f=19.8 kHz(NWC), 21.4 kHz (NPM), and 24 kHz (NAA)) has been
carried out at Agra, India during the period 1 September, 2002-30 August, 2005. Seven cases of abrupt phase and amplitude
changes similar to Trimpi/TLE phenomena have been observed. Our data show average amplitude enhancement of about 3-7 dB
and phase decrease ~ 8.6 s. It is suggested that the observed phenomena are most probably caused by transient luminous events
(TLE) in the lower ionosphere above active thunderstorm centers close to great circle paths.
105
15:20
EGH.6 KERR EFFECT REMOTE SENSING OF THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIC FIELDS USING SKY POLARIZATION
B. E. Carlson, U. S. Inan, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
Thunderstorm electric fields are of key importance but are typically only measurable by balloon- or aircraft- borne electric field
meters launched near, above, or into the cloud. We herein propose a new low-cost ground-based spatially- and temporally-resolved
technique for measurement of near-thunderstorm electric fields by electrically-induced birefringence (Kerr) effects on natural sky
polarization, providing detection or constraint of electric fields in clear air near or above thunderclouds. Such electric fields are major
unknowns in terrestrial gamma-ray flash, sprite, and blue jet models; the proposed measurement would greatly help understand
thunderstorm physics and behavior.
15:40
Tea/Coffee Break
16:00
EGH.7 POSSIBLE MECHANISM OF THE OBSERVED SCHUMAN RESONANCE DIURNAL AMPLITUDE
VARIATIONS
O. Pechony, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; C. Price, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
Schumann resonances (SR) have numerous applications in lightning, climate and ionosphere research, which rely on proper
interpretation of experimental data. One of the most debated features of the SR phenomenon are the diurnal variations of the SR
amplitudes. While it is generally realized that these variations are related to the global thunderstorm activity, the structure and timing
of the diurnal amplitude variations maintain the suggestion that they are strongly influenced by day-night variations in the ionosphere.
We suggest a mechanism of the observed SR diurnal amplitude variations, which can explain their structure without invoking the
ionosphere day-night asymmetry.
16:20
EGH.8 THE SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF GLOBAL LIGHTNING ACTIVITY EXTRACTED FROM SCHUMANN
RESONANCES USING A GENETIC ALGORITHM METHOD
H. Yang, V. Pasko, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States; G. Satori, Geodetic and
Geophysical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Sopron, Hungary
A three dimensional Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) model of the Earth-ionosphere cavity with a realistic conductivity profile
is employed to study the global lightning activity in three thunderstorm centers (Africa, Southeast Asia, and South America) using
the observed intensity variations of Schumann resonances (SR). An inverse method based on genetic algorithms is developed to
extract information on lightning intensity in these three regions from observed SR intensity. Seasonal variations of the lightning
activity in these three regions are clearly observed in our results. Different SR frequency variations associated with seasonal
variations of global lighting activity are also discussed.
16:40
EGH.9 WHISTLER-LIGHTNING CORRELATIONS: SIGNIFICANT OR COINCIDENCE?
A. B. Collier, Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, Hermanus, South Africa; A. R. W. Hughes, S. Bremner, B. Delport,
University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; J. Lichtenberger, Etvs University, Budapest,
Hungary; G. McDowell, C. Rodger, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
It is well known that impulsive VLF emissions produced by lightning strikes travel extraordinary distances in the Earth-ionosphere
waveguide. Whistlers are thought to be produced by the dispersive transmission of impulses along field-aligned ducts through the
magnetosphere. Lightning strikes in one hemisphere are thus responsible for whistlers recorded in the opposite hemisphere. Neither
the source lightning discharge nor the receiver need be located close to the footpoints of the magnetic field line. Using a crosscorrelation technique the most likely location of the lightning strikes responsible for whistlers recorded at Tihany, Hungary, and
Dunedin, New Zealand are revealed.
17:00
EGH.10 DO METEORS PRODUCE VLF RADIATION WHEN ENTERING THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE?
Y. Reuveni, C. Price, Tel-Aviv university, Tel-Aviv, Israel
For more than two centuries large meteors entering the atmosphere have been observed to produce audible sounds simultaneously
with the optical flash. The only explanation was that electromagnetic waves produced by the meteors induce a vibration in a
transducer close to the observer, producing an audible sound, known as electrophonics. To confirm this theory, continuous
measurements of VLF electromagnetic waves were performed simultaneously with optical imaging of meteors. The measurements
were obtained during the Preseids meteor shower during August, 2007, and the Leonids meteor shower during November, 2007.
The data analysis indicates distinct electromagnetic pulses produced by the incoming meteors.
17:20
End of the Session
106
MITIGATION OF IONOSPHERIC AND TROPOSPHERIC EFFECTS IN PRECISION GNSS
Session Chairs: Manuel Hernández-Pajares, B. Arbesser-Rastburg
Session
FG
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus EF
13:40
FG.1 THE IMPACT OF TRAVELLING IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES ON GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE
SYSTEM SERVICES
A. J. Coster, MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, United States; T. Tsugawa, National Institude of Information
and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan
Recently, total electron content (TEC) data from dense networks of GPS receivers have allowed for unprecedented observations of
traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs). For the first time, the spatial structures and temporal evolution of medium- and largescale TIDs can be measured. Recent observations of TIDs will be reviewed and the findings categorized. We will also discuss the
implications of TIDs on field users of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) services. Finally, we will describe the proposed new
measurements of TIDs using the new Murchinson Widefield Array combined with GPS observations from a newly expanded network
of GPS receivers in Australia.
14:00
FG.2 MODELLING TEC CHANGES OVER SOUTHERN AFRICA USING THE NEURAL NETWORK METHOD
1,2
1,2
2 1
2
J. B. Habarulema , L.-A. McKinnell , B. Opperman ; Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Hermanus
Magnetic Observatory, Hermanus, South Africa
The neural network (NN) technique has been used to predict total electron content (TEC) derived from the Global Positioning
System (GPS) measurements as a function of seasonal and diurnal variations, solar and magnetic activities and the geographic
position of GPS receiver stations. Preliminary results indicate that the NN model predicts GPS TEC favourably compared with the
International reference Ionosphere (IRI) model during the equinox months for the GPS receiver stations considered over Southern
Africa. An attempt to study solar wind effects on TEC changes using data set from Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) satellite
will also be presented.
14:20
FG.3 APPLICATION OF LEAST SQUARES ADJUSTMENT TECHNIQUE FOR ESTIMATION OF TEC AND
INSTRUMENTAL BIASES FOR GAGAN APPLICATIONS
D. Sunehra, A. D. Sarma, D. R. Lakshmi, B. M. Reddy, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
The estimates of TEC obtained from GPS observables are affected by the instrumental delays (biases) within the GPS satellite and
receiver hardware. This paper describes the Least squares adjustment technique for estimation of TEC and differential instrumental
biases. Dual frequency GPS data of Hyderabad GAGAN station(78.47E, 17.45N) is used. The absolute value of estimated biases
range from 4.22 to 24.24TECU during the observation period. The estimated biases are of the same order as reported elsewhere.
The technique is relatively simple and can be extended to other GAGAN stations to reduce the effects of instrumental biases.
14:40
FG.4 MITIGATION OF DELAY AND SCINTILLATION EFFECTS USING MIDAS
D. J. Allain, P. S. J. Spencer, C. N. Mitchell, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
MIDAS, a 4D tomographic technique is used to map the ionospheric electron density over Europe. The ionospheric maps are then
used to calculate the excess delay at the L1 frequency. The excess delay is applied to correct the pseudorange observations and
the improvements to the resulting positioning are calculated. The technique is shown to give navigation solutions comparable to
those obtained from dual-frequency receivers and the MIDAS approach is more robust against scintillation. The diurnal trend of the
ionospheric delay is well compensated for with the correction technique. Improvements in positioning accuracy during selected days
are up to 25m.
15:00
FG.5 THE DESIGN OF A NEW MAPPING FUNCTION BASED ON GPS RADIO OCCULTATION DATA FOR A
REFINED ESTIMATION OF THE TROPOSPHERIC TOTAL DELAY
F. Vespe, C. Benedetto, R. Pacione, P. Sacco, Centro di Geodesia Spaziale, Matera, Italy
The coordinates of a static GPS station on the ground are estimated together with the delay of the signal through the athmosphere.
The bias is given by the product of the zenith delay with the mapping Function MP; i.e. the number of air masses crossed by the
signal. In processing chain indeed the MP is modelled apart in an independent way by using atmospheric profiles retrieved by using
balloon observations. With the present work we plan to reconstruct the MP by using the huge amount of atmospheric profiles
obtained with the several current GPS radio occultation space missions.
107
15:20
FG.6 CORRELATION BETWEEN NEUTRAL ATMOSPHERE MODELLING AND ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
LOADING INDUCED DISPLACEMENT
E. J. Orliac, F. N. Teferle, R. M. Bingley, A. H. Dodson, IESSG, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
We investigate the correlation between neutral atmosphere modelling and atmospheric pressure loading (APL) in GNSS data
processing. Ten different combinations of mapping functions and a priori delays are tested via PPP on 30 CGNSS stations in the UK.
The mapping functions used are the NMF, GMF, VMF1 (grid), and a series of four mapping functions derived from a high resolution
numerical weather model that covers the UK. We focus in this paper on the relative impact of the different tropospheric modelling
and show that differential coordinate and ZTD time series can correlate up to 0.8 with the predicted APL.
15:40
Tea/Coffee Break
16:00
FG.7 A REGIONAL TROPOSPHERIC DELAY MODEL FOR GPS BASED AIRCRAFT NAVIGATION OVER INDIAN
SUBCONTINENT
K. Saha, C. S. Raju, K. Parameswaran, Space Physics Laboratory, VSSC, ISRO, Trivandrum, India
A Region-specific Tropospheric Delay model for GPS based aircraft navigation is developed exclusively for Indian region and its
applicability is examined by comparing estimated ZTD with those from other regional models based on measured surface
atmospheric parameters, and with global model used in Wide Area Augmentation System as well as with GPS measured ZTD
values. This analysis showed that while the rms deviation of RTD model is ~+5 cm that of WAAS model is ~+7 cm. Although both
models fail to account for the extreme weather conditions, the RTD model is better for tropospheric delay estimation over Indian
region.
16:20
FG.8 MODIFIED IONOSPHERIC TOMOGRAPHY ALGORITHM USING GAGAN DATA
1
1
2
1 1
D. Venkata Ratnam , A. D. Sarma , P. V. D. Somasekhar Rao , B. M. Reddy ; Osmania University,
2
Hyderabad,Andhra Pradesh, India; JNT University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
Modeling of ionospheric delay is one of major challenges for GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) system. Several grid
based modes are tested over the Indian region. Here an attempt is made to characterize the Indian ionosphere using tomography
technique. One of the prominent ionospheric tomography model is spherical harmonics model with Empirical Orthogonal Functions
(EOF). But it requires more number of coefficients. Therefore, the model is modified to reduce the coefficients. This 3-D ionospheric
delay algorithm is implemented using 17 GAGAN stations TEC data. Compared to other models, the proposed model shows better
accuracy
16:40
FG.9 IONOSPHERIC IMPACT ON GPS TIMING APPLICATIONS
J. A. R. Rose, D. Allain, C. N. Mitchell, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
Single frequency GPS receivers do not compensate for the ionospheric delay imposed upon a GPS signal. This delay can be
compensated for using either a dual-frequency receiver or a real-time ionospheric map. The application of the MIDAS tomography
algorithms to GPS timing is shown to achieve results comparable to those from a dual-frequency system. This opens up the
possibility for accurate mobile, low-cost GPS timing devices. The paper will present results from mainland North America and
Europe referenced to accurate atomic clocks collocated with the GPS receivers.
17:00
End of the Session
108
RADIO OCCULTATION – TECHNIQUES, VALIDATION, SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS
Session Chairs: Cathryn Mitchell, Chao-Han Liu, T Schueler
Session
GF
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand E
13:40
GF.1 INVERTING IONOSPHERIC RADIO OCCULTATION MEASUREMENTS WITH STATISTICAL INVERSE
METHODS
D. L. Hysell, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
Mathematical aspects of the inversion of ionospheric radio occultation data using the Abel transform and its inverse are examined.
The linear inverse transform exhibits poor error propagation performance, producing artifacts preferentially at low altitudes where
they could be mistaken for intermediate or sporadic layers. Tikhonov regularization, a form of fixed linear filtering, suppresses the
artifacts at the expense of fine structure. Improved results are obtained using a method rooted in Bayesian statistics and maximum
entropy. The maximum entropy algorithm can be viewed as a nonlinear adaptive filter which suppresses artifacts while preserving
fine structure to the degree supported by data.
14:00
GF.2 USE OF ROSA DATA IN SPACE WEATHER
M. D. F. Materassi, Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
The Italian Radio Occultation GPS receiver (ROSA) will fly on board of the Indian satellite OCEANSAT-2, scheduled for launch
between August 2008 and the fall of 2009. In this work some relevant features of the receiver, and the possiblity of studying the
Space Weather via its ionospheric data, are presented. Vertical ionospheric profiles will be retrieved from occultation data. Heliogeophysical dynamics will be monitored via GPS-LEO navigational data. Fine scale structures of the ionosphere will be studied by
applying multiscale analysis to both kinds of data. The state of the art of these researches is here presented.
14:20
GF.3 GLOBAL E-REGION CONDUCTIVITIES USING GPS OCCULTATIONS
G. S. Bust, A. Reynolds, ASTRA, San Antonio, TX, United States; M. Nicolls, SRI International, Menlo Park, Ca,
United States; C. Coker, P. Bernhardt, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States
Global measurements of E-region densities are made, and applied to help understand the variability of ESF. These measurements
will come from instruments onboard the COSMIC satellites. The primary measurements are high-resolution GPS occultation
measurements of TEC. These measurements will be supplemented by UV photometer measurements, and tri-band TEC
measurements along the trajectory of the satellite. The measurements will be combined using tomographic inversion techniques to
estimate the two-dimensional distribution of density in the E and F region. Preliminary results from simulations and experiments will
be presented to demonstrate the expected accuracy of the E-region retrievals.
14:40
GF.4 FIRST RESULTS FROM THE SCINTILLATION AND TEC RECEIVER IN SPACE (CITRIS) INSTRUMENT ON
STPSAT1
C. L. Siefring, P. A. Bernhardt, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States; G. S. Bust, Atmospheric
& Space Technology Research Associates, San Antonio TX, United States
The space-based multi-band CITRIS receiver records total electron content (TEC) and radio scintillations from satellite beacons in
low-earth-orbit plus the global network of ground DORIS beacons. The measurements of ionospheric TEC provide inputs for spaceweather models over remote regions of the Earth. The CITRIS satellite-to-satellite TEC measurements use the differential phase
technique. Satellite-to-satellite measurements have three stages: 1) ionospheric occultation at large separations, 2) minimum
distance TEC sampling when the beacon passes directly over the receiver and 3) a second occultation. Absolute TEC is obtained by
extrapolation to zero satellite separations.
15:00
GF.5 THE ACTIVE TEMPERATURE OZONE MOISTURE MICORWAVE SPECTROMETER (ATOMMS) CLIMATE
OBSERVING SYSTEM
E. R. Kursinski, D. Ward, A. Otarola, C. Groppi, S. Albanna, M. Schein, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United
States
To address fundamental climate observing needs, we are building a cm and mm wavelength satellite-to-satellite occultation
instrument called the Active Temperature, Ozone and Moisture Microwave Spectrometer (ATOMMS). ATOMMS will profile
atmospheric moisture to 1-3%, temperature to 0.4K and geopotential height to 10m with 200m vertical resolution from near the
surface to the mesopause in clear and cloudy air. 1-3% precision ozone and water isotope profiles will extend from the upper
troposphere into the mesosphere. Accuracies with averaging will be 10 to 100 times better. We will demonstrate ATOMMS in 2009
using 2 high altitude aircraft.
109
15:20
GF.6 COMPARISON OF THE IONOSPHERIC PROFILES DERIVED WITH RADIO OCCULTATION TECHNIQUE TO
THE DIGISONDE DATA
V. V. Paznukhov, B. W. Reinisch, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
Results of the comparison of the COSMIC radio occultation (RO) profiles and simultaneous measurements made with ground based
digisonde sounders are presented. Totally about 800 individual profiles collected in years 2006-2007 were analyzed. Results
generally demonstrate a good agreement between the two techniques in terms of the foF2 and hmF2 parameters, with the typical
absolute errors in RO measurements smaller than 1 MHz and 40 km correspondingly. Larger errors tend to be associated with the
larger absolute values of the peak electron density. At the altitudes below the electron density peak the errors in RO measurements
are significantly larger.
15:40
Tea/Coffee Break
16:00
GF.7 MID- AND LOW-LATITUDE IONOSPHERIC STRUCTURE OBSERVED BY FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC
1
2
3
2
4
5 1
C.-H. Lin , J.-Y. Liu , H.-F. Tsai , C.-H. Chen , C.-C. Hsiao , C.-H. Liu ; National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan,
2
3
China (SRS); National Central University, Chung-Li, China (SRS); Central Weather Bureau, Taipei, China (SRS);
4
5
National Space Organization, Hsinchu, China (SRS); Academia Sinica, Taipei, China (SRS)
This study presents mid- and low-latitude ionosphere plasma structure observed by the radio occultation experiment of the
FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC constellation mission. The constellation observes the longitudinal structure of the equatorial ionosphere,
which is believed to be formed due to lower atmospheric tides. With capacity of three-dimensional global ionospheric observations,
altitude ranges, local times, and monthly variations of the fascinating feature are obtained. The feature is identified at and above Fregion ionosphere during 1000-2200 LT periods. A four-peaked structure is shown during August-October, while a three-peaked
structure is seen from November to February.
16:20
GF.8 VERIFYING COSMIC GPS OCCULTATION INVERSION PROFILES WITH THE ALTAIR RADAR
1
1
2
3
1 1
T. Beach , F. Centinello , R. Caton , D. Sponseller , K. Groves ; Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom AFB,
2
3
MA, United States; Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Mansfield, TX, United States; Kwajalein Range
Services LLC, Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands
In September 2007, we conducted several incoherent scatter radar data collections at Kwajalein Atoll using the ALTAIR facility.
Some of these measurements corresponded to COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 satellite GPS occultations within the ALTAIR field of view.
Kwajalein Atoll lies between the magnetic equator and the northern equatorial ionization anomaly crest, one of the most challenging
regions for ionospheric occultation inversion. In order to validate GPS radio occultation as a technique for monitoring the global
ionosphere it will be necessary to understand its limitations. The present case study provides additional insight into the behavior of
occultation inversions in near-equatorial regions.
16:40
GF.9 IONOSPHERIC IMAGING USING VARIOUS RADIO TOMOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS
1
1
2
3
1
1 1
V. E. Kunitsyn , E. S. Andreeva , L. C. Tsai , C. H. Liu , I. A. Nesterov , A. M. Padokhin ; M.Lomonosov Moscow
2
3
State University, Moscow, Russian Federation; National Central University, ChungLi, China (SRS); Academia Sinica,
Taipei, China (SRS)
Radio Tomography (RT) based on low-orbital (LO), high-orbital (HO) satellite navigational systems and radio occultation sounding
(FormoSat-3/COSMIC system) is considered. Examples of ionospheric RT imaging in different regions of the world (Russia, SouthEast Asia, North America) illustrating separate and combined use of LORT and HORT are given. Validation of ionospheric imaging
with various RT systems is carried out using ionosondes data. Ionospheric images are compared with DMSP data and model data
(IRI, GAIM). General problems of ionospheric radio tomography of the near-Earth environment, problems of the uniqueness and
limitations of ionospheric imaging are considered.
17:00
End of the Session
110
SPECIAL REVIEW - ROGER GENDRIN, IN MEMORY OF AN OUTSTANDING SCIENTIST
Session Chair: Richard Horne
Session
HSR
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand F
13:40
HSR.1 ROGER GENDRIN, IN MEMORY OF AN OUTSTANDING SCIENTIST
1
2
3
2 1
F. Lefeuvre , N. Cornilleau-Wehrlin , H. Matsumoto , A. Roux ; LPCE/CNRS 3 A Av de la Recherche Scientifique
2
45071, Orleans 45071 cedex 2, France; CNRS Univ Versailles St Quentin-en-Yvelines, 10 Av de l'Europe, Velizy
3
Villacoublay 78140, France; Kyoto University, Hoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-Tu, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
Dr Roger Gendrin, Commission H Chair from 1975 to 1977 and rewarded by a John Howard Dellinger medal in 1987, passed away
on April 2007. After a recall of is role in the development of the space plasma community (conjugated experiments, GEOS satellites,
numerical simulations, space weather), a review is made of the studies of wave-particle interactions in the magnetosphere and of
his personal contributions. It includes geophysical consequences of wave-particle interactions (diffusion in pitch angle, energy
transfer mechanism between different particle species, role of hydromagnetic waves) and theoretical aspects (quasi-linear theory,
non-linear wave particle interactions).
14:20
End of the Session
111
OPEN SESSION AND LATEST RESULTS FOR COM. H
Session Chairs: Y. Omura, Richard Horne
Session
H03
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand F
14:20
H03.1 INITIAL RESULTS FROM THE LUNAR RADAR SOUNDER OBSERVATION ON-BOARD THE KAGUYA
(SELENE) SPACECRAFT
T. Ono, A. Kumamoto, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Y. Yamaguchi, Nagoya University, Nagoya,
Japan; A. Yamaji, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; T. Kobayashi, KIGAM, Daejeon, Korea; Y. Kasahara, Kanazawa
University, Kanazawa, Japan; H. Oya, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui, Japan
The Lunar Radar Sounder (LRS) on-board the KAGUYA (Selene) lunar orbiter is currently being equipped to provide the data of
subsurface stratification and tectonic features in the shallow part (several km deep) of the lunar crust, by using an FM/CW radar
technique in HF (~5MHz) frequency range (Ono and Oya, 2000; Ono et al. 2007). This paper provides initial results from the LRS
function test on-board the spacecraft in the lunar orbit.
14:40
H03.2 PLASMA WAVE OBSERVATION BY LRS/WFC ONBOARD KAGUYA (SELENE)
Y. Kasahara, Y. Goto, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; K. Hashimoto, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan; T. Ono,
Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; KAGUYA LRS Team, , ,
KAGUYA (SELENE) is a Japanese moon orbiter launched in September, 2007. The waveform capture (WFC) is a subsystem of the
Lunar Radar Sounder (LRS) onboard KAGUYA, and measures electric wave signals from 100Hz to 1MHz using the two orthogonal
antennas. The WFC is a software receiver and most of the functions are realized by a DSP (digital signal processor) and PDCs
(programmable down converters) implemented in the receiver. By taking advantage of a moon orbiter, the WFC is expected to
measure plasma waves related to the solar wind-moon interaction, and radio emissions to be observed from the moon.
15:00
H03.3 PLASMA WAVE OBSERVATIONS BY CASSINI AT SATURN
G. B. Hospodarsky, W. S. Kurth, D. A. Gurnett, J. D. Menietti, A. M. Persoon, T. F. Averkamp, F. Akalin, University
of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; O. Santolik, Charles University, Prague, Czech Rep.; P. Louarn, CESR,
Toulouse, France; P. Canu, CETP/UVSQ, Velizy, France; M. K. Dougherty, Imperial College, London, UK
The Cassini mission provides an opportunity to measure plasma waves in a wide range of regions in the magnetosphere of Saturn,
ranging from near equatorial to high inclination orbits. The RPWS investigation detects a variety of plasma waves, including whistler
mode chorus, auroral hiss, lightning produced whistlers, electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) waves, and a low frequency
emission that is often detected near the magnetic equator. Wave normal and Poynting vector analysis can be performed on many of
these waves. We will discuss the properties of these waves and the possible importance of wave-particle interactions in the Saturn
magnetosphere.
15:20
H03.4 GYRO-RESONANT ELECTRON ACCELERATION AT JUPITER
1
2
1
3
2
3 1
R. B. Horne , R. M. Thorne , S. A. Glauert , J. D. Menietti , Y. Y. Shprits , D. A. Gurnett ; British Antarctic Survey,
2
3
Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of California, Los Angeles, Ca, USA; University of Iowa, Iowa, Ia, USA
Gyro-resonant electron acceleration by whistler mode waves is a major process for accelerating electrons inside the Earths outer
Van Allen radiation belts. Here we present a survey of data from the Galileo spacecraft at Jupiter which shows that intense whistler
mode waves are observed outside the orbit of the moon Io and, using Fokker-Planck simulations, are strong enough to accelerate
electrons to relativistic energies on timescales comparable to that for electron transport. Gyro-resonant acceleration is most effective
between 6-12 Jovian radii (Rj) and provides the missing step in the production of intense synchrotron radiation from Jupiter.
112
15:40
Tea/Coffee Break
16:00
H03.5 REMOTE SENSING SPACE WEATHER EVENTS THROUGH IONOSPHERIC RADIO: THE AARDDVARK
NETWORK
M. A. Clilverd, Britsih Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom; C. J. Rodger, N. R. Thomson, University of
Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; T. Ulich, Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory, Sodankyla, Finland; J. Lichtenberger,
Eotvos University, Budapest, Hungary; A. B. Collier, Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, Hermanus, South Africa
The Antarctic-Arctic Radiation-belt (Dynamic) Deposition - VLF Atmospheric Research Konsortium (AARDDVARK) provides a
network of continuous long-range observations of the lower-ionosphere in the polar regions. The network of sensors detect changes
in ionisation levels from ~30-90 km altitude, globally, continuously, and with high time resolution, with the goal of increasing the
understanding of energy coupling between the Earth's atmosphere, Sun, and Space. We use the upper atmosphere as a gigantic
energetic particle detector to observe and understand changing energy deposition from space weather events.
16:20
H03.6 FIRST RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS OF DATA OF THE SAS2 E.M. WAVE ANALYZER ON BOARD OF
COMPASS-2 SATELLITE ON BOARD OF COMPASS-2 SATELLITE
1
2
1
1
1
3
4
C. Ferencz , L. Bodnar , J. Lichtenberger , O. E. Ferencz , D. Hamar , P. Steinbach , V. Korepanov ,
5
5
5 1
2
G. Mikhailova , Y. Mikhailov , V. D. Kuznetzov ; Eotvos University, Budapest, Hungary; BL-Electronics, Solymar,
3
4
5
Hungary; MTA-ELTE, Budapest, Hungary; Lviv Centre of Institute of Space Sciences;, Lviv, Ukraine; IZMIRAN,
Troitsk, Russia
During the operation of the Compass2 satellite launched in 2006, the SAS2 advanced electromagnetic wave analyzer worked
properly. Among the recorded ELF-VLF events we found some interesting phenomena. Whistler doublets, reported earlier as
detected by SAS wave analyzer on IK24, appeared at the Compass2. Spiky whistlers, reported as detected by Demeter, were
recorded by the SAS2K2. First time was possible to detect and identify whistlers propagating between two layers in the
magnetosphere (onionskin structure) in higher (third) guided mode form in perfect correlation with the theoretical results of the UWB
signal propagation in wave guides filled with magnetized plasmas.
16:40
H03.7 ANALYSIS OF RECEIVING ANTENNA CHARACTERISTICS IN SPACE PLASMA ENVIRONMENT VIA
PARTICLE-IN-CELL SIMULATION
Y. Miyake, H. Usui, H. Kojima, Y. Omura, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto,
Japan
For investigation of receiving antenna behaviors in space plasma, inhomogeneous plasma environment resulting from antennaplasma interactions should be taken into consideration. To include effects of such inhomogeneity in self-consistent manner, we
applied the electromagnetic Particle-In-Cell simulations to the analysis of receiving antenna characteristics. In the analysis, we set
up external waves in a simulation region and receive them with the antenna placed in the simulation region. Using this method, we
evaluated the effective length of antennas aboard scientific spacecraft. We particularly focused on effects of an ion sheath and a
photoelectron cloud created around the antennas.
17:00
H03.8 FAST NUMERICAL MODELLING OF 1D LANDAU RESONANCE USING A VLASOV HYBRID SIMULATION
CODE
D. Nunn, Southampton University, Southampton, United Kingdom; D. Shklyar, IZMIRAN, Moscow, Russia
In this work we develop a fast, lightweight and highly efficient code for numerical modelling of non linear Landau resonance. We use
the Vlasov Hybrid Simulation (VHS) technique which numerically integrates phase space trajectories in the phase simulation box.
Since distribution function F is known by Liouville's theorem, F may be interpolated onto the regular phase space grid. The code is
very robust against filamentation. The work looks in detail at the time evolution of wave number spectrum, non linear growth rates
and spatially averaged F, and delineates the limitations of quasi-linear theory as applied to this problem.
17:20
End of the Session
113
RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Session Chairs: Steven Ellingson, Joel T. Johnson
Session
JF
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand A
13:40
JF.1 SPECTRAL DOMAIN ALGORITHMS FOR RFI EXCISION IN REAL TIME
D. E. Gary, G. M. Nita, X. Wang, H. Ge, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
We describe algorithms for real-time radio frequency interference (RFI) excision based on data from a prototype instrument for the
Frequency Agile Solar Radiotelescope (FASR), called the FASR Subsystem Testbed (FST). The FST instrument records data over
a 500 MHz bandwidth at full time resolution (see Liu et al. 2007, PASP, 119, 303), allowing off-line application of various RFI
excision algorithms for head-to-head comparison. We describe algorithms operating in the spectral domain (Nita et al. 2007, PASP
119, 805; Wang et al. 2008) that are possible to implement in FPGAs in real time.
14:00
JF.2 SPATIAL FILTERING OF FIXED TRANSMITTERS IN LOFAR
A. J. Boonstra, ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands
The Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) is an aperture synthesis telescope based on phased-array technology, and is currently under
construction in The Netherlands. The wide-field calibration procedure of LOFAR poses constraints on the far side lobes of station
phased arrays. The spatial filters at the stations are therefore limited to suppressing interference from fixed-location transmitters.
The presentation will describe the use and effectiveness of these fixed spatial filters. Both the effect of transmitter propagation and
instrumental (in)stability on the spatial filter effectiveness will be considered.
14:20
JF.3 EXAMPLES OF RECENT RFI MITIGATION DEVELOPMENTS AT NANCAY OBSERVATORY
1
2
1
1
3 1
2
R. Feliachi , C. Dumez-viou , R. Weber , P. Ravier , P. Colom ; PRISME, Orleans, France; Nancay observatory,
3
Nancay, France; Paris observatory, Meudon, France
Nancay Observatory is involved in different operational or prospective developments for RFI mitigation. At the conference, two
recent examples will be described. The first one is the digital implementation of a real time radar blanker. It is based on a robust
reference power estimator and an adapted use of radar temporal characteristics. Thus, HI peak flux densities as low as 5 mJy has
been observed with no radar residuals on the baseline. The second example is about the use of cyclostationarity in aperture arrays.
By applying a Music-cyclic algorithm, RFI DOAs are extracted and then used for null beamforming.
14:40
JF.4 IMPROVED LOW INR INTERFERENCE CANCELLATION USING PHASED ARRAY FEEDS
J. C. Landon, B. D. Jeffs, K. F. Warnick, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States; J. R. Fisher,
R. D. Norrod, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
Radio-frequency interference mitigation in radio astronomy using phased array feeds to steer spatial nulls requires deep nulls to
drive the interferer below the level of the signal of interest which is itself usually below the noise floor. Null depth in zero-forcing
beamformers is limited by interferer subspace identification, which is hindered by estimation error in the short-term integrations
required to assume stationarity for a moving interferer. Low-order polynomial fitting for magnitude and phase of array covariance
elements reduces estimation error as a solution to improve interference cancellation in low interferer-to-noise scenarios.
15:00
JF.5 AN ALGORITHM FOR EXCISION OF RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE FROM INTERFEROMETRIC
DATA
R. M. Athreya, National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Pune, India
I present a new software algorithm to excise Radio Frequency Interference from interferometric data. It has been tested with (FXcorrelator) data from the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. It works well with data obtained in a standard manner and hence can
process archival data as well. I have imaged the field around 3C286 at 240 MHz with a dynamic range (peak-ro-rms) of 40000 away
from the strong source, with just 2 hours of data. The image is free of artifacts above 5 sigma except in the immediate vicinity of
3C286 where a few reach 8 sigma.
114
15:20
JF.6 RFI MITIGATION USING TIME AND FREQUENCY RESOLUTION
J. T. Johnson, B. Guner, N. Niamsuwan, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
Methods for detecting and mitigating radio frequency interference (RFI) in microwave radiometry using high resolution both in time
and frequency are described. Time domain detection and mitigating algorithms (i.e. "pulse blanking") based on simple thresholding
of observed powers have been implemented in real time at 10 nsec resolution in a digital recevier, and results will be presented to
show the performance of this approach against pulsed interference sources. The performance of "cross-frequency" techniques
using a 100 kHz spectral resolution for detecting and removing narrowband RFI sources will also be described.
15:40
Tea/Coffee Break
16:00
JF.7 RFI AS EXPERIENCED DURING PREPARATIONS FOR THE SMOS MISSION
1
2
1
1
1 1
N. Skou , S. Misra , S. S. Soebjaerg , J. E. Balling , S. S. Kristensen ; National Space Institute, Technical
2
University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; Space Physics Research Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI,
USA
RFI (radio frequency interference) is a possible threat to coming spaceborne L-band radiometer missions. Ground based and
airborne campaigns report some level of interference that must be detected and possibly mitigated. Methods to do so are discussed
and demonstrated.
16:20
JF.8 DETECTION AND MITIGATION OF RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE USING A DIGITAL KURTOSIS
SPECTROMETER/DETECTOR
C. Ruf, S. Misra, R. Kroodsma, S. Gross, R. De Roo, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
A new microwave radiometer detector has been developed that is capable of detecting low level Radio Frequency Interference (RFI)
and of reducing its effect on the measured brightness temperatures. The Agile Digital Detector (ADD) digitizes the pre-detection
radiometer signal, performs digital sub band filtering, and then measures the first four moments of the signals probability density
function. The second moment reproduces the square law output of a conventional analog detector. The ADD can discriminate
between RFI and natural thermal emission signals using higher order moments of the signal. The ADD uses spectral filtering
methods to remove the RFI.
16:40
JF.9 RFI PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS IN SPACEBORNE MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS
J. R. Piepmeier, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States
The problem of RFI in spaceborne microwave radiometer data has been known since 1978 when it was first observed at 6.6 GHz
with SMMR on SeaSat. Recently, it has started to seriously impact remote sensing science products primarily because frequency
requirements have begun to overlap active radio service allocations. Thus, RFI detection and mitigation strategies are needed to
ensure a radiometer will not be damaged and can make measurements during RFI events, and to enable the removal of detectable
RFI. Application to NASA's Aquarius and SMAP radiometers, and potential application to the NPOESS MIS radiometer, will be
discussed.
17:00
JF.10 RESULTS OF THE U.S. NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL SURVEY OF THE SCIENTIFIC USES OF THE
RADIO SPECTRUM
D. B. Lang, U.S. National Research Council, Washington, DC, United States; A. J. Gasiewski, University of Colorado
at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States; M. C. Cohen, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
The U.S. National Research Council convened a committee that was charged to develop a report which identifies scientific research
areas requiring quiet spectrum, namely radio astronomy and Earth remote sensing. To do so, the report highlights the important
science being conducted today which is enabled by the allocation of radio bands for scientific use. The report looks ahead 10-20
years to envision how these two scientific communities will be using the spectrum, and what changes to the spectrum regulations
we should begin working on now in order to enable the science to continue to move forward.
17:20
End of the Session
115
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF EMF: ANTENNA INTERACTIONS WITH THE HUMAN BODY AND IMPLANTED SYSTEMS
Session Chairs: Gianluca Lazzi, Cynthia Furse
Session
K02a
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus KL
13:40
K02a.1 MODELING THE MAXIMUM SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATE IN THE HUMAN EYE
L. Liu, N. K. Nikolova, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
We present a fast semi-analytical model to predict the maximum SAR in the eye under the influence of antennas whose open-space
near-field pattern is known. The model is verified by comparison with full-wave simulations, which include the antenna and the eye
immersed in a head-equivalent medium. Several antennas are investigated, such as a dipole, a loop, a patch and a printed invertedF antenna (PIFA). We show that resonance effects occur in the eye at the frequencies used in wireless communications. These
effects cause local SAR values to exceed exposure limits.
14:00
K02a.2 BODY-MATCHED SLOT ANTENNAS FOR RADIOFREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION
C. Occhiuzzi, C. Calabrese, G. Marrocco, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
This paper addresses the design of transponder antennas for Mobile Healthcare Networks based on the RFID technology involving
the human body as the object to be tagged or bio-monitored. A new planar tag family based on a suspended patch fed via a shaped
nested slot, and able to host sensors and electronics, is here introduced. Three different layouts have been investigated through
numerical simulations and fabricated prototypes. The achieved results are promising toward the possible application of such
antennas for the bio-monitoring inside hospital or domestic rooms.
14:20
K02a.3 ON THE DESIGN AND ELECTROMAGNETIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF TELEMETRY COILS FOR A
RETINAL PROSTHESIS.
A. Qusba, V. Singh, G. Lazzi, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
Recent advances in opthalmologic research have shown that patients with Age related Macular Degeneration and Retinitis
Pigmentosa can regain moderate amount of vision by means of a retinal prosthetic device. Currently considered prototypes of
prosthetic device consist of two units: external and implanted. An inductive link is used for energy and data transfer between the two
units. In this work we will review the telemetry needs of a retinal prosthetic system and present numerical results. These results
provide insights into numerical and experimental methods for complete development of telemetry system for retinal prosthesis from
design, implementation and electromagnetic Safety assesment.
14:40
K02a.4 IMPLANTABLE LC SENSORS FOR BIOTELEMETRY
M. Yvanoff, J. Venkataraman, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester,NY, United States
Bio-telemetry enables the communication with an implantable sensor for continuous monitoring of physiological data. The present
work focuses on passive implantable LC sensors for two applications. A sensor configuration specific to each application is used
where the resonant frequency is related to the desired quantities. One application is for monitoring intra-ocular pressure, where the
shift in resonant frequency of a MEMS sensor with a parallel plate capacitor is achieved by plate deflection. The other application for
tissue characterization uses an interdigital capacitor where the resonant frequency shift occurs due to the electrical properties of
tissue encapsulating the sensor.
15:00
K02a.5 TOWARDS A MINIATURE LONG TERM CONTINUOUS GLUCOSE MONITORING DEVICE: IN VITRO AND
IN VIVO STUDIES
1
1
1
2
1 1
E. Topsakal , K. B. Grantham , T. Karacolak , E. C. Moreland , R. Cooper ; Mississippi State University, Mississippi
2
State, MS, United States; University of Alabama at Brimingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
As of 2005, according to Center for Disease Control and Prevention, estimated 20.8 million people have diabetes in the United
States alone. Though finding a cure for diabetes is the ultimate solution, there is an urgent need to research technologies to help
patients better manage their diabetes in order to reduce or totally eliminate these diabetes related deaths. In this study, we introduce
an alternative implantable long term continuous glucose monitoring technology. This alternative technology is based on integrating a
dual band miniature implantable antenna operating at MICS and ISM bands, and an implantable glucose monitoring sensor.
116
15:20
K02a.6 PERMANENT MAGNET FIELDS AND THE SCALING LIMITS OF NMR PROBES
J. C. Stephenson, C. Furse, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
This paper describes the methodologies involved in the development of a field portable NMR technology based on rare earth
permanent magnets and fabrication techniques derived from Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology. The fabrication
of microscale helical antennas surrounding an integrated capillary for the analysis of biological fluids (blood, urine, tears, amniotic
fluid, saliva, etc.) and chemical agent sensing for homeland security is also detailed. The motivating factors for down-scaling the
components of an NMR spectrometer include improvements to the signal to noise ratio, vastly smaller sample volume requirements
and reduced dependence on high performance superconducting electromagnets.
15:40
Tea/Coffee Break
16:00
K02a.7 UWB SPACE-TIME BEAMFORMING FOR PATIENT-SPECIFIC MICROWAVE HYPERTHERMIA
TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER: 3-D COMPUTATIONAL STUDY USING ANATOMICALLY REALISTIC BREAST
PHANTOMS
E. Zastrow, S. C. Hagness, B. D. Van Veen, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
We investigate the feasibility of non-invasive ultrawideband microwave hyperthermia treatment of breast cancer using 3-D breast
phantoms with anatomical and dielectric-properties realism. Space-time beamforming is used to generate the signals transmitted by
a hemispherical antenna array into the breast. The performance of this approach is evaluated for beamformers designed with either
an ideal propagation model that is exactly matched to the actual patient, to establish a best-performance baseline, or a simpler
homogeneous propagation model for comparison. Electromagnetic and thermal FDTD simulations demonstrate the focusing and
selective heating efficacy for two classes of breast tissue compositions.
16:20
K02a.8 EFFICIENT IMPLEMENTATION OF SAR AVERAGING TECHNIQUES IN COMPUTATIONAL DOSIMETRY
FOR HIGHLY DETAILED HUMAN MODELS
P. Crespo-Valero, N. Chavannes, Schmid & Partner Engineering AG, Zurich, Switzerland; N. Kuster, IT'IS Foundation,
Zurich, Switzerland
This paper presents an efficient implementation of different techniques used in the computation of averaged Specific Absorption
Rate (SAR). The main purpose of this work is to enhance the accuracy and speed in the prediction of SAR averaged values
regarding highly detailed human models, which present a highly inhomogeneous medium. Following the recommendations of IEEE
and ICNIRP standards, three different averaging schemes have been considered, namely using a cubical, contiguous and spherical
volume. The resulting algorithms have been implemented and integrated into the advanced simulation platform SEMCAD X
16:40
K02a.9 ON THE USE OF THE ADI-FDTD METHOD FOR BIOELECTROMAGNETIC SIMULATIONS
A. Ajeet, V. Singh, G. Lazzi, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
The Alternating-Direction Implicit (ADI)-FDTD method is theoretically unconditionally stable and thus arbitrarily large time steps can
be used for simulations. In this work, we have used the ADI-FDTD method in the D-H formulation to compute the induced fields and
current densities in the human body due to current injection by contact electrodes of a HEMI device. A discussion of the modeling,
low-frequency techniques and variation in induced current densities with electrode size and position will be presented.
17:00
K02a.10 CHARACTERIZATION OF MUSCLE AND FAT MIMICKING GELS AT MICS AND ISM BANDS (402-405MHZ
AND 2.40-2.48 GHZ)
T. Yilmaz, T. Karacolak, E. Topsakal, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
In vitro testing is crucial to verify the proper functioning of the implantable antennas. In this work, we give the recipes of human fat
and muscle mimicking gels for in-vitro testing of implantable antennas operating at Medical Implant Communication Service (MICS)
and Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) bands. Approximate electrical properties of human fat and muscle tissues at MICS and
ISM band are obtained by mixing de-ionized water, Triton (X-100), DGBE, NaCl and oil at several percentages. The recipes and
measurement results for the gels are given.
17:20
End of the Session
117
URSI GA – Oral Presentations y Thursday, August 14, 2008
MEASUREMENTS TO SUPPORT ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS
Session Chair: Andrew C. Marvin
Session
A05
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Thursday, August 14, 08:00-09:20
Room
Columbus IJ
08:00
A05.1 NONLINEARITY ESTIMATION OF ADCS
F. Jiang, Beijing Meas. Institute, Beijing, China (CIE)
In this paper the author comment on the time field test method sinewave parameter estimation method. Through discussing
sinewave parameter estimation method in details, four parameters sinewave parameters fitting steps are given, and accuracy of
estimation is analyzed, simulated. FFT method and phase difference method are used for comparing the FPE estimation suggested
in the paper. Two ADCS, 16bits resolution are selected, and their effective number of bit (ENOB), as characterization of ADCS
nonlinearity, is computed with sinewave FPE method. Analyzing method suggested in the paper supplies significant estimation way
to improve ADCS application.
08:20
A05.2 EVM AND THROUGHPUT PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT OF SIMULTANEOUS TRANSPORTATION OF
GSM900, GSM1800, UMTS AND WLAN OVER A VCSEL BASED MULTIMODE FIBER LINK
A. G. Nkansah, P. Callaghan, N. J. Gomes, J. Batchelor, D. Wake, University of kent, canterbury, United Kingdom
Evaluation on the performance of simultaneous transmission of 2G (GSM900 and GSM1800), 3G (UMTS) and WLAN wireless
systems over a low-cost 850-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) based 300m length of multimode fibre (MMF) is
presented. Focal point of the measurements is error vector magnitude performance of the GSM900, GSM1800, and UMTS in coexistence with each other and with WLAN. Throughput measurement of WLAN in co-existence with the other three wireless systems
is also presented.
08:40
A05.3 RADIO PROPAGATION MEASUREMENTS BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER THE COLLAPSE OF THREE
LARGE BUILDING STRUCTURES
C. L. Holloway, G. Koepke, D. Camell, K. A. Remley, NIST, Boulder, CO, United States
NIST is investigating various schemes for detecting emergency responders and civilians with portable radios or cell phones who
may be trapped in voids in a collapsed or partially collapsed building. Buildings scheduled for implosion provide the ideal research
environment for investigating radio-wave propagation issues in fully or partially collapsed structures. The experiments reported here
were performed before, during, and after the implosion of three large building structures. Measurements were performed at various
frequencies of interest to emergency responders, frequencies near the public safety and cell bands (50 MHz, 150 MHz, 225 MHz,
450 MHz, 900 MHz, 1.8 GHz).
09:00
A05.4 PHASE-SHIFTING INTERFEROMETRY FOR RF PHASE MEASUREMENT
K. Will, T. Meyer, A. Omar, O.-v.-G. University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
This paper introduces an interferometric technique for the phase measurement of RF devices. A handheld VNA is presented for
HF/VHF applications. A wideband synthesizer with multiple outputs is developed for extending the frequency range to the
microwave band. The phase differences between the output signals can be set digitally with sub-degree accuracy using DDS. The
phase measurement based on superposition of these phase adjustable signals is fairly independent of the absolute measured signal
magnitude. Reflection test sets using RF interferometry for HF/VHF and microwave signals are presented. The accuracy of the
phase measurement is verified by measurements.
09:20
End of the Session
118
FUTURE CHALLENGES OF COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS
Session Chairs: Tapan Sarkar, Magdalena Salazar Palma
Session
BK
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand B
08:00
BK.1 NEW BASIS FUNCTIONS FOR THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SOLUTION OF ARBITRARY-SHAPED, THREE
DIMENSIONAL MATERIAL BODIES USING METHOD OF MOMENTS
S. M. Rao, A. I. Mackenzie, M. E. Baginski, Auburn University,, Auburn, Alabama, United States
We present two sets of basis functions, defined over a pair of planar triangular patches, for the solution of electromagnetic scattering
and radiation problems associated with arbitrarily-shaped conducting/dielectric surfaces using the method of moments solution
procedure and triangular patch modeling. The basis functions are constant over the function subdomain and resemble pulse
functions in one and two dimensional problems. Further, these two sets of basis functions are point-wise mutually orthogonal. The
primary objective of developing these basis functions is to utilize them for obtaining a stable and robust electromagnetic solution
involving conducting, dielectric, and composite bodies.
08:20
BK.2 ANALYTICAL ERROR IN PROJECTION OF PLANE WAVES USING RWG BASIS FUNCTION ON
TRIANGULAR MESH
F.-G. Hu, J. Song, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
The basis functions play important roles in the computational electromagnetics (CEM). It is interesting to investigate the error in
projection of the equivalent current of plane wave. In this paper, the authors present an approach to analytically obtain the projection
error using RWG basis function on triangular mesh.
08:40
BK.3 FAST MULTIPOLE METHOD APPLICATION TO THE SOURCES RECONSTRUCTION METHOD
Y. Alvarez, J. A. Lopez, F. Las-Heras, M. R. Pino, University of Oviedo, Gijon, Spain; T. K. Sarkar, Syracuse
University, Syracuse, USA
The Sources Reconstruction Method is a useful method for antenna diagnostics and near-to-far field transformation. The method,
based on the solution of the Inverse Radiation Problem, requires to deal with large system of equations. The application of
acceleration techniques (eg. Fast Multipole Method) for reducing the computational cost are presented in this paper. By means of
multipolar expansion of the Greens Function, efficient computation of observation-sources domain interactions is achieved. As the
source and observation domains are physically different, some advantages with respect to Fast Multipole method application to the
Method-of-Moments problems is achieved.
09:00
BK.4 A MULTILEVEL DIRECT SOLVER FOR QUASI-PLANAR SCATTERERS BASED ON THE NON-UNIFORM
GRID APPROACH
E. Winebrand, A. Boag, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
We introduce a multilevel direct solver for scattering from quasi-planar objects. The solver relies on the compression of the
interactions between distinct domains. The compression is performed in three steps: field compression using the non-uniform grid
approach, current compression using the rank revealing QR decomposition separating local from interacting currents, and local
problem solution based on Schurs complement. The interacting currents are repeatedly aggregated with the neighboring sections in
a multilevel process. The resulting compressed system of equations is solved directly.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
BK.5 ENHANCED DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION-MODEL ORDER REDUCTION METHOD FOR EFFICIENT
BROADBAND FULL-WAVE ANALYSIS OF MULTILAYER PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS
S.-H. Lee, J.-M. Jin, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
The approximate modal interface-solution space projection is a combined domain decomposition-model order reduction method for
an efficient broadband full-wave simulation of multilayer printed circuit boards. The method features a high efficiency and full-wave
accuracy for modern electronic designs. In this paper, a number of enhancements to our previously reported algorithm are
presented. The enhanced method lifts the restriction on the mesh consistency at subdomain interfaces, and incorporates a coaxialline model for via-holes as a connection for adjacent interface systems. These enhancements facilitate the mesh generation and
improve the modeling flexibility of our numerical method.
119
10:00
BK.6 A PROPERTY OF THE L(C,P,N) NUMBERS AND ITS APPLICATION TO WAVEGUIDE PROPAGATION
G. N. Georgiev, University of Veliko Tirnovo, BG-5000 Veliko Tirnovo, Bulgaria; M. N. Georgieva-Grosse,
Meterstrasse 4, D-70839 Gerlingen, Germany
Two congenial classes of real numbers are defined, using the purely imaginary, resp. real zeros of special functions, constructed
through combinations of definite complex, resp. real Kummer and Tricomi confluent hypergeometric functions. It is proved
numerically that under certain conditions the numbers coincide. Specific representatives of both classes determine the existence of
envelope curves, restricting the phase characteristics of normal, resp. slow rotationally symmetric TE modes in the coaxial ferrite
waveguide, magnetized azimuthally in negative direction, from the side of higher, resp. lower frequencies. The coincidence of the
envelopes is a direct corollary of the sameness of the numbers ascertained.
10:20
BK.7 PARALLEL MOM USING HIGHER ORDER BASIS FUNCTIONS AND PLAPACK OUT-OF-CORE SOLVER FOR
A CHALLENGING VIVALDI ARRAY
M. C. Taylor, Y. Zhang, T. K. Sarkar, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States; R. A. van de Geijn,
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
The problem size that can be solved by the Method of Moments (MoM) is limited by RAM memory. To extend the capability of MoM
code, this paper offers a parallel integral equation solver using the PLAPACK out-of-core solver which breaks the memory constraint
and utilizes hard disk storage. Numerical results for a challenging composite structure, a 112-element Vivaldi antenna array, show
that the PLAPACK out-of-core solver is capable of solving large, dense matrix equations. The implementation of these
advancements creates a powerful tool for efficient computational solution of large and complex real-world electromagnetic
challenges.
10:40
BK.8 MULTI-PHYSICS SIMULATION FOR RADIO FREQUENCY ION TRAP CHEMICAL SENSING
W. Xu, J. Maas, W. Chappell, purdue university, West Lafayette, IN, United States
Ion trap chemical sensor is a powerful chemical analyzer. Recently great efforts have been made on the system miniaturization. In
this process, multi-domain simulation tools starting with EM analysis but working towards chemical spectrum analysis are needed. In
this work, we report the development of a simulation tool based on electric field simulation, gas dynamic simulation and ion
trajectory simulation. The quality of the electric field was analyzed in an effort to provide guidance towards simulation convergence.
Smoothness factor and delta smoothness factor are introduced as new electric field simulation convergence criteria necessary for
ion trap chemical sensing.
11:00
BK.9 AGGREGATE-FUNCTIONS MOM APPROACHES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX BODIES
L. Matekovits, P. Pirinoli, G. Vecchi, F. Vipiana, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
In this communication we review some recent advances in aggregate-functions approaches, based on the construction of efficient
MoM basis functions by suitably grouping standard functions. The application domains, objectives and means of achieving them can
be significantly different for the various embodiments of the aggregate-functions concept. Compressive approaches can reduce the
degrees of freedom of the problem up to allowing a direct, iteration-free solution; non-compressive multiscale approaches can act as
effective pre-conditioners for iterative methods. For this reason aggregate-functions are well suited to solve antenna, EMC and
scattering problems involving large and complex objects.
11:20
BK.10 NONQUADRATIC REQULARIZATION FOR ANTENNA MEASUREMENTS PROCESSING
O. Antropov, V. Borulko, S. Vovk, O. Drobakhin, Dnepropetrovsk National University, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine
The problem of determination of distribution of currents on antenna aperture plane from near-field measurements is considered.
Possibility of use of extension minimum method for currents estimation problem with formulation of appropriate regularization
scheme is discussed, with results strongly outperforming standard quadratic regularization technique, when there is a priori
information about finiteness of unknown support of currents on aperture plane. Results of numerical simulations for radiating point
sources and piecewise-constant currents distribution for plane scanning geometry are given.
11:40
BK.11 A WAVELET-BASED PHASE-SPACE REPRESENTATION OF SOLUTIONS OF WAVE EQUATION
M. S. Sidorenko, 'Radioavionika' Corp., St-Petersburg, Russian Federation; M. V. Perel, St.Petersburg University, StPetersburg, Russian Federation
Phase-space representations of acoustic and electromagnetic fields are discussed in many recent papers. They are used to expand
wave fields in terms of Gaussian beams or of focus wave modes. Our subject is also the phase-space representation of fields which
satisfy scalar wave equation. We found the exact representation based on continuous wavelet analysis. The main distinction is that
instead of using windowed Fourier transform with Gabor window we use the continuous wavelet transform. Our results allow to
expand fields into superposition of ultrawideband short pulses localized in space instead of focus wave modes.
12:00
End of the Session
120
COGNITIVE RADIO AND SOFTWARE RADIO
Session Chair: John Sydor
Session
C07
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus GH
08:00
C07.1 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF ADAPTIVE TPC SPECTRUM SHARING UNDER MULTICELL
ENVIRONMENTS
H. Fujii, H. Yoshino, NTT DoCoMo, Inc., Yokosuka, Japan
A spectrum sharing method has been proposed for wireless communication systems with different priorities and the theoretical
capacities achieved by low-priority systems were given [1]. However the analysis assumed the hotspot environment. In this paper,
we give the attainable capacity of this method in multicell environments, where neighboring BSs are assumed to operate using the
spectrum sharing method. Numerical results show that the proposed method can attain almost double the capacity of ideal DFS with
constant transmit power.
08:20
C07.2 A NOVEL CORRELATION SUM METHOD FOR COGNITIVE RADIO SPECTRUM SENSING
R. K. Sharma, J. W. Wallace, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
Cognitive radio is a promising concept for coping with the spectrum scarcity in future generation wireless communication networks,
and efficient sensing of the available spectrum opportunities is a vital aspect. This work proposes a new correlation sum method and
its performance is compared with standard energy detection. Simulation results indicate that the new method has better
performance than energy detection for different types of modulation in both static and fading environments.
08:40
C07.3 ACTIVE MONITORING AND CONTROL OF TUNABLE CAVITY RESONATORS
A. J. Christianson, J. J. Henrie, W. J. Chappell, purdue university, West Lafayette, IN, United States
Evanescent mode cavity resonators are desirable for tunable filters in cognitive radios due to their tuning sensitivity and high quality
factors. This paper proposes a system for monitoring and controlling their resonant frequency and examines the effect of the system
on resonator performance. The proposed system controls the resonator over a range from 600-700 MHz with unloaded quality
factors as high as 670. A temperature change from 31 to 40 Celsius caused the resonant frequency of an uncontrolled resonator to
drift 28.5 MHz, this drift was reduced to less then 1.2 MHz with the control system engaged.
09:00
C07.4 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON COGNITIVE AND SOFTWARE RADIO TECHNOLOGIES -CONCEPT
AND PROTOTYPEH. Harada, National Instiute of Information and Communication Technology (NICT), Yokosuka, Japan
Research and development results on a software defined cognitive radio equipment that consists of a hardware platform and a
software platform have been introduced. The hardware platform consists of a multi-band antenna supported from UHF band and 2-5
GHz band, multiband RF unit, signal processing unit consists of FPGA and CPU boards. The software platform consists of several
managers that manage spectrum sensing and reconfiguration of communication systems. The developed cognitive radio prototype
senses the signal level over 400MHz-6GHz bands and moreover identifies the system by using software packages. This paper
introduces the developed cognitive radio prototype.
09:20
End of the Session
121
SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR SOFTWARE RADIO
Session Chairs: Yves LOUËT, Jaques Palicot
Session
C08
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus GH
10:20
C08.1 TIME-DEPENDENT STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF MEASUREMENTS FOR THE EVALUATION OF VACANT
SPECTRUM BANDS
T. Renk, V. Blaschke, F. K. Jondral, University of Karlsruhe (TH), 76128, Germany
The demand for more bandwidth due to multi-media applications and the inherently finite resource frequency require a more efficient
use of the radio spectrum in future wireless systems. These requirements pave the way for the use of cognitive radios. This paper
describes measurements that have been performed during the Soccer World Cup 2006 in Germany. Data is analyzed to obtain a
suitable means to evaluate the vacancy of spectrum bands due to timedependent statistics. This includes average channel
allocation, average run length (sequence of 1s in a binary allocation matrix), and amount of runs.
10:40
C08.2 RECONFIGURABLE FILTER BANKS FOR SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO RECEIVERS - AN ALTERNATIVE
LOW COMPLEXITY DESIGN TO CONVENTIONAL DFT FILTER BANKS
M. Raveendranatha Panicker, A. P. Vinod, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
If the coefficients of a finite impulse response (FIR) filter are decimated by M, i.e., if every Mth coefficient of the filter is kept
unchanged and remaining coefficients are replaced by zeros, a multi-band frequency response is obtained. If these multi-band
frequency responses are subtracted from each other or selectively masked using inherently low complex wide transition-band
masking filters, we can obtain different low-pass, high-pass and bandpass frequency bands. The resulting filter bank is a low
complexity alternative for the well known uniform Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) filter banks.
11:00
C08.3 SOFTWARE RADIO ROBUST SIGNAL EXTRACTION: NONENERGY MEASURE APPROACH
O. Antropov, V. Borulko, S. Vovk, O. Drobakhin, Dnepropetrovsk National University, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine
New approach for solving of sinusoid extraction problem in presence of distortions is proposed. Setting of considered problem
contains assumptions that sinusoidal signal is single and pulses are strictly finite in the time, but parameters of sinusoid and
locations, durations and amplitudes of pulses are unknown. We show that standard least squares criterion, based on minimization of
approximation error square, is inapplicable for parameter determination problem in presence of distorting pulses. The criterion of
minimum of "duration" of approximation error is used to effectively solve the considered problem. Results of numerical simulations of
the proposed method are presented.
11:20
C08.4 VARIANCE ANALYSIS OF A HIERARCHICAL DECISION-DIRECTED PHASE DETECTOR FOR 16-QAM
CONSTELLATION
A. Metref, D. Le GUENNEC, J. Palicot, SUPELEC, Rennes, France
In this paper we introduce and describe an optimized phase detector suited to 16-QAM receivers which prevents ambiguous locking
and performs relatively rapid acquisition. Based on a new decision scheme, the proposed phase detector outperforms a classical
decision directed phase detector over a Gaussian channel. An analytical analysis of the proposed phase detector variance is carried
out and validated by means of computer simulation.
11:40
C08.5 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON COGNITIVE AND SOFTWARE RADIO TECHNOLOGIES -DEVICES
AND HARDWARE PLATFORM H. Harada, National Instiute of Information and Communication Technology (NICT), Yokosuka, Japan
Two research and development results on a software defined cognitive radio equipment have been introduced. One of the research
results is to develop multiband/tunable devices such as bandpass filter, amplifier, and mixer that worked over 400MHz-6GHz band
for software defined radio. Another research result is to develop hardware platforms, especially RF unit for software defined radio.
This paper summarizes the two results.
12:00
End of the Session
122
MICRO AND NANOPHOTONICS
Session Chair: Franz Kaertner
Session
D08
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus AB
08:00
D08.1 SILICON NANOPHOTONICS: TOWARDS VLSI PHOTONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
G. Roelkens, W. Bogaerts, D. Taillaert, P. Dumon, L. Liu, S. Selvaraja, J. Brouckaert, J. Van Campenhout,
K. de Vos, P. Debackere, D. Van Thourhout, R. Baets, IMEC/Ghent University - INTEC Photonics Research Group,
Ghent, Belgium
Silicon photonics is emerging as a disruptive technology for passive integrated optical functions and for active optical functions like
(electronically controlled) light modulation and switching. In this presentation we will review the work carried out in the Photonics
Research Group in the field of silicon photonics. This includes the fabrication of photonic integrated circuits using CMOS deep UV
lithography tools, examples of integrated silicon components for wavelength selective optical functions for use in optical
communication and optical sensing, and examples of coupling structures for interfacing the nanophotonic integrated circuits with an
optical fiber.
08:20
D08.2 MAXIMALLY CONFINED SILICON MICRODISK AND MICRORING MODULATORS AND SWITCHES
M. R. Watts, D. C. Trotter, R. W. Young, Sandia National Labs, Albuquerque, NM, United States
Silicon resonant microdisk and microring modulators and switches based on free-carrier depletion and injection were designed and
fabricated with the aim of minimizing device radius to theoretical bend-radiation imposed limits. Minimizing device area serves to
simultaneously maximize resonator free-spectral-range, minimize switching energy, and maximize component density, all critical
parameters for wideband chip-to-chip and intrachip communication applications. Confinement of the bend-mode in the modulators is
minimized by contacting the modulator from within the interior of the resonator to ensure a hard outer wall of the cavity. Both
numerical and experimental results will be presented.
08:40
D08.3 "SMART" NANOPHOTONIC ELEMENTS AND ALL-OPTICAL FEEDBACK CONTROL THROUGH OPTICAL
FORCES AND POTENTIALS
M. A. Popović, P. T. Rakich, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, United States
We describe recently proposed light-powered nanomachines and all-optical self-adaptive optomechanical circuits that rely on the
interplay of resonantly-enhanced optical forces and the manipulation of optical resonances by mechanical degrees of freedom in
nanophotonic structures. This new class of devices facilitates resonantly tailored optomechanical potentials, enabling positional
control of cantilevers with picometer precision and all-optically self-aligning microcavities that track the wavelength of an incident
laser. These device concepts are examples of all-optical (optomechanical) feedback control that may be used to provide robustness
and scalability in strong-confinement nanophotonic circuits that traditionally have extreme sensitivities.
09:00
D08.4 LIGHT TRANSMISSION THROUGH TWO-DIMENSIONAL PHOTONIC QUASICRYSTALS
H.-C. Chang, H.-C. Chang, National Taiwan University, Taipei, China (SRS)
Light transmission through two-dimensional photonic-quasicrystal (PhQC) slabs fabricated from multiple exposure techniques is
numerically studied using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method simulation. The observed semi-forbidden band gaps are
compared with band gaps of periodic photonic-crystal (PhC) structures having identical average refractive indices. It is
demonstrated that the same argument of multiple reflections can be extended from PhCs to PhQCs to predict the location of the
semi-forbidden band gaps of the PhQCs.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
D08.5 NONLINEAR OPTICS IN SI WIRES ON AN SOI PLATFORM
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
R. M. Osgood , O. Chen , A. Hsieh , J. I. Dadap , N. C. Panoiu , X. Liu , W. M. Green , Y. Vlasov , B. Lee ,
1 1
2
K. Bergman ; Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; IBM Watson Laboratory, Yorktown Heights, NY,
United States
We provide a discussion of the nonlinear-optical properties of Si wire waveguides and discuss their design and potential use for on
chip waveguide applications.
123
10:00
D08.6 EXPLOITING THE DISPERSION OF SI NANOWAVEGUIDES FOR NONLINEAR OPTICS
A. Gaeta, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
We review recent research on nonlinear optical interactions in Si waveguides with sub-micron transverse dimensions. Such
nanowaveguides provide the maximal confinement of light for index guiding structures enabling large enhancement of nonlinear
interactions and group-velocity dispersion engineering. The combination of these two properties make photonic nanowires ideally
suited for many nonlinear optical applications including optical processing with sub-mW powers.
10:20
D08.7 OPTICAL FREQUENCY COMB GENERATION AND STABILIZATION IN A MONOLITHIC MICROCAVITY
P. Del'Haye, O. Arcizet, A. Schliesser, T. Kippenberg, Max-Planck-Institute for Quantum Optics, Munich, Germany
In previous work we have shown the generation of optical frequency combs in monolithic fused silica microcavities for the first time.
The equidistance of the comb modes has been proved down to a level of 7.310-18 relative to the pump laser. Here, we demonstrate
independent control and full stabilization of the offset frequency and mode spacing of the frequency comb.
10:40
D08.8 INVESTIGATION OF DISPERSION EFFECTS IN PROXIMITY FIELD NANOPATTERNING LITHOGRAPHY
USING THE FINITE DIFFERENCE TIME DOMAIN METHOD
1
1,2
1,1
2
1 1
M. F. Su , I. F. El-Kady , M. M. Reda Taha , K. H. A. Bogart , C. G. Christodoulou ; UNIVERSITY OF NEW
2
MEXICO, Albuquerque, NM, United States; Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, United States
Proximity Field Nanopatterning (PnP) is a lithography technique which has the potential to serve as an easy and inexpensive
alternative method of producing photonic crystals and photonic crystal-based devices. PnP uses a two-dimensional elastomeric
phase mask to produce three-dimensional interference patterns, which are imprinted on a slab of light sensitive polymer. The slab is
then developed like a photographic plate to reveal three-dimensional structures. In this work we investigate dispersion effects on
PnP generated structures using the Finite Difference Time Domain method and show they become more pronounced 6 microns or
deeper into the photopolymer slab.
11:00
D08.9 IMAGING AND MANIPULATING CONFINED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS IN PHOTONIC CRYSTAL
NANOCAVITIES WITH SNOM PROBES
B. Cluzel, L. Lalouat, F. de Fornel, Universite de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
We investigate the optical near-field properties of photonic crystal nanocavities. First, we break trough the diffraction limit to directly
visualize the electromagnetic field distribution inside the cavities and locally probe their spectral properties. Next, we use the nearfield probes to directly manipulate the optical properties of the cavities and evidence that the near-field interactions existing between
the cavities and the probes allow us to tune their resonance wavelengths. Finally, we develop a novel interaction scanning mode
allowing to directly map the near-field interaction and we analyze its fundamentals theoretically as well as numerically.
11:20
End of the Session
124
EM MODELLING FOR EMC
Session Chairs: Christos Christopoulos, Karl Langenberg
Session
EB
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus CD
08:00
EB.1 THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING WITHIN SYSTEM SIMULATIONS FOR DISTORTIONS OF
NAVIGATION, LANDING AND RADAR SYSTEMS
G. Greving, NAVCOM Consult, Marbach, Germany
Modern systems, e.g. navigation, landing, radar systems, rely on the physics of antennas and propagation. Their electrical
performance is determined by the intended radiation and by the scattering of distorting objects. The scattering analysis is an integral
part of the simulations. The modeling of the antennas, the environment, the distorting objects and of the system itself are the basic
steps of the simulation process. This paper describes the aspects of the scattering within the state-of-the-art system simulations by
evaluating actual examples, such as the new A380, a system with rotating antenna pattern and wind turbines.
08:20
EB.2 INTERFACING 3D CARTESIAN TLM COMPUTATIONAL REGIONS WITH UNSTRUCTURED TETRAHEDRAL
LAYERS
P. D. Sewell, C. Christopoulos, T. M. Benson, D. W. Thomas, A. Vukovic, J. G. Wykes, University of Nottingham,
Nottingham, United Kingdom
TLM is a flexible numerical simulation technique adopted for a variety of electromagnetics. Traditionally, structured, usually
Cartesian, meshing is used to describe the geometry even though this introduces staircasing errors and restricts scope for power
conserving and stable multi-scale meshing. Unstructured tetrahedral TLM has been demonstrated which alleviates many of the
difficulties associated with Cartesian meshes. Hybrid structured-unstructured meshes provides further advantages: Cartesian cells
are employed to describe large uniform regions of space with tetrahedra providing smooth boundary descriptions and stable and
conservative interfaces between the structured regions. This paper will describe the properties of such hybrid schemes.
08:40
EB.3 FAST EMI/EMC SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS VIA STOCHASTIC COLLOCATION METHODS
1
1
2
1 1
C. Yavuz , H. Bagci , J. S. Hesthaven , E. Michielssen ; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States;
Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
2
A simulator that permits the statistical characterization of EMI/EMC phenomena in electrically large platforms (e.g. aircraft) loaded
with cable-interconnected electronic systems is presented. The proposed simulator accounts for uncertainty in the system
configuration (e.g. the placement of electronic equipment and cables, device parameterizations, etc.) and its excitation using a
stochastic collocation method that makes use of highly efficient multi-dimensional Stroud integration rules to estimate averages and
variances of user-defined observables, e.g. the coupled voltage at nonlinear terminations of cables located in a cockpit.
09:00
EB.4 SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF MULTILAYER CARBON-FIBER COMPOSITE MATERIALS
A. Mehdipour, C. W. Trueman, A. R. Sebak, I. D. Rosca, S. V. Hoa, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
In this paper, the plane-wave shielding effectiveness (SE) of multilayer composite materials is investigated. The SE of multilayer
composite laminates is obtained analytically by using the equivalent anisotropic model of each layer along with the transmission
matrix method (TMM). The SE sensitivity analysis is performed as a function of fiber orientation and plane wave polarization.
Moreover, the experimental results of three fabricated composites are reported to evaluate the effect of orientation pattern on the
shielding properties.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
EB.5 PCB ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS PREDICTION FROM EQUIVALENT MAGNETIC DIPOLES FOUND
FROM NEAR FIELD SCANS
D. W. P. Thomas, K. Biwojno, T. Xin, A. Nothofer, P. Sewell, C. Christopoulos, University of Nottingham,
Nottingham, United Kingdom
A method for representing the radiated emissions from a PCB with a ground plane using equivalent magnetic dipoles is described.
The equivalent magnetic dipoles are first deduced from near field scans. The predicted fields are then compared with a full
simulation of the PCB. The resolution necessary to reproduce the radiated fields from a microstrip track is investigated. The main
considerations are the accuracy to which field phase variations can be measured and the number of deduced dipole sources.
Predicted field patterns compare favourably with full field simulations, but far-field amplitude results may differ by 10dB.
125
10:00
EB.6 EVALUATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF AN EQUIVALENT MODEL FOR PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS INSIDE
METALLIC ENCLOSURES
1
2
1
3 1
A. J. Lozano , M. P. Robinson , A. Daz , J. V. Balbastre ; Universidad Politcnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain;
2
3
University of York, York, United Kingdom; Universidad Politcnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
An equivalent model of a printed circuit board can be useful for simplifying electromagnetic problems, reducing the computational
cost of numerical simulations. In this paper an equivalent model of a printed circuit board inside a metallic enclosure is evaluated
inversely by means of simulations and measurements. In order to achieve this goal, results for a set of different printed circuit
boards in three scenarios have been obtained. Benefits and drawbacks of the model are discussed. This equivalent model may be
helpful when studying shielding properties of an enclosure protecting electronic devices.
10:20
EB.7 HYBRID S-PARAMETERS FOR EMI/EMC ANALYSIS OF ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
Y. Bayram, J. L. Volakis, The Ohio State University, Columbus,OH, United States; Z. Khan, Johnson Controls,
Holland,MI, United States
We review and expand the hybrid S-parameters method for intentional and unintentional EMI analysis of electronic systems in
presence of complex platforms. The proposed technique treats EMI as an additional port in the scattering matrix. Such a
mathematical treatment provides for a straightforward characterization of non-linear RF-Digital systems by combining circuit analysis
with full wave microwave analysis. As such, full wave solvers can be combined SPICE-like circuit solvers for EMI characterizations.
Several applications are given, including those of intermodulation in a power amplifier, digital modulation communication system,
integrity of an timer placed inside an automobile.
10:40
EB.8 BEHAVIORAL MODEL FOR COMMON MODE FILTER AND PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION ASPECTS
A. Roc'h, H. Bersgma, F. Leferink, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
A well designed common mode filter can improve significantly the level of electromagnetic interference generated by the motor drive.
The subsequent design of this filter strongly depends of the actual in situ parameter of the motor drive and often leads to a cut and
try process. That is why a new behavioral model for common mode choke is proposed. The model can show the influence of the
designable parameters on the final performance of the choke placed in a circuit and the identification of the model uncertainties is
used to evaluate the upper and lower limits of the final attenuation.
11:00
EB.9 EMC MODELLING OF RADAR SIGNAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF CARDIAC PACEMAKERS
1
2
1 1
S. Schenke , F. Sabath , S. Dickmann ; Helmut-Schmidt-Universitt, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany;
2
Wehrwissenschaftliche Institut f r Schutztechnologien - ABC-Schutz (WIS), Munster, Germany
Cardiac pacemakers are vital for many persons sufferering from heart diseases, and a malfunction of those devices can have
severe consequences for their wearers. Yet, in a signal environment evermore complex, the influence of external signals interfering
with the normal operation of a pacemaker is getting stronger. We present an nonlinear analytical model of a pacemaker and use it to
investigte the influences of external signals on the operation. The model is able to calculate critical input voltage levels for all kinds
of periodic input signals.
11:20
EB.10 NUMERICAL ESTIMATION OF ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN WIRELESS OFFICE LANS USING THE
FDTD METHOD
M. Hirono, T. Hikage, L.-R. Harris, T. Nojima, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
The purpose of this study is to develop accurate and reliable estimation method of Electromagnetic field distributions in practical
environments including humans absorption effects. In this paper, large-scale numerical simulations are carried out to examine the
electromagnetic fields excited by the wireless LAN terminal inside an office. We used a typical office model and employed the FDTD
technique and a supercomputer to estimate the field distributions inside the whole area of the room. Furthermore, a simplified
histogram estimation method for electric field strength was employed to deal with the complicated EMF distributions inside the office.
11:40
End of the Session
126
REMOTE SENSING AND PROPAGATION EFFECTS OF VEGETATION
Session Chairs: Simonetta Paloscia, Mahta Moghaddam
Session
F01
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus EF
08:00
F01.1 NEW RESULTS IN MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING OF VEGETATION
1
2
1 1
2
R. H. Lang , C. Utku , M. Kurum ; George Washington Uniiversity, Washington, DC, United States; NASA Goddard
Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States
For active and passive remote sensing of vegetation biomass and underlying soil moisture, it is important to have an accurate
physical model and an inverse method that relies on as few parameters as possible. In this paper two new modeling results and one
new inverse method will be described. The active/passive response of a quasi periodic canopy such as corn will be treated. Next,
the effect of incoherent double bounce backscatter in forests with an underlying rough surface will be discussed. Finally, a new
inversion technique to determine forest attenuation from backscattered radar signatures will be addressed.
08:20
F01.2 INTERACTIONS OF MICROWAVES WITH FORESTS: SIMULATIONS AT L-BAND
L. Guerriero, A. Della Vecchia, P. Ferrazzoli, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
The model developed at Tor Vergata University simulates the backscattering coefficient, the emissivity and the bistatic scattering
coefficient of vegetated soils using a unique approach, based on the radiative transfer theory. This work shows results of
comparisons between model simulations and measurements of emissivity and backscattering coefficient at L-band. The model is
also used to predict the performances of an L-band radiometer in monitoring soil moisture under forests of various biomass values.
Finally, it is used to predict the trend of the specular scattering coefficient as a function of biomass.
08:40
F01.3 MULTIFREQUENCY MICROWAVE EMISSION FROM FORESTS
S. Paloscia, P. Pampaloni, E. Santi, Institute of Applied Physics - National Research Council - IFAC-CNR, Florence,
Italy
Retrieving information on forest biomass and soil under vegetation is crucial for all studies concerning global changes and carbon
balance. The capability of microwaves in penetrating vegetation covers is well known, but only few studies have investigated
emission from soil under forests and the contribution of single tree elements to total radiation. To further examine quantitatively
these aspects a study has been carried out by using ground based multifrequency radiometric observations and model analysis.
The results of this study made it possible to evaluate the contribution of the tree components to total emission and their effects on
soil moisture measurement.
09:00
F01.4 A PARAMETRIC FOLIAGE PATH-LOSS MODEL
K. Sarabandi, F. Wang, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
An accurate parametric model for microwave path-loss through foliage is developed. This model is constructed based on fractalbased coherent scattering model inconjunction with a physics based parametric formulation the describes the behavior of two-slope
path-loss versus distance. The model includes both the radio and foligae parameters developed for engineering practitioners in
radar and communications.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
F01.5 INVERSION OF SOIL MOISTURE PROFILES UNDER TALL VEGETATION WITH LOW-FREQUENCY RADAR:
THEORY AND EXPERIMENT
M. Moghaddam, Y. Goykhman, The University of Michigan, Ann arbor, MI, United States
We previously presented the theoretical basis for estimating soil moisture under forest canopies using a combination of coherent
and incoherent scattering models for UHF/VHF radars. This work focuses on sensitivity analyses and application of the proposed
method to experimental data. We assume the ground layers to be separated by rough interfaces of arbitrary depth and permittivity.
The wave scattering mechanisms include the interactions between the vegetation and subsurface layers, plus the standard
vegetation and ground surface. Successive nonlinear optimization algorithms are used along with the scattering models and
ancillary date to invert both vegetation and soil profile parameters.
127
10:00
F01.6 ESTIMATION OF CANOPY ATTENUATION AT L-BAND BY A TIME-DOMAIN ANALYSIS OF RADAR
BACKSCATTER RESPONSE
M. Kurum, R. H. Lang, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States; P. E. O'Neill, NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States
A new technique for determining the canopy attenuation that uses the measured stepped frequency radar backscatter response is
proposed. It makes use of the details found in a transient solution where the canopy (volume scattering) and the tree-ground (double
interaction) effects appear at different times. The proposed technique is based on separating the backscattering sources within a
forest canopy in the time response. Using this technique, the canopy attenuation is successfully retrieved from L-band stepped
frequency radar data collected over stands of deciduous Paulownia trees under various physical conditions.
10:20
F01.7 TOPOGRAPHY EFFECTS ON BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE IN REMOTE SENSING AT L-BAND
C. Utku, D. Le Vine, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States
Current retrieval algorithms for microwave remote sensing of soil moisture, generally assume a two-dimensional geometry
(horizontal plane) possibly with small scale roughness appropriate for agriculture. However, for accurate retrievals of soil moisture
on a global scale, the impact of earths topography on the sensor output needs to be investigated. In this paper, an analytical study
of the impact of topography on antenna temperature is presented using Digital Elevation Maps (DEM) for the site of the Soil
Moisture Experiment (SMEX04). The results predict a large impact for rough terrain at large incidence angles.
10:40
F01.8 {BISTATIC SCATTTERING BY FORESTED AREAS AT LOW FREQUENCIES:SIMULATIONS AND INDOOR
MEASUREMENTS
L. Thirion-Lefevre, Supelec, Gif sur Yvette, France; E. Colin-Koeniguer, ONERA, Palaiseau, France
We are interested in the bistatic scattering of a forest area at VHF-UHF band for FOPEN applications. A modelling tool is used to
simulate different configurations and we present in this communication comparisons between simulated and real bistatic data
collected by ONERA in its anechoic chamber. Two cases are namely analysed: first a single dielectric cylinder and then a group of
vertical dielectric cylinders.
11:00
End of the Session
128
TUTORIAL F: GROUND PENETRATING RADAR INTO REAL WORLD
Session Chairs: Piotr Sobieski, Madhu Chandra
Session
FT
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus EF
11:00
FT.1 GPR (GROUND PENETRATING RADAR) INTO REAL WORLD
M. Sato, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; A. Yarovoy, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) is one of subsurface sensing technologies, which has been used intensively since 1980s. While
such applications as to detection of buried pipes and cables, archaeology and geology are established category, new applications
such as humanitarian demining and Luna and Mars observation are gathering interests. Even in the classical applications,
technology development is required to improve GPR performance in terms of faster data acquisition, deeper penetration into ground
and subsurface object characterization. In this tutorial talk, we will introduce the most modern GPR systems and demonstrate
technology development due to challenges of new applications.
12:00
End of the Session
129
RADIO SOUNDING TECHNIQUES FOR THE IONOSPHERE AND MAGNETOSPHERE
Session Chairs: L-A McKinnell, Gordon James
Session
GH
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand E
08:00
GH.1 CHALLENGES OF AUTOMATIC IONOGRAM SCALING: LESSONS LEARNED FROM ARTIST-5 EVALUATION
I. A. Galkin, B. W. Reinisch, G. M. Khmyrov, A. V. Kozlov, X. Huang, V. V. Paznukhov, University of Massachusetts
Lowell, Center for Atmospheric Research, Lowell, MA, United States
Ionosondes provide unsurpassed accuracy and detail of ionospheric specifications around the globe and they will monitor the
ionosphere 24/7 for years to come. Automatic ionogram scaling remains the key to autonomous ionosonde operations with
assimilative ionospheric models. The release of the ARTIST5 software for all digisondes brings again to light the autoscaling
requirements and challenges. We review imperfections through the prism of effects on user applications and possibility of their
detection and mitigation. Taking ARTIST software as an example, we share our vision for the future of ionogram autoscaling and the
use of the ionosonde network for unmanned operation.
08:20
GH.2 A NEW DIGISONDE FOR RESEARCH AND MONITORING APPLICATIONS
B. W. Reinisch, I. A. Galkin, U. Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
The new Digisonde 4D, while preserving basic principles of the Digisonde family, introduces important hardware and software
changes that implement the latest capabilities of new digital RF circuitry and embedded computers. The D refers to digital
transmitters and receivers. New software solutions in conjunction with new hardware offer significantly enhanced measurement
flexibility, enhanced signal sensitivity, and new types of data, e.g., it outputs all time-domain samples of 4 antenna signals for
independent scientific analysis. Precision group height measurements with 1 km resolution can be done on a routine basis. The 4D
runs the new ARTIST-5 autoscaling software.
08:40
GH.3 WHISTLER MODE SOUNDING OF THE MAGNETOSPHERE: MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRON DENSITY, ION
COMPOSITION (H+, HE+, O+), AND DENSITY IRREGULARITIES ALONG THE GEOMAGNETIC FIELD
V. S. Sonwalkar, A. Reddy, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States; D. L. Carpenter,
Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States; B. W. Reinisch, University of Massachusetts, Lowell,
Massachusetts, United States
Radio Plasma Imager (RPI) on the IMAGE satellite provided the first opportunity for space-based whistler mode (WM) sounding of
the magnetosphere. At altitude <10,000 km IMAGE has observed WM echoes resulting from magnetospheric reflection, specular
reflection at the Earth-ionosphere boundary, and back scattering by field aligned irregularities of WM waves. Based on the
characteristic spectral form, WM echoes can be classified as discrete, multipath, or diffuse echoes. Observed dispersion of MR-WM
and SR-WM echoes combined with ray tracing simulations leads to the determination of electron density, density irregularities, and
ion composition along the geomagnetic field.
09:00
GH.4 A NEW GENERAL PURPOSE HIGH PERFORMANCE HF RADAR
R. N. Grubb, Consultant, Boulder, CO, United States; R. Livingston, Scion Associates, Port Townsend, WA, United
States; T. W. Bullett, NOAA, Boulder, CO, United States
A new HF radar/ionosonde system using digital RF technology is described that matches or exceeds the stringent hardware
performance specifications of the 1970 NOAA HF Radar. A new active antenna preamplifier and front end analog design achieves
excellent linearity and low frequency performance from electrically short receiving dipoles. The multi channel receiver uses direct
digital RF sampling and down-conversion, providing a wide dynamic range and stable phase matching between channels. The
exciter uses flexible digital up-conversion. The radar provides the experimenter with network access to raw data for their own
processing as well as secure remote control.
130
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
GH.5 COORDINATED SPACE-GROUND SOUNDING EXPERIMENTS IN THE E-POP SATELLITE MISSION
G. James, Communications Research Centre Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; P. A. Bernhardt, Naval Research
Laboratory, Washington, DC, U.S.A.; R. B. Langley, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
Instruments in the ePOP satellite suite will be coordinated with ground-based radio facilities for ionospheric studies. The ePOP radio
instruments are an ELF-HF radio receiver, a dual-frequency GPS receiver, and a three-frequency VHF/UHF/L-Band beacon. These
instruments will be employed in ionospheric experiments in ways that exploit their combined wide range of frequencies for
ionospheric probing. In 1978, propagation from a transmitter at Ottawa to the ISIS sounder receivers was investigated at 9.3 MHz.
The analysis of resulting transionospheric signals has helped to prepare the HF portion of the ePOP ground-space program.
10:00
GH.6 THE EISCAT TROMSO DYNASONDE
M. T. Rietveld, EISCAT Scientific Association, Tromso, Norway; J. W. Wright, N. Zabotin, University of Colorado,
Boulder, CO, USA; M. L. V. Pitteway, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK
A description, and the capabilities of an ionospheric sounder in the auroral zone near Troms, Norway are presented, together with
some scientific applications. The sounder, of the dynasonde type, provides an on-line data set which has improved dramatically in
quantity, quality and information content in recent years. The echoes from a standard sounding mode provide, in addition to
ionograms, precise group range, direction of arrival, Doppler, and polarisation. From these echo properties one can study
ionospheric electron densities, drift velocities, dynamics of structures like the trough and travelling ionospheric disturbances,
irregularity parameters, mesospheric echoes, and HF-induced ionospheric perturbations.
10:20
GH.7 USING A DPS AS A COHERENT SCATTER HF RADAR
L. G. Magnus, L.-A. McKinnell, Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, Hermanus, South Africa
Coherent backscatter is routinely observed in the polar ionosphere using the SuperDARN HF Radar network. The Digisonde
Portable Sounder (DPS) routinely measures ionospheric reflections to form ionograms at all latitudes. The DPS can be configured in
the Drift mode which allows the determination of the full Doppler Spectrum for each echo. The DPS was configured in the Drift mode
to try and observe ionospheric backscatter at mid to low latitudes. The experiment yielded two distinct ranges of scatter, one that
appears to be groundscatter and the other is not.
10:40
GH.8 SOUNDING OF THE PLASMASPHERE AND LOW ALTITUDE POLAR REGIONS BY THE RADIO PLASMA
IMAGER ON THE IMAGE SATELLITE: SOME HIGHLIGHTS
D. L. Carpenter, T. Bell, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
We briefly review several studies performed on data acquired by the Radio Plasma Instrument (RPI) on the IMAGE satellite. These
studies involved: (i) the roughness of the plasmapause as a target for sounding and the presence in the outer plasmasphere of fieldaligned irregularities with scale widths ~200 m to 10 km; (ii) simultaneous upward and downward Z-mode probing of the plasma
distribution; (iii) new evidence of proton cyclotron echoes stimulated at frequencies in the whistler and Z-mode domains, as well as
at frequencies above the electron gyrofrequency in a nominally non-electromagnetically propagating domain.
11:00
GH.9 THE NEW IONOSPHERIC STATION OF TUCUMN: FIRST RESULTS
1
1
1
1
1
2,3
2,3 1
M. Pezzopane , E. Zuccheretti , C. Bianchi , C. Scotto , B. Zolesi , M. A. Cabrera , R. G. Ezquer ; Istituto
2
Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy; CIASUR-FRT, Universidad Tecnolgica Nacional, Argentina, Rome,
3
Italy; Laboratorio de Ionosfera, Universidad Nacional de Tucumn, Argentina, Tucuman, Argentina
An Advanced Ionospheric Sounder, built at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy, was installed at Tucumn,
Argentina, particularly interesting for its location, near the southern peak of the equatorial anomaly. The aim of this installation is to
collect a large amount of continuous data useful both to study the dynamic of the equatorial ionospheric plasma and to develop
reliable regional ionospheric prediction models. Moreover this ionosonde will contribute to the ionospheric database and real time
knowledge of southern hemisphere ionospheric conditions for space weather applications.
11:20
GH.10 LESSONS LEARNED FROM PREVIOUS SPACE-BORNE SOUNDERS AS A GUIDE TO FUTURE SOUNDER
DEVELOPMENT
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
R. F. Benson , M. L. Adrian , M. D. Deshpande , W. M. Farrell , S. F. Fung , V. A. Osherovich , R. F. Pfaff ,
1 1
2
D. E. Rowland ; NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States; CUA/Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States
Many nations have launched radio sounders in geospace over more than 4 decades and there have been sounders on spaceprobes and in orbit around other planets. Here we will summarize some of the lessons learned from these accomplishments by
analyzing data from radio sounders on the Alouette and ISIS satellites and the OEDIPUS and other rockets in the terrestrial
ionosphere, the IMAGE satellite in the terrestrial magnetosphere, the Ulysses space probe in Jupiter's Io plasma torus and the
MARSIS satellite in orbit around Mars. Knowledge of these results should enable the optimum design of a future sounder.
11:40
End of the Session
131
KINETIC PROCESSES AT BOUNDARY LAYERS
Session Chairs: B. Lembege, G. Lakhina, K. Quest
Session
H04
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand F
08:00
H04.1 WAVE PARTICLE INTERACTIONS IN THE NEAR-EARTH PLASMA SHEET BOUNDARY LAYER AND
CONSEQUENCES FOR THE AURORAL ZONE
M. Ashour-Abdalla, D. Schriver, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; J. N. Lebeouf, JNL Scientific, Casa Grande,
AZ, United States
Cluster observations of the high latitude near-Earth plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL) show the presence of ion shell
distributions coincident with electrostatic/electromagnetic wave emissions. We have found that ion shell distributions excite lower
hybrid waves and ion Bernstein modes. Theory and observations show that the shell distribution is only unstable when cold
background ions are present which occurs when ionospheric ions are streaming away from the Earth into the PSBL. We examine
the role the shell driven wave-particle interactions play in transport between the PSBL and auroral zone, as well as the relationship
with auroral potential structures.
08:20
H04.2 PARTICLE PRECIPITATION IN THE CUSP REGION BEFORE AND AFTER AN ABRUPT CHANGE OF THE
IMF DIRECTION: RECENT RESULTS FROM THE CLUSTER MISSION
1
2
3
4
1
5
1
1
C. P. Escoubet , J. Berchem , J.-M. Bosqued , F. Pitout , M. G. Taylor , K. Trattner , H. Laakso , A. Masson ,
6
3
3
7
8 1
2
M. Dunlop , I. Dandouras , H. Reme , A. Fazakerley , P. Daly ; ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands; IGPP/UCLA,
3
4
5
Los Angeles, USA; CESR/CNRS, Toulouse, France; LPG, Grenoble, France; Lockheed Martin ATC, Palo Alto, USA;
6
7
8
RAL, Didcot, UK; MSSL, Dorking, UK; MPS, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
The polar cusp is a highly dynamic region responding very quickly to changes in the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) direction.
The four Cluster spacecraft observed the polar cusp on 23 September 2004 during a sudden change of IMF. Between the first three
and the last spacecraft crossing the cusp, the IMF rotated from southward to northward with a dominant By (GSM) component. The
first two spacecraft observed a typical IMF-southward ion dispersion, while the last one observed both an IMF-Southward-like
dispersion in the boundary layer and an IMF-northward dispersion in the cusp.
08:40
H04.3 RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON ACCELERATION BY WHISTLER-MODE CHORUS EMISSIONS IN RADIATION
BELTS
Y. Omura, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; D. Summers, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
We perform test particle simulations assuming whistler-mode chorus wave packets that are generated at the geomagnetic equator
propagate away from the equator in both poleward directions. While electrons in the energy range 10 - 100 keV are primarily
responsible for generation of chorus waves through pitch angle diffusion into the loss cone, it has been found that a fraction of the
higher-energy electrons from a few hundred keV to MeV are effectively accelerated by chorus due to special nonlinear trapping
processes. A Green's function method is used to describe the evolution of the particle energy distribution function.
09:00
H04.4 IMPACT OF FORESHOCK TRANSIENT EVENTS ON THE TERRESTRIAL BOW SHOCK AND THE
MAGNETOPAUSE: ANALYSIS FROM THE THEMIS MISSION
C. Mazelle, CESR / CNRS, Toulouse, France
Foreshock transient events such as hot flow anomalies, cavities or density holes are frequently observed in front of the terrestrial
bow shock. The geoeffectiveness of such transients has been an open question from their identification. Multi-spacecraft
observations made by the Themis mission during its first season show such foreshock transients in the solar wind observed by one
spacecraft and structures in the magnetosheath detected by another while two other spacecraft are close to the bow shock and one
in the magnetosphere.
132
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
H04.5 CLUSTER OBSERVATIONS AND SIMULATIONS OF KINETIC PROCESSES AT THE EARTHS BOW SHOCK
H. Kucharek, B. Miao, E. Moebius, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
Physical processes at the Earth's bow shock are collisionless. Ions are reflected and energized, gyrate at the ramp, create shock
surface waves, form beams, and create upstream waves. Numerical simulations show that kinetic processes determining the local
structure and dynamics. Those are major factors for ion reflection, scattering at the ramp, and downstream thermalization. Multispacecraft missions, Cluster and THEMIS, provide detailed observational insights into the local structure of the shock and the
associated processes. We will review recent developments to investigate kinetic processes at and downstream of the Earths bow
shock using multi-spacecraft measurements, and kinetic simulations.
10:00
H04.6 ELECTROSTATIC SOLITARY STRUCTURES NEAR AND AT EARTH'S BOW SHOCK
1
2
1
3
4
1
3
J. S. Pickett , L. L-J. Chen , I. W. Christopher , S. S. Ghosh , B. Grison , D. A. Gurnett , G. S. Lakhina ,
5
6
7
8
9 1
B. Lavraud , A. Masson , O. Santolik , B. T. Tsurutani , D. L. Winningham ; The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa,
2
3
United States; University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States; Indian Institute of
4
5
Geomagnetism, New Panvel (W), Navi Mumbai, India; CETP, Velizy, France; CESR/CNRS, Toulouse, France;
6
7
8
ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands; Charles University and IAP/CAS, Prague, Czech Republic; Jet Propulsion
9
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States; Southwest Research Institute, San
Antonio, Texas, United States
Observations by the Cluster WBD instruments near and at Earth's bow shock have revealed that isolated Electrostatic Solitary
Waves (ESWs), which are small-scale potential and density structures, are almost always found there. We present examples of
ESWs detected during quasi-parallel and quasi-perpendicular shock crossings and show where these ESWs are located within the
shock transition region. We also provide statistics of various ESW characteristics and supporting wave and particle data that help to
provide insight into the generation mechanism of these structures. We briefly discuss ESW propagation speeds and directions
where possible using cross-spacecraft correlations.
10:20
H04.7 ELECTRON BEAMS AND LANGMUIR WAVES UPSTREAM OF COLLISIONLESS SHOCKS
1
1
2
1 1
2
S. D. Bale , M. Pulupa , M. Maksimovic , R. P. Lin ; UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States; Obs de Paris,
Meudon, Meudon, France
Strong collisionless shocks in the interplanetary medium will energize electrons by the fast-Fermi, and perhap others, mechanism.
The energized electrons form a beam, by advection, and this beam generates Langmuir waves which may mode-convert to freely
propagating electromagnetic emission. We review observations of shock-accelerated electron beams and corresponding waves,
including recent observations from the STEREO spacecraft
10:40
H04.8 CLUSTER MULTI-SPACECRAFT ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL SCALES OF LANGMUIR WAVEPACKETS IN THE
FORESHOCK
J. Soucek, O. Santolik, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Prague, Czech Republic; T. Dudok de Wit,
V. Krasnoselskikh, LPCE - CNRS, Orleans, France; J. S. Pickett, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
In this study we present the first multi-spacecraft analysis of the spatial scales of Langmuir wavepackets in the terrestrial foreshock.
We developed a spectral matching technique and applied it to data from the WBD instrument of Cluster to identify simultaneous
observations of the same wavepacket on multiple spacecraft at small separations. Our analysis shows that typical scales of
Langmuir wavepackets in the direction transverse to the magnetic field fall between 40 and 100 km and their size in the parallel
direction exceeds 150 km. We use the results to draw further conclusions about the observed modulation of Langmuir waves.
11:00
H04.9 MAGNETOPAUSE DYNAMICS STUDIED THROUGH 2D HYBRID SIMULATIONS
R. Smets, J. Petri, N. Aunai, G. Belmont, cnrs, velizy, France
This presentation is a report on the three processes supposed to play a role in magnetosheath/magnetospher coupling : diffusion,
turbulence and magnetic reconnection. We will first show that, because of finite larmor radius effects, stationnary diffusion can occur,
and analyze the characteristic kinetic properties of this process. We shall also discuss how a tangential discontinuity (modelling the
magnetopause) reacts to an inflow of turbulent waves coming from the magnetosheath. For magnetic reconnection, we will discuss
how the tearing instability is sensitive to the specific magnetopause geometry and profiles, which are far from the usual symmetric
Harris layer most often modelled.
11:20
H04.10 DEMONSTRATION OF X-LINE RETREAT BY A LARGE SCALE FULL PARTICLE SIMULATION
1
2
1
1 1
I. Shinohara , M. Oka , K. G. Tanaka , M. Fujimoto ; Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Japan Aerospace
2
Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan; University of California Riverside, CA, USA
The X-line retreat problem is investigated by a large scale two-dimensional full particle simulation. In the case where the obstacle
sits close to the X-line, the collision between the reconnection flow and the obstacle may affect on the process right at the X-point.
To examine long-time evolution of the X- line retreat, we have performed a simulation of the X-line retreat with a larger simulation
box whose scale size is more than ~ 100 ion inertia length. We will demonstrate how the X-line retreat evolves in the macroscopic
view.
133
11:40
H04.11 ELECTRODYNAMICS IN A VERY THIN CURRENT SHEET: COMPARISON BETWEEN CLUSTER
OBSERVATIONS AND SIMULATIONS
N. Singh, University of Alabama, Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, United States
Satellite observations revealed that the current sheets (CSs) in the magneto-tail could thin to a few electron skin depth. Thinning of
initially broad CSs, its rewidening and bifurcation are studied by means of 3D kinetic simulations. Evolution of the electrostatic
potential structure (PS) associated with Hall electric fields is studied. When current-driven instabilities generate large-amplitude
waves, trapping electrons and causing current disruption and bifurcation of the CS, PS develops fine structures. Ions are
accelerated into the central region of the CS and appear as counter-streaming populations. We compare such CS features with
those measured from Cluster
12:00
End of the Session
134
OBSERVATORY REPORTS
Session Chair: Subramaniam Ananthakrishnan
Session
J04
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand A
08:00
J04.1 PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF ONSALA SPACE OBSERVATORY, SWEDEN
M. Lindqvist, H. Olofsson, Onsala Space Observatory, Onsala, Sweden
Onsala Space Observatory (OSO), the Swedish National Facility for Radio Astronomy, operates a 20m-diameter millimetre-wave
telescope and a 25m-diameter cm-wave telescope at Onsala, Sweden. OSO is also responsible for the Swedish involvement in the
Atacama Pathfinder Experiment, an excellent sub-millimetre telescope on an exceptionally good site, Llano Chajnantor in Chile.
OSO was recently awarded money from the Swedish Research Council to purchase a LOFAR station. OSO is involved in several
projects such as ALMA, Herschel and SKA. We will describe the present status of the observatory and outline some of the planned
future directions.
08:10
J04.2 REPORT ON THE ACTIVITIES OF THE NANCAY RADIOASTRONOMY STATION DURING THE LAST 3
YEARS
N. Cornilleau-Wehrlin, Station de Radioastronomie de Nancay, Nancay, France
The Decimetric Radio Telescope (NRT), the Radioheliograph (NRH) and the Decametric Array (DAM) have been fully operational
over the past 3 years, and have been made more reliable. The station hosts other instruments, as CODALEMA, project to evaluate
the possibility to observe the radio counterpart of cosmic rays. A R&D activity has been developed in the 2 domains of
microelectronics (low noise amplifier, System in Packages, beam formers) and RFI mitigation, in particular for SKADS. One of the 2
SKADS test instruments, EMBRACE, is being installed in the Station. Nancay will host soon a remote LOFAR station.
08:20
J04.3 THE SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY - OBSERVATORY REPORT
R. Blundell, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, United States
Technical improvements made at the SMA since the last URSI-GA meeting will be summarized. These include: bringing all array
elements to the same specifications, improved sensitivity at 350 GHz, installation of hardware to enable polarimetry in all observing
bands, implementation of the high resolution correlator mode, and the addition of the sub-compact array configuration. We will
present science highlights made possible by these improvements and will discuss ongoing projects to double the IF bandwidth for
single receiver operation, incorporating the JCMT and CSO for extended-SMA observations and VLBI, atmospheric phase monitors
and atmospheric phase correction schemes.
08:30
J04.4 OVRO AND CARMA
D. C. C-J. Bock, Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy, Big Pine, CA, United
States; D. P. Woody, California Institute of Technology, Big Pine, CA, United States
The Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO) is the base for the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy
(CARMA), and also for several other projects that study the sun and the cosmic microwave background. We will report on these
projects.
08:40
J04.5 OBSERVATORY REPORT: ASTRON (NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE FOR RADIO ASTRONOMY).
M. A. Garrett, ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands
I will present an observatory report on various developments within ASTRON - the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy. Over
the last year, ASTRON has undergone many changes in its governance structure and mission. However, the focus of the talk will lie
on updating the community on progress in the procurement, commissioning and roll-out of LOFAR (the Low Frequency Array). In
addition, new developments associated with Focal Plane Arrays (APERTIF) and Apperture Arrays for the Square Km Array will be
described. Results from existing ASTRON facilities (in particular the WSRT and EVN) will also be presented.
135
08:50
J04.6 SHANGHAI ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY
X. Hong, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (CIE)
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (SHAO) is an institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). The observatory's main
research activities fall into four divisions: astro-geodynamics, astrophysics, very-long-baseline-interferometry (VLBI), and the
technical laboratories. Its observing facilities include a 25m radio telescope used for VLBI, a 1.56m optical telescope, and a 60cm
satellite laser-ranging system (SLR). There are also three technical laboratories, researching hydrogen atomic clocks, VLBI
techniques, and optical astronomy. SHAO is responsible for the VLBI and SLR networks in China.
09:00
J04.7 THE EUROPEAN PULSAR TIMING ARRAY
1
1
2
2
3
4
5
5
2
I. Cognard , G. Desvignes , M. Burgay , N. D'amico , G. Janssen , A. Jessner , M. Kramer , A. Lyne , A. Possenti ,
5
5
1 1
2
M. Purver , B. Stappers , G. Theureau ; LPCE - CNRS, Orleans, France; Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari,
3
4
Cagliaria, Italy; Astronomical Institut 'Anton Pannekoek', Amsterdam, Netherlands; MPI fur Radioastronomie, Bonn,
5
Germany; University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
The European Pulsar Timing Array is a collaboration recently formed between the five main radio observatories in Europe :
Effelsberg, Jodrell Bank, Nancay, Westerbork and Cagliari. Our main goal is the detection of gravitational waves through the precise
timing of a set of ultra-stable pulsars. We combine the individual strengths of all the different observatories to obtain improved
results. Besides gravitational waves detection over the long term, the EPTA collaboration is sharing data to optimize timing on
different individual pulsars. We present some recent binary pulsars results of combining datasets from the four telescopes now in
use for the EPTA.
09:10
J04.8 STATUS REPORT ON THE NEW ALLEN TELESCOPE ARRAY
W. J. Welch, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
The Allen Telescope Array was dedicated on October 11, 2007 at HCRO in Northern California. This is the first LNSD array
constructed from a large number of small dishes. The array highlights both innovative design and use of COTS technologies to
minimize overall costs. This talk will present the operational parameters that have actually been achieved by the ATA. The small
dishes provide a huge field of view (FWHM = 3.5 degrees/ nu in GHz); the receiver provides instantaneous frequency coverage from
500 MHz to 11 GHz; four frequency channels allow independent observations making the ATA a superb survey facility.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
J04.9 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CANADA
G. Hovey, National Research Council Canada, Penticton, BC, Canada
National Research Council Canada participates in diverse radio astronomy projects through it's Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics
(NRC-HIA). NRC-HIA operates the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory as a national facility, and performs innovative
research and development in instrumentation. Recent achievements include: Band 3 receiver cartridges for ALMA; WIDAR
correlator for EVLA; and ACSIS correlator for JCMT. As part of the international effort towards the Square Kilometre Array (SKA),
NRC-HIA is now working with North American, European, and Australian groups to explore composite reflector antennas, phasedarray feeds, and low-noise amplifiers to satisfy the SKA's demanding specifications.
09:50
J04.10 RADIO ASTRONOMY AT TIDBINBILLA
S. Horiuchi, G. Baines, L. Cameron, Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex /Raytheon Australia,
Tuggeranong, ACT, Australia; D. Jauncey, CSIRO, Epping, NSW, Australia
The Tidbinbilla antennas are operated by the CDSCC, part of NASA/DSN. A fraction of the time on the Tidbinbilla DSS-43 70m and
DSS-34/45 34m antennas is available to the astronomical community through ATNF/CSIRO. Since January 2003, the ATFN has
accepted applications for service observations with the 70m using K-band receivers. Single-dish applications for the DSS-34 34m
antenna using Ka-band receiver have been accepted since 2007April. The Tidbinbilla antennas are also used with the Australian
Long Baseline Array and other radio telescopes, for VLBI at L, S, X, and K-bands.
10:00
J04.11 COMMUNICATIONS, RADIO ASTRONOMY AND SCIENCE MUSEUM
J. A. Dalmau, J. K. Ishitsuka, E. D. Vidal, J. Espinoza, Instituto Geofisico del Peru, Lima, Peru
The newly Sicaya Astronomical Radio Observatory was an INTELSAT station. Now it was transformed into a Radio Observatory
that belongs to Geophysical Institute of Peru (IGP), Carnegie Institution of Washington established Huancayo Observatory of IGP in
1918 and almost 90 years of scientific work have been done. Several old and important scientific instruments are not used anymore
but will be displayed at the newly Communications, Radio Astronomy and Science Museum. Will be an excellent mean to improve
education for people to learn about history of Peruvian telecommunications, science and also recent research in radio astronomy in
Peru.
10:10
J04.12 RECENT TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS AT THE ARIZONA RADIO OBSERVATORY
R. W. Freund, L. M. Ziurys, E. F. Lauria, G. P. Reiland, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
The Arizona Radio Observatory of Steward Observatory operates two facilities, the Sub-Millimeter Telescope on Mt. Graham, and
the 12-Meter Telescope on Kitt Peak. SIS receivers at these two facilities currently cover the atmospheric windows between 65-380
GHz and 650-750 GHz. Several of these radiometers now employ broad-band, high sensitivity dual polarization sideband-separating
mixers. These new developments and current scientific results will be described.
136
10:20
J04.13 PRIORITIES AND PROGRESS AT THE NAIC/ARECIBO OBSERVATORY
R. L. Brown, National Astronomy & Ionosphere Center, Ithaca, NY, United States
The recommendations of the 2006 NSF Astronomy Division Senior Review led to substantial reductions in the operating budget for
the Arecibo Observatory, the consequences of which are significant changes in the operating model for the Observatory. Most
notably, the operating programs at the Observatory are now done under partnership arrangements with many supporting institutions.
The educational/outreach mission of the Observatory has been greatly expanded. At the same time, the astronomy program
scientific priorities have been redefined to concentrate on survey science, a change that has led to new science opportunities that
are defining the future of the Arecibo Observatory.
10:30
J04.14 RADIO ASTRONOMY IN NEW ZEALAND: COOPERATION, SCIENCE, AND THE ROADMAP TOWARDS THE
SKA
S. Gulyaev, T. Natusch, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
A science case for New Zealand radio telescope national facility is presented, which outlines current development of radio
astronomy in NZ and the NZ roadmap towards the SKA. The first NZ radio telescope has been tested and commissioned in
Warkworth near Auckland. It will be used for astronomical and geodetic research, mainly as a part of trans-Tasman and international
VLBI networks (including IVS). Kiwi Advanced Research and Education Network (KAREN) is capable of providing broadband
connectivity; tests for eVLBI capability were conducted with a positive outcome.
10:40
J04.15 ATNF, CSIRO OBSERVATORIES REPORT, 2005-2008
A. Tzioumis, ATNF, CSIRO, Epping NSW, Australia
A report will be presented on activities and significant events during the last triennium (2005-2008), for all observatories operated
under the Australia Telescope National Facility (ATNF). These include the Parkes and Mopra telescopes, the Australia Telescope
Compact Array (ATCA), the Long baseline Array (LBA) and developments on the new Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP).
10:50
J04.16 OBSERVATORY REPORT FROM THE GMRT
Y. Gupta, National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
The GMRT, in the last few years, has produced many new and exciting science results. Several improvements to various
subsystems have also been carried out, which have resulted in improved and more stable performance of the telescope.
Furthermore, plans have been initiated for a major upgrade of the GMRT in the next few years. All these aspects will be covered in
the observatory report from the GMRT.
11:00
J04.17 HARTEBEESTHOEK RADIO ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORY
R. S. Booth, Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory, Krugersdorp, South Africa
HartRAO is part of the South African SKA pathfinder, MeerKAT . A 15m prototype antenna, with a moulded composite reflector, is
under test at the observatory. Its rms surface accuracy of 1.5 mm rms over the inner 12m. It may be controlled remotely from the
SKA base in Cape Town. The 26m antenna continues to perform VLBI (Astro+Geo) and single dish monitoring of masers, pulsars
and continuum sources. New reflector panels render 22 GHz observations possible. Computer control of focus and tilt of the
subreflector permit automatic adjustment to maximise efficiency as a given receiver is selected for observing.
11:10
J04.18 OBSERVATORY REPORT TO THE XXIXTH URSI GENERAL ASSEMBLY, THE NATIONAL RADIO
OBSERVATORY
F. K. Y. Lo, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA, United States
The NRAO continues to adapt to a vastly increased scope, especially its simultaneous construction of EVLA and the international
ALMA projects. As the GBT comes into full operation, and the VLBA is upgraded for improved sensitivity, the VLA continues to be
scientifically very productive, even as it transitions to the EVLA. A broad range of science objectives and user applications is
envisioned for NRAO facilities, especially as ALMA and EVLA come on line after 2012. As these projects enter the production phase,
more research and development efforts will tackle the challenges of next generation facilities, such as the SKA.
11:20
End of the Session
137
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF EMF: MOLECULAR, CELLULAR, ANIMAL
Session Chair: Jitendra Behari
Session
K02b
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus KL
08:00
K02b.1 CHANGES IN BIOCHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS DUE TO ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF
OVARIECTOMIZED RAT BONES
J. Behari, J. Manjhi, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of capacitively coupled electric field on mineralization over collagen fiber
of induced osteoporotic bones. Rats were ovariectomized bilaterally to induce the osteoporosis and electric field delivered to one leg
of experimental rats and other leg kept as sham exposed. After 60 days of exposure treatment rats were sacrificed and femur and
tibia bones were harvested for different assay. Our results suggest that pulsed electric field stimulation can reverse the effect of
osteoporosis. It is concluded that capacitive pulsed electric field can improve inorganic, organic and micro structural properties of
bones.
08:20
K02b.2 DNA STRAND BREAKS IN RAT BRAIN CELLS EXPOSED TO LOW LEVEL MICROWAVE RADIATION
J. Behari, R. Paulraj, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
This investigation concerns with the effect of low intensity microwave (2.45 and 16.5 GHz, SAR. 1.0 and 2.01 W/kg respectively)
radiation on rat brain. Wistar rats were exposed for 35 days at the above mentioned frequencies separately. After the exposure
period the whole brain tissue was dissected and used for study of single strand DNA breaks. Single strand DNA breaks were
measured as tail length of comet. This study shows that the chronic exposure to these radiations cause statistically significant
(p<0.001) increase in DNA single strand breaks in brain cells of rat.
08:40
K02b.3 REAL-TIME MEASUREMENT OF CYTOSOLIC FREE CALCIUM CONCENTRATION IN DEM-TREATED HL60 CELLS DURING STATIC MAGNETIC FIELD EXPOSURE AND ACTIVATION BY ATP
1,2
1
1,3,2
1,2 1
C. Rozanski , M. Belton , F. S. Prato , C. J. L. Jeffrey ; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada;
2
3
University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; St. Joseph's Health Care, London, ON, Canada
The purpose of this study was to examine if free radicals influence cytosolic free calcium concentration during static magnetic field
exposure, before and after ATP activation. Cytosolic free calcium concentration was montitored using ratiometric fluorescence
spectroscopy in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Diethyl maleate (DEM) was added to deplete the free radical scavenger Glutathione
(GSH). Calcium conentrations were monitored under conditions of reduced endogenous free radical scavengers and 100 mT static
magnetic field exposure. No effect of a 100 mT static magnetic field was observed on cytosolic free calcium concentration in HL-60
cells.
09:00
K02b.4 ELECTRIC ACTIVITY OF YEAST CELLS IN LOW KHZ REGION
1,2
2
2
3
2 1
M. Cifra , J. Pokorny , F. Jelinek , J. Hasek , J. Simsa ; Czech Technical Univeristy, Prague, Prague, Czech
2
Republic; Institute of Photonics and Electronics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 8, Czech
3
Republic; Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 4, Czech Republic
Postulate of vibrations in the nonlinear electrical polar structures with metabolic energy supply in living cells was formulated by H.
Frőhlich. We measured electric activity of temperature dependent tubulin mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (tub2-401) in the
frequency range 0.4 - 1.6 kHz corresponding to the mechanical oscillation range examined by Pelling et al. The cells synchronized
in the M phase of the cell cycle have higher electric activity than the nonsynchronized cells. The results are consistent with Pohl
measurement of increased electromagnetic activity of yeast cells in the M phase of the cell cycle.
138
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
K02b.5 EFFECT OF WHOLE BODY MAGNETIC FIELD EXPOSURE ON THE SENSORI-MOTOR RECOVERY IN
SPINALISED RATS
1
1
2
1
3
1
1 1
S. Kumar , S. Jain , J. Behari , M. Behari , A. Vallre , A. Gupta , R. Mathur ; All India Institute of Medical Science,
2
3
New Delhi, Delhi, India; Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India; Pavlov Institute of Physiology, St.
Petersburg, Russia
We report the effect of chronic (2h/d x 8 weeks) exposure to MF (50 Hz, 17.9T) on the sensori-motor, autonomic functions recovery
in complete spinal cord (T11) transected rats. Adult male rats were divided into different groups. BBB score, threshold of tail flick
(TTF), tail flick latency (TFL) were noted to assess sensori-motor functions. In MF exposed rats, a statistically significant
improvement was noted in BBB score, TTF and TFL by 2nd, 1st, 5th wk respectively and their survival rate increased. This study
suggests a significant recovery in complete SCI rats by chronic MF exposure.
10:00
K02b.6 EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD EFFECTS ON MICROCIRCULATION AND
CIRCULATION
1,2
2
1,2
1,2 1
J. C. McKay , K. Tyml , F. S. Prato , A. W. Thomas ; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario,
2
Canada; The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
Experiments by our lab indicate that specific pulsed extremely low frequency magnetic field (Cnp-complex neuroelectromagnetic
pulse) exposure is effective in providing analgesia in various species. In this experiment, Cnp and 60Hz sinusoidal (100, 200, 500µT)
effects on blood flow and pressure were investigated in rats using Doppler flowmetry and aortic insertion of a pressure catheter.
Thirty-sixty min of 200µT Cnp exposure on blood flow had no effect; remaining analyses are pending. These findings further
highlight the specificity of the Cnp and contribute to the larger, inconsistent data pool of magnetic field effects on microcirculation.
10:20
K02b.7 EXPERIMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF MOBILE RADIO MODULATED MICROWAVES EXPOSURE EFFECTS
ON HYDROXYL RADICAL PRODUCTION WITHIN HUMAN LEUKOCYTE CELLS
T. Hikage, Y. Kawamura, T. Nojima, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
The purpose of this study is to investigate the non-thermal effects of microwave exposure on biological free-radical production,
especially focusing on mobile radio frequencies. Experiments for the hydroxyl radicals that treat leukocyte cells were performed. In
the experiments, six different sets of exposure conditions were used: continuous wave, GSM basic signal modulation, PDC signal
modulation, and cdma2000 signal modulation. The exposure level was changed from cellular level to high SAR level. The obtained
data was statistically analyzed to see if there was a significant effect on the radical production rates of the cells due to 900 MHz
microwave.
10:40
K02b.8 MICROWAVE IRRADIATION ENHANCES PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY OF CYTOCHROME C
1,2
1 1
G. G. Borisenko , K. D. Kazarinov ; Research Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of the
2
Russian Academy of Science, Moscow region, Russian Federation; Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Medicine,
Moscow, Russian Federation
Apoptosis, a programmed cell death, plays an essential role in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis and various
pathological conditions including inflammation and ischemia. Cytochrome c-driven cardiolipin (CL) oxidation in mitochondria
membrane appears to be one of the key events at the initial stage of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Here, by using model
system of cytochrome c (cyt c) and phospholipid membranes we demonstrated that microwave irradiation can stimulate cyt cdependent oxidation of substrates in the water and membranes. Our results suggest that microwave irradiation may elevate
sensitivity of cells to apoptotic stimuli.
11:00
K02b.9 REVIEW OF EXPOSURE SETUPS FOR BIOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTS IN THE RADIOFREQUENCY RANGE:
SPECIFICATIONS AND EMERGING TRENDS
1
2
1
1
2
1 1
A. Paffi , R. Pinto , M. Liberti , F. Apollonio , G. A. Lovisolo , G. d'Inzeo ; Inter-University Center of
2
Electromagnetic Fields and Biosystems (ICEmB), Rome, Italy; Section of Toxicology and biomedical sciences, Rome,
Italy
Concern on possible hazardous effects on human health of electromagnetic fields has led to the development of biological
investigations, both in vitro and in vivo, under exposure conditions. In this work, most of the available exposure systems in the
radiofrequency range have been reviewed and classified on the basis of the reference electromagnetic structure and the kind of
investigation they have been designed for. General features of more common structures have been discussed. Moreover, besides
basic requirements for the exposure systems, specifications rising from emerging trends of in vivo and in vitro biological
investigations have been pointed out.
11:20
K02b.10 EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELDS ENHANCE CYTOKINE-MEDIATED BETA-CELL
DYSFUNCTION
T. Sakurai, T. Kiyokawa, J. Miyakoshi, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
To evaluate the effects of exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELFMF) on cytokine-mediated dysfunction of insulinsecreting cells, we stimulated RINm5F cells with interleukin-1β (50 units/mL) and interferon-γ (100 units/mL) under exposure to
ELFMF at 1 or 5 mT. Three days of continuous exposure at 5 mT enhanced cell dysfunction, as evaluated by WST-1 cell
proliferation assay, and insulin content. It suggests that exposure to ELFMF enhances cytokine-mediated β-cell dysfunction by
decreasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes.
139
11:40
K02b.11 QUANTIFICATION OF ELECTRIC-FIELD-INDUCED MOLECULAR UPTAKE KINETICS IN HUMAN
LEUKEMIA CELLS AND THE REGULATORY INFLUENCE OF ELECTRIC FIELD HETEROGENEITY
S. M. Kennedy, Z. Ji, J. C. Hedstrom, J. H. Booske, S. C. Hagness, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,
United States
We have quantitatively characterized uptake kinetics of a fluorescent plasma-membrane integrity indicator in human leukemia cells
resulting from 40 microsecond pulsed electric field (PEF) exposure. Analysis of experimental data identified two distinctive molecular
uptake signatures which were indicative of the duration of electric-field-induced plasma membrane permeability and dependent on
PEF intensity. These data were used to delineate a range of PEF intensities appropriate for drug delivery and to determine the
amount of molecular uptake per cell induced within that range. Electric field heterogeneity was successfully used to spatially
regulate molecular delivery within a suspended leukemia culture.
12:00
End of the Session
140
TUTORIAL A: FROM NANOSCIENCE TO NANOMETROLOGY AND ITS IMPACT ON ELECTRICAL METROLOGY
Session Chair: P BANERJEE
Session
AT
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus IJ
13:40
AT.1 FROM NANOSCIENCE TO NANOMETROLOGY AND ITS IMPACT ON ELECTRICAL METROLOGY
J.-T. Janssen, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, United Kingdom
Metrology is often the first application of novel new science. For example the discovery of the Josephson effect transformed voltage
metrology and the discovery of laser-cooling did the same for time & frequency metrology. The application of nanotechnology to
electrical metrology has been going on for several decades. First there was the quantum Hall effect discovered in semiconductor
heterostructures and now a lot of research is underway to harness single electron transport in nanoscale devices. Beyond this one
can envision small portable quantum standards based on nanoscience which could bring un-paralleled accuracy outside the
traditional specialised laboratories.
14:40
End of the Session
141
MEASUREMENT METHODS AND MODEL EXTRACTIONS FOR WIRELESS SYSTEMS I
Session Chairs: Reiner Thomae, Michael Jensen
Session
ACa
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus IJ
14:40
ACa.1 DEVELOPMENT OF REAL-TIME PROPAGATION MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC TOLL
COLLECTING (ETC) SYSTEM
M. Kim, J.-I. Takada, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan; T. Ando, R. Soma, Nippon Expressway Research
Institute Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
In the early deployment of electric toll collecting (ETC) system, multipath interference has caused the malfunction of the system.
Therefore, radio absorbers are installed in the toll gate to suppress the scattering. This paper presents a novel radio propagation
measurement system to identify the individual scattering object and the power intensity of the ETC gate in real time.
15:00
ACa.2 A DYNAMIC MULTI-LINK MIMO MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR 5.3 GHZ
1
2
2
2
1,3
2
2
1
P. Almers , K. Haneda , J. Koivunen , V.-M. Kolmonen , A. F. Molisch , A. Richter , J. Salmi , F. Tufvesson ,
2 1
2
3
P. Vainikainen ; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; TKK Helsinki University of Technology, Helsinki, Finland; Mitsubishi
Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, USA
Multi-link MIMO systems, including multi-user MIMO and MIMO with base station cooperation, are essential parts of high-throughput
wireless LANs and fourth-generation cellular systems. In order to fully understand such systems, the dynamic channel
characteristics of multi-link MIMO channels have to be measured. In this paper we present a measurement setup that enables such
measurements and does not suffer from the deficiencies of previous, virtual multi-user setups. We also present sample results from
a measurement campaign with this setup at 5.3 GHz in an indoor office environment.
15:20
ACa.3 A PROPAGATION MEASUREMENT SET-UP FOR MIMO SYSTEM CHANNEL CHARACTERIZATION AND
PRELIMINARY RESULTS
W. J. Turney, L. T. Malek, N. E. Buris, Motorola, Schaumburg, IL, United States
The correct performance assessment and characterization of MIMO systems requires the concurrent consideration of antennas and
the propagation environment to a higher degree than ever before. This paper describes a tethered set-up based on broadband
sweeps by a Vector Network Analyzer and a measurement campaign aiming at the derivation of certain attributes of the propagation
environment. By construction, the in-home and outdoorto-indoor environments are of primary focus for this paper. Preliminary
measurements in an industrial office building confirm previously published cluster models and extend those to include non-horizontal
plane directions of arrival and departure.
15:40
End of the Session
142
STOCHASTIC MODELING AND UNCERTAINTY MANAGEMENT IN ELECTROMAGNETICS
Session Chairs: Wong Man-Fai, Joe Wiart
Session
BKF
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand B
13:40
BKF.1 ANALYSIS OF THE UNCERTAINTY ON THE SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATE USING THE STOCHASTIC
COLLOCATION METHOD ASSOCIATED WITH THE FDTD METHOD
1
2
1
1
1
2 1
J. Silly-Carette , D. Lautru , M. F. Wong , A. Gati , J. Wiart , V. Fouad Hanna ; Orange Labs R&D, Issy Moulineaux
2
cedex 9, France; UPMC Univ Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France
This paper presents the analysis of uncertainties on output parameters using a stochastic collocation method based on Lagrange
polynomials. The method is applied to the case of a dipole illuminating a specific anthropomorphic mannequin. The uncertainties on
the geometry dimensions of the model, using different bases of collocation points, like the sparse grid nodes constructed by the
Smolyak algorithm or the tensor product of one-dimensional nodal sets, are studied. The Finite Difference Time Domain method is
used to evaluate quantities such as absorbed power. The statistics of theses quantities are efficiently obtained through the
stochastic expansion of the field
14:00
BKF.2 NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE HANDSET/PHANTOM POSITIONING ERROR
ON SAR CALCULATIONS
V. Monebhurrun, SUPELEC, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; M.-F. Wong, J. Wiart, France Telecom R&D, Issy-LesMoulineaux, France
Mobile phone dosimetric conformity assessment is performed by applying measurement procedures established by international
standardization committees. Numerical dosimetry was essentially focused on head models but the ever increasing computing
capability has now paved the way for SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) calculations using CAD (Computer Aided Design) phone
models. A key issue in numerical dosimetry is the evaluation of the uncertainty associated to a given SAR calculation. A
reconstructed commercial mobile phone model with a built-in antenna is herein employed to evaluate the uncertainty due to the
positioning of the handset with respect to the phantom.
14:20
BKF.3 USE OF GENERALIZED EXTREME VALUE DISTRIBUTION TO MODEL THE MAXIMUMS OF THE FIELD
INSIDE A REVERBERATION CHAMBER
G. Orjubin, Universite Francaise d Egypte, Cairo, Egypt; M.-F. Wong, France Telecom R&D, Issy les Moulineaux,
France
The Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution is used to model the electric field inside a Reverberation Chamber (RC). GEV
distribution is particularly indicated for this application where the maximums of the field are studied, as it specifies the theoretical
distribution of the maximums according to the Fisher-Tippett theorem. In a first part of this paper we present the Fisher-Tippett
theorem and the GEV distribution. Then the three parameters of the GEV distribution are estimated from measured maximum
values of the field in a small RC equipped with two stirrers.
14:40
BKF.4 PROBABILISTIC STUDY OF FULLY STOCHASTIC ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTIONS: COUPLING
BETWEEN A STOCHASTIC PEC PLATE AND A STOCHASTIC INCIDENT PLANE WAVE
O. O. Sy, M. V. Beurden, A. Tijhuis, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands; B. Michielsen,
ONERA, Toulouse, France
Uncertainties affecting electromagnetic interactions can alter the accuracy of simulation models. In scattering problems, these
uncertainties can concern both the incident field and the geometry of the scattering object. A stochastic method is proposed to
measure these uncertainties in scattering problems modeled by integral equations. The first statistical moments of the interaction
output parameters are efficiently computed by quadrature, and then post-processed by using probability theory. This approach is
illustrated through the study of the voltage induced on an elementary dipole by a stochastic plane wave, in presence of a randomly
varying PEC plate.
143
15:00
BKF.5 STATISTICAL ANTENNA MODELLING
A. Sibille, ENSTA-ParisTech, Paris, France
The present work is a concept paper, addressing the non traditional idea that antenna properties embedded in their device casing
and under the perturbing influence of close objects or bodies, may be statistically described. The benefit of this approach is similar
to other statistical descriptions of the radio link such as the radio channel, intending to provide a more realistic description of the
antenna part of this channel. Statistical antenna models might be included in standards, or in radio system simulators. The paper
tackles a few possible methods, which could be tried towards the definition of such models.
15:20
BKF.6 EFFECTS OF SEA CLUTTER ON ATMOSPHERIC REFRACTIVITY ESTIMATION
C. Yardim, P. Gerstoft, W. S. Hodgkiss, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
This paper addresses the effects of sea clutter on the clutter-based atmospheric refractivity estimation techniques. It provides a
mean square error (MSE) metric for refractivity estimators based on the available clutter-to-noise (CNR) ratio, the type of the sea
clutter statistics (Rayleigh, K-distributed and log-normal) and the parameters forming these probability density functions (pdf) such
as spikiness and mean-to-median ratios. It includes a discussion about the selection of appropriate statistics for refractivity
estimation with very low grazing angles and low resolutions. The performance of an evaporation duct height estimator is provided as
an example.
15:40
End of the Session
144
ULTRAWIDEBAND SYSTEMS II
Session Chairs: Lutz Lampe, Dennis Goeckel
Session
C05b
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus GH
13:40
C05b.1 ACCURACY ENHANCEMENT OF UWB INDOOR LOCALIZATION SYSTEM VIA ARRANGEMENT OF BASE
STATIONS
C. Zhang, M. Kuhn, B. Merkl, A. E. Fathy, M. Mahfouz, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
An ultra wideband (UWB) 3D positioning radar system with mm-range accuracy has been developed. The accuracy can be further
improved by increasing the number of base station. The space distribution of the base stations will greatly affect the accuracy of the
localization system. In this paper, accuracy enhancement for 3D indoor localization has been demonstrated with the use of 4, 5, and
6 base stations. Different arrangements of 4 base station locations has also been studied. We conclude that adding more base
stations and spherically locating them around the tag under test will provide the best 3D localization accuracy.
14:00
C05b.2 A SPARSE ESTIMATION TECHNIQUE FOR NEAR FIELD UWB TARGET DETECTION IN MEDICAL
IMAGING
Ultra-wideband (UWB) sensing has been proposed for performing medical monitoring and imaging tasks safely and unobtrusively.
For optimal power collection and resolution considerations, it is advantageous for the subject to be in the near field of the UWB
elements. The performance of a number of existing methods is studied and it is found that the resolution is poor for realistic array
sizes and bandwidths (3 GHz). A sparse method based on linear programming is proposed that fits the response to a parametric
model in an l1-norm sense. The method accurately identifies up to 10 targets with good resolution.
14:20
C05b.3 DEVELOPMENT OF ULTRA-WIDEBAND (UWB) FILTERS
S. Huang, Y. H. Lee, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
In this paper, the development of UWB bandpass filters in the past three years are reviewed. It provides a useful summary in filter
designs for UWB technology. For future development and research in this area, miniaturization of UWB filters is important for the
application in hand-held devices. A system integrating both filters and antennas in UWB frequency range is very attractive to
wireless communications using signals in this frequency band.
14:40
C05b.4 GENERATION OF ULTRA-WIDEBAND CHAOTIC PULSES BY MEANS OF PARAMETER MODULATION OF
CHAOTIC OSCILLATOR
N. V. Atanov, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation; A. S. Dmitriev,
E. V. Efremova, L. V. Kuzmin, Institute of Radio-engineering and Electronics of RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
In this report we demonstrate a possibility of generating chaotic pulses by means of parameter modulation of chaotic oscillator.
Chaotic oscillator with 2.5 degrees of freedom and transistor as an active element is taken as a model. It is shown that periodic
stimulation of such system allows to generate chaotic pulse stream, the duration of chaotic pulses and their duty cycle can be widely
varied by suitable choice of frequency of exciting force and bias voltage.
15:00
C05b.5 GENERATION OF ULTRAWIDEBAND MICROWAVE CHAOTIC OSCILLATIONS BY RING-STRUCTURE
OSCILLATION SYSTEM COMPOSED OF MICROCHIP AMPLIFIERS
A. Y. Nickishov, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, Russian
Federation; A. I. Panas, Institute of Radio-Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Fryazino,
Moscow Region, Russian Federation
In the report, a ring-structure oscillation system composed of microchip amplifiers and capable of generating ultrawideband
microwave chaotic signal in 3 - 5 GHz band is considered, basic oscillation mode dynamics of output signal is described, the fact of
the chaotic generation is shown, experimental generator testbeds based on lumped elements are presented. A conclusion is drawn
that chaotic oscillations are excited on the basis of mechanism of two-frequency oscillation mode destruction. The described
generator can be used as a compact device for generation of ultrawideband microwave chaotic signal.
15:20
End of the Session
145
MEMS AND NEMS COMPONENTS
Session Chairs: Roberto Sorrentino, Fabio Coccetti
Session
D09
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus AB
13:40
D09.1 RF MEMS: AN ENABLING TECHNOLOGY FOR RECONFIGURABLE RADIO FRONT ENDS
H. A. C. Tilmans, IMEC, Leuven, Belgium
Future handheld wireless communication devices are becoming complex multi-band multi-standard radios, capable of operating in
global cellular standards (like GSM), and in others like GPS, DVB, WLAN and WiMax. To satisfy the constraints on size, battery life,
functionality and cost, the radio front-end must be made reconfigurable. RF-MEMS is here discussed as a key enabling technology
for reconfigurable radios.
14:00
D09.2 RF MEMS SWITCHES AND SWITCH MATRICES
R. R. Mansour, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont, Canada
The RF-MEMS technology has the potential of replacing many of the mechanical and semiconductor switches used in mobile and
satellite communication systems. In many cases, such RF-MEMS switches would not only reduce substantially the size and power
consumption, but also promise superior performance. The paper reviews the recent development of RF MEMS switches and switch
matrices. Several configurations are presented for multi-port RF-MEMS switches including C-Type, R-Type and T-type switches.
High power miniature MEMS coaxial-based switches are presented. The paper also addresses the design and fabrication of
monolithic RF-MEMS switch matrices.
14:20
D09.3 RF-MEMS AND RF-MST FOR ADVANCED COMMUNICATION IN EUROPE
F. Coccetti, LAAS/CNR4S, Toulouse, France; R. Sorrentino, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
Nowadays growing demand of increasingly performing wireless systems is hampered by the inherent limitations of conventional
components. Based on the Micro Systems Technology and fabricated using semiconductor micromachining techniques, RF-MEMS
promise to overcome these limitations and to add new functionalities. Although superior performances have already been
demonstrated, research efforts are still required to reach technology maturity. These efforts are presently been tackled in Europe by
several and ambitious R&D programs. An overview the relevant underlying challenges, along with the envisioned roadmap toward
RF-MST integration of future advanced RF-frontends and transceivers will be here given.
14:40
D09.4 FROM MEMS TO NEMS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
A. M. Ionescu, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland,
Focus on micro- and nano-electronic devices aimed at Integrated Circuit design, especially process development, modeling and
electrical characterization. Various subjects in the field of silicon micro/nano-electronics with special emphasis on Beyond-CMOS
nanoscale solid-state devices and their applications and RF MEMS/NEMS for in- and above-IC integration will be covered.
15:00
D09.5 ON NANOELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS (NEMS)
H. J. De Los Santos, NanoMEMS Research, LLC, Irvine, United States
Nanoelectromechanical Systems (NEMS) technology exploits progress in the fabrication of electronic and mechanical devices at the
nanoscale. This convergence enables the possibility of engineering novel microwave devices, circuits and systems that, on the one
hand, go beyond the achievements of Radio-Frequency Microelectromechanical Systems (RF MEMS) and, on the other, opens up
new possibilities for hardware implementation. For example, NEMS in communications systems draws from technologies such as
carbon nanotubes which, among other things, have the potential to enable transistors operating up to THz frequencies. This talk will
address the elements and potential applications of NEMS in microwave communication systems.
15:20
D09.6 ANALYTICAL MODELING OF HIGHLY LOADED EVANESCENT-MODE CAVITY RESONATORS FOR WIDELY
TUNABLE HIGH-Q FILTER APPLICATIONS
H. Joshi, H. H. Sigmarsson, W. J. Chappell, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
In the present work, the frequency and quality factor variation of an evanescent-mode cavity resonator are predicted using analytical
expressions, which give design variables for these structures. Two widely tunable narrowband evanescent-mode bandpass filters
having 2.5% and 0.58% bandwidths are demonstrated, tuning from 2.7 to 4 GHz and 3 to 6 GHz respectively. A low loss flexible
substrate forms the top of the filter, acting as a deformable membrane that allows variable frequency loading. The high-Q and the
sensitive tuning combine to allow for high quality preselect filtering for a front-end receiver.
15:40
End of the Session
146
ELECTROMAGNETIC NOISE AND INTERFERENCE CONTROL
Session Chairs: Alexander van Deursen, Ferran Silva
Session
E03
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus CD
13:40
E03.1 SHIELDING AND DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF FERROMAGNETIC CONDUCTING POLYANILINE/PVA
FILM IN 12.4-18 GHZ
K. Singh, A. Ohlan, S. K. Dhawan, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, New Delhi, India; A. K. Bakhshi,
University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
The present research work deals with the dielectric properties of polyaniline nano ferrite composites prepared using chemical
oxidative polymerization. The resulting composite possesses the conductivity of 2.5 S/cm and saturation magnetization of 45emu/g.
The comparative studies of microwave absorption of ferromagnetic conducting polyaniline composite were carried out by casting in
film in poly (vinyl alcohol). The effects of the weight fraction of PANI-Fe2O3 composite on the frequency dispersion characteristics of
the complex permittivity and the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of conducting polyaniline PANI-Fe2O3
composites was studied in the range of 12.4 to 18 GHz
14:00
E03.2 MICROWAVE ABSORPTION STUDIES ON COBALT IRON NANO-ALLOYS
V. Kumar, R. P. Pant, A. Rana, V. Kumar, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
Cobalt iron (CoFe2) nano-alloy have been synthesized and studied for microwave absorption in the Ku band (12.4-18 GHz) region.
Prepared material was analyzed for crystalline phase, crystallite size, particle size, magnetization and conductivity measurement
relevance to microwave absorption. The microwave absorption studies of material have been done using vector network analyzer.
Electromagnetic parameters like dielectric constant, magnetic permeability and reflection, transmission and absorption losses by the
sample were obtained for 1.75mm thick sheet. Results reveal the absorption loss of ~65dB with reflectance loss less then 1dB and
almost zero transmittance in the measured frequency range.
14:20
E03.3 IMPULSIVE NOISE ENVIRONMENT OF HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION SUBSTATIONS
AND ITS IMPACT OF THE PERFORMANCE OF ZIGBEE
1
1
1
2
1
3
4 1
Q. Shan , I. A. Glover , P. J. Moore , I. E. Portugues , M. Judd , R. Rutherford , R. J. Watson ; University of
2
3
Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Elimpus Ltd, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Scottish Power, Glasgow, United
4
Kingdom; University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
A measurement system for the characterisation of impulsive noise at frequencies above 700MHz is presented. The system consists
of a pair of ultra-wideband TEM horn antennas, digital storage oscilloscope and external hard disk. The particular application of
interest is the recording of partial discharge and radiation arising from switching/fault transients in high-voltage electricity
transmission substations. A preliminary assessment of the impact of such substation noise on the performance of ZigBee equipment
is also described. The results, based on more than 200MB of transmitted data, suggest that the substation electromagnetic
environment has no significant adverse impact on performance.
14:40
E03.4 INFLUENCE OF THE DEFECT VALUE PARAMETER ON ACCURACY OF BREAKDOWN THERMAL MODELS
FOR ICS UNDER HEMP ACTION
V. I. Zhuravliov, V. F. Alexeev, Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, Minsk, Belarus
The way of increase of breakdown forecasting thermal model adequacy for integrated circuits under action of powerful
electromagnetic influences by variation of model parameter “defect value” is considered. It is shown, that it is optimal to change this
parameter simultaneously with variation of critical temperature parameter in view of the thermal conductivity mechanism.
15:00
E03.5 SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS FORMULATION BASED ON NONUNIFORM TRANSMISSION LINE THEORY
AND ITS APPLICATION
D. Shi, Y. Shen, Y. Gao, Beijng University of posts & telecommunications, Beijing, China (CIE)
A universal analytical formula for shielding effectiveness calculation of infinite multilayer planar shield is obtained. It improves
Schelkunoff shielding theory and utilizes network parameter of nonuniform transmission line to analyze shielding effectiveness.
Owing to discontinuity of nonuniform transmission line, it is suitable to model multilayer shield regardless of reflection between slabs
and convenient to take material characteristic into account. It has advantage in analyzing shield made from thin films and enhancing
calculation efficiency. The model was validated by comparison with other methods. The formula can be used to analyze wave
transmission in multilayer medium, such as soil, atmosphere, and seawater.
147
15:20
E03.6 EVALUATION OF MULTIPATH EFFECTS ON INTERFERENCE CANCELLATION IN GNSS USING SPACETIME BASED ARRAY PROCESSING
P. Xia, M. Ghogho, School of EEE, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
Space-time adaptive processing is a powerful tool for interference rejection. However, its performance may significantly degrade in
the presence of multipath. Due to the coherence between the multipath of the interference, adaptive methods are not able to
satisfactorily remove the interference. In this paper, we present a simulation study to quantify the degradation of a common adaptive
method in different multipath scenarios. Both spread-spectrum and narrowband interference sources are considered. Particularly,
performance analyses versus the angular and delay separations between the line of sight and multipath components of the
interference are investigated. Insightful conclusions are drawn.
15:40
End of the Session
148
SUB-MILLIMETRIC AND TERAHERTZ PROPAGATION
Session Chairs: Stanislav Zvanovec, Milos Mazanek
Session
F06
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus EF
13:40
F06.1 OVERVIEW OF CHALLENGES IN CHANNEL AND PROPAGATION CHARACTERIZATION BEYOND 100 GHZ
FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
R. Piesiewicz, M. Jacob, T. Kuerner, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
This paper presents an overview of characterization aspects associated with the channel and propagation investigations in the
frequency range between 100 GHz and 1000 GHz for future wireless multi-gigabit communication systems. While reviewing the
state of the art, it summarizes key achievements and highlights possible further research directions together with their challenges.
14:00
F06.2 HIGHER MODES OF SUB-MILLIMETRIC FABRY-PEROT RESONATOR
P. Piksa, S. Zvanovec, P. Pechac, M. Mazanek, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
The atmospheric attenuation is very often neglected within propagation of electromagnetic waves at lower frequencies but it has
significant effects on millimeter, sub-millimeter and terahertz links. Based on a previous measurement campaign, this paper
presents results from simulation of the Fabry-Perot resonator utilized for the gas attenuation measurements. The gas attenuation
has proved to be highly influenced by higher modes arising from the resonator cavity. Their dependence on particular measurement
deployment is analyzed in the paper.
14:20
F06.3 LABORATORY SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENT OF WATER VAPOR FOR THE TERAHERTZ-WAVE
PROPAGATION MODEL
T. Seta, J. Mendrok, Y. Kasai, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Koganei,
Tokyo, Japan
Terahertz-wave propagation models have still large uncertainties. One reason is the lack of the spectroscopic parameters of water
vapor in terahertz region. We have measured air-broadened coefficients of water vapor in the range of 0.5 to 5 THz using terahertz
time-domain spectroscopy and Fourier transform spectroscopy. Values were newly measured for 41 lines. We have also carried out
radiative transfer calculations to demonstrate the changes in wave propagation modeling due to newly measured pressure
broadening parameters. We found atmospheric H2O absorption coefficients calculated using the newly measured values
significantly differ from those based on HITRAN.
14:40
F06.4 ULTRA WIDEBAND INDOOR RADIO PROPAGATION CHANNEL ANALYSIS USING A 3-D BEAM TRACING
METHOD - PRELIMINARY RESULTS
F. J. B. Barros, E. P. O. Costa, G. L. Siqueira, Pontifcia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
This paper presents the results from an ultra wideband (UWB) indoor measurement campaign and describes a 3D beam trace
pyramidal method that allows one to characterize the channel over a bandwidth of 850 MHz. The UWB channel characteristics are
assessed in terms of mean delay, delay spread and coherence bandwidth.
15:00
F06.5 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ATMOSPHERIC VISIBILITY AND OPTICAL WAVE ATTENUATION FOR FREESPACE OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS
M. Grabner, V. Kvicera, TESTCOM, Prague, Czech Republic
Optical wave attenuation due to low atmospheric visibility conditions causes a performance degradation of free-space optical (FSO)
communication systems. Both visibility and attenuation are measured on a 100-meter long experimental free space optical link
operating with a wavelength of 830 nm. Meteorological conditions causing particular attenuation events are identified. Available
models of the relation between atmospheric visibility and optical attenuation are compared with the measured data. It is shown that
classical models widely used in the FSO community still underestimate optical attenuation at medium and low visibility conditions.
15:20
End of the Session
149
ASSIMILATION AND IMAGING OF THE IONOSPHERE AND PLASMASPHERE II
Session Chairs: G Bust, Norbert Jakowski, M Codrescu
Session
G04b
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand E
13:40
G04b.1 3D TOMOGRAPHY OF THE EARTH'S PLASMASPHERE USING TEC FROM LEO SATELLITES
1
2
2
1
3
4 1
D. A. Galvan , Y. Yang , C. Wang , M. B. Moldwin , B. A. Iijima , P. A. Webb ; University of California, Los Angeles,
2
3
Los Angeles, CA, United States; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; NASA Jet
4
Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United
States
We use 3-dimensional tomographic data inversion techniques to estimate electron densities in the Earth's plasmasphere using GPS
total electron content (TEC) measurements from low-Earth orbiting (LEO) satellites. Specifically, we use the Webb and Essex (2004)
model to initialize our inversion of upward-looking TEC from the receiver onboard the Jason1 satellite. We compare the integrated
TEC through the model to measured TEC to estimate representation error, and we use estimated vertical density profiles to
parameterize and constrain our inversion. These exercises represent first steps toward producing 3D images of the plasmasphere's
electron density structure.
14:00
G04b.2 MAPPING TECHNIQUE FOR THE USTEC-DERIVED FIELD OF VELOCITY OF TEC REDISTRIBUTION
1
1,2
3
1 1
E. Afraimovich , E. Astafyeva , I. Zhivetiev , I. Edemsky ; Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, Irkutsk,
2
3
Russian Federation; Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Radiowave
Propagation, FEB RAS, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, Russian Federation
We proposed a method for calculation of regional maps of velocities of total electron content isolines movement (TECIM) using
USTEC maps with high temporal and spatial resolution. Use of our method allows us to obtain additional information about the
ionosphere plasma redistribution. Thus, at the main phase of geomagnetic storm on 8 November 2004 (Kp = 9), during local
nighttime a large-scale ionization redistribution, the velocity of TECIM reached 1000 m/s. On the contrary, at the same time interval
on geomagnetically quiet day on 15 November 2004 (Kp = 1), the velocity of TECIM did not exceed 100 m/s.
14:20
G04b.3 GLOBAL ASSIMILATIVE IONOSPHERIC MODELING AND THE TINY IONOSPHERIC PHOTOMETER ON
THE COSMIC CONSTELLATION
C. Coker, K. F. Dymond, S. A. Budzien, D. Chua, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States; X. Pi,
A. Komjathy, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States; G. S. Bust, Atmospheric & Space Technology
Research Associates, San Antonio, TX, United States
With the launch of the COSMIC constellation in 2006, research has begun on assimilating GPS radio occultations into ionospheric
models. These space-based observations provide global coverage and promise to improve ionospheric specification in both a
vertical and horizontal sense. We present a comparison of COSMIC Tiny Ionospheric Photometer (TIP) data with models which
employ global assimilation of ionospheric measurements. Comparison with TIP reveals the horizontal performance of these models
and demonstrates the improvement obtained from ingesting radio occultation data.
14:40
G04b.4 TOMOGRAPHY-MODEL COUPLING TO STUDY AN IONOSPHERIC STORM
C. N. Mitchell, N. D. Smith, D. Pokhotelov, C. J. Budd, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
Physical models may provide information about drivers in the ionosphere. However, there is often ambiguity in determining the
driver unambiguously for a given situation. Here tomographic images are used to constrain the physical model. This presentation
will describe some of our recent work in optimizing key input variables for two different ionospheric models. The optimization aims to
match each model against a tomographic reconstruction for a strong geomagnetic storm. Thus we aim to understand more about
the processes at work in the ionosphere during major disturbances. Results indicate a strong electric-field driver over North America
during several storm events.
150
15:00
G04b.5 NONLINEAR IONOSPHERIC REMOVAL OF BROADBAND SATELLITE DATA USING FORTE
S. Close, LANL, Los Alamos, NM, United States; G. Bust, ASTRA, San Antonio, TX, United States; A. Jacobson,
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
We present results of nonlinear ionospheric removal algorithms applied to broadband (time delay versus frequency) data obtained
from the FORTE satellite. Preliminary results will be presented for two separate non-linear techniques. In the fist technique, the
Appleton-Hartree equation is used directly in a non-linear inversion scheme similar to Levenburg-Marquardt, and the profile along
the path is retrieved. The second scheme makes use of the ionospheric imaging algorithm Ionospheric Data Assimilation FourDimensional (IDA4D). IDA4D will use a 3D raytrace forward model and apply iterative non-linear techniques upon the FORTE
broadband data.
15:20
G04b.6 ESTIMATION OF LOW LATITUDE IONOSPHERIC TEC FROM DUAL FREQUENCY GPS OBSERVATIONS
BY USING ADAPTIVE KALMAN FILTERING TECHNIQUE
1
2
2
1 1
R. Anandraj , M. R. Ananthasayanam , P. R. Mahapatra , P. Soma ; ISTRAC / ISRO, Bangalore, Karnataka, India;
2
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) is one of the most recent innovative applications of GPS for civil aviation where
ionospheric corrections play vital role. In order to have an accurate estimation of ionospheric TEC, the instrumental biases must also
be estimated. Also, best possible results using the Kalman Filter approach can be obtained only when we provide appropriate
values for the initial state, process and measurement noise covariances (P0, Q and R) respectively, which in general may not be
known. This paper describes a heuristic adaptive Kalman Filtering scheme developed to estimate the TEC and the differential
instrumental biases.
15:40
End of the Session
151
DUSTY PLASMAS
Session Chairs: Paul Bernhardt, M. Rosenberg
Session
HG2
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand F
13:40
HG2.1 RADAR BACKSCATTER FROM UNDERDENSE METEORS AND DIFFUSION RATES
1
1
2
1 1
W. Singer , R. Latteck , N. J. Mitchell , J. Fiedler ; Leibniz Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Kuehlungsborn,
2
Germany; University of Bath, Bath, UK
The decay times of radar echoes from underdense meteor trails are determined by ambipolar diffusion between 70 - 95 km. Model
studies about the influence of neutral/positively charged background dust on the ambipolar diffusion indicate that trails of weak
meteors are mostly influenced. Radar observations (69N, 67S, 22S) showed that the decay times of weak echoes are reduced
below 88 km throughout the year. At high latitudes the anomalous effect of increasing diffusion with decreasing altitude was
observed for weak and strong echoes during the appearance of NLC (presence of icy particles in the cold summer mesopause).
14:00
HG2.2 INSTABILITIES IN IONOSPHERIC DUSTY PLASMAS
M. Rosenberg, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
Dust can occur in regions of the ionosphere including polar mesospheric clouds, dusty meteor trails, and gas-dust clouds from
rocket exhaust. Instabilities in ionospheric dusty plasmas may arise due to relative drifts between the charged dust and the
background plasma. Recent work on possible instabilities is discussed. These include an ion-acoustic instability in a dusty meteor
trail [1] and a lower-hybrid instability driven by charged streaming dust from rocket exhaust [2]. [1] M. Rosenberg and R. L. Merlino,
Planet. Space Sci. 55, 1464 (2007). [2] M. Rosenberg and G. Sorasio, J. Spacecr. Rockets 43, 245 (2006).
14:20
HG2.3 THE CHARGED AEROSOL RELEASE EXPERIMENT
P. A. Bernhardt, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States
The radar scatter from dusty plasmas will be studied with the Charged Aerosol Release Experiment (CARE) launched from Wallops
Island, Virginia in Spring of 2009. A dusty plasma will be produced in the ionosphere by releasing an expanding shell with 66kg of
Aluminum Oxide particulates. The expansion velocity of the shell will be 2.5 km/s. Ground radars and optical systems as will as in
situ dust detectors, electric field booms, and a Langmuir probe will diagnose the experiment. Numerical simulations have shown that
several types of fluid and kinetic instabilities will be excited the high speed dust release.
14:40
HG2.4 EARLY TIME EVOLUTION OF ARTIFICIALLY CREATED DUSTY SPACE PLASMAS
W. A. Scales, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
An alternate approach to studying natural dust layers in the earth's mesosphere is to perform active space experiments to create an
artificial dust cloud. This talk will address some of the physical processes expected to be important during the early time phase after
creation of an artificial dust cloud in the ionosphere. A plasma model will be described that may be used for investigating the early
time expansion of artificial dust clouds across the geomagnetic field. This model will then be used to investigate the electrodynamics
and possible plasma irregularity generation mechanisms that lead to radar echoes after creation.
15:00
HG2.5 DUST ACOUSTIC WAVE (DAW) EXPERIMENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
1
2
2
1
1
3 1
R. L. Merlino , R. Fisher , E. Thomas Jr , S.-H. Kim , J. R. Heinrich , M. Rosenberg ; University of Iowa, Iowa City,
2
3
IA, United States; Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States; University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA,
United States
Dust acoustic waves are low frequency compressional disturbances that propagate in dusty plasmas. DAWs can be observed
visually by laser light scattering from the dust particles. They are a ubiquitous feature of dust embedded in gaseous discharge
plasmas where they may be excited spontaneously by an instability or driven by a modulation applied to the discharge current. We
will describe recent work in which the DAW dispersion relation was measured up to 100 Hz and compared with theoretical
predictions of kinetic theory. We will also present preliminary results on the scattering of DAW from objects in the dusty plasma.
152
15:20
HG2.6 ION FOCUSING BEHIND CHARGED OBSTACLES IN A PLASMA FLOW
P. Guio, University College London, London, UK; W. J. Miloch, H. L. Pecseli, J. K. Trulsen, University of Oslo, Oslo,
Norway
The potential and plasma density variations around charged objects in plasma flows is studied. These objects can be charged dust
particles. Two limits are considered, one where the electron-ion temperature ratio is large, Te >> Ti, and one where Te ≈ Ti. The
former limit can be described by a simple model based on geometrical optics, while the latter requires a kinetic model to account for
the effects of ion Landau damping. The results are illustrated by numerical simulations using a Particle-in-Cell code, where the
electrons are treated as an isothermal massless fluid, giving a nonlinear Poisson equation.
15:40
End of the Session
153
LOW FREQUENCY RADIO ASTRONOMY AND THE IONOSPHERE
Session Chairs: Bill Junor, Ger de Bruyn, Pramesh Rao
Session
JG
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand A
13:40
JG.1 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN MID-LATITUDE IONOSPHERIC PHYSICS AND THE ROLE OF A LOW
FREQUENCY ARRAY
M. C. Kelley, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; W. Junor, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos,
NM, United States
Until recently, most ionospheric observations have been made by single instruments along one line-of-sight. This creates ambiguity
in the interpretation. Now, networks of instruments have allowed us to resolve many ionospheric issues. Observations with the VLA
at low frequencies have provided many interesting results but, without complementary observations, their usefulness is limited. We
will review current understanding of mid-latitude ionospheric physics, and discuss ways to explore ionospheric science with the new
generation of low frequency arrays in conjunction with other techniques. We will make recommendations for the synergistic use of
arrays for ionospheric physics and astronomy.
14:00
JG.2 IONOSPHERIC MEASUREMENTS FROM THE VLA LOW-FREQUENCY SKY SURVEY
A. S. Cohen, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States; H. J. A. Rottgering, Leiden University,
Leiden, Netherlands
We present a statistical analysis of the ionospheric calibration of over 500 hours of 74 MHz (4-meter wavelength) observations with
the Very Large Array radio telescope. Specifically, we present the differential refraction of pairs of celestial emitters as a function of
their angular separation. This measurement probes variations in the the total electron content (TEC) gradient to 0.001 TECu/km
accuracy over spatial scales from under 10km to over 100km. We analyze how median differential refraction changes depending on
time of day and elevation and discuss implications for future long-wavelength telescopes such as LOFAR, LWA and MWA.
14:20
JG.3 INVESTIGATION OF VLSS IONOSPHERIC MEASUREMENTS WITH OTHER IONOSPHERIC
MEASUREMENTS
T. L. Gaussiran, D. C. Munton, M. H. Montgomery, R. S. Calfas, Applied Research Laboratories, The University of
Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States; A. Cohen, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States
It has long been known that the ionosphere corrupts low frequency radio telescope measurements. In this talk we will examine the
measurement of the ionosphere over the Very Large Array (VLA) utilizing the 74 MHz system. We consider data that has been
processed from the VLSS survey and will compare these measurements to other ionospheric measurements. We will also briefly
consider the impact that this will have on future large low frequency radio telescopes including the Long Wavelength Array (LWA).
14:40
JG.4 IONOSPHERIC MODELING FOR CURRENT AND FUTURE RADIO TELESCOPES
J. M. Anderson, Max Planck Institut fuer Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany; T. LIONS Group, LOFAR, Dwingeloo,
Netherlands
Correcting for ionospheric distortions is arguably the most difficult calibration challenge facing low-frequency radio telescopes such
as LOFAR, the LWA, and the SKA. LOFAR must model the ionosphere to 0.001 TECU on small spatial scales over much of the
Europe. Polarization measurements require modeling the electron density and magnetic field to within 0.1 percent of the nominal
ionospheric Faraday rotation value. Using data from existing telescopes and GPS networks we are developing algorithms (for
example, MIM, the minimum ionosphere model) and packages to model the three dimensional ionosphere for upcoming wide-field,
multi-beam instruments.
15:00
JG.5 APPLICATION OF THE IONOSPHERIC TOMOGRAPHIC INVERSION METHOD MIDAS TO RADIO
ASTRONOMY
Z. T. Katamzi, P. Spencer, C. N. Mitchell, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
MIDAS is a research application tool which has been proven to image the ionosphere with an absolute accuracy in vertical total
electron content (TEC) of less than a 1 TEC unit. MIDAS produces 4 dimensional electron density maps which can be used to
correct for the phase distortions and polarization changes by Faraday rotation in the ionosphere. MIDAS also has a ray tracer which
allows for accurate determination of the refracting ray paths and hence the apparent sky location of a radio source. This paper
explores the possibility of using MIDAS in low-frequency radio astronomy applications.
154
15:20
JG.6 IONOSPHERIC APPLICATIONS OF THE MURCHISON WIDEFIELD ARRAY (MWA)
A. J. Coster, P. Erickson, D. Oberoi, J. Salah, MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, United States; D. Herne,
Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA, Australia
The Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) in Western Australia offers a tremendous new opportunity for ionospheric science. The MWA
is a new low frequency array being built with funds from the US National Science Foundation (NSF), Air Force Office of Scientific
Research (AFOSR), and other organizations to develop powerful new capabilities for radio astronomy and heliospheric science at
frequencies from 80 to 300 MHz. This talk will focus on how the MWA can be used to significantly advance the state of knowledge of
mid-latitude space weather effects through its fine-scale observations of large and small-scale ionospheric structuring.
15:40
End of the Session
155
BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS: BRAIN IMAGING AND BRAIN MAPPING
Session Chairs: Shoogo Ueno, Frank Prato
Session
K04b
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus KL
13:40
K04b.1 A TRUST REGION METHOD FOR EIT APPLICATION FOR HUMAN BRAIN
1
2
3
2 1
2
M. Goharian , M. Soleimani , G. R. Moran , C. N. Mitchell ; Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Canada; University
3
of Bath, Bath, England; Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Canada
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is an imaging technique that reconstructs the internal electrical properties of an object from
boundary measurements. Reconstruction of internal conductivity images requires the solution of a nonlinear inverse problem. EIT
has been suggested for electrical conductivity imaging of brain for range of applications. The inverse problem of the resistance
tomography imaging can be solved efficiently using trust region method. In this application the objective of brain tomography is to
reconstruct the conductivity distribuition using real head model.
14:00
K04b.2 RECENT ADVANCES IN IMPEDANCE MRI
S. Ueno, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; M. Sekino, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
We propose three different methods to visualize electrical properties such as conductivity and impedance noninvasively based on
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques: Impedance MRI by using large flip-angles, impedance MRI with a third coil, and
conductivity MRI based on diffusion tensor MRI. The validities of these methods were verified by experiments using rats and human
subjects. In the conductivity image of human subjects we show that the signals in the corpus callosum exhibit high anisotropy due to
the alignment of neuronal fibers.
14:20
K04b.3 RECENT ADVANCES IN ELECTRIC CURRENT MRI
1
2
1
3 1
2
M. Sekino , S. Yamaguchi-Sekino , H. Ohsaki , S. Ueno ; The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan; The University of
3
Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
The purpose of this study is to detect weak magnetic fields generated by neuronal electrical activities using magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI). We performed a numerical analysis of the theoretical limit of sensitivity for detecting weak magnetic fields. The
theoretical limit of sensitivity for magnetic fields in the human brain was 10-8 T. Magnetic resonance images of the rat brain were
obtained during applications of electric stimulation to the sciatic nerve. The images exhibited a temporal decrease in the signal
intensity in the somatosensory cortex.
14:40
K04b.4 APPLICATION OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY IN THE MENTAL DISEASES OF
SCHIZOPHRENIA AND AUTISM
D. J. Drost, P. Williamson, R. Nicolson, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) measures the MR signal from hydrogen nuclei attached to molecules other than tissue
water, for example, neurotransmitters (Glutamate and GABA). Because these are present in only mM concentrations versus 100 M
for tissue water, the resulting low signal to noise prevents diagnostic MRI, but is sufficient for measuring biochemical abnormalities
in psychiatric diseases. Two psychiatric diseases, Schizophrenia and Autism, are lifelong, incurable diseases each afflicting about
1% of the population. We have measured concentration differences in neurotransmitters and other brain metabolites between
psychiatric patients and matched controls showing that both diseases have an underlying biochemical basis.
15:00
K04b.5 MOLECULAR IMAGING WITH MRI AND REPORTER GENE EXPRESSION
1
2
1
1
1 1
F. S. Prato , C. Lemaire , S. Dhanvantari , R. T. Thompson , D. E. Goldhawk ; Lawson Health Research Institute,
2
London, Ontario, Canada; University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Magnetotactic bacteria derive their magnetic properties from magnetosomes: membrane-bound, intracellular structures that form
iron biominerals in response to the coordinated activity of numerous genes. Similar to SPIO particles in size and composition,
magnetosomes respond comparably to magnetic fields. We have investigated the ability of mammalian cells to produce
magnetosome-like particles by expressing one of the bacterial genes: MagA, a putative iron transporter. High field MRI
demonstrated that overexpression of GFP-MagA fusion protein increases cellular contrast in mouse neuroblastoma cells. These
findings suggest that reporter gene expression systems for molecular MRI may be developed using magnetosome-related genes.
156
15:20
K04b.6 RECENT ADVANCES IN MAGNETIC STIMULATION AND MAPPING OF THE BRAIN
R. J. Ilmoniemi, Helsinki University of Technology, Helsinki, Finland
Neurons in the brain can be triggered to fire by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The magnetic field itself has no direct effect,
but the induced current depolarizes neuronal membranes, eliciting action potentials. TMS thus creates artificial information pulses
into neurons that do not differ from naturally occurring action potentials. Therefore, any consequences of TMS are the result of
action potentials affecting neuronal activity. Targeting TMS pulses to selected brain sites on the basis of MRI allows one to map the
excitability of the cortex as well as its connectivity structure. Applications of these techniques include basic research, diagnosis, and
therapy.
15:40
End of the Session
157
URSI GA – Oral Presentations y Friday, August 15, 2008
EM DOSIMETRY
Session Chair: Niels Kuster
Session
A07
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Friday, August 15, 08:00-10:00
Room
Columbus IJ
08:00
A07.1 INVARIANCE OF THE LENGTH OF VECTOR AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE CALIBRATION OF THREEAXIS MAGNETIC SENSORS
X. Zhao, China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp.,, Beijing, China (CIE)
This study is to address a technical issue for the calibration of three-axis fluxgate magnetometers. It is demonstrated through a
mathematical procedure that the length of vector remains invariable when the orthogonal coordinates are transformed. During the
measurement ,The three-axis fluxgate magnetometer and the standard magnetic field represent two independent Cartesian
coordinate systems. It is difficult to superpose these two coordinate sets accurately. The deviation resulted from the unsuperposition
of two Cartesian coordinates has become the major source of the measuring errors. This conclusion helps to understand the
accuracy of three-axis magnetic sensors theoretically.
08:20
A07.2 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DIGITAL SIMULATION IMPEDANCE STANDARD
Y. Li, M. Liu, Q. Wei, Beijing Orient Institute of Measurement & Test, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing,
China (CIE)
The digital simulation impedance (DSI), which is a new concept established on the basis of the pure digital ratio, maintains and
reproduces impedance values according to the definition of the impedance in a sinusoidal steady-state circuit. Based on the concept,
a DSI standard through using the digital method is designed and implemented. The DSI standard can be applied to calibrate LCR
impedance measuring instruments, its frequency range is 100Hz～1MHz and the optimal uncertainty of measurement can reach
0.010% (capacitance), 0.013% (resistance) and 0.028% (inductance). It has practical significance in AC impedance calibration.
08:40
A07.3 PHASE-RETRIEVAL FROM PHASELESS MEASURED E-FIELD DATA
M. Johansson, M. Persson, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
Phase-retrieval from measurements of field amplitudes is of interest for dosimetry applications as well as for near-field to far-field
transformations and antenna diagnostics. We here present results for a phase-retrieval method for a test case with a mobile phone.
The method employs an optimization algorithm based on the phase angle gradients of a functional. The obtained phase angles on a
measurement plane above the phone gave calculated field on other measurement planes that agrees well with the measured field.
09:00
A07.4 A RADIO FREQUENCY RADIATION REVERBERATION CHAMBER EXPOSURE SYSTEM FOR RODENTS
M. H. Capstick, N. Kuster, S. Kuehn, V. Berdinas-Torres, Foundation for Research on Information Technology in
Society, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland; J. Ladbury, G. Koepke, NIST, Boulder, CO, USA; D. McCormick, J. Gauger, IIT
Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA; R. Melnick, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
Reverberation chambers have long been used for EMC measurements on equipment; however, it was only recently that they have
been developed as a paradigm for animal exposure to radio frequency radiation. This paper describes the system of 21
reverberation chambers developed for the National Toxicology Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
for assessing potential toxicity or carcinogenicity of mobile phone radiation and some of the specific decisions that were made and
challenges that had to be overcome. Also detailed is the overall performance achieved.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
A07.5 WHOLE BODY AND LOCAL SAR IN ANATOMICAL PHANTOMS EXPOSED TO RF FIELDS FROM BIRDCAGE
COILS
1
1
1,2 1
2
E. Cabot , A. Christ , N. Kuster ; IT'IS Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland; ETHZ, Zurich, Switzerland
A numerical study of the induced fields and specific absorption rate (SAR) in anatomical phantoms exposed to the radiofrequency
(RF) fields of magnetic resonance (MR) scanners was conducted using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method at 64MHz
and 128MHz. Three phantoms including two adults and one child were used. The study revealed inconsistencies between the MRI
safety standards and current scanning practices. Furthermore, the results indicate that established guidelines for demonstrating MRI
safety of implants are insufficient.
10:00
End of the Session
158
NUMERICAL, ASYMPTOTIC AND HYBRID METHODS
Session Chairs: Vincenzo Galdi, Makoto Ando
Session
B05
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand B
08:00
B05.1 FILLING TIME REDUCTION IN RLSA MOM ANALYSIS BY USING ASYMPTOTICS
1
2
1 1
2
A. Mazzinghi , M. Albani , A. Freni ; University of Florence, Florence, Italy; University of Siena, Sienna, Italy
The accurate design and further optimization of a high-gain RLSA requires a full wave analysis of the entire structure, that results
electrically large. In this paper an approximate asymptotic formula for the slot mutual admittance evaluation is presented and applied
to a MoM algorithm. The formula accuracy to the asymptotic order O(r-3/2) permits, in a typical RLSA analysis, avoiding the
numerical integration in more than 90% of the slot pairs, with a save of CPU time of the same order.
08:20
B05.2 SOME NEW FINDINGS IN PHYSICAL OPTICS AND THE RELATIONS TO GTD AND MOM
M. Ando, L. Rodriguez, T. Shijo, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
New findings of the PO, including the relations with GTD and MoM are summarized. The modified normal vector currents definition
is introduced, enhancing the PO accuracy to the GTD level, without the errors at the GO boundaries. Second topic combines MoM
with the HF theories to implement the reaction matrix in computationally light way with application to HF by the Fresnel concept.
Third topic expresses the GO terms of PO by the modified edge representation (MER) line integrals around the inner SPP,
extracting the reflection-canceling waves, regarding the MER line integration along the boundary of the scatterer as diffraction.
08:40
B05.3 CHARACTERISTIC BASIS FUNCTION METHOD--A NOVEL APPROACH TO INCORPORATING CONCEPTS
OF ASYMPTOTIC TECHNIQUES INTO RIGOROUS NUMERICAL METHODS
R. Mittra, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States
Despite a phenomenal growth in Computational Electromagnetics, we continue to be challenged by the need to solve even larger
and more complex problems The paper describes a novel technique called the Characteristic Basis Function Method (CBFM), which
reduces a large problem to a manageable size by using Domain Decomposition. However, instead of using iteration algorithms to
handle the problem of interaction between the various subdomains, CBFM derives a reduced matrix, which preserves all of the
coupling effects rigorously when it is formed, and subsequently solves this matrix directly without resorting to iteration.
09:00
B05.4 AN EFFICIENT HYBRID FE-BI-TW-COLLECTIVE RAY FORMULATION FOR ANALYSIS OF LARGE
CONFORMAL ARRAYS
1
2
1
1 1
P. H. Pathak , P. Janpugdee , R. J. Burkholder , J.-F. Lee ; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United
2
States; Aeroflex Powell, Inc., Herndon, VA, United States
A hybrid numerical and high-frequency asymptotic procedure is presented for efficiently analyzing the electromagnetic radiation from
a very large conformal antenna array mounted on a realistic platform, such as an aircraft or ship. The local fields in the finite
aperture of the array are computed numerically via the finite element-boundary integral (FE-BI) method, and transformed into a
small set of traveling wave (TW) basis functions. Each of these traveling waves existing over the finite aperture has an associated
high-frequency asymptotic radiation solution, resulting in rays which may be tracked throughout a complex platform.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
B05.5 SOLUTIONS OF EXTREMELY LARGE ELECTROMAGNETICS PROBLEMS INVOLVING TENS OF MILLIONS
OF UNKNOWNS USING PARALLEL MLFMA AND PRECONDITIONERS
L. Gurel, O. Ergul, T. Malas, Bilkent University Computational Electromagnetics Research Center (BiLCEM), Ankara,
Turkey
We present fast and accurate solutions of very large electromagnetics problems discretized with tens of millions of unknowns.
Scattering and radiation problems involving three-dimensional large-scale objects are formulated accurately with surface integral
equations. The resulting dense matrix equations are solved iteratively by using a parallel implementation of the multilevel fast
multipole algorithm (MLFMA). For efficient solutions, iterations are accelerated by employing a robust preconditioning technique
based on a flexible iterative algorithm and an approximate MLFMA. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our solver on various
scattering problems, including a sphere of radius 150λ discretized with 85 million unknowns.
159
10:00
B05.6 CLASSICAL MODEL OF QUANTUM NOISE WITH THE FDTD METHOD
1,2
1,2
1
1,1
3 1
J. Andreasen , H. Cao , A. Taflove , P. Kumar , C.-Q. Cao ; Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States;
2
3
Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Peking University, Beijing, China (CIE)
Numerical models based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method have been developed to simulate thermal noise and
spontaneous emission. Both types of noise may have large effects on optical systems. Though their origin lies in quantum
mechanics, they can be simulated with classical numbers in macroscopic systems where the discreteness of light can be ignored.
Thermal noise is provided by the absorbing boundary of a 1D FDTD grid which must radiate back into the system to remain in
thermal equilibrium. Spontaneous emission is simulated by introducing noise terms to the Maxwell-Bloch equations.
10:20
B05.7 FINITE DIFFERENCE DELAY METHODS FOR TRANSIENT SCATTERING
D. S. Weile, X. Wang, P. Monk, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
A new discretization method for the solution of the time domain integral equations of electromagnetics is presented. The new
method is based on a formulation of the relevant integral equation in the Laplace domain. This integral equation is mapped into the
z-transform domain using a finite difference approximation or first- or second-order. The resulting time marching scheme is
absolutely stable for all time steps, and can be easily applied to arbitrary curved geometry. Numerical results demonstrate the
accuracy and efficiency of the new technique.
10:40
End of the Session
160
COMPACT/MINIATURIZED ANTENNAS
Session Chairs: Ahmed Kishk, Nader Behdad
Session
B09
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus AB
08:00
B09.1 A UNIPLANAR DUAL-POLARIZED MINIATURIZED ANTENNA
N. Behdad, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
A new technique for designing dual-polarized miniaturized slot antennas is presented in this paper. The technique is based on the
miniaturization of a crossed slot antenna fed with two coplanar waveguide feeds. Miniaturization is performed by terminating the
slots with appropriate boundary conditions at their ends to ensure that the structure maintains resonance while the occupied area is
considerably reduced. Using this technique, the occupied area of the antenna can be made as small as 0.085 labmda x 0.085
lambda. Feeding is performed using two coplanar waveguide feeds located on the same layer as the main antenna.
08:20
B09.2 WIDE-ELEVATION CIRCULAR-POLARIZED QUADRIFILAR HELICAL ANTENNA HANDSET DESIGN FOR
SATELLITE COMMUNICATION USING GENETIC ALGORITHMS
D. Zhou, R. A. Abd-Alhameed, C. H. See, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom; P. S. Excell, North East
Wales Institute of Higher Education, University of Wales, Wrexham, United Kingdom
A circularly-polarised quadrifilar helical antenna, operated at 2.4 GHz band, was designed and optimised using a genetic algorithm.
The antenna was first to attempt as a test on an infinite ground plane and then optimised further on small size handsets. The
performance of the GA-optimised antenna design was validated through a hardware realization in terms of VSWR, axial ratio and
power gain. The attained results indicate that the optimal antennas met design objectives under several certain constraints.
Moreover, The GA has proven its advantage for quickly finding solutions for antenna designs.
08:40
B09.3 DESIGN OF MULTIBAND BUTTON WEARABLE ANTENNA
W. Huang, D. Kajfez, A. A. Kishk, L. K. Hady, University of Mississippi, University, MS, United States
A multi-band spiral top button antenna was designed, fabricated and tested as a wearable electronic device for WLAN application.
Compared with textile type wearable antenna, it has the advantages of compact size, small ground plane, less dependence on the
fabric substrate. A spiral top was implemented to the antenna structure to obtain additional inductance. Both simulated and
measured reflection coefficients are presented. Three resonance bands are obtained covering the 2.4-2.5GHz and 5.15- 5.825 GHz
ISM bands. Simulated gain patterns are also illustrated. Good omnidirectionality is achieved at the xy plane for all three bands.
09:00
B09.4 COMPACT ASYMMETRIC COPLANAR STRIP FED DUAL BAND ANTENNA FOR WLAN APPLICATIONS
D. V. Nair, S. Raman, B. Paul, P. Mohanan, Centre for Research in Electromagnetics and Antennas, Cochin, Kerala,
India
A compact asymmetric coplanar strip fed F shaped monopole antenna for dual band applications is presented. The antenna exhibits
dual band characteristics covering the 2.4/5.2 GHz WLAN and HIPERLAN2 bands. The dual band nature of the antenna is due to
the various current paths excited in the F shaped structure. The antenna has a compact dimension of 22 mm x 19 mm when printed
on a substrate of dielectric constant 4.4 and height 1.6 mm. The uniplanar nature, simple feeding technique and compactness make
it easy for modular design.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
B09.5 A COMPACT PLANAR ANTENNA FOR MODERN MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
G. Augustin, C. K. Aanandan, M. Pezolil, V. Kesavath, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala,
India
The proposed antenna incorporates a modified Finite Ground CPW fed strip monopole with a flaring and an embedded sleeve to
implement dual band operation. Experimental results shows a 2:1 VSWR bandwidth of 24 % at the centre frequency of 2 GHz for
the first resonant band and 56.3 % bandwidth at the centre frequency of 4.5 GHz in the second resonant band. The surface current
in the antenna is computed to identify the contribution of antenna elements at the resonant bands. Omnidirectional radiation patterns
with moderate gain is obtained for the proposed antenna.
161
10:00
B09.6 A COMPACT WIDEBAND ANTENNA FOR MODERN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
P. C. Bybi, B. Jitha, C. K. Aanandan, K. Vasudevan, P. Mohanan, Cochin University of Science and Technology,
Kochi,Kerala, India
In this paper the authors present the analysis and design of a modified CPW antenna which covers a wide range of application
bands for modern wireless communication systems. This design, provides a 2:1 VSWR bandwidth of 78% at 2.49 GHz that covers
application bands including GPS systems , Global Star Satellite Phones , Advanced Wireless Systems, DCS 1800 , Digital Cordless
Phones, PHS/PCS/DCS-1900, Satellite Radio , WiBro , BlueTooth/WLAN-2.4/WiBree/ZigBee and DMB. The omni-directional
radiation patterns and moderate gain make the proposed antenna suitable for above mentioned applications.
10:20
End of the Session
162
MILLIMETER-WAVE SYSTEMS (INCLUDING 60 GHZ) FOR RADAR AND HIGH-DATA-RATE COMMUNICATIONS
Session Chair: Luis Correia
Session
C10
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus GH
08:00
C10.1 IMPACT OF ANTENNA CONFIGURATION AND SHADOWING ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE 60 GHZ
INDOOR WIDEBAND RADIO CHANNEL
M. Peter, W. Keusgen, Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Nachrichtentechnik, Heinrich-Hertz-Institut, Berlin, Germany
In this paper, we present the results of an extensive measurement campaign concerning the 60 GHz indoor broadband radio
channel. Three different antenna configurations are considered involving omnidirectional and directional antennas. We analyze the
impact of the antenna configuration on the time dispersion and the normalized received power under line-of-sight (LOS) as well as
under obstructed line-of-sight (OLOS) conditions.
08:20
C10.2 IMPLEMENTATION OF A CHANNEL SOUNDER FOR THE 60 GHZ BAND
S. Salous, S. Feeney, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
This paper describes the implementation of an FMCW channel sounder for use in the Oxygen absorption band in the region of 60
GHz. The system uses a combination of linear up-conversion and non-linear frequency multiplication to derive the final RF
frequency. The use of multipliers to provide the operational frequency also provides an increase in the available channel bandwidth
that can be sounded. The concept can be adapted to the bands between 20 GHz and more than 100 GHz using appropriate RF
multipliers.
08:40
C10.3 INDOOR CHANNEL MEASUREMENTS AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM DESIGN AT 60 GHZ
L. Rakotondrainibe, G. Zaharia, G. El Zein, IETR, Rennes, France; Y. Lostanlen, SIRADEL, Rennes, France
This paper presents a brief overview of several studies concerning the indoor wireless communications at 60 GHz performed by the
IETR. The characterization and the modeling of the radio propagation channel are based on several measurement campaigns
realized with the channel sounder developed at IETR. Some typical residential environments were also simulated by ray tracing and
Gaussian Beam Tracking. The obtained results show a good agreement with the similar experimental results. Currently, the IETR is
developing a high data rate wireless communication system operating at 60 GHz. The single-carrier architecture of this system is
also presented.
09:00
C10.4 RAY-TRACING SIMULATIONS OF THE 60 GHZ INCABIN RADIO CHANNEL
R. Felbecker, W. Keusgen, M. Peter, Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Nachrichtentechnik, Heinrich-Hertz-Institut, Berlin,
Germany
In this paper, we present first results of ray-tracing simulations of the 60 GHz in-vehicular radio channel. The simulations have been
performed with respect to the passenger cabin of a wide-bodied aircraft. A very detailed 3D model of the cabin has been drawn up.
Parameters of common materials were taken from literature. Unknown values have been determined by means of free space
measurements. For composite materials we made the approach of defining an effective dielectric constant and an effective
thickness. The simulation results have been analyzed regarding small-scale fading behavior, path loss and delay spread.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
C10.5 OVERVIEW OF MW/MMW EVEN HARMONIC MODULATION/DEMODULATION WITH AN ANTI-PARALLEL
DIODE PAIR
K. Itoh, Mitsubishi-Electric, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
Direct conversion RF architecture is effective for miniaturization of MW/MMW radio transceiver systems. Already this is the common
solution in cellular phone RF-ICs. For high speed data transmission systems in MW/MMW frequencies, direct
modulation/demodulation techniques are also important to integrate transceiver system on chip. In this paper, the even harmonic
modulation/demodulation technique with an anti-parallel diode pair is demonstrated as a superior solution with low even order
mixing products for high dynamic range receivers. Also several GaAs even harmonic mixers from X-band to MMW are
demonstrated.
10:00
End of the Session
163
SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT
Session Chairs: Terje Tjelta, Gao Yougang
Session
E05
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus CD
08:00
E05.1 CHINESE FREQUENCY SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT
R. Chang, Ministry of Information Industry, Beijing, China (CIE)
RF spectrum is one limited and scarce resource, this article provide a brief presentation of the current radio spectrum management
and related challenges on a long view in China.
08:20
E05.2 SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT FOR LUNAR AND MARS SPACE INITIATIVES
W. A. Luther, ASRC Management Services, Reston, Virginia, United States
This submission examines electromagnetic spectum requirements for space communications over the next quarter-century in
planning lunar and Martian spacecraft transit, navigation, orbiting, docking, and landing missions. Missions, goals, and requirements
are identified, including those necessary for Earth-based antennas. Six nations/organizations are planning lunar or Martian missions
which requires collaboration to ensure that sufficient spectrum is identified and that there will be compatibility among all spacecraft,
modules, capsules, probes, and relay satellites. The timeframe for introduction of missions will be proposed. Technical requirements
for protocols, hardware compatibility and perhaps also interoperability among these nations/organizations will be postulated.
08:40
E05.3 RADIO SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT - - A PROCEDURE IN PERMANENT EVOLUTION
J. I. Cracovski, Consejo Profesional de Ingeniería de Telecomunicaciones, Electrónica e Informática, Buenos Aires,
Argentina
Main aspects of Radio Spectrum Management are presented. A general description of electromagnetic waves, their parameters and
the way radio waves can apply to communications and broadcasting are shown. Concepts of radio service allocations, assignments
and their presentation in a band plan, and radio interference are also explained. Radio spectrum and main elements for its
management are described. Generally employed national spectrum management procedures, and its international coordination are
covered. Spectrum monitoring and spectrum management interaction is explained. Administrators tasks in different world regions
and international spectrum organizations are succinctly explained. New technologies impact on spectrum management is analyzed.
09:00
E05.4 IMPROVED UTILIZATION OF THE RADIO SPECTRUM RESPECTING PHYSICAL LAWS
R. Struzak, National Institute of Telecommunications, Wroclaw, Poland
In this paper, the problem of improved utilization of the radio spectrum is reduced to a problem of a better arrangement of solids in a
generic multidimensional space. The solids should be packed tightly together, but not too close because of possible conflicts due to
their unintended interactions. Improvement proposals are discussed, those related to technology and those related to regulations.
Replacing the present spectrum management by market forces or by the open spectrum doctrine does not liberate from the physical
restrictions and does not improve the utilization of the spectrum per se. It only changes the spectrum accessing criteria.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
E05.5 THE OVERVIEW OF DYNAMIC FREQUENCY SPECTRUM ACCESS BASED ON SOME ADVANCED
TECHNIQUES
Q. Song, Beijing Hua-Xin Electronics Enterprise Co., Beijing, China (CIE);; X. He, Beijing University of Aeronautics and
Astronautics, Beijing, China (CIE); W. Zou, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China (CIE)
The paper introduced the present insufficient situation of the frequency spectrum resource. Several effective techniques to raise the
utilization efficiency of the spectrum and their corresponding developments of the applications, such as the Cognitive Radios, the
Ultra-Wide Band radio, the Water Filling Principle and the Detection & Avoidance Mechanism, are analyzed and compared, which is
increasingly significant to the spectrum regulation and management research.
164
10:00
E05.6 STANDARDS FOR ADVANCED, LOW-COST WIRELESS SOLUTIONS
C. M. Di Lapi, Motorola Inc., Washington, DC, United States
The purpose of this presentation is to give a high-level overview of the many advanced wireless standards available to provide
digital voice, data, and multi-media applications in mobile, fixed and nomadic environments. Given the plethora of technologies
available, this presentation focuses on those incorporated into deliverables of the International Telecommunication Union, since this
is a worldwide organization and many of these deliverables incorporate standards developed by regional and global standards
development organizations. This presentation readily points out the overlap of many of these standards and user applications, and
raises the question of convergence of myriad wireless technology platforms.
10:20
E05.7 SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES OF THE U.S. NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL COMMITTEE ON
RADIO FREQUENCIES
D. B. Lang, U.S. National Research Council, Washington, DC, United States; P. A. Vanden Bout, National Radio
Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA, United States; J. Piepmeier, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,
Greenbelt, MD, United States
The U.S. National Research Councils Committee on Radio Frequencies will discuss the exciting scientific and technological
developments in radio astronomy and Earth remote sensing and then describe CORFs role in protecting the passive, scientific use
of spectrum. Involving the broad radio science and engineering community is critical to the committee's work, which bears directly
upon radio astronomy and Earth science. As technology continues to progress and devices utilize wireless transmitters, it is
essential for the active and passive users of the spectrum to communicate directly with one another to avoid potential conflicts in the
future.
10:40
End of the Session
165
WIRELESS PROPAGATION AND CHANNEL MODELLING
Session Chairs: Claude Oestges, Ian Glover
Session
FC
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus EF
08:00
FC.1 A METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING SIMULTANEOUSLY-TRANSMITTED SIGNALS FROM DIFFERENT TRANSMIT
ANTENNAS IN MUTI-ANTENNA CHANNEL SOUNDING EXPERIMENTS
R. J. C. Bultitude, Communications Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada; G. Dhaman, R. H. M. Hafez, Carleton
University, Ottawa, Canada
A method is described for identifying signals from different transmit antennas in multi-antenna sounders. Multiple orthogonal signals
are produced from one pseudorandom code by using it to modulate RF carriers at pre-calculated offset frequencies. Although
interleaved, the spectral lines from different transmitters are separable by Fourier transform at the receiver output. Since there is a
one-to-one relationship between the length of the signal required for Fourier analysis and the number of orthogonal sounding signals,
any arbitrary number of such signals can be generated, but Doppler spreads limit the number that can be employed with acceptable
isolation.
08:20
FC.2 DIRECTIONAL CHANNEL MODELING WITH SPARSE POWER AZIMUTH SPECTRUM ESTIMATION
Most spatial wireless channel models rely on knowledge of the power azimuth spectrum (PAS). Existing techniques for PAS
estimation include beamforming, regularized deconvolution, and super-resolution techniques, but existing methods do not directly
find sparse solutions representing the PAS with as few parameters as possible. A novel technique for estimation of PAS is
presented, referred to as sparse power azimuth spectrum estimation (SPASE). The method is based on minimum l1-norm
representations of the PAS, favoring very sparse representations relative to minimum l2-norm solutions.
08:40
FC.3 MEASUREMENT-BASED TIME-VARIANT MIMO CHANNEL MODELLING USING CLUSTERS
1,2
2
3
1 1
N. Czink , E. Bonek , J. Ylitalo , T. Zemen ; Telecommunications Research Centre Vienna (ftw.), Vienna, Austria;
2
3
Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria; Elektrobit, Oulu, Finland
We present the novel Random-Cluster Model (RCM), a time-variant frequency-selective MIMO channel model. The most significant
feature of the RCM is that it is parametrised directly from channel measurements by an automatic procedure. Thus, the RCM is
\emph{specific to the environment}, although it retains all advantages of a stochastic model. In this way it closes the gap between
channel measurements and channel modelling. Validation proves that the RCM can render very well channels in the kind of
measured ones.
09:00
FC.4 TIME-VARIANT MIMO CHANNELS: STOCHASTIC MODELING BASED ON EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS
C. Chen, M. A. Jensen, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
This paper proposes a stochastic multipath model useful for generating MIMO channel matrices in time-variant environments. The
multipath model is developed by first extracting the relevant characteristics from measured indoor channel data and subsequently
capturing these characteristics in an auto-regressive stochastic model. This model is then used to generate channel matrices whose
space-time characteristics closely match those of realistic scenarios. The simple model further allows applicability to a wide range of
physical scenarios and antenna characteristics. Computational examples reveal the applicability and accuracy of the approach.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
FC.5 BRANCH CROSS-CORRELATION IN PRESENCE OF SPATIALLY SELECTIVE INTERFERENCE EXPRESSED
IN TERMS OF THE SPHERICAL VECTOR WAVE EXPANSION OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD
1
1
1
1,2
1 1
A. Alayon-Glazunov , F. Tufvesson , M. Gustafsson , A. F. Molisch , G. Kristensson ; Lund University, Lund,
2
Sweden; Mitsubishi Electric Research Labs, Cambridge, USA
In this paper we present an analysis of the cross-correlation coefficient between signals at two antenna branches (ports) in the
presence of spatially selective interference and additive white gaussian noise. More specifically, we look at a +/-45 degrees slanted
polarization diversity arrangement, which is rotated around the axis perpendicular to the plane containing the antennas. Results are
provided as a function of the rotation angle. The analysis is based on the spherical vector wave multi-pole expansion of both the
field impinging on the antennas and the antenna radiation properties.
166
10:00
FC.6 POLARIZATION EFFECTS IN HIGH-SPEED TRAIN RADIO COMMUNICATIONS CHANNELS
S. Knoerzer, W. Wiesbeck, Universitaet Karlsruhe (TH), Karlsruhe, Germany
This paper characterizes the polarization dependence of the high-speed train communications channel. With a three-dimensional
ray tracing simulation tool the narrow-band channel characteristics are determined for various polarizations and two typical
environments. The results show that the channel characteristics can be optimized by selecting the proper polarization. For this
purpose two options result: either the long-term fading amplitude can be maximized or the short-term fading can be minimized.
10:20
FC.7 WIRELESS PROPAGATION ANALYSIS AND MEASUREMENT IN ENCLOSED REFLECTIVE STRUCTURES
Y. Ouyang, W. J. Chappell, purdue university, West Lafayette, IN, United States
In this paper, we explore the propagation characteristics in a special type of indoor environment (enclosed reflective structure),
which refers to wireless communications in spaces enclosed by highly reflective materials, like inside a space module. The strong
signal reflection can significantly increase the number of arrival signals as well as excessive signal delay. To address this problem,
we studied the reception statistics of different receive antennas. Through both Ray-tracing simulation and channel measurement, we
found that the receive antennas experience Rayleigh fading even when the transmitter is only 3 meter away in direct line-of-sight
with the receiver.
10:40
End of the Session
167
RADAR STUDIES I
Session Chairs: Wesley Swartz, M Lester, Jorge Chau
Session
G05a
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand E
08:00
G05a.1 POLARIZATION PROPERTIES OF NON-SPECULAR METEOR TRAIL AND HEADS
1
2
3
1 1
2
S. Close , M. Kelley , L. Dyrud , P. Colestock ; LANL, Los Alamos, NM, United States; Cornell University, Ithaca,
3
NY, United States; Center for Remote Sensing, VA, United States
We present some of the first results of the polarization properties of non-specular meteor trail and head echoes collected with the
ALTAR radar. ALTAIR transmits right-circularly polarized energy and receives both left-circular and right-circular returns; the ratio of
these two returns is referred to as the polarization ratio (LC/RC). We examine the polarization properties of heads and trails and
analyze these results for a dependence on altitude. We have found that for long-duration trails, the polarization ratio increases as
altitude increases. For the majority of trails the RC return dominates at the highest altitudes.
08:20
G05a.2 TWO-DIMENSIONAL RADAR IMAGING OF FIELD-ALIGNED IRREGULARITIES AT MIDLATITUDE
IONOSPHERE WITH THE MU RADAR
S. Fukao, M. Yamamoto, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
The 29-channel digital receiving subsystem of the MU radar has been utilized for 2D imaging of small-scale field-aligned
irregularities (FAIs) in the E-region ionosphere since March 2004. In 2007 the same technique was applied to F-region FAIs when Eregion FAIs were concurrently detected along the same geomagnetic field line with portable radar. They showed that similar band
structures with wavefronts aligned northwest to southeast and with 50-km scale patchy substructure inside propagated
southwestward in both regions. These results demonstrate a close coupling between E and F regions in the nighttime mid-latitude
ionosphere.
08:40
G05a.3 THOSE DARN RADARS: NEW DIRECTIONS FOR THE SUPER DUAL AURORAL RADAR NETWORK
1
1
2
3
1
4 1
J. B. H. Baker , J. M. Ruohoniemi , S. G. Shepherd , K. A. McWilliams , R. A. Greenwald , W. A. Bristow ; The
2
Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States; Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH,
3
4
United States; University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, United
States
The Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) measures coherent backscatter from plasma irregularities drifting under the
influence of ionospheric electric fields. These measurements, obtained continuously, provide valuable information about the
electrodynamics of the coupled magnetosphere-ionosphere system over extended spatial scales and with high time resolution. At
the present time there are 21 radars operating in both hemispheres and there are plans for the construction of many more. In this
presentation we describe some of the recent developments within SuperDARN with a particular emphasis on the recent expansion
of the network to higher (PolarDARN) and lower (StormDARN) latitudes.
09:00
G05a.4 EXTENDED HIGH ATTITUDE INCOHERENT SCATTER RADAR OBSERVATIONS DURING THE IPY
A. P. van Eyken, EISCAT Scientific Association, Kiruna, Sweden
The high-latitude incoherent scatter radar community has made an unprecedented effort to raise the availability of ionospheric
measurements dramatically during the IPY. The EISCAT Svalbard Radar has provided the most comprehensive coverage, with
substantial contributions from other radars at Sondrestromfjord, Greenland, Millstone Hill, Massachusetts, and Irkutsk, Russia, as
well as the brand new radar at Poker Flat, Alaska. This presentation will review the scientific and operational impact of the IPY
operation using examples of the scientific highlights as well as indications of the future potential of the accumulated datasets.
09:20
End of the Session
168
TUTORIAL G – IONOSPHERIC ASSIMILATION – TECHNIQUES AND PERFORMANCE
Session Chair: Paul Cannon
Session
GT
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand E
09:40
GT.1 IONOSPHERIC DATA ASSIMILATION: TECHNIQUES AND PERFORMANCE
B. D. Wilson, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States
Driven by the global coverage of GPS and UV remote sensing datasets, we have entered the era of ionospheric data assimilation.
The tutorial will review various physics-based assimilation approaches Kalman filter, ensemble KF, variational (4DVAR) and then
present detailed results from the JPL/USC Global Assimilative Ionosphere Model. GAIM is a physics-based, 3-dimensional
assimilation model that uses a Kalman filter and 4DVAR to solve for the ion densities and key drivers such as electrodynamics,
neutral winds, and production. Retrieved density grids are quantitatively validated by comparisons to independent datasets: ground
GPS, JASON, ionosondes, and incoherent scatter radars.
10:40
End of the Session
169
WAVE EXPERIMENTS IN LABORATORY PLASMAS AND APPLICATIONS TO SPACE
Session Chairs: Bill Amatucci, Toshiro Kaneko
Session
H05
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand F
08:00
H05.1 LABORATORY STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF PARALLEL VELOCITY SHEAR ON ELECTROSTATIC ION
WAVES IN A MAGENTIZED PLASMA
1
2
1
1
3 1
R. L. Merlino , E. P. Agrimson , S.-H. Kim , N. D'Angelo , G. Ganguli ; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United
2
3
States; College of St. Catherine, St. Paul, MN, United States; Naval research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United
States
Parallel velocity shear (PVS) is a plasma configuration with ion flow parallel to the magnetic field but with a velocity gradient
transverse to B. PVS is commonly observed along the Earths auroral field lines and, in association with magnetic field-aligned
currents, may excite ion acoustic and ion cyclotron waves. This presentation reviews Iowa experiments investigating the effect of
PVS on excitation of (1) ion acoustic waves by subcritical currents in a plasma having equal ion and electron temperatures, and (2)
electrostatic ion cyclotron waves in plasmas with and without field-aligned current.
08:20
H05.2 EFFECTS OF PERPENDICULAR PLASMA FLOW VELOCITY SHEAR ON PARALLEL SHEAR DRIVEN DRIFT
WAVE
1
1
2
1 1
2
T. Kaneko , S. Tamura , A. Ito , R. Hatakeyama ; Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; National Institute for Fusion
Science, Toki, Japan
Plasma flow velocity shears parallel and perpendicular to magnetic field lines are independently controlled and superimposed. The
drift wave which has an azimuthal mode number m=3 is observed to grow with increasing the parallel shear strength in the absence
of the perpendicular shear. When the perpendicular shear is superimposed on the parallel shear, the drift wave of m=3 is found to
change into that of m=2, and furthermore, the parallel shear strength required for the excitation of the drift wave becomes large.
These experimental results are confirmed by theoretical calculations using an eigenmode analysis.
08:40
H05.3 POLARIZATION REVERSAL OF ELECTRON CYCLOTRON WAVES CREATING PLASMA-POTENTIAL
STRUCTURES IN LABORATORY PLASMAS
1,2
1
1 1
2
K. Takahashi , T. Kaneko , R. Hatakeyama ; Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Iwate University, Morioka,
Iwate, Japan
Selectively launched electromagnetic waves for azimuthal mode number m=0, and m=1 are investigated around an ECR region in
inhomogeneously magnetized plasmas. A left-hand polarized wave for m=0 is unexpectedly absorbed at the ECR point as a result
of a polarization reversal in the axial direction. For m=1, the polarization reversal occurs along the radial axis. Moreover, high-power
m=1 waves can selectively form electric double layers at the center and peripheral areas with potential jump corresponding to an ion
flow energy; the selective formation is due to absorption profiles resulting from the polarization reversal.
09:00
H05.4 THE VASIMR ION CYCLOTRON HEATING EXPERIMENT
M. S. Brukardt, E. A. Bering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
The Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket is an electric propulsion system under development at Ad Astra Rocket
Company. The VASIMR uses a helicon source to generate plasma then uses left hand polarized slow mode waves injected into the
ion cyclotron resonance region to boost the ions to a higher velocity. This ion cyclotron heating in the VASIMR can be used to
simulate processes of ion acceleration and heating that take place in the Birkeland currents of auroral arc systems. This
presentation will discuss the development of the ion cyclotron resonance heating experiment in the VASIMR.
170
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
H05.5 CRASH AND RECOVERY OF THE POTENTIAL IN A TOROIDAL PLASMA COLUMN, AS OBSERVED BY
GENERALIZED CONDITIONAL SAMPLING
A. Fredriksen, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway; H. L. Pecseli, J. K. Trulsen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Conditional sampling methods are generalized by applying a matched filter on the reference signal. The method is illustrated on
data from a magnetized toroidal plasma without rotational transform. By proper choice of filter we observe a rapid ``crash'' in
electrostatic plasma potential over the entire plasma column, followed by a slower recovery phase. Results are noticeably different
from those for more traditional conditional analysis, indicating that generalizations of the conditional sampling method can give new
insights. Conditionally obtained local power spectra show enhancements in fluctuation amplitudes preceding the potential crash.
The analysis is illustrated also by using a synthetic dataset.
10:00
H05.6 LABORATORY STUDIES OF WHISTLER AND LOWER HYBRID WAVE PROPAGATION*
1
1
1
2
1 1
B. Amatucci , D. Blackwell , G. Gatling , D. Walker , G. Ganguli ; Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC,
2
United States; SFA Incorporated, Crofton, MD, United States
An experimental investigation of the generation and propagation of whistler and lower hybrid waves is underway in the NRL Space
Physics Simulation Chamber. These studies are carried out in both homogeneous plasma and plasma containing density structures.
In homogeneous plasma, resonance cone propagation of the waves is observed, consistent with theoretical predictions. In plasma
containing a density depletion layer, wave ducting within the layer has been observed. Experimental results related to the
propagation characteristics of whistler/lower hybrid waves under these conditions will be presented. *Work sponsored by the Office
of Naval Research.
10:20
H05.7 WHISTLER WAVES RADIATION BY LOOP ANTENNA IN PLASMAS WITH MAGNETIC FIELD
IRREGULARITIES
1
2
2
2
2
3
T. M. Zaboronkova , M. E. Gushchin , V. A. Koldanov , S. V. Korobkov , A. V. Kostrov , C. Krafft ,
2 1
2
A. V. Strikovsky ; Technical University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation; Institute of
3
Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation; Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau Cedex, France
Whistler waves radiation by loop antennas immersed in a large laboratory magnetoplasma with magnetic field irregularities was
studied. Two types of ambient magnetic field irregularities were investigated: (i) an elongated "duct-like" irregularity localized
between launching and receiving antennas; (ii) inhomogeneity localized in the vicinity of launching antenna. The magnetic field
irregularities created without any significant plasma density disturbances were considered. It was found that the presence of the
magnetic field perturbations change the whistler waves amplitude. Plasma regions with locally enhanced (resp. deleted) magnetic
field strength provide an increase (resp. decreases) of amplitude of whistlers.
10:40
End of the Session
171
RADIO ASTRONOMY IN SPACE AND ON THE MOON
Session Chair: Leonid Gurvits
Session
J05
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand A
08:00
J05.1 THE WILKINSON MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY PROBE(WMAP): FIVE YEARS OF OBSERVATIONS
N. C. Jarosik, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe is a satellite designed to measure the cosmic microwave background radiation. It
observes the full sky in 5 frequency bands spanning 22-106 GHz. WMAP has been operating continuously since its launch in 2001
and five years of data have been processed and released. These data consist of calibrated full sky maps of the intensity and
polarization of the continuum microwave emission in five frequency bands, power spectra of the CMBR, and measured values of
cosmological parameters. This talk will review the design and operational parameters of WMAP and describe the publicly available
data products.
08:20
J05.2 THE PLANCK MISSION
J. A. Tauber, European Space Agency, Noordwijk, Netherlands
Planck (http://astro.estec.esa.nl/Planck) is an astronomical satellite part of the Scientific Programme of the European Space Agency,
due to be launched in the second half of 2008. It is designed to image the anisotropies of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)
over the whole sky, with unprecedented sensitivity and angular resolution. Planck will provide a major source of information relevant
to cosmology and astrophysics. I will present an overview of the Planck mission, its scientific objectives, the key elements of its
technical design, and its current status.
08:40
J05.3 THE FIRST SPACE-VLBI MISSION VSOP
H. Hirabayashi, JAXA, Kanagawa, Japan
Radio Astronomy satellite HALCA was launched in February 1997 to conduct successfull experiments to verify feasibility of spaceVLBI and to work further as an open observatory for very high angular resolution observations. Open observations were done at 1.6
and 5 GHz bands for mostly active galactic nuclei. The observing program, VSOP(VLBI Space Observatory Programme), started in
late 1997 and ended in November 2005. VSOP experienced global scale collaborations of radio telescope array, tracking network
and correlators, and with scientific management and operations. These efforts gave birth to the second generation mission VSOP-2.
09:00
J05.4 THE NEXT GENERATION SPACE VLBI PROJECT, VSOP-2 (ASTRO-G)
H. Saito, M. Tsuboi, Y. Murata, JAXA, Sagamihara, Japan
A second generation space-VLBI project, VSOP-2, has now been approved by Japan's space agency, JAXA, as the ASTRO-G
project. It has 9 m deployable antenna and is planned to observe in the 8, 22 and 43 GHz bands with cooled receivers for the two
higher bands. The baseline length of 30,000 km between the space and ground radio telescopes allows us to observe astronomical
object such as galaxies and stars and with a maximum angular resolution of about 40 micro-arcseconds at 43 GHz. ASTRO-G will
be launched by HIIA rocket, in 2012.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
J05.5 MOON-BASED ULTRA-LONG-WAVELENGTH RADIO ASTRONOMY: SCIENCE CASE AND TECHNOLOGY
OUTLOOK
H. Falcke, RU Nijmegen & ASTRON, Nijmegen, Netherlands; S. Jester, MPIA, Heidelberg, Germany
To escape ionospheric and interference limitations below 10-30 MHz, a lunar farside radio telescope is needed. We discuss
observability constraints of a lunar low-frequency radio telscope and present the science cases for a range of interferometer sizes.
An ambitious array is required to observe redshifted 21-cm hydrogen emission from the early Universe, carrying a wealth of
information about cosmological parameters, or to detect cyclotron bursts of exoplanets. Smaller arrays would allow surveys of
galaxy clusters and steep-spectrum radio galaxies, and use of the Moon as cosmic-ray and neutrino detector.
172
10:00
J05.6 THE DARK AGES LUNAR INTERFEROMETER
J. Lazio, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States
The Dark Ages lie between the genesis of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and the first stars. The Dark Ages Lunar
Interferometer is a telescope proposed to image neutral hydrogen absorption at redshifts z ~ 50 against the CMB, likely to be the
only detectable Dark Ages signal. The spectral nature of the hydrogen absorption allows the evolution of the Universe to be tracked,
thereby constraining cosmological parameters and revealing aspects of dark matter and potentially inflation. The DALI concept
builds on ground-based telescopes (the LWA and MWA) being composed of stations of dipoles, deployed via rovers.
10:20
J05.7 VLBI DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA AND ITS APPLICATIONS FOR CHINESE LUNAR PROBE PROJECT
CHANG'E-1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
4
1
S. Ye , X. Hong , X. Zhang , Z. Qian , D. Jiang , X. Hu , J. Ping , W. Zheng , C. Li , N. Wang , Y. Li , J. Li ,
1
1
1
2
3
4
1
1
1
1
1
G. Wang , F. Shu , Q. Fan , H. Zhang , Y. Aili , M. Wang , W. Wei , S. Liang , Z. Xue , X. Huang , Z. Chen ,
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
W. Wang , Y. Xiang , H. Yu , Y. Huang , B. Li , H. Li ; Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of
2
Sciences, Shanghai, China (CIE); National Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
3
(CIE); Urumqi Station, National Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China (CIE);
4
Yunnan Astronomical Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming,
China (CIE)
The paper will describe the current status of Chinese VLBI facilities, its applications for Chinese lunar probe project ChangE-1(CE-1),
and its developing plan in the future. Chinese VLBI Network (CVN) is consists of four VLBI stations located in Shanghai, Beijing,
Kunming, and Urumqi, respectively, and a data processing center in Shanghai. The CE-1 was successfully launched on Oct. 24,
2007 . The CVN was used as an important part of the Tracking, Telemetry and Control (TT&C) system of ChangE besides the
existing Chinese Space Tracking Network with the traditional Unified S-Band (USB) system.
10:40
End of the Session
173
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF EMF: IMAGING THE HUMAN RESPONSE
Session Chairs: Niels Kuster, Peter Achermann
Session
K02c
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus KL
08:00
K02c.1 PULSE-MODULATED RADIO FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AFFECT HUMAN BRAIN
PHYSIOLOGY
P. Achermann, S. Regel, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology / University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Electromagnetic fields (EMF), such as emitted by mobile phones, can alter brain physiology. We investigated the effects of GSM like
exposure on the electroencephalogram (EEG) during sleep and wakefulness, on waking regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), and on
cognitive performance. Exposure to EMF consistently increased spectral power in the spindle frequency range of the non-REM
sleep EEG and in the alpha range of the waking EEG. We observed a doseresponse relationship between EMF field intensity and
the magnitude of changes in the EEG. Relative rCBF was increased ipsilateral to the exposure side. Cognitive performance was
affected during exposure.
08:20
K02c.2 EFFECTS FROM 884 MHZ MOBILE PHONE RADIOFREQUENCY ON BRAIN ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY,
SLEEP, COGNITION, AND WELL-BEING
B. B. Arnetz, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States; L. Hillert, Karolinska Institutet,
Stockholm, Sweden; T. Kerstedt, A. Lowden, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; N. Kuster, S. Ebert,
C. Boutry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland; S. D. Moffat, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI,
United States; M. Berg, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; C. Wiholm, Uppsala University, Uppsala,
Sweden
There is an increasing interest as to possible health effects from the dramatic increase in the use of cell (mobile) phones. Of special
interest is whether radiofrequency fields emitted from mobile phones interfere with important neurobiological functions. We will
present novel laboratory-based, human data from double-blind exposure to 884 MHz radiofrequency exposure on brain
electrophysiology, sleep, cognitive function, and self-rated well-being. Results indicate statistically significant effects on prevalence
of headaches, restorative (deep) sleep, and cognitive functions. We will discuss plausible mechanisms that we hypothesize
contribute to these findings.
08:40
K02c.3 DO 2G AND 3G MOBILE PHONE EXPOSURES AFFECT WORKING MEMORY IN CHILDREN, ADULTS AND
ELDERLY?
1,2
1,2
2
1,2
2
2
1,2 1
R. J. Croft , R. J. McKenzie , S. Leung , S. Iskra , B. V. O'Neill , B. Y. Silber , S. P. Loughran ; Australian
2
Centre for Radiofrequency Bioeffects Research (ACRBR), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Swinburne University of
Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
The present study tested for effects of 2G and 3G mobile phone exposure on individually calibrated working memory performance,
in 38 children (13-15 years), 42 young adults (19-40 years) and 20 elderly (55-70 years) volunteers. A repeated-measures, doubleblind counterbalanced design was employed, testing participants on 3 separate days, with one of 3 exposures on each (2G, 3G,
Sham). Sham was more accurate than 3G for the children (F(1,37)=8.46, p=0.017), but not for young adults or elderly, and did not
differ from 2G for any age group.
09:00
K02c.4 INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN THE EFFECTS OF THE RADIOFREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
EMITTED BY MOBILE PHONES ON HUMAN SLEEP
1
2
3
1,2 1
S. P. Loughran , M. Jackson , M. E. Howard , R. J. Croft ; Australian Centre for Radiofrequency Bioeffects
2
Research (ACRBR), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
3
Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
We previously reported increased electroencephalogram (EEG) power in NREM sleep following exposure to radiofrequncy (RF)
electromagnetic fields (EMF). However, when assessed individually, exposure led to both increases and decreases in EEG power.
This study examined the possibility of inter-individual differences in RF EMF exposure effects by testing participants from our
original study. Results showed an overall increase in EEG power during sleep following exposure. Furthemore, those that increased
in the original study showed significantly more increase in EEG power than the decreasers. These results support previous findings
and provide strong evidence that RF EMF exposure may have differential effects.
174
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
K02c.5 EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOME OF HUMAN PROVOCATION STUDIES DEPEND ON THE DESIGN SPECIFICS
OF THE EXPOSURE SETUP
1,2
1,2
1,3
1,2
1 1
N. Kuster , M. Murbach , M. Christopoulou , S. Kuehn , A. Christ ; IT'IS Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland;
2
3
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland; National Technical University, Athens, Greece
The results reported in literature on the RF effects on brain activity are not always consistent. We investigated whether these
discrepancies result from the differences in the applied exposure systems (exposure duration, signal characteristics, induced fields
as a function of subfunctional brain regions and time of day of the exposure). We also illustrated how many early studies
insufficiently characterized the exposure by not providing the recommended minimal dosimetric quantities. Our objective was to
derive the optimal exposure parameters for future studies to further clarify the interactions of RF exposure on brain activity.
10:00
K02c.6 FUNCTIONAL IMAGING OF MAGNETIC FIELD THERAPY
1,2
1,2,3
2
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2,3 1
J. A. Robertson , J. Theberge , J. Weller , D. J. Drost , F. S. Prato , A. W. Thomas ; Lawson Health
2
3
Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; St. Joseph's Health
Care, London, ON, Canada
Specific pulsed magnetic fields have been shown to have an analgesic effect in snails, rodents, and humans. A functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) study has been designed to determine how these magnetic fields influence the neural processing of pain
in normal volunteers. Acute thermal pain was delivered to the dominant hand of 31 volunteers before and after a sham or pulsed
magnetic field exposure. Changes in activation were seen in the anterior and posterior cingulate areas. These results indicate that
the pulsed magnetic field affects the activation in central brain structures associated with the experience of pain.
10:20
K02c.7 THE ABILITY OF ULTRA WIDEBAND SIGNALS IN DETECTION OF THE SKIN TUMOR
M. A. A. Eldosoky, Faculty of Engineering Helwan university, Cairo, Egypt
Ultra-wideband radar for diagnosing and detection of the tumors in the human tissue has been developed for many years. this is due
to the high resolution and the ability of detection and diagnosing. Skin tumor is one of these tumors that UWB proved is ability to
detect it whatever their sizes and positions. this process minimizes the process of biopsy. This paper presents proposed model for
the skin fat and muscle. An inserted tumor will be detected by using UWB.
10:40
End of the Session
175
GENERAL LECTURE 3: WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS: 2020
Session
L3
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Crystal Ballroom
11:00
L3.1 WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS: 2020
W. T. Webb, Ofcom, London, United Kingdom
There are no shortages of predictions as to what the mobile phone, or communicator device, will be capable of in the future. Many of
these centre around the phone becoming a personal butler or remote control on life and guiding an individual through an
increasingly frenetic and complex world with ease and intelligence. But we have had these predictions with us for over a decade. Is
now the time that they really will emerge or will wireless communications twenty years from now look much like it does today? The
predictions reported in this paper are based on a more detailed book published in 2007 [1].
12:00
End of the Session
176
ANTENNA CHARACTERISATION
Session Chair: Quirino Balzano
Session
A04
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus IJ
13:40
A04.1 RADIATION AND SWITCHABLE CHARACTERISTIC OF A MICROSTRIP ANTENNA WITH HALL-EFFECTED
DOPED SEMICONDUCTOR SUBSTRATE
N. K. Saxena, Agra College Agra, Agra, India
Radiation characteristic of a tunable or switchable microstrip planar array of rectangular patch antenna printed on doped (n-type)
semiconductor substrate with a magnetic bias field perpendicular to the electric field of the patch are described. The magnetic bias
field apply to the doped semiconductor substrate makes the situation of Hall-effect which provide resistance or normal situation to
the working of antenna. Now if we stop the magnetic biasing, the Hall-effect is removed and the extrinsic characteristic of doped
substrate is reappear, then the propagation between patch and ground is shorted and the antenna stop the working.
14:00
A04.2 ON THE RADIATIONS FROM MICROMACHINED PATCH ANTENNAS
P. K. S. Pourush, Agra College Agra, Agra, India
This paper reports a comparative study of regular and micromachined rectangular patch antenna at 3 GHz in L-band of microwave
frequency range. Bandwidth, input impedance, total resistance and gain of these antennas have been computed for low and high
dielectric substrate. The results are quite encouraging.
14:20
A04.3 A NOVEL PORTABLE NEAR-FIELD MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR MILLIMETER-WAVE ANTENNAS:
CONSTRUCTION, DEVELOPMENT, AND VERIFICATION
T. J. Brockett, Y. Rahmat-Samii, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
Compact millimeter-wave antenna designs have been the focus of much research in recent years. These compact designs and the
expensive RF hardware required for characterization makes many large antenna ranges unsuitable for efficient characterization.
Modification for high frequency is difficult as large positional and RF equipment are not easily changed. To mitigate these difficulties,
a custom portable and cost-effective millimeter-wave antenna measurement system is introduced. The system development, from
the scanner design and implementation, the custom system software, the post-processing options including phase-less
measurements, and the measurement of a Ka-Band horn, is presented.
14:40
A04.4 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ACTIVE, INVERTED, CONICAL SINUOUS ANTENNA
R. S. Gawande, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States; R. F. Bradley, National Radio Astronomy
Observatory, Charlottesville, VA, United States
An inverted, conical sinuous feed over the 0.53 GHz band is developed. The sinuous pattern is projected onto a 45 degree cone and
a ground plane is placed directly behind the apex. This inverted, conical geometry assures wide bandwidth operation by locating
each sinuous resonator a quarter wavelength above the ground plane. A Low noise amplifier with Zopt close to antenna impedance
was developed and mounted directly to the feed terminals. Antenna is characterized as an integrated unit combining feed and
amplifier. Important parameters such as return loss, power pattern including cross-pol and system noise are presented.
15:00
A04.5 ON THE MEAN EFFECTIVE GAIN EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF THE SPHERICAL VECTOR WAVE
EXPANSION OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD
1
1,2
1
1
1 1
A. Alayon-Glazunov , A. F. Molisch , M. Gustafsson , F. Tufvesson , G. Kristensson ; Lund University, Lund,
2
Sweden; Mitsubishi Electric Research Labs, Cambridge, USA
The mode expansion offers a general framework for the analysis of the interaction between antennas and propagation channels. In
this paper, the Mean Effective Gain (MEG) of an antenna is expressed in terms of the spherical vector wave expansion of the
electromagnetic field. An explicit expression of the MEG is provided as a function of the normalized average power of modes excited
in the propagation channel and the correlation between the channel modes due to the polarization and spatial selectivity of plane
waves impinging at the antenna.
177
15:20
A04.6 INFLUENCE OF TURNTABLE ORIENTATION ON AUTOMOTIVE ANTENNA PATTERN MEASUREMENTS
C. Ullrich, U. Siart, P. Russer, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
The article shows the influence of finite ground planes surrounding the turntable in automotive antenna measurement ranges. It is
shown that the orientation of the non-symmetrical ground plane in relation to the vehicle has a severe effect on the measured
radiation patterns and therefore has to be included in computer simulations.
15:40
Tea/Coffee Break
16:00
A04.7 DEVELOPMENT OF A FLEXIBLE ELECTRICALLY SCANNED ARRAY USING A ROTMAN LENS
T. K. Anthony, S. J. Weiss, Army Reseach Lab, Adelphi, MD, United States
Electrically scanned arrays that lend themselves to conformal integration with Army platforms (while remaining affordable) are of
special interest to Army applications. For these reasons, Rotman Lens beamformers are of particular interest and have been a topic
of active Army investigation [1-2]. Building on the cited earlier work, switches for an electrically scanned array (ESA) were integrated
into the beamforming array design. The switch integration issues and measured results are discussed here.
16:20
End of the Session
178
ANTENNAS AND ARRAYS
Session Chairs: H. Nakano, Richard W. Ziolkowski
Session
B04
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand B
13:40
B04.1 ANTENNA ARRAY DESIGNS WITH ADVANCED BEAM STEERING CAPABILITIES
M. F. Iskander, N. Celik, J. M. Bell, Z. Yun, University of Hawaii, Honolulu,HI, United States
Two new antenna array designs with advanced beam steering capabilities are described. The first is based on an integrated design
using Ferroelectric and Continuous Transverse Stub (CTS) technologies, while the other is based on a hybrid smart antenna
approach that combines the desired features from both the adaptive and switched beam approaches. The complementary features
of these two analog and digital beamforming designs are also discussed. In addition, an ultra wideband and low profile ground plane
design for ultra-wideband radar applications will be described. In all cases, simulation results will be presented and compared with
experimental data, when available.
14:00
B04.2 INJECTION MOLDED MILLIMETER-WAVE HORN ARRAY ANTENNA
Y. Aramaki, H. Uchida, N. Yoneda, I. Naito, H. Miyashita, Y. Konishi, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Kamakura,
Kanagawa, Japan
This paper shows injection molded millimeter-wave horn array antenna for the 1-dimensional APAA. The antenna is composed of
horn antennas, grooved circular waveguide polarizers, E-plane T-junctions, and E-plane bends employing dielectric waveguides.
This structure realizes the mass-productivity and cost reduction of waveguide antennas in the millimeter wave-band. A fabricated
dielectric waveguide has realized low transmission loss, that is, about 0.1dB/cm. A horn array antenna fabricated with the aid of the
design techniques has realized excellent performance with small and light weight.
14:20
B04.3 SINGLE-LAYER MULTI-BAND CIRCULARLY POLARIZED REFLECTARRAY ANTENNA: CONCEPT, DESIGN,
AND MEASUREMENT
F. Yang, A. Yu, A. Elsherbeni, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, United States; J. Huang, Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United Sstates
This paper presents a single layer multi-band reflectarray antenna with circular polarization. The antenna geometry and operation
principles are described. The reflectarray design procedure, including antenna elements and offset feed, is illustrated in details. An
X band reflectarray prototype is fabricated and measured in the near field system, which realizes a 30.4 dB gain, 53.7% efficiency,
and a 6% bandwidth.
14:40
B04.4 BROADBAND DOA ESTIMATION USING REALISTIC ANTENNA ARRAYS
R. Fernandez-Recio, T. K. Sarkar, SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, Syracuse, NY, United States; L. E. Garcia-Castillo,
M. Salazar, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
The objective is to perform DOA estimation of signals operating at different frequencies using realistic antenna arrays and not using
idealistic omni-directional point sources which do not have wideband properties. In a DOA estimation problem it is often assumed
that all the signals are arriving at the antenna array at the same known frequency. This paper presents an extension of the Matrix
Pencil (MP) method to simultaneously estimate the DOA along with the operating frequency of each of the signals. This novel
approach involves pole estimation of the voltages that are induced in a three-dimensional antenna array.
15:00
B04.5 UNBALANCED-EXCITATION SPIRAL ANTENNA
H. Nakano, T. Igarashi, R. Suzuki, Y. Yamauchi, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan
This paper describes a two-arm unbalanced-excitation spiral antenna, where one arm is fed by the inner conductor of a coaxial line
and the other is short-circuited to a conducting cavity that backs the spiral. Analysis is performed over a frequency range of 1 GHz
to 10 GHz. The input resistance for the unbalanced-excitation spiral is smaller than that for the corresponding balanced-excitation
spiral. The radiation is circularly polarized within the analysis frequency range. The unbalanced-excitation spiral exhibits a frequency
response for the gain that is similar to that of the balanced-excitation spiral.
179
15:20
B04.6 POLAR DESIGN AND MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC BANDGAP STRUCTURES
C. B. Mulenga, J. A. Flint, A. Chauraya, J. C. Vardaxoglou, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United
Kingdom
A design technique is proposed for EBG structures based on polar curves and mapping functions. This concept allows increased
capacitance without increasing element dimensions or thickness making it possible to increase or decrease the surface impedance
on a per cell unit basis. Secondly, we report on a repeatable measurement technique for characterising the bandgap properties of
EBG structures using an air spaced microstrip line. The device constructed is simple, economical, robust and capable of quantifying
the properties of a wide range of EBG materials. The measurement technique is particularly applicable to fabric based EBG
materials where measurements are especially challenging.
15:40
Tea/Coffee Break
16:00
B04.7 RECENT ADVANCES IN METAMATERIAL ANTENNAS
C. Caloz, cole Polytechniqu de Montral, Montral, QC, Canada
Some recent advances done by the author and his collaborators in the field of antennas and antenna arrays are presented. These
include: multiband systems, an infinite-wavelength antenna array series feeding network, a true time delay system allowing beam
squint free scanning, a pencil-beam full-space scanning array, a beam-forming system based on active aperture discretization, a
MIMO dynamic radiation pattern diversity transmitter, and a radiative real-time spectrogram analyzer and demultiplexer.
16:20
B04.8 ANTENNAS AND RF COMPONENTS USING DISPERSION ENGINEERED COUPLED MICROSTRIP
TRANSMISSION LINES
J. L. Volakis, K. Sertel, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
We present a small printed antenna design based on the emulation of degenerate band edge dispersion using a simple printed
partially coupled transmission line pair unit cell geometry. The same topology, when printed on ferromagnetic substrates, is shown
to emulate the stationary inflection point in the dispersion that supports frozen modes. Furthermore, we present a thee-way partially
coupled topology that supports stationary inflection points for both propagation directions in its dispersion.
16:40
B04.9 FROM METAMATERIAL-BASED TO METAMATERIAL-INSPIRED MINIATURIZED ANTENNAS: A POSSIBLE
PROCEDURE AND SOME EXAMPLES
F. Bilotti, L. Vegni, University ROMA TRE, Rome, Italy
A procedure to go from metamaterial-based to metamaterial-inspired miniaturized antennas is presented. The main issues
encountered when going from the first to the second kind of antennas are discussed. The first issue concerns the anisotropy of the
inclusions, which is not usually considered in the analysis of metamaterial-based antennas. The second issue is related to the
dimensions of the inclusions, which should be much smaller than the wavelength. The third issue is related to the definition of the
constitutive parameters of the sample made of an arrangement of inclusions. Solutions to all these three issues are proposed.
17:00
B04.10 USING METAMATERIAL CONSTRUCTS TO MODIFY THE PERFORMANCE OF ANTENNA SYSTEMS
R. W. Ziolkowski, P. Jin, C.-C. Lin, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
Electrically small antennas (ESAs) are a critical enabling technology for many wireless applications. The usually incompatible
demands for electrically small, efficient, and broad bandwidth systems becomes further acerbated by practical demands of low
weight, low cost, and easy manufacturing. A variety of metamaterial-based and metamaterial-inspired designs have been achieved
that meet many of these demands from the VHF and UHF bands to millimeter-wave frequencies. These designs, their fabrication
and experimental validation will be reviewed.
17:20
End of the Session
180
FORUM ON RADIO SCIENCE AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Session Chair: Gert Brussaard
Session
C00
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus GH
13:40
C00.1 ULTRAWIDEBAND COMMUNICATIONS - AN OVERVIEW
1,2 1
2
A. F. Molisch ; Mitsubishi Electric Research Labs, Cambridge, MA, United States; Lund University, Lund, Sweden
This paper presents an overview of ultrawideband (UWB) communications systems, i.e., systems with very large relative and/or
absolute bandwidth. The large bandwidth and low power spectral density mandated for UWB systems allows to use them as overlay
over existing (legacy) systems, i.e., they can be used in the same frequency range as existing systems without causing undue
interference. We also describe the most common types of UWB systems, including time-hopping impulse radio, frequency hopping,
and multiband-OFDM. We furthermore discuss interference aspects and the peculiarities of UWB propagation channels.
14:20
C00.2 NEEDS, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON SOFTWARE DEFINED COGNITIVE RADIO TECHNOLOGY
H. Harada, National Instiute of Information and Communication Technology (NICT), Yokosuka, Japan
This presentation summarizes the cognitive radio needs on the basis of latest Japanese frequency allocation environment. To
realize the technology, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) and a Japanese operator and
some manufacturers have a project supported by Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) to research and develop
enabling technologies on cognitive radio/dynamic spectrum access equipments. This presentation also shows the objectives, the
network image, and the results of the project. Finally this presentation will address the further research and development topic in
order to realize cognitive/dynamic spectrum access based communication systems.
15:00
C00.3 INTERFERENCE MANAGEMENT: NOVEL METHODS TO PROTECT COMMUNICATION AND REMOTE
SENSING SYSTEM INTEGRITY AND REGULATE SPECTRUM USAGE IN A DYNAMIC AND FLEXIBLE MANNER,
WHILE CATERING FOR ULTRA-WIDEBAND AND INTELLIGENT RADIO SYSTEMS
L. Jeanty, Radiocommunications Agency the Netherlands, Groningen, Netherlands
The presentation will investigate the current developments in spectrum management from a regulatory point of view. The urge to
change the current regulatory way of working is felt by everyone at all levels of the regulatory process.
15:40
Tea/Coffee Break
16:00
C00.4 HEALTH ASPECTS OF THE PROLIFERATION OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS IN A DEREGULATED
ARENA
N. Kuster, IT'IS Foundation, ETHZ, Zrich, Switzerland
16:40
C00.5 FORUM DISCUSSION
G. Brussaard
17:20
End of the Session
181
MODELING OF HIGH FREQUENCY DEVICES AND CIRCUITS
Session Chair: Samir M. El-Ghazaly
Session
D05
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus AB
13:40
D05.1 NETWORK ORIENTED MODELING OF THE ONE-PORT ANTENNA STRUCTURE
T. Shevgunov, A. Baev, Y. Kuznetsov, Moscow Aviation Institute (State Technical University), Moscow, Russian
Federation; P. Russer, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
The application of network oriented methods for passive microwave structures simulation allows one to construct compact model of
the circuits and leads to the reduction of the computational efforts. Splitting the simulation results into two parts representing a
lumped element model and distributed parameters model can be provide using poles stability criterion. The system identification
procedure has been applied to the estimation of the lumped element model parameters. The lumped element network realization for
the input impedance of the planar patch antenna is presented as the demonstration of proposed technique.
14:00
D05.2 COMPUTER-AIDED INVESTIGATION OF MEMS-RECONFIGURABLE MICROSTRIP ANTENNA BEHAVIOUR
F. Donzelli, V. Rizzoli, D. Masotti, F. Mastri, A. Costanzo, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
The paper discusses a rigorous nonlinear/electromagnetic approach to the simulation of reconfigurable antennas operated by
MEMS switches. The patch is characterized as a linear multiport network by electromagnetic analysis. The MEMS are described as
lumped nonlinear components through their electromechanical equations. A rigorous analysis of the entire nonlinear (sub)system
behaviour is then performed by the harmonic balance technique combined with a numerical implementation of bifurcation theory.
This allows an accurate investigation of the stability pattern of the antenna including switching transient and dependence on MEMS
positions.
14:20
D05.3 CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDANCE OF MICROSTRIP-LIKE INTERCONNECTIONS GUARDED BY GROUND
TRACKS
R. Sharma, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Waknaghat, Solan, HP,
India; T. Chakravarty, Tata Consultancy Services, Bangalore, KA, India; A. B. Bhattacharyya, Jaypee Institute of
Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
Grounded guard tracks placed adjacent to transmission line interconnects can change their impedance significantly. We report
closed-form expressions for line capacitance and impedance of transmission line interconnects with adjacent guard tracks. Results
are validated by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations and measurements. The proposed results can have significant
impact on the analysis of coupled interconnect lines, where the use of these grounded tracks is a common design practice.
14:40
D05.4 A THEOREM FOR THE PROPERTIES OF SOME CLASSES OF REAL NUMBERS, CONNECTED WITH THE
ZEROS OF COMPLEX KUMMER FUNCTION AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE THEORY OF CIRCULAR FERRITE
WAVEGUIDES WITH AZIMUTHAL MAGNETIZATION
G. N. Georgiev, M. N. Georgieva-Grosse, University of Veliko Tirnovo, Veliko Tirnovo, Bulgaria
Classes of real numbers are defined through the zeros of complex Kummer function of specially chosen parameters. Using the
expansion of function in power series, a theorem is authenticated numerically which reveals the existence of a connection between
the numbers, as well as of recurrence relations, formulae for symmetry and coherence with the Ludolphian number for some of them.
The simple technique presented for estimation of the differential phase shift, produced by the azimuthally magnetized circular ferrite
waveguide that sustains the first mode of the normal rotationally symmetric TE set of fields, demonstrates the benefit of the theorem.
15:00
D05.5 DESIGN OF COMPACT AND MINIATURIZED BAND-PASS FILTERS IN COPLANAR WAVEGUIDE (CPW)
TECHNOLOGY
P. J. Marraccini, N. Behdad, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
A new technique for designing compact, band-pass filters of arbitrary orders is presented in this paper. The proposed approach is
based on the design and optimization of a second order band-pass filter, which acts as the unit cell of a higher order filter. To create
a narrower band-pass filter the unit cell is capacitively coupled to the circuit. This mechanism provides a simple method of
controlling the bandwidth and frequency response of the filter. Two different cascading topologies are used to achieve filters with
either even (N = 2, 4, ) or arbitrary orders (N=2, 3, 4, ).
182
15:20
D05.6 SLOW-WAVE RAIL COPLANAR STRIP (R-CPS) LINE WITH LOW IMPEDANCE CAPABILITY
N. Yang, C. Caloz, K. Wu, Ecole Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Canada
The coplanar stripline (CPS) offers the advantage of uniplanarity. However, the CPS suffers from the drawback of relatively high
impedance, which makes it impractical for several components and even for a simple 50-ohm line when the substrate is very thin.
This paper proposes a novel CPS geometry with a rail configuration, the rail CPS(R-CPS) line, incorporating periodic strip loads
over the back plane, to solve this problem. At the same time, this structure exhibits a slow-wave property, which can reduce the
circuit size. Complex characteristic impedance and phase constant of the proposed transmission line are characterized.
15:40
Tea/Coffee Break
16:00
D05.7 ON THE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND OPTIMUM DESIGN OF SI(1-Y)GE(Y)/SI MULTIPLE QUANTUM
WELL RESONANT CAVITY ENHANCED P-I-N PHOTODETECTOR
M. K. Das, N. R. Das, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
In this paper, the effect of Ge-content on the bandwidth and quantum efficiency of a Si1-yGey/Si resonant cavity enhanced
photodetector has been investigated. The effects of SiGe parameters with variation of Ge-content and carrier trapping at the Si/SiGe
hetero-interface have been considered. The results show that the maximum bandwidth-quantum efficiency product can be obtained
by suitably controlling Ge-content, bias and other device parameters.
16:20
End of the Session
183
TUTORIAL E – REVERBERATION CHAMBERS
Session Chair: Flavio Canavero
Session
ET
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus CD
13:40
ET.1 AN INTRODUCTION TO REVERBERATION CHAMBERS
J. Ladbury, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, United States
This talk will begin with a basic introduction to reverberation chamberswhat they are and how they work. We will then present some
rudimentary theory, including both electromagnetic and statistical theory. The remainder of the session will be spent discussing new
and existing applications, and methods for adapting existing tests and standards for use with reverberation chambers.
14:40
End of the Session
184
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES FOR EMC COMPLIANCE
Session Chairs: Paolo Corona, Johan Catrysse
Session
E08
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus CD
14:40
E08.1 ALTERNATIVE METHODOLOGIES FOR THE CONDUCTED EMISSION MEASUREMENT OF LARGE
MACHINES
J. A. Catrysse, KHBO, oostende, Belgium
On the legal aspect, the new European Directive on ElectroMagnetic Compatibility 2004/108/EC concerns also large machines. On
a technical point of view, the special situation to characterise the EMC behaviour of large machines imply that current procedures
are complex and very expensive, and in some cases even not possible. Adapted measuring methodologies and procedures are
needed. As a response to this situation and within the European R&D Frameworks, the TEMCA2 project aimed to develop new and
adapted methodologies for the assessment of EMC related to this type of industrial large machinery.
15:00
E08.2 ALTERNATIVE METHODOLOGY FOR THE RADIATED EMISSION MEASUREMENT OF LARGE MACHINES
On the legal aspect, the new European Directive on ElectroMagnetic Compatibility 2004/108/EC concerns also large machines. The
conformity assessment procedure in that case should be clarified and which standards should be applied and how. On a technical
point of view, the special situation to characterise the EMC behaviour of large machines imply that current procedures are complex
and very expensive, and in some cases even not possible. Adapted measuring methodologies and procedures are needed. As a
response to this situation the TEMCA2 project aimed to develop adapted methodologies for the assessment of EMC related to large
machinery.
15:20
E08.3 EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF ROOM PARAMETERS, SIGNAL DISTORTION AND INTERFERENCE
FOR INDOOR UWB COMMUNICATIONS
L. R. Arnaut, T. H. Loh, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, United Kingdom
We report on signal distortion and room characteristics for UWB signals inside an office environment between 500 MHz and 3 GHz,
for fields sampled across a scanned volume inside the room. The quality factor and input impedance of the room are deduced
experimentally. A measure for signal distortion caused by the room and antenna mismatch is given. The distortion of a synthesized
UWB signal is calculated based on the measured set of S-parameters. A signal-to-interference ratio for adjacent bands is defined
and calculated from the measured data.
15:40
Tea/Coffee Break
16:00
E08.4 ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A LOADED GTEM CELL USING TLM SIMULATION
X. T. Ngu, A. Nothofer, D. W. Thomas, C. Christopoulos, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
The characteristics of a GTEM cell are affected by loading as any radiating system. Loading a GTEM cell with an EUT is already
known to cause problems to the performance of the GTEM but the extent of these problems has not been fully reported. This paper
provides an insight into the performance of a loaded cell in terms of the characteristic impedance of the GTEM cell and also the
vertical electric field which is the most important electric field in the EMC test in a GTEM cell. In this work, time-domain simulation
using the Transmission Line Model was used.
16:20
E08.5 A ROADMAP FOR CHARACTERIZING BPL MODEMS WITH RESPECT TO EMC: PART A: GENERAL
CONCEPT
By the introduction of BPL in order create a network for datacommunication, the problem raises about the interference with the
established radio services in the frequency range from 1.6 upto 30 MHz. Normally, it is assumed that similar protection levels should
be defined as per CISPR 22. But the problem is that a BPL modem is conceived to generate Differential Mode (DM) signals, and
that measuring methods as per CISPR 22 were defined to measure Common Mode (CM) signals forthcoming from equipment.
Therefore, specific measuring and test environments must be defined for the characterization of BPL modems.
185
16:40
E08.6 A ROADMAP FOR CHARACTERIZING BPL MODEMS WITH RESPECT TO EMC: PART B: POWER MAINS
PARAMETERS
By the introduction of BPL in order create a network for datacommunication, the problem raises about the interference with the
established radio services in the frequency range from 1.6 upto 30 MHz. In a first part A of this paper, general considerations about
the roadmap to characterise BPL modems with respect to EMC have been discussed. In this part B, specific measuring
methodologies to characterize the appropriate parameters of an average Power Mains Network (PMN) will be discussed.
17:00
E08.7 PASSIVE INTERMODULATION DISTORTION IN MICROWAVE NETWORKS FROM COAXIAL CONNECTORS
J. Henrie, A. Christianson, W. J. Chappell, purdue university, West Lafayette, IN, United States
Coaxial connectors are frequently the dominant contributors to passive intermodulation distortion in high-frequency networks. This
paper reports on recent progress regarding modeling passive intermodulation in microwave networks. In particular we report on the
excellent accuracy attained using a method of modeling the effect of multiple point sources of passive intermodulation as applied to
coaxial connectors. In addition, we demonstrate that the inclusion of ferromagnetic metals in low-passive intermodulation connectors
does not necessarily degrade the nonlinear performance of the connector, in contrast to many published low passive
intermodulation design guidelines.
17:20
End of the Session
186
REMOTE SENSING OF THE ATMOSPHERE: TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY AND NON-PRECIPITATING CLOUDS
Session Chairs: Steven Reising, Ed Westwater
Session
F07
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus EF
13:40
F07.1 GPS TOMOGRAPHY AND RADAR REFLECTIVITY RECONSTRUCTION FAST ALGORITHM.
M. Reverdy, J. Van Baelen, Laboratoire de Meteorologie Physique, Clermont Ferrand, France; A. Walpersdorf,
Laboratoire de Geophysique interne et Tectonophysique, Grenoble, France; B. Boudevillain, Laboratoire detude des
transferts en hydrologie et environnement, Grenoble, France
Since the early 90s, water vapor can be studied using Global Position System. We have developed, tested and validated a new
software based on GPS tomography in order to retrieve the 3 dimensional field of water vapor density. In addition, we have
developed two fast reflectivity interpolation algorithms. Those algorithms allow us to reconstruct reflectivity maps where data are
damaged due to different effects such as radar pre-processing. Thus with both GPS and radar results, we expect to better
understand the wet convergence, the precursor stages of heavy precipitations and the water vapor distribution in some cloud
system.
14:00
F07.2 3-D WATER VAPOR RETRIEVAL USING A REMOTE SENSING NETWORK OF SCANNING COMPACT
MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS
1
1
2
3
1 1
S. C. Reising , S. Padmanabhan , J. Vivekanandan , F. Iturbide-Sanchez , W. W. Foster ; Colorado State
2
University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States;
3
NOAA/NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD, United States
Quantitative precipitation forecasting is currently limited by the paucity of observations of thermodynamic variables in the
troposphere. In specific, 3-D water vapor measurements are needed at sub-meso-gamma scales in pre-storm conditions.
Measurements from a ground-based network of coordinated, scanning microwave radiometers are expected to provide 0.5-1 km
resolution both vertically and horizontally with better than 15-minute temporal sampling. In such a remote sensor network,
radiometer measurements of the same volume from multiple perspectives will be combined using tomographic inversion to retrieve
the 3-D water vapor field as a function of time.
14:20
F07.3 HIGH-RESOLUTION VOLUME IMAGIN OF THE ATMOSPHERE WITH MULTIPLE-FREQUENCY MULTIPLESUBARRAY MST RADAR
K. Nishimura, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Japan., Tokyo, Japan; T. Sato, Kyoto University,
Kyoto, Japan
A high-resolution 3-dimensional imagin method is introduced on the adaptive arrray basis. By taking advantages of multiple
subarrays and multiple-frequencies, our method enables us to observe the structure of the scattering field in the atmosphere smaller
than the scale of transmission pulses. We present a time series of 3D images of the scattering field observed by the MU radar,
Japan.
14:40
F07.4 AN ATTEMPT TO MEASURE ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE STRUCTURE PARAMETER AND RADIO
REFRACTIVE INDEX STRUCTURE PARAMETER USING AN ACOUSTIC WIND PROFILER
M. Bahl, R. M. Khanna, B. Gupta, D. Singh, S. C. Garg, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
Remote measurement of atmospheric winds is frequently made using acoustic waves (in boundary layer), and radio waves (in the
troposphere and beyond). These two methodologies use respective turbulence in temperature and radio refractive index as tracers
(that ride on winds) to receive signals that make possible Doppler extraction of wind velocities. These two turbulences are
expressed in terms of temperature structure parameter and radio refractive index structure parameter . In the present study an
attempt has been made to determine the strength of these two parameters using an acoustic wind profiler in height range of 70 m
and 250 m.
15:00
F07.5 BEHAVIOR OF TEMPERATURE STRUCTURE PARAMETER IN THE LOWER ABL AT A TROPICAL STATION
S. K. Muppa, V. K. Anandan, national atmospheric research laboratory, Andhra pradesh, India
The intensity of acoustic backscatter from Doppler SODAR at Gadanki (13.5°N 79.2°E ) is used to compute the profiles of
temperature structure parameter (C2T). The variations in C2T behavior during convective and stable conditions were examined from
January-December 2007. A magnitude of order 2-3 is observed high in convective conditions than stable. Firstly, it is due to raise in
plume height where high convection takes place so large values of C2T are reported. Secondly, due to generation of mechanical
turbulence in mixed layer along with buoyancy driven turbulence. Drainage winds from complex terrain also affected C2T.
187
15:20
F07.6 STUDY OF AEROSOL BLACK CARBON DURING DIFFERENT WEATHER CONDITIONS OVER DELHI
T. Bano, S. Singh, R. K. Roshan, K. Soni, R. S. Tanwar, S. Nath, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
In this paper we studied the Black carbon concentration for foggy, rainy, dusty and clear days. The BC concentration shows
pronounced variations with weather changes. The annual average BC concentration for foggy days concentrations were maximum
while the clear days were minimum. Followed by foggy days, rainy days show the higher BC concentration. The BC concentration
shows strong anti-correlation with the mixing layer height measured simultaneously using an acoustic SODAR. Stronger anticorrelation was found with the ventilation coefficients. The effect of BC aerosols over Radiative forcing has also been estimated
using OPAC and SBDART model
15:40
Tea/Coffee Break
16:00
F07.7 GPRS-BASED REMOTE SENSING SYSTEM FOR HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE USING COOLRUNNER-2
CPLD
W. M. El-Medany, University Of Bahrain, Sakhier, Bahrain
This paper presents the design and implementation of a remote sensing system for humidity and temperature in real time. The
design based on using GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) network for remote monitoring and Xilinx CoolRunner-2 CPLD for the
hardware design of the controller circuit. The design has been described using VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) and
tested in hardware using FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), and GSM (Global System for Mobile) network for remote sensing.
This system offers a complete, low cost, powerful and user friendly way of real-time monitoring for crop and soil status in
greenhouses.
16:20
F07.8 INTER-ANNUAL VARIABILITY OF WATER VAPOR AND ITS RELATION WITH FOG FORMATION OVER THE
INDO-GANGETIC PLAINS
A. K. Prasad, R. P. Singh, M. Kafatos, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States; W. K. KM. Lau, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, United States
The Indo-Gangetic plains experience prolonged and widespread heat waves and dust storms during the summer season (AprilJune), uneven rainfall distribution during monsoon (July-October) season and dense fog and haze during the winter (DecemberJanuary) season. Earlier studies have mostly focused on aerosols and gaseous pollutants together with meteorological conditions to
study the cause and patterns of the fog formation. Analysis of satellite (MODIS) and GPS derived column water vapor along with
seasonal land surface and air temperature (MODIS, NCEP), relative humidity (AIRS, NCEP), and wind explains large inter-annual
fluctuations in the fog formation and heat waves.
16:40
End of the Session
188
RADAR STUDIES II
Session
G05b
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand E
08:00
G05c.1 INTERACTION OF A HIGH POWER UHF BEAM WITH THE IONOSPHERE
M. C. Kelley, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; W. J. Peria, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United
States
In 1992 a rocket was launched into a high power radiobeam to study its interaction with the ionosphere. Fortuitously, the rocket
passed quite close to the diagnostic Arecibo UHF (430 MHz) radar beam and, remarkably, there was an interaction with the UHF
beam as well. The energy density of the UHF radar was more than an order of magnitude higher than the plasma energy density,
and the associated ponderomotive force is large. A drift wave instability is likely to create the heated ions we observe. These results
suggest that a solar power satellite will interact with the ionosphere.
14:00
G05b.2 MODELING THE INCOHERENT SCATTER RADAR SPECTRUM PERPENDICULAR TO B AND ESTIMATION
OF F-REGION PLASMA PARAMETERS AT JICAMARCA
E. Kudeki, M. Milla, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
Accurate incoherent scatter (IS) F-region plasma drifts are conducted at Jicamarca using antenna beams pointing perpendicular to
B. Such measurements are possible because the IS spectrum narrows down at small magnetic aspect angles. In fact measured
spectra are narrower than theoretical predictions based on collisionless models and the need for including Coulomb collisions for
realistic fits was recognized only recently. We present a collisional F-region model valid for propagation angles perpendicular to B
and the application of the model in fitting Jicamarca spectral data in temperature and density estimations.
14:20
G05b.3 FULL PROFILE INCOHERENT SCATTER ANALYSIS AT JICAMARCA
D. L. Hysell, F. S. Rodrigues, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; J. L. Chau, Radio Observatorio de
Jicamarca, Lima, Peru; J. D. Huba, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States
Incoherent scatter data from a long-pulse/double-pulse experiment at Jicamarca are analyzed using a full-profile analysis, whereby
plasma density, temperatures, and light-ion composition profiles are estimated simultaneously in the topside. Such an analysis is
crucial at Jicamarca, where the correlation time of the incoherent scatter signal invalidates conventional gated analysis. Results
from experiments in 2006 and 2007 are presented and compared with results from the NRL ionospheric model SAMI2. The analysis
provides the first comprehensive assessment of ionospheric conditions over Jicamarca at sunrise as well as the first 24-hour record
of helium ion layers.
14:40
G05b.4 ZONAL ASYMMETRY OF DAYTIME E-REGION AND 150-KM ECHOES OBSERVED BY EQUATORIAL
ATMOSPHERE RADAR IN INDONESIA
1
2
3
4
1 1
T. Yokoyama , A. K. Patra , Y. Otsuka , M. Yamamoto , D. L. Hysell ; Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States;
2
3
4
National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Tirupati, India; Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Kyoto University, Uji,
Japan
The 47-MHz Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR) in West Sumatra, Indonesia (0.20S, 100.32E, -10.14 dip latitude) has the unique
capability of rapid beam scanning on a pulse-to-pulse basis. We conducted an experiment for daytime E-region and 150-km echoes
with EAR by using eight radar beams with azimuth angles from 135 to 240 degrees (every 15 degrees). Although the strength of
echoes below 100 km are uniform among these beams, the upper E-region echoes show strong zonal asymmetry; stronger echoes
in the east beams which is opposite to the results in equatorial regions.
15:00
G05b.5 IMPROVED ASPECT SENSITIVITY MEASUREMENTS OF 150KM ECHOES ABOVE JICAMARCA WITH A
NEW ANTENNA CONFIGURATION
H. Pinedo, J. Chau, Jicamarca Radio Observatory, Lima, Peru; C. La Hoz, V. Belyey, University of Troms, Troms,
Norway
The aspect sensitivity radar measurements of the equatorial ionosphere, have shown that the aspect angles get smaller as the
altitude increases. Using standard modules at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory researchers have been able to determine upper
limit values, particularly in regions above 120 kms. In the case of so-called 150km echoes the measured values are between 0.0039
and 0.006. In this work, we present results using a new antenna module that allows a baseline 57 wavelengths longer than the
previous experiments. In addition, we expect to determine if there is structure and inclination along the magnetic field.
189
15:20
G05b.6 ON EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF INCOHERENT SCATTER THEORY INCLUDING MAGNETIC FIELD
1
2
3
1 1
2
A. N. Bhatt , M. J. Nicolls , M. P. Sulzer , M. C. Kelley ; Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States; SRI
3
International, Menlo Park, California, United States; National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center, Arecibo, Puerto Rico,
United States
Recent wide bandwidth experiments at the Arecibo incoherent scatter (IS) radar have resulted in intriguing observations of the
plasma and the gyro lines. We present two observations with the supporting theory - (1) when the plasma frequency equals the local
electron gyro frequency, the plasma line splits into two resonance lines; and (2) the gyro line frequency is highly sensitive to the
electron density during low electron density and temperature conditions, thus allowing us to measure absolute electron density.
These behaviors had been predicted in the early days of IS theory including magnetic field, but have only recently been verified
experimentally.
15:40
Tea/Coffee Break
16:00
G05b.7 POLARDARN INVESTIGATIONS OF THE HIGH LATITUDE IONOSPHERE.
J.-P. St-Maurice, G. Sofko, R. K. Choudhary, K. McWilliams, A. Koustov, Institute of Space and Atmospheric
Sciences, U of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
A new SuperDARN radar at Rankin Inlet started operations in May 2006 to study very high latitude ionospheric convection. In spite
of very quiet solar conditions the radar has observed echoes on a regular basis over the polar cap. On occasions it has been able to
provide a detailed picture of substantial parts of convection cells in the polar cap region. Our presentation will include a statistical
survey of the mean flow and its standard deviation, and of spectral widths and ground echoes distribution. It will also provide
examples of polar cap convection changes during the passage of magnetic clouds.
16:20
G05b.8 APPLICATION OF MAXENT OPTIMAL IMAGING TO THE PASSIVE MANASTASH RIDGE RADAR
Z. Berkowitz, J. D. Sahr, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
The Manastash Ridge Radar (MRR) is a passive VHF radar network located in the Pacific Northwest. The radar leverages
commercial FM radio broadcasts (~100 MHz) for illumination and low-cost commercial software radio components to sample the RF
signal. Common targets include Bragg scatter off E-region turbulence, meteor wakes, and aircraft. We present early imaging results
using a combination of techniques. Additionally we review considerations in array geometry and data preparation for best operation
and introduce application of closure phase and amplitude in a goodness-of-fit estimate of the reconstructed image with the respect
to the measured data.
16:40
G05b.9 SIMULTANEOUS AND CO-LOCATED MEASUREMENTS OF RADAR REFLECTIVITY, TURBULENCE,
WINDS, AND ELECTRON DENSITY BY VHF/MF RADARS DURING PMWE AND PMSE
W. Singer, R. Latteck, F.-J. Luebken, Leibniz Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Kuehlungsborn, Germany; K. Dahle,
Andoya Rocket Range, Andenes, Norway
In winter strong radar echoes between 55 - 75 km - polar mesosphere winter echoes (PMWE) - are detected by the ALWIN VHF
radar (69N). During PMWE VHF radar reflectivities of 10^15-10^14/m are observed. Turbulent energy dissipation rates and electron
densities are estimated by the Saura MF radar with dissipation rates of 20-120 mW/kg and electron densities of 10^9 /m3 (one order
larger compared to undisturbed conditions). These observations are in quantitative agreement with model calculations of turbulent
radar backscatter from weakly ionized plasma supporting the conclusion that neutral air turbulence mainly causes PMWE.
17:00
G05b.10 THE SCATTERING CHARACTERISTICS OF PMSE AT 33 CM WITH THE POKER FLAT INCOHERENT
SCATTER RADAR
M. J. Nicolls, C. J. Heinselman, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States; M. C. Kelley, R. H. Varney, Cornell
University, Ithaca, NY, United States
We report multibeam spectral observations of PMSE at a 33 cm Bragg wavelength carried out with PFISR. The observations
indicate two classes of spectra: relatively rare, "broad" spectra that seem to be particularly turbulent with rms velocity fluctuations of
6-7 m/s, and more common "narrow" spectra, with widths closer to 1 m/s. We find that neutral turbulence together with Schmidt
number enhancement by the presence of large charged ice particles can explain the observations, even at these small scales. The
narrowest echoes, seemingly resulting from relatively modest neutral turbulence, acquire long diffusion times, possibly explaining
their predominance.
17:20
End of the Session
190
SEISMO-ELECTROMAGNETICS
Session Chairs: S. Pulinets, M. Parrot, O A. Molchanov
Session
HGE
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand F
13:40
HGE.1 PERTURBATIONS OF INTENSITY OF ELF/VLF EMISSIONS IN THE VICINITY OF EARTHQUAKES: A
STATISTICAL STUDY
1,2,3
2,3
1
4 1
2
F. Nemec , O. Santolik , M. Parrot , J.-J. Berthelier ; LPCE/CNRS, Orleans, France; Faculty of Mathematics
3
4
and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; IAP/ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic; CETP/CNRS, SaintMaur des Fosses, France
We present a study of intensity of ELF/VLF electromagnetic waves observed by the DEMETER spacecraft close to earthquakes. A
specially developed two-step data processing method enables us to evaluate changes of wave intensity connected to the seismic
activity and their statistical significance. We show that during the night there is a decrease of wave intensity shortly (0-4 hours)
before the time of the main shock. No similar effects have been observed during the day. We have checked the individual orbits
responsible for the decrease of wave intensity and we suggest a possible explanation of the observed effects.
14:00
HGE.2 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF SEISMOELECTROMAGNETIC DISTURBANCES ON WHISTLER-WAVES
PROPAGATION BY USING DEMETER DATA
L. Conti, A. Buzzi, Roma Tre University-INFN, Rome, Italy; M. Parrot, J.-L. Pincon, V. Sgrigna, LPCE/CNRS,
Orleans, France
In this study time and space correlations between earthquake occurrance and anomalous whistler waves collected by DEMETER
have been attempted. By applying an ad hoc method it has been observed that for high whistler dispertion values, the number of
ducted whistlers close to earthquakes epicenter and conjugated points exhibits a greater increase than those detected along the
magnetic field line starting from the earthquake. Preliminary results seem to be interesting and promising for further applications.
Further and deeper analysis is requested for a more complete understanding of phenomena detected by DEMETER.
14:20
HGE.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF IONOSPHERIC PERTURBATIONS FOR THE 2004 SUMATRA EARTHQUAKE, AS
REVEALED FROM THE GROUND-BASED (JAPAN) AND SATELLITE-BASED OBSERVATIONS OF NWC VLF
TRANSMITTER SIGNALS
M. Hayakawa, T. Horie, M. Yoshida, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu-city, Tokyo,
Japan; T. Nakamura, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan; M. Parrot, LPCE/CNRS, Orleans, France; O. A. Molchanov,
Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
We present the summary of our study on ionospheric perturbations associated with the Sumatra earthquake on 26 December, 2004
(magnitude, 9.0, depth, 30 km). We use the propagation paths from the Australian VLF transmitter, NWC (f = 19.8 kHz) to the
Japanese station (Kochi, Chofu, Chiba), and the same NWC signal data detected on board the Demeter satellite. Just before the
earthquake, the Japanese VLF stations have exhibited significant enhancements in nighttime fluctuation, which seems to be a
precursory effect of this earthquake. This result is supported by satellite data.
14:40
HGE.4 GENERAL SCHEME OF LITHOSPHERE-ATMOSPHERE-IONOSPHERE COUPLING DUE TO SEISMICITY
O. Molchanov, Institute of Earth Physics, Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation
The scheme includes three basic processes: upward motion of the stress perturbation below lithosphere (deformation wave) leading
to upward migration of the fluids inside the crust; origin of the Atmosphere Gravity Waves just above the ground surface due to
gas/water release and following energy transportation through atmosphere; induction of the currents in lower ionosphere and
development of the ionosphere turbulence modification. Supporting observational facts will be discussed together with theoretical
consideration.
15:00
HGE.5 COMPARISON OF ELF/VLF MAGNETIC DATA FROM THE DEMETER/IMSC INSTRUMENT FOR LARGE
EARTHQUAKES
J. Bortnik, UCLA, Los Angeles, United States; J. W. Cutler, Stanford University, Palo Alto, United States; C. Dunson,
T. E. Bleier, QuakeFinder, LLC., Palo Alto, United States
Using the survey-mode search-coil magnetometer data in the ~1 Hz 18 kHz frequency range from the low altitude (~700 km), highinclination (~82 degree), DEMETER satellite, we perform a statistical search for magnetic signals that precede, coincide with, and
succeed large earthquakes. We identify DEMETER passes that have occurred in a spatial region close to the epicenter, within a
confined period around the time of large (M > 6) earthquakes, and perform a superposed epoch analysis of the signal amplitude as
a function of frequency and time. Results are discussed in light of related satellite and ground measurements.
191
15:20
HGE.6 GPS TEC ANOMALIES OBSERVED PRIOR TO THE PERU EARTHQUAKE OF 26 SEPTEMBER 2005
I. E. Zakharenkova, I. I. Shagimuratov, N. Y. Tepenitsyna, West Department of IZMIRAN, Kaliningrad, Russian
Federation
In the paper the features of pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies observed before 26 September 2005 Peru earthquake in the total
electron content (TEC) data obtained on basis of regular GPS observations are presented. The possible influence of earthquake
preparation processes on the main low-latitude ionosphere peculiarity – equatorial anomaly – is discussed. Analysis of the TEC
maps has revealed the presence of equatorial anomaly modification. In previous days, during the evening and night hours (local
time), a specific transformation of TEC distribution had taken place. This modification took the shape of double-crest structure with
trough near the epicenter.
15:40
Tea/Coffee Break
16:00
HGE.7 VARIATION OF THE ELECTRON TEMPERATURE RECORDED BY THE SATELLITE DEMETER DURING
SEISMIC ACTIVITY
M. Parrot, LPCE/CNRS, Orleans, France
DEMETER is a micro-satellite to study the ionospheric perturbations in relation with seismic activity, and then, its scientific payload
allows to measure electromagnetic waves and plasma parameters all around the Earth. The electron temperature is considered.
First the paper will show specific events where the electron temperature is perturbed prior to large earthquakes. Second, a statistic
is done as functions of the geographic position, the local time, and the magnetic activity. Geographical maps with average data are
obtained to be used as background levels, and the superposed epoch method is applied to merge the data recorded during seismic
activity.
16:20
HGE.8 MULTIPLE MEASUREMENTS SUPPORTING IONOSPHERIC MAPPING AND MODELLING IN SEISMICALLY
ACTIVE EUROPEAN REGIONS
1
2
3
1 1
B. Zolesi , L. R. Cander , A. Belehaki , V. Romano ; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Roma, Italy;
2
3
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, UK; National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece
The potential of multiple measurements primarily in real-time to support ionospheric mapping and modelling in seismically active
European regions has been appreciated for some time. With the emergence of DIAS (European Digital Upper Atmosphere Server)
and GIFINT (Geomagnetic Indices Forecasting and Ionospheric Nowcasting Tools) projects and a long-lasting oblique-incidence
ionospheric sounding campaign over Europe, sufficient data sources are now available to make the ionospheric monitoring in
seismically active European regions a viable and efficient option. This paper describes the first step that could lead to an
improvement in ionospheric mapping and modelling in seismically active European regions.
16:40
HGE.9 ULF MAGNETIC TRANSFER FUNCTION APPROACH FOR MONITORING OF CRUSTAL ACTIVITY AND
NOISE REDUCTION
1
1
2
1
1 1
2
K. Hattori , H. Ishikawa , M. Harada , I. Takahashi , C. Yoshino ; Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Tokai University,
Shizuoka, Japan
In this paper, the features of interstation transfer functions (ISTF) analysis of the ULF geomagnetic data will be presented. ISTF
means the correlation between the site and the reference site. We investigate the temporal variation of ISTFs and perform global
noise reduction using estimated magnetic fields by ISTF at the sites. Usually FFT is used for estimating transfer function but wavelet
transform is applied in this paper. We have applied the proposed ISTF method to the 2000 Izu Earthquake Swarm and the 2002
Boso Slow Earthquake in Japan. The detail results will be shown in the presentation.
17:00
HGE.10 ESTIMATION OF ENERGETIC EFFECTIVENESS OF THE IONIZATION IN CREATION OF THERMAL
ANOMALIES BEFORE EARTHQUAKES BASED ON OLR MEASUREMENTS
S. A. Pulinets, Scientific Center AEROCOSMOS, Moscow, Russian Federation; D. Ouzounov, George Mason
University, Fairfax, VA, USA
The nature of thermal anomalies observed before earthquakes is still the subject of scientific discussions. One of the possible
options is the latent heat release due to the water molecules attachment (hydration) to the ions formed due to ionization produced
by energetic alpha particles emitted by radon in the vicinity of active tectonic faults. We checked this hypothesis with the controlled
active experiment with installations of artificial air ionization in Mexico used for artificial rains stimulation. OLR flux measured from
onboard NOAA satellites shows effectiveness of ionization produced by installations and confirms the hypothesis of the thermal
earthquake anomalies nature.
17:20
End of the Session
192
SIGNAL PROCESSING, CALIBRATION AND IMAGING IN RADIO ASTRONOMY
Session Chair: Tim Cornwell
Session
J06
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand A
13:40
J06.1 RON BRACEWELL - HIS CONTRIBUTION TO RADIO SCIENCE
R. H. Frater, ResMed Inc, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Among those in Radioastronomy world involved in synthesis, there are three contributions that stand out when the name Bracewell
is mentioned. The first in peoples minds is his book, Fourier Transforms, which was the signal and image processing bible for many
of us, the 1954 Bracewell and Roberts paper Aerial Smoothing in Radio Astronomy and the 1967 Bracewell and Riddle paper,
"Inversion of fan beam scans in radio astronomy". In this paper, aspects of these and Rons broader contribution to signal and image
processing and to the foundation of modern radioastronomy will be considered.
14:00
J06.2 MULTI-FREQUENCY SYNTHESIS IMAGING WITH MULTI-SCALE DECONVOLUTION
1,2,3
3 1
2
U. Rau , T. J. Cornwell ; National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro,NM, United States; New Mexico Institute
3
of Mining and Technology, Socorro,NM, United States; CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility, Sydney,NSW,
Australia
In aperture synthesis, measurements from multiple frequencies can be combined to increase spatial frequency coverage and
sensitivity during image reconstruction. One current goal in radio interferometry is to utilize the broad-band capabilities of new
receivers to produce a high dynamic-range continuum image with noise levels consistent with the broad-band sensitivity, along with
an accurate representation of any spectral structure across the observing band. In this paper, I will describe the formulation of the
problem with emphasis on the ambiguity between spatial and spectral structure in such measurements, and discuss some existing
and new multi-frequency deconvolution algorithms.
14:20
J06.3 FARADAY ROTATION MEASURE SYNTHESIS
M. A. Brentjens, ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands
The polarization vector of linearly polarized radio radiation propagating through magnetized plasma rotates proportional to the
rotation measure (RM) and the square of the wavelength: Faraday rotation. This leads to depolarization within the band if the
rotation between the highest and the lowest frequency is significant. Faraday rotation measure synthesis (RM-synthesis) produces
maps with the depolarization of narrow channels and the sensitivity of the full band by subdividing the band into many channels and
compensating each channel before averaging. RM-synthesis has applications ranging from ionospheric tomography to fast, wide
field polarization surveys with both current and future telescopes.
14:40
J06.4 MULTI-FREQUENCY SMEAR FITTING
R. I. Reid, NRAO, Charlottesville, VA, United States
The next generation of radio interferometers will feature very wide bandwidths to maximize their continuum sensitivities. Achieving
those sensitivities will require a deconvolution method that can correctly model both the spatial and spectral structures of the sky.
Smear fitting models the sky by fitting a set of functions (typically gaussians) to the visibilities by minimizing \chi^2, and then
smearing each function with a gaussian beam corresponding to the uncertainty in its location and shape. Extending it to multiple
frequency channels is straightforward, and has the advantage of producing a smearing beam which takes all of the data into
account.
15:00
J06.5 BAYESIAN INTERFEROMETRIC IMAGING
E. C. Sutton, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, United States
Standard approaches to radio interferometric imaging, including the CLEAN and Maximum Entropy techniques, have known defects
and limitations. These can be particularly troublesome in determining accurate fluxes, particularly in complex fields. Bayesian
analysis provides tools for overcoming these limitations. The key step in Bayesian analysis is formulating, in statistical terms, a
mathematically well-posed question. The output of the Bayesian analysis is a statistical sampling of possible maps drawn from the
posterior probability distribution. We report here on improvements in the speed and accuracy of Bayesian mapping, and comment
on future extensions to spectroscopy and polarimetry.
193
15:20
J06.6 SUBSPACE TECHNIQUES FOR RADIO-ASTRONOMICAL DATA ENHANCEMENT
S. Yatawatta, Kapteyn Institute, University of Groningen and ASTRON, Groningen, Netherlands
Radio astronomical observations have very poor signal to noise ratios. On the other hand, it is possible to observe the object of
interest for long time intervals as well as using a wider bandwidth. Traditionally, by averaging images, it has been possible to
improve the quality of astronomical observations. This is possible due to the inherent assumption that the object of interest in the
sky is invariant over time and the frequency. However, in reality this assumption does not hold. In this paper, we shall discuss an
alternative to averaging, without ignoring subtle changes in the observation, using subspace decomposition.
15:40
Tea/Coffee Break
16:00
J06.7 RESAMPLING METHODS IN RADIO ASTRONOMY
A. J. Kemball, UIUC, IL, United States
This paper considers the use of modern statistical resampling methods in radio-interferometric calibration and imaging. Resampling
methods such as the bootstrap and subsample techniques have undergone significant theoretical and practical development in
recent years, particularly for dependent data, and are an important technique for contemporary radio interferometric calibration and
imaging. We consider the application of these techniques to radio interferometry, and present several examples of their use in this
discipline.
16:20
J06.8 OPTIMAL MAP MAKING AND THE ANALYSIS OF NEXT GENERATION INTERFEROMETRIC DATA SETS
1,2 1
2
M. F. Morales ; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; for the MWA Collaboration, Boston, MA,
United States
Next generation radio arrays present a host of challenges for data analysis, including heterogeneous antennas, gain variations
within the primary beam, and refractive and scintillating ionospheres. Using the Optimal Map Making (OMM) formalism used by the
CMB community, we recast the problem of analyzing interferometric observations. The OMM approach naturally reduces to the
standard analysis techniques in the narrow-field limit, but allows a straightforward way of representing these more complicated
effects. In this presentation we will give a conceptual overview of the OMM technique, and show examples of how it can solve the
analysis challenges faced by upcoming instruments.
16:40
J06.9 AUTONOMOUS ONLINE LOFAR STATION CALIBRATION
S. J. Wijnholds, ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands
The spatial filtering performance of the LOFAR station beam former strongly depends on the quality of the station calibration. The
station calibration runs online to track slow variations in receiver system response over time. Since the LOFAR array will ultimately
consist of well over 50 stations, the algorithm should run autonomously. Finally, the all-sky calibration problem at station level should
be solved using the computational resources that can be provided by one or at most a few CPUs. This presentation provides an
overview of the station calibration data reduction pipeline and presents results from a demonstration on actual data.
17:00
J06.10 A REAL-TIME SOFTWARE BACK-END FOR THE GMRT
J. Roy, Y. Gupta, NCRA - TIFR, Pune,Maharastra, India; U.-L. Pen, CITA, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Canada; J. Peterson, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, US
We present our design and implementation of a 32 antenna, 32 MHz, dual polarization, real-time software back-end for the GMRT,
using COTS components. Our design, implementing a correlator and single beam pulsar receiver, uses PCI-based ADC cards, a
linux cluster of 48 nodes with dual gigabit inter-node connectivity for real-time data transfer requirements. The processing pipeline
uses cache efficient, multi-threaded parallel code, along with SIMD techniques. This back-end allows flexibility in final time and
frequency resolutions, and ability to implement algorithms for RFI rejection, which are descibed. Future expansion possibilities are
also discussed.
17:20
End of the Session
194
EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT & EMERGING NEW TECHNOLOGIES
Session Chairs: Georg Neubauer, Antonio Faraone
Session
KAE
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus KL
13:40
KAE.1 ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD MEASUREMENT IN PRESENCE OF RADIOFREQUENCY WIDEBAND DIGITAL
SIGNALS
D. Trinchero, B. Fiorelli, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy; R. Stefanelli, L. Anglesio, A. Benedetto, S. Trinchero,
G. d'Amore, ARPA Piemonte, Ivrea, Italy; M. Borsero, G. Vizio, INRIM, Torino, Italy
This paper describes an experimental research carried out to evaluate the efficiency of traditional exposure assessment procedures
when applied to the measurement of radiofrequency electromagnetic field radiated by digital wideband signal transmitters (802.11x,
802.16x, DVB-x). For this purpose, we analysed the performance of wideband measuring procedures based on the use of wideband
field probes and the behaviour of narrow band procedures based on spectrum analysers. Working in controlled environments, the
results were referenced to the ones obtained using vector signal analysers. Some structural drawbacks were identified.
Consequently, alternative and more accurate measuring methods were introduced and validated.
14:00
KAE.2 COUPLING CHARACTERISTIC OF ADULT AND CHILDREN WITH NON-UNIFORM MAGNETIC FIELD
1,2
3
3
2
2
1 1
K. Maruyama , Y. Suzuki , M. Taki , K. Wake , S. Watanabe , O. Hashimoto ; Aoyama Gakuin University,
2
Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan; National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Tokyo,
3
Japan; Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
In this paper, we investigated the normalized induction factor for adult and child exposed to non-uniform magnetic fields.
Anatomical human models were used to calculate induced current densities. The normalized induction factors were computed for
head and torso separately and were plotted in relation to the distance between the magnetic dipole and the human body. The
dependence of the normalized induction factors on a distance is different between head and torso in the adult case. On the other
hand, the factors for the head of the child are always larger than those of the torso of the child.
14:20
KAE.3 A THREE-AXIS ELECTRO-OPTIC PROBE FOR SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATE MEASUREMENT
K. Kiminami, T. Iyama, T. Onishi, NTT DoCoMo, Inc., Yokosuka, Japan
This paper presents a new Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) measurement technique that employs the Electro-Optic (EO) probe.
Conventionally, the electric field (E-field) probe comprising diode-loaded dipole sensors is employed for SAR measurements. We
developed a prototype of a three-axis EO probe for SAR measurement. This three-axis EO probe is capable of measuring both the
amplitude and phase of each E-field component, simultaneously. We demonstrated the potential of the three-axis EO probe in SAR
measurements. Evaluation results show that we can apply the three-axis EO probe to practical SAR measurement.
14:40
KAE.4 NEW TECHNIQUES IN RF DOSIMETRY
Q. Balzano, V. Hodzic, C. Davis, university of Maryland, College Oark, MD, United States
High Q cavities can be employed to measure the conductivity and dielectric constant of very small volumes of biomaterials. The
drop in Q and its frequency change give a measure of the conductivity, of the dielectric constant, and the SAR of the inserted
biological sample. Optical techniques provide a picture of the SAR distribution inside a transparent liquid phantom. These
techniques exploit the change in refractive index as a laser beam travels through an inhomogenously heated medium. If several
spatially separated beams are used to probe the phantom a 3-D SAR distribution can be determined quickly (≤ 1 min.).
15:00
KAE.5 METHOD OF ENSURING SAR COMPLIANCE FOR MULTI-MODE AND MIMO HANDHELD WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION DEVICES WHILE OPTIMIZING LINK-MARGIN
A. Faraone, M. G. Douglas, Motorola Labs, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA; G. W. Grube, Motorola Labs, Schaumburg, IL,
USA
A method to ensure compliance with respect to applicable SAR limits for personal wireless communication devices having multiple
transmitters and possibly multiple antennas, as well as multiple operating conditions, while allowing the maximum possible
transmitted power collectively from the various transmitters, is illustrated. The method is based on prior research showing that peak
mass-averaged SAR from portable communication devices exposing human body phantoms in their near-field can be readily
predicted from surface SAR measurements in anatomically-shaped phantoms used for SAR compliance. The method can be further
employed for SAR compliance assessments.
195
15:20
KAE.6 ANALYSIS OF THE EXPOSURE INDUCED BY NEW USAGES AND NEW WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES
J. J. Wiart, A. Hadjem, A. Gati, E. Conil, A. Cortel, M. F. Wong, France Telecom Orange Labs, Issy les Moulineaux,
France
The Wireless systems are nowadays increasingly used and wireless phones are being, not only used to listen, but also to watch.
The new systems are able to operate at different protocols and frequency bands and they are used in different ways. In particular,
more and more children are using a cellular handset or a cordless phone. For this reason, it is of interest to analyze the influence of
the usage on the exposure. The paper analyzes the influence of the position of the phone on the SAR and the influence of the
usage on the real power emitted.
15:40
Tea/Coffee Break
16:00
KAE.7 EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT METHODS FOR EMERGING NEW TECHNOLOGIES
G. Neubauer, K. Lamedschwandner, S. Cecil, G. Schmid, Austrian research Centers GmbH - ARC, 2444 Seibersdorf,
Austria
The number of new wireless mobile communication tools is steadily increasing in the recent years. The development of these
technologies raised new questions in terms of exposure assessment. Most of these signals have broad channels compared to older
technologies, e.g. UMTS has a bandwidth of 5 MHz compared to GSM having a bandwidth of 200 kHz. Moreover, several of these
new technologies show pseudo noise characteristics. These specific properties of these signals made it imperative to develop new
measurement technologies. A short overview on emerging wireless standards is given and assessment procedures for UMTS,
WLAN and UWB are discussed.
16:20
KAE.8 THERMAL DOSIMETRY IN HUMAN FOR MICROWAVE EXPOSURES
A. Hirata, O. Fujiwara, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
This paper reviews computational techniques for calculating specific absorption rate (SAR) and temperature elevation in
anatomically-based human models for microwave exposures. Computational examples are shown to explain the difference between
temperature elevations in the human due to localized and whole-body exposures.
16:40
KAE.9 INFLUENCES OF AGE DEPENDENT TISSUE PARAMETERS AND ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES ON SAR
AND TEMPERATURE INCREASE IN THE HEADS OF CELLULAR PHONE USERS
1
1
1,2
1
1,2
1,3
1,2
4
M.-C. Gosselin , A. Christ , M. Murbach , S. Ryf , S. Kuehn , M. Christopoulou , E. Neufeld , C. Gabriel ,
4
1,2 1
A. Peyman , N. Kuster ; IT'IS - Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society, Zurich, Switzerland;
2
3
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland; Biomedical Simulations and Imaging Laboratory,
4
National Technical University, Athens, Greece; MCL-T, London, United Kingdom
This study assesses the influence of the head anatomy and tissue properties on the energy absorption and temperature increase of
mobile phone users. Anatomically correct head models from different age groups (children and adults) have been used, as well as
age dependent dielectric tissue properties and typically used thermal parameters. The 10g peak spatial Specific Absorption Rate
(SAR) and the exposure of subregions of the brain were analyzed. Results could not establish a correlation between the maximum
10g SAR and the age of the model for similar thicknesses of the pinna. However, the exposed functional subregions exhibited
significant changes.
17:00
KAE.10 3-D THERMAL MODEL OF VASCULARIZED TISSUES FOR HYPERTHERMIA TREATMENT
1
2
1 1
2
V. De Santis , G. Bit-Babik , M. Feliziani ; University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy; Motorola Corporate, Fort Lauderdale,
FL, USA
A novel model of numerical thermal dosimetry for vascularized biological tissues exposed to laser sources during hyperthermia
treatment techniques is proposed. The comparison between the novel discrete vasculature model and the old Pennes BHE for a
simple test case is also investigated. The point to be stressed is that the detailed thermal-geometrical information about the vascular
structure is taken into account in a flavor mode without significantly affects the computational degree. The price to be paid is
however a higher level of complexity in order to correctly solve both the blood and tissue temperature profiles.
17:20
End of the Session
196
URSI GA – Oral Presentations y Saturday, August 16, 2008
MEASUREMENT METHODS AND MODEL EXTRACTIONS FOR WIRELESS SYSTEMS II
Session Chairs: Reiner Thomae, Michael Jensen
Session
ACb
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Saturday, August 16, 08:00-10:40
Room
Columbus IJ
08:00
ACb.1 A CORRELATION-BASED WIDEBAND MIMO CHANNEL MODEL
N. Costa, Accipiter Radar Technologies Inc., Fonthill, ON., Canada; S. Haykin, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON.,
Canada
In the following we review the basis for correlative MIMO channel modeling, which attempts to model the correlation between paths
in a given channel. We present a wideband MIMO channel model called the structured model. Here, we focus on the parameters of
the structured model. These include the third-order H-tensor, the wideband correlation matrix, the one-sided correlation matrices for
wideband channels, and the wideband coupling coefficients. We then present the structured model and briefly discuss experimental
results.
08:20
ACb.2 MEASUREMENT OF TIME-VARYING MIMO CHANNELS AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SPATIAL
MULTIPLEXING
Y. Ogawa, P. H. Bui, H. Nishimoto, T. Nishimura, T. Ohgane, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
MIMO spatial multiplexing is a key technology to increase channel capacity. The performance depends on channels including
antenna characteristics. In eigenbeam space division multiplexing (E-SDM), not only a receiver but also a transmitter needs channel
state information (CSI). The performance of an E-SDM system may degrade in time-varying environments because CSI at the
transmitter is outdated. In this paper, we describe measurement of time-varying MIMO channels in an indoor environment. Using the
measured data, we obtain channel auto-correlation and Doppler spectrum, and examine bit error rate (BER) performance of E-SDM.
08:40
ACb.3 TENSOR DECOMPOSITION OF MIMO CHANNEL SOUNDING MEASUREMENTS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
A. Richter, J. Salmi, V. Koivunen, Helsinki University of Technology, ESPOO, Finland
This paper links MIMO measurements to tensor analysis techniques. Tensor decompositions of three- and higher way arrays like
PARAFAC, HOSVD, or PACA are employed in psychometrics and chemometrics since a long time. These techniques have been
developed for analyzing first moments of a tensor valued process. In this paper, proper models and related decompositions for the
first and second moments of MIMO channel measurements are discussed. The outlined techniques can be employed for, e.g,
filtering of MIMO channel sounding data to reduce measurement noise, which is of interest in realistic link-level simulations of
tranceiver structures using measured channels.
09:00
ACb.4 METHODS FOR ESTIMATING CONSISTENCY INTERVALS, AND THE DETECTION OF CHANGES ON
MOBILE RADIO CHANNELS
R. J. C. Bultitude, Communications Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada
For simulations, mobile radio channels are often assumed to be random and wide sense stationary, with unchanging stochastic
parameters. Measurements, however, show that mobile channel characteristics change rapidly. This paper reports the detection of
changes in measured radio propagation data by comparing cumulative distributions for angle of arrival and excess delay in
consecutive time intervals. Results include time series showing correspondence between channel parameters and identified points
of change, rms delay spreads estimated over consistency intervals, and the proposal of a method by which a model can be
developed for controlling changes in channel parameters during simulations.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
ACb.5 LIMITS OF MEASUREMENT BASED CHANNEL CHARACTERIZATION
M. Landmann, M. Narandzic, R. S. Thomae, Technische Universitaet Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Thueringen, Germany
The random phenomena contained in channel-sounding data are imposing limitations to the performance of parameter estimation
algorithms. There are, however, additional limitations stemming from the accessible realism of the measurement system model
being used for estimation purposes. More specifically, inaccuracies of the antenna array model will reduce a dynamic range of the
measurement data that can be reliably characterized. In this paper effects of antenna array model distortion to the high-resolution
estimation of the specular component parameters are illustrated. The consequent appearance of non-physical artifacts is discussed
in the context of channel characterization/modeling.
197
10:00
ACb.6 MEASUREMENT BASED PARAMETER EXTRACTION FOR WINNER RADIO CHANNEL MODEL
1
2
1 1
2
L. Hentila , M. Narandzic , J. Meinila ; Elektrobit, Oulu, Finland; TU-Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany
This paper describes the overall procedure of radio channel model parameterization from channel measurements to the
environment dependent model parameters. The process contains following steps: measurement campaign, data conversion stages,
data post-processing, use of super-resolution algorithms, and parameterization of the channel model according to a set of analysis
items. Each of the steps is described briefly and some issues of the parameter analysis stages are discussed.
10:20
ACb.7 NON-WSSUS VEHICULAR CHANNEL CHARACTERIZATION AT 5.2 GHZ - SPECTRAL DIVERGENCE AND
TIME-VARIANT COHERENCE PARAMETERS
1
1
2
2
3
1
1
3
2
L. Bernadó , T. Zemen , A. Paier , G. Matz , J. Karedal , N. Czink , C. Dumard , F. Tufvesson , M. Hagenauer ,
3,4
2 1
2
A. F. Molisch , C. F. Mecklenbräuker ; ftw. Forschungszentrum Telekommunikation Wien, Vienna, Austria; Vienna
3
4
University of Technology, Vienna, Austria; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Mitsubishi Electric Research Labs,
Cambridge, MA, USA
The scattering environment in vehicle-to-vehicle communication channels at 5.2GHz changes rapidly. Hence the wide-sense
stationary (WSS) uncorrelated scattering (US) assumption is valid for short durations only. We characterize the spectral divergence
of the local scattering function (LSF) sequence to assess the non-WSSUS characteristics. We find that vehicle-to-vehicle channels
violate WSS much stronger than US. We use the LSF to quantify the time dependence of the channel coherence time and
bandwidth. Both vary strongly over time. Finally, we discuss effect of the antenna radiation patterns on the fading process in driveby experiments.
10:40
End of the Session
198
TRANSIENT FIELDS AND ULTRA WIDE BAND ANTENNAS
Session Chairs: Ehud Heyman, Filippo Capolino
Session
B06
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand B
08:00
B06.1 TIME-DOMAIN BEAM SHAPING OF PULSED ARRAYS
1,2
1 1
2
M. Ciattaglia , G. Marrocco ; University of Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy; Selex-SI, Roma, Italy
Pulsed arrays are becoming popular in new Ultra-wideband applications to enhance the robustness of transmitted and received
signals in complex environments and to identify the angle of arrival of multiple echoes. A global synthesis technique is here
proposed to shape the array field in accordance to a given angle-time mask. The synthesis problem is cast as the inverse Radon
transform of a desired array mask, applying the Alternate Projections method to include constraints on the input signal's waveforms
and to improve the synthesis resolution.
08:20
B06.2 ANALYZING THE ELECTROMAGNETIC PERFORMANCE OF SELF-COMPENSATING UWB ANTENNAS
M. Armanious, J. S. Tyo, University of Arizona, Tucson, United States
Recently we proposed a general framework for designing an antenna that, when used on both the transmit and receive ends of an
UWB link, provide dispersion-free propagation. In order to achieve this performance, the antenna should radiate a half-derivitive of
the applied voltage, which corresponds to the time-domain Green's function of an infinite line source. In this paper we consider
topologies based on conical symmetry that approximate the infinite line source, analyze the fields in the vicinity of the antenna to
understand performance, and assess their performance and utility as antennas in UWB systems.
08:40
B06.3 FREQUENCY AND TIME DOMAIN RESPONSES OF A CURVED WEDGE TO A COMPLEX SOURCE POINT
ILLUMINATION - A COMPARISON OF TWO APPROACHES
Y. Kim, P. H. Pathak, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; H.-T. Chou, Yuan Ze University,
Chung-Li, China (SRS)
The complex source point (CSP) beam solution for the canonical wedge diffraction problem is obtained via analytic continuation of
the high frequency uniform ray solutions based on both the modified Pauli-Clemmow (MPC) and the Van der Waerden uniform
asymptotic procedures for evaluating steepest descent path field integrals. The frequency domain solutions are then transformed to
the time domain to provide the transient field response of a wedge to a pulsed CSP beam illumination, and these two solution
approaches are compared in the time domain. As expected, the simpler MPC approach gives comparable accuracy to the Van der
Waerden approach.
09:00
B06.4 A TIME-DOMAIN APPROACH TO THE EXTINCTION PARADOX FOR SCATTERING OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
M. Gustafsson, C. Sohl, A. Karlsson, G. Kristensson, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
The extinction paradox states that a perfectly electric conducting target which is large compared to the wavelength removes from
the incident radiation exactly twice the amount of power it can intercept by its geometrical cross section area. In this paper, the
extinction paradox is generalized to include temporally dispersive material parameters with finite values of the permittivity and the
permeability. From a time-domain approach it is shown that the high-frequency limit of the extinction cross section depends on the
material parameters of the target and that a limiting value not necessarily exists.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
B06.5 TRANSIENT REFLECTION OF A PLANE WAVE FROM A GENERALLY-DISPERSIVE DIELECTRIC HALF
SPACE
E. J. Rothwell, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
The transient plane-wave field reflected from the interface between free space and a dielectric material with a general dispersion
model is determined analytically. The time-domain reflection coefficient is computed as an inverse Laplace transform of the standard
Fresnel reflection coefficient, and is found to consist of the convolution of exponential and Bessel functions, both for normal and for
oblique incidence. For materials described by simple dispersion models, the results are useful in time-domain material
characterization systems. For more complicated materials, the results can give physical insight into the temporal behavior of the
reflected field.
199
10:00
B06.6 TIME DOMAIN WEYL'S IDENTITY AND TRANSIENT MODES DUE DIPOLES PERIODICALLY DISTRIBUTED
OVER A HALF SPACE
J. Gao, Ansys, Austin, TX, United States; B. Shanker, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
Extensive research has been in conducted the analysis of the radiation by a periodic array over a half space in the frequency
domain, but analogous results in time domain do not exist. Derivation of time domain Floquet modes for dipoles periodically
distributed in free-space has only been a recent endeavor. Here, we will use the time domain Weyl's identity. Application of the
Floquet theorem and using a time symmetric source reduces this to a semi-infinite integral with reflection and transmission
coefficients accounting for the half space. Here, we intend investigating methods for evaluating this integral efficiently.
10:20
B06.7 A MULTILEVEL ALGORITHM FOR THE COMPUTATION OF THE TRANSIENT RADIATION PATTERNS OF
TRUE-TIME-DELAY CONFORMAL ARRAYS
A. Shlivinski, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel; A. Boag, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
A multilevel algorithm for transient radiation pattern computations of true-time-delay beam steered conformal arrays is presented.
The algorithm uses hierarchical decomposition of the array into smaller sub-arrays. At the finest level of decomposition, the transient
radiation patterns of single element arrays are computed over a sparse grid of directions, over a short temporal duration. The
algorithm comprises repeated interpolations and aggregations of sub-array contributions until obtaining the array's radiation pattern.
The computational complexity is lower than that of the direct computation and the algorithm is suitable for ultra-wideband/quasimonochromatic/narrow band excitations.
10:40
End of the Session
200
FREQUENCY-DOMAIN TECHNIQUES
Session Chairs: Christophe Craeye, Eric Michielssen
Session
B10
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus AB
08:00
B10.1 A MULTIPLICATIVE CALDERÓN-BASED PRECONDITIONER FOR THE COUPLED SURFACE AND VOLUME
ELECTRIC FIELD INTEGRAL EQUATIONS
1
1
2
2
1 1
H. Bagci , F. P. Andriulli , K. Cools , F. Olyslager , E. Michielssen ; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United
2
States; Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
A well-conditioned coupled set of surface and volume electric field integral equations (SEFIE and VEFIE) for analyzing wave
interactions with densely discretized structures is presented. Whereas VEFIE operators are well-posed even when applied to
densely discretized volumes, classically formulated SEFIE operators are ill-posed when used on densely discretized surfaces. This
renders the discretized SEFIE-VEFIE system ill-conditioned and its iterative solution inefficient. The proposed scheme regularizes
the SEFIE and VEFIE using multiplicative Calderόn and diagonal preconditioners, respectively, thereby enabling analysis of
electromagnetic interactions with fine-featured structures, including printed circuit boards and small antennas.
08:20
B10.2 A MULTIPLICATIVE CALDERÓN-BASED PRECONDITIONER FOR THE COMBINED FIELD INTEGRAL
EQUATION
1
1
2
2
1 1
H. Bagci , F. P. Andriulli , K. Cools , F. Olyslager , E. Michielssen ; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United
2
States; Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
A resonance-free and well-conditioned combined field integral equation (CFIE) for analyzing scattering from densely discretized
structures is presented. The new CFIE is obtained by combining an electric field integral equation regularized using the Calderόn
Multiplicative Preconditioner (CMP) with a standard magnetic field integral equation. To avoid resonances in resulting CFIE due to
Calderόn regularizations squaring effect a localization technique is used. Numerical results that demonstrate the effectiveness of the
new preconditioner in alleviating the ill-posedness of the CFIE and the number of iterations required to solve the resulting matrix
system will be presented.
08:40
B10.3 FULL-WAVE 3D SIMULATIONS USING THE BROADBAND NSPWMLFMA
J. M. Peeters, I. Bogaert, J. Fostier, F. Olyslager, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Full-wave simulation of complex structures and devices, based on the Maxwell equations, is gaining importance now that technology
has reached a point where many of the quasi-static or high-frequency approximations are no longer sufficiently accurate. We
demonstrate the use of novel Fast Multipole Method, the NSPWMLFMA, which is stable and efficient over the entire frequency
range, thus enabling accurate scattering simulation.
09:00
B10.4 METHOD OF MOMENTS SIMULATION OF INFINITELY PERIODIC STRUCTURES INVOLVING CONNECTED
DIELECTRIC OBJECTS
X. Dardenne, C. Craeye, Universit catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
This paper describes a Method of Moments technique for the simulation of infinitely periodic structures involving connected dielectric
objects. A numerical approach, based on the Method of Moments was developped, using the surface equivalence principle and the
PMCHWT formulation of the integral equations. The use of periodic Greens functions for both inside and outside problems enables
the analysis of structures where the dielectric volumes of successive cells are connected. A fast algorithm for the computation of the
doubly periodic Greens function and its gradient is also implemented. The accuracy of the MoM approach is assessed in several
cases.
201
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
B10.5 A FINITE ELEMENT DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION PRECONDITIONER FOR TIME-HARMONIC
ELECTROMAGNETICS
V. Rawat, J.-F. Lee, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
We present a preconditioned iterative method for the finite element (FE) solution of time-harmonic electromagnetic radiation and
scattering problems. The method is a type of non-overlapping domain decomposition (DD) method and provides a computationally
efficient and effective preconditioner for the indefinite matrix equation arising from the FE method. The absence of auxiliary
variables in the formulation and the method's application to arbitrary decompositions of a tetrahedral mesh differentiate it from
previous DD methods. Numerical results demonstrate that the method is as accurate as the conventional FE method and largescale simulations are performed to study performance.
10:00
B10.6 A FAST DISPERSION ANALYSIS OF PLANAR PERIODIC STRUCTURES BASED ON METHOD OF MOMENT
H. R. Mohebbi, A. Borji, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada; J. Shaker, CRC, Ottawa, Canada
A fast method is proposed to calculate the dispersion diagram of one-dimensional periodic structures. By employing a set of proper
boundary conditions on the top layer of the structure, and expanding the tangential component of electric field in aperture area in
terms of a finite series of triangular basis functions, and manipulating the resulting homogenous matrix, we are able to find the
modes supported by the structure. To demonstrate the validity of the method, a simple microstrip line has been investigated first,
and then the method was applied to analyze a one-dimensional periodic structure composed of microstrip lines.
10:20
B10.7 FINITE FORMULATION IN MODELING GIANT MAGNETOIMPEDANCE EFFECT OF CO-BASED RIBBONS IN
A MICROSTRIP CONFIGURATION
M. Heshmatzadeh, G. E. Bridges, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
A Finite Formulation technique, the Cell Method, is applied to modeling a microstrip structure with a Co-based ferromagnetic ribbon.
The microstrip configuration is used to extract the permeability of the Co-based ribbon exhibiting the Giant Magnetoimpedance
effect. The Cell Method has been used to simulate the structure using the extracted permeability. The Cell Method uses a primaldual cell complex based on global (integral) variables. A new time-harmonic formulation for a non-orthogonal dual mesh is
presented based on choosing dual points as incenters instead of barycenters. The results are compared with measurement and
other simulation results.
10:40
End of the Session
202
COMMUNICATING OBJECTS
Session Chairs: Alain Sibille, Marlin Mickle
Session
C11
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus GH
08:00
C11.1 SENSOR PACKAGE ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION FOR DIRECT SENSOR-TO-SATELLITE LINKS
M. J. AL-Saleh, A. I. Zaghloul, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, United States
This paper investigates the design and the performance of low-power micro-sensors that communicate directly to satellites.
Information is spread using pseudo noise (PN). The sensors use a miniature phased array antenna that continuously scans to
access the satellite(s). The simulation results show that a sensor as small as 2.35 cm in diameter is able to send information with
data rate of 1 kbps at bit error rate less than 10-5 to low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites with a transmitted power of 51.3 microwatts (12.9 dBm) at a frequency of 30 GHz.
08:20
C11.2 DIVERSITY FOR BODY AREA NETWORKS
A. A. Serra, P. Nepa, G. Manara, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; P. S. Hall, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
In this paper a review of diversity for body-centric communications is presented. On-body communication channels are affected by
fading whose effects need to be mitigated. Recently, diversity techniques for on-body systems have been experimentally analyzed.
Results on space diversity at 2.4 GHz have been obtained, which proved the effectiveness of diversity scheme implementation. The
diversity performances have been evaluated in terms of diversity gain, power imbalance and envelope correlation coefficients
between the two receiving channels, and finally by the analysis of the cumulative distribution function of the normalized received
power.
08:40
C11.3 LOW POWER, 20MBIT/S, ULTRA-WIDE BAND TRANSCEIVER INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SUITABLE FOR
COMMUNICATING OBJECTS RADIO INTERFACE
E. Novakov, J.-M. Fournier, Institut de Microelectronique, Electromagnetisme et Photonique, Grenoble, France
The paper presents an Impulse Radio Ultra-Wide Band communication method and integrated circuit. The simple hardware
architecture, the low power consumption and the high achievable data rate make this system well adapted for use in portable,
battery powered communicating objects. The transceiver uses a Frequency Hopping On-Off Keying modulation with a non-coherent
demodulation. A single chip transmitter/receiver was designed and tested. The chip includes the radio frequency and the base-band
signal processing circuits. The maximum data rate is 20Mbit/s at a distance of 5m (without an error correction code). The power
consumption is 20mW.
09:00
C11.4 RFID, A TECHNOLOGY FOR THE FUTURE ?
S. Tedjini, T. P. Vuong, INP Grenoble, Valence, France
The principle of RFID was introduced by H.Stockman in 1948. Nowadays the application of RFID in various domains is expanding.
Like many digital identification technologies, RFID is plagued by lack of interoperability. In the same time many R&D projects are
developed worldwide. They are improving the performances and extending the field of application. First we present the evolution of
RFID during 60 years. A special attention is given to the design and optimization of tags. The second part will address examples of
RFID systems, their implementation and current developments. Finally considerations for privacy and acceptance will be discussed.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
C11.5 RFID, ENERGY, AND INTERNET OF THINGS
M. Simonov, ISMB, Turin, Italy; R. Zich, Polytechnic University of Milan, Milan, Italy; F. Mazzitelli, San Giovanni
Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy
Digital Enterprise is the free flow of real-time information to be exchanged between suppliers and consumers. RFID transforms the
energy into data, and it is suggested as an enabling technology of the Internet of Things. Industries, Hospitals, Homes use the
fieldbus systems to exchange data. Powerline communication extends the space enabling the wider interoperability and the remote
management of energy-consuming appliances. We present a view linking real world processes with the digital ones using RFID and
energy. We present an use case on near miss in healthcare.
203
10:00
C11.6 PERSONALIZED HEALTHCARE COMMUNICATION IN INTERNET OF THINGS
M. Simonov, ISMB, Turin, Italy; R. Zich, Polytechnic University of Milan, Milan, Italy; F. Mazzitelli, San Giovanni
Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy
Personalized healthcare is a challenge because supports the sustainability of care. Internet of Things is a paradigm promising to
manage the digital identity, so the personalization of care services. Different equipment is used in extra-wall healthcare and
assistive services, requiring different sorts of objects to communicate and to make the ubiquitous system-of-system. Extended
entities and mixed roles are becoming inter-operable. We present how adaptative care might exploit the broadband communication
over powerline, with the link to the digital energy.
10:20
End of the Session
204
RADAR STUDIES III
Session
G05c
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus EF
13:40
G05b.1 TEMPERATURE PROFILES IN THE MLT REGION USING RADAR-METEOR TRAIL DECAY TIMES:
COMPARISON WITH TIMED/SABER OBSERVATIONS
K. Kishore Kumar, space physics laboratory, Trivandrum, India
A method for obtaining height profiles of temperature in MLT region using radar-meteor trail decay times is discussed. For the first
time, real-time pressure measurements are used to obtain the temperature profiles. The pressure is obtained around 90 km and
subsequently height profile of pressure is obtained in the MLT region by assuming scale height of 5-7 km. The height profile of
pressure is then used to obtain temperature profile. Temperature profiles are compared with the TIMED satellite measurements,
which have shown good agreement. The present study provides new observations, which will be interesting for MLT community.
08:20
G05c.2 BAYESIAN ESTIMATION OF NARROW INCOHERENT RADAR TARGETS
J. Vierinen, M. S. Lehtinen, Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory, Sodankyla, Finland
We present a novel method for estimating the backscatter amplitude of strong radar echos originating from a narrow range interval.
We give several backscatter amplitude parametrizations that result in non-linear statistical inverse problems. To demonstrate this
method, we show the backscatter amplitude behaviour of artificial heating induced incoherent ionospheric irregularities and show
how meteor head echos can be estimated at several range gates. This method gives very good range and time resolution, which is
determined only by the measurement bandwidth and sample rate. We also discuss radar transmission code optimality.
08:40
G05c.3 IMAGING OF SPORADIC E LAYERS WITH THE POKER FLAT INCOHERENT SCATTER RADAR
C. Heinselman, M. Nicolls, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States
We present measurements of the horizontal extent and dynamics of sporadic-E layers as measured with the Poker Flat Incoherent
Scatter Radar. A radar operating mode was implemented which emphasizes the detection of these layers over other plasma
parameters. The advantage is that this greatly reduces the minimum detectable electron density levels and allows shorter time
integrations for the more intense layers. The experiment uses the rapid beam steering to produce a three dimensional picture of the
formation and evolution of sporadic E. It also measures the most important driver of layer formation at high latitudes: electric fields.
09:00
G05c.4 STOCHASTIC MODELING OF PHASE NOISE IN DISTRIBUTED COHERENT PASSIVE RADAR SYSTEMS
A. N. Morabito, J. D. Sahr, Z. M. Berkowitz, L. E. Vertatschitsch, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United
States
Passive radars sense targets by leveraging power from noncooperative transmitters. For coherent processing, highly stable
oscillators must be used to drive each receiver of a distributed system. These oscillators, however, inject some amount of phase
noise into the system as they are never perfectly stable. This phase noise degrades the Doppler resolvability of the radar. We will
offer a technique to extract estimates of the phase noise process through naturally collected data from an example radar system.
We will then t stochastic models to the data and examine how well these models hold over time.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
G05c.5 SOFTWARE RADAR AND THE FRAMER PATTERN: APPLYING CONTEXT TO CONTINUOUSLY
RECORDED RF DATA
P. J. Erickson, F. D. Lind, W. J. Rideout, MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, United States
Recent advances have created Software Radar implementations for pulsed radar systems. To maximize flexibility, continuous
received and transmitted waveform voltage level recording of a given RF center frequency and bandwidth can be utilized along with
a framer agent. The framer is a general software pattern which determines boundaries within recorded data streams and applies
metadata to those intervals. We will discuss the nature of the framing software pattern and show implementation examples from the
Millstone Hill MIDAS-M Software Radar system. We will also discuss mitigation strategies for framer implementation challenges, and
will conclude by examining real time processing burdens.
205
10:00
G05c.6 A COMPARISON OF AUTOMATED-SEARCH METEOR RESULTS FROM RADAR OBSERVATIONS AT THE
POKER FLAT INCOHERENT SCATTER RADAR, SONDRESTROM, AND ARECIBO
S. J. Briczinski, UW-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; J. D. Mathews, Penn State, University Park, PA,
USA; D. D. Meisel, SUNY-Geneseo, Geneseo, NY, USA; C. J. Heinselman, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
While much progress has been made in understanding the radio science and meteor physics implications of meteor head-echoes
observed with high power, large aperture (HPLA) radars, issues remain due to different analysis techniques employed. We address
these issues via employing the same analysis technique to meteor observations from the Poker Flat, Sondrestrom, and Arecibo
radars. We present and compare sporadic meteor parameters and in so doing observe an altitude ceiling effect in the 1290 MHz
results relative to the 430/449.3 MHz results. We also present the first observed seasonal altitude variation from a HPLA radar.
10:20
G05c.7 METEOR TRAILS IN THE IONOSPHERE: LATEST RESULTS FROM OBSERVATIONS AND THEORY
M. M. Oppenheim, G. Sugar, E. N. Bass, Y. S. Dimant, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; S. Close, Los
Alamos National Laboratories, Los Alamos, NM, United States; L. P. Dyrud, Center for Remote Sensing, Fairfax, VA,
United States
The interaction between dense meteor-created plasma trails and the background ionosphere plays an important role in creating
plasma turbulence that, in turn, enables radars to detect the trails as non-specular echoes. A recent theory of trail diffusion made the
novel prediction that trails diffuse much faster during daylight hours than at night. This talk presents observational evidence of a
dramatic day to night difference in the occurrence rates and durations of non-specular meteor radar echoes. It also discusses how
meteor trail diffusion changes as a function of altitude and how radar observations depend on the aspect angle.
10:40
End of the Session
206
IMPROVING RADIO SYSTEMS THROUGH IONOSPHERIC RADIO SCIENCE (TRANS AND SUB-IONOSPHERE, RADIO
PROPAGATION)
Session Chairs: Matthew Angling, C Coleman, Alain Bourdillon
Session
G06
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand E
08:00
G06.1 MIMO CHANNEL MEASUREMENTS IN THE HF BAND
1
2
2
1
2
2
3
3
S. Salous , M. Warrington , S. Gunashekar , S. Feeney , H. Zhang , N. Abbasi , L. Bertel , D. Lemur ,
3 1
2
3
M. Oger ; Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom; Leicester University, Leicester, United Kingdom; Rennes
University, Rennes, France
Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems have been extensively investigated for short range wireless communications in the
VHF-SHF frequency bands due to the promise of increased data rate in a limited spectrum. To study their possible application to the
HF band (3-30 MHz) a MIMO radio link has been set up over a 255 km path from Durham to Leicester in the UK and a longer radio
link from Durham to Rennes-France. Measurements using different antenna configurations and different waveforms have been set
up and preliminary results of correlation and capacity are presented in this paper.
08:20
G06.2 FORMULATION AND APPLICATION OF A SPACE-TIME CORRELATION MODEL FOR HF SKY WAVE
RADAR SIGNALS
R. J. Riddolls, Defence R&D Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
The model of Doppler spreading of HF sky wave radar signals by Coleman (Radio Science, 31, 869-875) is extended to include
signal spread in angle-of-arrival, slant range, and ground range. A power-law spectrum of ionospheric irregularities is assumed and
Booker's ray tracing equations are used to derive the space-time autocorrelation of the signal phase. The model can predict the
resolution of sky wave radars, the performance of two-dimensional adaptive receive arrays, and the behaviour of space-time
adaptive processing (STAP) algorithms. Experimental results pertaining to these applications are compared to the model predictions.
08:40
G06.3 SOLUTION FOR THE FOURTH MOMENT OF SPHERICAL RADIO WAVE PROPAGATING IN THE
TURBULENT IONOSPHERE
Z.-W. Xu, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao, Shandong, China (CIE); J. Wu, China
Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Beijing, China (CIE); Z.-S. Wu, Xidian University, Xian, Shaanxi, China
(CIE)
The fourth moment plays an important role in radio propagation through the turbulent ionosphere. However, in strong scattering
regimes, it remains to be solved although many methods have been proposed. The fourth moment of a spherical wave is solved
using the modified Gaussian solution method in this paper. It can be considered as a sum of the Gaussian solution and nonGaussian correction term. The Gaussian solution, a sum of products of the second-order moments, is for the saturated regime. The
non-Gaussian correction is solved using the Rytov approximation. This solution is applied to transionospheric radio waves.
09:00
G06.4 WIDE BANDWIDTH PROPAGATION, PART I: IONOSPHERIC PROPAGATION EFFECTS ON WIDE
BANDWIDTH SIGNALS
D. L. Knepp, NorthWest Research Associates, Monterey, CA, United States
This paper reviews wide bandwidth measurements taken with ALTAIR (ABMDA Long-Range Tracking and Instrumentation Radar).
ALTAIR directly measures two-way radar propagation through the tracking of orbiting calibration spheres. In 1988, ALTAIR
measurements [Knepp and Houpis, 1991] provided the first observations of severe frequency selective scintillation from
transionospheric propagation. The 2005 measurements of Cannon et al., [2006] resulted in the simultaneous characterization of
time delay and Doppler, referred to as the generalized power spectrum. We also review the solution to the parabolic wave equation
for spherical wave propagation and show that this solution is consistent with the ALTAIR measurements.
207
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
G06.5 WIDE BANDWIDTH PROPAGATION, PART II: MULTIPLE PHASE SCREEN CALCULATION OF SIGNAL
PROPAGATION THROUGH THE IONOSPHERE.
D. L. Knepp, NorthWest Research Associates, Monterey, CA, United States
This paper presents results from a two-dimensional multiple phase screen (MPS) calculation that computes numerical realizations or
sample functions of the electric field after propagation through the ionosphere. The MPS code solves the parabolic wave equation
and allows for direct computation of the received signal. For wide bandwidth signals, the code is exercised for many frequencies
over the bandwidth of the propagating signal; Fourier transform techniques are used to obtain the propagating signal in the time
domain. Several animations of propagating signals are presented that simultaneously show the development of the ionospheric
transfer function and the impulse response function.
10:00
G06.6 IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATIONS: IMPACT ON THE HF SUBSURFACE RADAR SOUNDING
Y. A. Ilyushin, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
The propagation of ultra wide band HF ground penetrating radar pulses through the ionosphere with random small scale
inhomogeneous structure is considered. Aperture synthesis is simulated rigorously. Role of the side clutter caused by the surface
roughness is also discussed. Anisotropy of the correlation function of the ionospheric fluctuations is accounted for. Degradation of
the surface and subsurface radar echoes due to scattering in the ionosphere is quantitatively estimated. Systematic signal phase
distortion in the dispersive ionosphere is modeled together with the random phase fluctuations. Simulated synthetic aperture
subsurface radargrams are presented.
10:20
End of the Session
208
SOLAR POWER SATELLITES
Session Chairs: Ranvir Dhillon, K. Hashimoto, Wim van Driel, R. J. Pogorzelski
Session
HBDGJK
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand F
08:00
HBDGJK.1 PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES FOR SOLAR POWER SATELLITES IN THE EARLY 21ST CENTURY
J. C. Mankins, Managed Energy Technologies LLC, Ashburn, VA, United States
During the past three decades, the energy technologies that powered the 20th Century have been increasingly challenged--by
growing global populations, by surging economic growth, by emerging climate change issues and as a result of increasing costs
resulting from finite supplies. Space-based Solar Power -- by means of Solar Power Satellites -- has been discussed for 40 years,
but have only recently come to represent a technically and economically viable alternative to meet future energy needs. This paper
will review the challenges and opportunities of Solar Power Satellites during the coming years, emphasizing the current status of this
promising area.
08:20
HBDGJK.2 CONCEPT OF SPACE SOLAR POWER SYSTEMS (SSPS) IN JAXA
T. Fujita, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tokyo, Japan
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has been conducting studies on Space Solar Power Systems (SSPS) using
microwave and laser beams for years.JAXA is proposing a roadmap that consists of a stepwise approach to achieve SSPS.In case
of microwave based SSPS (M-SSPS), the solar energy must be converted to electricity and then converted to a microwave beam.
The on-ground rectifying antenna would collect the microwave beam and convert it to electricity to connect to commercial power
grids.This paper presents the results of study effort of JAXA and the most promising SSPS concepts.
08:40
HBDGJK.3 MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION FOR SOLAR POWER SATELLITES
G. D. Arndt, P. H. Ngo, NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, United States
In the years 1978 1981 and 1998 1999, a microwave power beaming system for a Solar Power Satellite (SPS) was analyzed,
simulated, and partially demonstrated. These microwave system studios were a collaboration effort with NASA, the Department of
Energy (into the environmental and societal impacts of a power beaming system), multiple aerospace/electronic companies, and
universities. This paper reviews the simulations for S-band and C-band frequencies, discusses the relative importance of the
microwave error parameters and their degradations to the system, the environmental impacts, what advancements have been
achieved since 1981, suggestions for demonstrations, and lessons learned.
09:00
HBDGJK.4 IMPACT TO THE RADIO ASTRONOMY BY THE INTERFERENCE CAUSED BY THE SOLAR POWER
SATELLITE SYSTEMS
M. Ohishi, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
Interference with radio astronomical observations, which have several protected bands near the planed SPS frequencies (2.45 or
5.8 GHz) or their harmonics, is of particular concern for the radio astronomers. Radio astronomy has historically increased its
sensitivity, and in the next decade, major initiatives will enhance the sensitivity by a factor of 100. All possible measures need to be
taken to protect the radio astronomical observations. Furthermore, the thermal radiation of the solar cells of a large number of SPS
units is expected to make a substantial zone of the sky unusable for astronomical observations at all frequencies.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
HBDGJK.5 TRANSIONOSPHERIC PROPAGATION, ABSORPTION AND SCATTERING OF HIGH-POWER
MICROWAVES
L. M. Duncan, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL, United States
Solar power satellite energy transmission from space to ground has been proposed using high-power microwave beams. The
associated beam power density is sufficient to excite nonlinear interaction effects in both the collisionless F-region and collisional Dregion ionospheric plasmas. Prospective effects in the F-region ionosphere include thermal self-focusing, beam filamentation and
induced scattering, resonant plasma instabilities, stimulated Langmuir turbulence, and anomalous beam absorption. Possible Dregion effects include thermal runaway electron heating. Excitation thresholds will be reviewed, and past experimental results and
new research opportunities described. Techniques for moderating unwanted nonlinear effects also will be discussed.
209
10:00
HBDGJK.6 A LOW POWER DENSITY CONCEPT FOR BEAMING MICROWAVE POWER
R. J. Pogorzelski, J. Venkatesan, Jet Propulsion Laboratory - Caltech, Pasadena, CA, United States
A system for wireless power transfer is described which minimizes the required power density to obviate the need for high power
microwave components. In addition, the potential for interference with other local electronic devices is minimized. The radio
frequency power is generated by a distribution of low power solid state devices and the power transfer is achieved via spatial power
combining in the aperture of the transmitting antenna. Beam control is implemented by mutual injection locking of the rf sources. A
modular approach to the construction of large apertures is suggested involving triangular subarrays controlled by arrays of coupled
oscillators.
10:20
HBDGJK.7 WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM FOR A MICRO AERIAL VEHICLE
1
2
2
2
1 1
2
T. Komaru , E. Shimane , A. Diallo , K. Komurasaki , Y. Arakawa ; The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; The
University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
Wireless power transmission system for a Micro Aerial Vehicle using a microwave beam has been studied. It consists of three subsystems. In the transmitter system, a microwave beam of 5.8GHz is formed and steered using a phased array antenna. In the
rectenna system, the microwave power received by an antenna is converted to DC power by an in-house rectifier and used to drive
an electric motor on a MAV model. In the tracking system, the position of the MAV is detected using a software-retro-directive
mechanism.
10:40
End of the Session
210
SPLINTER MEETINGS
Session Chair: Wim van Driel
Session
J07
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Grand A
08:00
J07.1 GLOBAL VLBI WORKING GROUP MEETING
J. D. Romney, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro, NM, United States
The Global VLBI Working Group (GVWG) will meet during Splinter Meeting Session J07. Members of the GVWG are urged to
participate, and any other interested persons are very welcome to attend. The meeting will consist primarily of open discussions,
organized around the three tasks specified in the GVWG's Terms of Reference, in brief: (1) International VLBI Network; (2) technical
compatibility in VLBI instrumentation; and (3) liaison between ground-based observatories and space agencies, for coordination of
Space VLBI missions. The current status and recent progress will be summarized for each task, and proposals for future work will
be considered.
08:20
J07.2 IUCAF: SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT FOR RADIO ASTRONOMY
W. van Driel, Paris Observatory, Meudon, France; M. Ohishi, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo,
Japan; T. Tzioumis, CSIRO, Sydney, Australia
IUCAF (the Scientific Committee on Frequency Allocations for Radio Astronomy and Space Science) represents the worldwide radio
astronomy community in matters of spectrum management at the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Its sponsoring
Scientific Unions are URSI, IAU, and COSPAR, and it operates under the auspices of ICSU, the International Council for Science.
At this meeting of IUCAF, which is open to all participants, presentations will be given on the role of IUCAF (W. van Driel), on results
of the recent ITU World Radiocommunication Conference (M. Ohishi), and on astronomical Radio Quiet Zones (T. Tzioumis).
08:40
End of the Session
211
OCCUPATIONAL EMF SAFETY & HEALTH
Session Chairs: Maila Hietanen, Vitas Anderson
Session
K05
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Columbus KL
08:00
K05.1 NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF ACUTE MOBILE PHONE EXPOSURE AND ITS RELEVANCE TO OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH & SAFETY
1,2 1
R. J. Croft ; Australian Centre for Radiofrequency Bioeffects Research (ACRBR), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
2
Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
The issue of mobile phone (MP) related health is now prominent in both community and occupational forums. Corresponding to this
there has been considerable research, including some replicated findings that suggest that MPs may affect human neurophysiology.
This presentation provides a summary of this research, and interprets this in relation to occupational health and safety issues. It is
argued that the only MP-related bioeffects that stand up to replication are reports of changes to sleep and awake spontaneous EEG.
It is concluded that there is no evidence that these effects represent important considerations for occupational health and safety
issues.
08:20
K05.2 ANALYSIS OF THE WHOLE BODY RESONANCE AND LINK BETWEEN INCIDENT FIELD STRENGTH AND
LOCALIZED SAR.
E. Conil, A. Hadjem, M.-F. Wong, J. Wiart, Orange Labs R&D, Issy-les-moulineaux, France
A number of studies have been performed to analyze adults and also children absorption response to electromagnetic waves
exposure. These studies have been mainly focused on the relationship between the whole-body SAR and the incident field strength.
This first part of this paper deals with the whole body resonance region. The frequency of the whole body resonance and its
amplitude are simply correlated to the height of the models. In the second part, the compliance with ICNIRP basic restrictions in
terms of localized 10g SAR for incident field set to ICNIRP reference levels has been verified.
08:40
K05.3 WHOLE BODY AVERAGE SAR LIMITS SHOULD BE REMOVED FROM RF SAFETY STANDARDS
1,2 1
2
V. Anderson ; Kordia Pty Ltd, NSW, Australia; Swinburne University of Technology, VIC, Australia
This presentation argues for removing basic restrictions on whole body average (WBA) SAR from RF exposure standards and
guidelines for the following reasons: 1) a lack of credible medical reports for adverse RF whole body heating effects 2) the very
limited range of exposure scenarios which could induce significant WBA heating; 3) the slow onset of whole body heating effects
and ample sensory prewarning; 4) The trivial scale of RF WBA heating compared to other common environmental thermal
influences; 5) the need to better formulate ambient electric and magnetic field exposure limits for protection against localised RF
heating effects.
09:00
K05.4 HIGHLY DETAILED LOW FREQUENCY FULL BODY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD SIMULATIONS IN 3-D
1
1,2
2,3 1
2
S. Benkler , N. Chavannes , N. Kuster ; Schmid & Partner Engineering AG (SPEAG), Zurich, Switzerland; IT'IS
3
Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETHZ), Zurich, Switzerland
Because the FDTD method becomes inefficient at low frequencies, other numerical schemes have to be considered. This study
investigates the electro and magneto quasi-static approximation in connection with the very detailed human body models (up to 84
distinguished tissues). The numerical kernel has proven to be efficient and robust for a wide variety of applications from statics up to
0.5 MHz.
09:20
Tea/Coffee Break
09:40
K05.5 APPLICATION OF INDUCED AND CONTACT CURRENTS FOR TESTING COMPLIANCE OF WORKERS'
EMF EXPOSURE WITH SAFETY GUIDANCE
J. Karpowicz, K. Gryz, Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Warszawa,
Poland
Safety guidance on permissible exposure of workers to electromagnetic fields, like European Directive 2004/40/EC or IEEE
standards, provide limitations for induced and contact currents. Possibility of direct measurements of such parameters at particular
workplace is very important for the management of the occupational risk in the case of highly exposed workers. Results of
investigations conducted in variety of workplace in broadcasting centres (of the frequency 2MHz - 110MHz) and health care centers
(electrosurgery) will be presented (over 400 workplace), as well as guidelines for practical use of such exposure assessment
methods and requirements for measurement devices.
212
10:00
K05.6 RF EXPOSURE OF ROOFTOP WORKERS CLOSE TO BASE STATION ANTENNAS
M. Hietanen, T. Alanko, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
The increase in amount of base stations has caused concerns among both the general public and workers about the radiofrequency
(RF) emissions. At specific situations, workers need to approach close to the transmitting base station antennas. In this study,
occupational exposure to RF fields from base station antennas was assessed at several rooftops. The RF measurements were
taken around the antennas. The results were compared with ICNIRP guidelines. The results indicate that the reference levels for
workers and the general public may be exceeded in front of the transmitting antenna at distances up to 1 and 2 m, respectively.
10:20
K05.7 MANAGEMENT OF THE EMF EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT RESULTS IN THE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND
SAFETY SYSTEMS, WITH ATTENTION TO THE UNCERTAINTY OF EMF EXPOSURE NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS
AND MEASUREMENTS
J. Karpowicz, K. Gryz, Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Warszawa,
Poland
Occupational safety and health systems use results of assessment of various parameters of workers' exposure to EMF to test
compliance with safety guidance (measurements of field levels, induced and contact currents or numerical simulations). Compliance
with basic restrictions (SAR and induced current density) can be test by various combinations of such methods. The management of
the uncertainty of such assessment of EMF hazard should match up with the exposure physical pattern, exposure level,
organizational and financial potential of user/owner of EMF source, etc. Proposal for the protocol of managing the EMF assessment
uncertainty for occupational legislation will be presented.
10:40
End of the Session
213
PUBLIC LECTURE
Session Chair: Piergiorgio Uslenghi
Session
L4
Type
Oral Presentation
Schedule
Room
Regency BD
11:00
L4.1 SEEING THE UNSEEN: FROM POLARIZATION-SENSITIVE EYES TO BIOLOGICALLY-INSPIRED SENSING
AND IMAGING SCIENCE
N. Engheta, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
12:00
End of the Session
214
URSI GA – Poster Presentations y Tuesday, August 12, 2008
GENERAL POSTER SESSION I COMMISSION A
Session Chair: P BANERJEE
Session
AP1
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
Riverside Center Exhibition Hall
AP1.1
COMPUTER TECHNIQUES OF RAY TRACING IN NON-ISOTROPIC MEDUIM
O. O. Akinnawo, Crawford University, Faith City, Igbesa Ogun State, Nigeria, Igbesa, Ogun State, Nigeria
The interaction of the ionosphere with radio signals at HF is an important consideration in long distance radio communication and
telecommunication. In this work computer approach with radio ray tracing has been used to probe the terrestrial ionosphere from 60
km to 350 km. The formulation uses Appleton- Hartree formula and the geometry for refraction of radio ray through a stratified
ionosphere. The collisions of electrons with neutral particles are neglected and slowly varying medium is assumed. Only the O-wave
is considered. The results obtained in this work will be valuable for radio wave propagation.
AP1.2
THE SYSTEMATIC OPTIMIZATION DESIGNS FOR THE MICROWAVE WIDE BAND BLACKBODY CALIBRATION
TARGETS ELECTROMAGNETIC AND THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS
1
1,2
2 1
F. Nian , W. Wang , P. K. Huang ; National Key Laboratory of Metrology and Calibration Technology, Beijing, China
2
(CIE); The Second Academy of China Aerospace Science & Industry Corp., Beijing, China (CIE)
The systematic optimizations to the microwave wide band blackbody calibration target applied for the microwave radiometers prelaunch calibrations are researched with its electromagnetic and thermal characteristics based on the Kirchhoffs law, the sub-grid
finite difference time domain（FDTD）method and the thermal analysis. Optimization results indict that round wedge is better than
the square one, the best ratio for height to bottom radius is 4:1 for the wide band application, and the absorbing materials gradual
thickness coating and multilayer coating are helpful to guarantee the uniform distribution of surface temperature with a higher
emissivity.
AP1.3
STANDARD ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) MEASUREMENTS, FEASIBILITY OF A WIDE-BAND
CALCULABLE ANTENNA
1,2
3 1
2
A. Kazemipour , X. Begaud ; Laboratoire National de Metrologie et d'Essais LNE, Paris Region, France; Electr.
3
Faculty, UTM University, Johor, Malaysia; Telecom-Paris Tech., Paris, France
A wideband Bi-conical antenna is presented which its input impedance (without Balun) is matched to 50W for 100MHz to 2GHz. By
its constant Gain and slight variation of radiation pattern for this frequency range, the antenna can be used as low-uncertainty
calculable standard of E-Field. No need to impedance matching system together with the fixed-placed phase-center of the antenna
can vanish two important uncertainty causes and improve the measurement accuracy. Preliminary results are reported.
AP1.4
AN ACCURATE MODEL FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPAGATION FROM
UNDERGROUND PIPES TO THE SURFACE
B. Fiorelli, R. Stefanelli, D. Trinchero, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
Breaks and fractures in water distribution networks represent a problem of growing interest. Some authors are analysing the
possibility of using wireless sensor networks to monitor water leakage in underground pipes. The present work provides an
extensive analytical formulation for the characterisation of radio-frequency electromagnetic field propagation from the inner part of
the tube to the ground surface, taking into account the electromagnetic properties of liquid, pipe and terrain.
215
MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS AND ARRAYS
Session
BP1
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
BP1.1
ANALYSIS OF U-SLOT LOADED PATCH FOR DUALBAND OPERATION
1
2
2
2
1 1
B. R. Vishvakarma , J. A. Ansari , S. K. Dubey , P. Singh , R. U. Khan ; I T BHU, Varanasi, Varanasi, India;
2
University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
The analysis of U- slot loaded patch is carried out using equivalent circuit concept. The antenna exhibits dual resonance and the
separation between two resonances is sensitive to the dimension of the slot. The theoretical results are compared with the
simulated data using IE3D software which are in close agreement. Further radiation pattern is found to be invariant with the slot
dimensions.
BP1.2
WIDEBAND PATCH ANTENNA WITH DIFFERENTIAL FEED
D. S. Filipovic, H. Zhou, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
This paper introduces a novel feeding technique aimed for increasing the bandwidth of a patch antenna. It is shown that by using
two 180 degrees out of phase excited cylindrical probes, the bandwidth of a patch antenna can be dramatically increased. Based on
the proposed differential cylindrical probes (DCP) feed, we designed a square patch antenna with 104% impedance bandwidth for
VSWR<2:1. The consistent gain and pattern bandwidths are maintained over 60%. Proposed feed method also enhances the
mechanical stability and enables better reproducibility when compared with other wide band patches.
BP1.3
CHARACTERISTICS OF A CIRCULARLY-POLARISED CONICAL-BEAM MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA ARRAYS
C. H. See, D. Zhou, R. A. Abd-Alhameed, University of Bradford, Mobile Satellite Communication Research Centre,
Bradford, United Kingdom; P. S. Excell, North East Wales Institute of Higher Education (NEWI), University of Wales,
Wrexham, United Kingdom
This paper demonstrates the characteristics of a new microstrip antenna arrays radiating circularly polarized conical beam. The
proposed antenna is realised as an array of a number of stripline fed slot patches whose diagonal corners are cut off and feed lines
meet a central feed point. Designs of practical prototypes of such an antenna array with three patches are studied and tested. Both
simulated and measured results meet satisfactory agreement for the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Wireless LAN
applications.
BP1.4
SEE-THROUGH MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS AND THEIR OPTIMIZATION
T. W. Turpin, R. Baktur, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
Patch antennas made from meshed conductors are analyzed in this paper. Although meshed antennas have gained an increased
interest in recent publications, we found some important antenna parameters not captured. This paper is intended to present a more
complete study on the effect of the mesh geometry. We found that although there is a compromise between the antenna efficiency
and see-through percentage, one is able to optimize the antenna by carefully designing the mesh. A refined mesh with thin grid
width increases both radiation and the see-through properties.
BP1.5
DESIGN OF COMPACT MICROSTRIP PATCH ARRAY FOR WIDE BAND COMMUNICATION
V. R. Gupta, S. K. Sahoo, N. Gupta, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Log periodic arrays are well known for their broad band width with moderate gain. For many applications microstrip antennas well
suited because of its inherent properties like lightweight, conformability easy fabrication, but have limitation of low band width and
gain. The bandwidth and gain further decreases in compact configuration of the patch. In the present paper compact log periodic
microstrip patch has been proposed, which increases the bandwidth and at the same time it also decreases the size of the log
periodic microstrip patch array.
BP1.6
ANALYSIS OF SYMMETRICALLY GUNN LOADED MICROSTRIP ANTENNA WITH PARASITIC ELEMENTS
1
2
2
2
1 1
B. R. Vishvakarma , J. A. Ansari , P. Singh , S. K. Dubey , R. U. Khan ; I T BHU, Varanasi, Varanasi, India;
2
University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
The analysis of Gunn loaded patch with parasitic elements at the radiating edges of the patch has been carried out using equivalent
circuit concept. It is observed that addition of the parasitic elements improves the band of operation to 400 MHz (bandwidth 5.23%,
center frequency 8.95GHz) as compared to 297 MHz (bandwidth 3.06%, center frequency 8.90 GHz) for Gunn loaded patch.
Antenna also shows tunability of 50 MHz for bias voltage 8 V to 15 V ( Vth=4.4 V) and it exhibits enhanced radiation by 0.53 dB as
compared to patch alone.
216
BP1.7
A DUAL-POLARIZED SHORTED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WIDEBAND APPLICATIONS
S. Ryu, A. A. Kishk, UNIV. OF MISSISSIPPI, OXFORD, MS, United States
A new design of a wideband dually-polarized shorted microstrip patch antenna coupled to hook shaped probes is presented. The
antenna is designed to operate around 4 GHz. The mechanisms of the shorted microstrip patch antenna provide wider impedance
bandwidth over 37%. The shorted patch is smaller than as with to the unshorted patch. The present design provides about 40 dB
isolation level between the two ports. Also, a stable low cross polarization level is around -20dB for both E-and H-planes.
BP1.9
DESIGN OF A MICROSTRIP PATCH TCAS ANTENNA
S. D. Gupta, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India; V. K. Sharma, A. Jain,
aypee Institute of Information Technology University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
The TCAS (Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System) antennae protrude from the body of the aircraft, which offer resistance to
the airflow. Suitable solution to the problem is suggested. Microstrip antenna can be embedded on the body of the aircraft thereby
solving the problem of disrupted airflow. The physical parameters of the microstrip patch antenna are varied to conform to the gain
and other specifications for real time operation. The patch obtained is simulated to validate the results obtained from TCAS manual.
which replicated the properties of the TCAS antenna and can be embedded in the body of the aircraft
BP1.10
COMPARISONS OF GROUND PLANE TECHNIQUES FOR THE ISOLATION OF COSITED MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS
K. Coles, K. C. Kerby, J. T. Bernhard, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
This work compares the isolation effect of two different ground plane structures placed between cosited patch antennas. The first
structure examined, designed by Alvey [1], is a meander line embedded into the ground plane. The second structure, described in a
paper by Chiu et al. [2], is made by creating parallel slots in the ground plane. Simulated S21 data is presented for each antenna to
show the potential advantage of one design over the other.
BP1.11
A STUDY OF MICROFLUIDIC COMPENSATION MECHANISMS FOR DEFORMABLE ANTENNAS
S. A. Long, G. H. Huff, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
A microfluidic reconfiguration/reaction mechanism has been used in this work to compensate the physical deformation (bending) of
a microstrip patch antenna. The bend-assisted displacement of electromagnetically functionalized colloidal dispersions (EFCDs)
through a substrate-embedded capillary facilitates this functionality, and results in a stable impedance bandwidth throughout
bending/pivoting. Simulated results (impedance and radiation patterns) are included for a 3 GHz patch antenna on a flexible
substrate which maintains a stable VSWR 2:1 bandwidth of 59 MHz as the structure bends up to 90 degrees.
BP1.12
CIRCULAR POLARIZATION ANTENNAS WITH HIGH PERMITTIVITY SUBSTRATES AND SELF-BIASED NICOFERRITE FILMS LOADING
G. Yang, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
Circular polarization antennas with self-biased magnetic films loading are designed and analyzed in this paper. The designed
circular polarization antenna is realized by a cross slot with unequal length of slots on a circular patch and fed by a coupling
microstrip. The self-biased magnetic films are used as a practical means to tune the working frequency of the antenna. Three
different cases of antennas with films loading are designed and analyzed. Antennas with self-biased magnetic films loading working
at 1.575 GHz exhibit a tuning range of 10% ~30% of the antenna bandwidth.
BP1.13
GEODA: UNITARY CELL DISTRIBUTION, COMPOSITION AND WORKING PROPERTIES.
1
1
2
1 1
2
I. Montesinos , M. Sierra , J.-L. Masa , J.-L. Fernndez ; Universidad Politcnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Autnoma
University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
A smart, conformal and multi-array antenna (GEODA) is being developed in order to receive signals from several satellites
simultaneously in the 1.7 GHz working band. An adaptive beam system is able to follow the signals from the satellite constellation.
The complex structure of the antenna is based in similar arrays of triangular shape. These arrays are divided in sub-arrays of three
elements called Cells composing the single control element for the arrays main beam direction management. In this paper, the
working properties and the design of one cell will be shown and discussed.
BP1.14
ANALYSIS OF A PATCH ANTENNA CONFIGURATION WITH ENHANCED GAIN
Y. M. M. Antar, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; S. F. Mahmoud, M. Mohanna, Kuwait
University, Safat, Kuwait
A rigorous analysis for the derivation of radiation fields from a simple dipole in the presence of a layered medium configuration is
presented. Conditions required for enhanced antenna gain are deduced and comparisons with simulation results are made. It is
seen that antenna gains of up to 20 dB are feasible using a three layer configuration. It is shown that the leaky wave approach
introduced earlier in the literature agree well with our results for high permittivity of the superstrate.
217
THEORY AND SIMULATIONS OF ANTENNA ARRAYS
Session
BP2
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
BP2.1
ORAMA PLUS - A COMPUTER TOOL FOR THE DESIGN OF NONUNIFORMLY SPACED ANTENNA ARRAYS
G. S. Miaris, T. N. Kaifas, J. N. Sahalos, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
The ORAMA plus tool, for synthesis of nonuniformly spaced antenna arrays is presented. The orthogonal and the orthogonal
perturbation method are employed. ORAMA plus can be used for synthesis of general arrays under constraints on pattern nulls or
on pattern areas minimization and/or on SLL. The tool has been designed as a Windows MDI application where multiple array
synthesis are performed simultaneously. Several design cases can be chosen in the tool menu. Elements such as point sources,
dipoles, microstrips and horns are used in the applications. Examples for different arrays and patterns show the usefulness of the
tool.
BP2.2
ADAPTIVE MASK SCALING IN ALTERNATING-PROJECTION ANTENNA SYNTHESIS
J. L. Araque Quijano, G. Vecchi, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
In the constrained antenna synthesis via the alternating projections method, the calculation of projections often impacts on the
quality of the obtained solution, and therefore is a relevant issue in practice. We propose a novel approach to compute these
projections, based on the linearity of the excitation-to-field relationship, and the non-linearity of the projection operations. In our
approach, at each iteration step we adaptively change the reference levels, based on the properties of the employed metric. The
approach appears generally applicable, simple to implement, and computationally efficient. These properties are confirmed by
application examples.
BP2.3
ANALYSIS OF ANTENNA ARRAYS WITH DISTRIBUTED FEED NETWORK USING THE TIME-DOMAIN FINITE
ELEMENT METHOD
R. Wang, H. Wu, A. C. Cangellaris, J.-M. Jin, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
An efficient numerical scheme is presented for incorporating the feed network into the time domain finite element modeling of
antenna arrays. The feed network is represented in rational approximation of frequency-domain S-matrix that enables its interfacing
with the time domain finite element modeling of the array through a recursive convolution. The exchange of information between
antenna elements and the feed network occurs through the incident and reflected modal voltages at properly defined port interfaces.
This method simplifies the simulation of antenna arrays with distributed feed networks and significantly extends the current antenna
modeling capability to the system level.
BP2.4
CLOSED FORM EXPRESSION OF POWER LOSSES OF TIMEMODULATED ARRAYS
J. C. Bregains, F. J. Ares-Pena, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela,
Spain; G. Franceschetti, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
In this communication we review and formalise the mathematical expressions of time−modulated linear arrays (TMLAs), examining
a number of issues. First, the total power associated to the technique is examined, then, the appropriate definition of dynamic
efficiency is obtained. Finally, a closed form expression for the power associated to sideband radiation is obtained. These provide a
significant advancement on available knowledge on the subject.
BP2.5
A FAST RAY-TRACING METHOD FOR MICROSTRIP ROTMAN LENS ANALYSIS
J. Dong, A. I. Zaghloul, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, VA, United States; R. Rotman, IAI Elta
Electronics Industries, Ashdod, Israel
The optimization of microstrip Rotman lens prior to its fabrication involves considerable iterations and integration between the
structure and its performance. The existing full wave solvers can be computationally expensive for simulating such electrically large
structure. Driven by the initial need for a fast simulation method for the Rotman lens structure, we propose a ray tracing method to
handle the couplings and multi-reflections within the lens cavity. In this paper, the ray tracing design scheme is described and
results are shown and compared with the CST/Microwave Studio full wave analysis results.
218
BP2.6
ON USING TWO 4-ELEMENT ARSAC ARRAYS TO OBTAIN THE POWER PATTERN OF A TWENTY ELEMENT
CONVENTIONAL LINEAR ARRAY
R. H. MacPhie, L. Yuan, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
The 4-element Arsac array is the largest linear array with zero spatial frequency redundancy. This paper considers two such arrays
with assumed isotropic elements. The arrays themselves are separated along their common axis by 13 half wavelengths. Additive
voltage patterns are formed from the received RF outputs of the eight elements. Voltage pattern pairs are then multiplied together to
give product patterns which are added to obtain a final system product pattern. Then, by matching the spatial frequency amplitudes
with those of any conventional 20-element array, one obtains a product pattern equal to its power pattern.
BP2.7
INCREASING CHANNEL CAPACITY OF LINEAR ARRAY SYSTEMS WITH TRAVELING WAVE POLARIZED
ANTENNAS
G. Gupta, A. Rajagopalan, B. L. Hughes, G. Lazzi, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
Linear array antennas are very versatile and find a variety of applications in beam-forming and direction-of-arrival estimation. On the
other hand, traveling wave antennas provide a broad-band response. In this paper, we combine the two concepts to study the
benefits that tri-polarized traveling wave antennas can provide when used in linear array configuration as compared to analogous
uni-polarized arrays. Using degrees of freedom and simulations we show that tri-polarized traveling wave antennas can provide
increased channel capacity as compared to uni-polarized antennas.
BP2.8
A NUMERICALLY EFFICIENT TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINING THE COUPLING IN ELECTRICALLY LARGE
CONFORMAL ANTENNA ARRAY SYSTEMS
J. N. Bringuier, R. Mittra, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
In this work we provide a novel approach to finding the Greens function for layered media using BOR-FDTD. From this information
we can extrapolate the fields to electrically large distances using Pronys method. As an application of this approach we determine
the coupling between two large Ku-band and X-band arrays using the reaction concept.
BP2.9
WIDE-SCAN ANGLE EXTENDED RESONANCE PHASED ARRAY
D. Ehyaie, A. Mortazawi, The University of Michigan, Ann arbor, MI, United States
A new circuit for designing phased arrays based on the extended resonance technique is presented. Achievable phase shift
between adjacent antennas in extended resonance phased array is studied and a new circuit design is proposed to maximize the
scan angle. Theoretical analysis of the proposed circuit is carried out. As a proof of principle, a ten element phased array at 5 GHz
was designed. Simulation results show a scan angle of approximately 110 degrees.
BP2.10
FFT & EQUIVALENTLY TAPERED APERIODIC ARRAYS
A. Capozzoli, C. Curcio, G. D'Elia, A. Liseno, P. Vinetti, Universita' di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
We present a novel approach to the synthesis of equivalently tapered, aperiodic linear arrays, i.e. uniformly excited arrays matching
the requirements on the power pattern by acting only on the element positions. The algorithm is computationally efficient as the
array factor is computed by routines whose computational burden is comparable to that of standard FFT routines. The approach
adopts also an effective representation of the positions to limit the design parameters and to accommodate requirements concerning
superdirectivity, mutual coupling and array size. The computational effectiveness is discussed and the results concerning equivalent
binomial and exponential tapers are presented.
BP2.11
DESIGN OF CIRCULAR ANTENNA ARRAY USING PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION
M. Rattan, GNDEC, Ludhiana, ludhiana, India; M. S. Patterh, UCoE, Patiala, patiala, India; B. S. Sohi, UIET,
Chandigarh, chandigarh, India
A new technique is proposed for the design of circular antenna arrays using particle swarm optimization. The design problem has
been formulated to achieve a desired beamwidth and sidelobe level. This is accomplished by jointly optimizing the excitation
amplitude and phase. The results obtained show improvement over conventional linear programming method.
219
FREQUENCY SELECTIVE SURFACES
Session
BP3
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
BP3.1
THIN AND LOW-PROFILE MINIATURIZED-ELEMENT FREQUENCY SELECTIVE SURFACES WITH HIGHERORDER BAND-PASS RESPONSES
N. Behdad, M. Al-Joumayly, M. Salehi, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
A new class of extremely thin and low-profile frequency selective surfaces (FSS) with a third-order band-pass frequency response is
presented in this paper. Unlike traditional FSSs, the proposed structure utilizes a combination of non-resonant and resonant
constituting elements and has miniaturized unit cell dimensions and periodicities. The combination of its ultra-small thickness and
miniaturized unit cell dimensions ensures that the frequency response of the structure does not significantly vary as a function of the
incidence angle and makes it an ideal candidate for conformal FSS applications.
BP3.2
LOW PROFILE SECOND-ORDER, BAND-PASS FREQUENCY SELECTIVE SURFACES WITH MINIATURIZED
ELEMENTS
M. A. Al-Joumayly, N. Behdad, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
A new approach for designing low profile second-order band-pass frequency selective surface (FSS) is presented. The FSSs
designed using this technique utilize non-resonant sub-wavelength constituting unit cells with unit cell dimensions and periodicities
in the order of 0.15 of the wavelength and have a thickness which is considerably smaller than the thickness of second-order FSSs
designed using traditional techniques. Two FSS prototypes are designed using this technique, fabricated, and tested. A free space
measurement setup used to characterize their frequency responses for both TE and TM polarization and various angles of incidence.
BP3.3
MINIATURIZED-ELEMENT FREQUENCY SELECTIVE SURFACES
K. Sarabandi, F. Bayatpur, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
This article presents an overview of the progress made in the design of a new class of spatial filters known as miniaturized-element
frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) in recent years at the University of Michigan. The research in designing the new class was
initiated with the demand for FSSs with overall small dimensions for low frequency applications and reducing the dependence of the
frequency selective properties of the surfaces on the incidence angle. It is shown that such surfaces work predominantly in TEM
mode, resulting in suppression of higher-order Bragg modes and elimination of the harmonic responses.
BP3.4
SECOND-ORDER, DUAL X-/KA-BAND FREQUENCY SELECTIVE SURFACES UTILIZING SUB-WAVELENGTH
PERIODIC STRUCTURES
M. Salehi, N. Behdad, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
In this paper, a new technique for designing dual-band frequency selective surfaces with arbitrary bands of operation and secondorder band-pass responses is presented and experimentally verified. At its lower band of operation, the unit cell of the proposed
FSS is composed of non-resonant sub-wavelength elements with periodicities and unit cell dimensions that are considerably smaller
than a wavelength. At the higher band, the unit cell of the FSS will act as a compact resonant slot structure. Two FSS prototypes
with transmission windows at X-band and Ka-band are designed, fabricated, and experimentally characterized.
BP3.5
DESIGN AND MEASUREMENT OF MULTI-BAND, MINIATURIZED-ELEMENT FREQUENCY SELECTIVE SURFACES
F. Bayatpur, K. Sarabandi, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
Multi-band frequency selective surface (FSS) structures employing a thin, miniaturized-element FSS as the building-blocks are
presented. Two approaches are considered, and prototypes are fabricated and tested. The first design is based on cascading
multiple miniaturized-element surfaces to achieve the desired response. The second approach, improves upon the first approach by
introducing a single-face, miniaturized-element FSS which allows for placement of such FSSs on a single substrate, thus reducing
the overall thickness of the surface. In addition, the latter multi-band FSS shows a better out-of-band rejection compared to the first
design.
220
DIELECTRIC RESONATOR ANTENNAS
Session
BP6
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
BP6.1
QUARTER OF A HEMISPHERICAL DIELECTRIC RESONATOR:NEW GEOMETRY EXPLORED TO DESIGN A
WIDEBAND MONOPOLE -TYPE ANTENNA
D. Guha, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India; B. Gupta, Techno India, Kolkata, India; Y. M. M. Antar, Royal Military
College of Canada, Kingston, Canada
A new shape of the dielectric resonator (DR) is proposed and investigated. The geometry originates from a hemispherical DR by
bisecting its one half, which results in a quarter of a hemisphere. This new DR element has been successfully employed in 4element configuration that generates uniform and highly symmetric monopole like radiation with about 5 dBi peak gain over about
38% bandwidth indicating its suitability for using as indoor/outdoor wireless applications.
BP6.2
MICROFLUIDIC MECHANISMS FOR RECONFIGURABLE DIELECTRIC RESONATOR ANTENNAS
J. J. McDonald, G. H. Huff, Electromagnetics and Microwave Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States
This work examines the ability of electromagnetically functionalized colloidal dispersions (ECFDs) to dynamically reconfigure the
impedance and radiation properties of a cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA). Since fluidic reconfiguration is compatible
with several geometries and excitation methods, this approach creates a very large design space for DRAs. Fluidic reconfiguration
allows continuous tuning of the resonant frequency across a wide bandwidth, and the use of EFCDs provides multiple choices for
the reconfiguration mechanism. Simulated results of the impedance and radiation behavior of the DRA demonstrate the applicability
of EFCDs to DRA reconfiguration.
221
ANTENNA ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Session
BP7
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
BP7.1
A WIDEBAND, DUAL-POLARIZED, DIFFERENTIALLY-FED CAVITY-BACKED SLOT ANTENNA
R. C. Paryani, P. F. Wahid, N. Behdad, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
A new technique for designing wideband dual-polarized cavity-backed slot antennas, that are especially suitable for operation in an
array environment, is presented. The proposed structure is in the form of a double-resonant, dual-polarized slot antenna backed by
a shallow cavity. The presence of the cavity behind the slot reduces the possibility of surface wave propagation in the antenna
substrate when the element is used in an array environment. Measurement results indicate that a bandwidth of 21%, an average
gain of 5 dB, and a differential isolation of 30 dB can easily be achieved using this technique.
BP7.2
BANDWIDTH CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVEGUIDE-FED PLANAR SLOT ARRAYS
S. R. Rengarajan, S. Chatterjee, California State University, Northridge, CA, United States
In this work we investigated the bandwidth characteristics of waveguide-fed planar slot arrays. Elliott's technique was used to design
a number of end-fed and center-fed planar arrays with different aperture distributions and different amounts overloading in terms of
conductances of radiating slots and resistances of coupling slots. Subsequently these arrays were analyzed by employing a full
wave method of moments to solve for the coupled integral equations for the slot aperture electric field. Results of a study of radiation
pattern and return loss as a function of frequency for different amounts of overloading are presented.
BP7.3
OFF-AXIS BEAM EFFICIENCIES OF PARABOLIC REFLECTORS FED BY FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS COMPRISING
HARD RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDES
M. Ng Mou Kehn, L. Shafai, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
The efficiencies of off-axis beams of paraboloidal reflector antennas fed by focal plane arrays (FPA) are investigated. The focal
plane field, which the FPA samples, is synthesized by integration of the physical optics (PO) electric currents over the reflector
surface caused by the off-axis incident plane wave. Full mutual coupling analysis has been performed in the FPA, thereby taking
into account mutual coupling losses. The fields over the tilted elliptical aperture of off-axis beams needed for calculation of the
aperture efficiency are obtained by projecting the focal plane fields to this tilted aperture using geometrical optics (GO).
BP7.4
CAVITY ANTENNA WITH PARTLY TRANSPARENT APERTURE FOR TWO POLARIZATIONS
1,2
1
2
3 1
N. I. Voytovich , A. V. Ershov , N. N. Repin , A. N. Sokolov ; Southern Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian
2
Federation; Nauchno-Issledovatelsky Institut po Izmeritelnoi Tekhnike, Open Corporation, Chelyabinsk, Russian
3
Federation; Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Cavity antenna with partly transparent aperture for several linear and circular polarization is presented. The antenna is an open
metal resonant cavity the height of which is close to half wavelength and laterals dimensions are several wavelength. Cavity
antenna is excited by a stripline through coupling openings. The system of integral equations is received relative to unknown
distributions of electric and magnetic currents on apertures of coupling and radiating openings. For the computation of electric and
magnetic fields Green tensor function method is used. Both measured and computed radiation patterns, directivity, return loss of the
antenna prototypes presented.
BP7.5
EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION ON PLASMA ANTENNAS
E. Vecchioni, G. Cerri, P. Russo, V. Mariani Primiani, Universit Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
Plasma antenna represents a completely new technology that used plasma elements instead of metal ones. This paper presents
some of the experimental and theoretical results achieved in the plasma antenna research developed in our laboratories, in
particular we developed a self-consistent model able to describe the ionization of a plasma due to the propagation of an
electromagnetic wave. A preliminary comparison between numerical and experimental results concerning the plasma conductivity is
reported.
222
BP7.6
EFFECTS OF DISCRETIZATION ON THIN ELEMENTARY HOLOGRAMS
S. Thirakoune, A. Petosa, A. Ittipiboon, Communication Research Centre Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
The effects of binary discretization of the interference patterns of thin holograms designed for antenna applications is studied. The
impact of using different rules for determining the transparent and opaque regions of the hologram is investigated by using a finitedifference time domain analysis to estimate the radiation patterns of the resultant antennas. For the selected discretization rules
studied, a variation of 1.7 dB in directivity was observed, indicating the importance of properly choosing the discretization rule in
obtaining the best antenna performance.
BP7.7
A NEW FRESNEL ZONE ANTENNA WITH BEAM FOCUSED IN THE FRESNEL REGION
S. Karimkashi, A. K. Kishk, University of Mississippi, University, MS, United States
A new Fresnel Zone (FZ) Antenna to focus the microwave power in the radiation near field region is presented. FZ Antennas, in
comparison with array antennas or reflector antennas, conventional focused antennas, take the advantages of design simplicity as
well as lower sidelobe levels (SLL) in both axial and transverse directions. Simulation results and comparisons made between the
new structure and aperture antennas based on the quadratic phase distribution show a reduction of sidelobe levels in both axial and
transverse directions.
BP7.8
ISOLATION OF SURFACE WAVE BEHAVIOR IN ANTENNA SUBSTRATES USING THE THRU-REFLECT-LINE
CALIBRATION METHOD
K. C. Kerby, J. T. Bernhard, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
A method is presented by which the S-parameters of structures in the substrate between two antennas may be obtained, treating
the propagating surface wave mode as the reference transmission line. The Thru-Reflect-Line (TRL) calibration method is used to
calibrate out the behavior of the antennas, which are considered to be part of the test fixture. Design of appropriate calibration
standards is discussed, as are possible sources of error of the calibration. Successful calibration allows direct analysis of the
behavior of structures between the antennas, such as those intended to reduce coupling.
BP7.9
ANALYSIS OF A MONOPOLE ANTENNA LOADED BY NETWORK COUPLED TRANSMISSION LINES
A. W. Schreiber, C. M. Butler, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
The design of cylindrical monopole antennas whose bandwidth can be controlled and enhanced, by loading the structure, is of
interest. In this paper, a cylindrical monopole antenna loaded with two "folded coaxial cavities" is considered. To simplify the solution
for the current on the the antenna surface, two zero order 2-port network models replace terms in the coupled integral equation at
the "folds" and the remainder of the cavity is treated as a shorted transmission line. Numerical data computed with and without the
use of the network models is presented. Measured data is also provided.
BP7.10
ON APPLYING FAR-FIELD MODAL DECOMPOSITION FOR EVALUATING THE CONVERGENCE BETWEEN
MODELING AND MEASUREMENTS OF MODULATED ARM WIDTH SPIRALS
W. N. Kefauver, D. S. Filipovic, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States; T. P. Cencich, Lockheed
Martin, Denver, CO, United States
The measured performance of 4-arm MAW spirals is compared to simulations. Various computational approximations of the model
are evaluated for their effective convergence using modal analysis techniques. Sensitivity to the passband geometry of the MAW is
examined for its impact on low frequency performance. MAW spiral belongs to the class of FI antennas with structure described by
the angles. It is also log-periodically resonant, and its solution represents the worst case instability of a design. Thus the variations
between the measurements and the simulations will verify how well a sensor performance can be predicted without calibration.
223
LEAKY-WAVE ANTENNAS
Session
BP8
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
BP8.1
FINITE ELEMENT BOUNDARY INTEGRAL ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL CAVITYBACKED LEAKY-WAVE ANTENNAS
C. A. Jaramillo, L. C. Kempel, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
Trough antennas radiate via an aperture field and as with all aperture antennas, the radiation characteristics of the antenna are
governed by the distribution of the aperture field, both in terms of magnitude and phase spatial variation. The antenna presented
herein is inspired by the half-width microstrip leaky-wave radiator aiming to provide a good near end-fire radiation pattern. The finite
element boundary integral (FE-BI) method is used to predict the performance of the cavity backed antenna. In this paper, some
details about the FE-BI implementation are presented as well as the initial antenna design.
BP8.2
ANALYSIS OF A GAP-COUPLED MICROSTRIP LINE LEAKY-WAVE ANTENNA
S. Paulotto, P. Baccarelli, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; D. R. Jackson, University of Houston,
Houston, TX, USA
Two models are described to characterize 1D arrays of metallic patches on a grounded dielectric substrate. Both representations
are based on a simple unit-cell equivalent network, which takes into account radiation from the periodic gap discontinuity through a
lumped resistive element. The radiation conductance of the gap is derived by considering two different quasi-analytical approaches
and is calculated numerically as a function of the frequency and of the geometrical and physical parameters of the structure. The
Bloch-wave dispersion behavior obtained through the proposed equivalent network is shown to be in excellent agreement with the
full-wave analysis.
BP8.3
FULL CHARACTERIZATION OF DIRECTIVE AND NON-DIRECTIVE SURFACE-WAVE LAUNCHERS AND
APPLICATION TO SURFACE-WAVE AND LEAKY-WAVE BEAM SCANNING ANTENNAS
1,2
2
1,2 1
S. K. Podilchak , A. P. Freundorfer , Y. M. M. Antar ; Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada;
2
Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
Slotted Yagi-Uda like surface-wave launcher (SWL) antennas are investigated for TM0 surface-wave (SW) launching on a grounded
dielectric slab (GDS). Such SWLs are applicable to millimeter wave power distribution networks and leaky-wave (LW) beam
scanning antennas. Two SWLs are investigated that generate bidirectional and unidirectional SW beam patterns. Measurement and
simulation results will be provided illustrating the SW beam patterns generated by these SWLs. In addition, an array of SWLs will be
investigated for single frequency SW beam steering on the GDS and extension to controlled leaky-wave excitation.
224
NUMERICAL SCATTERING AND DIFFRACTION
Session
BP14
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
BP14.1
RESONANT TRANSMISSION OF A CLASS OF SUB-WAVELENGTH APERTURES IN THIN CONDUCTING SCREEN
J.-W. Ko, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Gyeongbuk, South Korea; J. Yeo, Daegu University,
Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, South Korea; J.-E. Park, Y.-K. Cho, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
Resonant transmission of a class of sub-wavelength apertures in thin conducting screen is investigated in this paper. The
relationship between the transmitted power of resonant electrically small apertures with various shapes and the transmission cross
section of them is carefully examined, and the admittance of the apertures is calculated to validate the resonant behavior of them. It
is found that the transmitted power of an electrically small aperture at a resonance converges to the transmission cross section of it
independent of its shape and size, which is 3/4π square wavelengths.
BP14.2
A GENERALIZED SCATTERING MATRIX FOR ARBITRARILY SHAPED 2D SCATTERERS
L. Crocco, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Napoli, Italy; F. Cuomo, T. Isernia, Universita' Mediterranea di Reggio
Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
The scattering matrix is a computationally convenient tool for the evaluation of the scattered field. However, it can be easily
evaluated in a closed form only for canonical shapes. In this paper, a suitable re-interpretation of the Method of Auxiliary Sources
allows us to propose a new semi-analytical procedure for the evaluation of a Generalized-Scattering Matrix for arbitrarily shaped
two-dimensional objects. A simple numerical procedure based on the Singular Value Decomposition of the relevant operators is also
provided to fix the proper dimension of this G-SM. An example for a non canonical geometry is addressed.
BP14.3
MFIES APPLIED TO TOROIDAL STRUCTURES HAVE SPURIOUS SOLUTIONS.
1
2
1
2 1
2
K. Cools , F. P. Andriulli , F. Olyslager , E. Michielssen ; Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, MI, USA
In the presence of toroidal surfaces, the MFIE has a non-trivial nullspace in the static limit. Here, this is proven by explicitly
constructing a basis for this nullspace. Next, the effects of this nullspace on the numerical solution of both the frequency domain and
the time-domain MFIE's are investigated. Numerical examples are given that corroborate these statements.
BP14.4
A PHYSICAL MODEL OF ACOUSTO-ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE INTERACTION
A. M. Buerkle, K. Sarabandi, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
Acousto-electromagnetic wave interaction refers to the phenomena occurring when electromagnetic waves scatter from an object
vibrating at acoustic frequencies. The wave interaction yields additional information about the object than would otherwise be
available using pure acoustic or EM means of investigation. Previous analytical work established a simplified model of the physical
process to analyze solid cylindrical geometries. A hybrid acoustic and electromagnetic simulation tool has been developed to
analyze arbitrary two-dimensional targets. Details regarding the simulation environment, the implementation of the electromagnetic
portion of the tool, and the results for various objects will be presented at the assembly.
BP14.5
EXTENDED T-MATRIX METHOD TO STUDY THE ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF 3D OR 2D
HETEROGENEOUS STRUCTURES
V. Vigneras, IMS Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France; L. Oyhenart, XLIM Laboratory, University of
Limoges, Limoges, France
The goal of our work is to study the electromagnetic response of complex heterogeneous structures made with inclusions dispersed
into a matrix. These structures can be photonic band gap structures (PBG) or metamaterials whose specific properties can be used
in many domains in optical or microwave frequency range. A code of multiple-scattering had been developed at the laboratory to
calculate the scattered fields in heterogeneous structures made with N spheres, whatever their size and nature may be, dispersed in
a matrix to form three-dimensional structures. This model can be extended to two-dimensional structures and to spheroid inclusions
225
BP14.6
AN EFFICIENT T-MATRIX METHOD FOR ANALYZING THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING OF MULTIPLE PEC
OBJECTS
1
1,2 1
2
L. Sun , C. Weng ; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; University of Hongkong,
Hongkong, China (CIE)
An efficient way to obtain a small T-matrix for any arbitrary-shaped conducting scatterer is proposed. Based on the T-matrix
information for each scatterer, an algorithm considering the interactions of multiple scatterers is then proposed. Since the dimension
of each single T-matrix is much small than the unknowns of MOM method, the computation cost is greatly reduced for multiplescatterer problems. Moreover, due to the incidence independent property of the T-matrices, they don't need the recalculation for
different incident cases. This further reduces the cost.
226
ANALYTICAL SCATTERING AND DIFFRACTION
Session
BP15
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
BP15.1
PATTERN EQUATIONS METHOD FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS OF DIFFRACTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
ON TWO DIELECTRIC BODIES
E. A. Skorodumova, A. G. Kyurkchan, Moscow Technical University of Communication and Informatics, Moscow,
Russian Federation
An efficient method is proposed for solving the problem of diffraction on a group of dielectric bodies. The initial problem is reduced to
a system of algebraic equations by expanding the scattering patterns in vector angular spherical harmonics. The examples are
presented for solving the problem of diffraction on two bodies with different geometric and material parameters. It is shown that the
method offers a high rate of convergence that weakly depends on material parameters of the bodies and the distances between
them.
BP15.2
ANALYTICAL FORMULAS TO COMPUTE NEAR-FIELD MONOSTATIC RCS IN HIGH-FREQUENCIES
1
2
2
1 1
2
P. Pouliguen , C. Bourlier , R. Hemon , J.-F. Damiens ; DGA / CELAR, BRUZ, France; Polytech'Nantes, NANTES,
FRANCE
This communication presents high frequency analytical formulas to calculate monostatic RCS of perfectly conducting flat circular
and square plates, when these objects are observed in near field for normal and oblique incidences
BP15.3
EXACT FORMULATION OF DIFFRACTION BY A RECTANGULAR APERTURE IN A CONDUCTING SCREEN
BETWEEN TWO DIFFERENT MEDIUMS
H. Serizawa, Numazu National College of Technology, Numazu, Japan
The method of the Kobayashi potential (KP) is applied to electromagnetic diffraction by a rectangular aperture in an infinite
conducting screen. The screen is located between two mediums and its thickness is assumed to be negligibly small. Since the KP
method yields an eigenfunction expansion of the present geometry, the solution satisfies the proper edge condition. The expansion
coefficients are obtained from the matrix equation whose matrix elements consist of double infinite integrals.
BP15.4
ON THE OPTIMAL LIMITATIONS FOR SCATTERING OF SPHERICAL MODES
S. I. Nordebo, Vaxjo University, Vaxjo, Sweden; M. Gustafsson, C. Sohl, G. Kristensson, Lund University, Lund,
Sweden
Optimal limitations for scattering of spherical modes is considered where the geometry of the object is known but the temporal
dispersion is unknown. Using Cauchy integral relations similar to Fano's broadband matching theory, the optimal scattering
limitations are detemined by the static response as well as the high frequency asymptotics of the reflection coefficient. It is
conjectured that the problem of determining the scattering limitations of a dielectric sphere in the high-contrast limit is identical to the
closely related, and yet different problem of finding the broadband tuning limits of the spherical modes.
BP15.5
PLANE WAVE DIFFRACTION BY A SLIT COUPLED CYLINDRICAL CAVITY WITH ECCENTRIC INTERIOR LOADING
S. Seran, P. Donohoe, E. Topsakal, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
In the present work, we investigate the plane wave diffraction by a slit coupled cylindrical cavity with eccentric interior loading. The
analysis is based on the use of a combined boundary condition expressing the continuity of the tangential electric and the magnetic
fields in a single equation. Following the application of the combined boundary condition, the solution is expressed as a linear
system of equations with an infinite number of unknowns. An accurate solution is easily obtained via truncation of the system of
equations.
227
SCATTERING BY ROUGH-SURFACES AND BY COMPLEX MEDIA
Session
BP16
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
BP16.1
WAVES SCATTERING DEPENDENCE ON THE STATISTICAL PARAMETERS OF CLASSICAL AND FRACTAL
ROUGH SURFACES.
A. V. Laktyunkin, A. A. Potapov, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russian Federation
Fractal theory formation - striking example of new science investigation line that is based equally on both progress in abstract
mathematics areas and on a new view on a long known empiric material which could not be interpreted and described scientifically
before the valid models have been appeared. Aim of the work to report systematically and consistently for the first time about
theoretical solution of scattering problem for various random fractal anisotropic surfaces using Kirchhoff approach , to calculate
scattering indicatrixes for radio microwaves, to analyze ensemble of indicatrixes obtained.
BP16.2
THE WAVE STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS OF MULTIPLY SCATTERED ELECROMAGNETIC WAVES BY
ANISOTROPIC LAYER OF COLLISIONAL MAGNETIZED TURBULENT PLASMA
N. K. Gomidze, K. A. Maxaradze, M. R. Xajishvili, I. S. Surmanidze, M. I. Davitadze, Batumi Satet University, Batumi,
Georgia
The wave structure functions of both phase and logarithmic relative amplitude and their mutual wave structure functions are
computed for two plane electromagnetic waves with different frequencies scattered by finite thickness turbulent anisotropic
magnetized plasma layer in complex geometrical optics approximation using small perturbation method. Numerical calculations
were carried out for F-region of an ionosphere using satellite data of ionospheric plasma parameters.
BP16.3
SOME FEATURES OF ANGULAR SPECTRUM OF SCATTERED RADIATION ON ANISOTROPIC IRREGULARITIES
OF RANDOMLY-INHOMOGENEOUS MEDIA
G. V. Jandieri, Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia; V. G. Gavrilenko, Nizhniy Novgorod State University,
Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; V. G. Jandieri, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
The present paper is devoted to the investigation of the angular spectrum of scattered radiation on prolate anisotropic irregularities
of random media. It was shown that in a single-scattering approximation a pronounced dip appears in the direction of prolate
irregularities. If an incident wave is mono-directed and axes of random irregularities are chaotically oriented with respect to the
incident wave, phase function of scattered radiation has a maximum in the direction of incident wave propagation. Basic peculiarities
of an angular power distribution have been corroborated, for the first time, at multiple scattering using smooth perturbation method.
BP16.4
REDUCED RAYLEIGH EQUATIONS FOR THE SCATTERING OF S-POLARIZED LIGHT FROM AND ITS
TRANSMISSION THROUGH A FILM WITH TWO ONE-DIMENSIONAL ROUGH SURFACES
T. A. Leskova, A. A. Maradudin, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
We consider s-polarized light incident on a structure consisting of a medium characterized by a dielectric constant $\epsilon_1$ in
the region $x_3 >\zeta_1(x_1)$; a film characterized by $\e_2$ in the region $-H+\zeta_2(x_1) < x_3 < \zeta_1(x_1)$; and a
substrate characterized by $\e_3$ in the region $x_3 < -H + \zeta_2(x_1)$. The surface profile functions $\zeta_{1,2}(x_1)$are
differentiable single-valued functions of $x_1$. The light is incident from the region $x_3 > \zeta_1(x_1)$, and the plane of incidence
is the $x_1x_3$ plane. Single integral equations for the scattering amplitude and for the transmission amplitude are derived.
BP16.5
LOW FREQUENCY ONE-DIMENSIONAL SURFACE IMPULSE RESPONSES BASED ON PHYSICAL OPTICS
APPROXIMATION
N. Niamsuwan, J. T. Johnson, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
Surface impulse response models are developed for operation at low frequency. The main focus is on the model that describes
pulse returns from slightly rough surfaces, where the height statistic cannot be assumed to be incoherent. Brown model, which
describes pulse returns as a convolution of incoherent flat surface impulse response and surface height probability density function
is derived for one-dimensional surfaces and is used for comparison against a proposed model based on Physical Optics
approximation. Simulation results show the PO model is valid for smooth surfaces while the estimation using 1-D Brown model
yields slightly different prediction.
228
BP16.6
MEAN REFLECTION COEFFICIENT OF A STACK OF LAYERED RANDOM MEDIA WITH ROUGH INTERFACES--- A
COMBINED SMALL PERTURBATION METHOD
S. Mudaliar, Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, United States
Scattering of waves from a stack of layered random media with rough interfaces is analyzed using a combined small perturbation
method assuming that the volumetric and surface fluctuations are small, stationary, and independent of each other. Employing an
integral equation formulation statistical averaging is performed with respect to volumetric fluctuations and surface fluctuations. Using
the properties of the mean propagation constants the wave functions in the layered structure are expressed in terms of surface
scattering operators. By imposing boundary conditions on these wave functions and eliminating scattering operators the reflection
coefficient for the system is obtained as a recurrence relation.
229
INVERSE SCATTERING II
Session
BP17
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
BP17.1
IMAGING SMALL 3D PEC SCATTERERS BY SVD AND THRESHOLD
A. Buonanno, R. Solimene, R. Pierri, Second University of Naples, Aversa, Italy
The problem of detecting and localizing small perfect electric conducting objects from the scattererd far-field is dealt with. Upon
neglecting mutual scattering and representing the scatterers locations as the support of δ-functions the problem is cast as the
inversion of a linear integral operator we tackle by means of the Truncated-Singular Value Decomposition. Scatterers having
different size are considered for both the cases of mutifrequency and multiview configurations. The performance achievable by the
inversion procedure are analyzed against model error and AWG noise.
BP17.2
HIGH-SPEED UWB RADAR IMAGING ALGORITHM FOR COMPLEX TARGET BOUNDARY WITHOUT WAVEFRONT
CONNECTIONS
S. Kidera, T. Sakamoto, T. Sato, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto, Japan
UWB radar is promising for near field measurements, such as non-contact measurement for reflector antennas. In our previous work,
we developed stable imaging algorithm Envelope, that uses envelopes of circles. For complex targets, however, the image with
Envelope becomes unstable, because it requires connections of peaks of the observed data. This connection is sometimes difficult
due to multiple scatterings, that leads to non-negligible errors in imaging. This paper proposes a new imaging algorithm that utilizes
fuzzy estimation for direction of arrival (DOA). It achieves direct boundary extractions with observed delays, and resolves the
instability of the conventional method.
BP17.3
A GENERAL PURPOSE INVERSE EQUIVALENT CURRENT METHOD ACCELERATED BY THE MULTILEVEL FAST
MULTIPOLE METHOD
T. F. Eibert, C. H. Schmidt, IHF, Universitaet Suttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
The radiation and scattering behavior of any object in a homogeneous environment can be described by a set of equivalent sources,
where different types of equivalent sources are feasible. Equivalent current methods are especially advantageous for irregular
measurement grids of arbitrary shape and if a priori information about the object is available. In this paper, a very flexible equivalent
current method is presented, which has been derived from a general purpose boundary integral equation solver. High efficiency is
achieved since the Multilevel Fast Multipole Method has been adapted to speed-up the inverse solution process.
BP17.4
MUSIC-TYPE IMAGING OF A SMALL DIELECTRIC SPHERE BURIED IN A HALF SPACE FROM EXACT AND
ASYMPTOTIC DATA
1
1
2
1 1
S. Gdoura , D. Lesselier , P. C. Chaumet , G. Perrusson ; CNRS - SUPELEC - University Paris Sud 11, Gif-sur2
Yvette, France; CNRS - University Provence, Marseille, France
A MUSIC-type non-iterative, single-frequency imaging method is investigated. A small dielectric sphere is buried within the lower
half of a two half-space medium and illuminated by a planar dipole array. Data ---the Multi-Static Response Matrix exploited via
singular value decomposition--- are exact ones, computed by the Coupled Dipole Method, and asymptotic ones which account for
coupling to the interface via the Generalized Polarization Tensor calculated in the bispherical coordinate system attached to the
sphere-interface system. Comparisons between field data and images of the inclusion are discussed. The resolution of the imaging
procedure is exhibited.
BP17.5
MULTIFREQUENCY DATA EXTRAPOLATION THROUGH MINIMIZATION OF TIME SIGNAL DURATION
O. Antropov, V. Borulko, O. Drobakhin, S. Vovk, Dnepropetrovsk National University, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine
Method of signal extrapolation in frequency domain for improvement of resolution in time domain is proposed. The main idea of this
method is use of concept of duration of signal for formulation of nonenergy constraints, when there is a priori information about
finiteness of signal support in time domain. Unlike traditional extrapolation techniques no strict model of extrapolated data is
required, as well as no exact information about signal support in Fourier conjugate domain must be provided. Developed approach
is investigated through numerical simulations and applied for processing of multifrequency data of complex reflection coefficient of
dielectric layered structure.
230
BP17.6
ELECTRIC FIELD TOMOGRAPHY
T. S. Tuykin, A. V. Korjenevsky, Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
EFT is a new kind of quasistatic electromagnetic tomography. It uses only electric component of RF-field. EFT is contact-less and
promising method for imaging of spatial distribution of electrical properties inside object. Using set of spatially distributed electrodes
the EFT system measures electric field phase shifts caused by the object. The physical cause of the phase shifts is a lag of free
charges redistribution in a medium with finite conductivity relative to external field and appearing of corresponding lagging of
scattered field. The image reconstruction is carried out by the method of weighted backprojection along electric field lines.
BP17.7
A NEW VALUE PICKING REGULARIZATION METHOD APPLIED TO THE ELECTROMAGNETIC INVERSE
SCATTERING PROBLEM
J. G. De Zaeytijd, A. Franchois, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
This paper presents a new regularization strategy, denoted as Value Picking or VP regularization. Applied to the electromagnetic
inverse scattering problem, it favors complex permittivity profiles comprising a limited number of unknown permittivity values. Only
an estimate of the number of such values is required. A key element is the choice function, which in general is a function of P
variables, but is introduced in this paper only in two dimensions. The VP regularizing function is added to the least squares data fit
and a Gauss-Newton optimization strategy with line search is applied to minimize the resulting cost function.
BP17.8
SHAPE RECONSTRUCTION OF 3D PEC: NUMERICAL RESULTS BY THE DISTRIBUTIONAL APPROACH
A. Buonanno, R. Solimene, R. Pierri, Second University of Naples, Aversa,Italy, Italy
The problem of determining the shape of three dimensional perfect electric conducting (PEC) objects from the scattered far-field
under the incidence of plane waves with a fixed angle of incidence and varying frequency is dealt with. The Kirchhoff approximation
is employed and the objects surface is represented as the support of a delta-distribution. Accordingly, the problem is cast as the
inversion of a linear operator we deal with by means of the Truncated-Singular Value Decomposition. Numerical results are shown.
BP17.9
INFORMATION CONTENT OF THE RADIATED FIELD OVER TWO BOUNDED DOMAINS IN THE FRESNEL ZONE
1
2
1 1
2
G. Romeo , R. Solimene , G. Leone ; DIMET, Reggio Calabria, Italy; DII, Aversa, Italy
We consider the problem of determining the information content of the field radiated by a bounded monochromatic rectilinear electric
source observed over two bounded rectilinear domains parallel to the source and located in its Fresnel zone. The problem is tackled
by means of the Singular Value Decomposition of the relevant linear operator so that the information content is defined as the
number of significant singular values. In particular, by adopting an approximate mathematical model of the problem, the singular
value behavior is very well predicted and the role of the geometrical parameters highlighted.
BP17.10
EXPERIMENTAL RECONSTRUCTION IN DYNAMIC SAMPLING MODE FLUORESCENCE MOLECULAR
TOMOGRAPHY WITH TIKHONOV REGULARIZATION METHOD
Z. Xu, J. Bai, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China (CIE); N. Chen, National University, Singapore, Singapore
Fluorescence molecular tomography can obtain a sufficient data set and optimal three-dimensional images when projections are
captured over 360 degrees by CCD camera. In order to overcome the obstacles caused by traditional step-mode method in
fluorescence molecular tomography, a novel dynamic data acquisition approach, dynamic sampling mode, that allows the
synchronization of image capture and mechanical rotation, is proposed. Reconstruction with experimental data obtained in the
dynamic-mode process is performed with phantoms. And the Tikhonov regularization based on finite element method is used for the
reconstruction. The results demonstrate the feasibility of such an imaging mode.
BP17.11
THREE-DIMENSIONAL LINEAR SAMPLING APPLIED TO MICROWAVE BREAST IMAGING
J. G. De Zaeytijd, C. L. Conmeaux, A. Franchois, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Microwave imaging is a promising technique in biomedical imaging. Full-wave quantitative inversion has much potential but is
computationally very demanding due to the non-linearity of the problem while qualitative approaches mostly use approximations that
do not comply with contrasted biomedical scatterers. In contrast, the linear sampling method is capable of detecting anomalies in a
known background by solving only a linear problem. Although only a qualitative image is obtained, it may be suitable for use in
breast cancer imaging. This paper reports a preliminary study of the feasibility of linear sampling for this application.
BP17.12
INVERSION OF TE EXPERIMENTAL DATA USING THE DISTORTED BORN ITERATIVE METHOD
P. Mojabi, J. LoVetri, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
We apply the Distorted Born Iterative Method (DBIM) for the inversion of Transverse Electric (TE) experimental data provided by
Institut Fresnel, both for single- and multiple-frequency cases. The results show that the DBIM applied to TE inversion does not
converge as well as when it is applied to Transverse Magnetic (TM) inversion for the cases considered herein.
231
BP17.13
UNDERGROUND OBJECT DETECTION USING ANTIRESONANT ANTENNAS
J. P. Donohoe, Mississippi State University, Miss. State, MS, United States; J. R. Fairley, L. N. Lynch, US Army
Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, United States
Given a horizontal dipole over ground, the variation in the antenna input impedance attributable to a nearby underground anomaly
(tunnel) is investigated via finite difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation. The dipole is driven with a broadband source to locate
the dominant resonant and antiresonant frequencies and to compute the impedance effects associated with the tunnel over the
entire frequency band. The characteristics of the total fields and the fields scattered by the tunnel are analyzed at the resonant and
antiresonant frequencies. The effectiveness of the antiresonant dipole as a near-field probe for buried object detection is
demonstrated.
BP17.14
MULTISTATIC RADAR: RELATION BETWEEN THE GREEN FUNCTION AND THE AMBIGUITY FUNCTION
H. T. Hayvaci, D. Erricolo, D. Tuninetti, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; M. Rangaswamy,
Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom Air Force Base, MA, United States
We consider multiple input multiple output (MIMO) radar systems with M transmit and N receive elements. We derive the Greens
function of the system in terms of the locations of the transmitters, the receivers, and a few additional physical parameters related to
wave propagation. The derived return model is parametric in the targets position and velocity. The target parameter estimation
problem is then solved by using techniques from binary hypothesis testing, and the resulting ambiguity function is directly related to
the Greens function.
BP17.15
LINEAR AND NONLINEAR INVERSE SCATTERING APPLIED TO EXPERIMENTAL DATA
R. Marklein, J. Miao, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
In this paper, we present our recent work on the imaging techniques for solving the 2-D inverse scattering problems in the frequency
and time domain, which is the continuation of our work. Two linear algorithms, Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (SAFT) and
MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm, as well as two nonlinear algorithms, Contrast Source Inversion (CSI) and
Multiplicative Regularization Contrast Source Inversion (MR-CSI), are applied to reconstruct the experimental electromagnetic data
sets from Institute Fresnel, France, and experimental elastic data sets from the Fraunhofer Institute for Non-Destructive Testing
(IZFP), Germany.
BP17.16
PERMITTIVITY AND ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY PROFILE RECONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE IN THE TIME DOMAIN
R. Marklein, M.-U. Rahman, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
This paper presents a time-domain technique to compute the electromagnetic field and to reconstruct the permittivity and electric
conductivity profile of a 1-D slab of finite length. The modeling tool is divided into a forward and an inverse solver. The forward
solver computes the internal electromagnetic field of a known slab whereas the inverse solver solves an inverse scattering problem
by reconstructing the permittivity and conductivity profile of an unknown slab by the invariant imbedding method. Both the solvers
have been validated against synthetic data and also have been applied to measured Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) data.
232
TRANSIENT FIELDS AND ULTRA-WIDEBAND ANTENNAS
Session
BP20
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
BP20.1
DESIGN OF PLASMONIC NANO- AND METAWAVEGUIDES USING TIME DOMAIN TECHNIQUES
S. A. Maier, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
A number of examples of metallic plasmon waveguides for high-confinement guiding of electromagnetic energy working in different
parts of the spectrum are reviewed, together with design criteria obtained via electromagnetic time domain simulations. While at
visible frequencies, out-of-plane confinement below the diffraction limit is possible in simple planar geometries due to the efficient
coupling of the electromagnetic field to the conduction electron plasma of the metal interfaces constituting the waveguide or in
coupled-cavity geometries, at lower frequencies in the far-infrared a metamaterials approach is needed in order to engineer a
plasmonic response through surface patterning.
BP20.2
A NOVEL ULTRA-WIDEBAND PRINTED MONOPOLE ANTENNA
O. Ahmed, A.-R. Sebak, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
In this paper, we introduce a novel microstrip-line fed printed monopole antenna for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. The
antenna is composed of two overlapped circular disc monopoles with a finite ground plane. Details of the proposed antenna design
and the measured results are presented and discussed. The designed antenna operates over bandwidth (2.9 to 11.6GHz) for return
loss < -10dB. The antenna also shows omni-directional radiation patterns and good gain flatness over the frequency range of
interest. The antenna group delay and the time-domain characteristics indicate that the proposed antenna performance is suitable
for UWB applications.
BP20.3
THE STABILITY OF THE SIMPLE-FEED MODEL IN THE FDTD METHOD
I. R. Capoglu, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States; G. S. Smith, Georgia Institute of Technology,
Atlanta, GA, United States
The simple-feed model is an auxiliary technique used in the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling of antennas to simulate
the feed region of the antenna under analysis. In this paper, we derive a necessary condition for the stability of this model. We also
present sufficient stability conditions obtained empirically through FDTD simulations for different feed geometries. Finally, we
compare the empirical and theoretical results, and explain the differences between the sufficient and necessary conditions.
BP20.4
REFLECTOR IMPULSE ANTENNA WITH DUAL TEM SOURCE
C. Guo, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an,Shaanxi, China (CIE)
There are different demands on radiation efficiency and direction pattern according to various Ultra-Wideband (UWB) antennas and
high power applications. To obtain more radiating gain on bore-sight of paraboloidal reflector and centralized radiating direction, a
novel feeding structure called a dual TEM source has been designed and applied in half-paraboloidal reflector IRA applications.
Simulation results proved that this proposed half-paraboloidal reflector IRA with dual TEM source provided greater radiation
performance on bore-sight as a result of the synthesized power in the aperture space of paraboloid.
BP20.5
UWB SPIRAL ANTENNA WITH PARABOLIC REFLECTOR
J. Lao, R. Jin, J. Geng, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (CIE)
A cavity-backed spiral antenna with ultra-wide band width is presented. By using a parabolic reflector, the radiation of the antenna
becomes uni-directional, and the gain is promoted. The antenna is fed by a coaxial cut-away balun with fan-shaped patch which
keeps a wideband impedance matching. The simulated bandwidth for VSWR < 2 covers 0.36 ~ 6.83GHz or bandwidth ratio of 19:1,
and the gain at 2 ~ 6GHz is on the order of 10dB. These features make it a promising antenna in various wideband applications.
BP20.6
A PIECEWISE APPROACH TO THE TRANSIENT SIMULATION OF HYBRID SYSTEMS INVOLVING MULTIPLE
TIMESCALES
A. Ramachandran, A. C. Cangellaris, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
A methodology is described for the piecewise transient simulation of complex electronic systems involving distinct subsystems that
evolve at different rates. The method uses dependent sources to account for the interactions between the different subsystems. In
this manner, each subsystem can be simulated using a numerical integration scheme and timestep that is most appropriate to
capture the dynamics involved in the physical operation of that subsystem. The example of transmission lines feeding and loading
two coupled short dipole antennas is used to demonstrate the applicability of the technique.
233
BP20.7
COMPACT COUPLED SECTORIAL LOOPS ANTENNAS FOR ULTRA-WIDEBAND APPLICATIONS
A. Elsherbini, K. Sarabandi, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
The structure and design of a number of significant modifications to the coupled sectorial loops antennas (CSLA) to achieve further
size reduction and unidirectional radiation is presented. Initially, an approach for size reduction by folding the CSLA is presented.
Then, in order to further improve the directivity, a Vivaldi in conjunction with a folded CSLA was used. Finally, to achieve a
unidirectional UWB radiation pattern, a Vivaldi-CSLA backed by a corner reflector is designed. The proposed antennas are
simulated and measured, and the measured results showed good agreement with the simulation results.
BP20.8
DESIGN OF A COMPACT TAPERED SLOT VIVALDI ANTENNA ARRAY FOR SEE THROUGH CONCRETE WALL
UWB APPLICATIONS
Y. Wang, A. E. Fathy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
An optimized eight-element Vivaldi antenna array designed for the lower-band UWB (2-4GHz) through-wall imaging systems has
been developed. Tapered slot antennas were optimized to have a compact size. A wideband Wilkinson power divider was designed
to compose the feed network. Measured results are in excellent agreement with the simulated ones, with a gain of more than 12dBi
within the operating band. The developed array is an essential component for see through concrete wall applications, and very
similar in size and gain to the previously developed one (around 10GHz) by our group for drywall-high resolution detection.
BP20.9
THE DESIGN OF ULTRA-WIDEBAND ANTENNAS WITH PERFORMANCE CLOSE TO THE FUNDAMENTAL LIMIT
T. Yang, W. A. Davis, W. L. Stutzman, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
This paper discuss how the classical fundamental-limit theory can be interpreted for UWB antennas and how one can design an
antenna with size and performance close to the limits. An antenna design strategy is discussed and demonstrated through the
evolution process of antenna design. The final design suggested a general approach using a high-pass filter structure and a tapered
feed to make an antenna close to the limit. Performance of the final design is evaluated in both frequency and time domains.
234
RAY-TRACING TECHNIQUES
Session
BP21
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
BP21.1
EMF BACKSCATTERED FROM AN S-SHAPED INLET CAVITY CALCULATED BY SPECTRAL RAYS TRACKING
METHOD
E. A. Rachid, ESIB (Ecole Sup. d'Ing. de Beyrouth), USJ, Beirut, Lebanon
In this paper, an original method for propagation modeling within waveguides, cavities, or structures with dielectric or conducting
curved interfaces is presented and validated especially for S-bend inlet. This method is based on the discretization of the plane
wave spectrum of the source fields, truncated by the guide or cavity aperture (without any approximation, neither far field nor
asymptotic). The obtained results are validated by comparison with well-known solutions.
BP21.2
A GAUSSIAN BEAM RE-EXPANSION SCHEME FOR FAST PHYSICAL SIMULATIONS IN LARGE ENVIRONMENTS.
I. Ghannoum, C. Letrou, Institut TELECOM SudParis, Evry, France
This paper illustrates the ability of Gaussian beam shooting techniques to accommodate large propagation problems in multipath
contexts. Frame based decomposition of fields provides a rigorous and flexible tool to perform beam launching. Paraxial beam
tracking leads to efficient algorithms, relying on the simultaneous spatial-spectral localization of paraxial Gaussian beams. The
spatial divergence of beams however degrades the accuracy of beam field tracking formulas, especially when beams interact with
localized obstacles after long range propagation. A beam re-expansion algorithm is proposed to address the problem of beam
widening. It makes use of both spatially narrow/wide window frames.
BP21.3
ANALYTICAL CONSTUCTION OF ILLUMINATION MAPS FOR DOUBLY DIFFRACTED RAYS
P. E. Hussar, 3913 Emblem Corner, Bowie, MD, United States
This paper describes a closed form alnalytical method for construction of visiblity maps that describe regions illuminated by doubly
diffracted rays in complex environments. A novel coordinate system specific to the case of doubly diffracted rays will be described.
Expressions that characterize boundaries of illuminated regions in a two dimensional angular space associated with these rays will
be provided. Via this map construction method, ray trace solutions for cases of higher order diffraction can be constucted with a very
high degree of computational efficiency.
235
GENERAL POSTER SESSION I COMMISSION C
Session Chairs: Takashi Ohira, Kenji ITOH
Session
CP1
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
CP1.1
INFORMATION ENCODING AND TRANSMISSION USING SPECTRAL SWITCHES DUE TO TEMPORAL
CORRELATION
B. Kanseri, H. C. Kandpal, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India; S. Rath, University of Delhi, New Delhi,
India
A new scheme of information encoding is presented in which the spectral anomalies of polychromatic light due to temporal
correlation in a Michelson interferometer has been utilized to produce the spectral switches (red shift, two peak spectrum and blue
shift of the source spectrum) for encoding data bits. The encoded bits could be transmitted through free space up to appreciable
distances and decoded at the receiver end using well compiled computer algorithms. The flexibility and ease in information encoding
and transmission using this kind of spectral switches might provide an edge over the proposed encoding schemes for free-space
communication.
CP1.2
A HARMONIC SYNCHRONIZED OSCILLATOR USING GUNN DIODES EMBEDDED ON SLOT LINE RESONATORS
K. Kawasaki, T. Tanaka, M. Aikawa, Saga University, Saga, Japan
This paper represents a novel second harmonic power combining oscillator using mutually synchronized Gunn diodes embedded on
slot line resonators. By embedding Gunn diodes on slot line resonators, desired harmonic RF signal can be generated very easily.
This oscillator has practical advantages such as easy circuit design, simple circuit configuration and miniaturization of the circuit size.
The second harmonic oscillator is designed and fabricated in K-Band. The output power is +5.75dBm at the design frequency of
19.0 GHz. Excellent suppression of the undesired fundamental frequency signal of -39dBc is achieved.
CP1.3
DESIGN OF A LOW COST RADIO BASED AD HOC COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FOR RURAL AREAS
H. K. Deva Sarma, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, East Sikkim, INDIA, Majitar, India
Mobile ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile hosts which are interconnected by a communication media like radio.
Wireless Sensor Network is a collection of inexpensive sensor nodes which also form a communication network in a self organized
manner. In this paper we propose architecture of an easily deployable and low cost radio based communication system for rural
areas which is basically a combination of Mobile Ad hoc Networks and Wireless Sensor Networks. We propose a suitable protocol
stack for this architecture. Future scope of the present work has also been outlined.
CP1.4
MULTI-STACKED THROUGH-SILICON-VIA EFFECTS ON SIGNAL INTEGRITY AND POWER INTEGRITY FOR
APPLICATION OF 3-DIMENSIONAL STACKED-CHIP-PACKAGE
J. S. Pak, C. Ryu, J. Kim, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
We investigate the multi-stacked through-silicon-via (TSV) effects on signal integrity (SI) and power integrity (PI) depending on
number of stacked TSVs. A single SG (Signal/Ground)-TSV-pair shows very small serial inductance due to its small height, but very
large serial resistance due to its small diameter and shunt capacitance due to its thin SiO2 with submicron meter thickness between
TSV and silicon substrate. In multi-stacked TSV case for high frequency application, SI becomes worse due to its large resistance
and capacitance, but PI becomes better due to its small inductance and large capacitance.
CP1.5
A NEW POSITION DETECTION METHOD USING LEAKY COAXIAL CABLE
K.-I. Nishikawa, T. Higashino, K. Tsukamoto, S. Komaki, osaka university, Suita-shi, Osaka, Japan
Position detection services of wireless terminal tend to be important in ubiquitous wireless communication systems. A new position
detection method which utilizes an LCX (Leaky CoaXial cable) at 2.4GHz(WiFi) band is proposed. Proposed method is based on a
TOA (time of arrival) of both direct wave and reflected wave from the end of LCX. Position detection error is experimentally
investigated.
236
CP1.6
QUARTER-CIRCLE SHAPED PLANE CAVITY RESONATOR FOR SKEW-FREE AND LOW JITTER CLOCK
DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
W. Lee, C. Ryu, J. Park, J. Kim, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
This paper proposes a quarter-circle shaped plane resonator for skew-free and low jitter clock distribution network (CDN). A cavity
resonator consists of the embedded planes in a package or PCB and an inductive load. The resonant frequency can be controlled
by the inductance of the load and quarter-circle shaped plane can make all edge having the same phase and also same amplitude.
We have successfully demonstrated a 1.35 GHz clock delivery network with a skew of 0.5 ps, and suppressed jitter through
modeling and simulation.
CP1.7
DEVELOPMENT OF RADIO ON FREE SPACE OPTICS SYSTEM TOWARD HETEROGENEOUS WIRELESS
SERVICES
K. Tsukamoto, T. Nakamura, T. Higashino, Y. Aburakawa, S. Komaki, Osaka University, Suita-shi,
Japan; K. Wakamori, K. Takahashi, T. Suzuki, K. Kazaura, A. M. Shah, K. Omae, M. Matsumoto, Waseda
University, Honjo-shi, Japan
Radio on Fiber (RoF) can realize a cost effective universal platform for heterogeneous wireless services. The concept of RoF can be
realized by Radio on Free Space Optics (RoFSO), which can provide a free space for various types of wireless services in an optical
wireless link. This paper proposes a new RoFSO system, describes its concept and features, and furthermore, shows some
evaluation results of the developed RoFSO transceiver and Radio-RoFSO interface equipments, which can directly transmit a RoF
signal from an optical fiber and can receive an RoFSO signal from air into a fiber core.
CP1.8
A LOW COMPLEXITY FADING FILTER DESIGN FOR MULTIPATH RAYLEIGH FADING SIMULATION
A. Arsal, S. Ozen, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla,Izmir, Turkey
A low-complexity high performance Rayleigh fading simulator, an ARMA(3,3) model, is proposed. This method is based on filtering
of the white Gaussian noise where the filter design is accomplished in the analog domain and transferred into digital domain. The
proposed model is compared with improved Jakes', AR(20) and IDFT techniques, in performance and computational complexity.
Proposed method outperforms AR(20) and modified Jakes generators in performance. Although IDFT method achieves the best
performance, it brings a significant cost in storage and is undesirable. The proposed method achieves high performance with the
lowest complexity.
CP1.9
AN ON-CHIP SIGNAL INTEGRITY CHARACTERIZATION SCHEME FOR GBPS DATA TRANSMISSION CHANNEL
J. Cho, E. Song, W. Lee, J. Kim, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
This work presents an on-chip signal integrity characterization scheme for Gbps data transmission channel. For this purpose, we
propose a channel characterizer first, which is composed of a sine-wave generator and a peak voltage detector. The proposed
channel characterizer is implemented by relatively simple circuitries, which enables the high speed operation of the channel
characterizer. And then, we apply them to several HDMI cables to verify its performance. The simulated results show the good
correspondence between the measured cases and the cases of the proposed on-chip signal integrity characterization.
CP1.10
A NEW TRACKING DEMODULATOR FOR THE SUB-CARRIER MULTIPLEXED IM LIGHTWAVE SIGNAL
S. Das, A. Mukherjee, A. Banerjee, I. Ali, B. Biswas, ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY, WEST BENGAL, WEST
BENGAL, India
A new tracking demodulator for the intensity-modulated sub-carrier multiplexed light-wave signal is presented. It needs no channel
selection filters and the microwave receiver like the conventional sub-carrier multiplexed light-wave system. Instead it uses a novel
type of phase-lock technique, which not only demodulates the output but also automatically selects the required channel. With this
new technique it is also possible to make the receiving system. Simulation results have been submitted showing excellent
agreement with theoretical analysis.
237
COGNITIVE RADIO
Session
CPS2
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
CPS2.1
AN EFFICIENT DECISION FEEDBACK EQUALIZER WITH A NOVEL BLOCK BASED NLMS ALGORITHM
A. Mitra, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
A new block-based normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithm with set-membership filtering (SMF) criteria is proposed for
symbol rate decision feedback equalization. This block-based simplification of NLMS algorithm with the principle of SMF provides
substantial reduction in filter weight updating operations as well as less bit error rate while keeping the convergence speed almost
same as the existing algorithms for the same purpose. It is shown in the results that the introduced algorithm yields better
performance in presence of co-channel interference and also offers significant reduction in certain implementational operations due
to its structural simplicity.
CPS2.2
FREQUENCY DOMAIN NLMS ALGORITHM FOR ENHANCED JAM RESISTANT GPS RECEIVER
A. Kundu, A. Chakrabarty, Kalpana Chawla Space Technology Cell, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
An optimal beamformer attempts to increase SNR at array output by adapting its pattern to minimize some cost function. The cost
function is inversely associated with the quality of the signal. Therefore by minimizing the cost function we can maximize signal at
the array output. The primary optimal beamforming technique discussed in this paper will be Frequency Domain LMS for GPS
multipath reduction. In case of a GPS satellite, the DOA is mathematically known because position of satellite in orbit is fixed at a
particular time instant so we may input the angle directly to adaptive algorithms for simulation.
CPS2.3
GRID BASED FIELD STRENGTH METHOD FOR MOBILE VEHICLE POSITIONING
A. D. Sarma, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India; D. Krishna Reddy, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute
of Technology, Hyderabad,Andhra Pradesh, India; M. V. S. N. Prasad, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, Delhi,
India
Various mobile positioning techniques are being used in different environments for location based services (LBS). In this paper, for
position fixing a new method known as grid based field strength determination is proposed. Spatially scattered measured signal
strength data is encoded into structured grid data using planar fit algorithm in forward estimation. In reverse estimation, a look up
table is formed to identify the mobile vehicle location from grid point estimations. The position identification results are in well
agreement with the observed results (≈50m accuracy).
CPS2.4
THE "SENSORIAL RADIO BUBBLE" FOR COGNITIVE RADIO TERMINALS
R. Hachemani, J. Palicot, C. Moy, SUPELEC, Rennes, France
This paper presents the "Sensorial Radio Bubble" (SRB) for Cognitive Radio terminals (CRT) . The bubble relies on a plurality of
sensors based on several signal processing elements. It provides communication systems the ability to explore the radio
environment in order to provide knowledge of the spatial and spectrum environment. This permits the terminal to securely transmit
its communications with a guaranteed QoS. One of the contribution of the SRB is to manage spectrum resources with more
efficiency. This approach aims at providing prediction of the environment evolution, so that the CRT can anticipate smartlly the
changes in its environment.
CPS2.5
PEAK TO AVERAGE POWER RATIO REDUCTION FOR MULTI-BAND OFDM SYSTEM USING TONE
RESERVATION
S. Hussain, Y. Louet, SUPELEC/IETR, Cesson-sevigne, France
MB-OFDM and OFDM are popular modulation techniques in recent communication systems but they suffer from high PAPR. This
paper deals with PAPR reduction for OFDM and MB-OFDM based systems using Tone Reservation where corrective tones are
added to useful carriers to reduce PAPR. Different specifications of the corrective signal effecting PAPR reduction performance are
discussed which include mean power and bandwidth of the corrective signal. The influence of frequency gap between useful and
added carriers is also discussed. MB-OFDM PAPR reduction and related computational complexity issues are described. This
PAPR reduction scheme can be generalized for SWR.
238
CPS2.6
A CORDIC-BASED DYNAMICALLY RECONFIGURABLE FPGA ARCHITECTURE FOR SIGNAL PROCESSING
ALGORITHMS
H. Wang, P. Leray, J. Palicot, SUPELEC/IETR, Cesson-sevigne, France
CORDIC algorithm is very widely used in the digital signal processing systems. This article presents a CORDIC-based
reconfigurable FPGA architecture that can be changed to perform different algorithms of signal processing. Two examples of
CORDIC-based signal processing, such as FFT and SVD are surveyed in this paper. The fact that the common operator CORDIC is
exploited in these algorithms makes them easily to be implemented on the same reconfigurable hardware. Specifically, the dynamic
reconfiguration is performed for changing the interconnections between CORDIC. The dynamic reconfiguration method is used to
improve both the reconfiguration time and the area efficiency.
CPS2.7
A GRAPHICAL APPROACH FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF SDR CHANNELIZERS
1
2
1
2
1 1
2
S. T. Gul , R. Mahesh , C. Moy , A. P. Vinod , J. Palicot ; SUPELEC, Cesson Sevigne, France; Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
The design of future multi-standard systems is very challenging. This paper presents a graphical approach for optimization of multistandard Software Defined Radio (SDR) systems. We explain our approach for optimizing multi-standard SDR systems by taking a
realistic example of channelizers for SDR systems. Several channelization techniques are compared. The optimization procedure
itself is not in the scope of this paper. In fact we address in this paper, the cost computations of filter banks which are to be used in
the optimization process. Results show that Frequency Response Masking (FRM) technique is most suitable as compared to others.
CPS2.8
TIME SERIES MODELLING OF SPECTRUM OCCUPANCY FOR COGNITIVE RADIO
Z. Wang, S. Salous, School of Engineering, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
Cognitive radio requires real time monitoring of the spectrum to determine the frequency of transmission. Spectrum analysers tend
to employ a slow frequency sweep and hence such measurements can only be used for modelling of the spectrum, which can
provide vital information for frequency planning and management. Occupancy measurements every hour over a seven-day period
were performed in the UK and time series analysis has been applied to model different occupancy patterns in the Global System for
Mobile communications band. The results indicate that the auto-regressive integrated moving average model, gives a good fit for the
measured data.
239
GENERAL POSTER SESSION I COMMISSION D
Session Chairs: F. de Fornel, Franz Kaertner
Session
DP1
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
DP1.1
RESONANT FREQUENCY TUNNING FOR MULTI-CARDS APPLICATION IN RFID SYSTEMS
1
2
1 1
2
C. Tetelin , A. Tramoni , F. Pellet ; IM2NP/CNRS/ISEN, Toulon, France; ST Microelectronics, Rousset, France
A simple method is presented to determine the best resonant frequency for contactless smartcards. The RFID system we studied is
made of one reader with a matched antenna at 13,56 MHz and two smartcards to be tuned for communication optimisation. The first
study concerns the case where both smartcards are tuned to the same frequency. In a second study, we make the difference
between the card which communicates with the reader and the card in the Idle state. In that case we show we can achieve 22%
modulation degree without loosing the telesupply of both cards.
DP1.2
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A 32-BIT RISC PROCESSOR ON XILINX FPGA
W. M. El-Medany, University Of Bahrain, Sakhier, Bahrain; K. A. Al-Kooheji, Alba, Manama, Bahrain
This paper concerned with the design and implementation of a 32-bit Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) processor on a
Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). The processor has been designed with VHDL, synthesized using Xilinx ISE 9.1i
Webpack, simulated using ModelSim simulator, and then implemented on Xilinx Spartan 2E FPGA that has 143 available
Input/Output pins and 50MHz clock oscillator. The test bench waveforms for the different parts of the processor are presented and
the system architecture is demonstrated.
DP1.3
SERIAL DATAPATH IMPLEMENTATION ON A XILINX SPARTAN 3 FPGA FOR GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
W. M. El-Medany, University Of Bahrain, Sakhier, Bahrain
This paper presents a hardware design of a serial DataPath that can be used in GPS (Global Positioning System) architecture. Field
Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are used for the hardware implementation part of the design. The implemented DataPath is for
a simple Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) that has been built using VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) and
simulated using ModelSim XE II 5.6e. The hardware part of the design was done using Digilent Spartan 3 starter kits that are used
for a rapid digital circuit implementation.
DP1.4
GSM BASED REMOTE SENSING AND CONTROL SYSTEMS USING FPGA
W. M. El-Medany, University Of Bahrain, Sakhier, Bahrain; M. R. El-Sabry, Mobily, Riyadh, KSA
Home security today needs to make use of the latest available technological components. In this paper, we present the design and
implementation of a remote sensing, control, and home security system based on GSM (Global System for Mobile). This system
offers a complete, low cost, powerful and user friendly way of 24 hours real-time monitoring and remote control of a home security.
The design has been described using VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) and implemented in hardware using FPGA
(Field Programmable Gate Array).
DP1.8
A LOW-VOLTAGE FULLY-INTEGRATED 5GHZ LOW NOISE AMPLIFIER IN 0.18µM CMOS
A. M. El-Gabaly, C. E. Saavedra, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
A 5GHz LNA is presented using the folded-cascode topology which is suitable for low-voltage RFID applications. It employs both
NMOS and PMOS devices to reduce the required supply voltage to less than 1V. The circuit is fully integrated on-chip, with
inductors implemented using stacked spirals to save space. It is experimentally demonstrated in 0.18µm CMOS and performs
particularly well at 5GHz, with the noise figure being below 3dB. The LNA has an active footprint of only 575µm by 525µm, and
consumes less than 10mW from a 1V supply.
DP1.9
MINIATURIZED MICROSTRIP DUAL-BAND BANDPASS FILTER
R. Baktur, A. Genc, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
This paper presents a miniaturized dual-band bandpass filter design for a potential application in multi-channel communication. The
design is based on planner split ring resonator (SRR) and its image. The size of the filter is reduced by a scaling factor of 5
comparing to filters designed from conventional resonators. A prototype dual-band filter is fabricated and the measurements agree
well with the results predicted by the design simulated with Agilents Momentum.
240
DP1.10
IMPACT OF MULTI-LAYERED GATE DESIGN ON HOT CARRIER RELIABILITY OF GATE ELECTRODE
WORKFUNCTION ENGINEERED RECESSED CHANNEL (GEWE-RC) MOSFET
1
1
2
1
1 1
R. Chaujar , R. Kaur , M. Saxena , M. Gupta , R. S. Gupta ; Semiconductor Devices Research
2
Laboratory,Department of Electronic Science, New Delhi,Delhi, India; Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of
Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India
The paper discusses hot carrier reliability assessment of Gate Electrode Workfunction Engineered Recessed Channel (GEWE-RC)
MOSFET involving channel recession and gate electrode workfunction engineering integration onto the conventional MOSFET,
using ATLAS device simulator. Further, the impact of gate stack architecture on the device reliability of GEWE-RC MOSFET is
studied in terms of hot carrier behavior. TCAD simulations reveal reduction in the hot carrier reliability metrics such as electron
velocity, electron temperature, conduction band offset, hot electron injected gate current and impact ionization substrate current.
DP1.11
CHARACTERIZATION OF RF PROPAGATION IN MUSCLE TISSUE FOR PASSIVE UHF RFID TAGS
In this paper, we study the propagation of RF energy in muscle tissue. Backscatter field strength propagation models are used to
describe the skin effect on muscle tissues. An analytical evaluation is conducted for the electric field in muscle tissues for near-field
distances. It is shown that the maximum electric field inside a sphere of muscle tissue for a typical passive UHF RFID tag with a
loaded meander tag antenna is less than two orders of magnitude lesser than the limits for safe exposure to RF energy produced by
mobile devices, as adopted by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).
DP1.12
SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATES IN MUSCLE TISSUES FOR UHF RFID READER SYSTEMS
In this paper, we describe the specific absorption rates (SAR) of RF energy in muscle tissues for UHF RFID reader systems. An
analytical evaluation is conducted for the SAR in muscle tissues for the near-fields and far-fields of the RFID reader. It is shown that
the maximum SAR in muscle tissues for a UHF RFID reader is approximately 3.652W/kg, which is more than twice the limit for safe
exposure to RF energy produced by mobile devices (1.6W/kg), as adopted by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).
241
GENERAL POSTER SESSION I COMMISSION E
Session Chair: Christos Christopoulos
Session
EP1
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
EP1.1
EBG STRUCTURES WITH FRACTAL ELEMENTS AND MULTI-LAYERED ELEMENTS
J. Chen, University of Houston, Houston,TX, United States
A numerical investigation is performed to study the transmission characteristics of EBG structure with different unit element. It is
observed that when fractal and double-layered unit elements are used, one can gain additional parameters to control the
transmission characteristics for EBG structures.
EP1.2
WALL THICKNESS EFFECT ON SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS OF METALLIC ENCLOSURE WITH
M. A. Khorrami, P. Dehkhoda, R. Moini, H. Sadeghi, Amirkabir University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
This paper presents a brief study of wall thickness effects on the shielding properties of metallic enclosures with apertures. An
approximate model is proposed in Electric Field Integral Equation (EFIE) solution by method of moments (MoM) to calculate the
coupled waves inside the cavity. As shown, considering wall thickness in our calculation leads to more accurate results. We also
characterize the thickness effects on shielding properties of an enclosure with an array of slots. The model is compared with the
measurements performed in an anechoic chamber and also with the results from a commercially available code (FEKO).
EP1.3
RENORMALIIZATION OF THE BLT EQUATION
C. E. Baum, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM, United States
By a renormalization procedure involving the square roots of the characteristic impedance matrices of the multiconductor
transmission lines, the wave variables (combined voltages and currents) are put in a special form. This allows one to bound the
scattering matrices in 2-norm sense. This gives a convergence criterion for the geometric-series expansion of the inverse of the
interaction supermatrix in the BLT equation.
EP1.4
VARIATIONS OF SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC BACKGROUND IN THE FREQUENCY
BAND BELOW 7 HZ
A. G. Kolesnik, S. A. Kolesnik, A. A. Kolmakov, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
We present results of a continuous multi-year monitoring of the vertical electric component of the electromagnetic background that
has been conducted at the Tomsk State University since 1997. An analysis of the spectral characteristics of electromagnetic
radiation in the frequency band below 7 Hz has been done. Experimental estimates of variations of the spectral parameters of
electromagnetic background have been obtained in a seasonal-diurnal cycle of observations. We discuss the results of conducted
experiments.
EP1.5
STUDIES ON IONOSPHERIC PERTURBATION DUE TO SEISMIC ACTIVITY USING INDIAN SROSS-C2 SATELLITE
DATA
1
2
3
1
2 1
J. Rai , R. Chand , D. K. Sharma , S. Kamakshi , M. Israil ; Department of Physics,Indian Institute of
2
Technology,Roorkee, Roorkee,Uttarakhand, India; Indian Insitute of Technology,Roorkee, Roorkee,Uttarakhand, India;
3
Manav Rachana College of Engineering, Faridabad,Haryana, India
The purpose of present paper is to see the effect of seismic activity on F2 -- region ionospheric electron and ion temperatures.
During seismic activity the ionospheric temperatures have been compared with the normal days. The ionospheric temperatures
have been measured by the RPA payload aboard the Indian SROSS--C2 satellite. The data have been used in the altitude range.
The details of seismic events have been down loaded from the USGS website and existing literatures. It has been found that the
ionospheric electron and ion temperatures have been enhanced during earthquakes compared to the normal days.
EP1.6
A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF INTRA-CLOUD LIGHTNING ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS DURING TROPICAL
SUMMER THUNDERSTORM IN NORTH-EAST INDIA
A. Guha, B. K. De, Tripura University, Tripura, India
The preliminary results of observation of the intra-cloud lightning electrical characteristics during tropical summer thunderstorm,
locally known as Nor-Wester, at a hilly place in North-East India are reported here. The field experiments were conducted in April
2007 using software VLF receiver. Different spectra of intra-cloud lightning discharge at VLF range are observed with peaks ranging
between 1.5 and 6 kHz. Average intra-cloud lightning channel conductivity is found to be 8.12E-10 S/m. Specific characteristics of
Integrated Field Intensity of Sferics (IFIS) at 14 kHz and 17 kHz are also studied.
242
EP1.7
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF MODEL TRANSIENT ELECTRIC FIELD IN THE MESOSPHERE ABOVE A BENT
STROKE OF LIGHTNING
M. Hayakawa, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu-city, Tokyo, Japan; I. G. Kudintseva, Karasin
Kharkov State University, Kharkov, Ukraine; A. P. Nickolaenko, Usikov Institute for Radio-Physics and Electronics,
National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Kharkov, Ukraine
We present the pulsed electric fields computed in the neutral atmosphere above a powerful positive lightning stroke with the bent
channel containing vertical and horizontal sections, each 10 km long. The fine structure of field is demonstrated arising in the space
due to combination of delayed pulses arriving from the stroke sections. The electric field distribution depends on time and on the
stroke orientation with respect to an elevated observer. Characteristic size of filaments in the transient electric field is about 1 km
along the horizontal direction, and it reaches a few tens of kilometers in the height.
EP1.8
STUDYING MAGNETO-OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF ISLAND NICKEL FILMS
O. M. Nakashidze, K. T. Kaxaberidze, Batumi State University, Batumi, Georgia
We have investigated the magneto-optical and optical properties of discontinuous Ni films, the weight thickness d of which was
within the interval 23-300 . For research Magneto-Optical properties of films Еquatorial Керр Еeffect (ЕКЕ) have been chosen. The
experimental results are in qualitative agreement with those predicted by the Garnett theory, generalized to the case of
ferromagnetic medium and by the generalized Garnetts theory, the account factor of ultra fine particle form and dielectric permittivity
of their surrounding matrix.
EP1.9
AN ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY OF IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICE EMI DUE TO RFID READER/WRITERS
BASED UPON THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL EMF DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENT
S. Futatsumori, T. Hikage, T. Nojima, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; B. Koike, Japan Automatic Identification
Systems Association, Tokyo, Japan; H. Fujimoto, T. Toyoshima, Medtronic Japan Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) from commercially available RFID reader/writers on implantable cardiac pacemakers and
cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) were investigated. We have carried out detailed in-vitro experiments to assess the EMI due to RFID
reader/writers for implantable medical devices (RFID/IMD-EMI). In this paper, an assessment methodology for the RFID/IMD-EMI
based on three-dimensional EMF measurement of the RFID reader/writer antenna is proposed. The assessment results obtained by
the new methodology are presented.
EP1.10
ASPECTS OF MODELLING A UWB IMPULSE RADIATING ANTENNA
H. Thye, M. Koch, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany; F. Sabath, Armed Forces Scientific Institute for
Protection Technologies, Munster, Germany
The standard Impulse Radiating Antenna (IRA) is a reflector type antenna with the ability to radiate ultra wideband (UWB) pulses
with a high directivity. Measurements have shown that the maximum amplitude of the radiated field is limited by the design of the
feeding section. Different commercially available simulation tools were used to build models of the feeding section in order to
optimize the geometry. The aim is to minimize reflections and maximize amplitude of the voltage pulse which can be transmitted
without leading to breakthrough effects . This contribution deals with aspects of the modelling process and presents first results.
EP1.11
INTEGRATION OF PROBABILISTIC REASONING AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT TO EVALUATE THE
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS BY HIGH POWER ELECTROMAGNETICS
E. Toton, Toton, Incorporated, Reston, Virginia, United States
A major challenge facing the information systems community in dealing with the susceptibility and vulnerability of integrated systems
is to develop an investment strategy that address the threat of terrorist-employed High Power Electromagnetic weapons. The
assessment of risk is attractive for guiding decisions in the evaluation of low risk high consequence events. To what extent can a
formal methodology be developed when there are uncertainties and risks in complex systems and when subjective assumptions
must be made in the evaluation process? This paper addresses quantification of risk for electronic systems when these are
susceptible to widespread electromagnetic effects.
EP1.12
HARMFUL INTERFERENCES TO AERONAUTICAL RADIO COMMUNICATIONS ARISING FROM PASSIVE
INTERMODULATION
J. P. Borrego, ICP-ANACOM, Lisbon, Portugal; N. B. Carvalho, Institute of Telecommunications - University of Aveiro,
Aveiro, Portugal
In certain RF environments, where several transmitters and receivers are sharing a common place, it is usual to observe harmful
interferences, due to nonlinear phenomena in local RF devices, and not because of external interfering sources. Nonlinearities
contribute to degrade transmitted/received signals and to generate spectral components without any interest, which are occupying
resources, improperly. This paper introduces a real case study related to a harmful interference problem which affected the
Aeronautical Mobile Service radio communications, between the Lisbon International Airport's Control Tower and the aircrafts
approaching the runway. Passive Intermodulation was in the origin of this problem.
243
EP1.13
INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF DIELECTRIC WAVEGUIDE REFLECTOMETRY FOR MEASURING COMPLEX
PERMITTIVITY AT MILLIMETER-WAVE FREQUENCIES
K. Lees, B. N. Clarke, C. P. Ei, M. J. Salter, N. M. Ridler, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, United Kingdom
The application of a millimeter-wave dielectric waveguide reflectometer probe to the measurement of the complex permittivity of
solid samples has been investigated in the frequency range 75 110 GHz. Electromagnetic modeling of the fields in the waveguide,
sample and the surrounding media, has been used to relate measured reflection coefficient to sample permittivity. This study has
demonstrated the basic viability of this approach. It has the advantage that it can, in principle, be used at terahertz frequencies.
244
GENERAL POSTER SESSION I COMMISSION F (FOCUS PROPAGATION)
Session Chairs: Piotr Sobieski, Madhu Chandra
Session
FP1
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
FP1.1
2GHZ BAND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS OVER DENSE URBAN REGIONS
OF INDIA
M. V. S. N. Prasad, K. Ratnamala, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi,New Delhi, India; P. K. Dalela, National
Physical Laoratory, New Delhi,New Delhi, India
Urban propagation modeling in cellular communication assumed lot of importance due to high revenues to operators, complexity of
propagation phenomena arising due to tall towers, high rise buildings etc. Not many measurements in the 2GHz band are reported
from this region of the world in dense urban scenario. To fulfil this objective narrowband radio measurements were conducted using
six GSM base stations using Idea cellular network in the dense urban regions of Delhi at 1800 MHz. Measured results have been
compared with various path loss prediction techniques and related parameters have been deduced.
FP1.2
SPREAD SPECTRUM COMMUNICATION EXPERIMENT WITH SATELLITE APSTAR 1
1
2
1 1
G. Ma , Y. Yan , H. Shi ; National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (CIE);
2
Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (CIE)
Apstar 1 had been mainly designed and utilized for TV broadcasts. The main purpose of the experiment with Apstar 1 is to examine
whether the inclined geosynchronous satellite orbit or geostationary satellite can be used efficiently for CDMA communication, and
find the adequate space link design and the error control mode for such system. With the following specification, the primary phase
of the experiment was successful. power 10-watt antenna 5 dBi Earth station 13 m dish 2047-bit PN sequences rate 2.047 Mbps
Data rate 50 bps convolution code (2,1,7) Rolloff factor 0.4 Modulation BPSK
FP1.3
MEASURMENT OF VIBRATION AND SEISMIC SIGNAL USING
S. V. Khobragade, N. Gosavi, U. S. Khobragade, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere, Raigad,
India, Maharashtra, India
When a major earthquake occurs, the resultant energy released will propagate over a wide range of frequencies and velocities.
Various seismic wave phases propagating throughout the earth result in small, but measurable, ground motion which can be
detected by a seismometer. Recent technological and theoretical developments suggest that its effectiveness could be greatly
increased through the use of satellite communications, automatic data acquisition and transmission, and computerized pre
calculation of wave effects. This Paper is based on the measurement of such data using simple hardware and microcontroller.
FP1.4
KA-BAND RAIN ATTENUTION OVER MAJOR INDIAN CITIES
D. M. Magdum, A. N. Jadhav, Dr.D.Y.Patil Engineering College,Kolhapur,Maharashtra State(India),
Kolhapur,Maharashtra, India
Rain attenuation is a major cause of signal degradation for earth-space communication systems operating at centimeter and
millimeter waves in the tropical environment, where high intensity rainfall exists. Rain attenuation is also the most critical impairment
to counteract, especially for high-availability systems. Presently ITU-R Model gives global rainfall statistic, which provides only
course data for Indian stations. This will be quite inadequate for calculation of rain attenuation statistics from point rainfall rate. In the
present work rain zones have been modified by using available metrological data and Ka-band rain attenuation is calculated over
major Indian cities.
FP1.5
SPATIAL-TEMPORARY DISTRIBUTION OF AIR REFRACTIVE INDEX N IN A 100-METER OF ATMOSPHERE OF
POLAR REGIONS OF RUSSIA
V. Tsydypov, G. Zhamsueva, A. Zayakhanov, Buryat Science Center of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of
Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation
The problem of influencing of air refractive index N on prediction of radiowaves propagation is actual even nowadays. By results of
statistical processing of archive data of 17 meteorological stations of Polar regions of Russia the maps of isoline, diurnal and
seasonal variations of air refractive index N are received. The table of statistical parameters of air refractive index N is given, which
essentially supplement and specify spatial-temporary distribution of radiometeorological parameters of high latitude atmosphere.
The development of refractive index N of air in high latitude atmosphere for science has solved the problems of prediction of
radiowaves propagation.
245
FP1.6
DESIGN OF A MONITORING SYSTEM FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION MEASUREMENTS
1
2
2
1
2 1
F. Mavromatis , A. Boursianis , T. Samaras , C. Koukourlis , J. N. Sahalos ; Demokritos University of Thrace,
2
Xanthi, Greece; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
A broadband monitoring system for measuring on a 24-hour basis the total electric field radiated from broadcasting and
communications systems is presented. It contains an omni-directional sensor antenna with the appropriate electronic circuits. The
heart of the system is a low-power, 8 bit RISC microcontroller of Microchip, running at 10MHz. Low cost and high reliability render
the system inexpensive for the deployment of electromagnetic radiation monitoring networks and trustworthy for the public. All tests
(radiation pattern, response linearity, frequency response) have shown that the system can be successfully compared with the
commercially available ones.
FP1.7
PROPAGATION OF 2 GHZ RADIO WAVES OVER THE ENGLISH CHANNEL: ANALYSIS OF CASES OF SUBREFRACTION
S. D. Gunashekar, E. M. Warrington, D. R. Siddle, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
This paper presents details about the transhorizon propagation of 2 GHz radio waves over the sea during sub-refractive
atmospheric conditions. Sub-refraction is perhaps the most rare of the four refractive conditions (ducting, super-refraction, normal
refraction and sub-refraction), but nevertheless cannot be ignored when assessing the performance of a radio link. Specifically, for a
50 km, low-altitude, over-sea radio path in the British Channel Islands, an attempt has been made to model the propagation
conditions during periods of sub-refraction, and the results compared with experimental observations.
FP1.8
THE APPROACH TO A PROBLEM OF SEARCH OF PEOPLE UNDER AVALANCHES
I. B. Shirokov, M. A. Durmanov, A. I. Yaufman, Sevastopol National Technical University, Sevastopol, Ukraine
Some aspects of creation of system for searching of people under the rocks obstruction, avalanches, and constructions ruins are
considered. Taking into account the impossibility of use of standard antennas systems on working frequencies and on working
distances the using of inductance coils for signals reception and signals transmitting was offered. In this case due to the mutual
induction between the coils it is possible to establish the communication and it is possible to estimate the distance up to object of
search.
FP1.9
INVESTIGATION OF INFLUENCE OF FREQUENCY INSTABILITY OF REFERENCE OSCILLATOR ON THE
ACCURACY OF HOMODYNE MEASUREMENTS OF PHASE PROGRESSION FLUCTUATIONS ON MICROWAVE
LINE-OF-SIGHT LINKS
I. B. Shirokov, I. V. Serdyuk, Sevastopol National Technical University, Sevastopol, Ukraine
In this paper the investigation results of the influence of frequency instability of reference oscillator on the accuracy of homodyne
phase measurements are presented. The diagram of dependences the root-mean-square measurement error from the
measurement line length at different frequency instability of reference oscillator is charted. The recommendations for selecting
measurement line length and frequency instability of reference oscillator are given.
FP1.10
NEAR GROUND CHANNEL CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELING FOR A TROPICAL FORESTED PATH
Y. H. Lee, Y. S. Meng, B. C. Ng, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Application of short range military sensor network in the foliage environments requires a full understanding of the forested channel in
order to optimize its performance. This paper reports the details of the near ground narrowband and wideband forested channel
characterization at VHF and UHF bands. From these experimental results, it is observed that, when the frequency increases, the
attenuation rate (path loss exponent n) decreases, while the delay spread statistics increases. This is due to the tree trunk induced
scattering. As the frequency increases, the signal wavelength becomes comparable to the tree trunk size which results in more
scattering components.
FP1.11
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ITU-R P.1812 "A PATH-SPECIFIC PROPAGATION PREDICTION METHOD FOR POINTTO-AREA"
M. J. Willis, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxford, UK, United Kingdom
The development process of recommended ITU-R models is not always very clear to those outside the ITU-R Study Groups. This
paper will give an insight the steps taken in developing, testing and ratifying new ITU-R propagation recommendations, through the
example of the new path specific, point to area model. It will examine the many constraints to developing internationally acceptable
models that must be applicable globally and must give consistent results. Extensive testing over the entire parameter space of the
models avoids unfortunate artifacts. Frequently the measurement databases are sparse and alternative testing methods necessary.
246
OPEN SESSION AND LATEST RESULTS FOR COM. G (P)
Session Chairs: C Hanuise, Anthea Coster, Michael Rietveld, T Maruyama
Session
GP1-01
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
GP1-01.1 ROLE OF SOLAR FLUX IN THE EVOLUTION OF POST SUNSET EQUATORIAL F REGION HEIGHT DURING
MAGNETICALLY QUIET AND DISTURBED PERIODS
B. A. Kakad, Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, New Panvel, India, Panvel, India
In the present study ionosonde data recorded at dip equatorial station Trivandrum (770 E, 8.50N, dip0.50N) for the period of 19962003 is used to investigate the role of solar flux in controlling the rate of vertical upward (Vzmax) and downward (Vzmin) movement
of equatorial F region in the post sunset hours in different seasons. Secondly, how the evolution of hF during magnetically disturbed
days (Ap>20) differs from that on quiet days, and the influence exerted by solar flux on the extent of the electric field disturbances is
also investigated.
GP1-01.2 SIMULATION OF ROUND-THE-WORLD SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS USING WAVEGUIDE APPROACH
V. A. Moshkova, V. I. Kurkin, Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
Numerical simulations of round-the-world (RTW) high frequency signal characteristics have been carried out in this study. Program
compex on the base of waveguide approach developed at the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS and International
Reference Ionosphere were used for this calculations. The modeling results were compared with experimental data obtained at the
Russian chirp-sounders network. The quantitative dependency between magnitudes of minimum F2-region critical frequency over
the RTW path and RTW signal maximum usable frequency values was obtained.
GP1-01.3 DETECTABILITY OF D REGION VARIATIONS NEAR THE SOUTH ATLANTIC ANOMALY
F. Han, S. A. Cummer, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; C. J. Rodger, University of Otago, Dunedin, New
Zealand
We verified our Brazil stations capacity to detect actual ionosphere variations near the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) by matching
simulated detected sferics to simulated sferics. We did 2D FDTD simulations for wave propagation in earth-ionosphere waveguide
with two kinds of upper boundaries, six typical near SAA D region disturbed profiles from a chemical model and typical exponential
profiles. We found any of the simulated detected sferic (from six disturbed profiles) can match one certain simulated sferic (from
exponential profiles). This result suggests that the ionospheric D region variations near SAA are detectable by our station.
GP1-01.4 IONOSPHERIC STORMS AT A SUB-AURORAL LOCATION IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
M. Mendillo, C. Narvaez, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
At eastern US longitudes (~75 W), ionospheric storms exhibit a positive phase that maximizes as a dusk-effect at sub-auroral
latitudes, followed by depletions due to trough motions, and subsequent daytime negative phase effects. In the Australian sector
(~145 E), the dipole tilt results in geophysically-comparable conditions. We used storm events in solar cycle 20 studied previously
with TEC and conducted identical analyses using ionosonde data from Hobart (Tasmania) and Wallops Island (VA, USA). The
disturbance patterns in NmF2 at Hobart match the negative phase patterns at Wallops Island, but considerable differences occur for
the initial positive phase.
GP1-01.5 A SOUTH AFRICAN ANALYSIS OF GPS TEC AND IONOSPHERIC VARIABILITY DURING MAGNETIC STORMS
J. B. Habarulema, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; L.-A. McKinnell, B. Opperman, Hermanus
Magnetic Observatory, Hermanus, South Africa
The variations of total electron content (TEC) derived from the South African dual frequency GPS receivers during the magnetic
storms of 5-8 April 2000 and 7-12 November 2004 have been studied and correlated to ionospheric variability using ionosonde
measurements. Results show that GPS TEC near both solar maximum and in the declining phase of the solar cycle was significantly
depleted with a corresponding depletion in foF2. It has been observed that the ionospheric slab thickness achieved its maximum
increment during the recovery phases of the magnetic storm
247
GP1-01.6 DEVELOPMENT OF THE SENSITIVE TECHNIQUE FOR DATA PROCESSING DURING THE SATELLITES VENERA15,-16 OCCULTATION EXPERIMENTS
M. Grigoryevskaya, Moscow technical University of Communications and Informatics, Moscow, Russian
Federation; Y. Gavrik, T. Kopnina, A. Gavrik, Institute of radio engineering and electronics, Fryazino, Russian
Federation
New methods of data handling have been applied to reanalyze digital records obtained from VENERA-15,-16 dual-frequency
occultation experiments. The regular existence of new ionospheric layers in the daytime Venus ionosphere at heights 80-120 km
was detected. The bottom border of this ionosphere part and gradients of the electron density show strong variability. We have
detected the wave structure in the top atmosphere and in the bottom ionosphere at heights 60-115 km. To solve the inverse problem
of radio probing and detection of the electron density we use a new technique developed to minimize errors.
GP1-01.7 SIGNATURES OF STORM SUDDEN COMMENCEMENTS(SSC) IN GEOMAGNETIC H FIELD AT INDIAN STATIONS
AND ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELD ORIENTATION
1
2
1
1 1
2
B. Veenadhari , T. Dhar , R. Singh , S. Alex ; Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai, India; University of
Pune, Pune, India
SSC is one of the important aspects of solar terrestrial relationships involving solar wind, IMF, magnetosphere, ionosphere. The
SSCs observed globally everywhere at ground, with different amplitude and depends on the latitude and also the local time. The
understanding of the SCs in general involves the complex current systems magnetosphere-ionosphere domain as a result of sudden
magnetospheric compression. The main focus is on the SSCs of severe magnetic storms and associated IMF parameters and solar
wind dynamic pressure will be investigated using digital geomagnetic data from Indian sector, satellite data and associated
ionospheric current systems.
GP1-01.8 E AND F REGION MIDLATITUDE IONOSPHERIC DRIFTS OBSERVED DURING GEOMAGNETIC STORMS.
J. Boska, D. Buresova, D. Kouba, P. Sauli, Institute of Atmospheric physics ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic
Modern digisonde DPS-4, which operated at the Pruhonice observatory of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Prague from 2004,
enables us to carry out ionospheric drifts measurements. Using standard mode of autodrift mode operation the velocity of the F
region drifts is usually determined in the vicinity of the peak of the electron density profile . Since 2005 we are also measuring
ionospheric drifts at the heights of the ionospheric E region (95-145 km). Here we present the analysis of the plasma drifts of two
different ionospheric regions observed under quiet and ionospheric storm conditions during the period 2005-2007.
GP1-01.9 STUDY THE GROWTH AND DECAY OF EQUATORIAL IONIZATION ANOMALY OVER INDIAN SECTOR BY USING
COHERENT RADIO BEACON EXPERIMENT (CRABEX): A PRELIMINARY RESULTS
R. M. Das, R. S. Dabas, A. K. Upadhayaya, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India; S. Ravindran, Vikram
Sarabhai Space Centre, Trivandrum, India; R. Sharma, Indian Space Research Organization, Bhopal, India
A study has been carried out for the latitudinal variations of ionospheric TEC (Total Electron Content) over the region by using
network of CRABEX stations. The result shows day-to-day variability in the growth and decay of equatorial anomaly including the
nighttime enhancement of electron density over low latitude region and occurrence of spread-F. The observed results are also
compared with TEC value derived from the PIM and IRI-2001 models. The value derived from the PIM and IRI-2001 model are over
estimated from the observed TEC values during the day and night time.
GP1-01.10 ANNUAL TOTAL ELECTRON CONTENT VARIATION NEAR THE EQUATORIAL ANOMALY REGION DURING THE
SOLAR MINIMUM
A. K. Singh, S. Kumar, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; F. Azpilicueta, C. Brunini, Universidad Nacional
de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
TEC derived by GPS recorded near the equatorial ionospheric anomaly (EIA) region, Varanasi (geomag. lat. 14, 55 N, geomag. long.
154 E) is studied. We studied seasonal and geomagnetic effects on EIA during the solar minimum period from May 2007 to April
2008. The TEC at equatorial anomaly crest yield their maximum during the equinox months and minimum during the summer. The
monthly mean of peak magnitude of TEC were poorly correlated with Dst-index (CC=0.22) but well with Kp-index (CC= 0.75). The
maximum occurrence of daily maximum EIA crest was found around 14:30 LT.
GP1-01.11 USE OF VARYING SHELL HEIGHTS DERIVED FROM IONOSONDE DATA IN CALCULATING TOTAL ELECTRON
CONTENT (TEC) USING GPS- NEW METHOD.
S. C. Mushini, P. T. Jayachandran, R. B. Langley, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick,
Canada; J. W. MacDougall, University of Western Ontario, London,Ontario, Canada
The dispersive nature of the ionosphere makes the Global Positioning System(GPS), which uses dual-frequency radio signals,
makes it an ideal system to measure its Total Electron Content. It was observed from ionosonde data from the polar region that the
height of an approximated thin shell of electrons is not fixed but rather changing. Here we introduce a new method where we
included the shell heights derived from the ionosonde to map the slant total electron content from GPS to obtain a precise vertical
total electron content of the Ionosphere contrary to some previous methods using fixed shell heights.
248
GP1-01.12 CAPACITY-BUILDING IN RADIO SCIENCE THROUGH THE GLOBAL NETWORK OF AWESOME ELF/VLF SPACE
MONITORS
S. Bijoor, U. S. Inan, M. B. Cohen, D. Scherrer, P. Scherrer, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
Stanford University introduces a pioneering program to foster capacity-building of radio science expertise in underdeveloped
countries. Through the United Nations Basic Space Science Initiative (UNBSSI) and IHY Education and Public Outreach Program,
Stanford is developing a global network of Very Low Frequency (VLF) radio receivers. We build on this network to establish radio
science expertise by: 1) creating a collection of online tools and resources to enable advanced data analysis, and 2) developing
initiatives to promote mentorship and collaboration amongst sites. We present our recent distributions in Africa, a web-accessible
data viewer, and an online collaborative forum.
GP1-01.13 INVESTIGATION OF THE LATITUDE AND ALTITUDE DEPENDENCE OF LARGE MID-LATITUDE IONOSPHERIC
ELECTRON AND ION DENSITY GRADIENTS ASSOCIATED WITH OUTER-PLASMASPHERIC STRUCTURES
R. F. Benson, J. M. Grebowsky, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States; D. Bilitza,
GMU/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States; P. A. Webb, GEST/UMBC/Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States; V. Truhlik, Acad. Sci., Praha 4, Czech Republic
We present initial results of an investigation of archived data corresponding to coincident vertical ionospheric Ne profiles, and
ionospheric and magnetospheric ion-composition data and magnetospheric electric-field data, in order to relate steep mid-latitude
trough region plasma gradients to plasmapause determinations based on in-situ measurements. The emphasis is on the analysis of
latitudinal cuts of Alouette and ISIS topside sounder vertical electron density profiles from the height of the ionospheric Ne maximum
to ~ 3,000 km, in-situ ion composition data in the ionosphere and magnetosphere, and Explorer-45 magnetospheric electric-field
measurements (to identify plasmapause crossings).
GP1-01.14 VLF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PROPAGATION OVER LARGE DISTANCES USING TIME-DOMAIN SEGMENTED
LONG PATH TECHNIQUE
T. W. Chevalier, U. S. Inan, T. F. Bell, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
A three-dimensional Segmented Long Path (SLP) technique is used to study both sub-ionospheric and trans-ionospheric
electromagnetic wave propagation at Very Low Frequencies (VLF). This approach allows for the efficient calculation of transient
electromagnetic fields radiated by impulsive sources over great distances and utilizes the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD)
method. For the trans-ionospheric propagation study, comparisons are made between our method and the full wave solution. In
addition, we examine the differences between existing mode based techniques such as the Long Wavelength Propagation
Capability (LWPC) and our model for several case studies.
GP1-01.15 DIFFERENT BEHAVIORS OF TEC AND F2 PEAK ELECTRON EENSITY AT MIDLATITUDES DURING
GEOMAGNETIC STORMS
H. Jin, T. Maruyama, National institute of information and communications technology, Tokyo, Japan
We investigated behaviors of total electron content (TEC) and F2 peak electron density (NmF2) observed at midlatitudes during
geomagnetic storms. Although TEC and NmF2 disturbances were similar during moderate storms, they were sometimes quite
different during severe storms. By using numerical simulation, we suggest that different TEC and NmF2 disturbances can be caused
by effects of F-region plasma dynamics enhanced when storm drivers operate suddenly or effects of more than one storm drivers
operating simultaneously. Therefore, observations of such TEC and NmF2 disturbances include important information on the Fregion plasma dynamics and on the operating storm drivers.
GP1-01.16 FOF2 PREDICTION IN ROME OBSERVATORY
L. Perrone, M. Pietrella, B. Zolesi, A. Malagnini, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
A prediction procedure of the hourly values of the critical frequency of the F2 ionospheric layer, foF2, based on the local
geomagnetic index ak, is presented. The geomagnetic index utilised is the time-weighted accumulation magnetic index ak(tau)
based on recent past history of the index ak. It is utilised an empirical relationship between the log(NmF2(t)/ NmF2M), where
NmF2(t) is the hourly maximum electron density at the F2 peak layer and NmF2M is its 'quiet' value, and tau the time weighted
magnetic index. The prediction of foF2 is calculated during periods of severe magnetic activity.
GP1-01.17 A TEST OF THE STANDARD THEORY OF PMSE USING EISCAT VHF AND UHF OBSERVATIONS
Q. Li, M. Rapp, Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics e.V. at the University of Rostock, Rostock, MecklenburgVorpommer, Germany
It is now common belief that polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE) are caused by turbulent scatter in combination with a large
Schmidt number caused by the presence of charged ice particles. In this study, we try to test this standard theory with observations
of absolute volume reflectivities obtained with EISCAT VHF and UHF radars in Troms, Norway, i.e., at frequencies of 224 MHz and
930 MHz, respectively. We show that our experimental results are in reasonable agreement with theory, which gives strong support
that PMSE is indeed created by turbulent scatter in the presence of a large Schmidt number.
249
GP1-01.18 STUDY OF THE DIRECT PENETRATION OF MAGNETOSPHERIC CONVECTION ELECTRIC FIELD AT LOW
LATITUDES WITH BZ-COMPONENT AND BY-COMPONENT OF INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELD (IMF)
VARIATIONS DURING THE MAGNETIC STORM ON AUGUST 6TH, 1998
N. M. Mene, A. T. Kobea, O. K. Obrou, K. Z. Zaka, University of Cocody, UFR SSMT, Laboratory of Atmospheric
Physic, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
Variations of the ground-based magnetic field measurements show a correlation between the magnetic disturbances observed at
the auroral zone and equatorial zone. This correlation is an evidence of the direct effects of high latitudes fields, and currents at
equatorial latitudes. A study is made to understand how the magnetospheric convection electric field penetrates at low latitudes
during the magnetic storm on August 6th 1998. The results show a decreasing of the auroral activity and a falling of the
magnetospheric convection during the penetration. This study reveals that IMF component Bz and By are dependently related to
this disturbance event.
GP1-01.19 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE EQUATORIAL ELECTRODYNAMICS DURING THE IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCE
DYNAMO PROCESS: OBSERVATIONS FROM IEEY CAMPAIGN DATA ANALYSIS
K. Z. Zaka, A. T. Kobea, O. K. Obrou, N. M. Mene, University of Cocody, UFR SSMT, Laboratory of Atmospheric
Physics, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
Magnetic and ionosonde data are used to characterize daytime equatorial magnetic and electrodynamic signature of the ionospheric
disturbance dynamo process. During selected events, we observe the same planetary equatorial magnetic signature: the decreasing
of the magnetic field H component amplitude due to a westward electric current which is superimposed to the regular eastward
equatorial electrojet. The F2 region electron density strongly increases during these events and we observe an upward lift of the F2
layer confirming the large influence of the thermospheric disturbances on the electrodynamic parameters of the equatorial F region
compared with the disturbed electric field effects.
GP1-01.20 EUROPEAN IONOSPHERIC MONITORING AND MODELLING ACTIVITY IN MIERS
I. M. Stanislawska, Space Research Centre PAS, Warsaw, Poland; J. Lastovicka, Institute of Atmospheric Physics,
Prague, Czech Republic; A. Bourdillon, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France; B. Zolesi, Istituto Nazionale di
Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
MIERS COST296 Action creates a platform for sharing tools as algorithms or models and jointly developed advanced technologies.
The important part of the Action is stimulation and integration of many national and international activities which develop and provide
instruments and tools for ionospheric monitoring, modeling and forecasting. Special attention is put to the data ingestion and
assimilation in constructing ionospheric models of different spatial and time scale perturbations; storms, small variations and
irregularities. Physical origin of atmospheric/ionospheric effects, their signatures and parameters is investigated. Identifying criteria
are studied and formulated.
250
DENSITY PROFILING AND MODELS (P)
Session Chairs: B Reinisch, B Zolesi, D Bilitza, Michael Rietveld, T Maruyama
Session
GP1-02
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
GP1-02.1 VARIATION OF IONOSPHERIC PROFILE PARAMETERS DURING MODERATE SOLAR ACTIVITY AND
COMPARISON WITH IRI-2001
N. K. Sethi, R. S. Dabas, R. M. Das, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
Digital ionosonde measurements at a low mid-latitude station, New Delhi (28.6 N, 77.2 E) are used to derive bottomside profile
shape parameters B0,B1 for the period from January 2003 to December 2003. The parameters B0 and B1 denote the thickness and
shape of profile. Diurnal and seasonal variations of B0,B1 are examined and compared with those obtained from the latest available
empirical model IRI-2001 using both the IRI (B0 Tab.) and IRI (Gulyaeva) options. The important points of agreement and
disagreement between the IRI predictions and observations are brought out for both the parameters.
GP1-02.2 NIGHTTIME LOWER D-REGION FROM VLF PHASE & AMPLITUDE
N. R. Thomson, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
VLF phase and amplitude observations are used to better define the bottom edge of the night ionosphere. Long, all-sea, mid-latitude
paths are very consistent with a Wait reflection height, H' = 85 km, and a Wait sharpness factor, β = 0.63 km-1. These parameters
also give quite good agreement on a number of predominantly land paths (short and long) at mid-latitudes. However, measurements
from nighttime transequatorial paths, in particular all-sea paths, show there must be a very significant additional factor, not yet
accounted for, in the equatorial regions.
GP1-02.3 MODELING OF IONOSPHERIC F-REGION PARAMETERS FOR INDIAN ZONE
K. Sharma, R. S. Dabas, R. M. Das, N. K. Sethi, K. G. M. Pillai, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi-110012, New
Delhi-110012, India; A. K. Mishra, N.A.S.(PG) College, Meerut-250001, U.P., India
In the present study, for HF predictions over the Indian zone, two models are developed for equatorial and low latitude F-region
ionosphere. In the first approach, Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) for the dependence of F-region parameters namely foF2 and
M(3000)F2, on solar 2800 MHz flux (F10) and geomagnetic index Ap, and in the second one, Second Degree (SD) coefficients are
generated by fitting monthly median foF2 and M(3000)F2 with corresponding 12 monthly mean sunspot numbers (R12) using data
over three solar cycles.
GP1-02.4 VARIABILITY OF FOF2 AT KARACHI & ISLAMABAD DURING SOLAR MAXIMUM (1999-2000) & SOLAR MINIMUM
(2006-07) AND ITS COMPARISON WITH IRI
M. - Ashfaque, M. A. Ameen, M. - Ashiq, M. - Ayub, Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission
(SUPARCO), Karachi, Pakistan
The variability of foF2 is examined with the help of DGS-256 data of two Pakistani stations; Karachi (24.95N, 67.14E) and
Islamabad (33.75N, 72.87E) during 19992000 (solar maximum) and 200607 (solar minimum). The %variability is 3% greater during
solar maximum for both stations with higher values at nighttime. The comparison of foF2 values with IRI-2001 shows the same
seasonal trend with overestimation. Generally, CCIR model values are closer during solar maximum with less %deviation for
Islamabad. For Karachi URSI & CCIR show high relative deviation module mean and %deviation values during both solar periods.
GP1-02.5 INVESTIGATION OF INTERACTIONS OF GPS SIGNALS WITH IONOSPHERE IN MARMARA REGION
1
1
2
1
3
1 1
Z. Can , K. Bozkurt , D. Bozkurt , B. Elcin , O. Oguz , K. Kutlu ; YILDIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, Istanbul,
2
3
Turkey; ISTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, Istanbul, Turkey; ISTANBUL COMMERCE UNIVERSITY, Istanbul,
Turkey
GPS is a high accuracy positioning system that are also used for ionosphere studies. Variable structure of ionosphere causes
delays in GPS signals that are proportional to the total electron content (TEC) along the path from the GPS satellite to the
receiver.In this study, variations of TEC in Marmara region (28.58OE;41.01ON) has been investigated by using the GPS
measurements on 8-10 August and 20-27 September 2006 in reference stations, which were established within the context of
Establishment of National CORS System and National Datum Transformation project (Project No: 105g017).
251
GP1-02.6 COMPARISON OF THE FOUR DIFFERENT METHODS FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRON DENSITY
PROFILE FROM VERTICAL-INCIDENCE DATA
A. G. Kim, G. V. Kotovich, Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
The work is devoted to comparative analysis of the four different methods of electron density reconstruction from vertical-incidence
data. The digisondes use the Huang-Reinisch method for N(h)-profile reconstruction. The Guliaeva technique of N(h)-profile
reconstruction is also widely distributed in the science environment, but this method asks for complete height-frequency
characteristic. The Mikhailov method and the International Reference Ionosphere were examined too. Comparison of the mentioned
methods of N(h)-profile reconstruction was carried out on the basis of experimental vertical-incidence data obtained by DPS-4 in
Irkutsk.
GP1-02.7 STUDY OF THE TOTAL ELECTRON CONTENT (TEC) AT AN EQUATORIAL STATION
O. K. Obrou, A. T. Kobea, M. N. Mene, Z. K. Zaka, B. Ouattara, University of Cocody, Cocody, Abidjan, Cote
d'Ivoire; K. Groves, Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom AFB ,Massachusetts, USA
TEC is of significant importance for the operation of systems involving radio wave signal propagation. The equatorial ionosphere is
subject to large variations affecting accurate prediction of parameters such as TEC (Mendonca, 1960). The IRI model is used to
describe the electron density as well as TEC (Bilitza, 2001). This paper deals with the comparison of IRI predicted TEC with the
GPS observed TEC in Abidjan (5.35N, 3.98W, dip -10.18N). The observed TEC overestimate the modeled TEC. However, the
general trend is almost the same for both techniques apart from some fluctuation exhibit by the observed values
GP1-02.8 MODELING OF O+(2P) DAYGLOW EMISSION .
A. K. Upadhayaya, R. M. Das, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
O+(2P) emission can be used to infer the thermospheric atomic oxygen density hence modeling this emission has a good potential
reason. The accuracy of the emission rate of 732.0 nm depends mainly on the production and loss rates of O+(2P) in the
thermosphere. However the quenching rate coefficient of O+(2P) by O and N2 given by various studies shows a large variation. The
Volume emission rate (VER) of 732.0 nm dayglow emission is calculated using glow model with two different solar EUV flux coupled
with the three different estimates of the quenching rate coefficients.
GP1-02.9 A NEW GLOBAL F2 PEAK ELECTRON DENSITY MODEL FOR THE INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE IONOSPHERE
(IRI)
E. Oyeyemi, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; L.-A. McKinnell, Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, Hermanus, South
Africa
This paper describes the final report on the development of a new neural network (NN) based global empirical model for the F2
peak electron density (NmF2). Measured foF2 data obtained from various resources of the World Data Centre (WDC) archives
covering 135 global ionosonde stations have been used for training a NN. A comprehensive comparison between foF2 value
predictions using the NN based model and International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model with observed values was investigated.
The purpose of this paper is to present results from the version of the new foF2 model and demonstrate its readiness for
incorporation into IRI.
GP1-02.10 A SINGLE-STATION SPECTRAL MODEL OF THE MONTHLY MEDIAN F2-REGION CRITICAL FREQUENCY OVER
CHINA
1
2
3
1 1
2
T. Xu , J. Wu , J. Feng , Z. Wu ; xidian university, xi'an, China (CIE); National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic
3
Environment, Beijing, China (CIE); China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao, China (CIE)
Hourly values foF2, observed at the nine ionosonde stations in China about two solar cycles have been used to investigate the
dependence of the monthly median foF2 on solar activity and geomagnetic activity, and to construct single-station model (SSM)
using Fourier expansion. Based on the nonlinear relationships, we develop a new SSM for the selected stations and the SSM is
compared with IRI, which shows a much better agreement with observations. With the values of nine SSMs at a specific time, the
mapping of foF2 can be obtained using Kriging method.
GP1-02.11 VERTICAL PROFILES OF ELECTRON TEMPERATURE AND DENSITY OF BOTTOM SIDE F-REGION FROM INSITU MEASUREMENTS OVER A LOW LATITUDE STATION
T. John, S. Pattamatta, M. Bahl, H. K. Maini, P. Chopra, S. C. Garg, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
Vertical profiles of electron temperature and density in the bottom side F-region measured using RPA and LP respectively on a
rocket flight conducted at the low latitude station, Sriharikota (13.37oN, 80.18oE) on 3rd July 1992 are presented. Both the
temperature and density profiles contain a lot of fluctuations which are anti-correlated to suggest them to be genuine. The average
electron temperature profile compares closely with the IRI-2001 model in shape but shows higher values and also the temperature
peak occurs at a lower altitude. The density profile compares closely with the ionosonde profile.
252
GP1-02.12 EXTENDED VALIDATION OF NEQUICK 2 MODEL FOR NAVIGATION APPLICATIONS
P. Coisson, B. Nava, S. M. Radicella, the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy
The electron density model NeQuick is designed for trans-ionospheric propagation applications. It allows calculating both vertical or
slant profiles and total electron content (TEC). It has been recently upgraded to a new version, including changes in the profile
formulation, both in the bottom-side and topside ionosphere. This paper presents an analysis of the capability of NeQuick 2 model to
reproduce the slant TEC values measured at stations worldwide distributed. The data used cover complete years of high (2000) and
moderate solar activity (2004). A comparison with GPS Ionospheric Correction Algorithm (ICA), the Klobuchar model, is also
presented.
GP1-02.13 GPS AS A SOURCE OF DATA GENERATION ABOUT HIGH-ALTITUDE DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRONIC
CONCENTRATION
V. M. Smirnov, E. V. Smirnova, Institute of Radioengeneering and Electronics of RAS, Fryazino, Russian Federation
This paper discusses a method of radio-translucence allowing the reconstruction of altitude profiles of ionosphere electron
concentration using data of satellite navigation systems. The radio-translucence method allows the creation of altitude profiles of
ionosphere electron concentration with sampling of GPS signal registration. Realization of this method is based on the decision of a
return ill-posed task of an ionosphere radio-translucence by the conjugate-gradient method. This method steadily works at the task
decision with restrictions and presence of local maxima. Simulation results and the altitude structures of electronic concentration
restored on real GPS data are presented.
GP1-02.14 ELECTRON DENSITY ENHANCEMENTS DURING SOLAR X-RAY FLARES FROM VLF SOUNDING OF THE LOWER
IONOSPHERE
V. Zigman, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia; D. Grubor, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Physics
Cathedra, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; D. Sulic, Institute of Physics, Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
This study combines ground- and space-based observations with physics-based modelling of the ionosphere D-region electron
density enhancements during Solar X-ray flares. For this purpose the amplitude and phase perturbations, of VLF signals from
transmitters GQD/22.1kHz and NAA 24.0 kHz, recorded by the Belgrade Absolute Phase and Amplitude Logger (AbsPAL) have
been related to the X-ray irradiance (0.1- 0.8nm), measured by the GOES-12 satellite, for 120 flare induced events, registered
through May-August 2004-2007. The results of two applied independent models are found to be in good mutual agreement.
GP1-02.15 IMITATION OF THE IRI2007 MODEL RESULTS FOR HIGH FREQUENCY COMMUNICATION
O. A. Maltseva, T. V. Nikitenko, O. S. Poltavsky, Institute of Physics Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don,
Russian Federation
Results of Advances in Space Research (2007, v.39) and Proceedings of IRI/COST 296 Workshop in Prague (July 2007) show that
the model IRI2007 goes to the starting line. Now this model includes improvements of the TEC determination. In the near future it
will include new models of the ionospheric propagation factor M(3000)F2 and parameters B0, B1, D1 describing the form of the
N(h)-profile. Results of estimating differences between parameters provided by both of models (IRI2001 and IRI2007) are presented.
The most important improvements seemed to be connected with the TEC parameter.
GP1-02.16 PLANETARY AND ZONAL INDICES OF THE IONOSPHERE VARIABILITY DERIVED FROM NUMERICAL MAPS OF
FOF2
I. M. Stanislawska, Space Research Centre PAS, Warsaw, Poland; T. L. Gulyaeva, IZMIRAN, Troitsk, Russia
Planetary and zonal ionospheric indices are designed on the base of foF2 characteristics observations for the years 1999-2006
according to the procedure developed for TEC parameter. Comparison of both indices for selected circumstances and areas is
presented. Analysis for scientific and operational assessments for global as well as regional monitoring and modeling is provided.
253
IRREGULARITIES AND SCINTILLATION (P)
Session Chairs: Patricia Doherty, Eurico de Paula, A Bhattacharyya, Michael Rietveld, T Maruyama
Session
GP1-03
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
GP1-03.1 DOING SPACE WEATHER OF SMALL SCALE IONOSPHERIC STRUCTURES VIA TOOLS FROM COMPLEX
SYSTEM THEORY
M. D. F. Materassi, Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sesto Fiorentino,
Italy; G. Consolini, Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Roma,
Italy; D. Pokhotelov, University of Bath, Bath, UK; N. Smith, Bath Institute for Complex Systems, Bath, UK
GNSS technology is allowing for higher and higher precision, while ionospheric irregularities degrade radio transmissions, limiting
this appealing technological potential. The physics of ionospheric irregularities, allowing to reasonably forecast their appearance and
evolution, is still under debate. In this paper we aim to study the problem via advanced analysis techniques from complex system
theory, with particular reference to the Space Weather point of view. The focus is on the most desruptive small scale structures, in a
multi-instrumental approach of data assimilation. Results on radio scintillation on high latitude GPS signals will be shown, and
related with helio-geophysical dynamics.
GP1-03.2 THE DEPENDENCE OF SCINTILLATION AND FOCUSING EFFECTS ON EQUATORIAL PLASMA BUBBLE
PARAMETERS AND PATH GEOMETRY FOR TRANSIONOSPHERIC PATHS
H. J. Strangeways, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
A transionopsheric simulator has been constructed that can include both quasi-regular and random structures typical of equatorial
plasma bubbles. The model can produce the statistical moments of a received signal that has traversed a bubble and generate its
random time series. of amplitude and phase. The background ionosphere is given by the NeQuick model. The characteristics of the
field for times before, during and after traversing the bubble can be determined.. Scintillation and focusing effects have been
investigated in terms of carrier frequency, bubble dimensions, bubble velocity, properties of the bubble irregularities, background
ionosphere parameters and path orientation
GP1-03.3 FADING PHENOMENA IN IONOSPHERIC COMMUNICATION LINKS OCCUR DURING MAGNETIC STORM WITH
APPLICATIONS TO SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS AND IONOSPHERE MONITORING
N. S. Blaunstein, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel; E. V. Mishin, Boston College, Institute for Scientific
Research, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
This paper presents the intensity and phase fluctuations dependence on the degree of ionospheric plasma perturbations occur
during magnetic storm based on experiments by GPS monitoring of the ionosphere. During this natural phenomenon, anomalous
absorption caused by decrease of the total electronic content, and fast fading of GPS radio signals caused by generation of plasma
small-scale irregularities are observed experimentally. In order to present the effect of scattering caused by plasma irregularities
generated during magnetic storm, 2-D phase-screen model is introduced. A satisfactory explanation of fading phenomena observed
experimentally is presented based on the corresponding theoretical framework.
GP1-03.4 SPATIAL EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE SCATTERING OF HF SIGNALS IN THE IONOSPHERE: THEORY AND
EXPERIMENT
N. A. Zabotin, J. W. Wright, A. J. Gasiewski, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United
States; G. A. Zhbankov, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
The theory of multiple scattering of near-normal incident MF/HF radio waves by intermediate-scale (0.1-2 km) ionospheric
irregularities, as developed earlier by the authors, predicts significant reduction of the integral intensity of a signal reflected from the
ionosphere in the vicinity of a ground-based transmitter (several tens of kilometers), followed by an enhancement at a greater
distance. This effect is measurable using pulsed radar signals and a mobile setup comprising a digital receiver, a controlling laptop
computer, and a GPS receiver. We report the first results of the experiment and of a related theoretical development.
254
GP1-03.5 CHARACTERISTICS OF DEEP GPS SIGNAL FADING DUE TO IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION ANALYZED USING
A SOFTWARE RECEIVER
J. Seo, T. Walter, T.-Y. Chiou, P. Enge, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
This paper analyzes raw GPS (Global Positioning System) data collected at Ascension Island in March 2001 in order to characterize
statistics of deep signal fading due to ionospheric scintillation. Strong scintillation period based on S4 index during the eight days
campaign was chosen and the data were processed in 50 Hz rate using a commercial software receiver. Statistics of fading duration
according to carrier to noise density ratio (C/No) are presented and time between fades are also analyzed. Importance of these
characteristics for an operational aircraft navigation system using GPS and WAAS (Wide Area Augmentation System) is briefly
discussed.
GP1-03.6 THE BOTTOM-SIDE F REGION IRREGULARITIES OBSERVED FROM THE SO LUS RADAR
E. R. de Paula, E. A. Kherani, M. A. Abdu, L. A. P. de Camargo, National Institute for Space Research-INPE, Sao
Jose dos Campos Sao Paulo, Brazil
The Sao Luis radar is being employed to study the 5 m equatorial ionospheric irregularities. The irregularities of different scale sizes
(ESF) are often present in the F region. Most spectacular event in the ESF are the upwelling bubbles. They trigger the hierarchy of
plasma instability process to generate the small meter scale. However, sometimes the ESF is observed without the bubbles, what is
an enigma and needs intensive investigation. We present the 5 year statistics of such. Based on the recent numerical simulations,
different possibilities are discussed to understand the formation of such layers and meter scale irregularities.
GP1-03.7 TEC VARIABILITY AND SCINTILLATION AT LOW LATITUDES MEASURED USING HIGH-RATE GPS RECEIVERS
C. S. Carrano, Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Lexington, MA, United States; K. M. Groves, Air Force
Research Laboratory, Lexington, MA, United States
In this paper we characterize TEC variability and scintillation activity at low latitudes using a network of high rate dual-frequency
GPS receivers maintained by Air Force Research Laboratory. A statistical analysis of large-scale TEC gradients as a function of
magnetic latitude and local time is presented. Small-scale TEC fluctuations are quantified in terms of the 60-second standard
deviation of the rate of change of TEC, sampled at 10-50 Hz. These high sampling rates make this quantity sensitive to small-scale
ionospheric structures (roughly 5-25 meters in size) which cause ionospheric scintillation.
GP1-03.8 MODELING IONOSPHERIC IMPACTS ON TRANSIONOSPHERIC SIGNALS WITH A PHASE SCREEN
CONSTRUCTED FROM RADAR PHASE-DERIVED TEC
R. G. Caton, C. S. Carrano, C. M. Acala, AER, INC, Lexington, MA, United States; K. M. Groves, T. Beach, Air Force
Research Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, MA, United States; D. Sponseller, Kwajalein Range Services LLC, Kwajalein
Atoll, Marshall Isla, United States
We use VHF/UHF ALTAIR radar tracking data from passive calibration spheres in low earth orbit (LEO) to demonstrate the validity
of a one-dimensional phase screen model to represent the propagation channel through a disturbed ionosphere. We construct the
1-D phase screen from radar phase-derived estimates of the total electron content (TEC) and present a detailed comparison of the
results with observed radar returns during disturbed and quiet conditions. In-situ density measurements from LEO satellites, such as
C/NOFS, together with such a phase screen model will be use to drive scintillation specification products.
GP1-03.9 CHARACTERISTICS OF SCINTILLATIONS AND PLASMA DEPLETIONS IN THE SOUTH AMERICAN REGION
G. K. Seemala, P. H. Doherty, C. E. Valladares, Boston College, Boston, MA, United States
GPS positioning accuracy degradation due to group delay introduced by TEC and ionospheric scintillations are more significant than
other effects. Thus a prior knowledge on scintillations and plasma depletions will be of immense use for the GPS based navigation
systems. In this paper, we present the characteristics and effects of scintillations in the South American region, their evolution and
extent with the TEC depletions/bubbles from the simultaneous data of available GPS TEC stations of Low-latitude Ionospheric
Sensor Network (LISN) and South American region. In addition, an algorithm to detect plasma depletions in near real time will be
introduced.
GP1-03.10 SPATIAL DECORRELATION OF 150 AND 400 MHZ TRANS-IONOSPHERIC SIGNALS MEASURED AT ASCENSION
ISLAND
1
1,2 1
2
M. M. van de Kamp , P. S. Cannon ; University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom; QinetiQ, Malvern, United Kingdom
The signals of space-based synthetic aperture radars can be decorrelated by ionospheric turbulence. This effect is studied in a new
measurement project, in which UHF and VHF signals, from navigation and other LEO satellites, are being monitored by three
different antennas installed on Ascension Island, located in the equatorial crest region. Two of the antennas are separated 500 m
apart (East-West) and phase-locked together; the third one is a few km away. By analysing the autocorrelations and crosscorrelations of the received signals, information is obtained about the decorrelating effect due to ionospheric turbulence.
255
GP1-03.11 RADAR AND GPS OBSERVATIONS OF EQUATORIAL SPREAD F IRREGULARITIES (ESF) OVER INDIA
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S. Sripathi , S. Bose , A. K. Patra , T. K. Pant , B. Kakad , A. Bhattacharyya ; Indian Institute of Geomagnetism,
2
3
Navi Mumbai, India; National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Tirupati, India; Space Physics Laboratory,
Trivandrum, India
In this paper, we present observations of temporal and spatial variability of total electron content (TEC) and amplitude scintillations
on L1 frequency (1.575 GHz) during the time of equatorial spread F (ESF) while the MST radar (53 MHz) located at Gadanki (13.50
N, 79.20 E, Dip latitude 6.30 N), a low latitude station, made simultaneous observations. In particular, the latitudinal and longitudinal
extent of TEC and L-band scintillations was studied in the Indian region for different types of ESF structures observed using the
MST radar.
GP1-03.12 DEVELOPMENT OR INHIBITION OF POST-SUNSET ESF DURING GEOMAGNETIC STORM A MULTIINSTRUMENTAL AND MULTI-STATION STUDY ON ITS LOCAL TIME (LONGITUDE) DEPENDANT RESPONSE
S. Tulasi Ram, P. V. S. Rama Rao, D. S. V. V. D. Prasad, K. Niranjan, Space Physics Laboratories, Visakhapatnam,
Andhra Pradesh, India
A multi-instrumental (ground based and space borne) and multi-station study on the development/inhibition of postsunset ESF
during five geomagnetic storms has revealed that the prompt penetration phase may last for many hours (6-7 hrs) as the
geomagnetic activity continues to intensify under the southward orientation of IMFBz. In this paper, we show the development of
plasma bubble irregularities over a wide longitudinal extent of 92 deg (one fourth of the equatorial ionosphere) due to the dusktime
penetration of electric fields into low latitudes. The dSymH/dt is the superior index to determine the time of penetration.
GP1-03.13 THE COMBINED EFFECTS OF ELECTROJET STRENGTH AND THE GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY ON THE POST
SUNSET HEIGHT RISE OF THE F-LAYER AND ITS ROLE IN THE GENERATION OF ESF DURING HIGH AND LOW
SOLAR ACTIVITY PERIODS
T. R. Sudarsanam, R. R. V. S. Paluri, P. S. V. V. D. Dasari, N. Kandula, Dept. of Physics, Andhra University,
Visakhapatnam - 530003., Visakhapatnam, India
This paper presents a linear relationship that exists between the combined parameter F(IEEJ, avgKp) involving the integrated
equatorial electrojet (IEEJ) strength and average Kp-index prior to the local sunset with the post-sunset peak-hF. It has found that
the threshold hF at the equator for the development of plasma bubbles is reduced from 405km to 317km as the solar activity
decreases from March-2001 to March-2005. This decrease in threshold height with the decreasing solar activity is explained on the
basis of changes in the linear growth rate of collisional Rayleigh-Taylor instability.
GP1-03.14 ON THE CHARACTERISTICS BEHAVIOUR OF THE VHF AND GPS L-BAND SCINTILLATIONS IN THE INDIAN
EQUATORIAL SECTORS AND THEIR POSSIBLE IMPACT ON THE SATELLITE BASED NAVIGATION SYSTEMS
P. V. S. Rama Rao, S. Gopi Krishna, S. Tulasi Ram, D. S. V. V. D. Prasad, K. Niranjan, Department of Physics,
Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
The VHF and Lband scintillation studies over the Indian low latitude stations revealed that post sunset vertical drift of 30m/s and
20m/s during high and low solar activity periods, respectively, are necessary for generating ESF. Long term TEC data over Indian
region revealed that the EIA crest lies in the geographic latitude zone of 15-25N. The location and amplitude of the EIA crest is
found to be linearly related to integrated EEJ strength. The Lband S4-index exceeding 0.45 often produces loss-of-lock in the GPS
receiver signal temporarily disrupting the GPS based navigation systems
GP1-03.15 CHARACTERISTICS OF SPORADIC-E IRREGULARITIES USING DAYTIME SCINTILLATIONS AT LOW LATITUDE
STATION VARANASI
A. K. Singh, R. P. Patel, K. --- Patel, R. P. Singh, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India
The VHF amplitude scintillations recorded during the daytime period from January 1991 to December 1999 at low latitude station
Varanasi have been analyzed to study the characteristics of ionospheric irregularities during the active solar and magnetic periods.
It is shown that daytime scintillation occurrence is linked with high critical frequency of the sporadic-E irregularities. The autocorrelation functions, power spectral densities, half de-correlation times are computed to study the temporal features of sporadic-E
irregularities. Derived spectral index ranges between 2 and 9. The results are discussed with other recent results.
GP1-03.16 LATITUDINAL EXTENT OF EQUATORIAL PLASMA BUBBLES AND L-BAND SCINTILLATIONS IN THE INDIAN
REGION
1
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1 1
S. V. Thampi , S. Ravindran , T. K. Pant , K. N. Iyer , A. K. Patra , R. Sridharan ; Space Physics Laboratory, Kerala,
2
3
India; Sourashtra University, Rajkot, India; National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki, India
This paper provides the first radio tomographic images of equatorial F-region during ESF events, whichshow the signatures of
equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs). Apart from this, a network of GPS stations in the Indian region is used to observe the TEC
depletions and associated L-band scintillations. It is seen that there is significant variability in their latitudinal extent. This information
is used to infer the altitudinal extent of irregularities over equator. The radar maps obtained from Gadanki (13.5N, 79.2E) as well as
theoretical simulations are also used to understand the altitudinal extent of these irregularities.
256
GP1-03.17 ATMOSPHERE IONOSPHERE COUPLING OVER THE DIP EQUATOR: - IMPLICATIONS ON THE EQUATORIAL
ELECTROJET IRREGULARITIES
C. Vineeth, T. K. Pant, S. V. Thampi, R. Sridharan, space physics laboratory, Trivandrum,Kerala, India
Simultaneous presence of a quasi 16-day planetary wave (PW) in daytime mesopause temperature (MT) and in phase-velocity of
Type-I electrojet irregularities over Trivandrum (8.5oN) is presented. The phase-velocities of the irregularities were found not only
exhibiting ~ 8 and quasi 16-day PWmodulations, but also exceeding the isothermal ion-acoustic threshold i.e. ~360m/s. The
presence of this wave in the E-region is proposed be due to the temperature modulations, which cause composition changes in the
mesopause and equatorial electrojet region manifest as changes in the phase velocity through fluctuations in ion-neutral collisions.
GP1-03.18 EVOLUTION OF ESF IRREGULARITIES DURING MAGNETICALLY QUIET AND DISTURBED PERIODS
B. A. Kakad, Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, New Panvel, India, Panvel, India
In the present study evolution of spatial scales associated with ESF irregularities, (i) generated from usual post sunset R-T instability
on quiet days and (ii) generated freshly as a result of magnetic activity is investigated using scintillation data recorded by spaced
receivers at a dip equatorial station, Tirunelveli (dip 0.40), for a 251 MHz signal transmitted from a geostationary satellite UFO2. It is
found that, quiet time behaviour of spatial structures associated with ESF irregularities shows seasonal dependence. However,
disturbed time evolution and structuring of ESF irregularities is different from their quiet time evolution.
GP1-03.19 STUDY OF EQUATORIAL SPREAD F IRREGULARITIES USING GPS RECEIVER AND MST RADAR LOCATED AT
GADANKI, INDIA
M. S. Bagiya, H. P. Joshi, K. N. Iyer, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujrat, India
An attempt has been made to study the scintillation which appears to be due to the Equatorial Spread F irregularities. The GPS
receiver and VHF radar are simultaneously operated at Gadanki(13.48N 79.18E), India for ten days during equinoctial months since
2005 to till date. We have observed that during current extreme low solar activity period also spread-f irregularities are seen for
three continuous days out of ten days. Large variability in their occurrence and intensity on short period and day to day basis. In
most of the cases scintillation was observed for the pre midnight event.
GP1-03.20 LEONID METEOR SHOWER PARAMETERS INFERRED THROUGH SATELLITE SCINTILLATIONS AT DELHI
P. N. Vijayakumar, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
Fleetsat (730 E ) VHF signal (250 MHz) scintillations are observed and recorded digitally at Delhi (28.50 N; 77.20 E ), during the
early morning hours on 18 Nov. 1998, associated with Leonid meteor showers. The overdense-meteor trails when critically aligned
with satellite ray path give rise to refractive scattering of the satellite signal, producing large amplitude excursions (glints) in the
scintillation data that are also related to the meteor density. These are extracted from the digital data using the standard 8th-order
Butterworth digital filter. Also, knowing the drift parameter, meteor diffusion is inferred in the analyses.
GP1-03.21 SCINTILLATION STUDY FROM STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY OF EQUATORIAL DENSITY IRREGULARITIES
1
2
1 1
2
Y. H. Liu , C. H. Liu , S. S-Y. Su ; National Central University, Chung-Li, China (SRS); Academia Sinica, Taipei,
China (SRS)
32-Hz ion density data measured by ROCSAT-1 from 1999 to 2003 at the 600-km low-latitude ionosphere have been used to study
the longitudinal/seasonal (l/s) variation of irregularity spectrum and fluctuation strength. First, the local-time (LT) variations of l/s
distribution of irregularity spectral indices are obtained. Then the peak density at the 400-km altitude is obtained using the IRI model
data scaled to the observed ROCSAT data. Following the method of Wernik et al. [2007], the turbulence parameter Cs is thus
obtained to study the scintillation morphology with the phase-screen model.
GP1-03.22 SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF ZONAL FLOW REVERSAL IN THE EVENING IONOSPHERE RELATING TO LOCALTIME DISTRIBUTION OF IRREGULARITY OCCURRENCES
S.-Y. Su, C. K. Chao, National Central University, Chung-Li, China (SRS); C. H. Liu, Academia Sinica, Taipei, China
(SRS)
Local-time (LT) distribution of topside equatorial density irregularity occurrences has been studied with the ROCSAT-1 data from
1999 to 2004. Seasonal variation of this local-time distribution indicates one distribution peaks at 21-22 LT then decreases toward
later hours during the March and September equinoxes and the December solstice, and the other peaks one hour later at 22-23 hr
LT during the June solstice. The cause is attributed to the instability triggering time from the wave structures created in the evening
plasma vortex that occurred after the reversal of zonal flow in the evening ionosphere.
GP1-03.23 EVOLUTION / SUPPRESSION PARAMETERS OF EQUATORIAL POSTSUNSET PLASMA INSTABILITY
O. S. Oyekola, C. O. Oluwafemi, Convenent Univerisity, Cannanland, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
Vertical ion drift (VZP) and the peak hmF2 (hmF2P) of the postsunset equatorial F-layer were deduced from ionosonde observations
made at Ouagadougou (3oN dip latitude) between January 1987 and December 1990 for solar activity minimum, medium, and
maxima, respectively) for undisturbed conditions. Our observations show strong variations with solar variability. Correlation
coefficient value between (hmF2P) versus VZP decreases appreciably with increasing solar flux value. There seem to be no
significant link between these parameters under high solar activity. We demonstrate that meridional wind contributes substantially to
the variations of the VZP and hmF2P during dusk high solar flux conditions
257
GP1-03.24 GPS IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATIONS MEASURED IN VIETNAM
A. Bourdillon, Institut Electronique et Telecommunications de Rennes, Rennes, France; M. Le Huy, Institut de
Geophysiques, Hanoi, Vietnam; L. Hoang Thai, Ho Chi Minh City Institute of Physics, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Amplitude and phase scintillations have been measured at equatorial latitudes in Vietnam since 2005 using the signal transmitted by
the GPS satellites. This paper presents results obtained during this period of low solar activity. Two GSV4004 stations have been
installed, one in Hue (16,46N, 107,59E) and the second one in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) (10,83N, 106.55E). Processed data were
recorded continuously with a 1 minute time resolution. S4 index and phase standard deviation (sigma phi) are the parameters used
to characterize the scintillations.
GP1-03.25 THE OBSERVATIONS OF NIGHTTIME PLASMA BLOB AND TOTAL ELECTRON CONTENT ENHANCEMENT AT
LOW-LATITUDE REGION
1
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1 1
Y. Chen , G. Ma , J. Gong , W. Huang ; Center for Space Science and Applied Research, Chinese Academy of
2
Sciences., Beijing, China (CIE); The National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,
China (CIE)
The first concurrently observation of a DMSP plasma density enhancement and a TEC enhancement was reported, which occurred
simultaneously at the magnetic latitude of 20oS (27.8 oS, 252oE) on 6 March 2004. The observational results indicate that this kind
of TEC or plasma density enhancements are located at about 10o~20o magnetic latitude region in south and north hemisphere.
However, the observation on 11 April 2002 indicates that the plasma blob can also occur at the topside ionosphere at the magnetic
equator while only the TEC depletions observed at the corresponding IGS receiver.
GP1-03.26 MID-LATITUDE IRREGULARITIES OBSERVED THROUGH MORNING DURING THE MAGNETIC STORM ON 19
MARCH 2001
J. Li, G. Ma, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (CIE)
Ionospheric irregularities extending into morning were detected by GPS Earth Observation Network (GEONET) of Japan during the
recovery phase of a magnetic storm started on 19 March 2001. Meanwhile spread F was observed from post-midnight through
morning with the meridional ionosonde chain. They were seen as plasma bubbles by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program
(DMSP). The plasma bubble reached 45N in latitude (magnetic latitude 40.2N) and sustained until ~1000 LT in the morning. Midlatitude irregularities extending into daytime were reported for the first time.
GP1-03.27 IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION STUDY OF THE LOW LATITUDE AREA IN CHINA
W. Zhen, J. Feng, Z. Deng, D. Liu, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao, China (CIE)
Ionospheric scintillations occur most often in the equatorial region. The south of China is one of the areas where scintillation
happens frequently. A network has been established by CRIRP (China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation) to monitor
ionospheric scintillation at UHF and L bands in low-latitude region of China. A database has been set up. Some statistic features of
scintillations have been obtained. Moreover, we have calculated the drifting velocity of the irregularities using the cross-correlation
method. Based on these important results, a first ionospheric scintillation now-casting model and preliminary forecasting methods
have been studied.
GP1-03.28 GPS IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATIONS MONITORING AND STUDYING: BIPOLAR CAPABILITIES DURING IPY
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L. Alfonsi , A. W. Wernik , M. Aquino , C. N. Mitchell , G. De Franceschi , V. Romano ; Istituto Nazionale di
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3
Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy; Space Research Center-PAS, Warsaw, Poland; University of Nottingham,
4
Nottingham, UK; University of Bath, Bath, UK
Several European Institutions manage ionospheric scintillation monitors of the same type: GISTM (GPS Ionospheric Scintillation and
TEC Monitor). Such instruments can provide scintillation indices and 50 Hz raw data, being of interest for space weather and for
scientific purposes. The receivers have been installed at high latitudes of both the hemispheres starting from 2001 providing
information on the origin, evolution and dynamics of the ionospheric irregularities. These data, together with the use of ionospheric
imaging by MIDAS (Multi-Instrument Data Analysis System) and with models of ionospheric convection, can reveal important
features of the irregularities causing scintillations at high latitude.
GP1-03.30 IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION MONITORING IN THE ANTARCTIC AND SOUTH ATLANTIC
P. J. Cilliers, Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, Western Cape, South Africa; L.-A. McKinnell, Rhodes University,
Eastern Cape, South Africa
In support of Southern Hemisphere polar space weather studies during IPY/IHY, the South African-based Hermanus Magnetic
Observatory (HMO) started scintillation measurements by means of dual frequency GSV4004B Ionospheric Scintillation Monitors in
Antarctica (SANAE-IV, 2.87W, 71.67S) and on Marion Island (37.86E, 46.87S) respectively in December 2006 and May 2007. The
correlation between high latitude ionospheric scintillation and geomagnetic events is investigated by examination of ionospheric
scintillation indices during the most severe magnetic field variations during this campaign. First results of S4 and phase sigma
during events with Kp>4 are presented.
258
GP1-03.31 POLAR PATCHES: THE SEASONAL AND UNIVERSAL TIME DEPENDENCE OF OCCURRENCE
P. Prikryl, Communications Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada; J. W. MacDougall, University of Western Ontario,
London, ON, Canada; J.-P. St.-Maurice, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; T. R. Pedersen, Air
Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom, MA, U.S.A.
Polar patches of enhanced ionospheric density have been routinely observed by the Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosondes located
in Resolute Bay and Eureka. The HF radar in Rankin Inlet, a PolarDARN component of SuperDARN, monitors the polar ionosphere
including the backscatter from irregularities produced by polar patches. Other radars observe the cusp footprint where patches
originate. A study of the seasonal and UT dependencies, and the source region, should help in resolving the uncertainties regarding
the dominant mechanism of patch formation. Patches are a primary source of irregularities responsible for polar cap scintillation that
affects navigation and communication systems.
GP1-03.32 INVESTIGATION OF DISCRETE COSMIC SOURCE SCINTILLATIONS USING AN IMAGING RIOMETER
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V. G. Bezrodny , O. V. Charkina , V. G. Galushko , K. Groves , A. S. Kashcheyev , B. Watkins ,
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Y. M. Yampolski ; Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkov, Ukraine; Air
3
ForceResearch Laboratory, Hanscom, USA; Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, USA
A possibility is shown of continuously monitoring irregular structure of the upper ionosphere through observations of discrete cosmic
source (DCS) scintillations by an imaging riometer. The observations were performed at 38.2 MHz with the 256-beam antenna array
of the imaging riometer at Poker Flat Alaska, USA. The emissions from Cassiopeia A, Cygnus A, Taurus A and Virgo A were used
as diagnostic signals. The spectra of their intensity scintillations were analyzed. The spatial spectrum and transverse motion
velocities of natural Fresnel-size inhomogeneities have been reconstructed. Results on DCS scintillations owing to heater-stimulated
ionospheric irregularities are discussed.
GP1-03.33 GPS SCINTILLATION OVER SPITSBERGEN DURING SOLAR MINIMUM PERIOD
A. W. Wernik, M. Pożoga, M. Grzesiak, Space Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Amplitude and phase scintillations of GPS signals are recorded at the Polish Polar Station at Hornsund, Spitsbergen. The location of
the Station enable us to study scintillation in the auroral zone as well as in the dayside cusp and, partly, the polar cap region. The
scintillation index S4, phase standard deviation, and TEC are used to study morphology of scintillation. The spaced receiver
analysis of raw data is used to estimate the diffraction pattern drift and anisotropy. Preliminary results indicate a strong variability of
the drift velocity and its dependence on the irregularities scale-size.
259
ASSIMILATION AND IMAGING OF THE IONOSPHERE AND PLASMASPHERE (P)
Session Chairs: G Bust, Michael Rietveld, T Maruyama, Norbert Jakowski, M Codrescu
Session
GP1-04
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
GP1-04.1 ESTIMATION OF NEUTRAL WINDS FROM 4D IONOSPHERIC IMAGING
G. S. Bust, S. Datta-Barua, G. Crowley, N. Curtis, ASTRA, San Antonio, TX, United States
Ionospheric imaging is the result of 3D, time-evolving tomographic inversion to obtain electron densities over some extended
spatial-temporal region. Imaging estimates of electron density are used to investigate the physical mechanisms behind the imaged
density distributions. We present results from an investigation of the November 2004 magnetic storm. We focus on equatorial
latitudes in the South American sector, and use imaging results to estimate the field-aligned component of the neutral winds in the
equatorial region. The resulting estimates of neutral winds will be compared to TIMEGCM simulation results, Hedin Wind Model
predictions, and experimental data when available.
GP1-04.2 VARIABILITY OF THE EQUATORIAL ELECTRODYNAMICS AND ITS MANIFESTATIONS IN THE EVOLUTION OF
EQUATORIAL IONIZATION ANOMALY (EIA) IN THE INDIAN REGION
1
1
1
1
2
3
1 1
S. V. Thampi , S. Ravindran , T. K. Pant , L. Jose , M. R. Sivaraman , R. S. Dabas , R. Sridharan ; Space Physics
2
3
Laboratory, Trivandrum, India; Space Application Centre, Ahmedabad, India; National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi,
India
Equatorial and low-latitude Ionosphere system (EITS), is replete with many large-scale processes like EEJ and Anomaly EIA. The
present investigation is aimed at quantifying their variability using profiles of TEC obtained using a network of GPS stations, and the
CRABEX network along the 77-78E meridian (January2005-May2006), along with ionograms from Trivandrum, and Delhi along with
tomographic images. The observed variability in EIA is related to that in the EEJ strength, which in turn is a proxy for the electric
field. The results are significant in the context of developing a suitable model for this region.
GP1-04.3 IMAGING THE TOPSIDE IONOSPHERE AND PLASMASPHERE
E. Yizengaw, M. B. Moldwin, UCLA, Los Angeles, United States
The inner-magnetospheric density structure can be monitored using a combination of techniques, using both ground- and spacebased instruments. Although the number of LEO satellites that are equipped with upward looking GPS antenna is increasing, very
limited progress has been made in tomographic imaging of the topside ionosphere and plasmasphere. We present the tomographic
images of the topside ionosphere and plasmasphere using data from the GPS receivers onboard. This allows us to clearly quantify
MI coupling dynamics. The tomographic image of the ionosphere and plasmasphere also provides new ability to image the flux tube
structure of ionospheric ion outflows.
GP1-04.4 DIRECT DETERMINATION OF ELECTRON DENSITY PROFILES FROM GNSS OCCULTATION DATA
A. Aragon-Angel, M. Hernandez-Pajares, M. Juan Zornoza, J. Sanz Subirana, P. Ramos-Bosch, Technical
University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
Ionosphere monitoring by means of RO retrievals from GPS radiosignals tracked by LEO satellites has become a useful tool to
improve the knowledge of vertical electron density distributions. The spherical symmetry assumption in the classical Abel transform
can be overcome with separability implying that the electron density can be expressed by a combination of VTEC and a shape
function. Here, the separability approach has been applied to measured L1 bending angles instead of LI observable as previously
reported. COSMIC/FORMOSAT3 data have been processed both with classical Abel inversion and separability approach, and
evaluated versus collocated ionosonde data.
GP1-04.5 OCCURRENCE OF SUMMER STORM OVER EUROPE IN GPS TEC MEASUREMENTS
I. I. Shagimuratov, G. A. Yakimova, I. V. Karpov, West Department of IZMIRAN, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
In report are presented features of geomagnetic storm development in TEC variations during July 22-28, 2004. Long-lasting strong
negative effect was prevailed. Short duration positive perturbations against TEC depression were found in considered period. The
effect was more pronounced at low middle latitudes. This perturbation penetrated from north and at middle latitudes took shape like
standing structure. The standing wave can be superposition of Poincare waves propagating in different directions along longitudes.
Another feature of storm was occurrence of trough-like structure found near 55N at evening and night time. It was rather atypical
during summer conditions.
260
GP1-04.6 UV IMAGE DATA COMPARED TO IONOSPHERE MODEL BASED SIMULATIONS
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
R. K. Schaefer , R. DeMajistre , H. Kil , D. C. Thompson , L. Scherliess , L. J. Paxton , D. C. Smith ,
3 1
2
P. Dandenault ; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States; Utah State
3
University, Logan, UT, United States; Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States
Several Earth observing spacecraft incorporate UV instruments to record the Ionosphere-Thermosphere state. One goal is to exploit
these data for global Space Weather forecasting. Currently, the Utah State University (USU) GAIM model can assimilate these and
other data types to update its electron distribution information for this purpose. Using a forward model of UV observations and an
electron density model fed with GPS and ionosonde data, we independently simulate UV 135.6nm radiances and compare them to
actual observations and draw some general conclusions.
GP1-04.7 GENETIC ALGORITHM TUNED CONSTANT GAIN KALMAN FILTER APPROACH FOR ESTIMATION OF
IONOSPHERIC TEC AND DIFFERENTIAL INSTRUMENTAL BIASES USING DUAL FREQUECNCY GPS
OBSERVATIONS
1
2
2
1 1
R. Anandraj , M. R. Ananthasayanam , P. R. Mahapatra , P. Soma ; ISTRAC / ISRO, Bangalore, Karnataka, India;
2
Indian Institude of Scientce, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
The Genetic Algorithms (GA) can be considered as a stochastic optimization technique where the search methods model natural
phenomena of genetic inheritance and Darwinian strife for survival and natural evolution. These are search algorithms based on the
mechanics of natural selection as in genetics. They combine the survival of the fittest with a structured yet randomized information
exchange to form a search algorithm. The present work deals with the formulation of a constant gain Kalman filter using GA for the
estimation of ionosspheric TEC and diffential instrumental biases using dual frequency GPS observatiions over indian region.
261
MODIFICATION OF THE IONOSPHERE AND MAGNETOSPHERE (P)
Session Chairs: Keith Groves, Michael Rietveld, T Maruyama, M Kosch, O A. Molchanov, Y Ruzhin
Session
GP1-GHE
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
GP1-GHE.1
SPATIAL FEATURES OF DOPPLER SPECTRA FROM HF HEATERS
1
2
1
3
3
1
V. G. Galushko , K. Groves , A. V. Koloskov , V. V. Paznukhov , B. W. Reinisch , Y. M. Yampolski ,
1 1
2
A. V. Zalizovsky ; Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkov, Ukraine; Air
3
Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, Hanscom, USA; Center for Atmospheric Research, University of
Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, USA
Analysis of propagation effects in signals from HF heaters in Norway, Russia and the USA is presented. The signals were monitored
at sites in the USA, Europe, Arctic and Antarctic using Doppler receivers and UMLCAR Digisondes. The Doppler spectra
demonstrate two different components characterized as mirror-reflected and self-scattered. Variations in the intensity and Doppler
frequency shift of the self-scattered radiation show a high level of correlation at greatly separated sites, suggesting that all the
propagation paths have a common region which is responsible for the effect. Two physical mechanisms for producing the Doppler
shift variations are suggested.
GP1-GHE.2
IONOSPHERIC SIGNATURES OF GAMMA RAY BURSTS
1
1,2
1
3 1
S. Bremner , A. B. Collier , A. R. Hughes , J. Lichtenberger ; University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, Kwa-Zulu
2
3
Natal, South Africa; Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, Hermanus, Western Cape, South Africa; Eotvos University,
Budapest, Hungary
Gamma Ray Bursts are bright flashes of energetic photons lasting from a few seconds to tens of minutes. They are caused by
violent astronomical events. An increase in incident gamma-ray flux results in enhanced ionisation of Earths lower ionosphere,
manifested as a perturbation in amplitude and phase of VLF navigation transmitter signals. Data from Antarctica and Hungary were
compared with records of GRBs to identify events which resulted in appreciable ionospheric disturbances. Events were classified
according to the severity of ionospheric effects. The configurations of signal great circle paths and GRBs resulting in the largest
disturbances were determined.
GP1-GHE.3
2-D MODELING OF IRREGULARITYS FORMATION IN THE HF HEATING OF THE IONOSPHERE
F. Deng, Z. Zhao, Wuhan University, Wuhan,Hubei, China (CIE)
2-D modeling of HF heating is set up in this article, We get following conclusion: first, when the ERP is 100MW, in the center of
pump's reflect height, electron density deplete by 10%, compared to the increase by about 6% at the upwards and downwards sides
along the magnetic field, smaller then the temperatures 100% increasing. The field-aligned structure of electron density and
temperature is obvious. Second, the simulative result of HF heating in the afternoon shows that temperature and electron density
cant reach equilibrium with the sustained heating because of its special spatial distribution of temperature.
GP1-GHE.4
STUDY ON THE SPECIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC FIELD OF THE PUMP WAVE IN THE
IONOSPHERIC MODIFICATION
Z. Zhao, F. Deng, Wuhan University, Wuhan,Hubei, China (CIE)
Purpose of this article is to calculate the accurate distribution of electric-field intensity of pump wave in the ionospheric modification,
preparing for the much more accurate simulation of ionospheric modification. The conclusion is as follow: first, the proportions of
pump electric-field intensity under the reflection point is 1.00：0.64：0.07 in magnetic equator, middle and high latitude area.
Second, in the center of the heated area, the electric-field intensity is near 3E-5V/m. Third, electric-field intensity waves along
latitude and longitude direction even along z-direction near the reflect point.
GP1-GHE.5
EXCITATION OF HYDROXYL EMISSIONS BY HIGH-POWER RADIOWAVES
L. M. Kagan, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
A red hydroxyl artificial aurora was observed in August 2004 at the Sura facility (56.13N, 46.10 E) during radiowave transmissions
after local midnight. Its maximum intensity reached 40-50 R. The only chemical reaction producing OH in the 9th vibrational level is
the exothermal reaction of ozone destruction by hydrogen. We show that the mesosphere was naturally preconditioned, since
around the same time we observed a natural bore wave (a solitary tidal wave propagating below 100 km). We discuss the
mesosphere conditions and a possible scenario for vibrational excitation of OH*(9,3) by high-power radiowaves.
262
GP1-GHE.6
THEORETICAL MODEL OF HYDRODYNAMIC AND ELECTROMAGNETIC DISTURBANCES CAUSED BY
EXPLOSIONS IN THE IONOSPHERE
I. Y. Sergeev, Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of
Sciences (IZMIRAN), Troitsk, Moscow reg., Russian Federation
A new analytical solution of the snowplow model of explosion in rarefied gas has been obtained. This solution has been compared
with Stuart's and Holway's numerical models and experimental data obtained by SPOLOH experiments. The comparison shows the
solution corresponds to these models with good accuracy and allows calculate the main hydrodynamic characteristics. Calculations
based on these characteristics show the electromagnetic disturbance of explosion propagates mainly along magnetic field. Such
result agrees with the data obtained by experiments TOR, Trigger and Ariel. Presented model allows calculating hydrodynamic and
electromagnetic disturbances caused by active impacts and rocket engines disasters.
GP1-GHE.7
FIRST INCOHERENT SCATTER RADAR OBSERVATIONS OF RADIO WAVE PUMPING IN THE
IONOSPHERE AROUND THE SECOND ELECTRON GYROHARMONIC
1
2
3
4
5
6
5
7
M. J. Kosch , B. Bristow , B. Gustvasson , C. Heinselman , J. Hughes , B. Isham , C. Mutiso , K. Nielsen ,
8
9
7
7 1
2
T. Pedersen , M. T. Rietveld , W. Wang , A. Wong ; Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom; University of
3
4
Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA; University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway; Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park,
5
6
California, USA; Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, Florida, USA; Interamerican University,
7
8
Bayamn, Puerto Rico, USA; HIPAS Observatory, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA; Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom,
9
MA, USA; EISCAT Scientific Association, Ramfjordbotn, Norway
We report results from a unique experiment performed at the HIPAS ionospheric modification facility in Alaska. High power radio
waves at 2.85 MHz, which corresponds to the second electron gyroharmonic at ~240 km altitude, were transmitted into the nighttime
ionosphere. Kodiak radar backscatter, which is a proxy for upper-hybrid resonance, shows strong production of striations without a
minimum on the second gyroharmonic. PFISR analysis shows clear evidence of electron temperature enhancements, maximizing
when the pump frequency matches the second gyroharmonic and when double resonance occurs, i.e. the upper-hybrid resonance
frequency matches the second gyroharmonic.
GP1-GHE.8
CASCADE OF LANGMUIR WAVES IN HAARP HEATING EXPERIMENTS
1
2,3 1
2
S. P. Kuo , M. C. Lee ; Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, NY, United States; Boston University, Boston, MA, United
3
States; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
The feasibility of cascading Langmuir waves via lower hybrid decay modes in HAARP heating experiments is studied. This
parametric instability process cascades Langmuir waves in a narrow layer located slightly below the O-mode HF reflection height, to
produce a broad spectrum of high-frequency heating wave enhanced plasma lines (HFPLs).
GP1-GHE.9
THE SPIKES-PHENOMENON SIMULATION IN ARTIFICIALLY DISTURBED IONOSPHERE
A. V. Kochetov, Institute of Applied Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian
Federation; G. I. Terina, Radiophysical Research Institute, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
Results of the numerical modelling of spikes-phenomenon (the quasi-periodic oscillations of heating and probing radio wave
amplitude) for reflected powerful emission from ionosphere are presented. Numerical solutions of the non-linear Schrodinger
equation with driven extension were carried out in plasma with unperturbed linear density profile for the different frequency shift
between heating radio wave and probing one. The time evolution of the amplitude of reflected heating and probing waves and field
structures at reflection point were calculated. They allowed us to interpret qualitatively the origin of spikes. The work was supported
by RFBR grant 06-02-17334.
GP1-GHE.10
DYNAMICS OF SELF-CONSISTENT POWERFUL RADIO-WAVE ABSORPTION BY AN ARTIFICIAL
IONOSPHERE TURBULENCE
A. V. Kochetov, Institute of Applied Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian
Federation; U. E. Men'kova, S. M. Grach, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian FederationR
The numerical simulations of self-consistent absorption of powerful radio emission due to plasma turbulence excitation in the vicinity
of the reflection point of inhomogeneous plasma are carried out in the frameworks of nonlinear Schrödinger equation with pumping
and damping. The calculated reflection index dynamics agrees qualitatively to the experiments (B. Thide, E.N. Sergeev, S.M. Grach,
T. Layser, T.D. Carrozi, Competition between Langmuir and upper hybrid turbulence in an HF pumped ionosphere, Phys. Rev. Lett.,
2005, vol.95, no.25, p.255002). The work was supported in part by RFBR grant 06-02-17334.
GP1-GHE.11
DOPPLER BROADENING OF ELECTRON CYCLOTRON WAVES IN THE IONOSPHERE
G. James, --Communications Research Centre Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Electron-cyclotron waves (ECWs) were transmitted over emitter-receiver separations of ~100m in the rocket experiment OEDIPUSC. Propagation effects imposed considerable variety on the received ECW pulse shapes. Hot-plasma theoretical signal delays agree
with observations for some frequencies in the ECW propagation band. But the observed pulse spectra extend over a range of
several kilohertz above and below the gyrofrequency harmonic, a much broader bandwidth than theoretically predicted. This
broadening is interpreted as a Doppler effect caused by payload motion and backscatter of the ECWs, by pre-existing field-aligned
density irregularities and/or by induced waves.
263
GP1-GHE.12
THE PARAMETRIC INSTABILITY IN CHEMICALLY REACTING PLASMA
J. Wu, J. Wu, Q. H. Che, Q. Li, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Beijing, China (CIE)
Based on the hydrodynamic equations, the wave equations for the electron plasma wave and ion acoustic wave were derived by
considering the chemical production and loss reactions, the threshold and the growth rate for the parametric instability were
obtained. Furthermore, a method for getting the ponderomotive force was presented. The results show that no effect of the
production reaction is on the parametric instability. The effect of the loss reaction on the parametric instability is, however, a
damping. Also, due to the loss reaction, a higher threshold is needed to excite the parametric instability, and the growth rate will
diminish.
GP1-GHE.13
THE HAARP TELESCOPIC IMAGING SYSTEM
E. Kendall, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States
Images of small-scale features in artificial airglow serve as a passive means of measuring ionospheric structure. It is important to
understand ionospheric structure for not only basic research purposes but also for applications such as improved satellite
communications. Telescopic observations of artificial airglow have been conducted at HAARP since 2000, first with a prototype
instrument deployed by Stanford University and then by the HAARP Telescopic Imaging System. An overview of this system's
current capabilities and key observations thus far will be presented.
GP1-GHE.14
GEOMETRIC MODULATION: A NEW, MORE EFFECTIVE METHOD OF STEERABLE ELF/VLF WAVE
GENERATION WITH CONTINUOUS HF HEATING OF THE LOWER IONOSPHERE
M. B. Cohen, U. S. Inan, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
VLF waves can be generated via amplitude modulated HF heating of the auroral electrojet, which turns a patch of ionospheric
currents into a radiating antenna. We introduce a new, more powerful technique, geometric modulation, involving scanning the HF
beam in a geometric pattern with no power modulation. Utilizing results obtained from the HAARP facility, we show that geometric
modulation enhances VLF wave generation by up to 7-11 dB, due to improved coupling to the Earth-ionosphere waveguide, and
better utilization of heating duty cycle. When beam motion is along an azimuth, an unprecedented VLF phased array is effectively
formed.
GP1-GHE.16
GENERATION OF ELF/VLF WAVES BY AN IONOSPHERIC HEATER AT THE GEOMAGNETIC EQUATOR
N. G. Lehtinen, U. S. Inan, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
The heating of the D-region by a ground-based facility creates change of conductivity, calculated by solving a kinetic equation for
electron distribution function, which causes modulation of the auroral electrojet. The resulting current is used to calculate the
emission of ELF/VLF waves into both the ionosphere and the Earth-ionosphere waveguide, using a new stable full-wave method for
a horizontally-stratified arbitrary anisotropic medium, with arbitrary harmonically-varying current distribution. Unlike heating at high
latitides with significant emission of whistlers, at geomagnetic equator radiation is only into the Earth-ionosphere waveguide.
GP1-GHE.17
SIMULATIONS OF IONOSPHERIC HEATING EXPERIMENTS WITH LOW-LATITUDE HF FACILITIES
P. A. Bernhardt, C. A. Selcher, J. D. Huba, Naval research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States
Low-latitude ionospheric heating facilities are proposed for the Arecibo Ionospheric Observatory in Puerto Rico and the Jicamarca
Radio Observation in Peru. A wide range of F-region experiments can be conducted with these low-latitude-heating (LLH) facilities
including (a) formation of conjugate patches of artificial aurora, (b) detection of the transit time for suprathermal electrons along
magnetic field lines, (c) launching of thermal pulses to the conjugate hemisphere, and (d) triggering of equatorial bubbles. The
conditions for low-latitude ionospheric modification are modeled with an electromagnetic code that propagates in the SAMI-3
physics based ionospheric model.
GP1-GHE.18
IONOSPHERIC DUCTS AND PLASMA WAVES INDUCED BY HF HEATER OVER GAKONA
1
1
1
1
1,2
3
4
J. A. Cohen , L. M. Burton , R. Pradipta , A. Labno , M.-C. Lee , S. P. Kuo , B. J. Watkins ,
4 1
2
S. Oyama ; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; Boston University, Boston, MA,
3
4
United States; Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, NY, United States; University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK,
United States
Ionospheric HF heating experiments were conducted at Gakona, Alaska to investigate (1) ionospheric ducts (viz., large plasma
sheets as parallel-plate waveguides) and (2) cascading spectra of Langmuir wave turbulence, excited by large- and short-scale
plasma instabilities, respectively. The first subject is inspired by our earlier Arecibo experiments [Lee et al., 1998] whereby sheet-like
ionospheric ducts were generated by HF heater waves and detected by Arecibo radar. The second one is aimed at testing our
theory Kuo and Lee [2005] that addresses how the cascade of Langmuir waves can distribute spatially via resonant and nonresonant decay processes.
264
GP1-GHE.19
NEW METHOD OF THE IONOSPHERIC DIAGNOSTICS USING ARTIFICIAL PERIODIC IRREGULARITIES
WITH DIFFERENT SPATIAL SCALES
V. V. Belikovich, N. V. Bakhmetieva, A. V. Tolmacheva, Radiophysical Research Institute, Niznhy Novgorod, Russian
Federation; M. T. Rietveld, EISCAT Scientific Association, Tromso, Norway
We present a new way of the determination of the electron density in the ionosphere E-region using the artificial periodic
irregularities (API) formed by the powerful radio waves. The measurements were carried out in October 2006 using the SURA
heating facility at the frequencies 4.7 and 5.6 MHz sequentially. In this case API with two different spatial scales are formed. The
height profile of the electron density was determined by the ratio of the API relaxation times at two frequencies. The method allows
studying a fine structure in the profile of the electron density.
GP1-GHE.20
3-BRAGG WAVELENGTH AND RF HEATING CAPABILITIES WITH THE NEW MST MORRO RADAR AND
EISCAT
C. La Hoz, O. Havnes, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway; M. Sarango, M SARANGO CT - Industrias Tecnolgicas,
Lima, Peru
The MORRO radar (56 MHz) is co-located with EISCAT's VHF, UHF and Heating Facility near Tromso in Northern Scandinavia. Its
location at the Troms EISCAT site offers the unique opportunity to probe the MST region and the lower middle atmosphere
simultaneously and co-located at three Bragg wavelengths (2.68, 0.67, 0.16 m). Besides, theco-located RF Heating Facility will
allow to investigate heater induced phenomena at the new MORRO Bragg scale. Of particular interest are Polar Mesospheric
Summer and Winter Echoes (PMSE, PMWE) that have shown a remarkable response to RF heating.
GP1-GHE.21
ARTIFICIAL PERIODIC IRREGULARITIES AND SPORADIC E-LAYERS
N. V. Bakhmetieva, V. V. Belikovich, Radiophysical Research Institute, Nizhniy Novgorod, Russian
Federation; L. M. Kagan, University of Western Ontario, London ON, Canada
Artificial periodic irregularities (API) formed in the antinodes of the high-power standing radio wave in the Earth's ionosphere were
used for studying E-region sporadic ionization (Es) over the Sura facility in July 2006. We discuss two new effects. The first is an
increase in amplitude of all ionospheric signals, often accompanied by Es splitting into two sub-layers. The second is a filtering
effect of sporadic layers, so that API scattered signals from the lower ionosphere (the D- and E-regions) and the F-region were
received at the X-mode and the O-mode polarizations respectively.
265
POSTER SESSION I COMMISSION H
Session Chair: Y. Omura
Session
HP1
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
HP1.1
2-DIMENSIONAL FDTD SIMULATIONS OF PLASMA WAVE PROPAGATIONS IN THE IONOSPHERE
T. Miyake, S. Yoshino, T. Okada, K. Ishisaka, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama, Japan
We developed a 2-dimensional FDTD simulation code which can treat wave propagations in magnetized plasma. FDTD simulations
can be performed with much less computer resources than those necessary for full-particle simulations. Since space plasma is
magnetized, it is necessary to incorporate the dielectric tensor with anisotropy and dispersibility, in order to calculate the
electromagnetic field in space plasma. In this study, we are performing a series of FDTD simulations with FAI model as the electron
density profiles in the ionosphere. We investigate effects of FAI on MF wave propagation characteristics in the ionospheric E region
via these simulations.
HP1.2
MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRIC FIELD AND LF/MF BAND RADIO WAVES IN THE IONOSPHERE BY S-520-23
SOUNDING ROCKET EXPERIMENTS
K. Ishisaka, Y. Ashihara, T. Miyake, T. Okada, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama, Japan; T. Ono,
Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; T. Abe, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Sagamihara,
Kanagawa, Japan; S. Watanabe, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
S-520-23 sounding rocket experiments are carried out at Uchinoura Space Center in 2007. The purpose of this experiment is the
investigation of the process of momentum transportation between the atmospheres and the plasma in the thermosphere during the
summer evening time at mid latitudes. The electric filed and LF/MF band receiver is loaded on this sounding rocket in order to
measure two components of electric field and LF/MF band radio waves by using 2 pair of probe antenna. We present the results of
electric field measurements and the propagation characteristics of LF/MF radio waves.
HP1.4
DEDUCING IONOSPHERIC CONDUCTIVITY FROM THE PROPERTIES OF THE SLOW-TAILS OF SFERICS
C. Le Cocq, A. Fraser-Smith, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
The slow-tails of sferics radiated by lightning strikes propagate in the lowest-order mode of the earth-ionospheric waveguide. The
shape of the slow-tail is determined by the distance of propagation, the height of reflection and the effective ionospheric conductivity.
Knowing the distance propagated and height of reflection we can deduce the conductivity by examining a recorded slow-tail.
Examples of the conductivities calculated by this method agree well with previously published values and allow us to approximate
the changes over time.
266
DYNAMICS OF THE PLASMASPHERE USING WAVE TECHNIQUES (P)
Session Chairs: Brian Fraser, Harri Laakso
Session
HP-01
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
HP-01.1
OBTAINING PLASMASPHERIC ELECTRON DENSITY PROFILES: A NEW WHISTLER INVERSION MODEL
J. Lichtenberger, C. Ferencz, O. E. Ferencz, D. Hamar, Eotvos University, Budapest, Hungary; P. Steinbach, MTAELTE, Budapest, Hungary; C. Rodger, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
A new model has been developed to obtain plasmaspheric electron densities and propagation paths deduced from measured
whistler data ('inversion'). It is based on UWB solution for whistlers and recent experimental density distribution models: 1. A
longitudinal whistler-wave propagation model 2. Empirical equatorial electron density model 3. Empirical electron-density
distributions along field lines based on Polar data 4. Dipole and IGRF approximation of Earth's magnetic field Beside that the model
is capable to provide equatorial electron densities at individual locations, analysis of multiple-path propagation whistlers yields
electron density profiles for the plasmasphere.
HP-01.2
POLAR IONOSPHERIC PENETRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF DOWN-GOING WHISTLER MODE WAVES BY
MULTIPOINT GROUND-BASED AND SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS
M. Ozaki, S. Yagitani, I. Nagano, Y. Hata, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; H. Yamagishi, N. Sato,
A. Kadokura, National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan
The polar ionospheric penetration characteristics of down-going VLF whistler mode waves are discussed. Natural VLF wave
observations were conducted at three ground-based unmanned stations around Japanese Syowa station in Antarctica, as well as by
Akebono satellite flying over it, during the entire of 2006. The propagation characteristics of the VLF whistler-mode waves coming
down from the magnetized ionosphere have rigorously been calculated by using full-wave analysis. From these observations and
theoretical calculations, the ionospheric exit point of auroral hiss emission is estimated and found to be clearly related with auroral
activity.
HP-01.3
CHANGES OF PLUME CHARACTERISTICS DURING SUBSTORMS
H. Laakso, A. Asnes, C. P. Escoubet, A. Masson, M. Taylor, ESA, Noordwijk, Netherlands
We investigate plasmaspheric plumes during disturbed intervals, using observations from the four Cluster satellites. The plume has
a higher plasma density and velocity than those in the surrounding environment. Within the plume the plasma flows fast noonward
while inward of the plume it flows tailward. The Cluster spacecraft cross the plume twice, separated by few hours, over both
hemispheres. Sometimes a substorm onset occurs between the crossings, increasing the magnetospheric convection which forces
the plume to move Earthward at speed of 1-30 km/s. In addition the plume becomes narrower and wave activity in the plume is
increased.
HP-01.4
A CLUSTER LOOK AT PLASMASPHERIC NOTCHES
A. Masson, M. G. G. T. Taylor, H. Laakso, P. Escoubet, European Space Agency, Noordwijk, Netherlands
Notches are one of the largest density features in the exterior boundary of the plasmasphere. They are characterized by deep
density depletions that extend mostly radially inward to L=2 or less and up to 3 hours MLT in size. Significant advances in our
understanding of this phenomenon have been achieved thanks to the IMAGE satellite and its extreme ultraviolet (EUV) imager.
However, interior notch densities often fall to the EUV noise level. Case studies of the four Cluster satellites flying through notches
will be presented, enabling in-situ density estimations and the study of whistler-mode waves amplification within.
HP-01.5
EFFECT OF KAPPA-LOSS CONE DISTRIBUTION ON THE EXCITATION OF LOW FREQUENCY WAVES IN THE
RING CURRENT REGION
A. P. Kakad, S. V. Singh, G. S. Lakhina, Indian Institute Of Geomagentism, New Panvel, Navi Mumbai, India
Energetic particles with anisotropic distribution are an important component of the storm time terrestrial ring current. These particles
could provide free energy for the excitation of waves in the ring current region. Excitation of low frequency waves in the ring current
region is studied in the presence of oxygen ions having kappa distribution parallel to magnetic field and losscone distribution
perpendicular to it. Dispersion relation for the waves propagating obliquely to the geomagnetic field is obtained. The results are
discussed to explain the occurrence of low-frequency electrostatic noise at the inner boundary of the ring current during magnetic
storm.
267
OBSERVATIONS OF WAVES AND COHERENT STRUCTURES IN SPACE PLASMAS (P)
Session Chairs: Ondrej Santolik, Jolene Pickett
Session
HP-02
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
HP-02.1
LOCALIZED ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES IN THE EARTH'S MAGNETOSPHERE CAUSED BY MAGNETOSPHEREIONOSPHERE INTERACTIONS AT HIGH LATITUDES
A. V. Streltsov, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
Results from a numerical modeling of small-scale, localized electromagnetic waves observed by Polar and Cluster satellites in the
high-latitude magnetosphere are presented. The study is based on a time-evolving, nonlinear model describing multi-scale
electrodynamics of the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupled system. The main hypothesis investigated in this study is that smallscale waves are generated by the interaction between large-scale magnetic field-aligned currents and the ionosphere. Simulations
show that this process indeed produces localized electromagnetic waves with parameters close to ones observed in the
magnetosphere when the background ionospheric conductivity is low.
HP-02.2
STRUCTURE OF ULF WAVES IN THE UPPER IONOSPHERE: OBSERVATIONS AND MODEL
V. A. Pilipenko, Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia; E. N. Fedorov, Institute of the Earth Physics, Moscow,
Russia; B. Heilig, Eotvos Lorand Geophysical Institute, Tihany, Hungary; M. J. Engebretson, Augsburg College,
Minneapolis MN, USA
Recent low-orbiting satellite observations revealed ULF wave structure in topside ionosphere. Pc3 waves were detected clearly in
compressional magnetic component at satellite and in H component on the ground. The following possibilities of ULF compressional
disturbance excitation in topside ionosphere are considered: (a) incident Alfven wave upon interaction with ionosphere generates
evanescent compressional mode; (b) transportation of ULF energy to the ionosphere predominantly occurs by fast mode. We
estimate quantitatively the expected relationship between Pc3 magnetic components above the ionosphere and on the ground
produced by different mechanisms. The modeling results are applied to interpretation of satellite/ground observations.
HP-02.3
SIGNATURES OF TRAVELING IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCE (TID) IN EQUATORIAL DAYTIME THERMOSPHERIC
O1D 630 NM AIRGLOW RESULTS FROM CAWSES INDIA CAMPAIGN
C. Vineeth, T. K. Pant, S. V. Thampi, V. Sreeja, L. Jose, G. Manju, S. Ravindran, R. Sridharan, space physics
laboratory, Trivandrum,Kerala, India
Unusual evening time depletions of the thermospheric dayglow (O1D 630 nm) over Trivandrum (8.5oN) during the CAWSES India
campaign (March April 2006) are presented. The depletion was observed in the entire distance covered by the photometer (~ 400
km on either side of the dip equator),. The tomographic reconstruction over the Indian sector indicated the presence of large-scale
TID of wavelength ~600 km, which explains simultaneous appearance of TID signature in entire distance covered by the photometer.
The electron density measured using CHAMP satellite corroborated the presence of TID over nearby longitudinal sectors. These
aspects are discussed in detail.
HP-02.4
CORRELATION BETWEEN RADAR OBSERVATIONS OF FIELD LINE RESONANCES AND DISCRETE
OSCILLATIONS IN THE SOLAR WIND USING MULTITAPER METHODS
J. A. E. Stephenson, D. A. D. M. Walker, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Three events where oscillations in the solar wind are correlated with Pc5 oscillations observed by SHARE, the SuperDARN radar at
Sanae Antarctica, are analyzed using multitaper methods. The existence of coherent oscillations in the solar wind preceding the
pulsations is significant at better than the 95% confidence level. Estimates of the coherence between oscillations ob-served at WIND
and ACE, 200RE apart are significant at the 95% level or better. There is strong correlation between the Antarctic radar and solar
wind observations. We conclude that on occasion coherent oscilla-tions in the solar wind can drive ULF pulsations.
HP-02.5
OBSERVATIONS OF WAVE ACTIVITY USING POKER FLAT INCOHERENT SCATTER RADAR
1
2
2
1 1
A. N. Bhatt , C. J. Heinselman , M. J. Nicolls , M. C. Kelley ; Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States;
2
SRI International, Menlo Park, California, United States
Incoherent scatter (IS) plasma line data taken over the period of 5 months using Poker Flat IS radar often show periodic fluctuations
in electron density. The period varies between a few minutes to 1 hour and the density variation is of the order of 10^8 /m^3. When
these fluctuations are present in the morning, they persist during the day maintaining semi-constant wave period. In this paper, we
attempt to describe these waves and explain the sourcing mechanism for them.
268
HP-02.6
STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS AND INTERMITTENCY IN IONOSPHERIC PLASMA TURBULENCE
L. Dyrud, Center for Remote Sensing, Fairfax, VA, USA; B. Krane, Norwegian Defense Research Establishment,
Kjeller, Norway; M. Oppenheim, University of Boston, Boston MA, USA; H. L. Pecseli, J. K. Trulsen, University of
Oslo, Oslo, Norway; A. W. Wernik, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Low-frequency electrostatic turbulence in ionospheric E-region is studied by numerical and experimental methods. Structure
functions for electrostatic potentials from two-dimensional numerical simulations demonstrate an inherently intermittent nature of low
level turbulence. As instrumented rockets cannot directly detect the one-point signal analyzed here, we also demonstrate that
standard potential difference measurements give significantly different results. The intermittency signatures become weaker when
proper probe configuration is implemented. Ionospheric rocket data give reasonably good agreement with simulation results,
demonstrating again that rocket data are unlikely to give an adequate representation of intermittent features of low-frequency
ionospheric plasma turbulence.
HP-02.7
MULTI-SCALES PLASMA INSTABILITIES INSIDE MAIN IONOSPHERIC TROUGH
1
2
3
2
4
5
6 1
H. Rothkaehl , P. Koperski , A. Krankowski , A. Kulak , M. Parrot , J.-J. Berthelier , J.-P. Lebreton ; Space
2
3
Research Center Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Jagiellonial University, Cracow, Poland; University of
4
5
Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland; LPCE/CNRS, Orleans, France; CETP/ Observatoire de Saint-Maur, Saint-Maur6
des-Fosss, France; RSSD/ESTEC/ESA, Nordwijk, The Netherlands
The mid-latitude electron density trough has been shown to be the near-Earth signature of the plasmapause and can provide useful
information about the magnetosphere-ionosphere dynamics and morphology. We will present fine structures and dynamic of
ionospheric trough and we will discuss the different type of instability generated inside the trough region from ULF to HF frequency.
For these purposes, the high resolution wave and particle data gathered by DEMETER satellite and ground-based ULF
measurements in Hylaty station(south part of Poland), and global map of TEC parameters were used.
HP-02.8
RADIO WAVES DIAGNOSTICS OF NEAR EARTH ENVIRONMENT STATE OF ART AND PERSPECTIVES
H. Rothkaehl, Space Research Center Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; B. Thide, J. Bergman, Swedish
Institute of Space Physics, P.O. Box 537, SE-752 21, Uppsala, Sweden
Electromagnetic emissions observed in space plasma are a superposition of natural emissions and various types of man-made and
catastrophic events noises. Such complex and dynamic system calls for a long term multi-point and multi-scales coordinated
monitoring. The presentation will give the overview of selected ionospheric turbulent plasma processes. We will show what we have
learned about limitation of radio waves diagnostics and we will present the new possibility for space plasma diagnostics; as in situ
multi-point wave measurements combined with ground-based multi-frequency and multi-polarisation netted radio and radar facilities
LOIS registrations
HP-02.9
AKR BEAMING SEEN FROM THE INTERBALL-2 SPACECRAFT
1
2
1
3
3 1
R. Schreiber , M. Panchenko , J. Hanasz , R. Mutel , I. Christopher ; Space Research Centre, Polish Academy of
2
3
Sciences, Toruń, Poland; Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria; Dept. Physics and
Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
Direction finding capabilities of Interball-2/Polrad triaxial polarimeter were used to determine positions of AKR sources on the auroral
oval and with respect to the spacecraft location. Using the visibility map concept we present cases of AKR beams consistent with
the propagation along the longitudinal dimension of the AKR source cavity, as it was recently reported for Cluster mission. Results
are similar although Polrad measurements were averaged over the periods of the order of minutes embracing radiation of many
elementary sources. Using these findings we discuss low frequency cutoffs and frequency-dependent structures in the AKR
dynamic spectra.
HP-02.10
WAVE GROWTH ANALYSIS OF KRONIAN NARROWBAND RADIO EMISSIONS
S. Ye, J. D. Menietti, D. A. Gurnett, W. S. Kurth, Z. Wang, G. B. Hospodarsky, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,
United States; A. Rymer, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States; A. Coates, University College,
Dorking, Surrey, United Kingdom; D. T. Young, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
Narrowband radio emission is ubiquitous in magnetospheres of radio planets. The Cassini Radio Plasma Waves Science (RPWS)
instrument has detected a series of narrowband emissions since 2004. These observations, combined with observations by other
instruments (i.e., MIMI/INCA, CAPS) provide great opportunities to study this universal radio phenomenon. In several passes
through the source region of the narrowband radio emissions, indicated by intense electrostatic waves followed by electromagnetic
emissions, CAPS measured electron distribution functions. Wave growth analysis on some emissions will be conducted based on
electron measurements and will be compared to spectrum measured by the RPWS wideband receiver.
269
HP-02.11
PARAMETRIC STUDY OF PROPERTIES OF WAVE PACKETS OF WHISTLER MODE CHORUS
E. Macusova, Charles University/ Institut of Atmospherics Physics ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic; O. Santolik,
Institut of Atmospherics Physics ASCR/Charles University/ Institut of Atmospherics Physics ASCR, Prague, Czech
Republic; P. Decreau, LPCE/CNRS, Orleans, France; D. A. Gurnett, J. S. Pickett, University of Iowa, Iowa City,
USA; D. Nunn, ECS, Southampton University, Southampton, UK; E. E. Titova, Polar Geophysical Institute, Apatity,
Russia; A. G. Demekhov, Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
We investigate frequency sweep rates and amplitudes of chorus wave packets measured by the Wideband (WBD) instrument
onboard the Cluster spacecraft. These parameters of chorus elements are related to the total electron density measured by the
WHISPER active sounder. We observed increasing values of sweep rate with decreasing plasma density. We compare the
properties of chorus elements with results of simulations of triggered emissions as well as with estimates based on the backward
wave oscillator model. We demonstrate a reasonable agreement of our experimental results with theoretical ones.
HP-02.12
THE MODEL FOR EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF ELECTRIC FIELD SENSOR ONBOARD SATELLITE IN SPACE
PLASMA
R. Higashi, M. Kamei, Ishikawa National College of Technology, Kitacyujo, Tsubata, Kahoku-gun, Japan; T. Imachi,
S. Yagitani, Kanazawa University, Kakuma Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
Knowledge of the characteristics of wire antennas in space plasma used as sensors for electric field observations by scientific
satellites in geospace is necessary to determine the absolute intensity and the phase of the electric field wave. In this study,
according to closely analysis of measurement results of the antenna impedance on Akebono, the dependence on the angle between
the antenna and the direction of satellite movement was found. Furthermore, the dependence on the wave frequency of the
resistance component of the impedance was found. We will discuss about the fixed model considering these results about the
antenna impedance.
HP-02.13
ESTIMATION OF THE ANTENNA IMPEDANCE OF THE SENSORS ABOARD SCIENTIFIC SPACECRAFT
T. Imachi, S. Yagitani, O. Nagai, Kanzawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; R. Higashi, Kanazawa Technical College,
Kanazawa, Japan; I. Nagano, Kanazawa University, Tsubata, Japan; H. Matsumoto, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
It is not easy to know the impedance of electric field sensors aboard scientific spacecrafts because it drastically changes depending
on the circumstances around the spacecraft. In this paper we estimated the impedance of wire antennas for wave measurements
aboard GEOTAIL. The waveform of electric field can be calculated from the magnetic field waveform at the same time using the
refractive indices, the permittivities and the directions of the k-vectors, under the assumption of cold plasmas. We used the
waveforms of chorus emissions observed by WFC and detected the dependency of the impedance on the spin of the spacecraft.
HP-02.14
WAVES AND PLASMA OBSERVED IN THE EARTHS PLASMASPHERE BY THE MIP MUTUAL IMPEDANCE PROBE
ONBOARD ROSETTA
J. G. Trotignon, X. Vallieres, D. Lagoutte, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement, Orleans,
France; J. P. Lebreton, ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
ROSETTA will rendez-vous with comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko round 2014 and study it for a period of nearly two years. The
Mutual Impedance Probe, MIP, onboard the ROSETTA orbiter, has to measure the electron density and temperature in the
cometary coma. Furthermore, MIP will determine the spectral distribution of natural waves from 7 kHz to 3.5 MHz. To reach the
comet, the spacecraft must undergo four planet gravity assistances. During the first two Earth fly-bys, in March 2005 and November
2007, valuable observations have actually been made by the MIP in the Earths plasmasphere.
HP-02.15
LARGE-AMPLITUDE COHERENT WAVES AND STRUCTURES ON MARS
1
2
1
1
3
3 1
E. M. Dubinin , C. Mazelle , M. Fraenz , J. Woch , R. Lundin , S. Barabash ; Max-Planck Institute for Solar System
2
3
Research, Katlenburg-Lindau, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany; CNRS/UPS, Toulouse, France; Swedish Institute of
Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
Plasma environment of Mars demonstrates a rich variety of waves and coherent structures. Among them are large-amplitude
upstream waves at the proton gyrofrequency often observed in the form of wave packets. Strong low frequency periodic oscillations
at the frequency nearly the same as the typical $O^+$ gyrofrequency is another class of waves observed in the magnetosheath.
Sometimes the whole magnetosheath consists of large amplitude periodic structures. Oxygen ions escaping the planet also often
reveal a similar periodicity suggesting possible periodic pulsations of the whole system. Different mechanisms of such structures will
be discussed.
HP-02.16
ELECTROSTATIC SOLITARY WAVES WITH OBLIQUE POTENTIAL STRUCTURES IN THE UPSTREAM REGION OF
EARTH'S BOW SHOCK
K. Shin, H. Kojima, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; H. Matsumoto,
Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; T. Mukai, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration
Agency, Kanagawa, Japan
Electrostatic solitary waves (ESW) with oblique potential structures with respect to the ambient magnetic field in the upstream region
of the bow shock are observed. To understand these ESW, we conducted waveform analyses and statistical analyses using wave
form capture onboard the Geotail spacecraft. These ESW observe in the vicinity of the bow shock, and their occurrence decreases
with increasing distance from it. Electric field vectors of the these ESW correlate with the bow shock normal. We propose that such
ESW lined up the bow shock surface excited by the two-stream instability of thermal electrons and nonthermal reflected ions.
270
HP-02.17
ON THE ELECTRON WHISTLER DISPERSION LAW IN TOTAL CONTINUOUS FREQUENCY DOMAIN ABOVE THE
ION CUT-OFF FREQUENCY IN A MULTI-ION DUSTY PLASMA
B. Lundin, IZMIRAN, Troitsk, Russian Federation; C. Krafft, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
A simple quantitatively correct approximation for the electron whistler dispersion law valid in a total continuous frequency domain
above the ion cut-off frequency in multy-ion dusty plasma is presented. The resultant contribution of all the ions to the dispersion law
is expressed by means of the lower hybrid resonance frequency, the highest ion cut-off frequency and the relative content of the
lightest ion. The presented approximation fits well a whistler dispersion law in high frequency domain also while the wave frequency
is much less than the electron plasma frequency, which can be comparable with electron gyrofrequency.
271
OPEN SESSION AND LATEST RESULTS (P)
Session Chair: Y. Omura
Session
HP-03
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
HP-03.1
SATELLITE AND GROUND BASED OBSERVATIONS OF A LARGE-SCALE ELECTRON PRECIPITATION EVENT PRELIMINARY RESULTS
1
1
2
1
3
4
R. J. Gamble , C. J. Rodger , M. A. Clilverd , N. R. Thomson , M. Parrot , J.-A. Sauvaud , J.5 1
2
J. Berthelier ; University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; British Antarctic Survey (NERC), Cambridge, United
3
4
Kingdom; Laborooire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement, Orleans, France; Centre d'Etudes Spatiale des
5
Rayonnements, Toulouse, France; Centre d'Etudes des Environnements Terrestre et Planetaires, Saint Maur des
Fosses, France
In this study we compare DEMETER electron spectra with AARDDVARK measurements of relativistic electron precipitation (REP)
during the 21 January 2005 storm period. Augmenting large-scale regional observations from an array of ground-based VLF
measurements with detailed in situ measurements from the satellite allows us to determine the spatial extent of the precipitation in
addition to its energy distribution, providing a more complete picture of the impact that this precipitation has on the upper
atmosphere.
HP-03.2
PLASMA SPECTROSCOPY USING A WIDEBAND IMPEDANCE PROBE
D. E. Rowland, R. F. Pfaff, R. F. Benson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United
States; V. A. Osherovich, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, United States
We have recently developed a wideband impedance probe that measures the complex impedance of a dipole antenna as a function
of frequency. We have observed resonances similar to those reported by other workers, from which the electron temperature and
density can be derived. We have used varying probe geometries and voltage bias levels to explore other resonances measured by
the probe. These other resonances are most likely associated with electron Bernstein modes (Qn resonances). We present data
relating to the systematic evolution of these resonances with plasma parameters and their use as self-consistent checks of the
plasma density measurement.
HP-03.3
MEASUREMENT OF LF/MF BAND RADIO WAVES IN THE IONOSPHERE BY S-310-38 SOUNDING ROCKET
EXPERIMENTS
K. Ishisaka, T. Miyake, T. Okada, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama, Japan; T. Abe, Institute of Space
and Astronautical Science, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
S-310-38 sounding rocket experiments are carried out at Uchinoura Space Center on 6 February, 2008. The purpose of this
experiment is the investigation of the sporadic E-region at mid latitudes. The LF/MF band receiver is loaded on this sounding rocket
in order to measure the propagation characteristics of LF/MF band radio waves from the ground to the lower ionosphere. The
electron density profile can be estimated from propagation characteristics of two radio waves. We present the results of the
propagation characteristics of LF/MF radio waves and the estimated electron density profile in the ionosphere.
HP-03.4
INITIAL ELF/VLF OBSERVATIONS FROM LOW LATITUDE SITES SETUP AT ALLAHABAD (GEOMAG. LAT.= 16.04
N), NAINITAL (GEOMAG. LAT.= 20.29 N) AND VARANASI (GEOMAG. LAT.= 14.91 N) IN INDIA UNDER IHY/UNBSSI
PROGRAM
R. Singh, B. Veenadhari, Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, New Panvel, Navi Mumbai-410218, India; P. Pant,
Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Nainital-263129, India; A. K. Singh, Baranas Hindi
University, Physics Dept., Varanasi-221005, India
In 2007 three ELF/VLF receivers were setup in Indian low-latitude at Allahabad, Nainital and Varanasi under IHY/UNBSSI program
to investigate electromagnetic phenomena in the ionosphere/magnetosphere. Magnetic field lines connecting Indian low-latitude and
conjugate region lies in ionosphere, having moderate lightning activities. Despite these reasons which are essential for generation
and propagation, wide variety of VLF activity is observed in Indian low-latitude region: whistlers, VLF emissions, etc. The paper
intends to describe experiment and preliminary observational results from these stations. The paper elaborate results on low latitude
D-region ionosphere electron density using tweek atmospherics.
272
HP-03.5
EXCITATION OF WHISTLER WAVES GUIDED BY AXIALLY MAGNETIZED CYLINDRICAL PLASMA STRUCTURES
IN THE PRESENCE OF COLLISIONAL LOSSES
V. A. Es'kin, A. V. Kudrin, University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation; T. M. Zaboronkova,
Technical University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
Excitation of electromagnetic waves in the whistler frequency range by a circular loop antenna in the presence of an axially
magnetized cylindrical plasma column surrounded by either an unbounded background magnetoplasma of lower density or free
space is studied with allowance for the absorption of electromagnetic energy due to electron collisions in the plasma. It is shown that
under conditions of active ionospheric or model laboratory experiments on whistler wave ducting, allowance for moderately small
collisional losses in the plasma can result in appreciable redistribution of the antenna-launched power among the modes guided by
the plasma column.
HP-03.6
INITIAL REPORT OF RADIO WAVE OBSERVATION BY THE LUNAR RADAR SOUNDER (LRS) ONBOARD THE
KAGUYA SPACECRAFT
A. Kumamoto, T. Ono, H. Nakagawa, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Y. Kasahara, Kanazawa University,
Kanazawa, Japan
On October 29, 2007, Lunar Radar Sounder (LRS) onboard the Kaguya spacecraft successfully started radio wave observation in
order to check the background noise level for the preparation of starting the lunar subsurface radar sounding. In the initial
observations, natural radio waves, such as auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) and Type-III solar radio bursts, and
broadcasting/communication waves from the Earth were observed. The terrestrial manmade noises are detected even in a
frequency range around 5MHz, which is used by LRS radar sounding observation. Based on the results, radar sounding operation is
now scheduled to avoid the interferences by them.
273
WAVE-PARTICLE INTERACTIONS AND RADIATION BELT REMEDIATION (P)
Session Chair: Jay Albert
Session
HP-HG1
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
HP-HG1.1 GROUND-BASED VLF TRANSMITTER SIGNALS OBSERVED FROM SPACE: DUCTED OR NONDUCTED?
1
2
2
1
3
4
2 1
M. A. Clilverd , C. J. Rodger , R. J. Gamble , N. P. Meredith , M. Parrot , J.-J. Berthelier , N. R. Thomson ; British
2
3
Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Laboratoire de Physique
4
et Chimie de l'Environnement, Orleans, France; Centre d'Etudes des Environnements Terrestre et Plantaires, Saint
Maur des Fosses, France
The principal loss mechanism for electrons from the inner radiation belt and slot region is atmospheric precipitation. Several studies
have shown that ducted and nonducted VLF waves can precipitate radiation belt energetic electrons. Here we investigate the
propagation of VLF communication transmitter signals using plasma wave instruments onboard the CRRES and DEMETER
satellites in order to determine if nonducted transmitter signals are significant in radiation belt loss processes. We investigate strong
transmitter signals observed in the ionosphere directly above the transmitter, in the magnetosphere near the geomagnetic equator,
and in the ionospheric region geomagnetically conjugate to the transmitter.
HP-HG1.2 INFLUENCE OF CHARGE DYNAMICS ON THE INTERNAL FIELD AND CURRENT DISTRIBUTION IN A
CONDUCTIVE PARTICLE
T. T. Y. Wong, M. Yan, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States
Coupling of the charge transport equation to the Maxwells equations provides a realistic description of the long-wavelength
polarization within a conductive spherical particle, allowing the boundary condition for charge motion at the surface to be accounted
for. While the electric field and local charge density can be obtained with quasi-static analysis, a full-wave formulation is found to be
necessary to describe the current distribution within the spherical particle.
HP-HG1.3 VLF CHORUS AND HISS CHARACTERISTICS AS OBSERVED AT L=2.4 AND THEIR RELATION TO THE
PLASMAPAUSE
D. I. Golden, M. Spasojevic, U. S. Inan, D. L. Carpenter, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
Broadband electromagnetic wave data (from 0 to 50 kHz) acquired via the Stanford University VLF/ELF receiver located at Palmer
Station, Antarctica (L=2.4) is used to identify and characterize magnetospheric chorus and hiss emissions. We discuss ensemble
characteristics, such as time of day occurrence and correlation with DST and Kp, of all multi-minute chorus and hiss emissions
observed at Palmer in 2003. Additionally, we discuss the correlation of particular types of chorus and hiss from the year 2001 with
plasmapause proximity to Palmer's L-shell as determined by the EUV instrument on board the IMAGE satellite.
HP-HG1.4 PARADIGMS OF PITCH ANGLE DIFFUSION IN THE RADIATION BELTS
J. M. Albert, Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, MA, United States
Cyclotron resonant waves strongly affect radiation belt electrons. Broadband waves, such as plasmaspheric hiss, drive quasilinear
diffusion. Coherent waves can also cause diffusion, with the resonance limited by geomagnetic field and plasma density gradients.
This probably describes radiation from ground transmitters. Waves from lightning are intermediate: the source is widely distributed
but relatively discrete. Also, prompt, test particle behavior must be distinguished from global, long term behavior. Hypothetical VLF
waves transmitted from space are even more problematic because of antenna constraints and magnetospheric reflections. Various
theoretical formulations will be considered.
HP-HG1.5 WHISTLER WAVE MITIGATION OF ENERGETIC ELECTRONS IN THE MAGNETOSPHERE
S. P. Kuo, Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, NY, United States; S. S. Kuo, J. T. Huynh, Northrop Grumman
Corporation, Redondo Beach, CA, United States
An approach reducing the population of energetic (MeV) electrons trapped in the magnetosphere is presented. Under a double
resonance condition, a whistler wave is simultaneously in cyclotron resonance with the keV electrons as well as with the MeV
electrons. The injected whistler waves are first amplified by the background keV electrons via a loss-cone negative mass instability.
The numerical results show that whistler wave can be amplified by more than 25 dB. When the wave amplitude exceeds 0.08 % of
the background magnetic field, it becomes effective to precipitate MeV electrons via chaotic scattering, demonstrated by the
numerical results.
274
HP-HG1.6 INTENSITY AND WAVE-NORMAL MAPS OF PLASMASPHERIC HISS USING LONG-TERM OBSERVATION DATA
FROM THE AKEBONO
1
2
1 1
2
Y. Goto , S. F. Fung , Y. Kasahara ; Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,
Greenbelt, MD, USA
Propagation characteristics and spatial distributions of plasmaspheric hiss are important for understanding the radiation belt slot
region which results from losses of energetic electrons by enhanced pitch-angle scattering by the whistler mode waves. The sources
and generation mechanisms are, however, still controversial. In the present study, using long-term observation data from the
Akebono, we constructed average intensity maps of the hiss with the wave map technique. In addition, we have statistically
investigated wave-normals with the WDF analysis. The statistical study on spatial distributions of the plasmaspheric hiss together
with wave-normal analysis show dependences on magnetospheric conditions.
HP-HG1.7 THERMAL CORRECTIONS TO THE REFRACTIVE INDEX SURFACE FOR WHISTLER-MODE WAVES
P. Kulkarni, U. Inan, T. Bell, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
We use numerical methods to calculate refractive index surfaces of VLF whistler mode waves at various locations in the inner
magnetosphere. We show refractive index surfaces for wave frequencies below, approximately equal to and above the local lower
hybrid resonance frequency. We demonstrate the effect of electron and ion temperatures for the background plasma. We make
comparisons among the cold plasma theory, a fully adiabatic warm plasma theory where temperature effects are added to all
elements of the dielectric tensor (not just the diagonal elements), and full kinetic solution. Finally, we analyze how thermal effects
might impact whistler-mode raypaths.
HP-HG1.8 DEMETER OBSERVATIONS OF A COLUMN OF INTENSE UP-GOING ELF/VLF RADIATION EXCITED BY THE
HAARP HF HEATER
1
1
1
2
1 1
D. Piddyachiy , U. S. Inan , T. F. Bell , M. Parrot , N. G. Lehtinen ; Stanford University, Stanford, California, United
2
States; CNRS, Orleans, France
The regions of ELF fields generated by the recently upgraded HAARP HF heater (3.6 MW) and observed on the DEMETER satellite
are classified according to signal intensity and lateral distance from HAARP. The region closest to HAARP contains waves of
relatively high intensity (E = 350 uV/m, B = 20 pT) within a narrow cylindrical column of ~ 10 - 20 km radius coming from the source
at 75 km. It is shown that the observed intense columnar radiation is consistent with predictions of a recent full-wave model
(Lehtinen and Inan, 2008) of ELF radiation induced by HF-heater.
HP-HG1.9 POST-NOON ENERGETIC PROTON PRECIPITATION AND PC-1 WAVE ACTIVITY ON 27 JANUARY 2003
1
2
2
3
4
3
1
E. A. Bering , M. Engebretson , J. L. Posch , R. H. Holzworth , A. Kadokura , M. Kokorowski , B. Reddell ,
4 1
2
H. Yamagishi ; University of Houston and Ad Astra Rocket Company, Houston, TX, United States; Augsburg College,
3
4
Minneapolis, MN, United States; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; National Institute of Polar
Research, Tokyo, Japan
Recent southern hemisphere balloon campaigns have afforded unique opportunities to study the coupling between geomagnetic
micropulsations, energetic particle precipitation, stratospheric conductivity and the global electric circuit. This paper will present
observations of precipitation of energetic protons by Pc 1 waves, and modulation of the stratospheric conductivity and the global
circuit by this precipitation. The event occurred on 27 January 2003, when a very pronounced negative ion conductivity
enhancement was observed by only one of two nearby balloons from 1500 to 2200 UT. This paper will explore the relationship
between the wave data, the proton observations and stratospheric electrodynamics.
HP-HG1.10 GENERATION OF LOWER HYBRID TURBULENCE IN THE IONOSPHERE AND ITS EVOLUTION IN THE
MAGNETOSPHERE
1
2
1 1
2
M. Mithaiwala , L. Rudakov , G. Ganguli ; Naval Research Lab, Washington, DC, USA; Icarus Research Inc.,
Bethesda, MD, USA
A previous work considered the generation of ULF waves in the inner Magnetosphere due to a Lithium ion ring distribution [Ganguli
et al., 2007]. We extend this analysis by considering the generation of Lower-hybrid waves in an Oxygen dominated plasma due to a
Barium ion ring distribution. We demonstrate the criteria in which Lower-hybrid waves are produced. The quasilinear evolution of the
Barium ring distribution lowers the instability threshold. We conclude that the strong turbulence generated by such a release can
increase wave activity in the plasmasphere.
HP-HG1.11 IONOSPHERIC EFFECTS CAUSED BY 40.75 KHZ WHISTLER-MODE WAVES OVER ARECIBO
1
1
1
1
1,2
3
4
R. Pradipta , A. Labno , J. A. Cohen , L. M. Burton , M.-C. Lee , W. J. Burton , M. P. Sulzer ,
5 1
2
S. P. Kuo ; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; Boston University, Boston, MA,
3
4
United States; Air Force Research Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA, United States; Arecibo Observatory, Arecibo, PR, United
5
States; Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
We report Arecibo experiments to investigate interactions of 40.75 kHz whistler-mode emissions with ionospheric plasmas, and the
subsequent whistler wave-electron interactions in radiation belts. These whistler-modes originate from the Naval transmitter (NAU)
in Puerto Rico, emitting radio waves at a power of 100 kW. Based on our theoretical analyses, we show that NAU emissions are
intense enough to excite lower hybrid waves in the ionosphere over Arecibo, and precipitate 390 keV electrons from radiation belts
to cause observed plasma line enhancement in nighttime F- and E-regions, respectively.
275
DUSTY PLASMAS (P)
Session Chairs: Paul Bernhardt, M. Rosenberg
Session
HP-HG2
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
HP-HG2.1 SINGLE PARTICLE CHARGING MODELS COMPARISON: DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS METHODS
C. Chen, W. Scales, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
When a dust particle is immersed in plasma, it will be gradually charged up by collecting electron and ion currents. In previous works,
the dust charge is determined from the standard continuous charging model. In this work, discrete charging model will be introduced
and compared with the continuous charging model. Besides, two new proposed charging models will be analyzed and compared
with the traditional OML charging model to study about behavior for the single dust particle charging process. The purpose of this
research is to find a more accurate charging model for the future lab and experimental research.
HP-HG2.2 STUDY ON REFLECTION OF DUST PLASMA IN POLAR MESOSPHERE TO ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE
H. Li, Z. Wu, Z. Xing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China (CIE); J. Wu, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation,
Beijing, China (CIE)
Based on Boltzmann function and the generalized Ohms law, the influence of charging on dielectric constant and electric
conductivity are analyzed. Formulas of the dielectric constant and electric conductivity of dust plasma, which are applied to high
frequency electromagnetic(EM) wave, are obtained. With the relative formulas and propagation characteristics in isotropic medium,
the reflection coefficient of polar mesosphere where PMSE phenomena is observed is presented by using ECT02 experimental data.
The relation between the characteristics of dust plasma in mesosphere and altitude is discussed, and the reflection profile changing
with altitude is given.
HP-HG2.3 SBS OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE IN MAGNETIZED PLASMA WITH DUST PARTICLES OF VARIABLE
CHARGE
M. Bose, S. Bal, Jadavpur University, Kolkata; W.B., India
Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) of an electromagnetic wave is investigated analytically in a magnetized plasma in presence of
variable charged dust particles since SBS plays an important role in laser-plasma interaction and produce a backscattered light
which is one of the real threat to the inertial confinement fusion research. Here, we have considered all basic equations (namely,
momentum equations, continuity equations etc.) and obtained the dispersion relation. Variation in growth rate of the backward
scattered wave is obtained here with the help of varying the concentration of the number density as well as charge density of the
dust particles.
HP-HG2.4 OBSERVATION OF DUST GRAIN GYROMOTION IN A MAGNETIZED DC GLOW DISCHARGE PLASMA*
1
2
1 1
2
B. Amatucci , C. Compton , G. Gatling ; Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States; SFA
Incorporated, Crofton, MD, United States
Laboratory observations of oscillatory motion of charged microparticles have been made in an argon dc glow discharge plasma
created within a strong dc magnetic field. Measurements of the oscillation frequency and amplitude are consistent with the expected
gyromotion of magnetized dust grains under the ambient plasma conditions. The measurements provide an effective method for the
noninvasive determination of the charge on the observed microparticles *Work sponsored by the Office of Naval Research.
276
POSTERS: FUTURE LARGE TELESCOPES
Session
JP01
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
JP01.1
ASKAP - THE AUSTRALIAN SQUARE KILOMETRE ARRAY PATHFINDER
C. A. Jackson, D. DeBoer, M. J. Kesteven, CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility, Sydney, NSW, Australia
ASKAP is a new radio telescope led by CSIRO in collaboration with international partners. ASKAP has chosen to address a number
of key technology challenges pertinent to the realisation of the SKA. Current Australian Government funding of ASKAP exceeds
AUD 100M. Fundamentally, ASKAP is designed to optimise the performance of novel phased array feeds (PAFs): ASKAP will be
the first array telescope to adopt these revolutionary radio cameras. Whilst these technologies are still under development, critical
design decisions have to be made to meet ASKAPs aggressive time schedule. In this paper I discuss how the project is progressing.
JP01.2
THE AUSCOPE ARRAY - EXPANDING VLBI IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
J. M. Dickey, J. E. J. Lovell, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
A major expansion of the Australian Long Baseline Array is underway that will increase the resolution and dynamic range of the
existing array for a range of astronomical and geodetic applications. The University of Tasmania is working in collaboration with
Curtin University and Geoscience Australia under the management of AuScope Ltd. to construct three new telescopes at two new
VLBI sites in Australia. In collaboration with us, the Auckland University of Technology is constructing a VLBI dish in New Zealand.
This array will be available for astronomy, and it will contribute extensively to geodesy through the International VLBI Service.
JP01.3
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ULTRA WIDE BAND QSC FEED FOR THE SKA
G. Cortes-Medellin, NAIC/Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
The SKA is the next generation of meter and cm-wave radio telescope with a goal sensitivity of 100 times higher than any other
existing instruments operating from 100MHz to 25 GHz. The proposed reference design for the SKA consists of a large number of
reflector antennas with ultra-wide band single pixel feeds. Careful characterization of these ultra-wide band feeds is required in
order to attain the high sensitivity requirements for this instrument. We are presenting the characteristics of the novel ultra wide
band QSC feed currently under development as one of the feeds considered for the SKA.
JP01.4
SCALABLE, PACKETIZED CORRELATORS FOR LARGE N TELESCOPE ARRAYS
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
J. R. Manley , D. Backer , A. Parsons , L. Urry , D. Werthimer , H. Chen , D. McMahon , T. Filiba , P. McMahon ,
2
1 1
2
A. Langman , M. Wright ; University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley,CA, United States; Karoo Array Telescope,
Pinelands, Western Cape, South Africa
We describe new techniques for rapid development of high bandwidth correlators with hundreds to thousands of stations. We
present some of the new architectures and tools that make it relatively easy to develop scalable and upgradable correlators.
Commercial 10 Gbit ethernet switches are used to solve the large-N correlator interconnect problem, together with general purpose
open source FPGA hardware and software modules. This enables computing hardware to be purchased at the last minute, and
upgraded as the array grows. In addition, examples of current packetized correlator implementations and further scaling techniques
are described.
JP01.5
AN OPTIMIZATION ON THE SHAPE OF PANELS OF THE FAST TELESCOPE
H. Gan, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (CIE)
FAST will be the largest single dish radio telescope in the world. The surface tolerance of the main reflector is an important
parameter for estimating the performance of the telescope. In this paper, we present methods to minimize the surface tolerance by
optimizing the curvature and shape of the panels. A rms deviation of 3.3mm is achieved by optimizing the curvature of spherical
panels. By optimizing the shape of the panels, the rms deviation is reduced to 1.0mm. The results show that FAST could be
upgraded to 10GHz or even higher.
277
JP01.6
THE FLY'S EYE: INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF MILLISECOND RADIO PULSES
1,1
1,2,3
1
1,1
1,1
1,1
A. P. V. Siemion , P. L. McMahon , G. C. Bower , G. S. Foster , J. van Leeuwen , M. I. Wagner ,
1,1 1
2
D. Werthimer ; University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States; Department of Electrical
3
Engineering, Cape Town, South Africa; Karoo Array Telescope, Cape Town, South Africa
The discovery by Lorimer et al. of a powerful and highly dispersed radio pulse in Parkes survey data has demonstrated how little we
currently know about the transient radio sky. We will present the design, construction, deployment and testing of the Fly's Eye, an
FPGA-based fast readout spectrometer designed to detect and elucidate powerful dispersed radio transients using the Allen
Telescope Array. The Fly's Eye processes 44 independent signal paths, each with a bandwidth of 209MHz, and produces 128channel (8 bit/channel) spectra, accumulated for 0.6ms, to give a total data rate of 32GB/hour.
JP01.7
DEVELOPMENTS OF THE ALLEN TELESCOPE ARRAY BEAMFORMER
W. C. Barott, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, United States; O. Milgrome, M. Wright,
G. Keating, L. Urry, V. Nagpal, D. MacMahon, M. Dexter, D. Werthimer, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley,
CA, United States
We present the design of a wide-band RFI-tolerant calibration process for the Allen Telescope Array beamformer. Radio frequency
interference presents a challenge for beamformer calibration. Emitters within the wide pass-band of the ATA overpower calibration
sources and are not themselves suitable calibration references. Additionally, wide-spectrum surveys continually change observing
frequencies and cannot tolerate repeated recalibrations. A single calibration must effectively identify and ignore RFI and also
sufficiently characterize the array for a wide range of frequencies. These topics are relevant to the SKA, which will correlate phasedarray station beams and require accurate real-time calibration.
JP01.8
ULTRA WIDE BAND LOW NOISE AMPLIFIER FOR LOW FREQUENCY APPLICATIONS IN RADIO ASTRONOMY
1
2
3
2 1
A. Raghunathan , P. Raj kumar , N. Udaya shankar , K. J. Vinoy ; Raman Research Institute, Bangalore,Karnataka,
2
3
India; Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore,Karnataka, India; Raman Researach Institute, Bangalore,Karnataka, India
Usage of short dipoles in low frequency radio telescopes is becoming popular. However because of its higher reactive impedance,
sky radiation gets poorly coupled to the receiver. To compensate for it, a low noise amplifier is required even at low frequencies
where generally the sky noise dominates the system temperature. In this paper we present the design and development of a low
noise amplifier (T_LNA=50K) for the frequency range of 30-300 MHz using the thermal noise cancellation technique. We have also
studied the enhancement of the dynamic range of the amplifier using post distortion circuit.
JP01.9
FIELD DEPLOYMENT OF 32 TILES OF THE MURCHISON WIDEFIELD ARRAY
C. L. Williams, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
The Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) is a new low frequency radio array currently under construction in Western Australia. The
array will consist of 512 antenna tiles, each of which combines 16 crossed dipole antennae operating in a frequency range from 80
to 300 MHz. The MWA will enable the study of the epoch of reionization of the universe as well as solar, heliospheric and
ionospheric phenomena, and transient astrophysical radio sources. The status of the MWA will be reported, with an emphasis on
results of field testing of the first 32 tiles deployed at the site.
JP01.10
DESIGN OF DIFFERENTIAL LOW NOISE AMPLIFIERS FOR UWB ANTENNAS IN THE LOW BAND OF THE SKA
PROJECT
1,2
3
3
2
1
O. A. Garcia-Perez , V. Gonzalez-Posadas , J. L. Jimenez-Martin , J. M. Serna-Puente , E. Garcia-Munoz ,
1 1
2
D. Segovia Vargas ; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Observatorio Astronomico Nacional,
3
Guadalajara, Spain; Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Differential amplifiers can be an appropriate solution in the implementation of radio astronomy receivers, due to their efficient
interference and harmonic isolation. In this paper, two different topologies are presented. The first one consists of two single ended
amplifiers in a balanced topology. The second one is formed by cascading two simple differential stages. Both circuits operate in the
300MHz to 1GHz bandwidth. Firstly, gain and noise characterizations of each amplifier have been done. Lastly, noise analysis of the
whole reception system, formed by the antenna and the differential amplifiers, is presented.
JP01.11
PRECISION INTERSTELLAR INTERFEROMETRY: TOWARDS FUTURE TELESCOPES
R. M. Shannon, J. M. Cordes, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
Turbulence in the interstellar medium (ISM) causes refraction that leads to multipath interference and time and frequency
modulation observed in the dynamic spectrum of radio pulsars. As the distance over which this interference takes place can be
considerable (in excess of 1 AU), the resolving power of this phenomenon is much greater than that of conventional interferometers,
and can be used to precisely study both the ISM and image the emission region of the background pulsar. Here we discuss our
previous results and motivate this technique in the context of future instruments such as LOFAR and the SKA.
278
JP01.12
ARCHITECTURE, CALIBRATION, AND EARLY RESULTS FOR PAPER
1
1
1,2
3,4
3
4
5
5
A. Parsons , D. Backer , J. Manley , R. Bradley , C. Parashare , E. Mastrantonio , C. Carilli , A. Datta ,
6
7
7
7 1
2
J. Aguirre , M. Lynch , D. Herne , T. Colgate ; University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States; Karoo
3
4
Array Telescope, Cape Town, South Africa; University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States; National Radio
5
Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, United States; National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro, United States;
6
7
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States; Curtin University, Perth, Australia
The Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of Reionization (PAPER) is an experiment for detecting high-redshift 21 cm emission
from gas heated by early star formation. Our approach is a series of array deployments of increasing scale with thorough data
analysis at each stage. We present results from a July 2007 4-antenna deployment in western Australia, a current 16-antenna
deployment in Green Bank, and we discuss the upcoming 32-antenna deployment in Fall 2008. Increasing levels of interference
removal, calibration, modeling, and mapping are being achieved using an open-source data reduction package developed for this
project.
JP01.13
THE ALLEN TELESCOPE ARRAY AS SQUARE KILOMETER ARRAY PATHFINDER
G. C. Bower, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
Many of the technologies, techniques, and observing modes developed for the ATA are directly applicable to the SKA. The ATA is a
pioneer of the the large N small diameter or LNSD approach. Other relevant technologies are the offset Gregorian antenna, the
wideband log periodic feed, transport of broadband data over fiber optic cables, and flexible digital signal processing. Real time
imaging, rapid response to transients, and thinking telescope technology are also under development. SKA development is in
coordination with and supported by the SKA Technology Development Program.
JP01.14
HIGH PERFORMANCE DIGITAL INSTRUMENTATION FOR LARGE TELESCOPE ARRAYS
1,2
1,1
1,2
1
1
1
1,3,4
1,3,4
D. Werthimer , D. Backer , H. Chen , T. Filiba , G. Foster , D. MacMahon , J. Manley , P. McMahon ,
1,1,2
1,1
1
1,1 1
A. Parsons , A. Siemion , M. Wagner , M. Wright ; University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA;
2
3
4
University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley. CA, USA; University of Capetown, Capetown, South Africa; Karoo Array
Telescope, Pinelands, South Africa
Next generation antenna arrays will require correlators and beamformers with terabit/sec data rates and petaop/sec computation
rates. The Center for Astronomy Signal Processing and Electronics Research (CASPER), is a collaboration of thirty universities and
observatories working together to develop hardware and software architectures to solve these peta-scale digital instrumentation
problems. We describe how we have utilized banks of general purpose FPGA boards, commercial 10 Gbit switches, and open
source platform independent gateware modules to rapidly develop a variety of scalable and upgradeable array instrumentaton,
including correlators, beamformers, spectrometers, pulsar and VLBI backends. see http://casper.berkeley.edu
JP01.15
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A 12M PRELOADED PARABOLIC DISH ANTENNA
N. Udaya shankar, R. Duraichelvan, C. M. Ateequlla, M. Modgekar, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore,
Karanataka, India; G. Swarup, National Centre for Radio Astrophysics,Tata Institute of Fundamental Research,
Pune,Maharashtra, India
This paper describes the developmental work carried out at the Raman Research Institute (RRI) to evaluate the Preloaded
Parabolic Dish (PPD) concept. The design studies undertaken to build a 12m PPD, the design of its mount, the challenges faced
during the fabrication and installation, and the measurements carried out to establish the surface acccuracy of the dish are
described.
279
POSTERS: APERTURE AND FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS IN RADIO ASTRONOMY
Session
JP02
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
JP02.1
SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO ESTIMATES FOR APERTURE PLANE ARRAYS OF ACTIVE ELEMENTS
A. E. E. Rogers, MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, United States
Electromagnetic simulations are made of the effective aperture and sky noise of aperture arrays as a function of the element
spacing from a sparse array, for which the collecting areas of the individual elements do not overlap, to a dense array where the
collecting areas overlap. In a sparse array of active elements the sky noise contribution is from the convolution of the sky with the
element patterns whereas for a dense array it is given by the convolution with the array beam. The relative merits of sparse and
dense arrays for Radio Astronomy applications are discussed.
JP02.2
NEW RADIO ASTRONOMY WITH FOCAL-PLANE ARRAYS
T. A. Oosterloo, Astron, Dwingeloo, Netherlands
By using focal-plane array (FPA) technology, the field of view of current cm-wave radio interferometer telescopes can be enlarged
by more than an order of magnitude. It is also one of the technologies under consideration for the Square-Kilometer Array (SKA).
Such larger field-of-views will enable entirely new types of astronomical research and promise to have a major impact on astronomy,
even well before SKA becomes operational. I will discuss some of these new science applications, as well as FPA systems currently
being developed, such as the APERTIF system for the Westerbork Synthesys Radio Telescope.
JP02.3
APERTURE ARRAY SIMULATIONS, MODEL RADIO SOURCES, AND PROCESSOR BENCHMARKING
S. G. A. Sundaram, Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe - JIVE, Dwingeloo, Drenthe, Netherlands
Simulated SKA observations in the mid-frequency (~1 GHz) range need to factor in a wide assortment of spatial- and sky-plane
effects, station beam pointing errors being significant among them, modelled in terms of Jones' matrices in the classical
measurement equation, that corrupt the detected visibilities at the station level and constitute parameters for self-calibration. The
simulated Local Sky Model would then iteratively refine a larger Global Sky Model. Optimising the computations here helps
understand demands placed on the processor when dealing with real SKA deep-survey data, and is among the key goals in SKA
benchmarking.
JP02.4
MINIMUM RECEIVER NOISE IN PHASED ARRAY FEEDS AND APERTURE ARRAYS
J. D. Bregman, E. E. M. Woestenburg, J. G. bij de Vaate, ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands
Recent results showing 14 K noise temperature obtained with a CMOS transistor at 1 GHz suggest application in Aperture Arrays
(AA) and Phase Array Feeds (PAF) for the Square Kilometer Array without invoking cooling and still reaching system temperatures
currently only obtained with cooled GaAs transistors. We present the formula for the effective receiver noise temperature at the input
of an antenna system as function of transistor and of antenna characteristics. Application to a single antenna element, an infinite AA
and a PAF shows increased effective receiver temperature as function of bandwidth, scanning and tracking respectively.
JP02.5
STATUS OF THE PHASED-ARRAY FEED DEMONSTRATOR AT DRAO
1
1
1,2
1
1
1
1
1 1
B. Veidt , T. Burgess , P. Dewdney , S. Dougherty , A. Gray , G. Hovey , R. Messing , R. Smegal ; National
2
Research Council of Canada, Penticton, BC, Canada; University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
The PHased-Array feed Demonstrator (PHAD) project is exploring engineering aspects of this new technology. PHAD comprises
180 active Vivaldi elements operating from 1 to 2 GHz. Each element feeds a low-noise amplifier and a receiver (both commercial
integrated circuits), with the outputs digitized and stored. Beamforming is performed off-line using a matrix language, providing great
flexibility in diagnostics and algorithm development. PHAD testing began in a near-field range and has progressed to tests on a 10m reflector antenna. This presentation will report early results with emphasis on calibration.
JP02.6
A GENERAL-PURPOSE SPECTROMETER FOR A FEEDHORN ARRAY RECEIVER
J. Ford, J. Ray, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Green Bank, WV, United States
We present the conceptual design for a general-purpose spectrometer system designed to support the Green Bank Telescope (GBT)
K band Focal Plane Array (KFPA) project. This design is based on use of reconfigurable computing elements and supporting design
tools designed by the Center for Astronomy Signal Processing and Electronics Research (CASPER) and collaborators. This paper
presents an analysis of the projected cost and performance tradeoffs, physical size and weight, and time to deploy for a system
supporting a 61 pixel dual polarization array receiver. The analysis includes the entire data stream, from digitizer to disk.
280
POSTERS: MM AND SUB-MM RADIO ASTRONOMY
Session
JP03
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
JP03.1
16 PIXELS HETERODYNE ARRAY OPERATING AT 2.5 TERAHERTZ
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
J.-M. Krieg , S. Cherednichenko , V. Drakinskiy , B. Lecomte , F. Dauplay , Y. Delorme , A. Feret , H.3
3
4 1
2
W. Huebers , A. D. Semenov , G. N. Gol'tsman ; Observatoire de Paris / LERMA, Paris, France; Chalmers
3
4
University of Technology, Goteborg, Sweden; German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany; State Pedagogical
University of Moscow, Moscow, Russia
A 2.5 THz 16 pixels heterodyne receiver is under development, based on NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB)
mixers. The design combines an integrated approach the 16 pixels are hosted on a single wafer inside a single mechanical block,
an a quasioptical RF coupling scheme where the HEB devices are integrated into double dipole antennas on 1.5mm thick Si3N4/
SiO2 membranes. The output beam is generated via metallic parabolic mirrors (one per pixel) associated to membrane-based
backshorts placed behind the antennas. The 16 pixels IF outputs can be addressed simultaneously. Progress in receiver tests will
be presented.
JP03.3
PHOTONIC MILLIMETER-WAVE GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION SYSTEM APPLICABLE TO THE ALMA RADIO
TELESCOPES
1
2
1
2
2
2
2 1
H. Kiuchi , T. Kawanishi , M. Yamada , T. Sakamoto , M. Tsuchiya , J. Amagai , M. Izutsu ; National Astronomical
2
Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan; National institute of information and communications technology, Tokyo, Japan
This paper discusses the possibility of applying the high extinction ratio optical modulator to a high stability and high frequency (over
100 GHz) optical reference signal generator. An alternative method to the optical phase lock scheme is the Lithium niobate MachZehnder optical intensity modulator which is capable of generating two highly stable optical signals by applying a sinusoidal
microwave signal to an input laser signal. The measured phase stability is 3E-14 in the Allan standard deviation. And we discuss the
possibility of transmitting a reference signal in the form of frequency difference between two coherent light waves.
JP03.4
DETECTING FLARING STRUCTURES IN SAGITTARIUS A* WITH (SUB)MILLIMETER VLBI
1
1
2
3
1 1
V. L. Fish , S. S. Doeleman , A. E. Broderick , A. Loeb , A. E. E. Rogers ; Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
2
3
Westford, MA, United States; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United
States
Multiwavelength monitoring observations of SagittariusA* exhibit variability on timescales of minutes to hours, indicating emission
regions localized near the event horizon. Submillimeter-wavelength VLBI is uniquely suited to probe the environment of the
assumed black hole on these scales. We consider a range of orbiting hotspot and accretion-disk models and find that periodicity in
SgrA* flares is detectable using closure quantities. Our methods are applicable to any model producing source structure changes
near the black hole, including jets and magnetohydrodynamic disk instabilities, and suggest that submillimeter VLBI will play a
prominent role in investigating SgrA* near the event horizon.
JP03.5
A DESIGN FOR THE CCAT ACTIVE SURFACE
D. P. Woody, Caltech, Big Pine, CA, United States; D. MacDonald, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United
States
CCAT is a 25m telescope that will operate at wavelengths as short as 200micron . Meeting the surface accuracy specifications
requires an active surface to correct for gravitational and thermal distortions of the reflector support structure. This paper will
describe a design for the reflector that uses segments that consist of four panel tiles that are mounted on a ~2mx2m CFRP raft.
Edge sensors, a novel system for measuring the absolute tip-tilt of the rafts and a CFRP metrology system in the feedlegs are used
by the control system to maintain the surface figure with an accuracy of ~7microns.
JP03.6
SILICON GERMANIUM (SIGE) LOW NOISE AMPLIFIERS FOR RADIO ASTRONOMY
J. C. Bardin, S. Weinreb, H. Mani, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
A new candidate for the LNA, vital to most radio astronomy receivers, is the silicon SiGe bipolar transistor which has been highly
developed by companies such as IBM, Jazz, and STM. The advantages are:1) low noise from ambient to cryogenic temperatures 2)
smaller feature size which enables stable noise- and power-matched microwave feedback amplifiers. 3) availability of BiCMOS
transistors and multiple connection layers to enable more receiver functions on a single chip. 4) rapid development spurred by
communication applications. The presentation will report recent results with SiGe cryogenic LNA's and give a web site link to details.
281
JP03.7
SURVEY OF GIANT MOLECULAR CLOUDS IN M33 WITH NRO45-M TELESCOPE AND ASTE
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
3
2
N. Kuno , T. Tosaki , T. Sawada , S. Komugi , S. Onodera , K. Nakanishi , A. Hirota , H. Kaneko , Y. Tamura ,
4
2
1 1
2
K. Sorai , K. Kohno , R. Kawabe ; Nobeyama Radio Observatory, Nagano, Japan; University of Tokyo, Tokyo,
3
4
Japan; Ibaraki university, Ibaraki, Japan; Hokkaido university, Hokkaido, Japan
We present NRO Legacy Project: Survey of Giant Molecular Clouds in M33 with NRO 45-m telescope and ASTE. We are mapping
30'x30' area of M33 in CO(1-0) with the 45-m telescope using the multi-beam receiver BEARS to identify most of GMCs whose
mass is higher than several 10^4Mo. We will observe the GMCs in CO(3-2) with ASTE to investigate their physical properties. 1.1
mm continuum map was obtained with ASTE also. Our scientific aims are to investigate the variation of the properties of GMCs and
to understand evolution of GMCs.
JP03.8
THE RECENT RESULTS AND PROGRESS OF VERA
H. Kobayashi, K. Noriyuku, K. Shibata, M. Honma, S. Manabe, Y. Tamura, O. Kameya, T. Hirota, T. Jike, National
AStrnomical Observatory of Japan, Mizusawa, Japan; H. Imai, T. Omodaka, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima,
Japan
VERA aims astrometry observations using phase referencing VLBI techniques, whose goal is 10 micro arc-second accuracy for
annual parallax measurements. VERA has four 20-m diameter VLBI radio telescopes in Japanese archipelago with the 2,300 km
maximum baseline length. They have the two-beam observing system, which makes two-object simultaneous observations possible
at 22 GHz and 43 GHz. Then it leads accurate phase referencing VLBI observations for H2O and SiO maser sources. An important
science goal is to make the 3-dimensional map of the Galaxy and reveal kinematical fields of the Galaxy.
JP03.9
THE SUNYAEV-ZELDOVICH ARRAY
D. P. Marrone, J. E. Carlstrom, T. L. Culverhouse, C. H. Greer, R. M. Hennessy, E. M. Leitch, M. Loh, C. L. Pryke,
M. K. Sharp, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; A. D. Miller, T. Mroczkowski, S. Muchovej, Columbia
University, New York, NY, United States; D. Hawkins, J. W. Lamb, D. P. Woody, Owens Vallew Radio Observatory,
Caltech, Big Pine, CA, United States; M. Bonamente, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL, United States; M. Joy,
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, United States
The Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Array (SZA) is an eight-element interferometer designed to make sensitive observations of the SZ effect
from clusters of galaxies. The SZA consists of eight 3.5-meter telescopes, each with 26-36 GHz and 85-115 GHz receivers.
Observations began in 2005. The SZA science program is designed to examine cluster physics and cosmology through several
approaches, including: 1) deep fine-scale CMB anisotropy measurements, 2) a 6 square degree blind survey for galaxy clusters,
and 3) observations of known clusters to characterize the relationship between SZ signal and mass, dynamical state, and other
properties.
JP03.10
WIDE FIELD IMAGING WITH THE ACA AND THE 12 M ARRAY OF ALMA
K.-I. Morita, B. Vila Vilaro, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, Japan; S. Takakuwa, Academia
Sinica, Taipei, China (SRS); D. Iono, University of Tokyo, Mitaka, Japan
The goal of introducing the ACA, which consits of 12x7m dishes and 4x12-m dishes, is to enable ALMA to image extended objects
by direct sampling of the low spatial frequency visibility at a uv gap of the 12 m Array of ALMA. For actual heterogeneous imaging
with the ACA and the 12 m Array, it is important to adjust calibration accuracy and the sensitivity in the uv plane of the ACA. In this
paper, we discuss the calibration strategy of the ACA and sensitivity balance between the ACA and the 12 m Array based on
imaging simulations.
JP03.11
CRYOSTAT CAVITY NOISE AND THE IMPACT ON SPECTRAL BASELINES
R. D. Norrod, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Green Bank, WV, United States
The GBT Ka-band and Q-band receiver front-ends exhibited a spectral baseline instability of unknown cause. The cause is found to
be due to thermal noise radiated from the cryostat interior cavity surfaces. Due to multimoding and multiple reflections in the cryostat
cavity, the noise radiation exhibits complex frequency structure sensitive to environmental factors. This radiation can couple into the
receiver input signal via waveguide flanges, component bodies, or reflections from vacuum windows. The baseline effects can be
mitigated using microwave absorber to smooth the cavity noise ripple, and by shielding the signal path from the noise radiation.
JP03.14
ATMOSPHERIC PHASE CORRECTION FOR ALMA USING 183 GHZ WATER VAPOUR RADIOMETERS
ALMA WVR collaboration, , ,
Phase fluctuations due to irregularities in the troposphere limit the sensitivity and resolution of submillimetre aperture synthesis
telescopes at even very good sites. To reach its ambitious goal of resolution of 5 milliarcseconds, ALMA plans to correct for these
phase fluctuations by a combination of periodic switching to nearby calibrators and measurements from 183GHz water vapour
radiometers. We will present the conceptual design of the radiometers, tests of the ALMA prototypes at the Submillimeter Array,
models of performance of such radiometers and end-to-end simulations of how the radiometers in combination with fast-switching
will correct the phase fluctuations.
282
JP03.15
AZTEC ON ASTE SURVEY OF SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES
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3
3
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3
1
1
K. Kohno , Y. Tamura , B. Hatsukade , K. Nakanishi , H. Ezawa , R. Kawabe , T. Oshima , D. Iono , K. Tanaka ,
2
3
4
4
4
4
4
5
H. Matsuo , N. Yamaguchi , G. Wilson , M. S. Yun , T. A. Perera , J. Austermann , K. Scott , D. Hughes ,
5 1
2
I. Aretxaga ; University of Tokyo, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo,
3
4
Japan; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Minamimaki, Nagano, Japan; University of Massachusetts,
5
Amherst, MA, USA; Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica, Optica y Electronica, Puebla, Mexico
We have started an unprecedented survey of submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) using the 144 pixel bolometer camera AzTEC on the
Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment (ASTE). At the observing wavelength of 1.1 mm, the angular resolution is not very
high (about 28 arcsec), yet it enables us to make very wide (typically 12' x 12' or wider) and deep (1 sigma noise levels of 0.6 - 0.9
mJy) images of known blank fields, over-density regions around high-z quasars and radio galaxies across a wide range of redshifts.
Highlights of some of selected deep fields will be presented.
283
THE GMRT: CURRENT STATUS, UPGRADE PLANS, SOME INTERESTING SCIENCE RESULTS
Session
JPS1
Type
Poster Presentation
Schedule
Room
JPS1.1
CURRENT STATUS OF THE GMRT : RECEIVER SYSTEMS
A. Praveen Kumar, B. Ajith Kumar, G. Sankarsubramanian, S. Suresh Kumar, R. V. Swami, Y. Gupta, National
Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
We present the specifications, design and performance details of the existing GMRT receiver system. The GMRT operates in five
frequency bands between 130 MHz and 1500 MHz with uncooled low-noise receivers and maximum instantaneous bandwidth of 32
MHz in dual orthogonal polarizations. The signals from the 30 antennas are transported to the central building using optical fibers.
The baseband converted signals are digitised and converted to 256 spectral channels in the digital backend, in which a FX
correlator (for interferometry) and array combiner followed by a pulsar receiver (for pulsar observations) are the main constituents.
JPS1.2
CURRENT STATUS OF THE GMRT : CONTROLS, OPERATIONS AND ELECTRO-MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
R. Balasubramaniam, N. V. Nagarathnam, S. Sabhapathy, H. S. Kale, S. Nayak, S. K. Bagade, J. N. Chengalur,
National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
We present design and performance details of Control and Monitoring, Servo and Mechanical subsystems of GMRT. The novel
design of GMRT antennas, which makes them extremely light weight dishes, is described. The Servo system, designed with position,
speed and torque control loops, achieves a pointing accuracy of 1 arc minute. The GMRT Online system controls and monitors the
working of almost all the subsystems. The telemetry set-up establishes command and voice communication over the analog fiber
links between central building and the antennas. We also give details of the operating cycles and usage statistics of GMRT.
JPS1.3
A LOW FREQUENCY FEED FOR GMRT
S. Amiri, N. Udaya shankar, K. S. Dwarakanath, R. Somashekar, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India
The design, construction and characterization of a novel low frequency dual polarized feed covering the frequency range 30 to
90MHz and results of observations carried out mounting the feed system on four GMRT antennas will be reported. The main goals
of our design are, 1) the physical dimension is suitable for mounting it along with one of the existing feeds on the GMRT antenna
turret, with minimum interference to its operation, 2) the feed has symmetrical E & H plane patterns with reasonable aperture
efficiency and 3) to get a system in which the sky noise dominates the system temperature.
JPS1.4
AN RFI INVESTIGATION AT GMRT FOR LOW-FREQUENCY RECEIVER DESIGN
B. S. Girish, R. Somashekar, S. Amiri, N. Udaya shankar, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
In the past few years, low-frequency radio astronomy which has largely remained unexplored, has gained considerable importance.
This is mainly due to number of physical processes and phenomena that can be studied uniquely at low radio frequencies. However,
for carrying out low-frequency observations, challenges involved in handling both natural and artificial radio frequency interferences
need to be addressed. In this paper, we present the results obtained from the investigations carried out to understand the RFI
scenario at GMRT site in the frequency range 30 to 90 MHz and outline the requirements of receiver design for low-frequency
observations.
JPS1.5
UPGRADING THE GMRT : PLANS AND CURRENT STATUS
Y. Gupta, J. N. Chengalur, A. Praveen Kumar, R. Balasubramanian, S. Sabhapathy, B. Ajith Kumar,
S. Suresh Kumar, S. K. Bagade, A. Raut, R. V. Swami, H. S. Kale, N. V. Nagarathnam, National Centre for Radio
Astrophysics, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
We present the plans and current status of our efforts to upgrade the GMRT to a more sensitive and versatile radio telescope. The
main thrust areas are : (i) improved frequency range with near seamless coverage from 50 MHz to 1500 MHz, with a maximum
instantaneous bandwidth of 400 MHz; (ii) a modern servo system that includes the feed positioning system as an integral part; (iii) a
more powerful and sophisticated control and monitor system. These upgrades are expected to keep the GMRT on the forefront as a
low frequency radio telescope, for the next decade or so.
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JPS1.6
GMRT STUDIES OF OUR GALAXY
P. A. Rao, S. Roy, National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, TIFR, Pune, Maharashtra, India
The Giant Metre Wave Radio Telescope (GMRT) has been used to study a variety of objects in our galaxy ranging from SagA to
planets around nearby stars. Its high angular resolution and coverage of low frequencies make it a unique facility for such studies.
GMRT has been used by a large number of astronomers and we give here some of the highlights.
JPS1.7
NEW RESULTS ON EMISSION FROM THE TRANSIENT BURSTING SOURCE GCRT J1745-3009
1
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3
5 1
S. Roy , S. D. Hyman , S. Pal , J. W. Lazio , P. S. Ray , N. E. Kassim , S. Bhatnagar ; NCRA-TIFR, Pune,
2
3
Maharashtra, India; Sweet Briar College, Sweet Briar, VA 24595, USA; Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC
4
5
20375-5351, USA; Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5352, USA; National Radio Astronomy
Observatory, Socorro, NM 87801-0387, USA
GCRT J1745-3009 is a transient bursting radio source located ~1 degree away from Galactic center, discovered by Hyman et al.
(2005) at 330 MHz. It is newly detected from 330 MHz GMRT observations in March 2004. The burst lasted for only 2 minutes with
spectral index of -13 +/-3. In September 2003 GMRT data, we detect high circularly polarised emission reaching >50%. The
emission is most likely coherent (e.g., cyclotron emission), suggesting magnetic field of ~120 Gauss, expected near stellar surfaces.
Non-detection in other wavebands could, however, suggest brown dwarf as a possible source of emission.
JPS1.8
RADIO AND INFRARED STUDY OF GALACTIC STAR FORMING REGIONS
S. K. Ghosh, D. K. Ojha, R. P. Verma, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India; V. K. Kulkarni, NCRA,
Pune, India; S. Vig, Arcetri Observatory, Florence, Italy; A. K. Pandey, M. R. Samal, ARIES, Nainital, India; A. Tej,
IIIST, Thiruvananthapuram, India
We present multi-wavelength study of Galactic star forming regions (GSFRs), by supplementing the balloon borne far infrared (150210 micron) and ground based near infrared imaging with radio continuum observations using the Giant Metrewave Radio
Telescope (GMRT), in 1280, 610, and 325 MHz bands. The radio maps (~ 2") have provided new information about the diffuse
thermal emission (morphology), spectral types of deeply embedded young stellar object (cores). Results for a few selected GSFRs
(mostly southern sky) & Sharpless HII regions will be presented.
JPS1.9
MAPING OF CIRCUMSTELLAR HI AROUND THE CARBON STAR YCVN USING THE GMRT
K. Rao, R. Mohan, D. L. Lambert, Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, KA, India
Recent results suggest that part of the material in circumstellar envelopes of many evolved stars is atomic, and that it is feasible to
use HI 21-cm emission as a diagnostic probe of late stages of stellar evolution. We have imaged the region around YCVn in 21cm
line using GMRT and detected 21cm emission over a range of +/-2 km/s around the LSR velocity of YCVn. HI emission is arising
from discrete clumps around the star and falls within the diameter of dust shell inferred from infrared observations using ISO.
Preliminary results imply that mass-loss is highly asymmetric.
JPS1.10
OBSERVATIONS OF NOVAE WITH THE GMRT
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G. C. Anupama , N. G. Kantharia , T. P. Prabhu , S. Ramya , P. Subramanian , M. F. Bode , S. P. S. Eyres ,
5
6 1
2
T. J. O'Brien , S. Bhatnagar ; Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; National Centre for Radio
3
Astrophysics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India; Astrophysics Research Institute,
4
Liverpool John Moores University, Birkenhead, UK; Centre for Astrophysics, University of Central Lancashire, Preston,
5
6
UK; School of Physics and Astronomy, Jodrell Bank Observatory, Macclesfield, UK; National Radio Astronomy
Observatory, Socorro, New Mexico, USA
GMRT observations of the remnant of classical nova, GKPersei and evolution of the 2006 outburst of recurrent nova, RSOphiuchi
have yielded interesting results presented in this paper. The radio emission from the shell of GKPer is non-thermal and shows
spectral evolution at lower radio frequencies. RSOphiuchi was detected for the first time at low radio frequencies during 2006
outburst. The evolution of radio flux at GMRT frequencies is similar to rapid evolution of typeII supernovae. The spectrum is nonthermal. All the frequencies exhibit a power-law decay. Evidence for variation in density of the circumstellar material is seen.
JPS1.11
REVIEW OF SCIENCE RESULTS FROM THE GMRT : PULSARS
Y. Gupta, National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
The GMRT, in its phased array mode, is a powerful and versatile instrument for pulsar studies. We present here a review of the
main interesting results obtained in this field with the GMRT, during the past few years. These include (i) discoveries of new pulsars
(ii) simultaneous multi-frequency observations of pulsars (iii) detailed studies of pulse profiles for various applications (iv) single
pulses tudies (v) polarization properties of pulsars.
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JPS1.12
FIRST ESTIMATES OF CORONAL ELECTRON DENSITY FROM ACCURATE TRACKING OF CHANGES IN PULSAR
DISPERSION MEASURE
D. Oberoi, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Westford, MA, United States; A. L. Ahuja, TRDDC-Tata
Consultancy Services, Pune, Maharashtra, India; Y. Gupta, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Pune,
Maharashtra, India
A novel technique for estimating pulsar dispersion measures with uncertainties as low as 10$^{-4}$ pc cm$^{-3}$, without requiring
absolute timing information, has recently been developed at GMRT. This technique, tailored for simultaneous multi-frequency GMRT
observations, makes it feasible to detect coronal electron density by tracking changes in observed DM of a pulsar as it passes
through close to the Sun. This provides a very attractive alternative to the current options of spacecraft occulations or pulsar timining
studies. Initial results from GMRT observations of a carefully selected pulsar at epochs spanning ~3 weeks are presented.
JPS1.13
A 610 MHZ PULSAR SEARCH OF THE GALACTIC PLANE WITH THE GMRT
1
2
1
3
3 1
M. A. McLaughlin , B. C. Joshi , D. A. Ludovici , A. G. Lyne , M. Kramer ; West Virginia University, Morgantown,
2
3
WV, United States; Tata Institute for Fundamental Resesarch, Pune, India; University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
The results of a search for pulsars between Galactic longitudes 45 < l < 135 and Galactic latitudes | b | < 3 with the Giant Meterwave
radio telescope at 610 MHz are presented. We give a current status report on the survey and describe the known and new pulsars
that have been detected. Follow-up observations have been carried out with the GMRT and the Lovell Telescope. We present the
properties of the new pulsars, including timing solutions, flux densities and multi-frequency pulse profiles. We also discuss the radio
frequency interference environment (RFI) at the GMRT and possible methods of RFI mitigation.
JPS1.14
EXTRAGALACTIC SOURCES: AN OVERVIEW OF GMRT RESULTS
G. Krishna, D. J. Saikia, National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, TIFR, Maharashtra, India
GMRT is being used internationally for studying