Jordan - Euromed Audiovisuel

Transcription

Film and audiovisual data collection project
EU funded Programme
STATISTICAL DATA COLLECTION PROJECT ON THE FILM AND
AUDIOVISUAL MARKETS IN 9 MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES
National Monographs: 4. Jordan
EUROMED AUDIOVISUAL III / CDSU in collaboration with the European Audiovisual Observatory
Dr. Sahar Ali, Media Expert, CDSU Euromed Audiovisual III
Under the supervision of Dr. André Lange, in charge of the Information on markets and
financing Dept. European Audiovisual Observatory (Council of Europe).
September 2013
Euromed Audiovisual III
1
Disclaimer
“The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of Euromed Audiovisual III programme and
can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union, or of the European Audiovisual
Observatory or of the Council of Europe of which it is part.”
The report is available on the programme‘s web site:
www.euromedaudiovisuel.net
The original version of this publication was done in French. English translation was provided
by the translation service of the Euromed Audiovisual III Programme.
2
NATIONAL AUDIOVISUAL LANDSCAPES IN THE NINE PARTNER COUNTRIES
JORDAN
1. BASIC DATA .....................................................................................................................6
1.1 Institutions.....................................................................................................................6
1.2 Points of reference .......................................................................................................6
1.3 Internal Policy ...............................................................................................................8
1.4 Jordan‘s membership and that of its public audiovisual organisms of international
organizations active in the audiovisual sector .....................................................................9
1.5 Rapprochement with the European institutions .............................................................9
1.5.1 European Union ....................................................................................................9
1.5.2. The Council of Europe .........................................................................................13
2. TELECOMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURES DEVELOPMENT ...............................15
2.1 Telecommunications Regulatory Commission (TRC) ..................................................15
2.2 Data on the telecommunications market .....................................................................15
Fixed line telephone markets ............................................................................................16
Subscriptions to fixed phone in Jordan, 2012 ....................................................................16
Mobile phone market ........................................................................................................16
3. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND OF
TELEVISION ........................................................................................................................20
3.1 Information and Communication Institutional framework .............................................20
3.2. Ministry of Information and Communication ...............................................................20
3.2. Law on the press and publication ...............................................................................21
3.3 Laws pertaining to the audiovisual sector ....................................................................21
3.3.1 Law n°35 of 2000 .................................................................................................21
3.3.2 Law No. 71 of 2002 ..............................................................................................22
3.4 Censorship regime applicable to films and audiovisual works .....................................22
3.6 The Audiovisual Commission ....................................................................................23
3.6.1 Recommendation of June 2013 ............................................................................25
4. DISTRIBUTION MODALITIES OF AUDIOVISUAL SERVICES ......................................26
4.1 Number of households and number of TV households ................................................26
4.2 Terrestrial Broadcasting ..............................................................................................26
4.2.1 Terrestrial analog television ..................................................................................26
4.2.2 Terrestrial digital television (TDT) .......................................................................26
4.3 Cable Television .........................................................................................................27
4.4 Satellite Television ......................................................................................................27
4.5 Internet Television.......................................................................................................28
4.5.1 Applications for smartphones and tablets .............................................................28
5. JORDANIAN TELEVISUAL LANDSCAPE ......................................................................29
5.1 Number of channels established in Jordan ..................................................................29
5.1.1 Another list of Jordanian channels ........................................................................31
5.2 Main Jordanian Channels .........................................................................................34
5.2.1 Jordan Radio and Television Corporation (JRTV) .................................................34
5.2.1.1 JTV ....................................................................................................................35
5.2.2 JO SAT.................................................................................................................37
5.2.3 Ro‘ya TV ..............................................................................................................39
5.3 Jordan Media City (JMC) ............................................................................................40
5.4 Arab Telemedia Group ...............................................................................................41
3
6. AUDIENCE RATING OF TELEVISION CHANNELS ........................................................42
6.1 Characteristics of 2011 panel ......................................................................................42
6.2 Table: Share of audience market of some Jordanian and Arab channels (2011) .........43
6.3 Characteristics of 2012 panel .....................................................................................44
6.4 Audience market share of some Jordanian and Arab channels (2012) ........................45
7. PUBLICITY MARKET ......................................................................................................46
7.1 Televisual publicity market ..........................................................................................46
7.2. Written Press .............................................................................................................47
7.3 Publicity on the Internet...............................................................................................48
7.4 Radio publicity and external publicity ..........................................................................48
8. AUDIOVISUAL SERVICES ON REQUEST AND VIDEO SHARE SITES .......................49
8.1 Online audiovisual services on demand ......................................................................49
8.2 Video Share Sites .......................................................................................................49
8.3 Branded channels of Jordanian distributors on video share channels .........................50
8.4 Audience of the online video sites in Jordan ...............................................................50
8.4.1 Ranking of the most visited web sites in Jordan, December 2011 ........................51
8.4.2 Ranking of the 20 most popular sites in Jordan (by 6 May 2013) ..........................52
8.5 Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn ..................................................................................53
8.5.1 Facebook .............................................................................................................53
8.5.2 LinkedIn................................................................................................................56
8.5.3 Twitter ..................................................................................................................57
9. THE FILM MARKET .........................................................................................................59
9.1 Background.................................................................................................................59
9.2 Department of film and photography ...........................................................................60
9.3 The film industry in Jordan: realities and prospects .....................................................60
9.4 The Royal Film Commission .......................................................................................61
9.4.1 Jordan Film Fund (JFF) ........................................................................................62
9.4.2 The « Alternative cinema project » .......................................................................64
9.4.3 The Film House ....................................................................................................65
9.5 Film production in Jordan ............................................................................................68
9.5.1 Films produced in 2007-2012 ...............................................................................68
9.5.2 Production companies ..........................................................................................69
9.5.3 Amman Filmmakers Cooperative ..........................................................................69
9.6 Film distribution ...........................................................................................................70
9.6.1 Market shares of production studios- 2012 ...........................................................70
9.6.2 Distribution companies .........................................................................................72
Selim Ramia & Co .........................................................................................................72
Empire International ......................................................................................................72
9.6.3 Market shares per distributor ................................................................................72
9.7 Cinema exhibition .......................................................................................................74
9.7.1 Ranking of films shown in Jordanian cinemas according to nationality – 2012......74
9.7.2 Cinema reports – week 52/2012- from 20.12.2012 to 26.12.2012 ........................76
9.7.3 Ranking of films according to box-office earnings 2012- to 16/12/2012 (52nd week)
......................................................................................................................................78
9.8 Coproduction ..............................................................................................................82
9.9 Distribution of Jordanian films abroad .........................................................................85
9.10 The physical video and video on demand market ......................................................86
9.11 National Film events..................................................................................................87
9.11.1 The Jordan Short Film Festival (JSFF) ...............................................................87
9.11.2 Karama Human Rights Film Festival (HRFF) ......................................................87
9.11.3 European Film Festival in Jordan .......................................................................88
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9.11. 4 Franco Arab Film Festival ..................................................................................88
9.11.5 Arab Film Festival ...............................................................................................89
10. COPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS IN JORDAN .....................................................90
11. PIRACY ..........................................................................................................................90
12. TRAINING OF AUDIOVISAUL PROFESSIONALS ........................................................91
12.1 Jordan Media Institute (JMI) ......................................................................................91
12.2 SAE Institute .............................................................................................................92
12.3 Other main centres for audiovisual training ...............................................................93
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1. BASIC DATA
1.1 Institutions
Jordan – officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan – is a constitutional monarchy with at its
head king Abdullah II. Its first Constitution was proclaimed in 1952 by king Talal 1st.
According to the first article: ―The Hashemite kingdom of Jordan is an Arab, sovereign and
independent State. It is indivisible and inalienable and no part of its territory may be ceded.
The people of Jordan are part of the Arab nation and it has a parliamentary system of
government with a hereditary monarchy.‖1
With 6.4 million inhabitants in 2013, approx. 80% of whom live in urban areas, Jordan is one
of the smallest countries in the region. As its natural resources (and its water resources in
particular) are limited, with a low industrial base, the services sector is predominant
(representing approx. 70% of the GDP).
A great number of Jordanians are of Palestinian origin as Jordan is the only Arab State which
granted citizenship to Palestinians. Some Palestinians still live in various refugee camps
scattered throughout the West Bank and in northern Jordan (10 official Palestinian refugee
camps are located in Jordan). The United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) for
the Palestinian refugees is responsible for the wellbeing of the refugees, including their
health and education. Even though it is not a signatory to the UN Refugee Convention,
Jordan signed an agreement protocol with the UN High Commissioner for Refugees
concerning their treatment and asylum seekers.2
Within the same context, the conflicts and political upheavals in the other countries of the
region have affected the Kingdom which is carrying on with its tradition of hospitality towards
asylum seekers and refugees. Even though the number of Iraqis registered with the HCR in
Jordan is stable and amount to approx. 29.000, Jordan‘s resources are being strained due to
the increasing number of Syrian refugees fleeing from the violence in their country. At the
end of September 2012, over 102 000 Syrian refugees were registered with the HCR and
their numbers were increasing on a daily basis.3
The Jordanian government estimates the number of Syrian refugees in the country as in
excess of 540.000. On 23rd April 2013, it sent a request for help to the Humanitarian Aid and
Civil Protection department of the European Commission (ECHO) to respond to the crisis of
refugees in the country. In October last year the civil protection mechanism of the European
Union provided aid in kind (blankets, heating and ambulances) whereas ECHO‘s
humanitarian aid to Jordan increased up to a total of 61.5 million Euros.4
1.2 Points of reference
Jordan is a Middle Eastern country surrounded by Syria to the north, Iraq to the north-east,
Saudi Arabia to the east and to the south, and finally Israel and the West Bank to the West.
1
st
1 January 1952 Constitution, Digithèque MJP, http://mip.univ-perp.fr/constit/jo1952.htm. Versions in Arabic and English are
accessible
on
the
WIPO
site.
The
Constitution
of
The
Hashemite
Kingdom
of
Jordan,
1952,
http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/fr/text.jsp?file_id=227813
2
European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument, Jordan, Strategy Document 2007 – 2013, National Indicative
Programme 2007-2010, p.11; http://ec.europa.eu/world/enp/pdf/country/enpi_csp_nip_jordan_fr.pdf
3
Jordan- Operations profile – UNHCR; http://www.unhcr.fr/pages/4aae621d5c5.html
4
―EU supports health care of Syrian refugees in Jordan‖, EU Neighbourhood InfoCentre-An ENPI Project, 18-07-2013;
http://www.enpi-info.eu/mainmed.php?id=33979&id_type=1&lang_id=469
6
The main indicators of the World Bank1
Per Capita GDP, PPP
(USD current international )
2002
2003
2010
2011
3,540.0
3,690.0
5,800.0
5,930.0
5,0
5,2
6,0
6,2
9,584.2
10,197.8
26,425.4
28,840.2
5,8
4,2
2,3
2,6
72,3
72,4
73,3
Population, total (in millions)
GDP (USD current (in millions)
GDP annual growth PIB (%)
Life expectancy at birth years
Source: World Bank
1

Population: 6.474.051 (August 2013) according to the estimations of the Department
of Statistics2 ; 6.5 million in 2012 according to the 2012 UNFPA Report on the State
of the World Population3

Surface area: 91.860 km2

Birth rate: 2.65% (2012 estimation)

Demographic growth rate estimated at: 1.9 % (2010-2015)

In 2011, the age group between 15 and 19 years represented 10.97% of the
population; the male youth rate amounts to 51.5% and the urban population rate is
estimated at 82.6%.4

Level of illiteracy: 6.7%5

GDP (2012 estimation): 30.98 billion USD; GDP per capita (2012 estimation);
6.000 USD.

Growth rate (2011): 2.6%; unemployment rate (ILO) (2011): 12.3 %6

Ratio of the poor population depending on the national poverty threshold (% of the
population): 2008: 13.37

Currency/rate of exchange: Jordanian Dinar (JOD)8 1 JOD = 1.09783 EUR

The Kingdom‘s official language is Arabic. English is widely used in education and
the medias.
http://search.worldbank.org/data?qterm=Jordan&language=Fr&format=html& type exact=indicators
2
http://www.dos.gov.qov.jo/dos home a/main/index.htm
3
http://www.unfpa.org/webdav/site/global/shared/swp/2012/FR SWOP2012 Report.pdf
4
Department of Statistics, Jordan Statistical Yearbook 2011, http://www.dos.gov.jo/dos
a/Population A.pdf#=3
5
home
a/main/cd
yb2011/pdf
http:/www.dos.gov.jo/dos home a/main/jorfig/2011/10.pdf
6
According to the ―Présentation de la Jordanie‖ (Presentation of Jordan), Site of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/jordanie/presentation-de-la-jordanie/
7
http://donnees.banquemondiale.org/indicateur/SI.POV.NAHC
8
Here we use the code ISO 3c: JOD
7
1.3 Internal Policy
Shaken by the ―Arab Spring‖, the Kingdom has, since January 2011, been experiencing an
unprecedented social and political protestation movement whose amplitude has been
subdued compared with the different countries of the region. This movement is peaceful in
general but with occasional and localized clashes. The demonstrators‘ claims are both
economic and political1.
Even though the State has a Constitution since 1952 and the parties were re-established in
1989, political life is governed by the notables, businessmen and heads of tribes, and the
centre of political life is still incarnated by the king who holds executive power. Monarch of a
country whose borders had been traced by the English Mandatory Power, the king of Jordan
stands for the unity of a society with numerous social, ethnic and religious fractures and
subject to an explosive regional environment.
In order to dampen the wave of protestation triggered off in the Kingdom, king Abdallah II, on
Sunday 12 June 2011, started reforms leading to a parliamentary system. This reform was
elaborated by a commission which was set up by the government to try and respond to the
claims of the demonstrators who had assembled, for several weeks, in the wake of the
Tunisian and Egyptian movements2 “so that now there is a greater separation between the
legislative, executive and judicial power. These are only small measures but important ones
nevertheless”, explained the researcher Jallel Al Husseini.3
But between the shock wave of the Arab Spring and the kingdom‘s internal difficulties in a
context of a world crisis, political life in Jordan is struggling to have a proper structure. On 23
January 2013, the Jordanians had to renew their Parliament which had been dissolved in
October 2012 in a strained social- political context. The only structured Opposition party is
the Islamic Action Front capable of mobilizing numerous partisans and it called for the
boycotting of the 23 January elections where the loyalists were victorious.
―Due to the slow pace of political reforms and the deterioration of the standards of living,
dissatisfaction is perceptible in greater numbers of the Jordanian population……..Political life
is anemic in this very fragmented country, between the capital Amman and the governorates,
between the tribes, between native Jordanians and Jordanians-Palestinians, who are
themselves divided between an economic elite and the refugees in the camps or in the poor
quarters of the country’s big towns. The greatest demonstrations and riots seen in the last
two years are in fact epi-phenomena which no political force has managed to channel.―4
In addition to these political and social contestations, there was another one, less
spectacular but tenacious, in search of the freedom of the press. In Jordan the question of
the freedom of the press had furthermore given rise to mobilisation beyond the Jordanian
borders. In August, the American NGO for the defence of the citizens‘ right of access to the
Internet, Electronic Frontier Foundation, addressed the king to ask him not to censure the
access to sites. Mid-2012, behind the apparent calm, popular pressure continued weighing
on the Jordanian monarchy.5
1
―Presentation de la Jordanie ― (Presentation of Jordan), site of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, op.cit.
2
―The king of Jordan promised to accelerate democratic reforms‖, Le Monde.fr with AFP and Reuters.
13.06.2011,
http://www.lemonde.fr/proche-orient/article/2011/06/13/e-roi-de-jordanie-promet-d-accelerer-les-reformesdemocratiques 1535285 3218.html
3
Pierre Puchot, ―Yémen, Jordanie, Bahrein: ou en sont les mouvements révolutionnaires?‖ Grotius International Géopolitiques
de l‘humanitaire, 02.09.2012, http://www.grotius./fr/yemen-jordanie-bahrein-ou-en-sont-les-mouvements-revolutionnaires/
4
Laurent de Saint Périer. « Jordanie-Jalal Al Husseini : « La vie politique est anémique dans ce pays très fragmenté », Jeune
Afrique, 04/02/2013 : http://www.jeuneafrique.com/Article/ARTJAWEB20130204111604/
5
Jillian C. York, ―EFF to Jordanian Ministry of Information: Keep the Internet Open‖, Electronic Frontier Foundation‖, August 9,
2012, https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2012/08/eff-jordanian-ministry-information-keep-internet-open#footnote1
8
After the 23 January 2013 legislative elections, the government resigned. The Prime
Minister, Abdallah El Nsour, had his mandate renewed, but his government nominated on 30
March, had been greatly reshuffled. The State Minister for Information, the Minister of
Political and Parliamentary Affairs is Mohammed El Momani. Barakat Awajan is the minister
of Culture. Hatem El Halouani is the Minister of Telecommunications and Information
Technologies.
1.4 Jordan’s membership and that of its public audiovisual organisms of international
organizations active in the audiovisual sector
Jordan is a member of the United Nations and the different UN agencies which play a role in
the audiovisual domain, especially UNESCO, WIPO (World Intellectual Property
Organisation) and WTO (World Trade Organisation). The kingdom is also a member of
UNICT ( a UN specialized institution for information and communication technologies). It is
also a member of the Arab League, ALECSO and ISESCO (the Islamic Organisation for
Education, Sciences and Culture).
Jordan‘s Audiovisual Commission (AVC) is a member of RIRM – MNRA – the Mediterranean
Network of Regulatory Authorities.
The Jordanian public Television- Jordan Radio and Television (JRTV) is a member of:
-
ASBU : Arab States Broadcasting Union
EBU-UER: European Broadcasting Union
COPEAM: Permanent Conference of the Mediterranean Audiovisual Operators.
The Telecommunications Regulation Commission (TRC) is a member of:
-
AREGNET: Arab Regulators Network for Telecommunications & Information
Technologies
Jordan Media City (JMC) is a member of the World Teleport Association (WTA).
1.5 Rapprochement with the European institutions
1.5.1 European Union 1
The EU has a close partnership with Jordan which plays a role for moderation and reform in
a politically unstable region. The EU aims to support it in this domain.
The EU-Jordan relations mean close cooperation in the domain of democratic reforms and
the modernisation of the economy. The present content of these relations is defined in the
action plan adopted in line with the European neighbourhood policy. The Association
Agreement provides the legal basis for this.
The EU‘s mission is to help Jordan implement its internal reform process. The strategy and
the priorities concerning this aid are presented in the strategy document and the national
indicative programme.
1
Acording to the page ―European Union – External Action, consulted on 18 April 2013,
http://eeas.europa.eu/jordan/index fr.htm
9
Financial Assistance
Since 2007, the EU‘s financial assistance to Jordan stems mainly from the IEVP – ENPI –
the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument. In addition to this instrument,
Jordan is also eligible for a wide range of thematic budgetary lines from the EU.
The European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI) is the main financial
mechanism for the aid granted to Jordan, on a bilateral or regional basis. The pluri-annual
strategic framework of cooperation between the EU and Jordan has been set down in the
Country Strategy Document (CSD) which at present covers the 2007 – 2013 period. Within
the framework of the CSD, two national indicative programmes (NIP) define the priorities of
the EU-Jordan financial cooperation for the periods 2007 – 2010 and 2011- 2013.
As for the 2011-2013 NIP, the EU has allocated an indicative budget of 223 MEUR to
support Jordan in the following domains:
-
Democracy, human rights, medias and justice (45 MEUR)
Development of trade, enterprises and investments (40 MEUR),
Sustainable growth process (93 MEUR) and
Implementation of the action plan (45 MEUR).
The EU‘s financial assistance for Jordan within the framework of the NIP 2007 – 2010
amounted to 265 MEUR. It concentrated on four prioritary objectives:
-
Political reform and good governance (17 MEUR )
Development of trade, enterprise and investments (63 MEUR)
Sustainable growth process (55 MEUR) and
Strengthening of institutions and financial stability (130 MEUR).
On a regional level, the Barcelona Conference convened in November 1995 the 15 countries
of the European Union and the 12 Mediterranean partner countries, which led to the
Barcelona Declaration, an ambitious programme for dialogue, exchange and cooperation to
guarantee peace, stability and prosperity in the region. This unprecedented political
engagement covers the ―Politics and Security‖, ―Economic and Financial‖ and ―Social,
Cultural and Human‖ aspects. This bilateral partnership was established through an
association agreement with each Mediterranean partner and the European Union. The main
objectives of the Association Agreement are as follows:
-
Strengthening the political dialogue
Establishing the necessary conditions for the progressive liberalization for the
exchange of goods, services and capital,
Developing well balanced economic and social relations between the parties,
Supporting the South-South integration initiatives
Promoting cooperation in the economic, social, cultural and financial domains.
In October 2002, the EU and Jordan signed the first support Programme for the Association
Agreement (20 million EUR) instituting an association between the European Community
and its member States and the Hashemite Kingdom 1 Article 73 of the Agreement refers to
the promotion of cooperation and activities of common interest for the development of the
society of Information and Telecommunications. Article 85 refers to the promotion of cultural
1
EURO-MEDITERRANEAN AGREEMENT establishing an Association between the European Communities and their Member
States, of the one part, and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, of the other part;
http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/jordan/documents/eu_jordan/eu_jordan_assoc_agrmt.pdf
10
cooperation and the exchange of information, whilst at the same time establishing a
sustainable dialogue in the cultural sphere in a spirit of mutual respect for the cultures. This
cooperation aims to:
-
Conserve and restore the historical and cultural heritage (monuments, sites, objects,
rare books and manuscripts etc.)
Exchange of exhibitions and artists
Training of persons working in the domain of culture.
Respecting democratic principles and human rights also constitute an essential element of
the Association Agreements.
The Neighbourhood policy: a new framework for the future
In 2003, the European Union launched the neighbourhood policy which completes, specifies
and goes into greater depth about the Euro-Mediterranean partnership.
Through the European Neighbourhood Policy, the EU tries to avoid the creation of new lines
of division between the extended EU and its neighbours to the East and the southern and
eastern shores of the Mediterranean. The European Neighbourhood policy goes beyond the
existing relations to offer a political relationship and greater economic integration, thus
strengthening the stability, security and wellbeing of all concerned. This relationship is based
on a mutual engagement to promote common values, such as:
-
Respecting the rules of law
Good governance
Respect of human rights
Promotion of good neighbourhood relations
Market economy
Sustainable development.
These ideas are crystallized through differentiated Action Plans, which are established jointly
by the EU and each of the partner countries, taking into account the specificities of each one
of them. These Action Plans define a programme of political and economic reforms with short
and medium term priorities.
Elaborated within the framework of the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument
ENPI, the Strategy Document per country1 provides a framework within which the aid of the
EC will be available to Lebanon during the 2007-201311 period. It states the objectives of
cooperation, the political response and the EU prioritary cooperation domains founded on an
in-depth evaluation of the country‘s political agenda and its political and socio-political
situation2.
Jordan participated in the Euro-Mediterranean ministerial conference for Culture in May 2008
in Athens and confirmed the ―Strategy for the Development of the Euro-Mediterranean
Audiovisual Cooperation‖3 developed within the framework of the Euromed Audiovisual II
1
European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument-Jordan, Strategy Document per country 2007-2013 and the National
Indicative Programme 2007-2010, EU. http://ec.europa.eu/world/enp/pdf/country/enpi csp nip jordan fr.pdf
2
For more information on the development of the neighbourhood policy with Jordan, see Implementation of the European
Neighbourhood Policy in Jordan; Progress in 2011 and recommendations for action‖, Joint Staff Working Docum ent,
Accompanying the document Joint Communication to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and
Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, European Commission , Brussels, 15.05.2012;
http://ec.europa.eu/world/enp/docs/2012 enp pack/progress report jordan en.pdf
3
Strategy for the development of the Euro-Mediterranean audiovisual cooperation, 2008, Euromed Audiovisual II, EuromedEuropean Commission http://www.euromedaudiovisuel.net/Files/2008/12/11/1229005879810.pdf
11
Programme. As for the audiovisual cooperation with the European Union, Jordan was the
partner of the first two Euromed Audiovisual Programmes and is at present the partner of the
Euromed Audiovisual III Programme (2011-2013)1.
Access to the MEDIA MUNDUS Programme
The MEDIA MUNDUS Programme of the European Union was adopted through decision
1041/2009/EC of the EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND Council on 21 October 2009 setting
up an audiovisual cooperation programme with the professionals of third countries (MEDIA
MUNDUS) 2 with a budget of 15 million Euros for a 3 -year- period (2011 – 2013), this new
programme aims to strengthen cultural cooperation and commercial ties between the
European Cinematography industry and that of third countries. It comes after the
International MEDIA preparatory programme. Its implementation responds to a strong
demand from the different audiovisual stakeholders to facilitate and strengthen cooperation
between the European countries and third countries
The MEDIA MUNDUS programme supports projects in the following domains:
-
Support for training: capacity building of the professionals in Europe and in third
countries.
Support for market access to contribute to the financing of projects meant to promote
access of audiovisual works to international markets. These projects refer to the
development phases and/or pre-production (for example the international market of
co-productions) and upstream activities (namely events which facilitate the
international sale of the works).
-
Aid for distribution and circulation: to enhance the distribution, promotion, projection
and dissemination, under optimal conditions, of European works on the markets of
the third countries and the audiovisual works of the third countries in Europe.
-
Cross-cutting activities: to contribute towards the financing of cross-cutting projects
covering several priorities of the programme, for example, training sessions followed
by promotional events during co-production meetings3.
To be eligible for financing through MEDIA MUNDUS, the projects must be proposed and
implemented jointly by European professionals and the professionals of third countries with
the aim of promoting the creation of networks on an international level.
The future creative Europe Programme
On 25th November 2011 the European Commission adopted its Proposition for a Regulation
of the European Parliament and the Council establishing the creative 4 Europe Programme.
This proposition was the object of a first ―Global Approach‖ adopted by the Council of
Ministers on 10th May 2012.
1
Programme Euromed Audiovisual III (2011-2013), http://www.euromedaudiovisuel.net/p.aspx?t=general&mid=85&I=fr
2
See: Decisions adopted jointly by the European Parliament and the Council, Decision No. 1041/2009/EC of the EUROPEAN
PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL on 21 October 2009 setting up the audiovisual cooperation programme with the
professionals of third countries (MEDIA MUNDUS);
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:288:0010.0017.FR.PDF
3
http://register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/12/st09/st09097.en12.pdf
4
http://ec.europa.eu/culture/creative-europe/documents/proposal-regulation_fr.pdf
12
The ―Creative Europe‖ programme should have a global budget of approx. 1.3 billion Euros
for the 2014-2020 period, representing an increase of nearly 9% compared with the existing
MEDIA and Culture programmes. The new programme is subject to a final approval by the
European Parliament and the Council during August 2013.
Article 16 of the proposition of the Commission makes provisions for the accessibility to the
future Programme of the countries coming under the European neighbourhood policy (of
which Jordan is a part), according to modalities defined with these countries in the
framework-agreements which refer to their participation in the programmes of the Union. This
participation would be possible provided that the required conditions are complied with,
including, for the MEDIA aspect, those conditions established by directive 2010/13/EU of the
European Parliament and the Council of 10 March 2012 aiming at the coordination of some
of the legislative, regulatory and administrative provisions of the member States pertaining to
the supply of audiovisual media services, through the disbursement of additional credits.
1.5.2. The Council of Europe
Jordan is part of the countries included in the neighbourhood policy of the Council of Europe
set up in 2011. A document entitled ―2012-2014 Priorities for Jordan within the framework of
cooperation with the neighbourhood‖ was established by the Secretariat of the Council of
Europe in May 20121; the short term prioritary domains concern constitutional justice,
legislation and electoral practices, independence and efficacy of the judicial system and the
organisation of seminars on the Conventions of the Council of Europe. Freedom of
expression, freedom of the medias and the relationships between social medias and youth
are part of the medium term domains of action:
1. Freedom of expression/freedom of the medias
The Council of Europe could promote the elaboration of legal and institutional guarantees for
the freedom of expression, better quality journalism and a pluralist media landscape for
traditional and new medias, in conformity with the European and international standards,
through the following means:
- Assistance concerning the regulatory framework of the freedom of expression and the
medias. The first questions which would be dealt with pertain to the regulation of new
medias
- Support for the implementation of the regulatory framework pertaining to the medias
and self-regulation.
- Capacity building activities for journalists. The questions to be dealt with as a priority
could be: the training of journalists on the media coverage of elections (activity to be
undertaken under the aegis of the Venice Commission): joint training for the medias
and the police. Initially the assistance could be give through the Jordanian Institute of
the Medias.
The Council of Europe could also help to promote ethical and tolerant journalism and react
effectively to the violations of the law and ethics, including incitements to hatred.
2. Social medias/youth
The Internet, interactive platforms and networks have transformed the environment of the
medias and of communication, which are considered as having real perspectives of
emancipation. But at the same time, these platforms have strengthened the capacity of
hateful and racist organized groups to get through to the public. In this new communication
1
https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=1937345&Site=COE
13
environment, it is wise to ensure the positive utilisation of information and communication
technologies to offset the discourse of hate and to promote a culture of tolerance and
understanding, gender equity and the viability of democracy. The key stakeholders to
develop the positive utilisation potential are the youth.
Jordan could participate in the Council of Europe project, ―Youth against the online discourse
of hate‖ which aims to provide the young and youth organisations with the motivation, skills
and the necessary means to recognize and to combat the online violations of human rights.
This project is based on the engagement and determination of young bloggers and cybermilitants of human rights to prepare and mobilize other young people against all online forms
of racism and discourse of hate.
To build more democratic and more solidary societies, it is essential for youth to actively
participate in decisions and actions. Participating and being an active citizen means having
the right, the means and the possibility of participating in decisions, influencing decisionmaking and engaging in actions and activities to contribute to the construction of a better
society. Thus the Council of Europe could train youth animators as well as officers –incharge and the staff of non governmental youth organisations and students organisations so
that they could be taught about human rights, intercultural dialogue, participation of youth
and education on democratic citizenship.
An intermediate implementation report of June 2013 from the Secretariat of the Council of
Europe points out that no concrete request has been received hitherto from the Jordan
authorities concerning the last two propositions1.
The European audiovisual observatory, extended partial agreement of the Council of Europe,
is involved, as a service provider, in the present data collection project of the Euromed
Audiovisual III Programme of the European Union.
1
Jordan Cooperation priorities with the neighbourhood Implementation provisional report. Document prepared by the
Secretariat of the Council of Europe. https://wcd.coe.int.ViewDoc.jsp?id=2080529&Site=CM
14
2. TELECOMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURES DEVELOPMENT
2.1 Telecommunications Regulatory Commission (TRC)
Created by the Law on Telecommunications No. 13 in 1995 1, the Telecommunications
Regulatory Commission (TRC) is the entity responsible for regulating the market of
telecommunications and information technologies in Jordan. The TRC is a body quite
independent from the Ministry of Telecommunication and Information Technologies (MoICT)
but respects the government‘s general policy in exercising its functions.
The TRC‘s mission is to set up a regulatory framework likely to establish a competitive
telecommunications market and to ensure the different services at affordable prices for a
wide section of the Jordanian population.
2.2 Data on the telecommunications market
As for digital radio broadcasting, the TRC is responsible for regulating cable TV, IPTV,
mobile TV and the Audiovisual Commission (AVC) for digital land-based Hertzian television
and also via satellite with direct home reception. The AVC is also responsible for the radio
and audiovisual sector. It is in charge for radio and TV broadcasting inside and outside the
country.
The following table gives the entities responsible for the five relevant domains identified
within the framework of regional initiatives for the Arab States region and which had been
adopted by the CMDT-10 - WTDC-10 (World Communication Development Conference)
organized by the ITU (International Telecommunications Union).
Jordanian entity per regional initiative:
Responsible national entity
Access to broadband networks
TRC
Digital Radio broadcasting
TRC, AVC
Open source code softwares
MoICT
Digital contents in Arabic
Cybersecurity
National Information Technologies Centre
MoICT
Source :ICT Adoption and prospects in the Arab States region 2012, ITU, Geneva, p.71 ;
http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-d/opb/ind/D-IND-AR-2012-PDF-F.pdf
1
Law on telecommunications No. 13 of 1995 and its amendments.
http://www.trc.gov.jo/index.php?option=com content&task=view&id=144&land=Arabic
15
Fixed line telephone markets
At the end of 2011, Orange was the country‘s only RTPC-PSTN (Public Switched telephone
network) service operator. Direct inward dialing services (DID) had been proposed by
several VoIP operators, such as Viacloud, Batelco, Tarasol, Orange, Zain, MetroBeam,
(Kulacom) and XOL (Mada). The other competitors proposed prepaid phone cards. Orange
Jordan had an overall figure of 3.5 million clients at the end of 2011, an increase of 17.6%
compared with 20101
Subscriptions to fixed phone in Jordan, 2012
T1
T2
T3
T4
Fixed phone subscriptions (thousands)
419,533
416,512
407,846
400,082
Rate of penetration
6.7%
6.6%
6.4%
6.3%
Source: Telecommunications Regulatory Commission (TRC), Telecoms market statistics
http://www.trc.gov.jo/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1942%20&Itemid=1228
2012
-
Mobile phone market
The Jordanian mobile phone market is divided between three GSM operators : the historical
operator, Zain, Orange and Umniah. There is strong competition between these three
operators.
The Jordanian mobile phone services company (JMTS/ Zain) was founded in September
1995 and obtained its operating licence for 15 years. Competition started in 2000 with the
arrival of MobileCom (today known under the name of Orange) and intensified in June 2004
with the emergence on the market of Xpress (the operator of the iDEN networks),and then, in
2005, of Umniah. Orange Mobile launched its 3G services in March 2010. A year later, Zain
Jordan started providing its HSPA+/3G2
At the end of 2012, the total number of mobile phone subscriptions amounted to 8, 9 million,
representing a 140% rate of penetration. During the first six months of 2012, the number of
mobile phone subscriptions increased by 10%, representing, at the end of June 2012, a
figure of 8 340 928, which is a penetration rate of 132%. The following table shows the
adoption of mobile telephones in Jordan.
Mobile phone subscriptions in Jordan - 2012
T1
T2
T3
T4
Mobile phone subscriptions
7 758 698
8 340 928
8 767 564 8 984 252
Penetration rate
123%
132%
138%
140%
Source: Telecommunications Regulatory Commission (TRC)
1
2
http://www.orange.com/fr/groupe/notre-presence/pays/les-activites-du-Groupe-en-Jordanie
ICT adoption and prospects in the Arab region in 6the Arab States region 2012, op.cit
16
Number of mobile phone subscriptions in detail per company - 2012
Company name
Postpaid
Prepaid
Total
Zain
454 184
2 920 677
3 374 861
Orange
218 960
2, 966, 138
3 185 098
Umniah
67 259
2 294 969
2 362 228
FRiENDi
0
62 065
62 065
740 403
8 243 849
8 984 252
Total
Source:http://www.trc.gov.jo/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2335&lang=arabic
Broadband Internet market
The Jordanian Internet market is competitive. At the end of November 2011, Jordan had 16
suppliers of operational Internet services providing ADSL services: Orange/Jordan Telecom,
FAI Zain, Umniah/Batelco, MEC, NEXT, Cyberia, TEdata, Sama, Tarasol, JCS, Nuegroup,
Kulacom, Blink, Mada Jordan, LaSilkee and VTEL. Out of these 16 providers of ADSL
Internet services, seven proposed leased line services ; namely Orange/Jordan Telecom,
Zain FAI, Cyberia, Sama, Kulacom, Blink et LaSilkee. Cinq FAI proposed WiMAX services:
Umniah/ Batelco, Wi-Tribe, Kulacom, Mada Jordan and The Blue Zone. The operators of the
WiMAX systems are authorized to provide fixed voice services using the WiMAX technology.
JSC,
Damamax
and
Vtel
provide
broadband
services
using
fiber
optics1.
In March 2013, Orange Jordan declared that the introduction of the 4G technology was not
necessary for the country. According to the Managing Director of Orange Jordan, JeanFrançois Thomas « 3G technology meets the current needs in the country and it was
launched a few years ago... the focus should be on introducing further improvements to 3G
technology»2.
At the end of 2012, the total number of subscriptions to the high speed Internet (ADSL)
amounted to 4 260 000 with an estimated rate of penetration of 67%. Broadband
subscriptions amounted to 691,619, corresponding to a rate of penetration of 17%.
Broadband Internet subscriptions in Jordan – 2012.
Indicator
Internet users
Internet penetration rate
Dial-up
High speed subscription (ADSL)
Wi-Max
Leased Line
Cable TV
Mobile broadband
Total
Rate of penetration
Measurement
Unit
in millions
%
in millions
%
T1
T2
T3
T4
3 344
53%
18 132
201 070
105 071
977
3 005
350 627
678 882
3 535
56%
10 626
204 395
96 923
1,070
3 081
427 641
743 736
4 029
63%
9 240
198 003
106 843
1,018
3 171
556 557
874 832
4 260
67%
828
192 738
103 198
923
3 434
691 619
992 740
11%
12%
14%
17%
Source: Telecommunications Regulatory Commission (TRC), Telecoms market statistics 2012-op.cit.
1
2
Ibid
Orange Jordan not planning to introduce 4G, AME Info.com, The ultimate Middle East Buisness resource, March 10 – 2013,
http://www.ameinfo.com/orange-jordan-planning-introduce-4g-332695
17
Telecoms market statistics (T1-T2/2013)
Number of fixed line subscriptions
At home
Business
Total
Penetration rate / population
Number of mobile phone subscriptions
Postpaid
Prepaid
Total
Rate of penetration/ population
Internet users
Number of users
Rate of penetration/ population
Internet subscriptions
Dial-up
Broadband subscriptions (ADSL)
Wi-Max
Leased Line
CableTV
Mobile broadband
Total
Rate of penetration/population
T1
252 788
140 081
392 869
6.1%
T1
730 051
8 745 120
9 475 171
147%
T1
4 435 144
69%
T1
588
193 553
109 125
1 204
3 750
812 717
1 120 937
17.4%
T2
249 774
138 255
388 029
6.0%
T2
726 830
9 228 962
9 955 792
150%
T2
4 641 916
70%
T2
685
191 503
103 184
1 381
4 206
988 774
1 289 733
19.0%
Source :http://www.trc.gov.jo/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2597&Itemid=1228
Access to broadband1 networks
Four commercial technologies of broadband access are at present on sale on the Jordanian
market: DSL, FTTx, WiMAX and GSM 3G (UMTS/ HSPA).
Furthermore, in addition to the broadband networks used at present by commercial
operators, MoICT is setting up throughout the country, a national broadband network (NBN).
This is an open access network set up by the Jordanian government to respond to the
increasing traffic demand linked to the faster pace of dissemination of this technology which
made it possible to connect over 600 public schools and universities as well as 58
governmental entities. Several health centres and « information stations » in the country
have also been connected to a fiber optics network based on the IP/Ethernet technologies.
Other projects are at present being examined and which aim to use this network in order to
support the private sector in Jordan.
Digital Radiobroadcasting
The Audiovisual Commission (AVC) and the TRC are the two entities responsible for
regulating the digital radio broadcasting market in Jordan. In April 2013 there were 28 private
providers and a public satellite services provider. (See the section on public and private
satellite channels). The following table gives more details about the digital radio broadcasting
technologies in Jordan.
1
ICT Adoption and prospects in the Arab region, op.cit.
18
Digital radio broadcasting technologies in Jordan, April 2013
Digital radio
broadcasting
technology
State of the market
Services providers
Entity responsible for
regulating the service
Land-based digital TV
Non operational
N/D
AVC
DTH by satellite
Operational
1pubic channel and 28
private channels*
AVC
IPTV
Operational
Orange Jordan
TRC and AVC
TV mobile (IP based )
Operational
Orange Jordan
TRC
TV mobile (DVB)
Non operational
N/D
TRC
Note: * The satellite DTH services providers designate the channels and not the radio broadcasters or the operators (a radio
broadcaster/operator can be running more than one channel). The data include free channels and correspond to April 2011.
Source: Arab Advisors Group, National regulators cited in « ICT Adoption prospects the Arab region 2012, op.cit.
The ITU (RRC-06) radiocommunications regional conference in Geneva in June 2006
adopted a plan for land-based digital radio broadcasting concerning 116 countries (mainly in
Africa and in Europe), in the 174–230 MHz and 470–862 MHz frequency bands. This plan
(known as the Plan GE06), has set the date of 17 June 2015, at the latest, as the deadline
for stopping analogue transmissions (for some countries using certain frequency bands the
deadline has been set for 17 June 2020). The Arab countries are part of Plan GE06. They
are thus getting ready to migrate from analogue radio broadcasting to land-based digital
broadcasting. The plan retained for migrating to digital radio broadcasting in this region is
presented in the table below.1
Switching away from the analogue system in Jordan is scheduled for 2015.
Algeria
Mobile television radio
broadcasting Service
(IP/ DVB based)
Not available
Bahreïn
Available
Available
Planned
2013
Available
Available
Available
Available
Not available
Available
Not available
Available
Available
Not available
Available
Available
Not available
Not available
Disponible
Available
Not available
Planned
Not available
Available
Not available
Available
Not available
Not available
Available
Not available
Not available
Available
Available
Not available
Not available
Not available
Available
Not available
Planned
availabale
Planned
Not available
Not available
Not available
available
Available
Planned
Not available
Not available
available
Available *
Planned
Available
Planned
Not available
2015
Unclear
2015
2015
2015
2015
unclear
2015
2015
uncertain
uncertain
2015
2015
2014
2015
2013
2015
Country
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Koweït
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Palestinian Authority
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Sudan
Syrian Arab Republic
Tunisia
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
IPTV service
Land-based digital radio
broadcasting Service
Switch date
from analogue
Available
Planned
2014
* According to available information
Source: Arab Advisors Group, cited in Migration from analog TV to digital TV : Overview of the situation in the Arab States region , ITU
News, Nº 2 2012; https://itunews.itu.int/Fr/2371-Passage-de-la-television-analogique-a-la-television-numerique.note.aspx
1
See Switch from analogue to digital television: the big picture of the Arab region, ITU News, No 2 2012
19
In cooperation with the European Union and within the framework of the Jordan-EU twinning
project in the telecommunications1 sector, the TRC organized a workshop on « terrestrial
digital television and optimal use of the digital dividend‖, on the 3 and 4 July 2010, in
Amman.2
The workshop was part of the permanently deployed efforts of the Jordanian authorities to
accelerate the implementation of the switch from analog to the digital3
3. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND OF
TELEVISION
3.1 Information and Communication Institutional framework
Article 15 of the 1952 Constitution guarantees the freedom of expression and of the press 4:
(i)The State must guarantee the freedom of opinion. Each Jordanian must be free to
express his opinion in words, in writing or through photographic representation and other
forms of expression, within the limits of the law.
(ii)Freedom of the press and publications must be ensured within the limits of the law.
(iii) The publication of newspapers is not to be suspended or their licences withdrawn,
except in conformity with the provisions of the law.
(iv) If martial law is declared or a state of emergency, limited censure of the newspapers,
brochure, books and transmissions in affairs affecting public security or national defence
security may be imposed by law.
(v) Control of the newspapers’ resources is to be regulated by law.
3.2. Ministry of Information and Communication
The Ministry of Information was abolished in 2002 and replaced in 2005 by the State Ministry
for Information and Communication. At the beginning it was annexed to the Ministry of
Culture before acquiring, in 2007, the status of an independent State Ministry.
The Ministry is in charge of regulating the functioning of the medias in Jordan, namely the
JRTV and the Jordanian press agency. The press office affiliated to the Ministry grants
licences to Arab and foreign medias operating in the kingdom. 5
1
The Jordan EU twinning project in the telecommunications sector is part of the third support programme for the Association
Agreement (Jordan-UE signed in 2009. In accordance with this programme, five twinning projects were implemented in the
following areas: agriculture, telecommunications, conformity assessment and acceptance of industrial products, cadastral
system and capacity building for the gendarmerie directorate. : http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/where/neighbourhood/countrycooperation/jordan/jordan_fr.htm
2
Workshop
on
―Digital
Terrestrial
Television
and
Optimal
use
of
http://www.trc.gov.jo/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2503&lang=english
the
Digital
Dividend‖,
TRC;
3
Summary of ―Digital Terrestrial Television and Optimal use of the Digital Dividend Workshop‖;
4
The Constitution of The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan 1952,, http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/fr/text.jsp?file_id=227814
5
Jordan Media Monitor - JMM
20
3.2. Law on the press and publication
Law No. 8 of 1998 on the press and publications determines the conditions of exercising
freedom of the press and the status of journalists1.
The impact of the « Arab Spring » of 2011 was felt in Jordan through the multiplication of
articles and the electronic press, giving a feeling of greater freedom for the journalists. The
freedom of expression was debated at a meeting on ―Modern Media and Future Challenges,‖
organized by the Amman Private University in June 2011.2 However, from the end of 2011,
the Centre for Defending the Freedom of Journalists (CDFJ) expressed its concerns. The
Centre for Defending the Freedom of Journalists published in September 2012 a report
highlighting the increasing repression of journalists and cameramen by the police and
Jordanian3 parliamentarians. And yet, in May 2013, Nidal Mansour, chairman of the CDJF,
admitted that since the Arab Spring, the freedom of journalists had made progress 4. A report
of the Jordan Press Association published in 2013 indicates that a large majority of the
sector‘s professionals believe that they are working in a very free environment 5.
However, the adoption in August 2012 by the government of a draft law reforming the 1998
law was denounced by the journalists and by Reporters without Borders as a threat to restrict
the rights of the journalists6. One of the aspects questioned in particular is the obligation of
web site editors to obtain a licence. In principle this law came into force in January 2013, but
the editors refused to follow the procedure of obtaining a licence, which led to the blocking of
247 out of the 400 existing information sites by the director of the Press and Publication
Department7.
At the 62nd World Congress of the International Press Institute in Amman in May 2013, king
Abdullah reaffirmed the importance of the professional and accountable medias in defining
the future, by supporting the process of reforms. 8
3.3 Laws pertaining to the audiovisual sector
3.3.1 Law n°35 of 2000
Even though the Jordanian public television (JTV) started transmitting in 1968, it is only in
2000 that a public law was promulgated to regulate the radio and national television.
1
Law No. (8), for the Year 1998 Press and Publications Law: http://www.jpa.jo/english/JPALaw.aspx
2
Despite challenges, Jordan can excel in media field – Odwan‖, The Jordan Times, 6 June 2011
3
24 assaults against journalists registered over past four months – report », The Jordan Times, 17 September 2012
http://jordantimes.com/24-assaults-against-journalists-registered-over-past-four-months----report
4
Jordan‘s media gained from Arab Spring, but more is needed‖, The Jordan Times, 4 May 2013.
5
Jordanian media ―free‖- JPA survey‖, The Jordan Times, 24 June 2013. http://jordantimes.com/jordanian-media-free----jpasurvey
6
Dismay after Government approve repressive Media Bill‖, Reporters without Borders, 30 August 2012http://en.rsf.org/jordandismay-after-government-approves-30-08-2012.43300.html
7
Activists threaten escalatory measures against gov‘t decision‖, The Jordan Times, 8 June 2013, http://jordantimes.com/newswebsites-journalists-protest-against-govt-move-to-enforce-amended-press-lawhttp://jordantimes.com/activists-threatenescalatory-measures-against-govt-decision
News websites‘ journalists protest against gov‘t move to enforce amended press law, The Jordan Times, 3 June 2013,
http://jordantimes.com/news-websites-journalists-protest-against-govt-move-to-enforce-amended-press-law
8
―King meets IPI Executive Director‖, News Release Media & Communication Directorate Royal Hashemite Court (Jordan), 23
May 2013, http://kingabdullah.jo/index.php/en US/news/view/id/10899/videoDisplay/1.html;
―Responsible media are partners in shaping Jordan‘s future—King‖, The Jordan Times, 23 May 2013,
http://jordantimes.com/responsible-media-are-partners-in-shaping-jordans-future----king
21
This law No. 35 of 20001 set up a public institution called « mu‘asassat al iza‘a wal television
al-urdunnya » (Jordanian Institution for radio and television) which manages the country‘s
public radio and television. According to article 3 of law 35 of the year 2000, the institution
enjoys administrative and financial 2 independence.
The same public institution is also regulated by law No. 71 of 2002.
3.3.2 Law No. 71 of 20023
Law No. 71 of 2002 which set up the Audiovisual Commission – AVC), regulates the
audiovisual, both the public and the private sector in Jordan.
3.4 Censorship regime applicable to films and audiovisual works
The censorship dept. of the Audiovisual Commission (AVC) (see below) is the body acting as
censor in Jordan. The Dept. exercises a prior control over the films to be shown within the
Hashemite kingdom.
Censorship is regulated by regulation No. 63 of 2004 (Regulation for the control and approval
of audiovisual works) promulgated in conformity with article 26 and para. c of article 32 of the
audiovisual law No. 71 of 20024. According to article 4 of this Regulation, any work subjected
to censorship must fall under the following prohibitions².
-
Causing prejudice to His Majesty the King and the royal family
Infringing one of the monotheistic religions
Not to include any seditious material or that which promotes racism, sectarianism or
against the safety and security of the State.
Not to include any sensational, pornographic material or that which promotes violence
or criminality, deviation or abuse of public order and public morality.
Article 10 of the same regulation gives the Commission‘s director general the right, if reasons
are justifiable, to cancel the authorisation to show a work (whether it be a work produced
locally or imported).
The owner of the work is obliged to stop the projection as soon as he is aware of the facts
and to export it within ten days. Furthermore, the Commission has the right to confiscate the
work and to destroy it. There is very little information about the implementation of these
measures. But there does not seem to be a major problem for national productions5. There
is however, a censorship problem with the importation of Western films especially linked to
1
The Arabic text of law n°35 of 2000 can be found on : http://www.lob.gov.jo/ui/laws/search_no.jsp?no=35&year=2000
2
Olga Del Rio Sanchez, La mission de service public audiovisuel dans la région Maghreb/Machrek, Institut Panos Paris et
Observatoire Méditerranéen de la Communication, mai 2012; (Olga Del Rio Sanchez, The audiovisual public service mission in
the Maghreb/Machrek region, Institute Panos Paris and the Mediterranean Communication Observatory, May 2012)
http://www.academia.edu/2134048/LA_MISSION_DE_SERVICE_PUBLIC_AUDIOVISUEL_DANS_LA_REGION_MAGHREB_M
ASHREK
3
Provisional
Law
No.
(71)
for
the
year
2002,
Audiovisual
Media
http://www.euromedaudiovisuel.net/Files/2010/03/26/1269563837472.pdf?1269563857670.
The Arabic
version
of
the
law
is
accessible
on
the
Petra
Jordanian
press
agency
http://www.petra.gov.jo/public/Arabic.aspx?Lang=1&Page_Id=1096&Menu_ID=35&Site_ID=2
Law:
site)
4
The Arabic version of Regulation No. 63 of 2004 (Regulation for the control and approval of audiovisual works) promulgated in
conformity with article 26 and para. c of article 32 of the audiovisual law No. 71 of 2002 is accessible on the Audiovisual
Commission site) http:// www.avc.gov.jo/bylawrec.html
5
For example, the film team of Transit Cities, produced in 2010, recognizes that censorship has not been a big
problem)« Homeward
bound:
Jordanian
movie
Transit
Cities‖,
Gulfnew;com,
16
December
2010,
http://m.gulfnews.com/homeward-bound-jordanian-movie-transit-cities-1.730765
22
issues of representing nudity. Thus in 2006, « The Da Vinci Code » was forbidden in Jordan
and in other Arab countries1
Dina Mansour wrote: « Surprisingly, as this is about a non-Moslem religion, the book and the
film (The Da Vinci Code, Ron Howard, 2006 ) were immediately forbidden in the Arab and
Moslem countries in the region – including in Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Iran and the Lebanon –
because, as explained by the Secretary General of the Jordanian Council of Churches,
Archbishop Hanna Nour, « (they ) infringe on the Christian and Moslem religious symbols
and question what is written in the Gospels and the Koran on the person of Christ.‖ In fact, in
the Arab and Moslem world, the question of religion is taboo. The Da Vinci Code, like many
other foreign films and the films produced locally, represent the constant shock between art
and culture which characterizes the Arab societies which are so deeply influenced by cultural
and religious traditions2 ».
At the beginning of June 2013, a feature film « Hamilton – In the Interest of the Nation », a
Jordano-Swedish co-production, was shown on the occasion of the celebration of the
Swedish national day at the Al Hussein Cultural Centre (HCC). Some scenes had been
censored before the film was shown and this gave rise to a controversy and considerable
reaction in Jordan. Furthermore, according to the Jordan Times, due to a last minute
decision, some scenes were censored whilst the film was being shown triggering off debates
on the freedom of expression and cultural sensitivities on the social medias.
Justifying the elimination of these scenes before showing the film, the Director of the Centre,
Abdul Hadi Raji Majali, declared to the Jordan Times : We discovered that the film included
some scenes which are unsuitable for the general audience and where the nudity
transgresses the rules of our centre‖. The executive producer of this Jordano-Swedish coproduction, Johan Mardell, expressed his thoughts on this potential censorship before the
film was shown. Commenting on the historical and cultural differences between Europe and
the Middle East, Mardell said « « violence could have been left un-censored because of the
history of the region which has been marked by wars and conflicts, whereas some of the
most intimate scenes can be censored3‖.
3.6 The Audiovisual Commission 4
The Audiovisual Commission (AVC) had been created by the audiovisual law (law No. 71 of
2002) so as to function as a regulation mechanism with a financial and administrative
dependence status.
1
“Egypt, Lebanon and Jordan. Where
http://www.resetdoc.org/story/00000000056
The
Da
Vinci
Code
Scares‖,
ResetDoc,
17
November
2006,
2
Mansour, Dina. ―Egyptian Film Censorship: Safeguarding Society, Upholding Taboos‖. Alphaville: Journal of Film and Screen
Media 4 (Winter 2012) ; http://www.alphavillejournal.com/Issue%204/HTML/ArticleMansour.html
4 Gaelle Sundelin, ―Censored Swedish movie stirs controversy‖, the Jordan Times, Jun 08,2013
http://jordantimes.com/censored-swedish-movie-stirs-controversy
3
Ibid.
4
http://www.avc.gov.jo
23
The 2002 audiovisual law, article 3, is in direct contradiction with the status of this Jordanian
authority, as, on the one hand, it enjoys financial and administrative independence, and on
the other hand, it is linked both financially and administratively to the Ministry of Information 1
Article 4 defines the basic tasks which the authority must carry out :
 Examine requests for licences
 monitoring the functioning of operators holders of licences
 granting of licences for the different audiovisual equipment used in television broadcasting
in coordination with the telecommunications regulation committee
 approval of the offices of correspondents of the radio and television stations by virtue of a
special decree
Nowhere does the article mention public medias inasfar as the prerogatives of the Authority
refer only to the operators who hold licences (article 4).
As for the power to grant licences, the Authority, through its director, sends its
recommendations to the Minister of Information and informs him of the approval in principle
or the rejection of the request. The Council of Ministers, on the basis of the Minister‘s
recommendation, can then grant, renew or reject a licence request (article 16 ). In addition
to the fact that the Council of Ministers has the last word concerning the granting of a licence,
it can refuse granting a licence without having to explain its motivation or justifying its
decision, and without the applicant being given the possibility of appealing against the
decision. Article 18 is very clear and categorical on that topic: ―The Council of Ministers has
the right to refuse a licence to anyone without having to explain the motivations for its
decision ».
According to article 6 of law 2002, the Jordanian regulation authority comprises a director
and an executive unit. The director is nominated by the Council of Ministers at the
recommendation of the Minister of Information. The Council of Ministers also determines the
salaries and social benefits. The director is at the same time the president of the executive
unit of the authority composed of employees and contractual staff. The law does not give any
further details about the number of members to be nominated, the duration of their mandate,
the required professional criteria and the circumstances under which the mandates may be
terminated. The law article mentions only that, for the contractual staff, the nominations,
salaries, promotions, rights and duties must be determined through the internal rules and
regulations.
Article 8 enumerates the duties of the director and clearly shows that in fact he plays an
auxiliary role vis-à-vis the Minister of Information: « the director is responsible to the Minister
for all the activities of the authority ».
By virtue of the 2002 law, the authority‘s mandate is to examine the complaints submitted by
a licence holder in the audiovisual domain against another person in the same domain,
against the telecommunications sector or vice-versa; it is also its duty to adopt adequate
procedures and to make appropriate decisions in this respect in coordination with the
specialized authorities, excepting financial issues (article 8 para. K)2.
By 03/09/2010, the Commission had granted 43 licences to private television channels, 42 of
which were operational. In February 2013 the Commission gave us an updated directory
which included 38 channels,(See section 5.1 The number of channels established in Jordan).
1
Olga Del Rio Sanchez, La mission de service public audiovisuel dans la région Maghreb/Machrek, Institut Panos Paris et
Observatoire Méditerranéen de la Communication, op.cit.
2
Provisional Law No. (71) for the year 2002, Audiovisual Media Law, op.cit
24
3.6.1 Recommendation of June 2013
On 5 June 2013, the Jordanian Parliament voted a recommendation of the Parliamentary
Administrative Committee to abolish the Department for Press and Publications and
Audiovisual Commission to merge them into one organism entitled « Medias Organism ».
This organism will be founded after the ratification of the draft law on the restructuring of the
institutions and governmental constituencies. The interventions of the parliamentarians
supported the idea of a merger and the establishment of a Medias Organism regrouping the
two institutions.
This resolution was made two days after the decision of the Dept. of Publication and the
Press to block 292 internet sites which had not obtained a licence.
Until August 2013, the Jordanian Parliament site published online all the Jordanian laws
promulgated and enforced but did not include the law pertaining to the merger of the two
media institutions.1
1
http://www.lob.gov.jo/ui/laws/listall.jsp consulted on 28/08/2013
25
4. DISTRIBUTION MODALITIES OF AUDIOVISUAL SERVICES
In Jordan, television services are provided on the basis of different modalities: analog
television without subscription in the decimetric waves bands (UHF), cable and Hertzian
television without licence, multipoint video distribution system (MVDS) and direct-to-home
satellite service (DTH). The main digital television services are provided through satellite
operators and video-digital radio broadcasting operators using a satellite multipoint video
distribution system (DVB-MS).
4.1 Number of households and number of TV households
The number of households in 2011 is estimated at 1,157.21. AGB STAT IPSOS, organism
responsible for the audience counting in Jordan, defines the numbers as amounting to 4
017 000 TV households in 2012, and those receiving cable/satellite as amounting to 3 941
882. The rate of television penetration via cable and satellite is thought to be 98.1%2.
It should be pointed out that the Statistics Dept. indicates that the rate of Jordanian families
possessing a TV set is estimated at 98.9% and the rate with a satellite receiver at 96.9%3.
No. of households & TV households (000s) 2009-2015
GAGR
(09-11)
GAGR
(11-15)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
No. 0f
households
1,106
1,151
1,191
1,226
1,259
1,293
1,328
3.8%
3.1%
No. of TV
households
1,046
1,088
1,129
1,168
1,206
1,243
1,279
3.9%
3.2%
Source: Informa cited in Arab Media Outlook 2011-2015
4.2 Terrestrial Broadcasting
4.2.1 Terrestrial analog television
In 2001 and due to considerable losses (over 5 million dinars), Jordan merged these two
terrestrial radio broadcasting services, Jordan 1 and 2, into its satellite channel (Jordan
Space Channel)4
At present Jordan has a terrestrial television channel which is also transmitted directly to
individuals (DTH) via satellite5.
4.2.2 Terrestrial digital television (TDT)
By signing the Geneva convention in 2006, Jordan pledged to migrate to TDT in 2015. The
conference for launching the twinning with the European Union and the Telecommunications
Regulatory Commission of Jordan (TRC) was inaugurated in Amman on the 15th January
2012.
1 Statistics Dept.), Selected Indicators 2011; http://www.dos.gov.jo/dos_home_a/main/jorfig/2011/1.pdf
2 Eurodata TV Worldwide - One Television Year in the World 2013 issue Ipsos MediaCT
3 Statistics Dept. Selected Indicators 2011, op.cit.
4 Jordan drops Terrestrial channels‖, Satellite Today.com, January 17,2001
http://www.satellitetoday.com/st/feature/16152.html
5 ITC Adoption and prospects: the big picture of the Arab region 2012, op.cit.
26
The TRC requested an institutional twinning financed by the European Commission. This
twinning aims to guide the transition to an all digital TV transmission in Jordan scheduled for
2015, to manage the distribution of the digital dividend, to oversee and promote the
development of new generation networks and to set up a suitable regulatory framework 1
Jordan planned to transit to the digital in two phases. The first phase concerns the main
television radiobraodcasting station (11 towns), and it started at the beginning of 2012 and
should be completed by the end of the year. The second phase concerns rural and isolated
areas and will be implemented between 2013 and 2015. At the end of the first stage, there
will be an overlappoing period of one year between the analogue and the digital system, to
enable the final users to adapt their receivers. Jordan Radio and Television which is
responsible for overseeing the smooth transition, was allocated a budget for this purpose for
2012 and 20132. .
TVIP is operational in Jordan thanks to Orange Jordan which is the only provider of the
country‘s TVIP services. Orange Jordan started commercializing its TVIP and video services
upon demand during the last quarter of 2008 and is the only provider of 3G mobile television
services in Jordan3.
4.3 Cable Television
There is only one cable operator in Jordan, the Jordanian company for cable television and
Internet obtained its licence from the committee responsible for the telecommunications
sector.
4.4 Satellite Television
Like all the south Mediterranean and Arab cities, Jordanian towns are studded with satellite
dishes and practically each urban household has its own satellite dish which provides over
900 free channels. The satellite is the most wide spread means of transmission, the most
effective and the most preferred by Jordanian households. According to the data published
by the European operator Eutelsat in 2010, Jordan has 1 028 000 TV households, 1 002 000
of which are equipped for satellite4 reception, i.e. 97,4 % of equipped TV households.
The European satellite operator Eutelsat ensures the transmission of almost the totality of
Jordanian channels. In 2012 Eutelsat announced: 340.000 Jordanian households were
receiving the transmission of HotbirdTM signals, and the same number of Jordanian
households are likely to receive the (DTH/SMATV) satellite signals. As for reception via
Atlantic Bird TM 4 A, Eutelsat specified that it amounts to a figure of 944.000.
The Egyptian Nilesat satellite and the Arab Arabsat satellite ensure transmission of
Jordanian channels to cover the Arab world. Jordan uses Hot Bird to transmit to Europe and
Telestar to transmit to North America.
1
On 15th January 2012, the twinning launching conference was opened in Amman by Mr. Basem Rousan, the Jordanian
Minister of Information & Technologies. Amongst the participants were the representatives of TRC, its president Mr. Mohammad
Al-Taani, representatives of partner institutions, the representative of the European Union and the French ambassador to
Jordan. The twinning associates the TRC and counterpart French, Italian and Spanish administrations. For France, are
included in the project the National Frequency Agency, the ―Autorité de régulation des communications électroniques et de
postes (ARCEP = Electronic Communications and postal regulatory authority), the French Network and Information Security
Agency and the Higher Audiovisual Council. The French twinning offer, steered by the General Directorate for competitiveness,
th
industry and services, was accepted by the Jordanian government on 16 December 2010. The twinning contract of twenty one
months, came into force in October 2011. See: ―Twinning with the Jordanian regulator‖, Letter of the Audiovisual Higher Counc il,
No. 257, February 2012, p.13.‖
2
Switch from analogue to digital television : the big picture in the Arab region, ITU News, op.cit
3
Ibid
4
EUTELSAT, Cable and Satellite TV Survey 2010; http://www.eutelsat.com/products/pdf/cable-satellite-survey-2010.pdf
27
4.5 Internet Television
As in the rest of the world, the reception of live channels on the internet (fixed line or mobile)
is possible in Jordan. The channels available are listed on web sites such as Global Internet
TV1, IPTV Guide2 or Lyngsat Stream3
The following table shows the channels available online.
Jordan TV
7 Stars TV
Fact International (Al-Hakika)
Roya TV
Art Media TV
Shada TV
Karameesh TV
Sources : Lyngsat: http://www.lyngsat-stream.com/tvcountry/Jordan ;
media.com/tvjordan.php
Toyor Al Jannah
http://www.global-itv.com/itv.com et http://www.arabe-
The web-TV channels can also be received through the aggregator services which insert the
signal into their own player. A web-TV channel aggregator like Livestation lists, for example,
14 information channels in Arabic (including Al Jazeera, BBC, France 24, Euronews, RT,
CNBC, Deutsche Welle, Sky News)4. The Arab Media5 site proposes streaming the channels
of the different Arab countries, including four Jordanian channels: Toyor Al Jannah,
Karameesh TV, Roya TV et Jordan TV.
4.5.1 Applications for smartphones and tablets
Television channel signals can also be received for reading on a PC or tablet via applications
available in the « Application stores » such as iTunes Stores (Apple), Google Play Store
(Google), Amazon Appstore for Android (Amazon).
As for the Google Play Store (formerly « Android Store »), Jordan is one of those countries
where free 6 applications and payable7 applications can be distributed.
1
http://www.global-itv.com/
2
http://www.iptv-guide.com/cbc/jor.htm
3
http://www.lyngsat-stream.com/
4
http://www.livestation.com/en/wsj#
5
http://www.arabe-media.com
6
http://support.google.com/googleplay/android-developer/answer/138294?hl=en
7
http://support.google.com/googleplay/android-developer/answer/143779?hl=en
28
5. JORDANIAN TELEVISUAL LANDSCAPE
5.1 Number of channels established in Jordan
The number of channels which obtained licences from the Audiovisual Commission up to
14/03/2013 amounts to 38 satellite channels and one terrestrial channel.
The AVC lists the satellite channels established in Jordan (according to the transmission
system)1. The following list has 12 satellite channels which obtained licences from the AVC
and transmit via (Playout Equipments).
Licence
date
Transmitter
Name of company
Name of owner
1 Seven Stars
03/06/2006
Arabesco for industry & commerce
Kassem Rashid
2 Al Hakika
10/10/2006
Al Hakaek company
Mohamed El Hashemy
3 Melody Aflam
27/03/2007
Jordanian Radiotelevision company
Moetassem Haddaden
4 Al-Thakhafia Al-Ordoniya
12/06/2012
Royal Cultural Centre
Royal Cultural Centre
5 Al Babeleya
10/07/2007
Al Babeleya production and televisual
distribution company
Sadek Motlak
6 Aghanena
18/09/2007
Aghanena Media Company
Karam Rassam
7 Oyoun El Watan
15/04/2008
Jeddah Al Jadida Media company
Omar El Amoudy
8 Live
15/04/2008
Port Col (BC) Ink. Jordanie
Jean-Claude Rizk
9 FM
17/06/2008
Port Col (BC) Ink. Jordan
Jean-Claude Rizk
10 Aoutan
13/05/2008
Aoutan Media company
Abel-Rahman El Oumi
11 Ahl El Koran
12/10/2010
El Hoda for the medias
Abdallah Basfar
12 BM Irak
31/07/2012
Bark El Mass for the medias
Ammar El Aly
The following table shows 7 channels which obtained licences and transmit through fiber
optics.
Distributor
License date Company name
Name of owner
1
Nourmina
03/06/2006
Nourmina for the medias
Thaer El Erian/ Ahmed El Rakybat
2
Roya TV
10/10/2006
Watan for satellite transmission
Michel Sayegh
3
Daleel TV
23/03/2010
Daleel satellite company
Abdel Rahman El-Naseyan
4
JOSAT
03/03/2009
International Transmission for Media
Services
Company.of Jordanian
Professionals for investment
5
Seha TV
23/06/2009
Dar Ema'a for medias
Abdel Mohsen Aldriss
6
Al Tagheir
10/05/2011
Al Daher for the audiovisual
Sheikh Tarek Al Abdullah
7
Ca TV
03/01/2012
Zung jing international media/Jordan
Lee Chung Kay
1
These lists were given us by the director general of AVC, Mr. Rasmy Mahassenah during our data collection mission in Jordan
in January 2013.
29
This third list enumerates the channels which transmit directly from their studios.
Transmitter
Date licence
Name of company
1
Shada
07/03/2007
2
Télévision
Baghdad
27/02/2007
Noun Commerce & Services
Ayham Mahmoud/ Ahmed Abou
Safeya
3
Hala TV
31/07/2012
Trodos for Production &
Distribution
Hegaz Investment/ Solameco LTD/
Moetassem Bassam/ Ateya
haddadeen/ Saba El faks
Al-Majd satellite channel
Name of owner
Fahd El Shamemry
The table below gives the names of channels which obtained licences from the AVC but
which have not yet started transmitting.
Transmitter
Date licence
Name of company
Name of owner
1
ATV
21/12/2004
Al-Ordoniyah LTD for
audiovisual transmission
Agaeb Investmen Co/Arab Centre
Co.
2
ANB
04/04/2012
Arab Information Co.
General Mediterranean Jordan for
Investment
The following table enumerates the channels with licences which transmit from the JordanoSaudi Company in Amman. The channels Al Barea'a and Al Ordon Al Youm obtained their
licences but are not yet transmitting, as specified in the AVC list.
Transmitter
Date licence
Name of company
Name of owner
1
Alathar
22/12/2009
Sabhat El baraka for satellite
diffusion
Sadek Mohamed Al Ghazali
2
Al Haqiqa
26/07/2011
Al Haqiqa International for
studies & Media
Zakareya El Sheikh
3
Keef
26/07/2011
Keef TV for satellite diffusion
Abdel Rahman Sultan
4
Nasaem
26/07/2011
Nassaem for satellite diffusion Mansour Karaoui
5
Al Kassim
27/07/2010
6
Al Barea'a
21/06/2011
7
Al Ordon Al
Youm
23/08/2011
Al Kassim for satellite
diffusion
Al Barea'a for satellite
diffusion
Ein for satellite diffusion
Fahd Al Arini
Abdullah Al Jahni
Mohamed Al Ajlouni
30
The two satellite channels which obtained their licences from AVC but which transmit from
outside Jordan are listed in the following table:
Transmitter
Date licence
Name of company
Name of owner
1
Noor
09/10/2007
Noor TV for satellite diffusion
Abdel Rahman Al Nasseyan
2
Al Iqtessadeya
30/06/2009
Al Iqtessadeya for satellite
diffusion
Badr Al Azl
Finally the AVC lists classifying the ATV Jordanian channel as a channel which obtained its
licence in 2004 but so far has not started transmitting.
1
Transmitter
Licence date Name of company
ATV
21/12/2004
Al Ordoneya LTD for television
diffusion
Name of owner
Agaeb for Investment/ Arab
Center for audiovisual services
5.1.1 Another list of Jordanian channels
The Lyngsat site proposed a list of Jordanian channels including channels which are not on
the list given us by AVC. For the sake of transparency and diversification of sources, we
hereby give the list below elaborated by Lyngsat.
31
Name of channel
Satellites
web site
Streaming
Concept
1
Aghanina TV
Eutelsat 7 West A
http://www.aghanina.tv
n.a
Musical varieties
2
Al Arrab TV
n.a
http://www.alarrabtv.com
n.a
teleshopphing
3
Al DiyarSat TV
Express AM22 / Eutelsat 7 West A http://www.aldiyarsat.net
n.a
News/Iraqi channel
4
Al Haqiqa TV
Badr 4/Eutelsat Hot Bird 13B
/Nilesat 102 (ADD)
n.a
n.a
News
5
Al Haqeeqah Al Dawliyah
n.a
http://www.factjo.com
n.a
News
6
Al Senaaea
n.a
http://www.tviic.com
n.a
Industrial
7
Al Taghier
Eutelsat 7 West A
http://www.altaghier.tv
LyngSat Stream
News/ Iraqi channel
8
Al Yarmouk TV
Eutelsat 7 West A
alyarmouktv@yahoo.com
n.a
n.a
9
Al-Mergab TV
Nilesat 201
http://www.mergab.com
n.a
Current affairs
10 Al-Mergab TV 2
Eutelsat 7 West A
http://www.mergab.com
n.a
Current affairs
11 Arab Motors TV
Badr 6
http://www.arabmotors.tv
n.a
Adverts
12 ART Media
Eutelsat 7 West A
http://artmedia-tv.com
LyngSat Stream
Adverts
13 Deretna TV
n.a
http://www.deretna.net
n.a
Generalist
14 Farashah TV
n.a
http://farashah.net
n.a
Women
15 Ghinwa TV Musical Channel
Nilesat 102
http://www.ghinwa.tv
n.a
Musical varieties
16 Hawa Jordan
Eutelsat 7 West A
http://www.hawajordan.net
http://www.hawajordan.net/
News
17 Iraq Economic
Eutelsat 7 West A
n.a
n.a
Economic
18 JBC TV
Eutelsat 3C /Eutelsat 7 West A
http://www.jbctv.tv
n.a
n.a
32
19 Jordan TV (Al Ordoniyah)
Badr 4/Eutelsat Hot Bird 13B
/Nilesat 102 (ADD) / Galaxy 19
http://www.jrtv.jo
LyngSat Stream
Generalist
20 JOSAT
Eutelsat 7 West A
n.a
n.a
Generalist
21 Karameesh
Eutelsat 7 West A
http://www.karameesh.jo
http://www.karameesh.jo/tv.php?pageid=6
Children
22 Karamesh Plus
Eutelsat 25C/ Eutelsat 21B
http://www.karameesh.jo
http://www.karameesh.jo/tv.php?pageid=6
Children
23 Mersal TV
Nilesat 102
http://www.mersaltv.com/
n.a
Sms
NART TV - National Adiga
24 Television
Eutelsat 25C /Eutelsat 7 West A
http://www.narttv.tv
n.a
Circassian culture
25 Nourmina TV
n.a
http://www.nourminatv.com
n.a
Generalist
26 Roya
Eutelsat 7 West A
http://www.roya.tv/
LyngSat Stream
Generalist
27 Semsem TV Kids Channel
Nilesat 201
http://www.semsem.tv
http://www.ustream.tv/
Children
28 7 Stars TV
Nilesat 102 (ADD)
http://www.7stars.tv
LyngSat Stream
Culture
29 Shada TV
Eutelsat 8 West A
http://www.shadatv.tv
LyngSat Stream
News
30 Shehan TV
Eutelsat 7 West A
n.a
n.a
Generalist
31 Shefaa TV
Badr 4
http://www.shefaa.net
n.a
Religious
32 Toyor Al-Janah
Eutelsat 7 West A
http://www.toyoraljanah.com
n.a
Children
33 Toyor Al-Janah 2
n.a
http://www.toyoraljanah.com
n.a
Children
34 Zweina Baladna
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
Source: http://www.lyngsat-address.com/tv/Jordan.html
33
5.2 Main Jordanian Channels
5.2.1 Jordan Radio and Television Corporation (JRTV) 1
The Jordanian institution for radio and television JRTV is a public institution called:
―mu‘asassat al iza‘a wal television al-urdunnya » which manages the country‘s public
television and radio. It was founded in 1985 after the merger of the Jordan Radio company
and the national Jordan Television.
In 1969 the Jordanian television was admitted into the European Broadcasting Union (EBU).
The Jordanian radiotelevision operates three television channels and four radio stations
using frequency modulation transmission to cover the whole territory.
Historical background2
The beginnings go back to September 1948 when the Jerusalem radio stations started
transmitting. The first radio transmission was that of the Hashemite Jordanian radio of
Jerusalem. Since the unification of the territories on the two shores of the Jordan, and more
precisely on 24 April 1950, the radio bears the same name as today: the radio of the
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. In October 1956, King Hussein inaugurated the second
station transmitting from Amman.
On 11 July 1966, the first stone of Jordanian television was laid and transmission started with
four hours per day and increased gradually to last the whole day .In 1972, Jordanian
television was one of the first in the region to have a second channel which basically
transmitted programmes in English and in French, with a specific edition of the news
broadcast in both of these languages. JRT is the first Arab television to have adopted the
system of colour transmission when it had six studios in 1974.
In 1985 Jordan Radio and the national Jordan Television merged to constitute the present
corporation (Jordan Radio and Television Corporation). A new building with radio studios
and a number of television studios was built in 1997. JRTC transmits three television
channels: two terrestrial channels (JTV 1 and JTV 2) and the Al Ordoniyah satellite
television channels, launched in 1993.
The Jordanian TV series are still considered as quality audiovisual productions and they
started with the creation of the Jordanian TV which provided them with the necessary
televisual space for their propagation.
1
http://jrtv.gov.jo/
2
http://images.jordan.gov.jo/wps/wcm/connect/gov/$$!!941/$$!!946/$$!!1063/$$!!894/
34
5.2.1.1 JTV
The Council of Ministers is empowered to decide on any internal regulation pertaining to the
financial and administrative management of the national television – Jordan TV1.
JTV is steered by a board of directors comprising nine members who are all nominated by
the Council of Ministers. The president of this board can be one of the Ministers, and is
nominated by the Council of Ministers, at the suggestion of the Ministers and submitted for
approval by the King. (article 6 of law n°35 of 2000). The mandate of this president may be
revoked through a decision of the Council of Ministers at the recommendations of the
ministers.
According to Olga Del Rio Sanchez, all these measures and other connected provisions
make the JTV institution dependent on the Government and furthermore the process of
recruitment and management of human resources is not in line with the demands of
transparency and equity2.
The Panos Paris3 Institute emphasizes that the operating budget of the national channel
depends to the tune of 70% on the public budget determined by the Government and
approved by Parliament, and this corresponds on average to an annual amount of 18 million
JOD. Furthermore, the channel on average mobilizes 6 million through publicity and
sponsoring. In line with the analysis made by the Institute, the journalistic content and the
technical quality of the programmes leaves a lot to be desired, and according to the staff
members, the present budget is only just enough to cover the operating costs and does not
make it possible to offer competitive salaries in order to retain qualified staff.
The teams of researchers engaged on the detailed analysis project for the effective
implementation project coordinated by the consortium constituted by the Institute of Panos
Paris (France) and the Mediterranean Communication Observatory (Spain) with the financial
support of Irish Aid, the Catalan Agency for Development Cooperation and the Open Society
Institute, have made the following recommendations4 for Jordan:
1. The independence of the national channel should be guaranteed by a new law which
ensures that the members of the board of directors are proposed by civil society
organisations and that the director be elected by the board of directors. Furthermore,
the recruitment of the personnel should follow a transparent procedure and be open to
all Jordanian citizens.
2. Each Jordanian household pays one Dinar in tax in addition to the electricity bill and
the government determines the amount of the public budget which it allocates to
1
Olga Del Rio Sanchez, La mission de service public audiovisuel dans la région Maghreb/Machrek, op.cit. (The mission of the
audiovisual public service in the Maghreb/Machrek region,op.cit.)
2
Ibid.
3
As stated by the Panos Paris Institute: » The NGO and activists for many years now have been mobilizing to demand more
freedom of expression and more media pluralism in the Arab countries. As in most cases these claims did not yield any
concrete result, the PANOS Paris Institute and the civil society partners in eight Arab countries decided to adopt a more
pragmatic approach so as to demonstrate why and how the national audiovisual medias were not carrying out a public service
mission‖. See: ―Civil society is mobilizing for a veritable audiovisual public service mission‖, PSB Newsletter, No. 11, Panos
Paris-Omec, June 2011, http://www.panosparis.org/IMG/pdf/PSB_newsletter_JUIN_2011_FR.pdf
4
Ibid
35
television. National television should be able to collect the audiovisual licence fees
itself and raise funds through publicity, patronage and financed programmes (at 30%
maximum) so as to guarantee the independence of its functioning and production.
3. Even if all the above suggestions were to be implemented through new legal
provisions, national television would inevitably have to completely restructure its
personnel. The channel at present employs approx. 1500 persons but has no qualified
staff which is necessary to produce quality programmes and this is the consequence of
decades of governmental control and the recruitment process based on favouritism. It
will be necessary to set up a training strategy for the technical personnel and
compensation measures could be used to negotiate departures.
―Media Use in the Middle East, An Eight-Nation Survey‖1 stresses that television constitutes
the most popular and reliable media for news broadcasts and information for Jordanian
adults and Jordan TV has a high audience rating.
96% of the persons questioned in the kingdom confirmed that television is the most important
source for news and latest news. The study indicates that out of a total of 1250 Jordanians
interviewed, Al Jazeera is the main source of television information, with 62%, followed by
Jordan TV with 48%, followed by the other channels: Al Arabiya : 29%, Al Haqiqa Al
Dawliya : 26% and Noor Al Ordon : 23%.
The high rate of 48% given by the Jordanians for Jordan TV as revealed by the « Media Use
in the Middle East » survey is evidence of the confidence which Jordanian have in their local
television. Within the same context, the Minister of State for Information and Communication,
Mohammad Momani, stressed the important role played by the State media and their high
level of professionalism whilst at the same time appealing for the development of their
performance2, during a meeting with the Director General of JRTV, Ramadan Rawashdeh
and the employees of the Jordanian radio television public service on 25 August 2013.
5.2.1.2 Al Ordoniyah
Basically extracting its content from the Jordanian public channels, JTV 1 and JTV 2, Al
Ordoniyah is the satellite channel of the Jordanian public radio broadcasting service (Jordan
Radio and Television Corporation).
Like most of the Arab public satellite channels, Al Ordoniyah re-diffuses the programmes of
the public channels. As a general channel, the mission of Al Ordoniyah is to connect
Jordanian citizens abroad with the culture and the daily life of their country. Its programming
includes entertainment programmes, Jordanian and Arab televised series as well as debates
and information bulletins.
1 Media Use in the Middle East: An Eight-Nation Survey, Northwestern University in Qatar, Harris Interactive, 24 April 2013;
http://fr.scribd.com/doc/137906439/Media-Use-in-the-Middle-East-An-Eight-Nation-Survey-NU-Q/ces Eight-Nation-SurveyUniversity in Qatar – Harris Interactive, 24 April 2013; http://fr.scribd.com/doc/137906439/Media-Use-in-ttion-Survey-NU-Q
2 ―Momani highlights ‗important role‘ of state media‖, The Jordan Times, Aug 25, 2013; http://jordantimes.com/momanihighlights-important-role-of-state-media
36
Even though the language used is Arabic, the channel transmits some programmes in
English and in French. An info flash is transmitted daily in these two languages.
5.2.2 JO SAT
Belonging to the international transmission Company for audiovisual services, as registered
with the Audiovisual Commission, Josat is a private satellite channel. It obtained its licence
as a general channel in March 2009.
The channel is known for its often stormy political debates and the numerous transmissions
stopped by the Jordanian authorities.
On the Thursday evening, 5th July 2012, during a political debate on the Josat TV private
television channel, the discussion turned nasty and one of the guests, the MP Mohamed Al
Shawabkeh, brandished a pistol towards his adversary, the former opposition
Parliamentarian Mansour Eddine Mourad who accused him of being a spy for the Syrian
government1.
In August of the same year, the channel‘s transmission was suspended for three weeks « In
the morning of 28 July 2012, the channel‘s transmission was stopped without any prior
notification »2, declared the presenter Rula Al Hroub to the press. According to numerous
observers, the channel transmission was cut off because of the last edition of the talk show
―talking to the point‖ (Kalam fi al Samim) animated by Rula Al Hroub who had invited to the
podium four opposition figures in order to debate political reforms and the law on elections.
The opposition figure and ex-MP
Ghazi Abou Gneib Al Fayez had expressed several
criticisms about the king3.
The Audiovisual Commission was blamed by the press for the channel being suspended.
Refuting the press accusations, the Director General of the Audiovisual Commission, Amjad
Qadi, denied all involvement of the Commission in the suspension of the Josat transmission,
declaring ―we had nothing to do with this decision. The accusations are groundless and the
owner of the chain is aware of this‖, adding that ―the decision had been made by the Saudi
Media City―4.
The Amman Criminal Court had to judge the case and make a decision as the Josat channel
had been accused during the trail by the Commission of incitement against the regime and
infringing the dignity of the King and the status of an official institution, in addition to violating
article 22 of the audiovisual law. At the end of November 2012, the Director General of the
Audiovisual Commission, Amjad Qadi and Maen Anaswah, an employee of the commission,
testified at the Amman Criminal Court in the trial of the Josat satellite channel.
1
http://www.jeuneafrique.com/Article/ARTJAWEB20120706181844/. A video of the scene translated into English by MEMRI TV
Videos is accessible on Youtube on : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryBzU5rUwZE. See also: ―Deputy may face charges
after drawing gun in on-air brawl‖, The Jordan Times, 17 July 2012,
http://jordantimes.com/deputy-may-face-charges-after-drawing-gun-in-on-air-brawl
2
http://www.assabeel.net/local-news/local/100275
3
on the same subject, see also :
http://arabic.arabianbusiness.com/business/media-marketing/2012/jul/28/256387/#.UexNSKxvj_Q
4
Hani Hazaimeh, ―Audiovisual Commission ‗had no hand‘ in Josat suspension‖, The Jordan Times, Jul 29, 2012
http://jordantimes.com/audiovisual-commission-had-no-hand-in-josat-suspension
37
During the session, Josat contested the government‘s accusations, affirming that the
Commission had suspended the channel‘s transmission after the transmission of the political
talk-show on local affairs1.
In January 2012, the hearings continued and the Anti-Corruption Commission accused the
channel of financial violations causing losses of approx. 60 million JOD for the shareholders 2.
Within the same context, and despite the parliamentary immunity granted to the newly
elected MP Rula Al Hroub, the Amman Criminal Court decided, at the end of January 2013,
to continue with the trial started by the Audiovisual Commission against Josat and the
presenter‘s programme, in view of the fact that the trial was started before the election of the
MP to the 17th Lower Chamber. Citing article 86 of the Constitution, the Court decided that,
―as the trial had been started against Hroub on 25 July 2012, before her name was published
in the Official Gazette as an MP on 29 January 2013, her immunity had no effect on the
trial―3. Less than a month after this decision, the Criminal Court decided to suspend the trial
started against the Josat satellite chain because of the programme of the presenter Rula
Hroub4. The case continued. In March 2013, the Amman Court of Appeal rejected the
request submitted by Rateb Tarawney, Rula Hroub‘s lawyer, contesting the decision of the
Criminal Court which refused to suspend the legal procedures against his client after her
election as an MP5. It should be pointed out that, despite the fact that the trial went on Josat
started re-transmitting three weeks after its suspension, from outside Jordan, by transmitting
through the NileSat orbit, frequency 10815 and polarisation 274856.
1
―Two new witnesses testify in Josat hearing‖, The Jordan Times, Nov 28, 2012, http://jordantimes.com/two-new-witnessestestify-in-josat-hearing
2
Court hearings in Josat, Amwal and Kurdi cases continue, The Jordan Times, Jan 27, 2013, http://jordantimes.com/courthearings-in-josat-amwal-and-kurdi-cases-continue
3
Khaled Neimat, ‗‘MP's trial to go forward despite immunity‘‘, The Jordan Times, Feb 06, 2013,
http://jordantimes.com/mps-trial-to-go-forward-despite-immunity
4
Court freezes proceedings in case against Hroub, The Jordan Times , Feb 19, 2013, http://jordantimes.com/court-freezesproceedings-in-case-against-hroub
5
Court rejects plea against continuing MP‘s trial, The Jordan Times, Mar 07, 2013
http://jordantimes.com/court-rejects-plea-against-continuing-mps-trial
6
―Josat
revient
de
nouveau―, (
Josat
back
again
)
Jordan
http://jordannewsagency.wordpress.com/2012/08/17/ ‫الفضائية‬-‫جوسات‬-‫قناة‬-‫جديد‬-‫من‬-‫تعود‬-‫«جوسات‬
news
agency,
17/08/2012,
38
5.2.3 Ro’ya TV1
Established in Amman and launched on 01/01/2011, Roya TV is a private satellite chain
belonging to the media group « Sayegh Group » owner of the channel « Decision-makers »
transmitting from Dubai.
The aim of creating the channel was the elaboration of a new media vision with a high level
of professional performances so as to respond to the expectations and aspirations of the
Arab and Jordanian TV viewers inside and outside the region.
The channel proposes a range of cultural, topical and entertainment programmes. The colour
of the channel‘s logo defines the category of the transmitted programmes: blue for topical
subjects, green for sport and orange for children‘s programmes etc.
The channel‘s internet site is one of the most efficient and most updated amongst the
multiple sites of televised channels in the region. Roya TV offers all the categories of its
programmes on line, and the transmission is available on live streaming2.
Home page of web site of Roya TV ; http://www.roya.tv/
1
http://www.roya.tv/
2
http://www.roya.tv/Home.aspx?BlocksPage=Roya_Livestream
39
5.3 Jordan Media City (JMC)1
Jordan Media City (JMC), one of the oldest media cities in the Middle East, was founded in
2001 as the first private media city in the region in order to provide for the industry of regional
and international medias a media platform using the latest technologies. There are two
names for Jordan Media City. It is also known as the Jordan-Saudi Media City for the
following reason.
Jordan Media City is a private company which was set up after an agreement between the
government of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the Dallah Production Company2. The
capital invested for the creation of Jordan Media City is estimated at 10 millions JOD (15.8
MEUR). However, in February 2013, the Jordanian site allofjo.net (Kol alordon) announced
that the Jordanian government had approved the contribution of a strategic partner in the city
amounting to 75% ; thus increasing the company‘s capital to reach a figure of 15 millions
JOD (16 MEUR)3.
Without specifying a date, the same source indicates that the government had sold the city to
the Dallah Saudi Company for a sum of 4 million JOD. We cannot confirm or infirm this
information in view of the absence of other sources for this item of information.
JMC awarded a contract of several million USD in order to provide the equipment and
software necessary for the implementation of 90 channels (playout) and 100 channels
(back-hauled) plus a system of archiving and software applications for running the system.
The video art servers provide an ideal platform for transmission quite independently of the
format. The multiple services offered by JMC ensure, amongst other things, access to the
central storage system archiving the contents of the channels.







Arab Sat, Nile Sat, Yah Sat, HotBird & Asia Sat/TV & Radio Satellite Broadcasting.
Satellite capacity Leasing.
Solutions Téléport
Turnaround TV, Radio & EPG services.
Satellite to Fiber Add-Hook, Fiber to Satellite Add-Hook services.
Connexion globale SD/HD Satellite, Fibre or Internet.
Téléport 24/7 & MCR Add insert & services de différé (time-shifted)
Furthermore, JMC now provides new services for all the channels linked to JMC Teleport.
These services are as follows:
˗
˗
1
Technical monitoring and instantaneous reporting for the transmitting channel
Electronic Programme Guide Service (EPG) for each channel
http://www.jordanmediacity.com/en/
2
Dallah Production Compagny est un groupe d‘investissement de renommée appartenant au milliardaire et magnat des médias
saoudien, Cheikh Saleh Kamel, également propriétaire du bouquet ART.(Dallah Production Company is a well known
investment group belonging to the millionaire and magnate of the Saudi medias, Cheikh Saleh Kamel, also owner of the
« bouquet ART »)
3
‗‘La cité médiatique et « un nouveau souhait‘‘, (« The Media City » and « a new hope ») www.allofjo.net, 04.02.2013 ;
http://www.allofjo.net/index.php?page=article&id=42856
40
It should be pointed out that on 1st June 2013, JMC signed a contract with the Arab Satellite
Telecommunications Organisation (Arabsat) for the transmission of 6 high definition channels
(HD) from the date of the signing of the contract1. Jordan Media City (JMC) is a member of
the World Teleport Association (WTA)2.
5.4 Arab Telemedia Group
Producer of televized content and teleseries disseminated on the most important screens of
the Arab radiotransmitter, the Arab Telemedia Group is the first Arab producer to have been
awarded the Emmy Award for its Al Itijah (2008) televised series. The group‘s archives
preserve over 5000 hours of Jordanian and Arab teleseries. The group is the first Arab
producer awarded the International Emmy Award for the socio-political series Al Ijtiyah
(2008)3.
The Arab Telemedia Group intends to launch two satellite channels before the end of this
year. The 26 years of experience in the production of Jordanian televized series are behind
the launching of these two satellite channels, the first of which will be devoted to
entertainment and the second to topical matters and news. « We are working so as to
position ourselves amongst the five great Arab Satellite radiotransmitters »stressed Talal
Awamleh, owner and Managing Director of the AT4 group.
1
Ibid.
2
Depuis 1985, l'Association de Téléport Mondiale (WTA) a été la seule association commerciale qui se concentre sur les
activités de communications satellites. Ses membres sont les opérateurs les plus novateurs du monde des téléports, des
indépendants aux multinationales, des prestataires de services de niche aux transporteurs hybrides mondiaux. (Since 1985,
the World Teleport Association (WTA) has been the only commercial association which concentrated on satellite communication
activities. Its members are the most innovative operators of the teleports world, independent and multinational operators, niche
services providers and world hybrid transporters. See: http://www.worldteleport.org/
3
http://www.arabtelemedia.net/about/about.php
4
Ibid
41
6. AUDIENCE RATING OF TELEVISION CHANNELS
In order to determine the audience of channels, the TNS company used the old method of
the listening log1.
6.1 Characteristics of 2011 panel
Terrestrial analog
Transition :
No
Based on
Period:
Distribution TV (% individuals):
Total individuals 15+
16June- 12 July 2011
Cable & satellite: 99.7%
Sun-Sat/ 03:00-02:59
Source: TLM June –July 2011.
Size of universe
Zone:
Based on 4, 494,600 individuals.
4,500, 000
Urban centres
Delayed audience
measurement
No
Instrument used
Guest audience
measurement
No
Size of panel:
1,800
CATI – Computer Assistance
Size of universe Cab/Sat:
Telephone Interview
4,485, 150
(since 2003)
Source: Eurodata TV Worldwide - One Television Year in the World 2012 issue Ipsos MediaCT – All rights reserved.
- Audience share of the main channels in 2011.
Ten best performances of the channels throughout the whole day. Evolution of the share is
based on a June-July 2011 wave in 2011 compared with the mid-April to mid-May 2010
wave.
Pursuant to the agreements with Médiamétrie / Eurodata TV Worldwide we are not entitled to
provide the data in their online electronic version. This data is available in print, and may be
provided on request.
- Average daily listening time (per individual - in H: MIN) en 2011
1
Eurodata TV Worldwide 2012– One Television Year in the World 2012 issue AGB STAT IPSOS. Annual overview of TV
consumption and audiovisual landscapes in more than 90 territories around the world.
42
6.2 Table: Share of audience market of some Jordanian and Arab channels (2011)
Channel
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
ABU DHABI AL OULA
ABU DHABI DRAMA
AL ARABIYA
AL JAZEERA
AL JAZEERA SPORTS +1
AL JAZEERA SPORTS GLOBAL
AL MAJD AL-QURAN AL KARIM
BBC ARABIC
FATAFEAT
FOX
FOX MOVIES
JORDAN TV 1
JORDAN TV SAT
LBC
MBC 1
MBC2
MBC3
MBC4
MBC ACTION
MBC DRAMA*
MBC MAX
MELODY AFLAM
MELODY DRAMA
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC ABU DHABI
NICKELODEON ARABIA
PANORAMA ACTION
ROTANA CINEMA
ROYA TV
SPACETOON
SYRIA DRAMA
TOP MOVIES
ZEE AFLAM
Market share 2011 (in %)
Prime time
Whole day
19:00-23:59
2.4
2.8
1.3
1.6
2.9
2.8
5.9
6.3
0.6
0.8
1.2
1
0.5
0.5
0.9
0.6
0.3
0.2
1.0
0.6
0.6
0.3
2.0
2.4
2.9
2.8
7.1
6
1.7
3.4
11.1
7.5
5.0
6.5
3.1
1.8
6.4
10.7
4.0
5.3
5.7
6.9
2.6
3.0
3.3
3.1
1.1
1.0
1.2
1.0
2.0
0.9
0.7
0.7
4.0
4.1
0.5
0.4
1.1
0.6
1.2
1.1
0.6
0.6
1.2
0.9
Status
Type
Commercials
Reception
Access
Technical
Penetration (in %)
Public
Public
Private
Private
Private
Private
Private
Private
Public
Private
Private
Private
Public
Public
Private
Private
Private
Private
Private
Private
Private
Private
Private
Private
Private
Private
Private
Private
Private
Private
Private
Private
Private
General
TV series
News/business
News/business
Sports
Sports
Sports
Religious
News/business
Entertainment
TV fiction
Films
Generalist
Generalist
Generalist
Generalist
Films
Children
Generalist
Films
TV series
Films
Films
TV series
Documentary
Children
Films
Films
Generalist
Children
TV series
Films
Films
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
n.a
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
T,C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
FTA
FTA
FTA
FTA
Pay TV
Pay TV
Pay TV
FTA
FTA
FTA
FTA
FTA
FTA
n.a
FTA
FTA
FTA
FTA
FTA
FTA
FTA
FTA
FTA
FTA
FTA
n.a
FTA
FTA
FTA
FTA
FTA
n.a
FTA
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
* Newly rated channel in 2011
43
6.3 Characteristics of 2012 panel
Characteristics of 2012 panel
Based on
Period:
Distribution TV (%individuals): Terrestrial analog transition
Total individuals 15+
22 June- 19 July 2012
Cable & satellite: 98.1%
Size of universe
Sun-Sat/ 03:00-02:59
Terrestrial : 1.6%
4, 017,000
Zone:
No
Source: TLM June –July
2012.
Delayed audience
measurement
Based on 4, 017,000
individuals.
No
Size of panel:
Urban centres
3,200
Instrument used :
Guest audience measurement
CATI – Computer
Assistance
No
Size of universe
Cab/Sat:
Telephone Interview
3, 941,882
(since 2003)
Source: Eurodata TV Worldwide - One Television Year in the World 2013 issue Ipsos MediaCT - ALL RIGHTS
RESERVED
Audience share of main channels in 2012
Ten best performances of the channels based on the whole day. Evolution of share is based
on a period of June-July in 2012 and 2011.
Average daily listening time (per individual - in H: MIN)
44
6.4 Audience market share of some Jordanian and Arab channels (2012)
Period: 22 June to 19 July
Market share 2012 (in %)
Channel
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
28
30
ABU DHABI AL OULA
AL AMAKEN DRAMA*
AL ARABIYA
AL HAKEKA AL DEWALEH*
AL JAZEERA
AL MAJD AL-QURAN AL
KARIM
DUBAI TV*
FOX MOVIES
JORDAN TV 1
JORDAN TV SAT
KARAMESH*
LBC
MBC 1
MBC2
MBC3
MBC4
MBC ACTION
MBC DRAMA*
MELODY AFLAM
MELODY DRAMA
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC
ABU DHABI
NOOR JORDAN*
NOURMINA*
ROTANA CINEMA
ROYA TV
SAUDI AL QURAN KAREM*
TOYOR AL JANAH 1*
TOYOR AL JANAH 2*
ZWEINA BALADNA*
Access
Technical
Penetration
(in %)
C,S
C,S
C,S
n.a
C,S
C,S
FTA
FTA
FTA
n.a
FTA
Pay TV
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
Yes
C,S
FTA
n.a
Generalist
Films
Generalist
Generalist
Children
Generalist
Generalist
Films
Children
Generalist
Films
TV series
Films
TV series
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
C,S
C,S
T,C,S
C,S
n.a
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
FTA
FTA
FTA
n.a
n.a
FTA
FTA
FTA
FTA
FTA
FTA
FTA
FTA
FTA
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
Private
Documentary
Yes
C,S
FTA
n.a
Public
Private
Private
Private
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
Music
Generalist
Films
Generalist
Religious
Children
Children
Music
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
n.a
Yes
Yes
Yes
n.a
C,S
C,S
C,S
n.a
C,S
C,S
n.a
n.a
FTA
FTA
FTA
n.a
FTA
FTA
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
Status
Type
2.8
1.7
2.3
3.8
3.9
1
Prime time
19:00-23:59
4.3
1.6
2.4
2.8
5.1
1.2
Public
Public
Private
Public
Private
Private
Generalist
TV fiction
News/business
Lifestyle
News/business
Sports
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
3.2
1.6
Private
Religious
2
1.5
5.9
1.1
0.6
0.9
10
3.5
1.8
6.1
2.8
4.3
2.0
1.1
3.5
1.7
7.1
1.3
0.3
0.9
8
3.7
1.1
10.9
3.6
3.1
2.2
1.2
Private
Private
Public
Public
n.a
Private
Private
Private
Private
Private
Private
Private
Private
Private
1.6
1.5
2.8
0.6
2.2
1.1
1
1.5
0.9
1.8
2.1
0.3
2.5
0.7
0.7
0.5
0.3
1.3
Whole day
Commercials Reception
* Newly measured channel in 2011
45
7. PUBLICITY MARKET
The Arab Media Outlook 2011-2015 report states that, as the country‘s economy was
growing slowly, the Jordanian publicity market had a 5% drop in 2011 1. The main
contributors to this market are the telecommunications sector, the banking and real estate
sectors.
The report forecast a 5% upswing in publicity income in 2012. It also forecast an increase on
the publicity market until it reached a level of 7.5 % of the average annual growth rate and
the Compound Annual Growth Rate during the2011-2015 forecast period.
7.1 Televisual publicity market
The local TV publicity market is relatively small2. TV publicity income has increased since
2009. The Arab Media Outlook estimates the growth of TV publicity in Jordan as reaching a
level of 11% of the average annual growth rate and thus earning 11 million USD.
The TV audience is dominated by Arab terrestrial and satellite channels representing 16% of
the country TV households. There are 38 FTA satellite channels based in Jordan whose
main types include channels for children and commercial channels.
The penetration of payable TV at present is low in the country and was estimated at 4% in
2011. Al Jazeera Sports represents the most popular Pay-TV service with approx. 60% of
the pay TV market3. The IPTV services are provided by Orange Jordan which launched IPTV
in Jordan in 2008.
1
Arab Media Outlook 2011-2015 – Arab Media Exposure and Transition, Forecasts and analysis of Traditional and Digital Media
in The Arab World,4th edition, Dubai Press Club, UAE, 2012;http://www.arabmediaforum.ae/userfiles/EnglishAMO.pdf
2
Ibid
3
Informa
4
Ibid
46
Net advertising income in Jordan (2012 – 2015)
Source: Arab Media Outlook 2011-2015, p.183
7.2. Written Press
Achieving 72% of the country‘s total publicity income, newspapers have the highest
contribution amongst all the publicity platforms.
The publicity income of the newspapers is estimated at 75 million USD. The Arab Media
Outlook forecasts a 1.3% growth of the average annual growth rate of publicity income of the
newspapers during the 2011-2015 forecast period.
The Jordanian press has seven Arabic daily newspapers.The best known ones are Ad
Dustour, Al Ghad and Al Rai whose circulation is estimate at over 50.000 copies1. The
kingdom‘s press also has the daily Anglophone The Jordan Times and 16 Arabic weekly
newspapers.
Most newspapers have a web portal and the level of internet use for reading the news is high
(44% use the Internet as a source of daily and global news).2
Arab Media Outlook specifies that the contribution of magazines to the total publicity income
is low because of the lack of local magazines on the market. Luxury is a new magazine
launched in 2011. Amongst the popular magazines is one for women called Anty. Within the
same context, Majaletna is a magazine which caters for the interests of youth and proposes
local news and diverse opinions. Finally Layalina is an inter-regional magazine whose
circulation is estimated at 15.000 copies in Jordan.
1
2
Arab Media Outlook 2011-2015, op.cit.
Informa.
47
7.3 Publicity on the Internet
Jordan is an important regional centre for digital medias and Internet companies.
According to Arab Media Outlook, Internet publicity revenue in Jordan has attained 4.2
million USD in 2011. The forecast is that the revenue will reach a growth rate of 43% of the
average annual growth rate to attain a figure of 18 million USD in 2015.
The Jordanian group « Jabbar Internet Group » is one of the pioneer providers of online
services for electronic commerce (e-commerce) and online markets (i.e Souq.com,
sukar.com) ; cash payment platforms (i.e Cash U) ; Group Buying Services (i.e. Cobone) ;
online games (i.e. Tahadi Games) ; online travel (i.e. joob.com), and the digital publicity
agency (i.e.Ikoo).
Arab Media Outlook also stresses that Jordan is considered as one of the most important
centres for online games in the region with several multi-player online game portals such as
(Tarneeb (card games), Fuzztak (table games ), Happy Oasis (farm games ), and Yahoo!
Maktoob Games which was developed by Jordanian Internet companies.
Amongst the pro-eminent developers and editors of online games is Aranim Media Factory,
Quirkat studios (based in the UAE with high- tech studios in Jordan), Tahadi Games,
Wizards Production, and Beladcom (development of games for beginners and focused on
the development of a client base for virtual worlds 3D).
Jordan‘s Oasis 500, a main incubator in the region, has also strongly encouraged the
development of the online games ecosystem by setting up an interactive electronic games
laboratory which provides information on the design principles of online games.
7.4 Radio publicity and external publicity
Arab Media Outlook 2011-2015 indicates that in 2011, the radio publicity revenue in Jordan
is estimated at 11 million USD. The forecast is that there will be an 11% growth of the
average annual growth rate (AAGR) during the forecast period from 2011 to 2015.
Most of the thirty radio stations in Jordan are commercial stations playing Arabic and English
pop music. A number of community radios have been set up such as Farah Alnas (radio for
women and youth) and radio stations broadcasting from the Jordanian University in Amman.
Amongst the most popular radios in Jordan are: Radio Fann relaunched in 2011 and Hala
FM which is owned by the Jordanian Armed Forces and which was launched in October
2010 and broadcasts news and songs.
External publicity is estimated at approx. 7% of all the publicity revenue, and represents a
much higher rate than the one achieved by the magazines and digital publicity. The
estimations of Arab Media Outlook suggest a slight increase of external publicity which would
reach 8% in terms of global market share.
Like the whole region and compared with the other platforms, external publicity is less
subject to the impact of online migration. Arab Media Outlook forecasts strong growth of the
AAGR attaining 12% during the projected period.
48
8. AUDIOVISUAL SERVICES ON REQUEST AND VIDEO SHARE SITES
8.1 Online audiovisual services on demand
Ro‘ya TV is one of the rare radiobroadcasters in the Middle East providing an online catch-up
television service. The web site of the channel http://www.roya.tv/ provides free videos of all
its programmes and news streaming. There are also links to all the channel‘s programmes.
A payable option is also available for the VOD content as well as for the direct transmission
of programmes of different categories and televized series on the site http://www.my-tv.us/ .
From Brazil, my-tv.us proposes for tele-internauts 29 top-range Arabic channels, Arabic
films and Egypian, Syrian, Jordania televized series etc.. Amongst the Jordanian channels,
there are also Karameesh TV et Taha TV.
Istikana1, one of the main portals of on demand audiovisual services in the region,
announced in February 2013, a partnership with the Umniah2 Jordanian telecommunications
enterprise. This partnership will enable the Umniah 3G subscribers to have access to an
audiovisual treasure of archives of films and Egyptian, Syrian, Jordanian and Arab teleseries.
Thanks to an agreement concluded between Istikana and Arab Radio & Television (ART),
one of the biggest archives of films in the region, the VOD Istikana platform has over 4000
hours of audiovisual archives.
The online audiovisual services provided by Istikana are free at present, but the company is
envisaging adopting a model of payable access in general3.
8.2 Video Share Sites
The development of broadband networks represents an opportunity for the video share
platforms financed through publicity.
In March 2011, Google Arabia announced the launching of geo-location formulas in 8 Arab
countries:
Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia and Yemen4.
Google.com.jo ensures researches in Arabic and English.
It should be pointed out that some time later, Google launched its geo-location formula for
the Lebanon, the eleventh in the MENA5 region.
On 30 April 2012, Google and YouTube in the Middle East and Africa announced the arrival
of the « Home Page ad » on YouTube. The biggest world platform for entertainment in the
MENA region, YouTube thus offers an ad space on the home page.
With over 6.2 million daily online prints from Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Egypt
and Morocco and approx. 5.2 million mobile daily prints making a gigantic impact from the
media viewpoint of media planning. On its blog, Google Arabia announced in October 2012 a
programme to « arabize the Internet » in collaboration with the university world, in order to
offset the domination of English on the Internet and the tendency of Arab Internet users to
1
http://www.istikana.com/
2
Nina Curley, Video-on-Demand Portal Istikana Announces Deal with Umniah in Jordan, Wamda, February 4, 2013,
http://www.wamda.com/2013/02/video-on-demand-portal-istikana-announces-deal-with-umniah-in-jordan
3
Ibid.
4
http://thenextweb.com/me/2011/03/10/youtube-launches-localized-versions-for-mena/
5
http://www.vip4soft.com/news/1338.html
49
write in English. Google has created a tool which makes it possible to transcribe Arabazi
(Arabic written in Latin characters) into traditional1 Arabic characters.
8.3 Branded channels of Jordanian distributors on video share channels
In addition to their own website, some Jordanian channels (like many European channels)
use the possibilities offered by the « branded channels » on video share platforms like
YouTube and Dailymotion.
JTV Jordanian television or JRTV as displayed on its YouTube page on 8 July 2012. On
12/08/2013, the number of subscribers amounted to 3 850 registering 1 300 306 viewings2.
On 22 December 2010, Roya TV created its own channel on YouTube which proposed a
selection of the channel‘s programmes. On 12/08/2013, the channel‘s site had 82 678
subscribers and 30 074 635 viewings3.
On the same date, the content of Karameesh TV channel on You Tube comprised 1 271
videos and recorded 27 539 subscribers and 32 036 viewings4.
8.4 Audience of the online video sites in Jordan
The national cyber-governance programme aims to improve the government‘s performance
in terms of the services delivery, efficacy, precision, rapidity, profitability, transparency, client
satisfaction and inter-governmental integration. The official online administration portal of the
Jordanian government (www.jordan.gov.jo) was launched during the last quarter of 20065.
In its report « ICT Adoption and ICT perspectives in the Arab States region 2012 6, ITU
proposes a table of the 20 most visited sites in Jordan in December 2011, elaborated by
Alexa7. The following table shows the twenty most visited web portals by the internauts in
Jordan. As shown in the table, in the Arab States region, the adoption of online contents in
Arabic is lagging behind compared with the contents offered by world web sites such as
Facebook, Google and Youtube. The innovative local portals are Sarayanews.com,
Khaberni.com and ammonnews.net : online information sites which take up the tenth, twelfth
and fourteenth places of the most visited sites by the Jordanian internet users 8.
1
Google Arabia blog, 5 December 2012; http://google-arabia.blogspot.fr/
2
http://www.youtube.com/user/JRTVChannel/about
3
http://www.youtube.com/user/RoyaTV/about
4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33e-wOSvMdw
5
moict.gov.jo/MoICT_StrategicAgreements.aspx.
6
ICT Adoption and prospects in the Arab region 2012, Summit, connecting the Arab World 2012, International
Telecommunications Union (ITU) ; http://www.itu.int/pub/D-IND-AR-2012
7
(Alexa is a site (branch of Amazon Inc.) which produces international classifications and per country of the Internet sites
visited. The reliability of these ratings is contested by the Internet audience rating specialists, as it is based on a less elaborate
methodology that those of the audience rating payable services (of the type proposed by Comscore, Nielsen, Médiamétrie). In
situations where non sophisticated ratings are not available, Alexa is nevertheless recognized as a useful indicator. For a m ore
complete and updated classification, see: http://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/JO
8
Op.cit, http://www.itu.int/pub/D-IND-AR-2012
50
8.4.1 Ranking of the most visited web sites in Jordan, December 2011
Rank web site
Targeted users
Site language
by default*
Description
1
Facebook.com
Worldwide
English
Online social network
2
google.jo
Worldwide
Arabic
World search site
3
Youtube.com
Worldwide
English
Video distribution & share site
4
google.com
Worldwide
English
World search site
5
yahoo.com
Worldwide
English
Various online services
6
live.com
Worldwide
English
e-mail services site
7
maktoob.com
Regional
Arabic
8
Kooora.com
Regional
Arabic
Sports
9
blogspot.com
Worldwide
English
Online blogging
10
Sarayanews.com
Local
Arabic
Online information site
11
wikipedia.org
Worldwide
English
Encyclopaedia
12
Khaberni.com
Local
Arabic
13
Twitter.com
Worldwide
English
Online social network
14
ammonnews.net
Local
Arabic
15
xnxx.com
Worldwide
English
Adult content
16
msn.com
Worldwide
English
17
4shared.com
Worldwide
English
Online storage
18
babylon.com
Worldwide
English
Translation software
19
alrai.com
Local
Arabic
20
linkedin.com
Whole world
English
Employment services network
Note: * the language by default is the language which first appears when web site is opened.
Source: Alexa.
Out of the twenty sites mentioned above, several sites have a considerable volume of
videos:
˗
˗
˗
Social network and video share sites : Facebook.com (US), Youtube.com (US),
google.com.jo, (JO)
Information site http://www.khaberni.com (JO), without mentioning the owner. This site
is considered as a central source of information and news about Jordan.
Information site http://www.ammonnews.net/ in Arabic and its English version
http://en.ammonnews.net/ so that the readers can react and instantaneously post their
comments on local and regional developments.(private site and no mention of the
owner ).
The consultation about the classification of the 20 most popular sites in May 2013 indicates
considerably different results, and in particular the appearance in the classification of six
mainly local and regional news sites.
51
8.4.2 Ranking of the 20 most popular sites in Jordan (by 6 May 2013)
Rank Site
Description
1
Facebook
Social net work
2
Google.jo
Search tool
3
YouTube
Video distribution open platform
4
Google
Search tool
5
Yahoo!
Portal
6
Windows Live
Microsoft (Hotmail) messaging
7
garaanews.com
8
Blogspot.com
Blogging site
9
sarayanews.com
10
kooora.com
Sports
11
khaberni.com
12
panet.co.il
Info & film downloading site, TVseries, etc.
13
Wikipedia
Encyclopaedia
14
alwakeelnews.com
15
Twitter
microblogging social network
16
opensooq.com
Free site for classified ads.
17
Amazon.com
Online Commerce
18
LinkedIn
Professional vocation social network
19
ammonnews.net
20
alghad.com
Portal of Al ghad daily newspaper in Arabic
Source: Alexa; http://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/JO
52
8.5 Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn
8.5.1 Facebook
Whilst the local content sites and the topical political sites are amongst the twenty best sites
in the country, Facebook is the most popular social site in Jordan, with a 90.85% penetration
rate, followed by YouTube and Twitter.
Facebook users in the Arab region , 2011
(Ranked according to Internet user penetration rate )
Country
Population
Internet users
Facebook users
FB penetration
(Population)
FB penetration
(Internet users)
Jordan
6, 249,000
2, 187,519
1, 987,400
31.80%
90.85%
Tunisia
10, 732,470
3, 432,988
2, 799,260
26.08%
81.54%
Lebanon
4, 222,835
1, 730,914
1, 367,220
32.38%
78.99%
UAE
8, 494,706
4, 574,578
2, 769,020
32.60%
60.53%
Syria
21, 381,110
5, 113,749
2, 932,680*
13.72%
57.35%
Palestine
4, 231,084
1, 280,172
711,440
16.81%
55.57%
Kuwait
3, 697,292
1, 853,394
880,720
23.82%
47.52%
Bahreïn
1, 316,750
715,928
316,340
24.02%
44.19%
Egypt
81, 348,421
21, 671,400
9, 391,580
11.54%
43.34%
Qatar
1, 707,756
854,958
323,280
18.93%
37.81%
Algeria
37, 100,000
7, 767,641
2, 835,740
7.64%
36.51%
KSA
28, 376,355
13, 600,000
4, 534,760
15.98%
33.34%
Morocco
32, 419,800
12, 728,464
4, 075,500
12.57%
32.02%
Oman
2, 859,456
1, 146,880
362,280
12.67%
31.59%
Libya
6, 000,000
1, 355,796
391,880
6.53%
28.90%
Iraq
33, 564,325
5, 510,556
1, 303,760
3.88%
23.66%
Sudan
41, 919,367
6, 959,517
1, 440,740*
3.44%
20.70%
Yemen
24, 312,000
3, 327,558
318,420
1.31%
9.57%
Source: internetworldstats.com , *Arab Social Media Report by Dubai School of Government, figures dated June '12
According to Madar Research Developement, by 6 September 2012, Jordan ranked 56th in the
world classification of Facebook penetration in relationship with the population with 2, 456,100
users.
53
In terms of Facebook penetration compared with the number of internauts in 2011, Jordan
was in the 1st class in the MENA region, with a 90.85% penetration rate. Tunisia came
second with an 81.54% penetration rate followed by Lebanon with 78.99 %.
The Arab ICT Use - 20121 report stresses the importance of some factors which visibly
contribute to the increased rate of Facebook penetration amongst the Internet users in some
countries. The record 90.85% achieved by Jordan is doubtlessly partly due to the creation of
several Facebook accounts by the same user. According to the same source, this is the case
in most of the countries in the region because of the constraints imposed on the freedom of
expression. This incites some people, especially those involved in political activism and who
are worried in using their own account, to spread the information through other accounts.
The 2011 figures in the following table give more information on Facebook penetration per
population and per Internet users in each Arab country.
Egypt occupied the first place amongst the Arab countries and ranked 21st in the world
classification of Facebook users with a penetration rate of 9.83% in 6 months. Saudi Arabia
was in second place with 5.24 million users followed by Morocco in the third position with
4.72 million.
By 6th September 2012, the number of Arab Facebook users amounted to 46, 422,540, i.e.
approx. 5% of the rate of users on a world wide2 level.
Use of Facebook in the Arab region (per number of users)
On 6 September 2012
World
ranking
Country
No. Of users
Increase 6 months
% change
21
Egypt
11, 472,400
+983,820
9.39%
32
KSA
5, 240,720
+97,080
1.89%
37
Morocco
4, 764,560
+338,240
7.67%
43
Algeria
3, 736,440
+407,880
12.25%
47
Tunisia
3, 157,860
+204,060
6.90%
48
UAE
3, 078,000
+168,140
5.78%
n.a
Syria*
2, 932,680
−
−
56
Jordan
2, 456,100
+232,100
10.43%
62
Iraq
2, 087,760
+536,220
34.58%
71
Lebanon
1, 519,660
+78,660
5.45%
n.a
Sudan*
1, 440,740
−
−
81
Palestine
1, 012,980
+95,760
10.47%
86
Koweït
772,440
-127,520
-14.19%
89
Qatar
699,420
+126,600
44.99%
95
Libya
633,640
+168,960
36.36%
96
Yemen
576,500
+140,420
32.20%
102
Oman
485,140
+63,780
15.11%
110
Bahreïn
355,500
+10,620
3.07%
46, 422,540
3, 524,820
n.a
TOTAL
Source: www.socialbakers.com *Arab Social Media Report by Dubai School of Government, figures dated June '12;
http://www.madarresearch.com/
1
Arab ICT Use and Social Networks Adoption Report - 2012, Madar Research & Development, Sponsored by: KACST, Dubai,
United Arab Emirates, p. 89;
http://www.kacst.edu.sa/en/about/publications/Other%20Publications/Arab%20ICT%20Use%20Report%202012.pdf
2
Ibid
54
In the MENA region, and more precisely in the south Mediterranean partner countries
of the Audiovisual Euromed Programme, Jordan, with 2.4 million users, is in the 6 th
position, preceding Lebanon which occupies the 71 st place in the world classification
with 1.5 million users, and Palestine (1.1 million). Egypt has the 21 st world ranking and
is at the top of the list in terms of Facebook users in the region with 11.4 million.
Morocco, 37th world ranking with 4.7 million users, is followed by Algeria and Tunisia
with 3.7 et 3.1 million users and respectively occupying the 43rd et 47th places in world
ranking.
With Libya, with 633.640 estimated Facebook users, the number of Facebook users in
the south Mediterranean countries amounts to 31, 686, 320.
Facebook users in South Mediterranean countries
( On 6 September 2012)
1.1
Palestine
1.5
Lebanon
2.4
Jordana
Users (prr millions)
2.9
Syria
3.1
Tunisia
3.7
Algeria
4.7
Morocco
11.4
Egypt
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Source: www.socialbakers.com *Arab Social Media Report by Dubai School of Government, figures dated
June '12; http://www.madarresearch.com/
Share of Facebook users per gender (Men / Women)
In some south Mediterranean countries, May 2013
Jordan
Morocco
38%
41%
59%
The share of Facebook users in Jordan is 59% for
men and 41% for women, compared with 58% and
42% in Tunisia.
62%
In Morocco, the share is 62% for men and
38% for women, compared with 67% and 33% in
Algeria.
55
Lebanon
Egypt
36%
45%
55%
64%
The share of Facebook users, men in Egypt est is
64% against 36% for women, compared with 59%
and 41% in Palestine.
In Lebanon, the share is 55% for men against
45% for women, compared with 65% and 35% in
Libya.
Source: http://www.socialbakers.com/facebook-statistics/ ; consulted on 25/05/2013
8.5.2 LinkedIn
LinkedIn is a professional network for the business world linking professionals or job seekers
with employers and heads of enterprises. LinkedIn is not a social entertainment network like
Facebook, but rather a network bringing together professionals of the same opinion.
On 2 August 2012, there were 175 million LinkedIn members in the world. The United States
are in the first place in terms of the number of users which amount to 65, 445,702 users; the
penetration rate per population amounts to 21.10% of the total population 1.
As for the MENA region, the United Arab Emirates are in the lead with 1, 002,568 users, with
a penetration rate of 11.80% per population, and a penetration rate per Internet users of
21.92%2.
Preceded by Qatar and Bahreïn, Jordan is in the fourth position in the region with 178,425
LinkedIn users, a penetration rate per population of 2.92% and a penetration rate of 9.47%
per Internet users.
Arab users of LinkedIn – September 2012
(Classification per penetration rate of Internet users. )
World
ranking
Country
Population
Internet
users
LinkedIn
users
Penetration
(Population)
Penetration
( Internet
users )
22
UAE
8, 494,706
4, 574,578
1, 002,568
11.80%
21.92%
45
Qatar
1, 707,756
854,958
181,593
10.63%
21.24%
49
Bahreïn
1, 316,750
715,928
92,529
7.03%
12.92%
47
Jordan
6, 113,000
1, 884,599
178,425
2.92%
9.47%
48
Koweït
3, 697,292
1, 853,394
169,572
4.59%
9.15%
23
KSA
28, 376,355
13, 600,000
681,939
2.40%
5.01%
37
Egypt
81, 348,421
21, 671,400
596,163
0.73%
2.75%
Source: http//www.socialbakers.com cited ins Arab ICT Use and Social Networks Adoption report
1
Arab ICT Use and Social Networks Adoption Report – 2012, Madar Research & Development, Sponsored by: KACST
Dubai, United Arab Emirates, op.cit, p.93
2
Ibid.
56
8.5.3 Twitter
Twitter‘s environment is more dynamic than any other online social tool and the frequency of
its use is directly related to the major national or international events affecting its users and
determining their need to instantly share news and opinions. These events could be a natural
or man-made disaster, an election campaign, a major social or sporting event or any other
event with the capacity to provoke interest and/or controversy.
Such events can cause a peak in Twitter use or lead to steady growth over longer periods of
time. In the case of the Arab world, political and popular upheavals underway since 2011 in
several Arab States, a movement known as the « Arab spring » have contributed to a
marked increase in the use of Twitter during that year. Depending on the intensity of events
unfolding, the frequency of Twitter use progressed or slowed down accordingly.
According to Twitter: more than 280 millions tweets per day were sent all over the world in
February 20121. The Arab Social Media Report, stated that in March 2012, 18 Arab countries
recorded a daily average of 3.64 millions tweets accounting for 1.3 % of world tweets. The
report indicated an increase in the use of Arabic compared to other languages, estimating
that 62.1% of these tweets were in Arabic (i.e 2.26 millions tweets), whereas 32.6 % were in
English and 5.3% were in other languages2.
Twitter penetration in southern Mediterranean countries, June 2012
(Ranked by Twitter penetration )
Rank
Country
Internet
Penetration
Twitter*Penetration
Twitter penetration
(Internet Users)
1
Lebanon
43.52%
1.83%
4.20%
2
Jordan
37.02%
0.95%
2.56%
3
Palestine
33.46%
0.79%
2.35%
4
Egypt
29.39%
0.36%
1.22%
5
Morocco
45.24%
0.11%
0.26%
6
Tunisia
35.02%
0.11%
0.32%
7
Libya
23.24%
0.07%
0.31%
8
Syria
25.52%
0.05%
0.20%
9
Algeria
23.56%
0.02%
0.10%
TOTAL
295.97%
4.29%
11.52%
Source: Figures from Arab Twitter Penetration by Country, June 2012 (Ranked by Twitter Penetration), MRD,
*Arab Social Media Report
1
Cited in Arab ICT Use and Social networks Adoption report – 2012, op.cit. 101
2
Ibid.
57
Amongst southern Mediterranean countries, Jordan ranks second, as shown in the table
above, with a twitter penetration of 0.95% and 2.56% Twitter penetration by Internet users.
The Arab Social Media Report stresses that Egypt, with the region‘s largest community of
internet users (over 24 million) and only 1.22 % of these Twitter users, presents the greatest
potential for Twitter growth in the Arab world. Morocco also has one of the greatest growth
potentials, with less than 0.3 % of approximately 15 million internet users using Twitter.
Percentage of active Twitter users compared to Internet users in
some Arab countries - June 2012
Egypt
Palestine
Twitter users
Jordan
Lebanon
KSA
Internet users
(non Twitter users)
USE
Qatar
Bahrein
Koweït
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Source: Arab Social Media Report and Madar Research & Development
58
9. THE FILM MARKET
9.1 Background1
Jordanian cinema started in 1958 when a group of young, motivated Jordanians designed
filming, development and editing equipment. At the same time, another group set to work on
the first Jordanian feature film lasting over 90 minutes, Struggle in Jerash or Seraa fi
Garesh by the filmmaker Fakhri Abaza , directed by Wassef El Sheikh Yassin.
In 1964, thanks to a similar collective undertaking, the second Jordanian feature film My dear
homeland or Watani habibi by Abdallah Akoush came into being. The film's pamphlet
emphasized the fact that it was a purely Jordanian piece of work : screenplay, production,
actors and director. A huge military presence was assigned to the film to ensure it became
the starting point of the Jordanian film industry. The film pictured the victories of the Arab
army against Israeli military forces through a love story that was reminiscent of Egyptian
storylines of the times.
In the mid-sixties, the director Farouk Agrama released his feature film Storm over Petra or
Assefa Ala El Batra’a. The film was a coproduction between Jordan, Lebanon and Italy. The
« Italian International » company handled international distribution while the « Petra »
company dealt with local and Arab distribution.
The end of the sixties saw the production of two feature films by the director Abdel Wahab El
Hendi. The first, The road to Jerusalem (Al Tarik Ila Al-Quds), and the second Struggle until
liberation (Keffah hatta el tahrir). These two films were known for weaknesses in their
screenplays and filming techniques.
Jordanian television produced several feature films in the early seventies. Amongst which :
The Balfour Declaration (Waed Belfor) by the filmmaker Ahmed El Anani ; The Viper (Al
Afaa) that represented Jordan at the Damascus Film Festival in 1972 ; the short film The
Green Branch (Al Ghosn al akhdar) that won a prize at the Oberhausen Festival and finally
the local comedy : The Twelth Son (Al Ibn al thani ashr). At the same time, the director
Mohamed Azizeyah made his feature film The Beggar (Al Shahaz) in 1972.
In 1986, the short film The Shoe (Al Heza’a), by the filmmaker Mohamed Tamilah and the
director Mohamed Olwah revealed the hardships of a family living in a Jordanian refugee
camp. The film was screened in several Arab and international festivals.
Many years went by before any new productions came to enrich Jordanian cinematography.
The feature film Oriental Story (Hekaya Sharkeya) by Najdat Anzour came out in 1991.
Faysal Al Zoebi 's two short films: Not Quite Exactly (Lays kazalek tamaman) 40 min long
and The Chameleon (Al Herba’a) 24 min long which is an adaptation of a tale by the
famous Russian author, Anton Chekov, came out during the same year. Dealing with the
Arab Israeli conflict, in its different historical, civilisation and religious dimensions, Faysal Al
Zoebi's first short film Not Quite Exactly tries to break away from the ideological treatment of
the conflict by focussing on its sentimental and human repercussions. The last short film from
1991 is by Ihab El Khatib: The Leaves of the Sea (Awrak El Bahr).
1
Najeh Hassan, Thresholds of joy , (Atabat Al bahja), Fadaat, Amman, 2012. See also by the same author Screens of Darkness,
Screens of light, writing of Jordanian films, (Shashat al atma, Shashat al nour, Ketaba fi aflam ordoniyah), Ministry of Culture,
Amman, 2003. These books, in Arabic, by the Jordanian author and film critic, Najeh Hassan are amongst the rare Jordanian
and Arab references on the history of Jordanian cinema available to provide an historical overview.
59
The year 1994 was marked by the release of three short films directed by Nabil Al Shoumari
in cooperation with the director Abdel Hakim Abou Jalila. These were: The Dress (Al
Thawb); Good Morning (Sabah Al Kheir) and The Discovery (Al Ektechaf).
9.2 Department of film and photography
The first institution dedicated to film production in the Hashemite Kingdom was founded in
1964 and was known as the ―Department of Film and Photography ―. The department used to
depend on the ministry of culture and information. It was essentially in charge of the
production and distribution of films both inside and outside the Kingdom. 1
Most documentaries and short films produced by this department were largely focussed on
Arab rights in Palestine and sought to bring Israel‘s violent intentions to the notice of world
public opinion.
Besides films devoted to promoting tourism in Jordan, the following titles sought to defend
the Palestinian cause:
-
A year after the Defeat (Am baed al-nakssah)
Industries of Men ( Massane‘ Al Rejal)
The Establishment of Israel is Illegal (Qeyam Israël gheir kanouni)
In 1968, the department was attached to Jordanian television which provided filmmakers and
professionals with training abroad in order to promote the establishment of a national film
industry. This explains the flourish in film production that lasted until the mid-seventies before
it entered its decades long decline.
At the same time, the stagnation of local production did not prevent the development of
private companies and institutions specialised in film production outside the country,
particularly in Egypt, Lebanon and Turkey, using the distribution capacity of Egyptian films
throughout the Arab countries. This also explains why Jordanian capital was unable to invest
in Jordanian film production despite the presence of qualified operators and of cinemas.
9.3 The film industry in Jordan: realities and prospects
Already in the early 2000s, the Jordanian film industry had embarked on a new path. Young
film-makers and directors who had followed trainings provided by the Royal Film Commission
aspired to and obtained production subsidies from this same institution, and managed to put
their stamp on the local and Arab cinematographic landscape with new energizing works.
Yet, the many audiovisual and film production companies present in the Kingdom did not call
upon the creative potential of these young Jordanians. Companies preferred to invest in
television programmes and series rather than to provided the necessary equipment and
infrastructure to the film industry or provide funding to young people to produce films. This
approach also explains the absence of mechanisms to organise festivals, forums and
workshops on the cinema.
1
Najeh Hassan, thresholds of joy , (Atabat Al bahja), op.cit.
60
Thus, more than fifty years after the release of the first Jordanian feature film, Conflict at
Garesh, and in the absence of private and public initiatives to establish a proper film industry
in the country, feature and short films nevertheless managed to emerge, thanks primarily to
individual efforts. Admittedly, many of the films produced over the last ten years were made,
in one way or another, with the help of the Royal Film Commission. Although, it must be
pointed out that the institution is more a place providing training in the different aspects of
filmmaking than an institution geared only to film production.
9.4 The Royal Film Commission
The Royal Film Commission (RFC)1 was established with a vision to develop an
internationally competitive Jordanian film industry.
Created under the Law n. 27 of 2003 on The Royal Film Commission and approved
according to Law n. 22 published by Parliament in 2008, the RFC is a financially and
administratively autonomous Jordanian governmental organisation directed by a Board of
Commissioners chaired by His Royal Highness Prince Ali Bin Al Hussein.
La RFC reflects His Majesty's King Abdullah II's wish to see Jordan play a cultural and
economic role of regional and international standing. The RFC is a member of the
‘Association for Film Commissioners International (AFCI)2
Missions
˗
˗
˗
˗
˗
˗
1
2
Encourage Jordanians and Middle-Easterners to tell their stories in order to contribute
to multicultural understanding and promote freedom of expression ;
Create educational programmes for Jordanians working or wishing to work in the film
industry ;
Promote a cinema culture throughout Jordan in order to provide spectators with a
broad variety of quality films ;
Position Jordan as a destination for international audiovisual productions by providing
studios and the necessary creative resources as well as technical and financial
assistance ;
Provide administrative and support services for local, regional and international
productions ;
Provide employment in all areas of cinematographic art.
http://www.film.jo/
http://www.afci.org/
61
Production Services
The RFC provides productions with the following services:
˗
˗
˗
˗
˗
˗
Obtaining of required permits within four days
Assistance in choosing filming locations
Facilitating customs clearance of technical equipment.
Provide a local workforce at competitive prices
Consultation with the public and private sectors
Providing financial support
Screenings
The Royal Film Commission organises regular film screenings both in Amman and in the
different towns of the Kingdom. In developing a local cinema-going audience, the RFC seeks
to develop the necessary base for a strong and sustainable Jordanian film industry.
A variety of short-films, documentaries and feature films by Jordanian, Arab and foreign
filmmakers are thus shown. It may be noted that all events sponsored by the RFC are free
and enable spectators to see quality films that are screened neither in commercial cinemas
nor on television. Directors, film-makers and film critics are often present after the film show
for a debate with the public.
The RFC has entered into partnerships with the Ismailia Film Festival for Shorts and
Documentaries (Egypt), the European Commission and the French embassy. These
partnerships enable the RFC to show international films of different genres that are rarely
screened in Jordanian commercial cinemas.
Since 2010, a bus fitted out by Orange Telecommunications and the RFC, tours the four
corners of the Kingdom showing educational and entertainment films for children who have
very little access to cultural activities.
Studios
The RFC is working to create and develop studios with the essential equipment required for
any film production.1
Audiovisual archives
In cooperation with Jordanian Television and the Centre National du Cinéma (CNC, France)
and French experts, the RFC has started implementing a project to set up the Jordanian
audiovisual archives.2
9.4.1 Jordan Film Fund (JFF)
The Royal Film Commission supports activities and programmes designed to develop the
potential of an independent film industry with a view to ensuring its economic viability and
continuity. To this end, the Jordan Film Fund (JFF) was established in 2011 to provide the
financial and professional assistance necessary to the development and production of film
projects.
1
The Royal Film Commission Guide.
2
Ibid.
62
Through the allocation of funds to production, development and postproduction, the JFF's
mission consists in enabling film-makers to tell their stories and create new jobs in the
Kingdom‘s film industry. ,
Financial assistance is provided on the basis of criteria linked to the quality and the success
potential of the film project submitted. The total budget allocated in the form of financial
assistance to film projects in 2012 amounted to 500.000 JOD or 533.153 EUR 1.
The JFF's second edition provided grants to 19 films. Commenting on the results of the JFF
Jury for the 2013 subsidies, the Director General of the RFC declared: « ―This year most of
the projects submitted tackled important current issues, and were of very high standards. We
are confident that our support for these projects will contribute to the development of the
Arab and Jordanian Film Industry»2. The results were to be announced at the end of 2012,
but due to government budget restrictions, the meetings of the Jury were postponed.
The winning projects in the second cycle of grants provided by the JFF, included feature and
short films (fiction and documentary) in production, development and post-production
phases. The following films won grants:
Production of feature films:
1. The Kidnap (Director : Dima Hamdan; Producer: Pascal Diot)
2. Long Live Saddam (Director: Katia Jarjoura; Producer: Khalid Haddad)
3. 3000 Nights (Director: Mai Masri; Producer: Rami Yasin)
Production of documentaries:
1. The Shortcut (Director : Bahaa Hussien; Producer : Dalia Thafer Nimer)
2. Borhan (Director : Mahmoud Massad; Producer : Omar Massad)
3. I am here (Director: Vesna Orehovac; Producer: Tayseer Masharqah)
Development of feature films:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Solid Water (Film-maker: Bashar Abbas; Producer: Ahmad Aqeel)
200 Meters (Film-maker: Ameen Nayfeh; Producer: Lama Abu Hassan)
The Collaborator of Bethlehem (Film-maker: Hani Naimi; Producer: Linda Mutawi)
Me, Myself and Murdoch (Film- maker: Yahya Abdallah; Producer: Rula Nasser)
Bed Mattress Story (Film-maker: Nawal Abo Arqoob; Producer: Tayseer Masharqah)
Development of fiction documentaries:
1. Occupy Culture: The Axis of Evolution (Film-maker and producer : Linda Mutawi)
2. A Doctor Who Shall Remain Unnamed (Film-maker: Dalia Al Kury; Producer: Nadine
Kirresh)
Short film production:
1. The Wheel (Director : Said Zagha; Producer: Akram Al Ashqar and Ahmad Al Khatib)
2. The Jordanian Spinster (Director: Hanadi Elyan; Producer : Laila Abbas)
1
Converted using the exchange rates posted by Aonda currency converter : http://www.oanda.com
2
See ―The Jordan Film Fund Announces Grants to 19 Cinematic Projects‖, Sat, 06/15/2013,
http://www.film.jo/?q=node/10473;
63
3. Report (Director : Muhammad El Khairy; Producer: Mervat Aksoy)
4. The Kidnapping (Director : Rakan Mayyasi; Producer: Fahda Bandar)
5. Al Yasmeen (Director Mais Salman; Producer: Sahem Muheisen)
6. Virgin of Ignorance Era (Director: Median Mustafa; Producer: Tayseer Masharqah)
The jury that year consisted of the Lebanese film critic Ibrahim Al-Ariss, the Syrian Director
Nabil Al-Maleh, the Lebanese director, Hady Zaccak, the Jordnaian film critic, Mahmoud
Zawawi, as well as George David and Nada Doumani from RFC.
9.4.2 The « Alternative cinema project »
Through the partnership between RFC and The Jordanian Higher Council for Youth (HYC), a
selection of films was shown in all Jordanian governorates where no cinemas existed. With
other partners such as the cultural centres, local and international foundations, the RFC
organized thematic screenings throughout the year.
In September 2007, the Royal Film Commission launched the Alternative Cinema project in
cooperation with the Higher Council for Youth. The project consists of developing and
disseminating film culture amongst young people and civil society in the various
governorates of the Kingdom.
To implement the project, the Commission managed to obtain rights for many high quality
films in order to screen them in the youth centres of 12 Jordanian governorates. By making
the films accessible to all, the Alternative Cinema‘s main goal was to disseminate a film
culture by providing the public with the opportunity of seeing local and foreign films. Similarly,
the project supports film professionals in the Kingdom by promoting the screening of their
film, providing them with the possibility of showing their experience and establishing a
dialogue with the public.
Alternative Cinema‘s successful initiative over several years incited the Royal Film
Commission and the ministry of youth and sport to renew the Alternative Cinema‘s
Memorandum on 10 January 20121.
Trainings and workshops
Training activities provided by the RFC include workshops, seminars and debates on the film
industry, animation, filming, cinematography, editing and production. Training programmes
target members of all ages. To achieve its goals the RFC set up six Film-clubs in cooperation
with the Jordanian Fund For Human Development, in Irbid, Taybeh, Aqaba and Madaba ;
and at Zarqa in cooperation with the Community Development Committee (CDC). These film
clubs serve educational and entertainment purposes. Young people, guided by instructors,
were invited to tell their stories through films.
Cooperation with regional and international partners plays a very important role in providing
know-how and added value to RFC‘s various educational programmes. We might mention,
for example, cooperation with the University of Southern California (USC) and the Sundance
Institute. The RFC has established other partnerships with film professionals and institutions
in the Middle East, such as Egypt, Abu Dhabi, Lebanon, Iraq, Palestine, Tunisia and Syria.
1
http://www.film.jo/?q=ar/node/10121
64
On the regional level, the RFC organises the Annual Rawi Screenwriters‘ Lab, providing
independent Arab filmmakers with the opportunity of developing their screenplay. Moreover,
the rawi Alumni Support Program supports filmmakers during these creative sessions so as
to help them crystallize their project.
Three feature films; «Transit Cities», «The last Friday» and «Dalia’s Drama» were produced
as part of RFC educational programmes where Jordanian filmmakers were able to produce
their narrative film while being professionally monitored.
9.4.3 The Film House
Located in an old Amman villa built in 1919, and bought in 2006 by the RFC Board, the Film
House seeks to become a local and regional centre for creativity and cinematography,
developing talents and promoting a network of artists and filmmakers. It is the first centre of
its kind in Jordan.
Interested persons can view films, initiate and develop their own projects in the Film House
with the help of various resources:
˗
˗
˗
˗
˗
˗
The film library, including DVDs, equipped with seven screening units.
The workshop area equipped with a projector, a screen and a sound mixer.
An equipment bank that rents cameras, sound recording and lighting equipment.
Eight computers equipped with editing software. (Avid and Final Cut Pro)
A terrace with a seating capacity of 250 with a broad view over the citadel and the
center of Amman.
A state of the art sound unit
Jordan served as a filming location for many local and international productions, including the
titles figuring in the following table.
65
Year
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
Title
Cool Water
Zero Dark Thirty
Shatru
Al-Dakheel
Facebook Romance
Krrish 3
Savior
Over-Sized Coat
Last Days on Mars
Similar Differences* en post-production
My Love Awaits by the Sea* en post-production
When Time Becomes a Woman
May in the Summer
The United
The Viral Facto
Hamilton: In The Interest of the Nation
Lamma Shoftak
Power Struggle: Season 2
Prometheus
When Monaliza Smiled
Line of Sight
InchAllah
Viswaroopam
7 Hours Difference
Bedouin
The Devils Double
The Killer Elite
Peace After Marriage
The Last Friday
Power Struggle
Transit Cities
Fish Above Sea Level
Cherkess
This is my Picture when I was Dead
Scorched
Fair Game
Cheluveye…Ninne Nodalu
Viver A Vida
Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen
Kajaare
31 North 62 East
Morgan Palsson
The Shooting of Thomas Hurndall
Hurt Locker
Director
Ali Samadi Ahadi
Kathryn Bigelow
Raj Chakraborty
Naji Abu Nuwar
Dr. Mohydeen Quandour
Rakesh Rochan
Robert Savo
Nawras Abu Saleh
Ruairi Robinson
Mohamed Lutfi
Mais Darwazeh
Ahmad Alyaseer
Cherien Daibes
Amin Matalqa
Dante Lam
Katherine Windfeld
Annemarie Jacir
Al Jazeera Childrens Channel
Ridley Scott
Fadi Haddad
Aseel Mansour
Anais Barbean - Lavalette
Chandrahaasan
Dima Amr
Igor Voloshi
Warren Lee Tamahori
Gary McKendry
Bandar Albuliwi & Ghazi Albuliwi
Yehya Abdullah
Al Jazeera Childrens Channel
Mohamed Hushki
Hazim Bitar
Mohieddine Quandour
Mahmoud al-Massad
Denis Villeneuve
Doug Liman
Raghu Ram
Jayme Mojardim
Michael Bay
Pooja Bhatt
Tristan Loraine
Fredrik Boklund
Rowan Joffe
Kathryn Bigelow
66
Country of production
Germany
USA
India
Jordan
Jordan
India
Belgium
Jordan
United Kingdom
Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
USA
China
Sweden
Palestine
United Kingdom
USA
Jordan
Jordan
Canada
India
Jordan
Russia
Belgium
Australia
USA
Jordan
United Kingdom
Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
Canada
USA
India
Brazil
USA
India
USA
Sweden
United Kingdom
USA
2006
2005
2004
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1993
1991
1989
1984
1977
1971
1970
1965
1962
1960
1957
Mission
Captain Abu Raed
Redacted
Battle for Haditha
A Lost Man
Recycle
The Holy Family
A Journey to Iraq
The Soccer Academy
Free Zone
The Search for John the Baptist
Where is Iraq?
Die Baghdad Bahn
Waiting
Spiritual Warriors
Lawrence of Arabia: The Battle for the Arab World
Gerry
The Mummy Returns
Son of God
Red Planet
Mission to Mars
Don‘t Forget Your Passport
Hedersmord
Mortal Kombat: Annihilation
Son of the Pink Panther
An Oriental Story
Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade
The Ambassador
Sinbad and the Eye of the Tiger
The Snake
The Storm
Storm on Petra
Lawrence of Arabia
Watani Habibi
Orient
Struggle in Jerash
Hammad Zou‘by
Amin Matalqa
Brian de Palma
Nick Broomfield
Danielle Arbid
Mahmoud Al Massad
Raffaele Merts
Benjamin Wilbanks
Christina Coppola
Amos Gitai
Mark Hufnail
Baz Shamoun
Roland May
Rashid Mashrawi
David Raynr
James Hawes
Gus Van Sant
Stephen Sommers
Jean-Claude Bragand
Anthony Hoffman
Brian de Palma
Gordon Sivell
Peter Lfgren & Lena Pettersson
John Leonetti
Blake Edwards
Najdat Anzour
Steven Spielberg
J.Lee Thompson
Sam Wanamaker
Jalal Toumeh
Roger Cardinal
Farouk Ajrama
David Lean
Abdallah Kawash
Arne Hverven
Wassef Al Sheikh
Source: Royal Film Commission - Jordan, Jordan's Hall of Films; http://www.film.jo/?q=node/297
67
Jordan
Jordan
USA - Canada
United Kingdom
France
Jordan
Italy
USA
USA
Spain - France- Israel – Belgium
USA
Canada
Germany
Palestine
USA
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
USA
United Kingdom
USA - Australia
USA
Canada
Sweden
USA
USA - Italy
Jordan
USA
USA
United Kingdom
Jordan
Canada
Jordan
United Kingdom
Jordan
Norway
Jordan
9.5 Film production in Jordan
9.5.1 Films produced in 2007-2012
The Royal Film Commission provided us with the titles of films produced between 20007 and
2012. According to this document, Jordan produced 17 feature films and 6 documentaries
during this period.
List of Jordanian films produced in 2007- 2012
Year
Film
Director
Type
Al-Dakheel
Naji Abu Nuwar
Feature
Similar Differences
Mohamed Lutfi
Feature
My Love Awaits by the Sea
Mais Darwazeh
Documentary
When Time Becomes a Woman
Ahmad Alyaseer
Feature
Facebook Romance
Mohydeen Qandour
Feature
May in the Summer
Cherien Daibes
Feature
Over-Sized Coat
Nawras Abu Saleh
Feature
Line of Sight
Aseel Masour
Feature
When Monalisa Smiled
Fadi Haddad
Feature
A 7 Hour Difference
Deema Amr
Feature
The Last Friday
Yahya Alabdallah
Feature
Uncle Nashaat
Aseel Mansour
Documentary
Transit Cities
Mohamed Hushki
Feature
Fish Above Sea Level
Hazim Bitar
Feature
Cherkess
Mohieddine Quandour
Feature
This is my Picture when I was Dead
Mahmoud al-Massad
Documentary
The United
Amin Matalqa
Feature
2009
Amreeka*
Cherien Dabis
Feature
2008
Perforated Memory
Sandra Madi
Documentary
The Mission
Hammad Zou‘by
Feature
Captain Abu Raed
Amin Matalqa
Feature
Recycle
Mahmoud Al Massad
Documentary
Always Look them in the Eyes
Azza el Hassan
Documentary
2012
2011
2010
2007
*This Jordanian film was shot outside Jordan Source: Royal Film Commission - January 2013
Jordanian films produced 2007-2010
20
15
17
10
6
5
0
Fiction
Documentary
Source: Royal Film Commission - unpublished - January 2013
68
9.5.2 Production companies
Besides productions financed by the Royal Film Commission and individual production
initiatives, there is a number of private film and audiovisual production companies in Jordan
as listed below:
Film and audiovisual production companies in Jordan
Name of the company
Paper and pen film company for cinematographic production
Taef Institution for cinema and TV production
Name of the company (in Arabic)
‫شركة أفالم ورقة وقلم لإلنتاج السينمائي‬
‫مؤسسة طيف لإلنتاج السينمائي والتلفزيوني‬
Prime Time Production
‫برايم تايم لإلنتاج‬
Arab Telemedia Group
‫المركز العربي للخدمات السمعية البصرية‬
Pionneer Audiovisual Society
Albert Haddad Production
‫شركة الرواد للصوتيات والمرئيات‬
‫شركة البير حداد لإلنتاج‬
Hakaya Amman for artistic production and distribution
‫حكايا عمّان لإلنتاج والتوزيع الفني‬
Al Shrouk institution for audiovisaul production
‫مؤسسة الشروق لإلنتاج اإلعالمي‬
Amman Filmmakers Cooperative
Immagination for film industry
Sanodkhan Film Production
612 Film laboratory
‫تعاونية عمان لصناعة األفالم‬
‫ايمجيشن لصناعة األفالم‬
‫سانودخان لالنتاج السينمائى‬
‫ لألفالم‬612 ‫معمل‬
Source: Najeh Hassan Entries joy Readings Jordanian films, op.cit.
9.5.3 Amman Filmmakers Cooperative1
Founded as a Film club in 2002, by Hazim Bitar, the Amman Filmmakers cooperative‘s aim
was to promote
independent Jordanian and Palestinian diasporas filmmaking through
training workshops, monitoring, experimentation and networking. The Cooperative wanted to
enable student filmmakers to produce films with the help of amateur actors using scant
resources and low-cost digital filming tools.
Since 2003, Amman Filmmakers Cooperative graduate directors and actors have made over
50 short films with the highest selection rate in the history of Jordanian cinema. Many of
these films were selected for well-known festivals such as the: Clermont-Ferrand
1
http://jordanianfilms.com/aboutafc.htm
69
International Short Film Festival (France); Huesca International Film Festival (Spain);
Tampere International Short Film Festival (Finland); Seagate-Foyle International Film
Festival (Northern Ireland); Locarno International Film Festival (Switzerland); and were
shown in other regional film festivals such as in Dubai at the Middle East International Film
Festival, in the UAE at the International Film Festival; in Egypt at the Ismailia Film Festival;
at the Tangiers Film Festival in Morocco; in Tunisia at the Carthage Film Festival, etc.1
In 2007, the Cooperative and the Spanish embassy in Jordan entered into cooperation to
launch a project called « Films of Hope » consisting of workshops for underprivileged
Jordanian communities.
In order to promote activities by the graduates of their different workshops the AFC, in
cooperation with local NGOs, set up small production units to enable students to continue
making films after the workshops were over.
To mark the first anniversary of the Arab spring in Jordan and coinciding with the
Cooperative‘s suspension of activities during the Jordanian short film festival, the Amman
Filmmakers Cooperative decided to suspend their activities on 14 May 2012, as a sign of
protest against the assassination, during a peaceful demonstration, of the protesters Khairy
Jamil, Mohammad Ajouri, and Najem Azyzah Zoubi, killed by pro-regime gangsters2.
Nevertheless, the list of training and monitoring workshops the AFC provided is still available
at http://jordanianfilms.com/education.htm despite the suspension of the Cooperative‘s
activities. A limited selection of films produced and directed by Amman Filmmakers
Cooperative students can be accessed through http://youTube.com/JordanianFilms.
9.6 Film distribution
9.6.1 Market shares of production studios- 2012
According to the data provided by Empire, Gulf Films and the Jordanian company Selim
Ramia & Co rank highest in terms of market shares in 2012 with 14.95% and 12.75%
respectively. Empire IND achieved 7.78% and ranked 7th preceded by the American
companies Columbia Pictures, Warner Bros, 20th Century Fox, and Paramount whose
shares varied between 8.25% and 9.83%.
The following table shows market shares divided between the 15 major Arab and American
production and distribution companies whose films were distributed in Jordan in 2012, Gulf
Film, Selim Ramia & Co, Columbia Pictures, Warner Bros, Paramount, Empire IND, etc.
1
Ibid.
2
http://jordanianfilms.com/suspend.htm
70
1
GF
Gulf Film
152 321
1 106 285
Market
share
14.95%
2
SR&Co
Selim Ramia & Co
129 833
1 016 153
12.75%
3
COL
Columbia Pictures
100 128
792 508
9.83%
4
WB
Warner Bros
93 483
666 822
9.18%
5
FOX
20th Century Fox
84 027
637 417
8.25%
6
PAR
Paramount
83 431
610 275
8.19%
7
Emp/Ind
Empire IND
79 298
632 528
7.78%
8
UNI
Universal
72 967
524 658
7.16%
9
WD's
Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures
63 637
517 786
6.25%
10
EAG
Eagle Film USA
57 157
423 627
5.61%
11
JG
Jaguar Film
50 674
378 716
4.97%
12
ITAL
Italia Film (ind )
28 692
206 069
2.82%
13
PP
Prime
21 276
160 981
2.09%
14
IND
Others
859
6 891
0.08%
15
JC
Joseph Chacra & Sons ( ind )
852
6 116
0.08%
1 018 635
7 686 832
100.00%
Name of the company
Admissions
TOTAL
G.B.O
Market shares of Arab and American production and distribution companies in
in Jordanian cinemas for 2012
PP
IND
JC
2.09% 0.08% 0.08%
ITAL
2.82%
GF
14.95%
JG
4.97%
EAG
5.61%
WD's
6.25%
SR&Co
12.75%
UNI
7.16%
COL
9.83%
Emp/Ind
7.78%
PAR
8.19%
FOX
8.25%
WB
9.18%
Source : Empire International – April 2013
71
9.6.2 Distribution companies
In view of the fact that Selim Ramia & Co and Empire International hold between them more
than 50% of market shares in terms of distribution in Jordanian cinemas in 2012, with total
admissions exceeding 500.000, it seems important to provide an overview of the two
companies below.
Selim Ramia & Co1
Major provider of entertainment services, Selim Ramia & Co was established in 2007,
providing investors, exhibitors and television viewers with new standards in terms cinema
experience. Co-founder of ‗Gulf Film LLC Group, SR & CO is one of the foremost companies
in market share acquisition in Lebanon, Jordan and Syria.
Combining strategic choices in multiplex locations with the latest blockbusters, superior
service and quality food, the Grant Cinemas owned by SR & Co, have, in the space of a few
years, become the choice cinema destination in Lebanon, Kuwait, Jordan and soon Erbil in
Iraq.
SR & Co‘s revolutionary multiplex in Kuwait has not only built on the company‘s forty years
experience in the cinema industry but also attests to the company‘s prosperity achieved not
by chance but through a steadfast determination be a successful conglomerate that is
second to none in the Middle East.
Empire International2
Present in Lebanon since 1992, the Empire group‘s expansion strategy is remarkable both
inside and outside of Lebanon.
Empire International distributes, in particular, Columbia TriStar and Twentieth Century Fox
films and has offices in Jordan, Dubai, Bahrain, Syria, and Egypt.
In Jordan, Empire is very successful. In 2012 it achieved 25.86% of market shares in terms
of distribution, and thus ranked second after Selim Ramia & Co.
9.6.3 Market shares per distributor
Some production companies figuring in the last table on Market shares of production studios
– 2012, are amongst the main film distributors in Jordan,
The distribution market in Jordan is divided amongst eight companies. Two well-known
companies: Selim Ramia & Co and Empire International between themselves hold more than
50% of market shares.
According to box office earnings of films distributed in 2012, data provided by Empire and
compiled in the following table, list the main distributors and their market shares of Jordanian
cinemas in 2012.
1
Voir : http://www.srndco.com/
2
For more information on the Empire Group see : http://www.circuit-empire.com/history.asp
72
Market shares per distributor
Distributor
Admissions 2012
Market share per
distributor
SELIM RAMIA & Co
282 154
27.70%
EMPIRE INTERNATIONAL
263 453
25.86%
FOUR STAR FILMS
156 398
15.35%
JOSEPH CHACRA & SONS
94 335
9.26%
ITALIA FILM
92 329
9.06%
Eagle Film USA
57 157
5.61%
JAGUAR FILM
50 674
4.97%
PRIME PICTURES
21 276
2.09%
Others / Arab & Ind
859
0.08%
1 018 635
100.00%
Market shares per distributor - 2012
JAGUAR FILM 4.97%
PRIME PICTURES
2.09%
Others 0.08%
Eagle Film USA 5.61%
ITALIA FILM 9.06%
Selim Ramia & Co
27.70%
JOSEPH CHACRA &
SONS 9.26%
FOUR STAR FILMS
15.35%
EMPIRE
INTERNATIONAL
25.86%
Source: Empire International - April 2013
73
9.7 Cinema exhibition
9.7.1 Ranking of films shown in Jordanian cinemas according to nationality – 2012
A total of 211 films were screened in Jordanian cinemas in 2012. American films ranked
highest with a total of 157 films. Egyptian films were in second position with a total of 17
films.
Ranking of films shown in Jordanian cinemas according to nationality1
2012
Country
USA
Egypt
France
Great Britain
Jordan
China
Germany
Palestine
Lebanon
India
Turkey
Number of films
157
17
11
5
4
4
3
3
3
3
1
 Cinema theatres
It is important to point out that no reference specifically mentions the exact number of
cinemas existing in Jordan.
However, from research carried out by the film critic Najeh Hassan 2, in 2013 it was estimated
that there were 53 cinemas in Jordan, 47 of which were in multiplexes that were part of
shopping malls in Amman. Moreover, the capital also counted 4 less exclusive cinemas.
 Multiplexes
In recent years, Jordanian, Arab and Foreign investors involved in distribution have built new
multiplexes in the capital, Amman. Located in the Souwaifiya quarter, Prime cinemas is the
latest of these multiplexes.






Grand Zara
Grand CityMall
Prime Cinemas
Grand Cinemas
Cinema City
Rainbow
1
Figures collected by the author and film critic, Najeh Hassan from distributors and investors in Jordan and published
separately in the Jordanian daily paper Al Rai as part of several articles by the author describing cinematographic activities in
the Kingdom in 2012.
2
Ibid.
74
The following table drawn up by Empire International ,owner of multiplexes in Lebanon and
one of the most important film distributors in Jordan, indicates the number of admission
during the 52nd week of 2012. During that week the film market increased by 43%.
The table also indicates the total number of ticket sales and the global box office revenue
from the different cinemas (up to 26 December 2012). The total number of admissions
grossed a box office estimated at 7,686, 832, 00 JOD (8.1 millions EUR).
Total
Average
Admissions/week
Admissions
Week 52
Admissions
week51
Up
/Down%
G.B.O.
Week. 52
Total
admissions
2012
(up to date)
Total G.B.O
2012
(up to date)
19 589
20 302
14 205
43%
153 073
1 018 635
7 686 832.00
 Ticket price
According to information collected on the spot, the price of a cinema ticket varies from 8 to
10 JOD i.e. 8.5 to 10.5 EUR.
75
9.7.2 Cinema reports – week 52/2012- from 20.12.2012 to 26.12.2012
Film title
SILVER LININGS PLAYBOOK
JACK REACHER
KILLING THEM SOFTLY
LIFE OF PI
TWILIGHT : BREAKING DAWN 2
THE IMPOSSIBLE
TAD THE LOST EXPLORER
STOLEN
ALEX CROSS
DIST.
ITAL F
PAR
ITALF
FOX
JAG/GF
JAG
GF
GF
GF
Cinema
GRAND ZARA
GRAND CITYMALL
PRIME CINEMAS
CINEMA CITY
RAINBOW
TOTAL
GRAND ZARA
GRAND CITYMALL
PRIME CINEMAS
CINEMA CITY
RAINBOW
TOTAL
GRAND ZARA
GRAND CITYMALL
PRIME CINEMAS
CINEMA CITY
RAINBOW
TOTAL
GRAND ZARA
GRAND CITYMALL
PRIME CINEMAS
CINEMA CITY
RAINBOW
TOTAL
GRAND ZARA
GRAND CITYMALL
PRIME CINEMAS
CINEMA CITY
RAINBOW
TOTAL
GRAND ZARA
GRAND CITYMALL
PRIME CINEMAS
CINEMA CITY
RAINBOW
TOTAL
GRAND ZARA
GRAND CITYMALL
PRIME CINEMAS
CINEMA CITY
RAINBOW
TOTAL
GRAND ZARA
GRAND CITYMALL
PRIME CINEMAS
CINEMA CITY
RAINBOW
TOTAL
GRAND ZARA
GRAND CITYMALL
Week of
release
ADM.
Week 52
2
2
1
1
1
1
537
728
1 265
411
2 348
1 466
328
4 553
3
3
308
165
473
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
803
570
1 373
147
1 040
481
52
1 720
1
7
3
2
2
0
1
3
Up/ Down
%
0
615
722
0
0
1 337
0
0
598
421
0
0
1 019
-5%
-54%
1 679
1 455
204
3 338
1
6
6
1
ADM
Week 51
0
0
899
597
0
0
1 496
-8%
0
827
827
145
145
0
102
0
0
0
0
102
214
0
503
42%
Total ADM.
Per cinema
0
1 152
1 450
0
0
2 602
411
2 348
1 466
328
0
4 553
0
1 891
1 384
0
0
3 275
0
1 679
1 455
204
0
3 338
425
11 340
7 850
304
0
19 919
147
1 040
481
52
0
1 720
0
827
0
0
0
827
961
1 835
693
252
0
3 741
165
1 718
76
G.B.O.
Week.52
0.00
1 015.00
G.B.O. Total
Per cinema
0.00
8 295.00
10 336.00
0.00
0.00
18 631.00
2 877.00
17 058.00
10 551.00
2 296.00
0.00
32 782.00
0.00
13 699.00
9 961.00
0.00
0.00
23 660.00
0.00
13 833.00
11 803.00
1 632.00
0.00
27 268.00
2 975.00
82 251.00
55 885.00
2 128.00
0.00
143 239.00
1 029.00
7 493.00
3 364.00
364.00
0.00
12 250.00
0.00
6 743.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6 743.00
6 727.00
13 384.00
4 973.00
1 764.00
0.00
26 848.00
1 528.00
1 155.00
12 496.00
3 858.00
5 186.00
9 044.00
2 877.00
17 058.00
10 551.00
2 296.00
32 782.00
2 213.00
1 180.00
3 393.00
13 833.00
11 803.00
1 632.00
27 268.00
5 812.00
4 035.00
9 847.00
1 029.00
7 493.00
3 364.00
364.00
12 250.00
6 743.00
6 743.00
1 015.00
PRIME CINEMAS
1
CINEMA CITY
RAINBOW
214
TOTAL
PLAYING FOR KEEPS
ARGO
THE HOBBIT
RISE OF THE GUARDIANS
HOTEL TRANSYLVANIA
SKY FALL
FLIGHT
EAG
WB
SR&Co
PAR
COL
SR&Co
PAR
GRAND ZARA
GRAND CITYMALL
PRIME CINEMAS
CINEMA CITY
RAINBOW
TOTAL
GRAND ZARA
GRAND CITYMALL
PRIME CINEMAS
CINEMA CITY
RAINBOW
TOTAL
GRAND ZARA
GRAND CITYMALL
PRIME CINEMAS
CINEMA CITY
RAINBOW
TOTAL
GRAND ZARA
GRAND CITYMALL
PRIME CINEMAS
CINEMA CITY
RAINBOW
TOTAL
GRAND ZARA
GRAND CITYMALL
PRIME CINEMAS
CINEMA CITY
RAINBOW
TOTAL
GRAND ZARA
GRAND CITYMALL
PRIME CINEMAS
CINEMA CITY
RAINBOW
TOTAL
GRAND ZARA
GRAND CITYMALL
PRIME CINEMAS
CINEMA CITY
RAINBOW
TOTAL
1
2
64
64
1
5
398
2
2
2
398
565
1 372
1 568
3 505
1
4
3
3
1
6
9
3
0
9
9
9
3
0
1
3
5
4
413
413
0
360
0
0
360
166
723
473
0
0
1 362
292
292
0
0
0
503
0
364
319
0
0
683
0
0
398
0
0
398
788
1 694
1 696
0
0
4 178
0
514
176
127
0
817
0
0
290
0
0
290
168
612
405
0
0
1 185
0
0
540
154
0
694
-57%
-91%
0%
-49%
24%
15%
-58%
Source : Empire International – Amman/Beirut, April 2013
77
218
0
0
2 101
0
364
383
0
0
747
0
866
4 031
0
0
4 897
1 353
3 066
3 264
0
0
7 683
32
2 255
799
314
0
3 400
24
6 953
7 614
1 219
0
15 810
3 924
15 332
16 247
1 222
0
36 725
491
2 830
3 487
539
0
7 347
1 528.00
451.00
451.00
2 867.00
2 867.00
3 955.00
11 300.00
12 622.00
27 877.00
3 292.00
3 292.00
0.00
2 912.00
0.00
0.00
2 912.00
1 162.00
5 237.00
3 324.00
0.00
0.00
9 723.00
2 081.00
2 081.00
1 582.00
0.00
0.00
15 233.00
0.00
2 600.00
2 686.00
0.00
0.00
5 286.00
0.00
6 325.00
28 897.00
0.00
0.00
35 222.00
9 720.00
25 349.00
26 407.00
0.00
0.00
61 476.00
192.00
18 383.00
6 484.00
2 512.00
0.00
27 571.00
144.00
56 865.00
61 569.00
9 752.00
0.00
128 330.00
27 419.00
111 094.00
115 967.00
8 554.00
0.00
263 034.00
3 437.00
20 660.00
24 957.00
3 773.00
0.00
52 827.00
9.7.3 Ranking of films according to box-office earnings 2012- to 16/12/2012 (52nd week)
Release
date
Ran
g
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
FILM
OMAR & SALMA 3
AVENGERS 3D
SKYFALL
SPIDER MAN 4, 3D Amazing s m
DARK KNIGHT RISES
TAKEN 2
EXPENDABLES 2
MADAGASCAR 3, 3D
SHERLOCK HOLMES 2
ICE AGE 4 3D
SNOW WHITE AND THE Huntsman
TWILIGHT Breaking Dawn Part 2
AL MASLAHA
STEP UP 4 REVOLUTION
MEN IN BLACK 3, 3D
HUNGER GAMES
HOTEL TRASYLVANIA 3D
BABA, Arabic
THIS MEANS WAR
SAFE HOUSE
BRAVE 3D
MIRROR MIRROR
GAME OVER, Arabic
THOUSAND WORDS
TITANIC 3D
WRATH OF THE TITANS 3D
HOBBIT : AN UNEXPECTED JOURNEY
HOW I SPENT MY MUMMER C
VOW, THE
FLIGHT
JOHN CARTER 3D
PARANORMAL ACTIVITY 4
TED
WHAT TO EXPECT W Y Expecting
SAFE
BOURNE LEGACY
UNDERWORLD 4 3D
LORAX,THE
RESIDENT EVIL RETRIBUTION 3D
POSSESSION
THINK LIKE A MAN
BATTLESHIP
JOURNEY 2, 3D
HERE COME THE BOOM
CONTRABAND
MR AND MRS OWEYS
12-Jan-12
3-May-12
25-Oct-12
5-Jul-12
16-Aug-12
4-Oct-12
16-Aug-12
14-Jun-12
28-Dec-11
28-Jun-12
31-May-12
15-Nov-12
24-May-12
16-Aug-12
24-May-12
22-Mar-12
25-Oct-12
16-Aug-12
23-Feb-12
9-Feb-12
16-Aug-12
15-Mar-12
5-Jul-12
22-Mar-12
5-Apr-12
29-Mar-12
13-Dec-12
5-Apr-12
9-Feb-12
22-Nov-12
8-Mar-12
18-Oct-12
30-Aug-12
31-May-12
26-Apr-12
6-Sep-12
19-Jan-12
15-Mar-12
13-Sep-12
11-Oct-12
12-Jul-12
19-Apr-12
9-Feb-12
1-Nov-12
26-Jan-12
25-Oct-12
DIST.
SR&Co
WD,S
SR&Co
COL
WB
GF
EAG/GF
PAR
WB
FOX
UNI
JAG/GF
GF
JAG/GF
COL
EAG/GF
COL
SR&Co
FOX
UNI
WD,S
GF
GF
PAR
FOX
WB
SR&Co
Prime P
GF
PAR
WD,S
PAR
UNI
EAG/GF
GF
UNI
COL
UNI
COL
GF
COL
UNI
WB
COL
UNI
GF
Numbe
r of
screen
s
3
4
4
5
5
4
5
5
4
6
4
3
2
3
5
3
1
4
4
4
4
3
2
4
3
5
3
1
2
4
4
3
3
3
2
4
4
4
4
1
2
4
4
3
4
2
Week.
#
30
15
9
8
12
8
11
11
6
9
13
6
13
11
7
13
9
12
13
10
7
10
6
9
6
4
2
21
8
5
4
9
9
8
4
4
2
10
4
7
5
5
5
5
4
6
Work day./
GBO
7 277
15 134
3 951
16 466
9 919
12 089
2 279
5 114
5 827
5 280
4 569
15 836
0
905
11 032
2 660
4 093
199
4 994
2 756
1 192
3 080
2 746
5 105
4 784
9 729
7 878
0
2 104
6 245
6 583
3 786
4 057
1 934
6 112
4 558
2 538
3 299
5 321
2 711
2 873
6 080
4 362
3 686
4 461
677
Weekend
BOX
OFFICE
19 913
41 063
47 621
49 997
33 503
32 470
7 223
17 380
30 617
22 322
12 277
35 235
13 795
3 082
25 412
12 575
28 234
637
13 779
11 321
4 573
8 344
8 081
11 422
11 630
21 716
21 734
0
6 058
15 828
16 363
6 546
11 216
5 050
15 385
13 876
8 476
12 275
13 789
6 559
8 959
12 893
11 038
9 595
12 085
5 911
Weekend
Admission
s
2 425
5 031
6 652
6 134
4 739
4 528
1 006
2 141
4 904
2 743
1 702
4 905
1 681
378
3 102
1 803
3 460
79
1 958
1 632
562
1 200
1 921
1 617
1 417
2 651
2 684
0
888
2 200
2 001
910
1 568
703
2 161
1 936
1 193
1 538
1 684
904
1 253
1 810
1 351
1 327
1 719
719
78
Weekend
BOX
OFFICE
25 341
46 792
68 593
62 721
45 987
34 577
15 328
25 438
40 057
27 237
14 606
40 050
16 351
7 007
29 381
14 311
45 144
7 962
15 456
13 317
8 993
9 454
11 244
13 021
13 872
23 999
23 891
0
7 289
19 173
18 239
7 389
13 190
6 083
17 817
15 967
10 803
13 395
15 874
7 314
11 467
14 446
12 423
10 613
14 299
8 863
Weekend
Admission
s
3 087
5 734
9 567
7 692
6 473
4 959
2 144
3 186
6 410
3 346
2 026
5 574
1 991
852
3 590
2 051
5 534
980
2 198
1 917
1 098
1 359
2 655
1 844
1 690
3 565
2 953
0
1 066
2 667
2 232
1 026
1 847
848
2 504
2 230
1 356
1 679
1 940
1 008
1 602
2 029
1 522
1 469
2 032
1 082
Week
BOX
OFFICE
68 477
64 441
105 384
94 822
103 028
48 395
63 191
36 444
57 883
46 646
21 115
52 502
24 580
50 126
39 628
20 804
65 351
28 772
20 600
19 265
33 681
12 224
35 727
17 966
20 227
29 231
33 599
7 099
12 118
22 523
23 614
11 324
18 036
10 143
21 866
21 591
18 811
15 853
21 035
9 296
19 097
17 982
15 425
13 508
20 648
49 905
Week
Admission
s
8 366
7 886
14 744
11 629
14 432
6 885
9 202
4 493
9 274
5 769
2 940
7 305
2 995
6 130
4 845
2 973
8 016
3 523
2 933
2 763
4 105
1 756
4 387
2 544
2 468
2 365
4 178
998
1 778
3 133
2 893
1 578
2 525
1 420
3 074
3 018
2 364
1 991
2 574
1 286
2 671
2 523
1 891
1 873
2 938
4 542
CUM
BOX
OFFICE
578 388
332 866
263 034
264 991
231 427
205 042
191 318
194 146
154 940
178 993
147 753
143 239
152 322
152 818
143 270
129 135
128 330
113 255
92 311
84 578
83 655
71 593
84 541
62 718
73 192
67 410
61 476
52 770
45 166
52 827
57 237
49 011
47 175
45 741
45 964
45 488
51 401
49 517
49 597
43 443
39 579
39 160
44 328
38 435
37 308
42 057
CUM
Admission
s
71 345
40 934
36 725
32 681
32 387
28 721
26 701
24 174
23 668
22 305
20 699
19 919
19 674
18 748
17 570
16 298
15 810
13 849
12 967
12 292
11 453
11 044
10 392
8 961
8 923
8 212
7 683
7 479
7 448
7 347
6 999
6 848
6 591
6 402
6 388
6 347
6 332
6 211
6 074
6 018
5 543
5 534
5 444
5 336
5 309
5 205
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
DARK SHADOWS
ARGO
TETA RAHIBA
HELM AZIZ
WATCH THE
JACK REACHER
LOOPER
FIVE YEAR ENGAGEMENT
LUCKY ONE
STOLEN
MAN ON A LEDGE
TOTAL RECALL
ONE FOR THE MONEY
RISE OF THE GUARDIANS 3D
LIFE OF PI, 3D
ABRAHAM LINCOLN 3D
KILLING THEM SOFTLY
CHRONICLE
WHEN MOMALIZA SMILED
GREY THE
DEVIL INSIDE
ATM
GHOST RIDER 2,3D
DESCENDANTS, THE
COLD LIGHT OF DAY,THE
DARKEST HOURS
SILVER LININGS PLAYBOOK
CABIN IN THE WOODS
PROMETHEUS 3D
CHERNOBYL DIARIES
PREMIUM RUSH
MACHINE Gun Preacher
SINISTER
AL ANISSA MAMY
LOCK OUT
ALEX CROSS
RED DAWN
SAAH WA NOSF Arabic
PARANORMAN 3D
SAVAGES
House at the end of the Street
PIRATES BAND OF MISFITS 3D
IMPOSSIBLE THE
RAVEN
CAMPAIGN
DREDD 3D
PROJECT X
AWAKENING
SET UP
ROCK OF AGES
ANNA KARENINA
TRESPASS
ACT OF VALOR
FRANKENWEENIE 3D
APPARITION
10-May-12
22-Nov-12
16-Aug-12
28-Jun-12
27-Sep-12
20-Dec-12
18-Oct-12
17-May-12
26-Apr-12
8-Nov-12
2-Feb-12
30-Aug-12
26-Jan-12
29-Nov-12
20-Dec-12
21-Jun-12
6-Dec-12
9-Feb-12
20-Sep-12
23-Feb-12
1-Mar-12
12-Jul-12
16-Feb-12
26-Jan-12
5-Apr-12
12-Jan-12
13-Dec-12
10-May-12
7-Jun-12
12-Jul-12
20-Sep-12
12-Jan-12
29-Nov-12
22-Nov-12
28-Jun-12
6-Dec-12
29-Nov-12
11-Oct-12
13-Sep-12
4-Oct-12
1-Nov-12
5-Apr-12
20-Dec-12
17-May-12
13-Sep-12
27-Sep-12
12-Apr-12
23-Aug-12
5-Jan-12
28-Jun-12
6-Dec-12
14-Jun-12
1-Mar-12
4-Oct-12
27-Sep-12
WB
WB
Prime P
EMP/ID
FOX
PAR
ITAL
UNI
WB
EAG/GF
JAG/GF
COL
JAG/GF
PAR
FOX
FOX
ITAL
FOX
Prime P
ITAL
PAR
GF
GF
FOX
JAG/GF
FOX
ITAL
EAG/GF
FOX
ITAL
COL
GF
GF
Prime P
GF
GF
ITAL
GF
UNI
UNI
ITAL
COL
JAG/GF
ITAL
WB
GF
WB
GF
GF
WB
UNI
GF
GF
WD,S
WB
3
2
1
3
3
4
3
4
3
3
3
4
2
4
3
4
2
3
1
3
4
2
3
1
3
3
2
3
4
2
4
2
2
1
2
3
2
1
2
4
3
4
4
2
2
3
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
6
5
7
7
4
1
5
5
5
7
3
3
4
4
1
3
3
3
8
5
4
5
2
3
4
1
2
4
2
5
2
4
3
5
2
3
1
3
3
3
3
3
1
6
3
3
2
2
2
2
1
3
2
4
1
3 354
3 454
0
2 136
4 191
8 525
3 570
2 716
1 586
3 229
2 746
3 573
1 097
2 496
4 504
2 576
5 083
4 319
0
3 979
2 345
448
5 219
1 645
3 653
3 603
2 046
601
3 357
2 159
3 664
1 631
2 191
0
1 465
2 481
3 150
958
1 937
1 213
2 064
1 830
1 955
1 327
2 449
1 979
2 557
1 181
2 558
1 089
1 591
1 374
1 817
1 735
1 352
7 910
10 138
0
7 345
9 141
20 057
8 358
6 727
5 060
8 246
7 734
10 067
2 942
7 009
13 379
7 403
9 710
9 097
0
8 701
4 012
5 142
9 830
6 120
7 151
1 305
5 428
4 946
7 375
5 480
8 607
4 539
4 863
0
4 649
6 723
7 230
2 506
4 955
368
4 419
4 984
5 716
3 234
5 178
4 389
5 269
3 791
5 026
3 634
4 659
3 386
2 968
4 808
3 795
1 095
1 402
0
904
1 277
2 786
1 159
942
707
1 138
1 118
1 410
437
867
1 632
903
1 339
1 269
0
1 246
566
719
1 204
856
999
162
757
627
905
758
1 203
663
670
0
634
928
994
303
609
468
616
620
801
446
724
537
756
529
785
506
647
471
412
593
529
79
8 720
11 508
0
8 534
10 048
22 659
9 464
7 978
6 435
9 032
8 897
11 916
3 565
7 715
15 488
8 948
10 667
9 803
0
9 510
4 937
6 765
11 085
7 315
7 515
9 255
6 312
5 758
9 026
6 777
9 757
4 991
5 474
0
5 934
7 623
7 779
2 945
5 429
3 824
4 963
6 167
6 922
3 667
5 710
4 979
6 136
4 748
5 678
4 550
5 569
4 127
4 523
4 955
4 400
1 208
1 593
0
1 051
1 407
3 146
1 312
1 119
901
1 247
1 288
1 667
531
954
1 892
1 094
1 470
139
0
1 366
698
944
1 358
1 023
1 050
1 140
881
770
1 107
940
1 363
727
755
0
755
1 052
1 069
356
667
531
692
718
969
507
799
309
883
663
890
635
775
572
634
611
613
11 656
15 704
11 958
13 735
12 966
32 782
13 403
12 130
9 402
13 529
16 992
17 206
11 385
9 261
27 268
14 895
12 906
12 614
0
11 606
7 194
11 090
14 325
10 764
11 128
12 879
9 587
7 963
13 274
10 684
12 146
6 807
7 432
4 845
9 124
10 031
9 518
6 029
6 896
5 432
7 084
7 195
12 250
5 102
7 356
7 511
8 006
7 917
7 422
7 900
8 002
6 695
5 748
5 403
5 829
1 620
2 176
1 477
1 695
1 814
4 553
1 863
1 701
1 315
1 877
2 435
2 407
1 646
1 145
3 338
1 825
1 783
1 762
0
1 665
1 024
1 548
1 758
1 508
1 562
1 585
1 337
1 114
1 627
1 489
1 698
997
1 028
610
1 254
1 384
1 308
758
847
754
989
896
1 720
706
1 027
923
1 152
1 105
1 175
1 101
1 112
929
162
666
812
36 640
35 222
38 087
38 205
33 491
32 782
32 700
29 341
29 421
26 848
25 765
26 157
27 283
27 571
27 268
27 123
23 660
22 652
24 238
20 836
20 769
20 830
23 567
20 464
19 968
21 414
18 631
17 270
19 463
16 131
15 765
14 844
15 644
17 157
15 299
15 233
14 798
15 378
15 389
12 828
12 453
13 491
12 250
11 648
11 549
13 093
10 685
10 921
9 710
10 365
102 670
9 860
9 695
10 754
9 532
5 116
4 897
4 726
4 722
4 669
4 553
4 545
4 117
4 100
3 741
3 691
3 660
3 464
3 400
3 338
3 319
3 275
3 170
3 005
2 993
2 915
2 898
2 881
2 862
2 781
2 630
2 602
2 399
2 385
2 253
2 210
2 163
2 159
2 146
2 104
2 101
2 040
1 903
1 888
1 787
1 740
1 721
1 720
1 622
1 614
1 598
1 544
1 523
1 493
1 448
1 428
1 371
1 361
1 333
1 324
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
AFTER LIFE
CATCH.44
MONSTER IN PARIS
WOMAN IN BLACK
FREELANCERS
CORIOLANUS 3D
SEVEN BELOW
BAIT 3D
BATTLE OF 2 EMPIRES
WAHED SAHIH Arabic
HUGO 3D
WRECK IT RALPH
RED LIGHT
IRON LADY
5 DAYS OF WAR
ILLUSIONAUTS
HIDDEN FACE,THE
FEW BEST MEN A
AND SOON THE DARKNESS
TINKER BELL 3D
DREAM HOUSE
TAD THE LOST EXPLORER 3D
THE DOUBLE
11.11.11.
WE BOUGHT A ZOO
HAYWIRE
ARBITRAGE
AMPHIBIOUS 3D
SAMMYS 3D
PLAYING FOR KEEPS
REKLAM
VANISHING ON 7TH Street
SPACE DOG
TUCKER AND DALE VS EVIL
STREET DANCE 3 3D
END OF WATCH
BEAUTY & THE BEAST 3D
EXTREMELY LOUD & Incredibly c
RUBY SPARKS
WARRIOR
REEF 2
HAIRY TOOTH FAIRY 2
CASH FLOW, Leb
TRANSIT
FLOWERS OF WAR
BLOOD CREEK
J.EDGAR
LAWLESS
HAZZ SAEED
KATY PERRY
GONE
RUM DIARY
A VERY HAROLD & KUMAR 3D
BEBO WA BASHEER
19-Jul-12
GF
21-Jun-12
GF
19-Jan-12
ITAL
23-Feb-12 EMP/ID
11-Oct-12
ITAL
19-Jan-12
PP
16-Aug-12
Prime P
15-Nov-12
EAG/GF
27-Sep-12
EMP/ID
14-Jun-12
GF
19-Jan-12
EAG/GF
1-Nov-12
WD,S
20-Sep-12
EAG/GF
29-Mar-12
GF
2-Aug-12
JC
21-Jun-12
Prime P
4-Oct-12
FOX
21-Jun-12
ITAL
5-Jan-12
GF
26-Jul-12
WD,S
15-Mar-12
GF
20-Dec-12
GF
12-Apr-12
GF
7-Jun-12
EAG/GF
1-Mar-12
FOX
23-Feb-12
GF
8-Nov-12
ITAL
22-Mar-12
ITAL
25-Oct-12
GF
13-Dec-12
EAG/GF
3-May-12
GF
19-Apr-12
GF
12-Jan-12
GF
2-Aug-12
GF
19-Apr-12 EMP/ID
25-Oct-12
EMP/ID
16-Feb-12
WD,S
15-Mar-12
WB
29-Nov-12
FOX
2-Feb-12
EAG/GF
6-Dec-12
GF/ECS
7-Jun-12
GF
19-Apr-12
GF
9-Aug-12
GF
28-Jun-12
ITAL
28-Dec-11
GF
1-Mar-12
WB
6-Sep-12
ITAL
11-Oct-12 OTHERS
6-Sep-12
PAR
1-Mar-12
JAG/GF
8-Mar-12
EAG/GF
23-Feb-12
WB
15-Mar-12
GF
2
2
3
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
3
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
1
2
2
2
1
2
3
1
2
3
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
5
4
2
4
2
3
3
2
3
5
1
3
2
3
3
6
3
1
2
3
2
1
3
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
3
2
1
3
2
2
3
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
1 668
726
1 057
768
1 666
0
0
1 707
526
502
680
1 124
965
889
766
0
800
1 162
1 068
336
1 302
2 430
2 265
3 038
2 190
3 974
0
0
3 530
2 152
1 773
2 276
3 563
2 464
2 406
2 330
0
2 144
2 914
2 310
1 121
2 748
340
311
373
308
550
0
0
429
302
214
282
440
342
352
324
0
298
406
374
139
405
2 839
2 750
3 290
2 427
4 345
0
0
4 000
2 679
2 232
2 500
3 935
2 804
2 681
2 653
0
2 356
3 628
3 700
1 475
3 060
396
379
404
341
601
0
0
486
374
268
310
485
390
394
369
0
328
505
505
183
450
1 571
792
679
1 544
690
1 179
910
3 115
2 098
2 050
3 731
2 641
3 164
2 605
446
288
284
530
364
388
320
3 457
2 925
2 579
4 392
3 093
3 730
4 848
494
402
358
625
425
458
593
995
1 113
548
185
1 486
393
815
1 300
829
782
690
506
458
510
245
206
807
447
0
927
355
463
775
704
1 951
2 583
1 982
939
3 178
1 480
2 804
3 077
2 288
1 999
2 333
1 476
828
1 200
1 288
1 340
1 789
1 731
0
2 502
651
1 344
2 189
1 669
236
364
245
130
386
208
338
433
319
292
286
205
99
168
177
213
250
240
0
311
90
198
269
204
2 245
2 883
2 280
1 487
3 656
2 620
3 489
3 314
2 513
2 498
2 512
1 750
983
1 406
1 893
2 174
1 933
2 111
0
2 601
983
1 638
2 443
1 848
272
409
248
205
444
367
422
466
350
364
308
243
118
197
260
348
270
292
0
323
136
241
300
225
80
4 212
5 456
5 436
3 357
5 465
4 744
3 449
4 979
3 867
4 630
4 128
4 709
4 000
3 698
3 871
2 054
3 392
6 086
4 514
2 529
3 875
6 743
4 347
5 589
3 442
5 687
4 401
6 167
6 183
4 835
3 386
3 463
3 081
2 708
4 409
3 932
4 485
4 093
3 723
3 211
2 770
3 163
2 267
2 251
2 546
2 680
3 027
2 967
775
3 240
2 800
2 588
3 053
2 504
589
753
668
471
757
666
488
605
541
562
512
581
556
544
539
253
473
849
736
313
569
827
621
769
479
808
606
758
757
683
410
493
380
376
535
551
545
574
519
469
340
441
274
317
350
428
423
412
95
402
398
383
376
304
9 308
8 627
9 805
8 498
8 606
8 322
7 920
8 588
7 471
8 350
8 269
8 033
6 289
5 552
6 116
6 844
6 107
6 086
5 298
6 740
5 606
6 743
5 590
5 932
5 805
5 687
5 829
6 375
6 183
5 286
5 775
4 899
5 390
4 739
5 382
4 607
4 707
4 093
3 723
3 211
3 816
3 275
3 661
3 124
3 166
2 680
3 055
2 967
3 230
3 240
2 800
2 588
3 053
3 064
1 301
1 206
1 201
1 197
1 192
1 172
1 117
1 041
1 040
1 027
1 021
1 020
878
853
852
850
850
849
846
837
832
827
825
818
811
808
803
784
757
747
703
699
664
662
656
646
582
574
519
469
468
457
453
438
434
428
427
412
406
402
398
383
376
374
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
FINDING NEMO 3D
BUNRAKU
ELEPHANT WHITE
SANTAS MAGICAL CRYSTAL
BIG MIRACLE
KINGDOM OF ANTS
BODYGUARD AND ASSASSING
STAR WARS EP 1 3D
SECRET WORLD OF ARRIETTY
W.E
BANAT EL AMM
SALMON FISHING IN YEMEN
HIT AND RUN
IRON SKY
GARFIELD 3
CARNAGE
BURNING BRIGHT
13-Sep-12
19-Jul-12
24-May-12
13-Dec-12
8-Mar-12
20-Sep-12
26-Jul-12
9-Feb-12
26-Apr-12
5-Apr-12
16-Feb-12
9-Aug-12
13-Sep-12
20-Sep-12
28-Dec-11
8-Mar-12
17-May-12
WD,S
GF
GF
GF
UNI
EMP/ID
GF
FOX
EMP/ID
GF
GF
GF
EMP/ID
GF/Faln
GF
Prime P
GF
2
2
2
1
3
1
2
3
2
2
3
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
3
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
713
1 128
0
2 037
1 763
1 260
251
246
172
2 300
2 110
1 442
282
294
197
782
221
571
410
326
627
515
174
589
70
0
0
597
1 797
737
1 290
1 761
933
1 322
1 308
575
969
1 139
575
0
968
253
90
179
216
132
192
160
80
136
160
71
0
131
2 119
921
1 531
1 903
1 192
1 520
1 566
729
1 387
1 380
1 196
0
1 122
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
CHASING MAVERICK
SOLDIESR OF FORTUNE
INTOUCHABLES
TROUBLE WITH THE CURVE
TINKER TAILOR SOLDIER SPY
BENEATH THE DARKNESS
ARTHUR 3
EXPATRIATE
WONT BACK DOWN
BEL AMI
WAR HORSE
WAY THE
DARK HORSE
BANTALON JULIETTE
8-Nov-12
21-Jun-12
15-Mar-12
29-Nov-12
29-Apr-12
26-Apr-12
3-May-12
18-Oct-12
4-Oct-12
24-May-12
1-Mar-12
23-Feb-12
22-Nov-12
24-May-12
JAG/GF
EMP/ID
EMP/ID
WB
GF
EMP/ID
GF
GF
JAG/GF
EMP/ID
WD,S
Prime P
Prime P
Prime P
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
372
347
500
311
348
187
245
215
114
116
398
0
0
0
796
914
987
988
1 006
467
846
473
381
462
483
0
0
0
110
128
138
139
143
65
119
65
53
65
67
0
0
0
816
1 062
1 113
1 124
1 117
600
937
585
486
543
590
0
0
0
Source: JORDAN to week 52 – Top Grossing Film 2012, Up to 16.12.2012, Rank by ADM, Empire International – Amman/Beirut, April 2013
81
264
113
212
233
169
220
192
101
195
193
148
0
152
2 969
2 561
2 170
2 759
2 275
1 691
2 164
2 416
1 353
2 017
2 240
1 073
1 676
1 820
2 046
1 484
1 673
365
356
299
339
320
208
301
295
192
293
275
149
236
255
254
209
229
2 969
2 561
2 520
2 759
2 275
2 523
2 164
2 416
2 079
2 017
2 240
1 946
1 676
1 820
2 046
1 761
1 673
365
356
349
339
320
311
301
295
294
293
275
270
268
255
254
248
229
113
149
156
158
159
84
131
80
68
76
82
0
0
0
1 633
1 610
1 481
1 449
1 367
840
2 314
944
864
844
825
410
234
200
228
226
208
204
194
118
167
131
123
118
114
58
33
26
1 633
1 610
1 481
1 449
1 367
1 206
1 193
944
864
844
825
410
234
200
228
226
208
204
194
169
167
131
123
118
114
58
33
26
9.8 Coproduction
A coproduction agreement or treaty gives full access to national funds, quotas and tax
breaks. It requires the formal advance and post completion approval from the organisations
in all the countries involved. These organisations are authorised by their government to
approve coproductions (often the film institute, the film centre, the ministry or the
governmental department responsible for cinematography).
Officially, according to the RFC, Jordan has no coproduction agreements 1. Yet individual or
private coproduction initiatives have resulted in Jordanian coproductions.
Data on coproductions is to be found in the report Census and Analysis of film & Audiovisual
Co-productions in the South-Mediterranean Region 2006-20112.
- Number of co-productions in Jordan per year and per genre (2006-2011).
FICTION
DOC.
TOTAL
2006
0
0
0
2007
1
1
2
2008
0
0
0
2009
0
0
0
2010
0
1
1
2011
1
2
3
Post-Prod.
1
1
2
TOTAL
3
5
8
Source Euromed Audiovisual III (L. Rosant, 2012)
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
1
DOC.
FICTION
Interview with Mme Nada Doumani, Communication & Culture Manager at Royal Film Commission, January 2013.
2
L. ROSANT, Census and Analysis of film & Audiovisual Co-productions in the South-Mediterranean Region 2006-2011,
EUROMED AUDIOVISUAL III, Tunis, May 2012; http://euromedaudiovisuel.net/Files/2012/05/29/1338310192044.pdf
82
- Co-production partner countries with Jordan (2006-2011)
(The projects are not listed in the table)
Pays
Fiction
Documentaries
Total
%
U.S.A.
2
0
2
15%
France
1
1
2
15%
U.A.E
1
3
4
31%
Netherlands
0
2
2
15%
Germany
0
2
2
15%
Lebanon
0
1
1
8%
TOTAL
4
9
13
Source: Euromed Audiovisual III (L. Rosant, 2012)
Parteners countries of cooproduction with Jordan
Lebanon
8%
U.S.A.
15%
Germany
15%
France
15%
Netherlands
15%
A.U.E
31%
Source Euromed Audiovisuel III (L. Rosant, 2012)
83
- Number of countries included per co-production
Fiction
Documentary
Total
%
2 countries
2
2
4
50%
3 countries
1
2
3
38%
4 countries
0
1
1
13%
Total
3
5
8
Source Euromed Audiovisual III (L. Rosant, 2012)
- List of films co-produced with Jordan per year
Year
Film title
Director
Genre
CAPTAIN ABU RAED
Amin Matalqa
Fiction
RECYCLE
Mahmoud al Massad Documentary
THIS IS MY PICTURE WHEN I WAS DEAD
Mahmoud al Massad Documentary
CONFESSION & STRUGGLE
Eliane Raheb
Documentary
THE LAST FRIDAY
Yahya Alabdallah
Fiction
UNCLE NASHAAT
Aseel Mansour
Documentary
THE LEOPARDESS
Naji Abu Nowar
Fiction
MY JINN
Dalia Al Kury
Documentary
WHEN I SAW YOU
Annemarie Jacir
Fiction
BLESSED BENEFITS
Mahmoud Al Massad Fiction
2007
2010
2011
2012
84
9.9 Distribution of Jordanian films abroad
According to the European Audiovisual Observatory LUMIERE data base, between 1996 and 2012, 5 Jordanian films were distributed in
Europe. 3 of these films were Jordanian co-productions with the United States, the Netherlands, Denmark and the United Arab Emirates. The
other two films were Jordanian productions. The film that ranked highest amongst these in terms of box office earnings was Cherkess and it
only grossed 14 008 admissions. The very successful Captain Abu Raed came second in the list with 10 670 admissions.
Film
Captain Abu
Raed
Recycle
A 7 Hour
Difference
This Is My
Picture When I
Was Dead
Cherkess
Production
countries
Year of production
JO / US
2007
NL/JO /DE
2007
JO
AT
BE
BG
CY
38
CZ
DE
DK
EE
ES
FI
8 311
1 185
FR
GB
GR
HU
IE
IT
LT
LU
LV
MQ
MT
NL
PL
2010
JO
2010
RO
SE
TR
1 136
10 670
231
2011
NL/JO/AE
PT
231
215
215
32
38
8 311
1 185
1 168
32
231
215
14 008
14 008
14 008
25 156
Source: European Audiovisual Observatory - LUMIERE database
Over the period under review, the market share of Jordanian films distributed in the European Union is insignificant: less than 0%. From
European Audiovisual Observatory data, non-European and non-American films generally represent cumulative market shares estimated at
between 1% and 2% in the EU1.
1
The European Audiovisual Observatory LUMIERE database (http://lumiere.obs.coe.int) provides a systematic compilation of data available on the box-office of films distributed in European
cinemas since 1996. It is the result of cooperation between the European Audiovisual Observatory and different specialised national sources as well as the European Union MEDIA Programme. The
European Union coverage rate is in the order of 90 %. However, for less successful films, the base has some gaps due to t he fact that some countries do not provide complete listings of all
distributed films.
85
Total
EUR
(EU 27)
9.10 The physical video and video on demand market
With respect to DVD distribution, Jordan belongs to zone 2 which includes Japan, Europe,
South Africa , the Middle East and Egypt1.
The video market is not well documented. Various Jordanian publishers or those from other
Arab countries (in particular the Saudi group Rotan) publish national films. American studios
distribute their films in the original version. The main sales outlets are specialised department
stores (Virgin Megastore).
Although the consumption of films and television series on line is dominated in Jordan, as in
the rest of the world, by piracy, attempts have been made to launch legal offers aimed at the
whole Arabic speaking market. Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States seem as if they will be the
main market in the start up phase. The site shofha.com, run from Egypt by LINKonLINE, a
subsidiary of LINKdotNET (a company belonging to Orascom Telecom Holding), is available
on the internet in Jordan and provides a catalogue of Arab films 2. We have no data on the
popularity or success of this service in Jordan.
We are not aware of any legal sites offering VOD established in Jordan. It is not, however,
difficult to find free streaming providers on the internet (thus more than likely unauthorised) 3.
The site http://www.bokra.net offers Arab, Turkish and foreign films, TV series and television
programmes by streaming. Similarly, the http://www.3afrit.net/ site offers Lebanese, Egyptian
and Moroccan films.
The trigon-film.ch site offers two Jordanian films for 26 CHF / 21 EUR. These films are:
When I saw you (2012) and Last Friday (2012)4. However, the French site Universciné 5
(devoted to auteur cinema) proposes around fifteen Lebanese films (or co-produced with a
Lebanese minority) but no Jordanian films.
This is also the case for the global film initiative catalogue that offers a number of Arab and
Middle Eastern films in VoD and streaming for 24.95 USD but lists no Jordanian films6.
1
The industry has devised a system of zones mainly serving to restrict exports of records outside the designated regions,
enabling publishers to keep control over sales prices and the individual release date in each region of the world.
2
See S. ALI, Data collection initiative of statistics on the film and audiovisual markets of 9 Mediterranean countries. First interim
report national reports : ÉGYPTE, Euromed Audiovisua lIII / European Audiovisual Observatory, 2012, p.66.
http://www.euromedaudiovisuel.net/Files/2012/09/17/1347873169237.pdf
3
The Watcharabicmovies.net provides free access to Arab films http://www.watcharabicmovies.net/
4
http://www.trigon-film.ch/fr/countries/Jordanie/orderby/director
5
http://www.universcine.com/films/pays/Liban
6
http://catalogue.globalfilm.org/
86
9.11 National Film events
9.11.1 The Jordan Short Film Festival (JSFF)
Founded in 2004 by the director of Palestinian origin, Hazim Bittar, the Jordan Short Film
Festival (JSFF) was conceived with the intent of providing a platform for independent
filmmakers in Jordan and in the Arab world to show their films and be in touch with latest
developments in filmmaking on the international level. The JSFF is managed by the Amman
Filmmakers Cooperative (AFC), a filmmaker‘s cooperative based in Amman 1.
Recently, the JSFF launched two major competitions: the international short film competition
and the Arab short film competition. Other competitions are held at the same time as the
festival, such as the mobile phone film competition and All.Films.Look.Alike: a competition for
amateur filmmakers. The JSFF organises periodical screening of films each year in different
regions of the country and in conjunction with other international film festivals. The JSFF has
established partnerships with a number of cultural institutions including the Shoman
Foundation, the Clermont -Ferrand Film Festival, the French Cultural Centre, the Spanish
Agency for Cultural Cooperation and the Arab Fund for the Arts and Culture (AFAC). The
JSFF is the only nationally managed short film festival in Jordan.
9.11.2 Karama Human Rights Film Festival (HRFF)2
Karama HRFF was created in June 2009 in response to the need to establish a dialogue and
advocacy for human rights. The founding committee known as Ma'mal 612 or Laboratory
612 after the Jordanian production company that initiated the festival, in made up of Sawsan
Darwaza, Ehab Khatib and Ayman Bardawil.
The festival‘s main theme is human dignity (Karama means dignity in Arabic).The main
theme of the films selected for the festival is mankind in general; children, women and
refugees. The political, economic social and civil rights, as well as the role of cinema and
culture are also part of the festival themes. The exchange of expressions, ideas, opinions
and experiences on human rights issues in the region and in the world has become crucial
with the upheavals occurring in the Arab region since early 2011.
1
http://jordanianfilms.com/
2
http://www.humanrightsfilmnetwork.org/festivals/karama-human-rights-film-festival
87
Along with the HRFF, Ma'mal 612 organises cultural events on human rights issues: plays,
art exhibitions and concerts. Moreover, the organisation has launched an awareness raising
campaign in schools and universities and has created a Forum for Arab youth. In 2012, the
organisers will be launching another forum for youth called «Change Makers of Jordan».
Finally, the idea of setting up a network of Arab human rights films is in the process of being
implemented. The third edition of the Festival is planned for 5 to 10 December 2013 in
Amman.
9.11.3 European Film Festival in Jordan
The 24th edition of the European Film Festival in Jordan was held from 30 September to 7
October 2012 on the theme of ―Transitions‖. Throughout the week, films from fourteen
European countries were shown in different places around the Kingdom.
«Transitions » was the theme of the 2012 European Film Festival. Transition suggests
change, it is a rite of passage involving struggle, adaptation and success. It is also a
common denominator of human experience, be it in Jordan, European countries or anywhere
in the world. Hence the theme of this year « Transitions » because of its universal
character » explained Joanna Wronecka, head of the EU delegation in Jordan.1.
Jordanian youth were not left out during the festival. Indeed, in the cities of Zarqa, Irbid and
Sahab, 54 young Jordanian filmmakers came up with their vision of « Transition‖ such as
they were able to capture it with their mobile phones2.
9.11. 4 Franco Arab Film Festival
Under the auspices of her Royal Highness Princess Rym Ali, and on the occasion of the
50th anniversary celebration of the French Institute of Jordan, the Franco Arab film festival
held its 19th edition from 13 to 22 June 2013. The programme included eighteen unreleased
films of Arab, French or francophone production, meetings with guests, workshops and
debates, a ‗very cinematic‖ music event and a competition of Jordanian short films. The 19th
1
‗‘the 24th European Film Festival opens in Jordan under the them ―Transitions‖, 5 October 2012, http://euromediterranee.blogspot.com/2012/10/le-24e-festival-du-film-europeen-souvre.html
2
Ibid. For more information, see also the European Film Festival in Jordan website http://www.eufilmfestivaljordan.com/site/
88
edition attracted around 3500 spectators! This edition also paid tribute to Ali Maher, a major
and emblematic figure of the Jordanian artistic scene who passed away a few days before
the opening of the festival1.
While this edition participated in the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the French
Institute of Jordan, it also marked a major turning point in the Festival‘s international
dissemination with this year - besides the Palestinian territories for the fourth consecutive
year and France in the Paris outer suburb of Noisy-le-Sec in November 2013 for the second
time - two new editions launched in 2013: one in Lebanon and the other in Iraq. The
Jordanian edition of the festival opened on 13 June 2013, in the royal cultural centre with A
portée de vue by the Jordanian filmmaker, Aseel Mansour, in the presence of Princess Rym
Ali and of Caroline Dumas, French ambassador to Jordan. In addition to this, eighteen
recently produced films were presented: documentaries, fiction and animated films (for
children and adults) from Egypt, Morocco, Lebanon, Tunisia, France ... but also from
Jordan.2.
In October 2012, although the FFFA has been held every year for the last eighteen years in
Amman, the Trianon hosted the 1st edition of the Franco-Arab Film Festival, until 21
October, in Noisy-le-Sec with the screening of unreleased films and meetings with
filmmakers.3
9.11.5 Arab Film Festival
The second edition of the AFF was held for the second consecutive year from 5 to 9 August
2012. The festival was organised under the auspices of the Jordanian minister of culture and
the Royal Film Commission.
The programme included a selection of the best modern Arab films some of which had won
awards while others were shown for the first time. Amongst these, the Lebanese film
Mercedes, by Hady Zakkak, th Kuwaiti film Tora Bora by Walid Al Awady, and the Jordanian
film Monaliza smile by Fady Haddad shown for the first time during this edition4.
1
th
‗‘19 edition of the Franco Arab Film Festival in Jordan‖ from 13 to 22 June 2012, http://latitudefrance.diplomatie.gouv.fr/19eedition-du-Festival-du-film.html
2
Ibid.
3
ère
Cécile Thomachot, ‗‘1 édition du festival du film franco-arabe Noisy-le-Sec France Cinéma‘‘, Respect Mag, urbain, social et
métissé, 13 Octobre 2012, http://www.respectmag.com/2012/10/13/1ere-edition-du-festival-du-film-franco-arabe-6782
4
nd
The 2 Edition of the Arab Film Festival; https://www.facebook.com/events/347468571997282/
89
10. COPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS IN JORDAN
Jordan is party to the following international instruments:
˗
˗
-
Berne Convention (Paris Act) since July 1999
WIPO Convention since July 1972
TRIPS agreement since April 2000
WIPO treaty on copyright since April 2004
WIPO treaty on Performances and Phonograms since May i 2004
Beijing treaty on audiovisual performances since June 2012.
Copyright is placed under the authority of the Copyright Protection Office, which is a
department of the National Library.
The law relative to copyright and related rights dates to 1992 (law n° 22 of 1992 on the
protection of copyright)1. Law n° 52 of 20012 results from the amendments made to law n°22
of 1992.
According to article 31 of law n°52 of 2001, the protection period for cinematic and television
works is of fifty years from their date of publication, on condition that the beginning of the
period be calculated from the first of January of the calendar year after actual publication.
The latest amendments to law n° 22 of 1992 on the protection of copyright date to 2005 and
figure under law n° 8 and law n° 9 of 2005 the texts of which are only available in Arabic 3.
Under the law, the court, at the request of the injured party or the intellectual property
protection body, can undertake proceedings against any violation of Copyright or related
rights in Jordan.
11. PIRACY
In its historical charter : Chart of countries special 301 placement (1989-2011) and IIPA 2012
special 301 recommendations4, the International Intellectual Property Alliance (IIPA)
maintained Jordan on the Watch List only from 1997 to 1999.
Despite the gradual and significant progress made by Jordan to combat piracy, the 2009
Special 301 report on Copyright Protection and Enforcement5, the IIPA stressed the
persistence of piracy problems in Jordan and pointed out that the Kingdom had to meet the
obligations of its free trade agreement signed with the United States.
1
The text of law n°22 of 1992 exists in English, French and Arabic on the World Intellectual Property Organisation WIPO :
http://www.wipo.int
2
The text of law n˚52 of 2001 can be found in English on the Euromed Audiovisual Programme legal database l :
http://www.euromedaudiovisuel.net/Files/2010/03/26/1269563837284.pdf?1269563842990
3
Law n°8 of 2005 on copyright protection : http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/ar/text.jsp?file_id=222632
Law n°9 of 2005 on copyright protection : http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/ar/text.jsp?file_id=226707
4
http://www.iipa.com/pdf/2012SPEC301HISTORICALCHART.pdf
5
http://www.iipa.com/rbc/2009/2009SPEC301JORDAN.pdf
90
Piracy continues to harm intellectual property holders in Jordan who can barely survive
commercially. According to the IIPA report, piracy rates of musical works is thought be in the
order of 90 %, while that of business software is in the order of 60%. However, in 2008, the
government took several measures recommended by the IIPA to curb the scourge of piracy.
An IPR (Intellectual Property Rights) Division similar to the one established in Lebanon, was
set up under the Public Security Department. The Division is responsible for undertaking
anit-priacy action all over Jordan.
Other priority actions were recommended in the 2009 report, amongst which:



Devote more resources to the National Library of Jordan, including staff, to carry out
effective and regular inspections with the support of other National Library performance
monitoring bodies to ensure accountability.
Ensure that proceedings against pirates proceed efficiently until they are sentenced by
the courts, with dissuasive fines and sanctions as the case may be.
Ensure that the IPR division within the Jordanian customs pay particular attention to
pirated imports that come in across the Syrian borders.
JORDAN
Estimated Trade Losses Due to Copyright Piracy (in millions of U.S Dollars) and level of
Piracy : 2007-2008
2008
2007
INDUSTRY
Business Software
Records & Music
Motion Pictures
Books
Entertainment software
Totals
Loss
11.0
NA
NA
NA
NA
11.0
Level
58%
90%
NA
NA
NA
Loss
11.0
NA
NA
NA
NA
11.0
Level
60%
90%
NA
NA
NA
Source: 2009 Special 301 report on Copyright Protection and Enforcement, Jordan, IIPA.
12. TRAINING OF AUDIOVISAUL PROFESSIONALS
In the light of the state of its audiovisual and cinematic creative industries, Jordan is in a
position to provide the necessary academic training to cover almost all the needs of the
sector.
12.1 Jordan Media Institute (JMI)
At the initiative of Her Royal Highness Princess Rym Ali, a world-renowned journalist1, the
Jordan Media Institute was founded on 14 August 2006 and officially inaugurated in February
2010.
1
Besides the many positions Her Highness occupied in the field of journalism and audiovisual media on the regional and
international levels, Princess Rym Aly is also a member of the Board of Commissioners of the Royal Film Commission since
July 2005. In October 2012, Princess Rym Ali was awarded the Excellence in Media Award by the Global Thinkers Forum.
http://www.jmi.edu.jo/en/content/40/Founder ; See also : http://www.globalthinkersforum.org/the-gtf-excellence-awards/
91
"The purpose of the JMI is to provide a new standard of education in journalism in Jordan
and in the region. It seeks to boost the confidence of the public in journalism and to give a
new generation of writers and thinkers the capacity to set standards of journalism in the
Kingdom and in the region, as well as to promote outstanding Arab journalists enabling them
to join the ranks of the international media» stated Her Highness.1
The Jordan Media Institute is a not-for-profit institution regarded as one of the most
prestigious schools of journalism. It seeks to become a centre of excellence for teaching
journalism in Jordan and in the region and provides training according to two main pillars


A one year Masters in journalism
Training programmes in journalism
The purpose of the Institute is to introduce students to the highest standards in the practice
of journalism while concentrating on the traditional aspects of journalism such as writing and
reporting, ethics and community issues. This, combined with courses on new media, enable
JMI graduates to compete at the regional and international levels.
Expert academics in the field of journalism from Jordan, the region and all over the world
have devised a unique programme of practical and theoretical studies. The programme is
considered a reference in terms of the profession's best international practices, while taking
into account the unique character of the Arab region. The institute has world class facilities,
including newsrooms and studios, enabling students to learn sophisticated production
techniques that they will later use as professionals.
12.2 SAE Institute2
Founded in 2007, SAE Amman seeks to build the creative, technical and media capacity of
young people and semi-professionals though the provision of exceptional learning
opportunities. The institute confers a variety of diplomas in digital filming, digital animation,
audiovisual engineering, multimedia, game design and digital journalism in addition to a wide
range of short courses.
The learning experience in the Amman SAE is rich, varied and unique, focusing on manual
practice and voice training while developing teamwork and individual talents. The SAE
creative community brings together regional and international staff and students from more
than 23 countries who have embarked on successful careers in music, audiovisual media
and cinema.
The SAE Amman campus is one of the largest campuses amongst the over 50 SAE
campuses in the world. The institute has the best equipped studios in the region; facilities
include fully equipped classrooms with more than 180 computers and 30 different
applications, television studios, a green screen, a virtual studio, as well as all the necessary
facilities for audiovisual recordings, learning and fine tuning interactive 3D animation and for
web development.
1
http://www.jmi.edu.jo/en/content/39/About-JMI
2
The SAE Institute is amongst the most important private universities in the world for audiovisual pr oduction, film production,
interactive 3D animation, Web development and game design; ; http://amman.sae.edu/en-gb/home/
92
Besides certificates delivered for short intensive courses and professional trainings, the
Institute delivers diplomas for one, two or three years of study. The SAE diplomas are jointly
certified by SAE International and the Ministry of Higher Education in Jordan, through the Al
Quds College and the Al Balqa University. The SAE degree is validated by Middlesex
University in the United Kingdom1.
SAE Amman is operated by Luminus Media2 and is associated with the German Jordan
University.
12.3 Other main centres for audiovisual training
 Yarmouk
University
–
Faculty
of
Mass
Communication
comprising
three
departments :
˗
Department de Journalism
˗
Radio and Television department
˗
Department of Public Relations and Marketing.
 Khawarizmi College: (Cinema & Televison Diploma).
 Red Sea Institute of Cinematic Arts (RSICA): « Masters in Cinematic Arts »
(inaugurated in October 2008)
 Higher Media Council: opening of a training centre in 2004, but its scope is very
limited.
 In service training of the PETRA press agency opened in 2005 and limited to the
media.
1
http://luminuseducation.com/sae/sae-amman-information
2
Foremost in vocational and technical training in the MENA region, Luminus Education includes several schools, colleges and
institutes offering fully accredited post secondary training programmes, as well as tailor-made courses for industry and
commercial partners. The Luminus Education portfolio includes the Al Quds College (leading college in Jordan for marketing),
the SAE Institute Amman, Arcana Training Academy, and Bell Amman (one out of more than 35 international academies in
English). Luminus Education is planning to open new schools in Jordan, Egypt, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia and Iraq. See :
http://luminuseducation.com/page/who-we-are
93
Bibliography of the main reports and documents consulted
-
Constitution of 1 January 1952, MJP on-line library, http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/jo1952.htm. The Arabic
and English versions are available on the WIPO site: The Constitution of The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
1952, http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/fr/text.jsp?file_id=227813
-
European Neighbourhood and Partnership instrument, JORDAN, Strategy Document 2007 -2013, National
indicative
programme
20072010,
p.11;
http://ec.europa.eu/world/enp/pdf/country/enpi_csp_nip_jordan_fr.pdf
-
Jordan -operations profile 2013 – UNHCR; http://www.unhcr.fr/pages/4aae621d5c5.html
-
« EU supports health care of Syrian refugees in Jordan » Neighbourhood Info Centre- An ENPI Project, 1807-2013; http://www.enpi-info.eu/mainmed.php?id=33979&id_type=1&lang_id=469
-
Department
of
Statistics,
Jordan
Statistical
Yearbook
http://www.dos.gov.jo/dos_home_a/main/cd_yb2011/pdf_a/Population_A.pdf#page=3
-
« Présentation de la Jordanie »,
French Ministry of Foreign
http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/jordanie/presentation-de-la-jordanie/
-
http://donnees.banquemondiale.org/indicateur/SI.POV.NAHC
-
« Le roi de Jordanie promet d'accélérer les réformes démocratiques », Le Monde.fr with AFP and Reuters,
13.06.2011,
http://www.lemonde.fr/proche-orient/article/2011/06/13/le-roi-de-jordanie-promet-d-accelererles-reformes-democratiques_1535285_3218.html
-
Pierre Puchot, « Yémen, Jordanie, Bahreïn: où en sont les mouvements révolutionnaires? », Grotius
International Géopolitiques de l’humanitaire, 02.09.2012, http://www.grotius.fr/yemen-jordanie-bahrein-ouen-sont-les-mouvements-revolutionnaires/
-
Laurent de Saint Périer, « Jordanie- Jalal Al Husseini : "La vie politique est anémique dans ce pays très
fragmenté", Jeune Afrique, 04/02/2013 ; http://www.jeuneafrique.com/Article/ARTJAWEB20130204111604/
-
Jillian C. York, ―EFF to Jordanian Ministry of Information: Keep the Internet Open‖, Electronic Frontier
Foundation‖, August 9, 2012, https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2012/08/eff-jordanian-ministry-information-keepinternet-open#footnote1_qnbno72
-
Web
page:
―European
Union
–External
http://eeas.europa.eu/jordan/index_fr.htm
-
EURO-MEDITERRANEAN AGREEMENT establishing an Association between the European Communities
and their Member States, of the one part, and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, of the other part;
http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/jordan/documents/eu_jordan/eu_jordan_assoc_agrmt.pdf
-
European neighbourhood and partnership instrument - Jordan ; Country strategy paper 2007-2013 and
national indicative programme 2007-2010, EU.
http://ec.europa.eu/world/enp/pdf/country/enpi_csp_nip_jordan_fr.pdf
-
―Implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy in Jordan; Progress in 2011 and recommendations
for action‖, Joint Staff Working Document, Accompanying the document Joint Communication to the
European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the
Regions, European Commission, Brussels, 15.05.2012;
http://ec.europa.eu/world/enp/docs/2012_enp_pack/progress_report_jordan_en.pdf
-
Strategy for the development of Euro-Mediterranean audiovisual cooperation, 2008, Euromed Audiovisual II,
Euromed- European Commission http://www.euromedaudiovisuel.net/Files/2008/12/11/1229005879819.pdf
-
Euromed Audiovisual Programme III (2011-2013),
http://www.euromedaudiovisuel.net/p.aspx?t=general&mid=85&l=fr
-
Decisions adopted jointly by the European Parliament and Council, Decision n 1041/2009/CE by the
European Parliament and Council of 21 October instituting an audiovisual cooperation programme with
professionals of third party countries (MEDIA Mundus) ;
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:288:0010:0017:FR:PDF
action‖,
consulted
on
18
2011,
Affairs
April
site,
2013,
o
94
-
Jordan. Neighbourhood cooperation priorities interim implementation report. Document drawn up by the
Council of Europe Secretariat, https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=2080529&Site=CM
-
Adoption and prospects for ICT in the Arab States region
http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-d/opb/ind/D-IND-AR-2012-PDF-F.pdf
-
Law
on
telecommunications
n
°
13
of
1995
and
its
http://www.trc.gov.jo/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=144&lang=arabic
-
Telecommunications Regulatory Commission (TRC), Telecom
market
statistics
http://www.trc.gov.jo/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1942%20&Itemid=1228
-
Orange Jordan not planning to introduce 4G, AME Info.com, The ultimate Middle East Business resource,
March 10 – 2013, http://www.ameinfo.com/orange-jordan-planning-introduce-4g-332695
-
Switching from analogue to digital television: The big picture in the Arab region ITU News, Nº 2 2012;
https://itunews.itu.int/Fr/2371-Passage-de-la-television-analogique-a-la-television-numerique.note.aspx
-
Workshop on ―Digital Terrestrial Television and Optimal use of the Digital
-
Summary of ―Digital Terrestrial Television and Optimal use of the Digital Dividend Workshop‖;
-
The
Constitution
of
The
Hashemite
1952,http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/fr/text.jsp?file_id=227814
-
Jordan Media Monitor - JMM : jmm.jo/
-
Law No. (8), for the Year 1998 Press and Publications Law: http://www.jpa.jo/english/JPALaw.aspx
-
―Despite challenges, Jordan can excel in media field – Odwan‖, The Jordan Times, 6 June 2011.
-
« 24 assaults against journalists registered over past four months –– report », The Jordan Times, 17
September 2012, http://jordantimes.com/24-assaults-against-journalists-registered-over-past-four-months---report
-
―Jordan‘s media gained from Arab Spring, but more is needed‖, The Jordan Times, 4 May 2013.
-
―Jordanian media ‗free‘ — JPA survey‖, The Jordan Times, 24 June 2013. http://jordantimes.com/jordanianmedia-free----jpa-survey
-
« Dismay after Government approve repressive Media Bill », Reporters without Borders, 30 August 2012,
http://en.rsf.org/jordan-dismay-after-government-approves-30-08-2012,43300.html
-
―Activists threaten escalatory measures against gov‘t decision‖, The Jordan Times, 8 Juin 2013,
http://jordantimes.com/activists-threaten-escalatory-measures-against-govt-decision
-
News websites‘ journalists protest against gov‘t move to enforce amended press law, The Jordan Times, 3
June
2013,
http://jordantimes.com/news-websites-journalists-protest-against-govt-move-to-enforceamended-press-law
-
―King meets IPI Executive Director‖, News Release Media & Communication Directorate Royal Hashemite
Court
(Jordan),
23
May
2013,
http://kingabdullah.jo/index.php/en_US/news/view/id/10899/videoDisplay/1.html ;
-
―Responsible media are partners in shaping Jordan‘s future — King‖, The Jordan Times, 23 May 2013,
http://jordantimes.com/responsible-media-are-partners-in-shaping-jordans-future----king
-
Arabic
version
of
law
n°35
of
http://www.lob.gov.jo/ui/laws/search_no.jsp?no=35&year=2000
-
Olga Del Rio Sanchez, La mission de service public audiovisuel dans la région Maghreb/Machrek, Institut
Panos
Paris
et
Observatoire
Méditerranéen
de
la
Communication,
mai
2012;
2012,
Kingdom
2000
UIT,
Geneva,
p.71;
amendments,
2012
-
Dividend‖, TRC;
of
Jordan
accessible
at :
95
http://www.academia.edu/2134048/LA_MISSION_DE_SERVICE_PUBLIC_AUDIOVISUEL_DANS_LA_REG
ION_MAGHREB_MASHREK
-
Provisional
Law
No.
(71)
for
the
year
2002,
Audiovisual
Media
http://www.euromedaudiovisuel.net/Files/2010/03/26/1269563837472.pdf?1269563857670.
-
The Arabic version of the law can be found on the site of the Jordanian press agency Petra:
http://www.petra.gov.jo/public/Arabic.aspx?Lang=1&Page_Id=1096&Menu_ID=35&Site_ID=2
-
The Arabic version of By-law n˚63 of 2004 (By-law to control and approve audiovisual works) promulgated
under article 26 and para.c of article 32 of the Law on audiovisual n˚ 71 of 2002 can be accessed on the
Audiovisual Commission site: http://www.avc.gov.jo/bylawrec.html
-
« Homeward bound: Jordanian movie Transit Cities‖, Gulfnews.com,
http://m.gulfnews.com/homeward-bound-jordanian-movie-transit-cities-1.730765
-
―Egypt, Lebanon and Jordan. Where The Da Vinci Code Scares‖, ResetDoc, 17 November 2006,
http://www.resetdoc.org/story/00000000056
-
Mansour, Dina. ―Egyptian Film Censorship: Safeguarding Society, Upholding Taboos‖. Alphaville: Journal of
Film
and
Screen
Media
4
(Winter
2012)
;
http://www.alphavillejournal.com/Issue%204/HTML/ArticleMansour.html
-
Gaelle Sundelin, ―Censored Swedish movie stirs controversy‖, The Jordan Times, Jun 08, 2013;
http://jordantimes.com/censored-swedish-movie-stirs-controversy
-
http://www.avc.gov.jo
-
Khaled Neimat “Lower House merges, cancels independent bodies‖,The Jordan Times Jun 05, 2013;
http://jordantimes.com/lower-house-merges-cancels-independent-bodies
-
http://www.lob.gov.jo/ui/laws/listall.jsp
-
Department of statistics, Selected Indicators 2011; http://www.dos.gov.jo/dos_home_a/main/jorfig/2011/1.pdf
-
Eurodata TV Worldwide - One Television Year in the World 2013 issue Ipsos MediaCT
-
―Jordan
drops
Terrestrial
channels‖,
Satellite
http://www.satellitetoday.com/st/feature/16152.html
-
«Jumelage avec le régulateur jordanien », La Lettre du Conseil Supérieur de l’Audiovisuel, n◦ 257, février
2012
-
Lyngsat: http://www.lyngsat-stream.com/tvcountry/Jordan
-
http://www.global-itv.com/itv.com
-
http://www.arabe-media.com/tvjordan.php
-
EUTELSAT, Cable and Satellite TV Survey 2010; http://www.eutelsat.com/products/pdf/cable-satellitesurvey-2010.pdf
-
Lists of satellite channels in Jordan – unpublished document.
-
http://jrtv.gov.jo/
-
«La société civile se mobilise pour une véritable mission de service public audiovisuel», PSB Newsletter,
numéro
11,
Panos
Paris-Omec,
juin
2011,
http://www.panosparis.org/IMG/pdf/PSB_newsletter_JUIN_2011_FR.pdf
-
Media Use in the Middle East: An Eight-Nation Survey, Northwestern University in Qatar, Harris Interactive,
24 April 2013;
http://fr.scribd.com/doc/137906439/Media-Use-in-the-Middle-East-An-Eight-Nation-Survey-NU-Q
-
―Momani highlights ‗important role‘ of state media‖, The Jordan
http://jordantimes.com/momani-highlights-important-role-of-state-media
Today.com,
16
December
January
Times,
17,
Aug
25,
Law:
2010,
2001;
2013;
96
-
http://www.jeuneafrique.com/Article/ARTJAWEB20120706181844/. A video of the scene translated into
English by MEMRI TV Videos is available on You Tube at : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryBzU5rUwZE.
-
―Deputy may face charges after drawing gun in on-air brawl‖, The Jordan Times, 17 July 2012,
http://jordantimes.com/deputy-may-face-charges-after-drawing-gun-in-on-air-brawl
-
Hani Hazaimeh, ―Audiovisual Commission ‗had no hand‘ in Josat suspension‖, The Jordan Times, Jul 29,
2012 http://jordantimes.com/audiovisual-commission-had-no-hand-in-josat-suspension
-
―Two new witnesses testify in Josat hearing‖, The Jordan Times, Nov 28, 2012, http://jordantimes.com/twonew-witnesses-testify-in-josat-hearing
-
‗‘Court hearings in Josat, Amwal and Kurdi cases continue‘‘, The Jordan Times, Jan 27, 2013,
http://jordantimes.com/court-hearings-in-josat-amwal-and-kurdi-cases-continue
-
Khaled Neimat, ‗‘MP's trial to go forward despite immunity‘‘, The Jordan Times, Feb 06, 2013,
http://jordantimes.com/mps-trial-to-go-forward-despite-immunity
-
Court freezes proceedings in case against Hroub, The Jordan
http://jordantimes.com/court-freezes-proceedings-in-case-against-hroub
-
Court rejects plea against continuing MP‘s trial, The Jordan Times, Mar 07, 2013
http://jordantimes.com/court-rejects-plea-against-continuing-mps-trial
-
―Josat
revient
de
nouveau―, Jordan
news
agency,
http://jordannewsagency.wordpress.com/2012/08/17/‫الفضائية‬-‫جوسات‬-‫قناة‬-‫جديد‬-‫من‬-‫تعود‬-‫جوسات‬
-
http://www.roya.tv/
-
http://www.roya.tv/Home.aspx?BlocksPage=Roya_Livestream
-
http://www.jordanmediacity.com/en/
-
‗‘La
cité
médiatique
et
« un
nouveau
http://www.allofjo.net/index.php?page=article&id=42856
-
http://www.worldteleport.org/
-
http://www.arabtelemedia.net/about/about.php
-
Eurodata TV Worldwide 2012– One Television Year in the World 2012 issue AGB STAT IPSOS. Annual
overview of TV consumption and audiovisual landscapes in more than 90 territories around the world.
-
Arab Media Outlook 2011-2015 – Arab Media Exposure and Transition, Forecasts and analysis of Traditional
and
Digital
Media
in
The
Arab
World,4th
edition,
Dubai
Press
Club,
UAE,
2012;http://www.arabmediaforum.ae/userfiles/EnglishAMO.pdf
-
http://www.istikana.com/
-
Nina Curley, Video-on-Demand Portal Istikana Announces Deal with Umniah in Jordan, Wamda, February 4,
2013,
http://www.wamda.com/2013/02/video-on-demand-portal-istikana-announces-deal-with-umniah-injordan
-
http://thenextweb.com/me/2011/03/10/youtube-launches-localized-versions-for-mena/
-
http://www.vip4soft.com/news/1338.html
-
ICT Adoption and prospects in the Arab States region 2012, Connect Arab Summit 2012, International
Telecommunications Union (ITU); http://www.itu.int/pub/D-IND-AR-2012
-
http://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/JO
-
Arab ICT Use and Social Networks Adoption Report - 2012, Madar Research & Development, Sponsored
by:
KACST,
Dubai,
United
Arab
Emirates;
http://www.kacst.edu.sa/en/about/publications/Other%20Publications/Arab%20ICT%20Use%20Report%202
012.pdf
souhait‘‘,
Times,
Feb
www.allofjo.net,
19,
2013,
17/08/2012,
04.02.2013 ;
97
-
http://www.madarresearch.com/
-
http://www.socialbakers.com/facebook-statistics/
-
Najeh Hassan, Thresholds of joy, (Atabat Al bahja), Fadaat, Amman, 2012
-
Najeh Hassan, Screens of darkness, Screens of light, Jordanian screenwriting, (Shashat al atma, Shashat al
nour, Ketaba fi aflam ordoniyah), Ministry of culture, Amman, 2003
-
http://www.film.jo/
-
http://www.afci.org/
-
The Royal Film Commission Guide.
-
―The Jordan Film Fund Announces Grants to 19 Cinematic Projects‖, Sat, 06/15/2013,
http://www.film.jo/?q=node/10473
-
http://www.film.jo/?q=ar/node/10121
-
Royal Film Commission - Jordan, Jordan's Hall of Films; http://www.film.jo/?q=node/297/M
-
Royal Film Commission – Jordan. Un-published data, January 2013
-
http://jordanianfilms.com/aboutafc.htm
-
http://jordanianfilms.com/suspend.htm
-
Empire International – Beirut. Unpublished data, April 2013. For information on
http://www.circuit-empire.com/history.asp
-
http://www.srndco.com/
-
Figures collected by the author and film critic Najeh Hassan from distributors and investors in Jordan and
and published separately in the Jordanian daily Al Rai in several articles by the author providing an
overview of cinema in the Kingdom in 2012.
-
JORDAN to week 52 – Top Grossing Film 2012, Up to 16.12.2012, Rank by ADM, Empire International –
Amman/Beirut, April 2013
-
Ranking of films according to box office earnings 2012- up to 16/12/2012 ( week 52 ), Empire International –
Amman/Beirut, unpublished data, April 2013
-
L. ROSANT, Census and Analysis of film & Audiovisual Co-productions in the South-Mediterranean Region
2006-2011,
EUROMED
AUDIOVISUAL
III,
Tunis,
May
2012;
http://euromedaudiovisuel.net/Files/2012/05/29/1338310192044.pdf
-
LUMIERE base of the European Audiovisual Observatory (http://lumiere.obs.coe.int)
-
S. ALI, Data collection initiative covering the film and audiovisual markets in nine Mediterranean countries.
First interim report national Monographs: EGYPT, Euromed Audiovisual III / European Audiovisual
Observatory, 2012, p.66. http://www.euromedaudiovisuel.net/Files/2012/09/17/1347873169237.pdf
-
The site Watcharabicmovies.net; http://www.watcharabicmovies.net/
-
http://www.trigon-film.ch/fr/countries/Jordanie/orderby/director
-
http://www.universcine.com/films/pays/Liban
-
http://catalogue.globalfilm.org/
-
http://jordanianfilms.com/
-
http://www.humanrightsfilmnetwork.org/festivals/karama-human-rights-film-festival
Empire see:
98
-
‗‘Le 24e Festival du Film européen s'ouvre en Jordanie sous le thème des «Transitions»‘‘, 5 octobre 2012,
http://euro-mediterranee.blogspot.com/2012/10/le-24e-festival-du-film-europeen-souvre.html
-
Site of the European Film Festival : http://www.eufilmfestivaljordan.com/site/
-
‗‘19
édition du Festival du film franco-arabe en Jordanie‘‘,
http://latitudefrance.diplomatie.gouv.fr/19e-edition-du-Festival-du-film.html
-
Cécile Thomachot, ‗‘1ère édition du festival du film franco-arabe Noisy-le-Sec France Cinéma‘‘, Respect Mag,
urbain, social et métissé, 13 Octobre 2012, http://www.respectmag.com/2012/10/13/1ere-edition-du-festivaldu-film-franco-arabe-6782
-
The 2nd Edition of the Arab Film Festival; https://www.facebook.com/events/347468571997282/
-
Text of the law n°22 of 1992 exists in English, French and Arabic on the World intellectual property
organisation WIPO: http://www.wipo.int
-
Text of the law n˚52 of 2001 can be accessed in English on the Euromed Audiovisual Programme Legal
database: http://www.euromedaudiovisuel.net/Files/2010/03/26/1269563837284.pdf?1269563842990
-
Chart of countries special 301 placement (1989-2011) and IIPA 2012 special 301 recommendations,
http://www.iipa.com/pdf/2012SPEC301HISTORICALCHART.pdf
-
2009
Special
301 report
on Copyright
Protection
http://www.iipa.com/rbc/2009/2009SPEC301JORDAN.pdf
-
‗‘The
Excellence
in
Media
Award‘‘
http://www.jmi.edu.jo/en/content/40/Founder
-
http://www.globalthinkersforum.org/the-gtf-excellence-awards/
-
http://www.jmi.edu.jo/en/content/39/About-JMI
-
SAE Institute: http://amman.sae.edu/en-gb/home/
-
Luminus Education: http://luminuseducation.com/sae/sae-amman-information
e
awarded
by
and
13
au
22
Enforcement,
the
Global
juin
Jordan,
Thinkers
2012,
IIPA;
Forum.
99
Annex. List of executives and persons interviewed in Jordan (January 2013)
1. Ms Nada Doumani, Communication & Culture Manager - Royal Film Commission (RFC)
2. Mr. Rasmi Mahasnah, Director general of Censorship – Audiovisual Commission (AVC)
3. Mr. Mohannad Al Bakri, General Manager, Luminus Media / SAE Institute
4. Ms. Rula Nasser, Producer et Filmmaker,
5. Mr. Adnan Awamlah, CEO of Arab Telemedia Group
6. Mr. Fayez El sayegh, Executive Director of Roya TV
7. Mr. Hassan Shomer, author, filmmaker and film critic.
100

Jordan - Euromed Audiovisuel

Transcription

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