book of abstracts
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book of abstracts
BOOK OF ABSTRACTS First International Symposium on Medicinal, Aromatic and Nutraceutical Plants from Mountainous Areas (MAP-Mountain 2011) 6th – 9th July 2011 Saas-Fee, Switzerland BOOK OF ABSTRACTS First International Symposium on Medicinal, Aromatic and Nutraceutical Plants from Mountainous Areas (MAP-Mountain 2011) 6th – 9th July 2011 Saas-Fee, Switzerland First International Symposium on Medicinal, Aromatic and Nutraceutical Plants form Mountainous Areas (MAP-Mountain 2011), July 6-9, 2011 Saas-Fee, Switzerland Organizing Committee CARLEN Christoph, Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW, Switzerland, Convener BAROFFIO Catherine, Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW, Switzerland VOUILLAMOZ José, Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW, Switzerland CHASSOT Chantal, Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW, Switzerland, Secretary Scientific Committee MÁTHÉ Ákos, Chair of the ISHS-Section Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Department of Botany, West Hungarian University BÜTER Bernd, VitaPlant, Basel, Switzerland CRAKER Lyle, University of Massachussetts, USA CRISTÓBAL CABAU Roser, Forest Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTFC), Solsona, Spain FRANZ Chlodwig, Institute for Applied Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria GIORGI Anna, Agriculture Faculty, University of Milan, Italy GROGG Alain, HES-SO Valais/Wallis, Sion, Switzerland HOSTETTMANN Kurt, University of Geneva, Switzerland NICOLA Silvana, Department of Agronomy, University of Turin, Italy SIMONNET Xavier, Mediplant, Conthey, Switzerland STUPPNER Hermann, Institute of Pharmacy / Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Austria VENDER Carla, Agricultural Research Council (CRA), Roma, Italy 2 Table of Contents PROGRAM 4 ORAL PRESENTATIONS 9 POSTERS 46 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 126 3 Scientific Program Tuesday, July 5 17.00 18.00 19.15 Registration Welcome reception - Welcome to Saas-Fee - Welcome to Valais/Wallis - Opening Conference The potential of alpine plants for the development of drugs, cosmetics, food supplements and food additives Mayor of Saas-Fee Kurt Hostettmann, University of Geneva, CH Welcome cocktail Wednesday, July 6 09.00 Opening of the Symposium Jean-Philippe Mayor, Director Agroscope ACW, CH Session Ia : Genetic resources, botany, phytochemistry Chairperson : Chlodwig Franz, Institute for Applied Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria 09.20 Therapeutic potential of alpine plants: Leontopodium alpinum Cass., Stefan Schwaiger, Innsbruck University, AT Sambucus ebulus L. and Horminum pyrenaicum L. (O1) 09.50 Biodiversity of medicinal plants from Northwestern Argentina (O2) Angela Etcheverry, Salta University, AR 10.10 Wild plants used by the Cimbrian ethnic minority in the Alps as food and medicine (O3) Concepción Obón, M. H University, ES 10.30 Coffee break 11.00 Medicinal plant diversity in the flora of the west part of Bucegi mountains (Romania) (O4) Neblea Monica Angela, University of Pitesti, RO 11.20 Climate change impact on conservation status of wild Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) populations in Armenia (O5) Armine Abrahamyan, Environmental Protection Department, Latvia, AM 11.40 Intraspecific variability of roseroot (Rhodiola rosea L.) naturally occurring in Mongolian Altai (O6) Jarosław Przybył, Warsaw University, PL 12.30 Lunch Session Ib : Genetic resources, botany, phytochemistry Chairperson : Akos Máthé, Department of Botany, University of West Hungary, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary 14.00 Advances in technologies for the rapid preliminary investigation plant bioactive constituents at the microgram scale (O7) 14.30 Morphological traits and aromatic profiles of genepì Silvana Nicola, University of Torino, IT (Artemisia umbelliformis Lamb.) ecotypes present in Western Alps (O8) 14.50 Results of the Piedmont Region project GENEPIEM Essential oil polymorphism of Thymus pulegioides L. collected in Monti Pisani, Italy (O9) Szilvia Sárosi, University of Budapest, HU 15.10 Behind a liqueur: the phytochemical profile of genepy (O10) Federica Pollastro, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Italy 15.30 Environmental conditions and essential oil diversity of native Thymus pulegioides L. populations in highlands of Hungary and in the Carpathians (O11) Zsuzsanna Pluhár, University of Budapest, HU 15.50 Coffee break 16.10 Chemical composition of Phyteuma orbiculare, a forgotten food plant of the Valais (O12) Olivier Potterat, University of Basel, CH 16.30 Assessment of genetic diversity in IranianWild Mentha aquatica populations using RAPD marker (O13) Mohsen Kazemi, Azad University, IR Poster session 16.45 – 18.00 Poster session with the presence of the authors4 Jean-Luc Wolfender, University of Geneva, CH Thursday, July 7 Session II: Domestication, breeding and molecular assisted selection Chairperson : Bernd Büter, VitaPlant, Switzerland 09.00 Domestication and breeding of wild medicinal and aromatic plants – 30 years of experience in Israel (O14) Nativ Dudai, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, IL 09.30 Rhodiola rosea L. 'Mattmark', the first synthetic variety is launched in Switzerland (O15) José Vouillamoz, Agroscope ACW, CH 09.50 Regeneration and multiplication of MAPs genetic resources by using technical isolation and controlled pollination (O16) Karel Dusek, CRI, CZ 10.10 Attempts to domesticate Primula veris L.: genetic resources and selection (O17) Chlodwig Franz, University of Vienna, AT 10.30 Coffee break 11.00 Development of extraction and rapid analytical methods for the selection of medicinal plants (O18) Ivan Slacanin,Laboratoire Ilis, CH 11.20 Genetic diversity of Finnish Rhodiola rosea population based on ISSR analysis (O19) Zsuzsanna György, University of Budapest, HU 12.30 Lunch Session III a : Cultivation, plant protection and harvesting Chairperson : Silvana Nicola, Department of Agronomy, University of Turin, Italy 14.00 Optimising the cultivation and harvesting of medicinal and aromatic plants from mountainous areas to achieve stable yield and high quality (O21) Christoph Carlen, Agroscope ACW, CH 14.30 Experimental activity carried out on Golden root (Rhodiola rosea L.) in the province of Trento (O22) Carla Vender, CRA-MPF, IT 14.50 Sustainable production of Arnica montana L. in the Catalan Pyrenees (NE Spain): wild harvesting or cultivation (O23) Cristobal Roser, Forest Science Center, ES 15.10 Sustainable harvest practices of Haplopappus taeda, a medicinal plant from the Andean mountains (O24) Hermine Vogel, University of Talca, CL 15.30 Incidence under real conditions of altitude on the development and properties of Leontopodium alpinum Cass. (O25) Xavier Simonnet, Mediplant, CH 15.50 Coffee break Poster session 16.30 – 17.30 Poster session with the presence of the authors 18.00 – 18.30 Business meeting ISHS ‘MAP-Mountain’ for members of the section MAP 19.30 Cocktail Bacardi/Martini Gala dinner at “Holzwurm” Bar 5 Friday, July 8 Session III b : Cultivation, plant protection and harvesting Chairperson : Silvana Nicola, Department of Agronomy, University of Turin, Italy 09.20 In vitro cultivation of Alchemilla mollis (Rosaceae) in Bulgaria (O26) 09.40 Establishment of callus cultures of Rhodiola rosea Bulgarian Ecotype (O27) 10.00 Coffee break Marina Stanilova, Institut of Biodiversity, BG Krasimira Tasheva, Academy of Science, BG Session IV: Post harvest treatments: drying, extraction, product formulation Chairperson: Catherine Baroffio, Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil Research Station ACW, Switzerland 10.30 From alpine plant to natural bioactives: a long way riddled with pitfalls (O28) François Paul, DSM Nutritional Products Pentapharm, CH 11.00 Targets of medicinal plant extracts and isolated phytochemicals in human cells (O29) Amandio Vieira, Simon Fraser University, CA 11.20 Artur Manukyan,University of Munich,DE 11.40 Bioactive compounds and their health-promoting capacity of some caucasian endemic and rare medicinal plants (O30) Bioautographic screening of plant extracts for medicinal, nutritional or cosmetic use by HPTLC: antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibition (O31) 12.30 Lunch 14.00 The microbiological quality of commercial medicinal herbs, extracts and tea bags in Iran (O32) Post harvest treatment of Rhodiola rosea (O33) 14.20 14.40 15.00 15.20 Evelyn Wolfram, ZHAW, CH Majid Azizi, Ferdowsi University, IR Mette Goul Thomsen, Bioforsk, NO Agrorefinery concept applied to medieval aromatic plants from Thierry Talou, CICT, FR mountainous area: case of great calamint (Calamintha grandiflora) (O34) PhytoArk, a value chain project to enhance the valorization of Massimo Nobile, CimArk, CH the alpine plants in Valais (O35) Conclusion of the Symposium Máthé Akos, Chair of the ISHS-Section Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Saturday, July 9 09h00 – 12h00 Botanical Tour with José Vouillamoz 6 Opening Conference The potential of Alpine plants for the development of drugs, cosmetics, food supplements and food additives K. Hostettmann Honorary Professor at the Universities of Geneva, Lausanne, Nanjing, Shandong and at the Chinese Academy of Science in Shanghai, CH-1938 Champex-Lac, Switzerland Numerous Alpine plants are used since centuries for the treatment of various diseases. More recently it was found that some of them contain inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase with some potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, namely Gentiana species and Peucedanum ostruthium (Apiaceae). Since 2010, for the first time, a plant extract has been registered in Switzerland and in some other European countries as an anti-stress drug. This plant, Rhodiola rosea (Crassulaceae), is common in Russia and Scandinavia but is also wild growing in the Alps. Clinical trials (double blind against placebo) have demonstrated that Rhodiola rosea extracts are reducing the salivary concentrations of the stress hormone cortisol in patients. Due to the large number of people suffering from stress and burn out, there is an urgent need to cultivate this highly promising plant. In Switzerland some cultivations have been initiated. Edelweiss and Gentiana species have a great potential for dermatological problems due to their high content in radical-scavenging constituents. From China, we import large quantities of goji berries, Lycium barbarum (Solanaceae) as food supplements with many applications. But in fact, this plant is originated from Europe and is growing well in Alpine regions. Cultivations should be made here without the use of pesticides. Finally, there is an increasing demand of fruits with high vitamin C content. Tropical fruits are imported such as acerola and camu-camu from South America because they contain 30 times more vitamin C than orange. The berries of the plant Hippophae rhamnoides (Elaegnaceae) or sea-buckthorn which occurs in the Alps contain the same amount of vitamin C and in addition large quantities of tocopherols...! 7 8 Oral Presentations Session I : Genetic resources, botany, phytochemistry O01 - O13 Session II : Domestication, breeding and molecular assisted selection O14 – O20 Session III : Cultivation, plant protection and harvesting O21 - O27 Session IV : Post harvest treatments: drying, extraction, product formulation O28 - O35 9 LIST OF ORAL PRESENTATIONS No Title Submittted Author Session I : Genetic resources, botany, phytochemistry O1 Therapeutic potential of alpine plants : Leontopodium alpinum Schwaiger Cass., Sambucus ebulus L. and Horminum pyrenaicum L. O2 Biodiversity of medicinal plants from Northwestern Argentina O3 O4 O5 O6 O7 O8 O9 Wild Plants used by the Cimbrian ethnic minority in the Alps as food and medicine Medicinal plant diversity in the flora of the west part of Bucegi mountains (Romania) Climate change impact on conservation status of wild Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) populations in Armenia Intraspecific variability of roseroot (Rhodiola rosea L.) naturally occurring in Mongolian Altai Advances in technologies for the rapid preliminary investigation plant bioactive constituents at the microgram scale Morphological traits and aromatic profiles of genepì (Artemisia umbelliformis Lamb.) ecotypes present in Western Alps. Results of the Piedmont Region project GENEPIEM Essential oil polymorphism of Thymus pulegioides L. collected in Monti Pisani, Italy O10 Behind a liqueur the phytochemical profile of genepy Stefan Etcheverry Angela Virginia Obon Concepcion Neblea Monica Angela Abrahamyan Armine Przybl Jaroslaw Wolfender Jean-Luc Nicola Silvana Sárosi Szilvia Pollastro Frederica Environmental conditions and essential oil diversity of native O11 Thymus pulegioides L. populations in highlands of Hungary and Pluhár in the Carpathians Chemical composition of Phyteuma orbiculare, a forgotten food O12 Potterat plant of Valais Assessment of genetic diversity in IranianWild Mentha aquatica O13 Kazemi populations using RAPD marker Zsuzsanna Olivier Mohsen Session II : Domestication, breeding and molecular assisted selection O14 O15 O16 O17 O18 O19 O20 Domestication and breeding of wild medicinal and aromatic plants - 30 years of experience in Israel Rhodiola rosea L. 'Mattmark', the first synthetic variety is launched in Switzerland Regeneration and multiplication of MAPs genetic resources by using technical isolation and controlled pollination Attempts to domesticate Primula veris L. : genetic resources and selection Development of extraction and rapid analytical methods for the selection of medicinal plants Genetic diversity of Finnish Rhodiola rosea population based on ISSR analysis Study of genetic diversity among Iranian pomegranate cultivars by using morphological and molecular markers 10 Dudai Nativ Vouillamoz José Dusek Karel Franz Chlodwig Slacanin Ivan György Zsuzsanna Mourmohammadi Zahra Session III : Cultivation, plant protection and harvesting Optimising the cultivation and harvesting of medicinal and O21 aromatic plants from mountainous areas to achieve stable yield and high quality Experimental activity carried out on Golden root (Rhodiola rosea O22 L.) in the province of Trento Sustainable production of Arnica montana (L.) in the Catalan O23 Pyrenees (NE Spain): wild harvesting or cultivation? Sustainable harvest practices of Haplopappus taeda, a medicinal O24 plant from the Andean mountains Incidence under real conditions of altitude on the development O25 and properties of Leontopodium alpinum Cass. O26 In vitro cultivation of Alchemilla mollis (Rosaceae) in Bulgaria O27 Carlen Christoph Vender Carla Cristobal Roser Vogel Hermine Simonnet Xavier Stanilova Marina Establishment of callus cultures of Rhodiola rosea Bulgarian Tasheva ecotype Krasimira Session IV : Post harvest treatments: drying, extraction, product formulation O28 O29 O30 O31 O32 From Alpine Plant to Natural Bioactives : a long way riddled with pitfalls Targets of medicinal plant extracts and isolated phytochemicals in human cells Bioactive Compounds and Their Health-promoting Capacity of Some Caucasian Endemic and Rare Medicinal Plants Bioautographic Screening of Plant Extracts for Medicinal, Nutritional or Cosmetic Use by HPTLC : Antioxidant Activity and Enzyme Inhibition The microbiological quality of commercial medicinal herbs, extracts, and tea bags in Iran O33 Post harvest treatment of Rhodiola rosea Paul François Vieira Amandio Manukyan Artur Wolfram Evelyn Azizi Majid Thomsen Mette Goul Agrofefinery concept applied to medieval aromatic plants from O34 mountainous area : case of great calamint (Calamintha Talou grandiflora) PhytoArk, a value-chain project to enhance the valorization of O35 Nobile the alpine plants in Valais 11 Thierry Massimo O-01 - Therapeutic potential of alpine plants: Leontopodium alpinum Cass., Sambucus ebulus L. and Horminum pyrenaicum L. S. Schwaiger, H. Stuppner Institut für Pharmazie/Pharmakognosie, CMBI, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria Numerous exogenous factors such as environmental parameters including UV radiation, humidity, temperature as well as competition with other individuals or species could influence the amount of secondary metabolites in plant tissue making alpine plant to an interesting source for new lead structures in medicinal research. During the last years we investigated a number of alpine plants for their ability to prevent and interfere with diseases originating in inflammatory processes. The most promising results of those studies were the impact of lignan derivatives of the roots of edelweiss (Leontopodium alpinum Cass.) on atherosclerotic processes and their application in bypass surgery. The investigations of the leaves of Sambucus ebulus (dwarf elder), a plant described already in the “Materia medica” of Disocorides to possess anti-inflammatory properties, afforded a number of new iridoid glycosides. Interestingly, this compound class was not responsible for the described activity. Bioguided isolation of the extract identified ursolic acid as active principle. The search for natural products with the ability to influence the tryptophan metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) led to a dichloromethane extract of the roots of Horminum pyrenaicum L. (Dragonmouth or Pyrenean Dead-nettle). Activity guided isolation of the extract afforded diterpenoid quinone derivatives as active principles. Results of these investigations demonstrate the potential of European alpine plants as sources of new natural compounds with interesting pharmacological properties. 12 O-02 - Biodiversity of medicinal plants from Northwestern Argentina Angela Etcheverry1, Carolina Yáñez1, Diego López-Spahr1, Carlos Gómez2, Trinidad Figueroa-Fleming1, Mercedes Alemán1 1 Catedra de Botánica, Laboratorio de Biología Reproductiva, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Avenida Bolivia 5150, 4400 Salta, Argentina. 2 Laboratorio de Microscopia Electrónica de Barrido (LASEM), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Avenida Bolivia 5150, 4400 Salta, Argentina. Argentina is one of the 25 most diverse countries in the world due to their species richness and endemism. A survey was conducted to categorize medicinal weeds found in Salta Province, which has the highest number of medicinal taxa in the country. We found that Dicots constitutes 92.1%, with 76 families and 258 genera. Asteraceae was the family with the largest number of used taxa (24.55% of the total medicinal plants), followed by Fabaceae (9.02%), Solanaceae (7.67%), Verbenaceae (6.65%) and Lamiaceae (5.63%). Monocots are represented by 10 families and 26 genera, in contrast to 65 families and 232 genera for Dicots plants. These taxa are still used by several ethnic groups from Northwestern Argentina for the prevention and relief of medical disorders. The medicinal species registered in this review, which represent near the 52% of the total medicinal Argentinean flora, demonstrate that Salta province represents an important source of promising plants. 13 O-03 - Wild plants used by the Cimbrian ethnic minority in the Alps as food and medicine D. Rivera1, C. Obón2, F. Alcaraz1 1 Universidad de Murcia, Departamento Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, 30100 Murcia (Spain) 2 Universidad Miguel Hernández, Departamento de Biología Aplicada, EPSO, Crta. de Beniel km. 3.2.- 03312 Orihuela (Alicante, Spain) The Cimbrian ethnic minority extended since the 12th century AD along the southern and eastern border of the Dolomites in the heart of Europe (Italy). They were 35’000 in 1854, and the estimated population in 2000 was 2’230, from which 500 lived in Luserna (Trentino Alto Adige, Trento), 1’500 in the Sette Comuni (Roana (Rowan) and Messaselva di Roana (Rotzo) (Veneto, Vicenza), 230 in Giazza/Ijetzan (Veneto, Verona), and a few dozens in Piano Cansiglio (Veneto, Vittorio Veneto). The Cimbrian language (Upper German, Bavarian-Austrian group) present dialects: Lusernese, Tredici Communi Cimbrian (Taucias), Sette Comuni Cimbrian. Based on structural and intelligibility differences, the 3 dialects could be considered separate languages. Lusernese is heavily influenced by Italian. Interviews, ancient documents and dictionaries were recorded for the traditional rural knowledge, including the management and uses of wild plants. The objectives were to determine the fungi and vascular plant species named and used by the Cimbrian, particularly as food and medicine, and to analyze the results within the context of the Alpine cultures and traditions. Methods included review of literature, especially local papers and books, interviews with members of the different Cimbrian communities in Italy (Trentino and Veneto), and collection of voucher specimens and / or photographs of plants, gardens and landscapes in the different areas. A total of 892 records of plant-uses-names were collected for species of vascular plants and fungi which are (or were) used by the Cimbrian. Medicinal uses were registered for 104 taxa, and uses as food were recorded for 36 taxa. The medicinal species are: 73 wild, 3 wild and cultivated, 20 exclusively cultivated, and 8 imported. Concerning the parts used: the whole plant in 36 taxa, the leaves in 16, the flowers in 14, the roots in 6, and the bulbs in 5. 14 O-04 - Medicinal plant diversity in the flora of the west part of Bucegi Mountains (Romania) Monica Neblea, Mădălina Marian, Magdalena Duţă University of Piteşti, Faculty of Science, Biology-Horticulture Department, Romania Romania has many natural resources in all domains and medicinal plants play an important role in the lives of people. Current regulations concerning plant species protection are not sufficient. Many types of action can be taken in favour of the conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants. Some of these are undertaken directly at the places where the plants are found, while others are less direct, such as ex situ conservation. This paper presents the ecology, sozological category, distribution, habitats, threats, management, monitoring and conservation methods of the most important medicinal plant species in the west part of the Bucegi Mountains (Meridional Carpathians, Romania). In this territory were identified 259 species of medicinal plants belonging to 180 genus and 68 families. Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Ranunculaceae, Apiaceae, Fabaceae and Rosaceae are the largest families and each has more than 10 species of medicinal plants. Some species, such as Gentiana lutea, Angelica archangelica, Arnica montana, Rhododendron myrtifolium, Leontopodium alpinum, Hepatica transsilvanica, Streptopus amplexifolius are endemic, rare or vulnerable taxa both in Europa and in Romania, being mentioned in several national and international documents (Red List of the superior plants of Romania, Habitats Directive). For three species (Gentiana lutea, Angelica archangelica, Arnica montana) were realized orthophotoplans using aerophotography method, in order to highlight their distribution in the studied area. 15 O–05 - Climate change impact on conservation status of wild Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) populations in Armenia A. Abrahamyan1, A.Teilans2, A. Zorins2 1 Environmetal Protection Department, Rezeknes Augstskola, Rezekne, LV4600 Latvia 2 Department of Computer Scineces and Mathematics, Rezeknes Augstskola, Rezekne LV4600,Latvia Climate change and temperature may lead to long-term irregularities in interspecific interaction and may alter plant populations’ dynamics, its structure and ecosystem functioning in the region. Studies on possible effects of climate change on medicinal plants biodiversity and conservation status are particularly significant due to their value within traditional systems of medicine and as economically useful plants. Currently, only limited information on conservation status under the impact of global climate change of these species is available in Armenia. Anthropogenic threats to biodiversity (overpopulation, deforestation and urbanization) have simultaneously hindered research and increased the need for it. From 2006-2009, field studies were conducted to find out changes in growth, phenological and habitat characteristics of Melissa officinalis L., population size and location (GPS mapping). In 2010, we have implicated these research data to carry out future assessment of the risk analysis and impact of global climate change on its population distribution and conservation status. Neural network and genetic algorithms have been identified as stochastic self-learning methods to investigate hidden regularities between different data. Certain factors, such as biological characteristic of plants, habitat of the populations, anthropogenic threats and climate change have been identified as the key elements. In fact, vulnerability of plant population will particularly increase in central and northern part of the country, as they were identified to be comparatively stressful environments under global climate change and anthropogenic threats, which included: poor land management, increasing population pressure, and excessive collection of plants. 16 O-06 - Intraspecific variability of roseroot (Rhodiola rosea L.) naturally occurring in Mongolian Altai Jalbajaw Magsar1, Altantsetseg Sharkhuu1, Katarzyna Bączek2, Jarosław L. Przybył2*, Zenon Węglarz2 1 Plant Protection & Biotechnology Department, School of Agrobiology, Mongolian State University of Agriculture, Zaisan 53, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 2 Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland Intraspecific chemical variability of wild growing roseroot from the area of South East Mongolian Altai was investigated. Five geographically distant populations were the objects of the study. The raw materials used for chemical evaluation were rhizomes and roots. The biologically active compounds in these raw materials were determined by HPLC, using the Shimadzu chromatograph with DAD detector. Nine phenolic compounds were identified: salidroside, p-tyrosol, rosavin, rosarin, rosin, trans-cinnamic alcohol, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid and kaempferol. There were significant differences both between and within populations. The content of main compound, rosavin, varied from 1 900.63 to 4 216.06 mg × 100g-1 between the populations, and from 1 118.54 to 3 390.85 mg × 100g-1 within the most abundant population (No 22). 17 O-07 - Advances in technologies for the rapid preliminary investigation plant bioactive constituents at the microgram scale Jean-Luc Wolfender School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 30, quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland In order to identify new pharmacophores or bioactive compounds, metabolite profiling and bioactivity profiling of crude plant extracts is essential. The large majority of the investigations in pharmacognosy are performed by bioactivity-guided fractionation approach that provides mg amounts of pure NP’s from kilogram of plants. This approach has been very successful in drug discovery, however it is a time consuming process that may sometimes lead to the isolation of compound with minor interest. With the recent improvement of sensitivity in analytical methods and bioassay, this approach is now feasible with milligram amounts of crude extracts and microgram of NPs. This is a challenging task that requires methods providing high chromatographic resolution for detailed profiling. Furthermore these methods should give at-line or on-line spectroscopic information for structure identification and bioactivity results at the same time. In order to solve this issue, we have developed a strategy combining high-resolution metabolite profiling of crude plant or vegetable extracts on high peak capacity UHPLC columns with subsequent microfractionation of the extracts. LC-MS monitored microfractionation is performed with milligram amounts of crude extracts. Complete structural determination of the unknown compounds is then based on at-line microflow NMR (CapNMR) experiments with detection at the microgram level. This approach provides high quality 1D and 2D NMR spectra on the main constituents directly from a single separation. In parallel to this chemical screening, bioactivity profiling is performed by testing the content of the microfractions in various assay such as the zebrafish assay an attractive in vivo system for functional genomics drug discovery. Such an integrated system provides a way to rapidly perform bioactivity guided fractionation with very restricted amounts of plant material preserving thus the biodiversity. On the other hand data collected on the whole mixture can be used for a more global evaluation of the multiple effects and synergy within phytopreparations using holistic approaches such as metabolomics. An overview of the technologies used and strategies followed in our group will be given. 18 O-08 - Morphological traits and aromatic profiles of genepì (Artemisia umbelliformis Lamb.) ecotypes present in Western Alps. Results of the Piedmont Region project GENEPIEM Silvana Nicola1, Giorgio Tibaldi1, Emanuela Fontana1, Carlo Bicchi2, Patrizia Rubiolo2, Moreno Soster3 1 Università degli Studi di Torino – Dip. Agronomia, Selvicoltura e Gestione del Territorio, Via Leonardo da Vinci, 44 10095 Grugliasco (TO) Italy 2 Università degli Studi di Torino – Dip. Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Via Pietro Giuria, 9 10125 Torino (TO) Italy 3 Regione Piemonte – Regione Piemonte, Direzione Agricoltura, Settore Servizi di Sviluppo Agricolo, Corso Stati Uniti 21, 10128 Torino (TO) Italy The 3-year project GENEPIEM was conducted to characterize the genepì (Artemisia umbelliformis Lamb.) ecotypes present in Piedmont Western Alps to be used in the production of genepì liquor. The project aimed to certify the liquor production chain from the cultivation of the herb, thanks to the peculiarity of the Piedmont ecotypes. Seeds of three local ecotypes (Gran Paradiso; Elva; Val Chisone) previously gathered from the wild in Occitan Valleys were sown in 2007 in Alpine experimental fields (> 1500 m asl) and compared to Swiss selections (RAC 12; RAC 16) for the morphological and phenological traits and the essential oil profiles. In 2008, the chamaephyte diameters of local ecotypes were 21.2% smaller than the Swiss selections, while the chamaephyte heights were similar (5.9 cm). The leaf descriptors were very similar among Piedmont ecotypes and Swiss selections, except the length of the main lacinia, which was 30% longer in local ecotypes than in Swiss selections. The Piedmont ecotypes produced 14 flower heads per singular floral scape, in crowded racemes, which were 37.9% greater than the Swiss selections; however, the mean floral scape height in the Piedmont ecotypes was 32% smaller than in the Swiss selections. The essential oils obtained from the distillation of plants from Piedmont contained - and -thujone as main components together with a homologue series of sabinyl esters, while those from Swiss plant selections were characterized by 1,8cineole, borneol and -pinene, and - and -thujone were almost absent. The chemical variability of A. umbelliformis Lamb. was also evident when the sesquiterpene lactone fractions of both chemotypes were analysed: the plants from Piedmont were characterized by cis-8-eudesmanolide derivatives and those from Switzerland by trans-6germacranolide derivatives, in particular costunolide. The project led to conclude that all the Piedmont ecotypes can be considered as a single chemotype, different from the Swiss selections. 19 O-09 - Essential oil polymorphism of Thymus pulegioides L. collected in Monti Pisani, Italy S. Sárosi, J. Bernáth, A. Bertoli, L. Pistelli, S. Benvenuti University of Budapest, Hungary Thymus pulegioides is widely distributed in Europe. It is an upright growing Thymus species characterised by great variability referring to its essential oil components. Up to now, 6 chemotypes of this plant species have been described with the main compounds of thymol, carvacrol, geraniol, linalool, fenchone and alpha-terpenyl acetate. In Italy, only one wild growing population in Campania was analysed and described as thymol chemotype. In our research work, three populations of T. pulegioides collected in Monti Pisani (Santagallo, Tuscany, 650 m a.s.l.) were analysed with respect to their essential oil amount and composition. The GC-MS analysis provided the separation and identification of approximately 34 components accounting for more than 98% in the hydrodistilled essential oils. Two populations were taken in the thymol chemotype group (containing 36.88 % and 37.66 % thymol), with the essential oil amounts of 1.53 g/100 g dw. and 0.74 g/100 g dw. The third population, having typical lemon smell, contained higher amounts of geraniol as main compound (35.64 %) with an essential oil level of 1.05 g/100 g dw. This project was supported by the Eötvös State Fellowship and TAMOP-4.2.1/B/09/ 1/KMR-2010-0005. 20 O-10 - Behind a liqueur: the phytochemical profile of genepy G. Appendino1, F. Pollastro1, C. Avonto1, A. Tubaro2, E. Muñoz3 1 Di.S.C.A.F.F., Università del Piemonte Orientale “amedeo Avogadro”, Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy 2 Dipartimento dei Materiali e delle Risorse Naturali, Università di Trieste, Via A. Valerio 6, 34127 Trieste, Italy 3 Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Avda de Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain Genepy is the name given to a series of Alpine wormwoods growing at high altitude used to prepare herbal teas and, in particular, the homonymous celebrated bitter liqueur, recently granted a Geographical Indication Status by the European Union. Genepy has an interesting ethnomedicine, and has been used in folk medicine to treat cold and inflammation. A remarkable testimony of this use appears in the Les Confessions by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, where he describes the death of the gardener Claude Anet who went to the Alps to collect some genepy, but “s’échauffa tellement qu’il gagna une pleurésie dont le Genipi ne put le sauver, quoiqu’il y soit, dit-on, spécifique”. We have isolated from Artemisia umbelliformis Lam., the only genepy that can be cultivated, a series of sesqui- and sesterpene lactones and flavonoids, some of which show potent anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. The molecular basis for this activity has been traced to the inhibition of several targets of the inflammatory cascade, and especially NF-κB and STAT3. The structure-activity relationships within these compounds will be discussed in the light of their reactivity with an active cysteine mimic. 21 O-11 - Environmental conditions and essential oil diversity of native Thymus pulegioides L. populations in highlands of Hungary and in the Carpathians Zsuzsanna Pluhár, Szilvia Sárosi, Hella Simkó Corvinus University of Budapest, Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Budapest, Hungary Occurrence, environmental factors and essential oil properties of T. pulegioides populations have been surveyed in highlands of Hungary and in the East Carpathians. According to our results, these populations exist in habitats where the base rock (andesite, rhyolite, Pannonian sandstone or salt diapire) have facilitated the development of soils with acidic or near neutral character. In the habitats of the populations studied, mostly slight acidic erubase, podzol, meadow or bare soils were found. From a coenological point of view, it is considered as the element of mountain meadows and hayfields, silicate rocky grasslands or greenweed-oak forests. Almost all dried flowering shoot samples of the populations examined met the requirements of the Pharmacopoeia Hungarica (Ed. VIII., 2004: min. 0.3 ml/100 g essential oil), and values ranged between 0.07 and 1.50 ml/100 g (mean: 0.41 ml/100 g). The following six new chemovarieties have been described: carvacrol/thymol; carvacrol/thymol metylether/γ-terpinene; geranial/linalyl-acetate/neral/linalool; pcymene/spathulenol/geraniol; β-caryophyllene/thymol/γ-muurolene and germacrene-D/β-caryophyllene/γ-muurolene. In the case of T. pulegioides, we have shown for the first time the high ratio of thymol and carvacrol within the same essential oil as well as other chemotypes accumulating high proportions of either thymol, methylether, spathulenol or γ-muurolene. Moreover, we have also pointed out the role of sesquiterpenes in the formation of chemotypes. Correlations have also been proven between ecological circumstances and chemotypes patterns. Among optimal environmental conditions (humid mountain climate), the presence of monoterpene phenolic or lemon scented chemotypes could be determined, while on exposed rock surfaces, the dominance of sesquiterpenes and lower level of volatiles became prevalent. Regarding plant communities, the volatile oil content was lower and the linalool ratio was higher in a steppe slope than in the neighbouring mountain hayfields (near Sovata, Transylvania). Our work was supported by the TAMOP-4.2.1/B-09/1/KMR-2010-0005 project and by the Bolyai Found of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (2008-2011). 22 O-12 - Chemical composition of Phyteuma orbiculare, a forgotten food plant of Valais Christian Abbet1, Ivan Slacanin2, Matthias Hamburger1, Olivier Potterat1 1 Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland 2 Ilis Institute & Laboratory, CH-2503 Bienne, Switzerland Numerous wild plants have been used in the past by the local Alpine population as foods. Most of these have fallen into oblivion, and very little is known about their constituents and biological properties. In this context, we initiated a project to shortlist forgotten plants which could potentially be taken into cultivation and reestablished as food plants with interesting gustatory properties and a phytochemical composition which might have beneficial effects on health. Based on an ethnobotanical survey in the lower Valais region and considerations concerning the feasibility of large scale cultivation, the round-headed rampion (Phyteuma orbiculare L., Campanulaceae), which was eaten in the past as a salad, had been selected for in depth phytochemical investigation. Different extracts of the aerial parts were submitted to a comprehensive metabolite profiling using a combination of TLC, HPLC-UV, HPLC-MS and off-line microprobe NMR analyses. Various secondary metabolites including saponins, phytosterols, flavonoids and phenylpropanoids were unambiguously identified in the aerial parts of P. orbiculare. Among the isolated compounds, two saponins and a sinapoyl glucoside derivative proved to be new natural products. In addition, nutrition relevant substances such as fatty acids, lipophilic and hydrophilic vitamins, minerals and carotene were quantified using validated analytical procedures. Analysis of leaves and flowers collected near Orsières (VS) revealed an interesting fatty acid profile with a very high percentage of -linolenic acid (18:3ω3). Further investigations on samples collected at different locations and at various vegetation stages are scheduled. 23 O-13 - Assessment of genetic diversity in Iranian wild Mentha aquatica populations using RAPD marker Mohsen Kazemi, Mehdi Aran Mentha aquatica is one of the most important medicinal plants. The first step for breeding purposes is to determine the genetic variation. There are various accessions of this plant in Iran; however, no comprehensive study to fully understand it has ever been carried out. In this study, the genetic diversity of 51 Iranian wild populations of Mentha aquatica has been evaluated with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Fresh leaves of seedlings from each population were used for genomic DNA extraction. Cluster analysis of the genotypes was performed using Jaccard’s similarity coefficient and UPGMA method and as a result 51 samples of Iranian Mentha aquatica were divided into 13 groups. The least and highest similarity coefficient were 0.21 and 0.79 respectively. 20 primers were used that produced 240 bands. Among them 230 (94.94%) bands were polymorphic and 10 (5.06%) were monomorphic. The obtained dendrograms and groups showed that the applied markers in the research could distinguish the Mentha aquatica sample properly. Finally, investigation of genetic variation on this species indicated that RAPD marker is suitable approach to determine the polymorphic loci and to estimate the genetic distance between the populations of the species. 24 O-14 - Domestication and breeding of wild medicinal and aromatic plants – 30 years of experience in Israel N. Dudai Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Israel There are many traditional medicinal and aromatic plants endemic to the Levant. The important climatic variations in Israel, in a relatively small area, create a wide range of natural habitats and high biodiversity of wild plants. The increased demand by industry for uniform and high quality raw material, along with the modern developments having the consequence that fewer and fewer people still collect plants from the wild, and that some of the wild species plants are protected, has necessitated the cultivation of various species. This shortage of raw material has encouraged seed companies, researchers and farmers to select cultivars that could substitute for the raw material that once came from the wild. The first step in the domestication and breeding of wild plants is a survey of their dispersion according to existing distribution databases. Seed or vegetative propagation material of the target crops are collected systematically representative of their natural diversity, and are grown in experimental fields in the Newe Ya’ar Research Center under intensive conditions - irrigation, fertilization and several harvests per year. Selection of new cultivars is somewhat different if the plant is annual or perennial and depends on the propagation methods as well. With annual species, propagation normally is done by seeds but with perennial species it could be done also by cuttings. Some of the most important annual aromatic species come from the Umbelliferae family (caraway, coriander, dill, etc,) but also from other families' such as the - Labiatae (basil), Fabaceae (fenugreek), Brassicaceae (mustard) and Compositae (chamomile). In breeding a new cultivar single plants with high performance (yield and quality) are selected from as many sources as possible. These single plants are tested in the same soil and climate conditions that later on will be the place of commercial production. The next step is to produce "families", by self-pollination, from each one of the selected plants, and again to choose only the best ones during 4 to 7 generations until a uniform line is obtained. Thus a new cultivar is "born". In perennial species, if there is a possibility of using vegetative propagation, the selection time could be shorter. The selected plants can be tested in plots after they are propagated by cuttings, as is necessary - before commercialization. This method has been used for oregano, thyme, onion, artemisia and others. Hybridization can be conducted through artificial crossing when the selection process alone does not produce a variety that has all the characteristics that are needed for commercial production. The next areas of study are physiology, the effects of environmental factors, and optimization of agrotechnical methods of the selected varieties. 25 O-15 - Rhodiola rosea L. 'Mattmark', the first synthetic variety is launched in Switzerland José F. Vouillamoz, Claude-Alain Carron, Catherine A. Baroffio, Christoph Carlen Agroscope Station de recherche Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW, Département de recherche en production et protection des cultures en régions alpines / cultures sous serre, Centre de Recherche Conthey, Suisse Rhodiola rosea L., called Golden Root or Roseroot, is an adaptogenic medicinal plant from alpine and arctic regions that is known to reduce stress, trauma, anxiety and fatigue. The main active compounds are salidroside and rosavins (rosarin, rosavin, rovin). Five populations from the Swiss Alps were screened for their salidroside and rosavins contents. With an average production of 2.89 % (± 1,2) salidroside and 2.0 % (± 0,75) rosavins and an average dry weight of 99g/plant in the fourth year, the population in Mattmark (Saas Fee, Valais) near the famous Matterhorn turned out to be the most productive and vigorous. The best plants were selected and a random polycross was performed to produce seeds of ‘Mattmark’, the first synthetic variety of Rhodiola rosea. With the pauperization of natural populations of Rhodiola rosea worldwide to fulfill the demand for raw material for pharma-industries, domestication and selection of this plant will become a crucial issue in order to conserve natural populations, particularly in Russia and Mongolia. 26 O-16 - Regeneration and multiplication of MAPs genetic resources by using technical isolation and controlled pollination K. Dusek, E. Duskova, I. Dolezalova Center of Applied Research of Vegetables and Special Crops of the CRI, Czech Republic Germplasm collection of MAPs maintained at the Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants in Olomouc comprises about 1000 accessions. The majority of species are allogamous and insect-pollinated. The important part of collection represent accessions collected from natural localities of the Czech Republic, mainly from mountain and submountain meadows. They are genera Origanum, Betonica, Plantago, Agrimonia, Hypericum, Thymus, Digitalis, which represent valuable sources for biodiversity conservation and potential materials for researchers and breeders. The gene bank collection of MAPs includes original seed samples as well as accessions multiplied following the international standards. The sample size collected in expeditions varies with respect to abundance of populations and their preservation in natural habitats, thus there is a need for professional multiplication under ex-situ conditions. Multiplication and controlled pollination is needed for acquisition of good-quality seed set (conservation of specific species genotypes, seed set identity and high germination rate). Two types of pollinators have been tested during two vegetative periods: honey-bees (Apis mellifera L.) and bumblebees (Bombus terrestris L.). Quantity and quality of seed set were assessed in two model species, oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and wood betony (Betonica officinalis L.). The results obtained with B. officinalis showed that the highest yield of seed set was recorded in plants pollinated by bumble-bees (1.49 g/plant), while plants pollinated by honey-bees showed 1.25 g/plant and in open-pollinated plants (control) 0.38 g/plant. The highest weight of 1000 seeds was observed in plants pollinated by honey-bees (1.15 g), followed by open-pollinated plants 1.0 g and plants pollinated by bumble-bees 0.81 g. The germination of seeds was about 9 % in both pollinators (bumble-bees 9.75%, honey-bees 9.60%) and control 8.65%. The long-lasting experiences with seed production under controlled pollination have been exploited in the genetic resources management, in practical breeding, seed production and sustainable restoration of countryside (acquisition of seed set for species-rich meadows). 27 O-17 - Attempts to domesticate Primula veris L.: genetic resources and selection Chlodwig Franz, Dieter Boehme, Leo Draxler, Irina Goehler, Johannes Novak Institute for Applied Botany and Pharmacognosy, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerpl. 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria In contrast to the cultivated ornamentals of the genus Primula, the medicinally used flowers and roots of P. veris traded in the international herbal market are almost all gathered from wild populations in mountainous regions in South-East Europe and Asia. Attempts of our group to cultivate this species especially for medicinal and nutraceutical purposes started on one side from an ornamental variety used for “wild flower mixtures”. On the other side, we performed a ‘transsect’ of the species in the 1990s starting from Germany and Austria throughout former Yugoslavia until Greece. A high number of spontaneous growing sites was localized and registered by GPS coordinates to find the individual plants again after phytochemical analysis of the flowers. Seeds could be collected from the marked plants to establish a germplasm collection. The generally low germination rate of wild P.-veris-seeds (20 – 40% only) could remarkably be improved to approx. 80% by treating them with gibberellic acid (GA3) and additionally a cold phase below 0°C in the second week after GA3 treatment. In addition, infections by Alternaria sp., Cladosposium sp. and Fusarium sp. could be controlled by H2O2 and fungicide application. The most important step in domestication of P. veris was a selection program performed to improve flower yield and quality, and a marker assisted program was developed. By repeated single plant selection the number of flower stems and umbels resp. could be increased from less than 10 to more than 20/plant, and simultaneously a uniform stem length and narrow flowering period could be achieved. As regards the phytochemical fingerprint (flavonoid pattern), there was no specific difference between the accessions: each chemotype could be identified in every population. For pharmaceutical purposes, a minimum and maximum content of flavonoids is requested by the registration authorities, but not for nutraceuticals or similar products. The mentioned topics improved the quality, uniformity and last not least the economy of P. veris cultivation remarkably. Nevertheless, the market relies upon both sources, cultivated as well as wild collected material. 28 O-18 - Development of extraction and rapid analytical methods for the selection of medicinal plants Ivan Slacanin ILIS, Chemin de la Passerelle 17, CH-2503 Bienne, Switzerland Agrobotanical work, as in the selection of medicinal plants, requires a large number of phytochemical analyses. To meet these requirements, it is necessary to develop suitable extraction and analytical methods for the rapid extraction and analysis of plants. An example of the development of an efficient and rapid method is described here for Rhodiola rosea (Crassulaceae), Huperzia selago (Licopodiaceae), Leontopodium alpinum (Asteraceae) and Thymus sp. (Labiateae). The first essential step for the analysis of plant material is the sample preparation. To compare the efficacy of the various methods, four different extraction procedures were selected (maceration, ultrasonic bath, extraction under reflux and ASE) and the extracted amounts of analytes were compared. Methanol at four different concentrations (50, 80, 90 and 100%) was selected as the extraction solvent. For the analysis of essential oils in Thymus sp., the SPME and the HS techniques are used for rapid extraction before analysis by GC/FID and GC/MS. For the analysis of the extracts, many different HPLC conditions have been used. In general, the use of acetonitrile, methanol and water at different concentrations, with or without addition of phosphoric, acetic or formic acids, is reported as the mobile phase. A rise of the baseline was observed in the chromatograms produced by the analysis of the compounds in the extracts of Rhodiola roots. The presence of interfering substances (i.e. tannins) was assumed to cause this problem, and different preparation methods were used to lower the base line. Using the long experience of the ILIS laboratory, the protocol of a first HPLC method was tested for semiquantitative analyses of the different extracts. Based on these conditions, a new method was developed to allow rapid quantitative analysis, with a run time of 5 min. Finally, the total time for preparation and HPLC analysis was less than 15 min. Several hundred samples of Rhodiola rosea roots were analyzed for the purpose of selection. 29 O-19 - Genetic diversity of Finnish Rhodiola rosea populations based on ISSR analysis Zsuzsanna György1, Emese Derzsó1, Bertalan Galambosi2, Andrzej Pedryc1 1 2 BCE Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Budapest Agricultural Research Institute, Mikkeli, Finland Rhodiola rosea (Crassulaceae) is a traditional adaptogenic medicinal plant. The Asian, Eastern-European and Scandinavian people have used it for centuries as general immune-stimulant. The pharmacologically most important secondary metabolites accumulating in the roots and rhizome are cinnamyl alcohol glycosides (rosin, rosavin and rosarin) and the phenol glycoside salidroside. Several studies have described that the species show big diversity in morphological characteristics furthermore according to several experiments not only the age of the plant and the organ but also the geographical origin has influence on the secondary metabolite profile of roseroot. The aim of our work was to compare Finnish populations. Roseroot is living in the northern parts of Finland, around the 69°latitude. We examined eight habitats, of which six is found around Kilpisjärvi (500 m elevation) and two is on the Halti hill (1000 m elevation). Young plants were collected in 2003. Between 2003 and 2007 the plants were cultivated on find sandy till, in beds covered with black foil in Mikkeli roughly 1000 km to the south (61°latitude, 104 m elevation). The plants have been cultivated for 5 years, and were evaluated in the spring of 2009. Six individuals were selected from all populations. The roots and rhizomes have been morphologically described. Also we examined the inter- and intrapopulation variability by the use of ISSR markers. The average active agent content (rosin, rosavin, rosarin, salidroside) of the populations was also measured, and the variability of the secondary metabolite content was confronted with the results of the ISSR analysis. 30 O-21 - Optimising the cultivation and harvesting of medicinal and aromatic plants from mountainous areas to achieve stable yield and high quality Christoph Carlen1,2, Claude-Alain Carron1, Xavier Simonnet2 1 Agroscope Changins-Wädesnwil Research Station ACW, 1964 Conthey, Switzerland 2 Mediplant, 1964 Conthey, Switzerland With the increasing demand for medicinal, aromatic and nutraceutical plants from mountainous regions, cultivation of medicinal plants has become more and more important. Plant-breeding, as well as the development of the best cultivation practices for the selected cultivars improve both agronomic and phytochemical traits in order to stabilise yield and increase quality. The example of the genepi (Artemisia umbelliformis Lam.), a plant mainly used in the liquor production due to the essential oil (aromatic compounds) and costunolide (bitter compound) contents in the flower trusses, shows the importance of optimising the cultivation procedures: determing the best seed germination conditions, planting schemes, fertilisation treatments, pests and diseases control methods, harvest periods and drying techniques, as well as defining best soil and climat conditions. For A. Umbelliformis, a very important issue that strongly influences yield and quality of the flower trusses is the harvest period. The yield of flower trusses doubled between the beginning and the end of the flowering period, reaching up to 0.1 kg dry weight per m2. Harvesting from the full flowering onwards results in higher yields. In contrast to the yield evolution, the contents of essential oil and costunolide in the flower trusses of A. umbelliformis drastically decreased from the beginning to the end of flowering. At the beginning of flowering, the essential oil content of the cultivar ‘RAC 12’ exceeded 1.5 %. Seven to nine days later, the essential oil content had decreased of 30 % in the first year after planting, and of 60 % in the second one. However, no significant variation in the phytochemical profile was observed in relation to the harvesting stages. The dynamics of costunolide content is very similar to that of essential oil, with a maximum at the beginning of flowering and a quick drop towards full flowering. At its maximal concentration, the costunolide content was very high with nearly 3%. In conclusion, harvesting of A. umbelliformis at the beginning of flowering is recommended to guarantee a product of high quality. 31 O-22 - Experimental activity carried out on Golden root (Rhodiola rosea L.) in the province of Trento Nicola Aiello1, Fabrizio Scartezzini1, Carla Vender1, Francesca Cangi2, Sara Mercati2, Sergio Fulceri2 1 Agricultural Research Council, Forest Monitoring and Management Research Unit (CRA-MPF), Piazza Nicolini, 6 - 38123 Trento, Italy 2 Laboratorio Controllo Qualità, Gruppo Aboca –Planta medica, Aboca S.p.a. Via della Libertà 37/ter - 06010 Pistrino di Citerna (PG), Italy Rhodiola rosea L. (golden root) is a perennial, herbaceous plant belonging to the Crassulaceae family. Its name does not refer to the colour of the flowers, but to the rose smell of its root, rich in active compounds (phenylpropanoids, phenylethanoids and terpenes) that are useful to counteract the typical stress of the contemporary lifestyle. Most Golden root raw material for industrial processing comes from wild collecting from the Altai area of Southern Siberia, but this species grows in most parts of the Alpine range, and it is quite common in the Eastern Alps of Trento province. Within the project “PARMA” (Piante Alimentari, aRromatiche e Medicinali Alpine) funded by the Autonomous Province of Trentino during the period 2004 –2008, the seeds of five Alpine accessions of Golden root were collected and with the seedlings obtained various experimental trials were carried out in the province of Trentino with the aim to compare the effects of different field management and altitudes. During the cropping period, the main morphological parameters were recorded (n° of stems, stem length etc.) and after three or four years of cultivation the rhizomes and roots yield was determined and the qualitative analysis of the main constituents was performed by HPLC. 32 O-23 - Sustainable production of Arnica montana L. in the Catalan Pyrenees (NE Spain): wild harvesting or cultivation? R. Melero, E. Moré, I. Vázquez, R. Cristóbal, M. Fanlo Forest Sciences Center of Catalonia (CTFC), Ctra. De St. Llorenç de Morunys, km. 2, E-25280 SOLSONA (Spain) During 2009, an assessment of the potential production of arnica (Arnica montana L.) in the Catalan Pyrenees (NE Spain) was conducted. The study was focused in the peripheral protected area of the Estany de Sant Maurici i Aigüestortes National Park (26733 ha), where the species grows naturally. For the development of an economic activity related to arnica production in the area, two options were considered: wild harvesting or cultivation. Their potentialities and limitations were examined: resource density in the wild (flowering plants/ha), current demand of arnica flower caps in the national market, legal constraints, cultivation requirements and socio-economy of the area. Our results confirm that wild arnica can often be found in Aigüestortes, but with a scattered distribution, growing in small areas of less than 1.4 ha. In these areas, the resource density was 490 flowering plants per hectare with 1-3 flower caps per plant (85% of plants with 1 flower cap). Arnica is listed in the Annex V of the Habitats Directive, meaning that sustainability of wild harvesting has to be guaranteed. Considering the resource level in Aigüestortes, sustainable wild collection can be ruled out, since the estimated yield was 70.5 g/ha of dry flowers, if following the recommended sustainable wild harvesting methods. The consumption in the Spanish market was estimated in 1266 kg dry flowers/year. Arnica cultivation in small fields could be the alternative for supplying this demand and also it is adaptable to the current agriculture of the area, which is based on livestock pasturages. Since local genotypes showed a good quality with 0.72-1.11% sesquiterpene lactones (0.4% is the minimum content required by the European Pharmacopoeia) and a good germination rate (79% in 28 days without pre-treatment), their cultivation is encouraged. 33 O-24 - Sustainable harvest practices of Haplopappus taeda, a medicinal plant from the Andean mountains Hermine Vogel, Ursula Doll, Benita González University of Talca, Chile Haplopappus taeda is one of the resinous Haplopappus species traditionally used in Chile as a digestive herb called “bailahuén”. It is endemic to the mountain areas over 1300 m above sea level at latitude 35°S. Wild collectors often eradicate the whole shrub or cut the woody branches at soil level. To study whether these harvesting practices are sustainable, we marked wild plants in an area with restricted access and submitted them to different harvesting levels: cutting all branches at soil level, or cutting 100%, 80% or 50% of the leafy tips of the branches. Plants were monitored over two years and compared with non-harvested plants. The average aerial biomass of a wild plant reached about 0.6 kg dry weight, 235 g being green resinous leaves. 60% of the individuals cut at soil level did not re-grow at all, whereas the remaining 40% showed only half the number of branches after one year and 88% after two years. Even when cutting only 80% of the green tips after two years the number of branches was reduced to 80% compared with the control treatment. When harvesting all green parts, each branch developed in the following year about 11 leaves, whereas in the treatments with some of the leaves left, the number of leaves present reached between 16 and 17. In the second season these differences were no longer significant. We consider as sustainable “wild-crafting” the level where the biomass of the harvested plants did not differ significantly from the non-harvested plants after one growing season. This condition was only achieved in the treatments where 50% of the leafy tips were cut. 34 O-25 - Incidence under real conditions of altitude on the development and properties of Leontopodium alpinum Cass. X. Simonnet1, M. Quennoz1, N. Marcon2, S. Schwaiger3, H. Stuppner3, A.F. Grogg2 1 Mediplant, CH-1964 Conthey, Switzerland Institut Life Technologies, HES-SO Valais,CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland 3 Institut für Pharmazie, Pharmakognosie, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria 2 Numerous exogenous factors such as environmental parameters including UV radiation, harvest date, damages caused by pests as well as competition with other individuals or species could influence the amount of secondary metabolites in plant tissue. The altitude of the growing site is a factor rarely assessed. It is a difficult parameter to dissociate as it involves also many environmental factors like precipitation, soil composition, temperature, wind speed, sunshine. On the other hand the genetic variability of the studied species has to be taken in account. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of altitude on both the growth and the phytochemistry of edelweiss (Leontopodium alpinum Cass.) by controlling soil composition and plant genetics. No such study has been performed previously. Two edelweiss genotypes were planted in pots containing identical substrate and were grown on an altitudinal transect from 500 m to 2400 m a.s.l in central Valais, Switzerland. The plants were harvested in 2005 and 2006. Low or high altitudes (up to 2000 m a.s.l.) did not affect the vigour and productivity of this alpine species. Among the compounds measured, only chlorogenic acid concentration in leaves and bracts changed with altitude. The EC50 values, representing the redox properties of leaves extracts were obtained by means of standard colorimetric tests (antioxidant power: iron 2,4,6-trispyridyltriazine complex & radical scavenging power: diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical). No correlation with altitude was shown. However, redox properties varied from simple to double according to the site. These results suggest that the growing site (influence of temperature and precipitation) have more influence than the altitude (UV radiation influence) on plant stress induction and therefore on the active compounds content. 35 O-26 - In vitro cultivation of Alchemilla mollis (Rosaceae) in Bulgaria Marina Stanilova, Rossen Gorgorov, Antonina Vitkova Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 23, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia Alchemilla mollis is a high-mountain medicinal plant, critically endangered species for the territory of Bulgaria. The only known population of the species is situated in the Central Balkan National Park. The above-ground parts and rhizomes of the plant are used for skin epithelium regeneration and as styptic and antiinflammatory agents. Recent studies have shown that the species successfully develops in ex situ collections under different environmental conditions in Sofia plain, Vitosha Mt. and the Rhodopes Mts. The aim of this study is the conservation and sustainable use of A. mollis through the application of biotechnological methods for in vitro cultivation. Different techniques for in vitro cultivation were studied in order to elaborate a protocol for rapid micropropagation of the species. Culture was initiated by seed germination on MS-based agar medium containing 3 mg/l BAP and 1 mg/l α-NAA, at 23±2ºC and 16 h light daily. The removal of the seedlings’ roots stimulated formation of shoot clusters. Plantlets were consecutively sub-cultured every three mounts by separation of the new shoots providing a progressively enhanced propagation coefficient of 1.9, 2.5, and 6.1 shoots per explant. Additional increase of the multiplication effectiveness was achieved in liquid culture with the same composition, which led to formation of enormous clusters of up to 36 shoots within 6 weeks; however, some of the shoots were puny and needed to strengthen on agar medium. The best micropropagation efficiency was achieved by the use of temporary immersion system RITA®. Cluster development was shortened, and about 28% of all shoots were arranged in threads similar to rhizomes. Rooting during the next passage on agar medium occurred also faster, moreover, roots developed trichomes, which facilitated the ex vitro adaptation in a soil mix. 36 O-27 - Establishment of callus cultures of Rhodiola rosea Bulgarian ecotype K. Tasheva, G. Kosturkova Department of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria Rhodiola rosea L., roseroot (Golden root or Arctic root), is an herbaceous perennial plant of the family Crassulaceae. Rhodiola radix and rhizome is a multipurpose medicinal herb with antidepressant, anticancer, cardio protective and central nervous system stimulating effects. Aiming at callus induction, leaves excised from in vitro micropropagated Rhodiola rosea plants were placed on 18 variants of nutritious media containing MS basic medium supplement with BAP, 2-ip, kinetin, 2,4-D, IAA, NAA, casein hydrolysate and glutamine in various combination and concentrations. The highest response to formation of callus (62.85 % and 73.17 %) was observed on two media - containing 1 mg/l BAP and 1 mg/l or 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D. These two combinations of plant growth regulators proved less efficient when 1 g/l casein hydrolysate was added. Callogenesis was not observed in any of the variants containing 2-ip and most of the variants containing NAA. Callus growth rate and tissue characteristics varied depending on the culture media composition with a tendency of positive correlation between callus induction efficiency and callus growth in most of the variants. BAP in concentration of 1 mg/l favoured fast growing compact tissue with grain structure easy to be maintained. Callus growth continued for more than 6 months being subcultured each 20 days on the same initial medium. In the present pioneer study optimal combinations and concentrations of phyto-regulators were determined for efficient induction and maintaining of callus amenable for long-term cultivation allowing accumulation of biomass and biochemical analysis of valuable secondary metabolites. 37 O-28 - From alpine plant to natural bioactives: a long way riddled with pitfalls François Paul Head Plant Alpaflor, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Branch Pentapharm Usine Alpaflor, Ch. Saint-Marc, 5, CH-1896 VOUVRY Nature contains a source of infinite inspiration of raw materials potentially interesting for beauty care. Before being suggested to the cosmetic industry, these raw materials have to go through a more and more small and sophisticated riddle. This process will be illustrated with the development of some organic active ingredients from alpine plants: Edelweiss, alpine willow herb, alpine skullcap, etc. This riddle is performed through the following steps: Plant choice: our goal is to develop plants from alpine flora which have a high content of secondary metabolites. The large choice among 4’500 species is done according to bibliographic, scientific, ethnobotanic, safety, economic and marketing criteria. Natural and organic plant cultivation: organic certified plants assuring protection of the biodiversity, sustainability and fair trade. We can guarantee a total traceability from seeds to the final active ingredients. Phytochemical knowledge of the plant: identification of active components by bioguided fractionation of raw extracts. The specific parts of the plant are harvested at the point when they contain the highest concentration of active compounds. Natural extraction and formulation with their restrictions: standardized and organic certified extracts according to Ecocert® and NATRUE requirements. Safety assessment: efficacy vs. safety, more and more safety tests are required. Objectives: in vitro and in vivo assays are performed in order to finally obtain natural bioactive of scientifically proven effectiveness for personal care. 38 O-29 - Targets of medicinal plant extracts and isolated phytochemicals in human cells V. Fong, N. Aftab, A. Vieira Nutrition Research Laboratory, K9625, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6 As a common initial step in ethnopharmacology, plants with purported medicinal activity are typically analyzed in experimental disease models; for example, plant extracts and isolated phytochemicals (or their metabolites) are tested for activities in terms of modulating physiological parameters in animal models, functions of human cells, or specific in vitro biochemical reactions. In more random screening of large numbers of plants for a given biological activity, high-throughput biochemical and cellular assays are most commonly used. We have been working on developing several such assays, and two categories of these will be detailed in this presentation. (1) Screening assays have been developed for potentially neuroprotective effects of medicinal plants (extracts, and isolated phytochemicals) based on assessment of the cellular pro-oxidative actions of neurotoxic, misfolded and aggregated proteins involved in some hereditary human amyloidogenic diseases. This assay can be used for screening plants or their isolated phytochemicals, especially those with purported neuroprotective actions. Initial data will be presented for a component of Picrorhiza kurroa, Royle ex Benth. (Scrophulariaceae), a Himalayan alpine plant. (2) High throughput screens have also been developed for plants extracts that may potentially modulate human cell membrane structure and function, with a focus on the functional parameter of endocytic transport. These parameters are fundamental to the function of most cells, and their modulation as measured in these assays may have physiological and pathological consequences in the context of diseases such as cancer and atherosclerosis. This work is ongoing; and the latest results regarding the plants and phytochemicals with major activities will be presented. (3) We are also working in a third area of medicinal plant analysis with potential relevance to a wide range of chronic human diseases: modulation of cellular epigenetic programs. A brief review of this revolutionary and relatively new field of research, and of related screening strategies, will be presented. 39 O-30 - Bioactive compounds and health-promoting capacity of some Caucasian endemic and rare medicinal plants Artur Manukyan Center of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany Despite the growth of the synthetic medicine production, there is a growing demand for herbal remedies for the world market. At the same time, in the last decades there has been a sharp increase of anthropogenic influence on the flora; particularly some rare and endangered herbs are more and more collected from wild population in many regions of the world, also in Caucasian region, for local demand and export. The Caucasus is one of the richest and most threatened mountainous reservoirs of plant and animal life on Earth. The aim of this work is to study the content, the composition of biologically active compounds (essential oils, carotenoids, polyphenols, alkaloids and dianthrone derivatives) and their antioxidative capacity, as well as the lipid peroxidation potential of different eco races of some Caucasian endemic, rare, endangered and valuable medicinal plants thyme (Thymus transcaucasicus), St John's-wort (Hypericum eleonorae) and knapweed (Centaurea hajastana). The metabolite profiles of these herbs were analyzed by GC/MS and HPLC. Bioactive compounds were quantified and their health-promoting properties were analyzed in bioassays. It was shown that the content, composition, antioxidative activity and lipid peroxidation potential of studied biologically active compounds significantly depends on plant provenances (eco races). Such research can provide new important knowledge about the bioactive compounds and their pharmacological effects of the most promising provenances of selected Caucasian endemic and rare species. It can also make significant contribution in discovering new effective drugs. 40 O-31 - Bioautographic screening of plant extracts for medicinal, nutritional or cosmetic use by HPTLC: antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibition Evelyn Wolfram, Daniela Spriano, Beat Meier Zürcher Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften (ZHAW), Institut für Biotechnologie, Fachgruppe Phytopharmazie, Wädenswil, Schweiz Thin Layer Chromatography has since its invention 1938 a long tradition as a method for identification and characterization of plant raw materials and extracts. Since HPTLC uses in most cases a postchromatographic derivatization for optimal optic detection of the separated natural substances, researchers began also to use derivatization techniques for activity testing of the separated substances. These methods on the basis of planar chromatography are called bioautography methods. The evidence of bioactivity is an important criterion for the commercial use of natural substances and extracts not only in the pharmaceutical but also the nutraceutical and cosmetic field. The availability of rapid screening tools in the early stages of the development process is very valuable for an efficient selection process for new and innovative ingredient candidates from natural sources. Starting from culturing and breeding of medicinal and aromatic plant material, such assays could be used to optimize for high activity in raw material production as well as in the extraction as well as fractionation steps. The proposed oral paper will give an introduction to bioautographic assays on the basis of HPTLC for pharmaceutical, nutritional and cosmetic use and present results on latest developments of such assays at the Research Group Phytopharmacy at the Zürcher Fachhochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften (ZHAW). The wide applicability to the agricultural as well as phytochemical part of product development projects from medicinal and aromatic plants will offer participants from academics and industry an insight in an alternative tool for activity detection. 41 O-32 - The microbiological quality of commercial medicinal herbs, extracts, and tea bags in Iran R. Vali Asil1, M. Bahreini2, F. Oroojalian2 and M. Azizi1 1 Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran 2 Medicinal plants may be exposed to a wide range of microbial contamination during pre- and post-harvest stages and they can present high microbial counts. In this study, we have analyzed the microbial quality of 44 samples of herbs namely: Mint (Mentha sp.), Balm (Melissa officinalis), Summer savory (Satureja hortensis), Iranian Thyme ( Zataria multiflora), Valerian (Valeriana wallichii) and the tea bags. The samples were collected from traditional herbal shops. Bacterial contamination of the samples was evaluated using Baird-Parker agar (BP), Tryptone Bile X-Gluc (TBX), Violet Red Bile Agar (VRBL), and Violet Red Bile Glucose (VRBG) used for the selective isolation and enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli sp., coliform bacteria, and Enterobacteriacea respectively. Furthermore Xylose lysine deoxycholate agar (XLD) and Bismuth Sulfite Agar (BSA) were used for the detection of Salmonella sp. Fungal and mold contamination was assessed using yeast extract glucose chloramphenicol agar. The results was shown detecting a contamination of the samples with total count (100%) and Enterobacteriacea (85%), total coliform (83%), mold & yeast (98%) and E. coli sp. (2.27). The analysis from herbs showed that the percentage of contamination was 56.81% in both microbiological values. Pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp., from tea bag and herbs were not detected. Water and hydro-alcoholic extract showed a lower microbial load in comparison to dry herb. In conclusion the highest and the lowest contamination were observed in valerian and Iranian Thyme, respectively and therefore selection of a suitable disinfestations method before using the herb in traditional medicine recommended. 42 O-33 - Post harvest treatment of Rhodiola rosea M.G. Thomsen, B. Galambosi, Z. Galambosi, M. Uusitalo, A. Heinonen Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Norway The cultivation of Rhodiola rosea faces a number of challenges. It is a slow growing species that reaches its maximum production in biomass and content of active metabolites after approximately 5-6 years of cultivation. Cultivated plants develop more rapidly than wild growing plants, and five year old cultivated plants have been found to yield the same weight and content of active metabolites as 30 – 50 years old wild growing plants in the Moscow region. To obtain the highest quality of cultivated plants, harvesting is recommended after 4-6 years. Post harvest processing of the roots involves washing, division and drying, and may affect the content of active metabolites in the roots, so that the risk of fermentation after division is high. A limited number of data is available concerning the optimum harvest time and drying temperature of Rhodiola rosea. The aim of the present experiments was therefore to obtain more detailed data for optimizing the harvest time and drying temperature of fresh roots of Rhodiola rosea in North-Europe at the Nordic latitude of 60-66 º N. The results showed that Rhodiola rosea had 21 % higher content of total rosavins from spring to full flowering compared to the period from seedset to wilting. However, the rhizome also showed an increase of 69% in dry weight during the last half of the growing season. Drying temperature affected the content of total rosavins which was significantly higher at drying temperatures up to 50˚C (p<0,05). After one year of storage, the content of total rosavins was slightly but significantly reduced, especially if dried at higher temperatures (p = 0,05). 43 O-34 - Agrorefinery concept applied to medieval aromatic plants from mountainous area: the case of great calamint (Calamintha Grandiflora) Thierry Talou1, Diana Dobravalskyte1,2, Chaker El Kalamouni1, Christine Raynaud1, Rimantas Venskutonis2 1 Université de Toulouse, INP-ENSIACET, Laboratoire de Chimie Agroindustrielle UMR 1010 INRA-INP, 4 Allée Emile Monso FR-31030 Toulouse 2 Kaunas Technology University, Department Food Science, Radvilenu pl 19 LT-50254 Kaunas Aubrac Tea aka Great Calamint (Calamintha grandiflora), belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is a perennial herb having a strong and penetrating mint odour which was presently famous for its use as a condiment in French “Nouvelle Cuisine” by Michelin three stars cook Michel Bras. Labelled as medieval (forgotten) aromatic plant, great calamint is grown in fir tree and beech forests in the Aubrac mountains at 1500 meters elevation (southern Massif Central of France) as well as in Lithuanian land fields (150 meters elevation). The agro refinery concept, i.e. valorisation of entire plants by sequential extractions of molecules of interest while not penalizing the subsequent valorisation of residual by-products as biosourced molecules (antioxidant or biocides ones), is based on the Green Chemistry concept and fits the requirements of Sustainable Agriculture. In the framework of the AROMATIC program, great calamint was selected as model plant for application of agro refinery concept to aromatic plants. First, essential oils and aromatic extracts of French and Lithuanian great calamints were extracted by hydrodistillation from leaves, flowers and roots. Chemical constituents were characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS. Then, in order to study the chemical potential of by-products, the residues obtained after hydrodistillation were separated into liquid and solid fractions. The solid fraction was dried and then extracted in cascade with acetone, methanol and ethanol, while the liquid fraction (aromatic waters) was freeze-dried and spray-dried. The antioxidant potential of the different plant extracts, including essential oils, was evaluated by using different in vitro assays. Two main antioxidant activity tests were employed: i) assays to evaluate oxidation of fats, oils and other fat containing foods (Oxipress); ii) assays to evaluate radical scavenging activity in model systems (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP). The antioxidant activities were expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE) to standardize these methods and to allow data comparisons. 44 O-35 - PhytoArk, a value-chain project to enhance the valorization of the alpine plants in Valais Massimo Nobile CimArk, Sion, Switzerland Around 80% of aromatic and medicinal plants grown in the Valais are used in relatively low added-value food products. This is the main reason why the Valais aims at implementing a centre of excellence and building a specific network of academic and industrial expertise to enhance the valorisation of the alpine plants in high tech products. The goal is to better exploit the potential of the natural products in markets such as cosmetics, phytopharmaceutics or health-nutrition. Technological added-value will result in new business opportunities in order to reinforce SME competitiveness. PhytoArk is a project of the global value chain of the aromatic and medicinal plants in Switzerland: it builds up a footbridge between producers, research centres and SMEs (Small and Medium sized Enterprises). Briefly, PhytoArk sets up a technological platform entirely dedicated to the extraction and qualification of new alpine plants and their valorisation in new high added-value products. It offers a toolbox and services to develop new extracts and active ingredients, develop and optimize new processes of extraction and purification, and offer specific competences in terms of economic intelligence. Therefore, PhytoArk would allow each SME to develop projects, from the idea to the pre-industrial product, by proposing the full set of competences in the field of natural product valorisation. By creating wealth, business opportunities and economical development in the Valais, PhytoArk ambitions to become a leader in the field of the medicinal and aromatic plants at the International level. 45 Posters Session I : Genetic resources, botany, phytochemistry P01-P33 Session II : Domestication, breeding and molecular assisted selection P34-P37 Session III : Cultivation, plant protection and harvesting P38-P73 Session IV : Post harvest treatments: drying, extraction, product formulation P74-P78 46 LIST OF POSTERS No Title Submitted Author Session I : Genetic resources, botany, phytochemistry P01 P02 P03 Phytochemical study of Lagochilus cabulicus Benth. Barari Phytochemical study of Cistus albidus (Cistaceae) in northern Bendifallah mountainous region (Algeria) Effects on the quality and nutritional traits of wood strawberry D'Anna fruits in Sicily Leila Fabio P04 HPLC based metabolite profiling of Satureja khuzestanica P05 Diversity and distribution of medicinal fabaceae in Salta Province, Etcheverry Argentina Angela Virginia P06 Conservation and sustainable use of threatened medicinal plant Evstatieva Ljuba Evstatieva Ljuba Gali-Muhtasib Hala P07 P08 P09 P10 P11 P12 P13 P14 P15 P16 P17 P18 P19 P20 P21 P22 P23 Sesquiterpene lactones contents in multiple in vitro shoots of three Arnica montana populations Sesquiterpene lactones from Lebanese plants: identification and characterization of antitumor mechanisms Composition of the essential oil of Stachys lavandulifolia vahl from Central Zagross Mountains Essential oil from the fruits of Pistachia khinjuk stocks grown in Bakhtiari Zagross Mountains, Iran Ethnobotany and antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants from high altitude of Bakhtiari Zagross mountains, Iran Polyphenol contents and anti-oxidant effects castor aralia(Kalopanax septemlobus koidz.) leaf extracts in Korea Medicinal and environmental indicator species of Utricularia from montane forest of Peninsular Malaysia Plant genetic resources conservation by cryopreservation Ebrahimi Elham Ghasemi Pirbalouti Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti Abdollah Han Jingyu Haron Norma Wati Kaviani Livani Behzad Evaluation of genetic diversity of Iranian wild alcea rosea Kazemi population using RAPD Phytochemical and pharmacological studies of some medicinal Koane plants in Central African antidiabetic properties. Phytochemical Investigation of Echinophora cinerea Wild plants used by the mocheni ethnic minority in the Alps as food and medicine Ethnobotanical survey on wild food plants in the lower and central Valais Phyteumosides A and B : New saponins with unique triterpenoid aglycons from Phyteuma orbiculare L. Database biodiversity conservation of medicinal herbs in SouthEast Rajasthan Investigation of essential oil percent and essence component in six Ecological regional of Hymenocrater platystegius Rech. Comparison of chemical composition & antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Nepeta menthoides isolated by Hydrodistillation and Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation 47 Samad Mohsen Jean-Noël Nikan Marjan Obon Concepcion Potterat Olivier Potterat Olivier Ram Avtar Sabet Teimouri Mozhgan Samadi Mahtab P24 P25 P27 P28 P29 P30 P31 P32 P33 Comparative study of different populations of oregano (Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum (Link) Ietswaart) found in Sicily Effect of Mg treatment on the production of Indian tobacco (Lobelia inflata L.) Conventional and unconventional techniques for in situ conservation and capitalization in agrosystems of Veronica officinalis In vivo and in vitro phytochemical studies of Arnica montana L. species from Romanian Eastern Carpathians Antioxidant activities of Bulgarian Golden root – endangered medicinal species Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil from Seseli rhodopeum Flavonoid glycosides and free radical scavenging activity of two Bulgarian Alchemilla species Chorological studies of some medicanal plants from sozological categories of Romania Fagaras Mountains flora Quantitative and qualitative performance of two golden root (Rhodiola rosea L.) accessions grown at different altitude in Northern Italy Tuttolomondo Teresa Mathe Akos Stefanache Camelia Paula Stefanache Camelia Paula Tasheva Krasimira Todorova Milka Todorova Milka Valeriu Alexiu Vender Carla Session II : Domestication, breeding and molecular assisted selection P34 P36 P37 Genetic improvement of essence percent and dry flower yield in Golparvar German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) populations Screening of important medicinal herbs for water stress Thakur tolerance Alpine plant extracts: from nature to the lab Ahmad Reza Anju Vouillamoz José Aiello Nicola Session III : Cultivation, plant protection and harvesting P38 P39 P40 P41 P42 P43 P44 P45 P46 P47 Cultivation trial of Arnica montana L. wild accessions Seed germination tests on Arnica montana L. and Rhodiola rosea Aiello L. wild populations The study on the effects of different levels of vermicompost and plant density on quantitative and qualitative characters of Azizi evening primrose ( Oenothera biennis L.) New diseases and pests in medicinal and aromatic plants Flowers of Medicinal and aromatic plants fertilized by bees in Algeria mountainous area Study of phenological stages and factors affecting on regeneration of Foxtail lilly (Eremurus spectabilis) Micropropagation of Nepeta nuda L. – Influence of auxins and cytokinins Comparison of volatile compounds induced by aphids and mechanical damage in Achillea collina Effect of soil in the growth of "Gentiana lutea L. radical system in north mountains of León (Spain) Effect of selected Bio-fertilizers on Yield indices and essential oil of peppermint (Mentha piperita) 48 Nicola Majid Baroffio Catherine Bendifallah Leila Dashti Majid Dimitrova Milena Giorgi Annamaria Gonzalez Lopez Oscar Hadavi Ebrahim P48 P49 P50 P51 P52 P53 P54 P55 P56 P57 P58 P59 P60 P61 P62 P63 P64 P65 P66 P67 P68 P69 Growth and essential oil yield of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as affected by foliar sprays of citric acid and salicylic acid Growth and essential oil yield of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) as affected by foliar spray of citric acid and malic acid Effect of Zn fertilization and irrigation on growth parameters and essential oil content of Costmary (Tanacetum balsamita L.) Essential oil content and composition of Germander (Teucrium polium L.) as influenced by harvesting time Impact of exogenous salicylic acid on some growth parameters, essential oil content and composition of Anise hyssop (Agastache foeniculum) plants subjected to drought stress Adventitious shoot regeneration and harpagoside content of Scrophularia takesimensis Nakai – A rare endemic medicinal plant Direct adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf and petiole explants of Ajuga multiflora Occurrence of phytopathogenic fungi on medicinal, aromatic and nutraceutical plants in mountainous areas of Croatia Sowing date and plant density effects on blackseed (Nigella sativa) Yield in Iran Induction of somatic embryogenesis for plant regeneration in Polianthes tuberosa The effect of drought stress and gibberellic acid(GA) on germination of Thymus daenensis seeds as a medical plant Hadavi Ebrahim Hadavi Ebrahim Hassani Abbas Hassani Abbas Hassani Abbas Jeong Byong Ryong Jeong Byong Ryong Kaliterna Josko Madani Hamid Mat Taha Rosna Mirabdualbaghi Mitra Effect of organic matter from different sources on yield of saffron Mohammadzadeh Photosynthetic carbon dioxide uptake during in vitro culture of Motounu Arnica montana L. The restoration of arnica montana phytopopulations from arges Neblea county flora using in vitro micropropagation Germination of Peucedanum ostruthium (Apiaceae) Some ecophysiological and edaphic parameters of Angelica archangelica Linn. (Apiaceae), a threatened high altitude aromatic herb from Romanian Charpathian Mountains Effect of abiotic factors on accumulation of secondary metabolites in St. John’s Worth raw material Effects of Phytohormones on growth phase and histology studies of in vitro established callus of Podophyllum hexandrum Royle procured from Himalayan region of Indian subtropics Modeling the effects of light and GA treatments on seed germination of Papaver bracteatum L. Dormancy breaking treatments on eight ecotypes of Bunium persicum Effect of light and temperature on growth and active substances of caraway (Carum carvi L.) Seed germination behaviour of the endangered medicinal plant Podophyllum hexandrum Royle 49 Ahmadreza Monica Monica Angela Novak Johannes Popescu Gheorghe Cristian Radusiene Jolita Raman Dang Saei Ali Saeidnejad Amir Hossein Sharafzadeh Shahram Simonnet Xavier P70 P71 P72 Micropropagation of Rhododendron brachycarpum D. Don Sivanesan Cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants under agroforestry Takhur intervention Influence of 6-benzylaminopurine and indole-3-butyric acid on in vitro propagation and secondary metabolites accumulation in Yordanova Lamium album L. from Lozen mountain P73 Achillea collina ‘Spak’: optimal harvesting period Carron P74 Basilprotect – A cocktail of parasitoids again aphids in aromatic Rosemeyer plants and herbs Iyyakkannu P.S. Zhenya Claude-Alain Viola Session IV : Post harvest treatments: drying, extraction, product formulation P75 Differential modulation of tumor promotion in skin cancer by sesquiterpene lactones isolated from indigenous middle eastern Darwiche mountainous plants Nadine P76 Ecocert Alpine rose active protects skin proteins Frank P77 P78 P79 Gafner Molecular mechanisms of mnti-cancer and mnti-inflammatory Gali-Muhtasib mffects of gallotannin Study of cosmeceutical activities of Korean raisin tree (Hovenia Kim dulcis var. koreana Nakai) extracts Application of bioreactor system for commercial production of Eleutherococcus somatic embryos for secondary metabolites and Shohael antioxidant properties 50 Hala Sea-Hyun Abdullah P01 – Phytochemical study of Lagochilus cabulicus Benth. Ahmad Reza Gohari1, Elham Barari2, Soodabeh Saeidnia1, Ali Reza Shakeri2, Ebrahim Motaghedi3 1 Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, PO Box 14155-6451, Iran 2 Department of Chemistry, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran The genus Lagochilus belongs to the Lamiaceae family and consists of 44 species distributed all over the world, 33 of which grow in central Asia. Five species of this genus have been found in the Iranian flora and 4 species are exclusively growing in Iran. One of these species, Lagochilus cabulicus Benth., was collected during flowering stage, dried at ambient temperature under shade condition and cut into small pieces. Plant material was successively extracted with ethyl acetate and methanol solvents using percolation method. Main compounds were separated and isolated by column and thin layer chromatography. The isolated compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods, including 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. In conclusion, four flavonoids, Tricetin 3´-methyl ether, Quercetin, Quercetin 3-O--Dglucopyranoside, Quercetin 3-O--L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→6) -D-glucopyranoside, two steroids, -Sitosteryl acetate, Stigmasteryl acetate and one triterpenoid, Lupeol, have been identified for the first time in this plant species. 51 P02 – Phytochemical study of Cistus albidus (Cistaceae) in northern mountainous region (Algeria) Leila Bendifallah, Souad Alouan, Sadjia Drah, Fatma Zohra Dougarem Université M’hamed Bougara, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Biologie, 1 avenue de l’indépendance, DZ-35000 Boumerdes, Algeria Man has always had an extraordinary power to exploit natural resources. One historical consequence of such power is the ability to benefit from the medicinal properties of a variety of plant wildlife. The herbal medicine know-how that supports this ability is usually acquired traditionally, over generations, through trial and error as well as experimental analysis and observation in many regions of the world. In Algeria, for example, traditional medicine is thus widely practiced by the indigenous population. While herbal therapies continue to play a major role in the traditional medicine practices of many regions worldwide, their prescription guidelines often lack rigor and are unlikely to meet the requirements of standard medical practice. In spite of that, as many as over 20 000 species of plants are currently used in the world for nutrition, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and specific therapies. We report on one such species, Cistus albidus (Cistaceae), which has garnered very little scientific interest thus far, particularly in Algeria, even though it has a plethora of uses for treating various diseases. In particular, its leaves, in decoction, are used for the hypoglycemic treatment of gastric pain. As a poultice, the leaves are used to treat abscesses. Infused in tea, they are used as a digestive. For this study, the leaves were gathered during springtime (in April) from the mountainous region of Ahl El Ksar, in northern Algeria. By its geographical position and its micro-climate, this region exhibits a great ecological and floristic diversity, giving rise to a very strong tradition in herbal medicine practices. In such a propitious context, the aim of this study was to enhance Cistus albidus as a medicinal herb. Our phytochemical analysis results showed a remarkable combination of chemical components including alkaloids, glycosids, coumarins, and flavonoids. In particular, several families of flavonoids were further revealed by thin layer chromatography. 52 P03 – Effects on the quality and nutritional traits of wood strawberry fruits in Sicily Fabio D’Anna1, Giuseppina Caracciolo1, Walther Faedi2, M.L. Maltoni2, Eleonora D’Anna1 1 Dipartimento dei Sistemi Agro-Ambientali (S.Ag.A) dell’Università degli Studi di Palermo – Italy 2 CRA- FRF, Centro di Ricerca per la Frutticoltura di Forlì – Italy In Sicily, the common wild woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) is spontaneous in the Madonie mountains (554 m above sea level), Nebrodi mountains (900 m) and Mount Etna (1450 m). The major clone cultivated in Sicily is "Fragolina di Sciacca e Ribera”, named after the countries where the crop originally developed. It is characterized by very small fruits, a globose-conical shape, a deep red colour, a very soft flesh, a strong aroma and flavour. Other everbearing clones are also cultivated in Sicily because they continuously give production for many months. Solid soluble content, total titratable acidity, individual sugars, organic acids, total antioxidant capacity, total polyphenol content, vitamin C and anthocyanins were quantified in berry sample of Fragolina di Sciacca e Ribera and Regina delle Valli (everbearing) grown in two production sites in Sicily (Brolo-Nebrodi mountains and Marsala) characterized by different soil, climatic condition and altitudes (respectively 890 and 24 m above sea level). The lab analyses on fruits are still ongoing and the results on the environment and genotype effects will be shown in this International Symposium. 53 P04 – HPLC based metabolite profiling of Satureja khuzestanica Samad Nejad Ebrahimi1,2, Javad Hadian2, Matthias Hamburger1 1 Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland 2 Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C.,Tehran, Iran The genus Satureja L. contains over 30 species, distributed in the Mediterranean area, Middle East, and North America. In Iran, Satureja species are collectively known as “Marze Kohi”. Altogether 14 species grow in the northern, western and southern parts of Iran, eight of them being endemic. One of these endemic species is Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad which is widely distributed in the southern parts of Iran. In Iranian folk medicine the plant is used as analgesic and antiseptic. Antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic and reproduction stimulatory properties of S. khuzistanica extracts have been reported. So far there has been limited investigation on phytochemical profiling of this plant, except essential oil analysis. An HPLC-based characterization of MeOH extract of aerial parts of S. khuzestanica was carried out using on-line HPLC-PDAMSn, and off-line microprobe NMR. Various secondary metabolites including flavonoids, monoterpene glycosides and phenylpropanoids were identified in the aerial parts of S. khuzestanica. Major metabolites include diosmetin 7-rutinoside, rosmarinic acid, methyl rosmarinate, militiric acid, methyl militirinate, zataroside A, zataroside B and erigeroside. Structural characterization of minor compounds is also reported. 54 P05 – Diversity and distribution of medicinal Fabaceae in Salta Province, Argentina. Ángela Etcheverry1, Carolina Yáñez1, Diego López-Spahr1, Trinidad Figueroa-Fleming1, Mercedes Alemán1, Carlos Gómez2 1 Catedra de Botánica, Laboratorio de Biología Reproductiva, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Avenida Bolivia 5150, 4400 Salta, Argentina 2 Laboratorio de Microscopia Electrónica de Barrido (LASEM), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Avenida Bolivia 5150, 4400 Salta, Argentina Fabaceae is the second largest family in terms of medicinal plants in Argentina. The diversity of this family, due to the large number of species in the world (over 18,000), is evidenced in the production of a large number of metabolites. In this study, we have analyzed the species diversity and distribution of Fabaceae in the Salta Province (Northwestern Argentina). We have modelled the potential distribution of each species using a program that allowed estimating its probabilistic distribution, based on the principle of maximum entropy. We used a program to consider the digital elevation models. Georeferenced records were used, and geographic coverage of environmental parameters that could potentially limit their ability to survive was performed. Records were digitalized from herbarium specimens and databases. The geographical coverage of environmental parameters was obtained from a set of climatic layers, generated through interpolation of data from different meteorological stations. 55 P06 – Conservation and sustainable use of threatened medicinal plant – Sideritis scardica Griseb. in Bulgaria Ljuba Evstatieva1, Kalina Alipieva2 1 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecological Investigations, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria 2 Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry , Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria Sideritis scardica Griseb. (Mountain tee, Pirin tea, Mursalitza tee) is an endemic of the Balkan peninsula, included in the Red Book in Bulgaria as a rare species. Its collection and trade from nature is prohibited. The species is occurs in Pirin, Slavjanka and Rodopes mountains from 1000 to 2200 m above sea level. Sideritis scardica is a very popular medicinal plant used for treatment of bronchitis and bronchial asthma, against common cold, lung emphysema, etc. There is a big threat for the wild populations of S. scardicaa which are fairly degraded on the basis of anthropogenic factors and habitat loss. Limitations, implemented by National Protection Law, were not adequate to stop this process. One of the most imperative actions for conservation of natural habitats of species and its sustainable use are its cultivation. Samples from five wild populations of S. scardica were examined among controlled conditions near Sofia for chemical constituents and biomass production. The most perspective selected samples of species were tested in different cultural areas in Bulgaria, from 100 to 1500 m a. s. l. The selected plants had grown and developed well in new horticultural conditions and gave economic yield about 3000 kg/100² m dry mass annually. Chemical variation of total flavones and flavonoids of S. scardica in cultural conditions is discussed. Economically valuable habitats are recommended for cultivation in the country. The results will be used for further selection, sustainable use and production of qualitative drug material. 56 P07 – Sesquiterpene lactones contents in multiple in vitro shoots of three Arnica montana populations M. Petrova1, E. Zayova1, M. Todorova2, J. Staneva2, A. Vitkova3, L. Evstatieva3 1 Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria 2 Institute of Organic Chemistry with Center of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. 3 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria Arnica montana L. (Asteraceae) is an economically important plant and a source of bio-active sesquiterpene lactones. A. montana shoot cultures of three origins were studied: natural habitat in the Carpathians, Ukraine (ACU); Botanical garden, Chemnitz, Germany (ACG), and Botanical garden, Vienna, Austria (AVA). The rate of shoot micropropagation on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with a range of cytokinins: BAP (6-benzylaminopurine); Z (zeatin); 2-iP 6-(ү,ү dymethylallylamino)-purine and TDZ (thidiazuron) was tested. It was found that BAP and Z were more effective than 2-iP and TDZ. The maximum number of shoots (3.1) was obtained for the ACG plants, while for AVA it was much lower (1.7), both of them being grown in MS medium with 1.0 mg/l BAP, showing that the process of shoot multiplication is genotype-dependent. Dry leaves collected from morphology equalized plants after two sub-cultivations on MS medium without plant growth regulators were used for investigation of sesquiterpene lactones accumulation. The total sesquiterpene lactones content varied from 1.6% to 2.3%, depending on the origin. The A. montana plants from ACU origin were successfully in vitro rooting and ex vitro acclimatized in the greenhouse. The lactone content in the plants from the greenhouse was several times less (0.63%) than the in vitro cultures. 57 P08 – Sesquiterpene lactones from Lebanese plants: identification and characterization of antitumor mechanisms Mohammad Salla1, Najat Saliba2, Nadine Darwiche1, Hala GaliMuhtasib1 1 Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Lebanon 2 Salograviolide A (Sal A) and Iso-seco-tanapartholide (Parth) were isolated and purified respectively from Centaurea ainetensis and Achillea falcata, two plants indigenous to the Middle East. Bioassay-guided fractionation using colon cancer cell lines showed significant decrease in cell viability, G 2/M arrest and apoptosis by Sal A and Parth alone. Combinations of Sal A and Parth produced remarkable synergism; Sal A (3µg/ml) and Parth (5µg/ml) caused only 25% reduction in cell viability, while 80% decrease was observed when combining the two compounds. No significant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed by each drug alone, while the combination produced 25 times increase in ROS in both cell lines. Apoptosis by the combination treatment was accompanied by a 5-fold increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. The strong antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) reversed combination-induced cell death, suggesting that ROS are involved in the antitumor activities of Sal A and Parth. The combination treatment induced major disruption in the mitochondrial membrane potential (rhodamine123) and NAC almost totally prevented the permeabilization of the mitochondrial membrane, emphasizing the role of ROS. Members of the serine/threonine mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) appeared to be involved in the antitumor activity of both compounds; Sal A and Parth combinations activated all three members of the MAPKs (ERK, JNK and p-p38). The protein levels of p-JNK, p-ERK and p-p38 increased starting at 4h and maximal induction was evident at 8h. Using specific ERK and p38 inhibitors caused 60% reduction in cell death. In summary, Sal A and Parth have promising anti-colon-cancer effects and act synergistically by inducing ROS and activating the MAPK pathway, suggesting that they are potential chemotherapeutic antitumor drugs for colon cancer therapy. The in vivo activities of these sesquiterpene lactones should be explored and their exact molecular targets determined before clinical use. This work was supported by HITECH-FZE funds provided to the Nature Conservation Center for Sustainable Futures (IBSAR). Oral presentation is preferred. 58 P09 – Composition of the essential oil of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl from Central Zagros Mountains A. Ghasemi Pirbalouti1, M. Mohammadi2, M. Yousefi2 1 Department of Medicinal Plants, Researches Centre of Medicinal Plants & Ethno-veterinary, Islamic Azad University-Shahrekord Branch, POBox: 166, Shahrekord-Iran 2 Department of Plant Sciences, Payam Noor University, Isfahan Branch, Isfahan,-Iran In Iran, 34 species of Stachys are present, among which 13 are endemic. Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl is a native plant that has been used as an anxiolytic and sedative in Iranian folk medicine. The plant is known as Chay-e-kohi in Persian and its English name is Betony. It is used as herbal tea in gastrointestinal disorders. Tea made from the whole plant or leaves is used on account of its sedative, antispasmodic, diuretic and emmenagogic activities. The decoction of the leaves and flowers is being used by the tribal people of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari for treatment of skin infection, menorrhagia and as an anti-bacterial. Also, the areal part of Stachys lavandulifolia has been used by tribal people of Ilam Province West Iran, as carminative, sedative and cardio tonic, and for treatment of rheumatism, indigestion and headache. The essential oils of Stachys lavandulifolia from different locations (Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Provinces, Southwest Iran) were analysed by GC and GC-MS. The results revealed differences in the content of compounds depending on region of sample collection. Chemical variation related to genetic and environmental factors is frequently encountered in medicinal plants. Further studies are needed to see if the changes in chemical composition in the studied oils of Stachys lavandulifolia are on the account of different environmental conditions of both localities or if the chemotypes are genetically fixed. 59 P10 – Essential oil from the fruits of Pistachia khinjuk Stocks grown in Bakhtiari Zagros Mountains, Iran A. Ghasemi Pirbalouti, K. Aghaee Department of Medicinal Plants, Researches Centre of Medicinal Plants & Ethno-veterinary, Islamic Azad University,Shahrekord Branch, POBox: 166, Shahrekord-Iran Pistachia khinjuk Stocks. is an evergreen shrub or tree of the Anarcadiaceae family. P. khinjuk is a native plant in Iran, whose resin has been used as an indigestion, tonic, toothache and astringent plant in Bakhtiari folk medicine. In addition, fruits of P. khinjuk are edible. The plant is known as Khenjuk or Kelkhong in Persian. Fruits of P. khinjuk collected throughout Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province, Southwest Iran, were examined for chemical variability in fruits’ components. Fresh fruits were hydrodistilled on a Clevenger type apparatus for 3 h and studied by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), showing qualitative and quantitative differences. The essential oil was found to be rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons. 60 P11 – Ethnobotany and antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants from high altitude in Bakhtiari Zagros mountains, Iran A. Ghasemi Pirbalouti, F. Malekpoor, B. Hamedi Department of Medicinal Plants, Researches Centre of Medicinal Plants & Ethno-veterinary, Islamic Azad University,Shahrekord Branch, POBox: 166, Shahrekord-Iran The major aim of this study was to investigate ethnobotany and determine antimicrobial activity of sixteen medicinal, aromatic and nutraceutical plants from high altitude in the Bakhtiari Zagross Mountains, Iran. Antimicrobial activities of extracts from sixteen Iranian traditional plants, including Heracleum lasiopetalum Boiss. (Apiaceae), Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. (Lamiacae), Thymus daenensis Celak. (Lamiacae), Ziziphora teniur L. (Lamiacae), Echiophora platyloba L. (Apiaceae), Dracocephalum multicaule Benth. (Lamiacae), Kelussia odoratissima Mozff. (Apiaceae), Mentha longifolia Hudson. (Lamiacae), Achillea kellalensis Boiss. (Asteraceae), Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. (Lamiacae), Hypericum scabrum L. (Hypericaceae), Quercus branti Lindley. (Fagaceae), Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae), Pistachia atlantica Desf. (Anacardiaceae), Arnebia euchroma (Royle.) Johnston. (Boraginaceae) and Salvia hydrangea DC. (Lamiacae) were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Yersinia enterocolitica, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni and Candida albicans by agar disc diffusion and serial dilution assays. The results of the study reveal that some species play an important role in primary healthcare system of these tribal communities. Some of the medicinal plants showed relatively high antimicrobial activity against all the tested bacteria and fungi. The results obtained appeared to confirm the antibacterial potential of the plants investigated. In conclusion, it can be said that the extract and essential oil of some of the medicinal plants from high altitude of Bakhtiari Zagross Mountains could be used as natural antibacterial agents in the food preservation and human health. 61 P12 – Polyphenol contents and anti-oxidant effects of Castor aralia (Kalopanax septemlobus koidz.) leaf extracts in Korea Jingyu Han1, Sea-Hyun Kim1, Dong-Ha Jun2, Moon-Su Kang1, Moon-Sup Kim1 and Jin-Tae Lee2 1 Department of Forest Resources Development Korea Forest Research Institute, Suwon 441-847, Korea 2 Department of Cosmeceutical Science, Daegu Haany University, Gyungsan 712-715, Korea The aim of the study was to assess the physiological activity of Castor aralia (Kalopanax septemlobus) leaf and it is possible that can be used as a medicinal ingredient for application of functional food and medicine industries. The concentration of total phenolic compound of hot water and 70% EtOH extracts of Castor aralia leaf showed 104mg/L and 125mg/L respectively. In the result of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) scavenging radical activity, 70% EtOH extracts of Castor aralia leaf showed 93.1% and that result was similar to BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole) effect at 1,000ppm concentration. Also, xanthine oxidase inhibition of hot water extracts and 70% EtOH extracts of Castor aralia leaf were 46.6% and 60.4% at 1,000ppm, respectively. In these results, Castor aralia leaf has a good potential as a medicinal ingredient with a natural anti-oxidant source. 62 P13 – Medicinal and environmental indicator species of Utricularia from mountainous forest of Peninsular Malaysia Noorma Wati Haron, M.Y. Chew Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Utricularia L. (Lentibulariaceae) is a cosmopolitan genus of carnivorous plants with highly specialized small bladders (0.2-1mm) for trapping and digesting minute aquatic animals. There are fourteen species in Peninsular Malaysia, including ten species from mountainous areas. Utricularia vitellina and U. scandens are both rare mountain species. Utricularia vitellina is hyper-endemic to the mossy highland stream banks of Gunung Tahan and Gunung Korbu (elevation from 1,526-2080 m above sea level). U. scandens is only known from Gunung Tahan (elevation from 380-387 m a.s.l.). U. involvens are found on Guning Jerai myrtaceous lowermountain forest to upper-mountain forest (elevation up to 1189 m a.s.l.) while U. caerulea grows on mountain stream-beds up to 901 m a.s.l.. Both U. involvens and U. caerulea are narrow range species. U. aurea, U. bifida, U.gibba, U. minutissima, U. striatula and U. uliginosa are fairly common species, growing on the elevation up to 2180 m a.s.l.. Being sensitive to changes and pollutions, both U. aurea and U.gibba could serve a role as environmental indicator species which are easily used to predict the general health of the habitat with their absence or presence. U. aurea also serves as ornamental plant suitable for aquaria and rockeries. U. caerulae is used for healing of wounds and U. bifida is used as a remedy for urinary disease. 63 P14 – Plant genetic resources conservation by cryopreservation Behzad Kaviani1, Davood Hashemabadi1, Alireza Tarang2, Sahar Bohlouli Zanjani2, Amir Hosein Darabi1, Afshin Ahmadi Hesar3, Seyed Hossein Seyedi3, Seyed Morteza Afzalian3 and Sara Ghafari3 1 Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran 2 North Research Institute, Rasht, Iran 3 Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran Cryopreservation is a perfect method for long-term conservation of plant genetic resources at very low temperature (liquid nitrogen, -196°C). This method has been recognized as a practical and efficient tool for the long-term storage of germplasms. Cryopreservation is based on the non-injurious reduction and subsequent interruption of metabolic functions of biological materials by reducing the temperature to that of liquid nitrogen. Conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources is essential to meet the demand for future food security. Various techniques have been developed to minimize desiccation and freezing damage, thus ensuring high recovery. Plant germplasm kept in liquid nitrogen does not undergo cellular division. In addition, metabolic and most physical processes are arrested at this temperature. Thus, plants can be stored for very long time periods and both the problem of genetic instability and the risk to lose accessions due to contamination or human error during subculture are overcome. Techniques like in vitro culture and cryopreservation have made it easy to collect and conserve genetic resources, especially of species that are difficult to conserve as seeds. There are still a limited number of cases where cryopreservation is used for plant germplasm conservation, mainly because the techniques need to be adapted for each species in function of its natural freezing resistance, explant size and type, and its water content. Ice crystal formation must be avoided during the freezing process, which otherwise would cause physical damage to the cells. Air-drying, freeze dehydration, osmotic dehydration, addition of penetrating and nonpenetrating cryoprotective substances, and hardening metabolism or combinations of these processes are cryogenic strategies. From the original slow-cooling method, researches have moved to easier and more reproducible techniques, such as vitrification. However, the availability or developments of a simple, reliable and cost-effective strategies and the subsequent regeneration of the plants are basic requirements for germplasm conservation. 64 P15 – Evaluation of genetic diversity of Iranian wild Alcea rosea population using RAPD M. Kazemi1, M. Aran2 1 Department of Horticulture Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University Karaj branch, Young Researchers Club, Karaj, Iran 2 Department of Landscape, College of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran The Hollyhock (Alcea rose) is a summer flowering biennial that is native to China and belongs to the Malvaceae family. Hollyhock is one of the most important medicinal plants. The first step for breeding purposes is to determine the genetic variation. There isn’t any report on using molecular markers to evaluate genetic variation in Alcea rosea. There are various accessions of this plant in Iran; however, no comprehensive study to fully understand it has ever been carried out. In this study, we used RAPD technique to estimate the DNA polymorphism and genetic diversity among various accessions of this plant in Iran. Sixty accessions of Hollyhock, native to Iran, have been gathered from different parts of Iran to assess the genetic variability of the plant and to study their quantitative as well as qualitative features. The collected samples were evaluated using RAPD molecular marker. Cluster analysis of the genotypes was performed using Jaccard’s similarity coefficient and UPGMA method and as a result sixty samples of Iranian Hollyhock were divided into 18 groups. The least and highest similarity coefficient were 0.31 and 0.75 respectively. 18 primers were used that produced 228 bands. Among them 219 (93.73%) were polymorphic and 9 (6.27%) were monomorphic. The obtained dendrograms and groups showed that RAPD markers could distinguish the Hollyhock sample properly. Finally, investigation of genetic variation on this species indicated that RAPD marker is a suitable approach to determine the polymorphic loci and to estimate the genetic distance between the populations of the species. 65 P16 – Phytochemical and pharmacological studies of some medicinal plants in Central African antidiabetic properties J.N. Koane1, J.L.Syssa-Magale1, J. M. Ouamba2 1 Laboratory of Architecture Analysis and Reactivity of Natural Substances, Faculty of Science, University of Bangui, BP908 Bangui, Central African Republic 2 Unit of Plant Chemistry and Life Science Faculty, University Marien NGOUABI, B.P. 69, Brazzaville – Congo For thirty years, diabetes is a real public health problem worldwide. It results in abnormally high blood sugar measured in the blood several months apart, at a concentration greater than 1.4 gr. per liter at fasting and it affects all age groups. It is a chronic metabolic disease that occurs when the pancreas does not secrete insulin, insulin-dependent (type I) usually affects young individuals age 30 or when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin secretion and that it is in deficit; form of diabetes found in adults and obese: diabetes non-insulin-dependent (type II). Besides these two forms of diabetes are primitive, there are diabetes secondary to other diseases, diabetes and gestational diabetes Mady. Indeed, given the dissatisfaction found in modern medicine, traditional herbal tracks seem to reinforce potential interest, including the process of development, from plant to phytomedicine through appropriate scientific methods, could offer a credible alternative, for communities. 66 P17 – Phytochemical investigation of Echinophora cinerea M. Nikan, A. R. Gohari, S. Saeidnia Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P O Box 14155 – 6451, Tehran, Iran The genus Echinophora represents a group comprising four species in the flora of Iran, including one endemic: E.cinerea (Bioss.) Hedge et Lamond. We prepared chloroform and methanolic extracts of the aerial parts of E.cinerea collected from Zagros mountain range and subjected them to analysis. Four compounds were isolated using chromatographic methods and identified with spectroscopic techniques (¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, ¹H-¹H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, EIMS, FTIR). These compound, isolated in this plant for the first time, are: 6-(9’-O-β-Glucopyranosylnon-7’-(E)-ene-3’,5’-diynyl)-pyran-2-one-3,5-diene, Lupeol, Quercetin-3-Glucoside and β-Sitosterol. 67 P18 – Wild plants used by the Mocheni ethnic minority in the Alps as food and medicine C. Obón1, D. Rivera2, F. Alcaraz2 1 Departamento de Biología Aplicada Universidad Miguel Hernández Crta. De Beniel Km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela (Alicante) Spain 2 Departamento Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología Universidad de Murcia, Murcia (Spain) The Mocheni ethnic minority is concentrated in one single valley of the southern border of the Dolomites Mountains in the heart of Europe (Italy). The Mocheni arrived in this area during the 13th century, and the estimated population in 2000 was of ca. 2’000: 400 in Fierozzo, 1’000 in Palú and 460 in Frassilongo, three localities of the Valle del Fersina (Comunità Alta Valsugana e Bersntol / Trentino). They speak three different dialects (belonging to the Upper German, BavarianAustrian group): Fierozzo (Florutz), Palú (Palai), Frassilongo (Gereut), and can partially understand Bavarian, Cimbrian, or Standard German. They also speak Italian. Interviews, ancient documents and dictionaries recorded the traditional rural knowledge, including the management and uses of wild plants. The objectives of the study were to determine the fungi and vascular plant species named and used by the Mocheni, particularly as food and medicine, and to analyze the results within the context of the Alpine cultures and traditions. Methods include review of literature, especially local papers and books, interviews with members of the different Mocheni societies and communities in Italy (Comunità Alta Valsugana e Bersntol / Trentino), and collection of voucher specimens and / or photographs of plants, gardens and landscapes in the different areas. A total of 662 records of plant-uses-names were collected for species of vascular plants and fungi which are (or were) used by the Mocheni. Medicinal uses were registered for 41 taxa, and uses as food were recorded for 21 taxa. The medicinal species are: 32 wild, 2 wild and cultivated, and 6 exclusively cultivated. Concerning the parts used: the whole plant is used in 17 taxa, the leaves in 5, the flowers in 1, the roots in 4, and the bulbs in 1. 68 P19 – Ethnobotanical survey on wild food plants in the lower and central Valais Christian Abbet, Matthias Hamburger, Olivier Potterat Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland Alpine regions have a rich ancestral tradition with regard to the use of wild plants as medicines and food. However, as a consequence of the far reaching societal and economic changes over the last decades, this traditional knowledge tends to fall into oblivion. This situation prompted us to undertake an ethnobotanical survey on edible wild plants with records of use by the population of the lower and central Valais (Switzerland). The overall goals of our investigations aim at re-establishing traditional plants as food candidates with unique and pleasant gustatory properties, and potential beneficial effects on health. Informants coming from different valleys of Valais including Entremont, Anniviers and Hérens were interviewed on traditional alimentary uses of wild plants by means of semistructured questionnaires and interviews. Simultaneously, a literature search in ancient treaties, encyclopedias, and unpublished academic works enabled to identify further plants which were eaten in ancient times by the population of the lower and central Valais. In the investigated regions, wild plants have been mostly used in the form of jams, teas, syrups, liquors, soups and salads. Interestingly, wild edible plants which are still consumed in Valais are mostly reputed to have beneficial long term effects on health. Each region has emblematic plants to which numerous curative properties are ascribed. While older people took their knowledge from the inherited tradition, the younger generation often supplements it with specific courses and popular literature on medicinal plants. Our ethnobotanical survey demonstrates that the lower and central Valais region has a rich tradition in the use of wild plants. Several species may have a potential for cultivation and commercialisation. It is therefore essential to keep and valorize this unique patrimony. 69 P20 – Phyteumosides A and B: new saponins with unique triterpenoid aglycons from Phyteuma orbiculare L. Christian Abbet1, Markus Neuburger2, Trixie Wagner3, Melanie Quitschau1, Matthias Hamburger1, Olivier Potterat1 1 Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland 2 Inorganic Chemistry, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland 3 Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland The round-headed rampion (Phyteuma orbiculare L., Campanulaceae) is a perennial herb which grows in subalpine and alpine regions of Central Europe. The leaves and the flowers were eaten in the past by the population of the Valais region (Switzerland) as a salad. In a study of forgotten traditional food plants, we investigated the aerial parts of P. orbiculare. Here, we report the isolation and structure elucidation of two new triterpene glycosides, phyteumosides A (1) and B (2), which possess unique triterpenic aglycons. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods, and were corroborated by X-ray diffraction analyses of the aglycons obtained in crystalline form after enzymatic hydrolysis. The aglycon of 1 can be considered as an incompletely cyclized onoceroid or gammaceroid triterpene with two additional tetrahydropyran rings arising from oxygen bridges. Compound 2, possesses a new 17-polypodene aglycon. Biosynthetically, both aglycons seem to derive from an unrearranged squalene molecule, which underwent incomplete cyclization. Within the Plant Kingdom, gammacerane and onocerane triterpenoids have been mainly found in ferns and club mosses but are very rare in seed bearing plants. 70 P21 – Database biodiversity conservation of medicinal and aromatic plants from South Rajasthan R.B. Dubey, R.A. Kaushik, K.D.Ameta Herbal Park – Rajasthan College of Agriculture – Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & Technology, Udaipur (Raj.) India Plants are the most important source for preventive and curative medicinal preparations. Ancient Indian traditions of medicine like Ayurveda, Unani, Homeopathy, Siddha, Yoga, Naturopathy and even Allopathy derive many of their curative tools from plant. Some places are very rich in biodiversity of medicinal and aromatic plants, like the Aravallion eco-region of Rajasthan (India) which has numerous medicinal and aromatic plant species growing naturally. Among these some are rare, endangered and threatened, while some are on the verge of extinction due to overexploitation, deforestation, unscientific manners of harvesting, collection of seeds and fruits before maturity, erratic rainfall, repeated drought and growing demands of these plants. These plants require urgent attention for database conservation of the valuable biodiversity. An attempt has been made to collect, conserve and list the biodiversity of medicinal and aromatic plants of South-East Rajasthan and categorize it on the basis of local name, botanical name, family, habit, active compounds, method and time of propagation, part used for medicinal purposes. This biodiversity is being conserved in an herbal park being maintained at our institute for future use. 71 P22 – Investigation of essential oil percent and essence component in six ecological regional habitats of Hymenocrater platystegius Rech. Mozhgan Sabet Teimouri, Alireza koocheki, Mehdy Nassiri Mahallati Department of Agronomy, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IRAN Hymenocrater platystegius Rech. is indigenous to Khorasan province in the north east part of Iran. Sampling was conducted from six habitats (Bazangan, Bezd, Bezgh, Golmakan, Kalat and Zoshk) of H. platystegius in the Khorassan-e-Razavi province. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation of air-dried samples for about 3 hour. GC-Mass analysis was performed by gas chromatograph for about 8 hours. For calculation results, the percentage of retention time under temperature conditions was used for n-Alkenes (C6-C24). The colour of essential oil was pale yellow with powerful flavours. The highest essential oil yield was found in Zoshk (2.3%) and the lowest in Golmakan (0.045%). Among 36 components of essential oil composition, verbenol, eucalyptol, bourbonene, phytol and menthol were found in Bazangan (0, 1.01, 0.32, 1.48, 0.03%), Bezd (0.2, 0, 0.18, 1.02, 0.02%), Bezgh (0.6, 0.76, 0.6, 0.73, 0.06%), Golmakan (0, 0.27, 0.07, 1.03, 0.13%), Kalat (0, 0, 0, 0.09, 0%) and Zoshk (0, 1.3, 1.2, 0.32, 0.02%) respectively. Germaceren was observed in Zoshk (0.11%) and Kalat (0.4%) only. 72 P23 – Comparison of chemical composition & antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Nepeta menthoides isolated by hydrodistillation and microwaveassisted hydrodistillation Samadi Mahtab1, Attar Hossien1, Khanavi Mahnaz2, Hajimehdipoor Homa3, Shams Ardekani Mohamadreza2, Mirnezami Tahmineh2 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Azad University-Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran 2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran 3 Department of Traditional Medicine, Shahid beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Nepeta menthoides Boiss. et Bushe is an endemic species grown in North West of Iran where it is named Ostokhoddus in traditional medicinals. In some studies, this speciesis erroneously named Lavandula stocheas L., which is not an indigenous plant of Iran. In the present study, major essential oil compounds of N. menthoides and L. stocheas collected in Gorgor waterfall in Ardebil province were compared with different methods of extraction. The essential oil of the aerial parts of N. menthoides obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MD) were analyzed by GC/MS. The oil was characterized by a high amount of 4a-α, 7α, 7a-α-nepetalacton (17.57% in HD and 23.17% in MD). Other compounds were identified as 4a-α, 7β, 7a-α-nepetalacton, 1, 8-cineol and geranyl acetate. The duration of microwave oven distillation was 12 times less than hydrodistillation, whereas the percentage of essential oil was almost the same (0.4% in MD and 0.3% in HD). Moreover, the amount of 4a-α, 7α, 7a-αnepetalacton in MD was 5.6% more than HD. As in previous studies, the main compounds of L. stocheas essential oil were linalool and linalylacetate. As a result, there were no similarity between major essential oil compounds of N. menthoides and L. stocheas. On the other hand, microwave-assisted hydrodistillation seems to be more appropriate for extraction of oxygenated monoterpenes of this oil, whereas hydrodistillation would be more suitable for separation of monoterpenes hydrocarbons. Antioxidant activity of the essential oils were measured by FRAP method (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power). The antioxidant activity of the essential oil obtained by MD was higher than the one obtained by HD. Therefore, it shows that MD is a better method than HD to extract antioxidant-rich oil from this plant. 73 P‐24 ‐ Comparative study of different populations of oregano (Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum (Link) Ietswaart) found in Sicily T. Tuttolomondo2, S. La Bella1, G. Ruberto3, G. Virga1, E. D’Anna1 1 Dipartimento dei Sistemi Agro‐Ambientale (SAGA) ‐ Università degli Studi di Palermo ‐ Viale delle Scienze, 13 ‐ 90128 Palermo, Italy. 2 Consorzio di Ricerca per lo Sviluppo di Sistemi Innovativi Agroambientali (Co.Ri.S.S.I.A.) ‐ Viale delle Scienze, 13 ‐ 90128 Palermo, Italy. 3 Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare – (ICB) ‐ CNR – Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95126 Catania, Italy. Oregano (Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum (Link) Ietswaart) is one of the most popular aromatic species used in Mediterranean cuisine. The genus Origanum originated in the Mediterranean basin as demonstrated by the widespread wild presence of the species in the area. In addition to its use for culinary and ornamental purposes, it is also known as a medicinal plant due to its antispasmodic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and expectorant properties. New knowledge on its uses and properties has brought about significant interest in the species in recent years. A number of wild oregano populations were found in various areas of Sicily following field work carried out between 2004 and 2005 and representative samples of each population were collected at varying altitudes between 60 and 1000m a.s.l. The data collected were processed to evaluate the quantity and quality of production and essential oil composition. Significant differences were found between the different populations regarding plant height, flower stratum thickness and dry matter production. Behaviour amongst the different biotypes also differed according to low or high altitudes. P25 ‐ Effect of Mg treatment on the production of Indian tobacco (Lobelia inflata L.) Viktor József Vojnich1 ‐ Ákos Máthé1 ‐ Éva Szőke2 ‐ Richárd Gaál 1 1 West Hungarian University, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Environmental Sciences 2 Semmelweis University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacognosy Indian tobacco, a native North American species, seems to be a useful medicinal plant that can be introduced in Hungary. The herb contains some 20 piperidine skeleton alkaloids. Its main alkaloid is the lobeline that is used in cases of gas‐ and narcotic poisoning thanks to its stimulating effect on the respiratory centre. It is also used in anti‐smoking preparations. Recently, significant amounts of polyacetylene compounds have been isolated from the plant (lobetiol, lobetolin and lobetyolin. It is propagated by both vegetative methods (in vitro micropropagation) and generative methods (transplants raised in glasshouse). The in vitro tissue culture experiments have been going on in the Institute of Pharmacognosy of the Semmelweis University, Budapest, since 1983, while the open field production (introduction) experiments were started at the Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science of WHU, Mosonmagyaróvár, in 2004. Our observations indicate that the acclimatization of in vitro micropropagated plants is a much more labour demanding and delicate process than the propagation by glasshouse transplant raising. The open field trials– based on our previous experiments ‐ were aimed mainly at optimizing the method and quantity of fertilizer application on the biomass and alkaloid production of plants. The total alkaloid content was determined by the spectrophotometric method. The nutrients were applied in the following methods and quantities: untreated (control), 50 kg/ha N ‐, 100 kg/ha N ground fertilizers, and 50 kg/ha Mg ground fertilizer. In the ground fertilized treatment, at the phenophase of flowering, the following dry mass values were recorded: control plants 1.89 g/plant, 50 kg/ha Mg‐treatment 2.55 g/plant, 50 kg/ha N‐ treatment 2.38 g/plant, 100 kg/ha N‐treatment 2.36 g/plant. The most favourable biomass production was observed as a result of ground application of magnesium. The analysis of total alkaloid content also underlined the favourable effect of Mg. The alkaloid content was highest in both roots and above‐ground plant parts, as compared to the untreated control and N‐application. The total alkaloid content of root: control 791 mg/100 g, 50 kg/ha Mg‐ treatment: 986 mg/100 g, 50 kg/ha N‐treatment: 923 mg/100 g, 100 kg/ha N‐treatment: 870 mg/100 g. The total alkaloid content of above ground plant parts: control 450 mg/100 g, 50 kg/ha Mg‐treatment 490 mg/100 g, 50 kg/ha N‐treatment 488 mg/100 g, 100 kg/ha N‐ treatment 389 mg/100 g. The results indicate the favourable effect of Mg‐fertilization and are in harmony with our previous in vitro and in vivo experiments. The determination of alkaloid composition and lobeline content by HPLC, LC‐MS/MS is in process. P27 – Conventional and unconventional techniques for in situ conservation and capitalization in agro-systems of Veronica officinalis L. Doina Danila1, Camelia Stefanache1,2, Catalina Drutu3, Elena Trotus3 1 National Istitute of Research-Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest/„Stejarul” Biological Research Centre, 610004, Piatra Neamt, Romania 2 The Faculty of Biology - "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University, 700505, Iasi, Romania 3 Agricultural Research Developement Station, 617415, Secuieni - Neamt, Romania The capitalization of vegetal sources of steroidal glycosides is a topical issue because of the wide spectrum of biological actions, making them valuable for pharmaceutical industries and cosmetics. Veronica officinalis, used in ethnopharmacy, is a potential source for industrially production of steroidal glycosides. A series of cosmetic products based on organic extracts of MAP from alpine and subalpine areas, including V. officinalis, is a way to exploit the bioresources. Specific composition of raw materials includes skin protective factors with high levels of antioxidants and polyphenols, a consequence of temperature fluctuations and high UV radiation. Natural areas in the Romanian Eastern Carpathians, where we located V. officinalis populations, are under intensifying deforestation, a phenomenon that leads to impairment of essential habitat for species survival in the studied area. The aim of our study is the use conventional and unconventional techniques for in situ conservation and capitalization in agro-systems in terms of deforestation by obtaining raw materials of V. officinalis. Herbs suplly is based, in recent practice, on the collection of wild and /or ex situ production in agroecosystems. Biological material used to initiate experimental cultures was taken from natural populations in the Bistrita Valley. Field culture was done by seeds and by division of bushes, the first being economically advantageous, the second being appropriate for the multiplication of selected genotypes. The biggest production of dried herbs (51.0 q/ha) was achieved by dividing the bushes. The optimal parameters are: planting period in April, distance between rows of 50 cm, planting depth of 7.5 cm and plant density of 5 plants/m2. For in vitro plant regeneration through axillary bud multiplication technique, vigorous plantlets were obtained after 4-5 weeks of conditioning followed by a transfer to the field, with a survival rate of 85-90%. 74 P28 – In vivo and in vitro phytochemical studies of Arnica montana L. species from Romanian Eastern Carpathians Camelia Stefanache1,2, Doina Danila1, Radu Necula1, Smaranda Vantu2, Elvira Gille1 1 National Institute of R&D for Biological Sciences, Bucharest/“Stejarul” Biological Research Centre Piatra Neamt, Alexandru cel Bun 6, 610004 Piatra Neamt, Romania 2 Faculty of Biology, “Al. I. Cuza” University, Carol I, no. 20 A, 700505, Iasi, Romania Our research purpose is to carry out comparative in vivo (in situ, ex situ) and in vitro studies on the content of secondary metabolites to highlight the influence of some environmental factors. These represent preliminary studies in complex issues like conservation and capitalization of Arnica montana – an important bioresource with phytotherapeutic and cosmetic value for Romanian Eastern Carpathians. For the in situ and ex situ samples, the material we analyzed consisted in aerial and underground parts, while the analyzed material from in vitro cultures was represented by plantlets, callus and cell suspensions. For in vitro cultures we used Murashige and Skoog (MS, 1962) basal medium on tissue culture supplemented with BAP, and for callus cultures we used Benzil-amino-purine, Kinetin (6-furfuryl aminopurine) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. These media were solidified with different amounts of agar. The cell cultures were maintained in flasks with MS liquid medium (without phytohormones), placed on a shaker. Phytochemical analysis of absolute methanolic extract and dichloromethane extracts, performed with Thin Layer Chromatography and RP-HPLC-UV (Agilent 1200 series system), revealed the presence of terpenoids, phytosterols and polyphenolic compounds which varied quantitatively and qualitatively in the experimental samples. The main compounds from of the flowers, whole plant, roots and rhizomes of A. montana can be used both in human and veterinary phytoterapy. 75 P29 – Antioxidant activities of Bulgarian Golden root – endangered medicinal species K. Tasheva1, A. Trendafilova2, G. Kosturkova1 1 Department of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria 2 Laboratory "Chemistry of Natural Products", Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria Rhodiola rosea L. (golden root, rose root or arctic root) is a yellow-flower herbaceous perennial plant. It is a species of cool temperature distributed in the sub-arctic areas of the northern hemisphere (North America, Greenland, Iceland, Scandinavia) and high mountains of Asia (the Altai, the Tien-Shan, and the Himalayas) and in Europe (Central Europe and the Balkan peninsula) at an altitude of more than 1800 m. The species is endangered and is included in the Red Book of Bulgaria. It is protected by law in other countries (e.g. UK, Finland, Russia, Mongolia), too. Rhodiola is a multipurpose medicinal herb with adaptogenic properties. Its radix and rhizome extracts increase the body’s nonspecific resistance and normalize body functions; provoke antidepressant, anticancer, cardio protective and central nervous system stimulating effects. In this study we were searching for in vitro cultivation conditions stimulating bioactive substances production. That is why calli were chosen which have been cultivated on media varying in phytoregulators' nature and concentrations. Total phenolic/flavonoid content and radical scavenging activity was determined in these calli. Antioxidant properties were influenced by the composition of the cultivation media. In this study a good correlation was obtained between the scavenging activity of DPPH radical with, both, the total phenolic content and the total flavonoid content in studied extracts. In our experiments a relation between the callus colour /structure/texture and the secondary metabolite amounts is not profound. Despite the low accumulation of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the calli of Bulgarian R. rosea the presence of these metabolites indicates the possibility for production of biologically active substances by non differentiated cells. This could be a basis for in vitro metabolic engineering and biotransformation for alternative production of valuable substances by rose root. 76 P30 – Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil from Seseli rhodopeum Milka Todorova1, Antoaneta Trendafilova1, Stoyanka Stoitsova2, Radka Ivanova 2 1 Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria 2 Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria Seseli rhodopeum Vel. is a Bulgarian endemic species with limited distribution in West and Central Rhodopes. It is included in the Red book of Bulgaria as a rare species. Essential oils of some Seseli species have been found to exhibit antimicrobial and antifungal activity. The objective of this study was to investigate chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of S. rhodopeum. The yield of the essential oil was 0.7% w/w. Thirty six components in concentration over 0.1%, representing 99.9% of the oil, were identified. The oil was characterized by a high amount of monoterpene hydrocarbons (84.7%), while sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were only 7.3%. Oxygenated terpenoids were also in relatively low concentrations (7.9%). Sabinene was the principal component and reached 51.3%. α-Pinene (11.8%) and β-phellandrene (10.3%) were also dominant compounds, while germacrene-D, the main sesquiterpene, was found in moderate concentration (4.3%). Terpinen-4-ol (2.9%) was the main oxygenated monoterpene. Hexenylvalerate and hexenyltiglate in addition to cryptone, α- terpineol, δ-elemene and α-copaene, were registered in traces. Sabinene, α-pinene and β-phellandrene were reported as main components of S. buchtormense oil from flower heads. Sabinene in concentration over 50% has been found so far only in the fruit oil of S. globiferum. The antibacterial activity of the oil was tested against a set of five reference strains of Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria on Müller-Hinton agar. Moderate activity was obtained against S. aureus ATCC 27853. 77 P31 – Flavonoid glycosides and free radical scavenging activity of two Bulgarian Alchemilla species Antoaneta Trendafilova1, Milena Nikolova2, Milka Todorova1, Antonina Vitkova2, Anna Gavrilova2 1 Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria 2 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria The commercial drug “Herba Alchemillae” (Lady’s mantle) is an aggregate of closely related species with a wide use in traditional medicine. Seven Alchemilla species were found in the drug collected in Bulgaria. Among them, A. mollis (Buser) Rothm. (Rosaceae) and the Bulgarian endemic A. achtarovii are critically endangered species included in the Bulgarian Red Book. Successful cultivation of these species has been conducted for the last 15 years in Bulgaria. However, the literature survey revealed no data concerning detailed phytochemical study and antioxidant activity of A. mollis and A. achtarovii. Aerial parts of cultivated A. mollis and A. achtarovii were extracted with MeOH and then separated into petroleum ether, CHCl3, EtOAc and H2O layers. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using DPPH assay. It was found that ethyl acetate extracts of both species possessed the highest radical scavenging activity and they were subjected to Sephadex LH-20 CC. Further, flavonoid containing fractions were purified by RP-18 CC to give individual compounds. Three different types of glycosides – kaempferol, quercetin and gossypetin were identified by spectral methods. cis-Tiliroside, trans-tiliroside, hyperoside, isoquercitrin and miquelianin were found in both investigated species. In addition, guaijaverin trifolin and variabiloside G were isolated from A. achtarovii, while rhodiolgin and gossypetin-7-O-rhamnoside-3-O-galactoside were found in A. mollis. It should be noted that gossypetin-7-O-rhamnoside-3-O-galactoside is a new natural compound. 78 P32 – Chorological studies of some medicanal plants from sozological categories of the RomaniaN Fagaras Mountains flora Alexiu Valeriu University of Pitesti, Romania Based on the estimated number of the Romanian Flora (more than 4000 species and subspecies of higher plants), a significant amount of medicinal plants is growing in Arges County. The information from the literature and personal researches in the field have shown the existence of 2009 species and subspecies in the Fagaras Mountains in the Arges County. All these taxonomic categories belong to 584 genera and 144 botanical families. Among these species and subspecies, 411 are included in the following categories of the Red List: rare, vulnerable, endemic to Romania, endemic to Romania but not endangered, species having rare European specific spreading area, species having endangered European specific spreading area (IUCN Red List, Habitats Directive Annex IIb, IVb and Bern Convention -App I). Results of this paper regarding chorology, ecology and medicinal proprieties of the studied species offer useful information concerning the biodiversity, conservation and possibilities for economic and medicinal exploitation. 79 P33 – Quantitative and qualitative performance of two golden root (Rhodiola rosea L.) accessions grown at different altitude in Northern Italy Fabrizio Scartezzini1, Nicola Aiello1, Carla Vender1, Francesca Cangi2, Sara Mercati2, Sergio Fulceri2 1 Agricultural Research Council, Forest Monitoring and Management Research Unit (CRA-MPF), Piazza Nicolini, 6 - 38123 Trento, Italy 2 Laboratorio Controllo Qualità, Gruppo Aboca –Planta medica, Aboca S.p.a. Via della Libertà 37/ter - 06010 Pistrino di Citerna (PG), Italy Rhodiola rosea L. (golden root) roots and rhizomes are rich in phenylpropanoids active compounds (rosavin, rosin, rosarin) and in phenylethanoids (salidroside and tyrosol), all showing with adaptogenic properties, for which they have been used since a long time for medicinal purposes. Golden root grows in many places of the Alpine range on rocks and Alpine or sub-alpine meadows, mainly on siliceous substratum. In the Eastern Alps of the Trentino province, its presence is quite abundant in various environments. In 2004, numerous seedlings were obtained from seeds of two accessions, one collected in the Eastern Alps of the Trentino province, and the other from the Botanical Garden “Paradisia” in Cogne, Val d’Aosta. In May 2005, these plantlets were transplanted (8 plants m -2) in two fields situated in the surroundings of Trento at different altitudes (Bondone 1,570 m a.s.l. and Frisanchi at 1,078 m a.s.l.). In 2010, a sample of 5 plants/accession was harvested three times: the first time at the end of May (beginning of flowering), the second time in June (full bloom) and the third time in October (beginning of dormancy). At each harvest, fresh and dry weights of the single plants were recorded and on three plants also the content of the main active compounds (rosavin, rosin, rosarin, salidroside and tyrosol) was determined by HPLC. Furthermore, at the first two harvests the number of stems/plant, their height and their fresh and dried weight were recorded too. Both accessions gave better productive and qualitative parameters in the field situated at higher altitude (Bondone) where, on average, roots dry yield ranged about 113 g/plant and salidrosides percent 1.1. In the location “Frisanchi” the roots dry yield ranged about 50 g/plant and salidrosides percent: 0.7. The phenylpropanoids content ranged about 1.2% in both locations. 80 P34 – Genetic improvement of essence percent and dry flower yield in German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) populations Golparvar Ahmad Reza Department of Plant Breeding, Islamic Azad University-Isfahan, Iran German chamomile is one of the most important medicinal plants. Assessment of genetic diversity and relationship among the traits are very essential in Chamomile breeding programs. Determination of the best indirect selection criteria for genetic improvement of essence percent and dry flower yield of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) populations was investigated using some morphological, agronomical and phonological characteristics. In this experiment, statistical design of RCBD with three replications was used. Number of flower plant-1, fresh flower yield plant-1, days to budding, days to 50 and 100% of flowering, number of flowering stem, plant height, number of tiller plant-1, dry flower yield plant-1 and essence percent were measured. Analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among chamomile populations for all the studied traits. This assigns genetic diversity for mentioned traits and possibility of genetic improvement of these via selection. Assessment of correlation coefficients revealed positive and significant relationship of the majority of traits with dry flower yield as well as some traits with essence percent. Path analysis indicated applicability of indirect selection through the traits days to 50% flowering, No. flower plant -1, fresh flower yield plant-1 and days to budding for genetic improvement of dry flower yield specifically in early breeding generations. The traits 50% flowering and No. flower plant-1 also were introduced as the best indirect selection criteria for improvement of essence percent based on path analysis results. 81 P36 – Screening of important medicinal herbs for water stress tolerance A. S. Thakur1, P. S. Thakur2 1 Department of Basic Sciences, University Of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan-173 230 (Hp), India 2 Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, University Of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan-173 230 (Hp), India The aim of this study was to screen herb species having immense medicinal values, for water stress tolerance. Intrinsic abilities of five herb species namely, Chlorophytum borivilianum, Stevia rebaudiana, Withania somnifera, Andrographis paniculata and Salvia sclarea for relative drought tolerance have been investigated by conducting pot culture experiments under controlled conditions in the poly house. The findings based on the quantum of data collected for growth, production and physiological behavior revealed differential relative potential to sustain performance and cope with the conditions of water stress. The data obtained for growth, herb yield and physiological parameters for unstressed and stressed medicinal and aromatic herb species indicated differential responses to imposed levels of water stress. Comparative performance of five herb species to stress magnitude including zero, 25, 50 and 75% water deficit for stress duration of 10, 20 and 30 days revealed that herb species like Salvia, Chlorophytum and Withania possess better abilities to sustain growth under conditions of water stress. For example, growth and herb yield reduction even at 75% water deficit up to 30 days of stress was substantially less in Salvia, Chlorophytum and Withania as compared to Andrographis and Stevia. Drought tolerance or susceptibility of herb species was judged based on growth, herb yield and physiological indices. Growth parameters like height, number of leaves, flower no, flower buds, leaf area, root characters, shoot and root fresh and dry weight, etc formed the basis for testing relative drought tolerance. 82 P37 – Alpine plant extracts: from nature to the lab José F. Vouillamoz1, Claude-Alain Carron1, Christophe Boissard2, François Paul2 1 Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW, Département de recherche en production et protection des cultures en régions alpines / cultures sous serre, Centre de Recherche Conthey, Suisse 2 DSM Nutritional Products Ltd - Branch Pentapharm - Usine Alpaflor , Vouvry, Switzerland Alpine plants reputedly produce significant amounts of secondary metabolites, many of them being important pharmaceuticals or nutraceuticals, as often reported in local traditional medicine. Considerable effort has been made to generate such metabolites in plant cell or tissue culture, but horticultural production still remains the main supply for plant extracts. Domestication of rare or endangered species is therefore a key issue, also playing a role in the sustainability with conservation of wild populations in the Alps. This can be achieved either by direct sowing of wild seeds (like Artemisia sp.), going through germination tests, or by vegetative propagation from wild plants (like Peucedanum ostruthium). Subsequently, breeding programmes and improvement of organic cultivation in mountain areas procedures also increase plant extracts production. Secondary metabolites have to be identified using a wide range of methods such as analytical and preparative HPLC‘s with different detectors. In particular, bio-guided fractionations are used to detect the active compounds and their potential cosmetic activities. In addition, a selection program can be performed in order to increase the composition of particular active compounds and to improve agronomic quality of the plant (like Leontopodium alpinum var. ‘Helvetia’). Another major aspect of the extract performance is to obtain the highest concentration of active compounds by defining the optimal plant part and the optimal harvesting time. Several examples illustrate here the successful collaboration between a research centre and a cosmetic industry in Switzerland. 83 P38 – Cultivation trial of Arnica montana L. wild accessions Nicola Aiello, Fabrizio Scartezzini, Carla Vender Agricultural Research Council, Forest Monitoring and Management Research Unit (CRA-MPF), Piazza Nicolini, 6 - 38123 Villazzano, TN, Italy Arnica is a mountain medicinal plant which has been used for centuries to trait skin inflammations and injuries. Morphological characteristics and drug yield of three Arnica Alpine (wild) accessions (B. G. Paradisia-Aosta, Monte Bondone and Malga Juribello-Trento) were compared in an experimental trial carried out for two years in the neighbourhood of Trento. The trial was carried out by transplant (50 x 20 cm), on 4th June 2009 according to a randomized block design with four replications. The morphological parameters were recorded in the 2 nd year of cultivation (2010) on 7 June, while flowerheads were harvested every 4-5 days starting from 3rd to 25th June of the same year, when their florets were completely opened. The yield of dried flowerheads ranged about 13-33 g m-2 and 2-4 g per plant. As regard the morphological traits the data recorded ranged from these values: plant height 35 cm on average; leaf length: 7- 12 cm; leaf width: 4-4.5 cm; n° of stems/plant: 1.6-3.2; n° of flower-heads per plant: 9.5-15; diameter of the main flower-head: 7.1 cm on average; n° of the ligulate florets on the main flowerhead: 15-19; maximum diameter of the basal rosette: 22-25 cm; n° of basal rosettes per plant: 3-6. 84 P39 – Seed germination tests on Arnica montana L. and Rhodiola rosea L. wild populations Nicola Aiello, Renato Bontempo, Carla Vender Agricultural Research Council, Forest Monitoring and Management Research Unit (CRA-MPF), Piazza Nicolini, 6 - 38123 Villazzano, TN, Italy The seeds of seven Arnica montana and four Rhodiola rosea wild accessions, collected in different natural sites of Trentino (Italy), were used to carry out the trials. The germination tests (three replications of 100 seeds each in 9-cm-diameter plastic Petri dishes) were carried out in a thermostatic chamber provided with cool white fluorescent tubes (OSRAM TL40 W/33), at constant temperature (20 ± 0.5°C), in light conditions (8 h under 32 µmol m-2 s-1 photosynthetic photon-flux density), for 30 days. As regards Arnica the seed germination varied from 34% to 91%, the mean germination time from 7.9 to 8.9 days and the thousand seed weight from 0.88 to 1.56 g. In the case of Rhodiola (seeds treated with 100 mg L-1 of GA3 to overcome the dormancy) the germination capacity varied from 85% to 96% and the T.S.W. from 0.11 to 0.16 g, while the M.G.T. was of 9.7 days on average. 85 P40 – The study on the effects of different levels of vermicompost and plant density on quantitative and qualitative characters of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.) M. Azizi, H. Neamati Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran To evaluate the effects of different levels of vermicompost and plant density on evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.), the experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment on the basis of Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 12 treatments and 3 replications during 2008-2009 and 2009-2010. The treatments included 4 levels of vermicompost (0, 2, 3 and 5 kg.m-2) and 3 levels of plant density (9, 12 and 20 pl.m-2). During the flowering period, traits such as plant height, the number of branches, the number of capsules and seeds per capsule on the main stem and branches separately, seed and oil yields were measured. Oil extraction was carried out by Soxhelet apparatus and its percentage was determined as weight. Finally, analysis of fatty acids was done by Gas Chromatography (GC) device. Oil density and refractive index were also evaluated. The results showed that the vermicompost application increased plant height, seed yield, oil percentage, yield and refractive index. Increasing the plant density decreased the number of branches, capsules and seeds per capsules of main stem and branches significantly, but increased seed and oil yields. There was a significant interaction between vermicompost and plant density on the number of branches, the number of seeds per capsules of main stem and branches and percentage, density and oil refractive index. The major saturated fatty acid was palmitic acid and linoleic acid was the major unsaturated fatty acid. The amount of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) was in optimum range (7-8 %) and the highest amount of it was achieved with the treatment of 2 kg.m-2 vermicompost and 9 pl.m-2. Overall, application of 2 kg.m-2 vermicompost and 20 and 9 pl.m-2 were the best treatment by considering the percentage and yield of oil and the percentage and ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids, respectively. 86 P41 – New diseases and pests in medicinal and aromatic plants Vincent V. Michel and Catherine A. Baroffio Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW, Département de recherche en production et protection des cultures en régions alpines / cultures sous serre, Centre de Recherche Conthey, Suisse Growing medicinal and aromatic plants as agricultural crops has many advantages compared to the gathering method. But in such more intensive production systems, pests and diseases appear with great regularity. In many cases, they are not new organisms, but not yet identified as a problem on medicinal or aromatic plants. Therefore, a diagnostic service for such cases is most important for the elaboration of adapted production systems and breeding programs for resistant cultivars. Such a diagnostic service exists at Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil. 87 P42 – Flowers of medicinal and aromatic plants fertilized by bees in Algeria mountainous area Leila Bendifallah, Naima Razallah, Saloua Razkallah Université M’hamed Bougara, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Biologie, 1 avenue de l’indépendance, DZ-35000 Boumerdes, Algeria This study concerned floral resources favored by wild bees and honey bees in the region of Bouira, part of the Ahl El Ksar mountain (880m. elevation) in northern Algeria. Bees contribute to biodiversity and life on Earth. They are essential for the successful sexual reproduction of many plants. Probably, their most important activity, in terms of benefits to humans, is their pollination of natural vegetation. Also, one-third of the world’s crops require pollination to improve the quality of seeds and fruits. Indeed, the great majority of crops are pollinated by many of the estimated 25,000 species of bees. The relationship between bees and flowers is therefore mutualistic. In this context, our study has inventoried nine plant species that belong to six plant families. The Asteraceae family is the most favored; its flowers are visited by 40 species. Next is the Labiateae family with 23 species then the Cistaceae family with 11 species. The Asteraceae and the Cistaceae families were preferred by both Megachilidae and Halictidae, the Brassicaceae were appreciated by Andrenidae. The main plants appreciated by social and solitary wild bees are Anacyclus clavatus (Desf.) Pers., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Cistus albidus L. and Leontodon hispidus L. In terms of species richness and total abundance of flower- visiting wild bees, our analyses show that the wild bee communities are very diverse. This is due to the mild climate and rich flora of the region. The fauna of wild bees we recorded is divided between 4 families and 7 genera. A significant diversity is noted for the Halictidae family. Three species and one subspecies are new records for Algeria: Anthophora fulvitarsis Brullé, 1832, Andrena haemorrhoa Fabricius, 1781, Lasioglossum arabs Pérez, 1907 and Osmia latreillei ssp. iberoafricana Peters, 1975. The maximum number of taxa is observed in April, coinciding with the flowering of most plants. 88 P43 – Study of phenological stages and factors affecting on regeneration of Foxtail lily (Eremurus spectabilis) Majid Dashti, Hamed Zarif Ketabi, Hossein Tavakkoli Khorasan-e-Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center (KANRRC) Foxtail lily (Eremurus spectabilis) is a perennial plant of the Liliaceae family. Its dried roots are sticky when powdered and exposed to water. Its leaves are used as a vegetable in early growth season and sometimes as a mixture with other medicinal plant. This research was conducted to study habitat characteristics, phenology, morphology, root system and factors affecting regeneration. In two sites of North East of Iran (Khorasan-e- Razavi Province) , phenological stages were recorded in 10-15 days intervals during 3 years. In order to determine relations between soil and plant, some physiochemical characteristics of soil such as texture, pH, EC, Na+, K+, lime and gypsum were studied. Geology of provenance was studied using geological maps and field check. Results showed that this species exists in rocky foothills in all geographical orientations and slopes of 12% to 68% with 900 to 3600 m height above sea level. Phenological stages varied in different altitudes and years. Vegetation growth initiated when rosette leaves appeared in mid March, followed by floral initiation in April and then florets blooming during May. Fruitset initiated from late May. In early June seeds are in dough stage, then ripe and shed in early July. Phenological stages delayed of 6-7 days for every 200 meter of increasing in altitude. A plant that flowered in current year may flower again next year or not for several years. Precipitations vary from 200 to 600 mm and annual mean temperature is between 5-15 degrees centigrade. 50 percent of locations are located in cold semi arid climate. This species prefers sandy loam, silty loam and well drained soil with pH=7. Low EC indicates less salt-tolerance of this species. Parent materials are sheil, lime and volcanic stone. This species regenerates by seeds (sexually). Root dividision (asextually) was not successful. Seeds require cold pre-treatment to germinate. After 4 months, 50 percent of the seeds germinated in laboratory condition. Roots were usually harvested traditionally after leave drying, when seed are not completely mature (milky to dough stage). These caused severe reduced regeneration. 89 P44 – Micropropagation of Nepeta nuda L. – Influence of auxins and cytokinins Y. Y. Nedelkova, M. A. Dimitrova, Z. P. Yordanova, V. M. Kapchina-Toteva Department of Plant Physiology, Biology Faculty, Sofia University ‘St. Kl. Ohridski’, Sofia, Bulgaria The genus Nepeta (Lamiaceae) comprises more than 250 species of annuals and perennials most of which grow wild in Central and Southern Europe, Northern Africa, Central and Southern Asia. Nepeta nuda L. was collected in Lozen mountain location near Sofia and successfully in vitro multiplicated on MS medium. Nepeta nuda possesses diuretic, antispasmodic, antiasthmatic, antioxidant and sedative properties. The effect of different concentrations (0,1-1,0mg.L-1) of cytokinin BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) and auxin IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid) on number and length of shoots, callusogenesis, root formation and chlorophyll content of in vitro propagated Nepeta nuda plants was investigated. Significant stimulation of number of shoots was observed on MS medium supplemented with 0,8 mg.L -1 BAP by comparison with control plants grown on MS medium. All concentrations of BAP suppressed root formation and increased callusogenesis in high concentrations. BAP strongly decreased the chlorophyll content in in vitro propagated Nepera nuda plants, whereas IBA stimulated the root formation and increased the length of shoots in high concentrations (0,7 – 1,0 mg.L-1). Slight increase of chlorophyll content was established on MS medium with 0,4 mg.L-1 IBA. So far, this is the first report on in vitro propagated Nepeta nuda through direct plant regeneration technique and it offers an effective alternative method for propagation and preservation of this important medicinal plant. 90 P45 – Comparison of volatile compounds induced by aphids and mechanical damage in Achillea collina Annamaria Giorgi1, Sara Panseri2, Niranjala Nanayakkarawasam Masachchige Chandrika Nanayakkara3, Luca M Chiesa2, Manuela S Mattara1, Maurizio Cocucci3 1 GeSDiMont, Centro di studi applicati per la gestione sostenibile e la difesa della montagna, Via Morino, 8, 25048 Edolo (BS), Italy 2 Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Veterinarie per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Universita’ di Milano , via G.Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy 3 Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale, Universita’ di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy Plants usually release small quantities of volatile compounds, but when they are damaged by herbivorous as well as mechanically stressed, many more volatiles are produced. This biochemical plasticity of plants can be modulated by environmental stimuli and has ecological functions. Odor blends emitted by herbivore-infested plants are complex mixtures that are often composed of more than 100 different compounds, many of them occurring as minor constituents. Plant species usually differ in odor composition but also share several compounds, for example (E)-ocimene and (3Z)-hex-3-enyl acetate that are found in both lima beans and cucumber. Even within a species, the volatiles emitted differ both quantitatively and qualitatively, depending on the plant developmental stage as well as on biotic or abiotic stress conditions. This work describes the application of a Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction method (HS-SPME) to characterize the volatile compounds emitted in vivo by plants of Achillea collina Becker ex Rchb that were infested by aphids (Mizus persicae) using a chamber especially designed for this task. SPME is a simple and sensitive pre-concentration and extraction technique that is applied to a wide range of analyses of metabolites and volatile compounds of medicinal plants. The opportunity to use this method to evaluate variations caused by specific plant-insect interactions (aphids) is discussed here. We have also analysed and compared the volatile compounds induced by mechanical damage simulating the damage provoked by aphids. Many volatiles appeared as new compounds after infestation as well as after mechanical damage. In particular, -Fenchene, Terpinol-cisPinocarvone, Aromadendrene, Iso-caryophyllene, D-Germacrene and Patchoulene. (3Z)-hex3-enyl acetate was the most abundant volatile compound to be isolated in the headspace of plant after mechanical damage. The dynamic plasticity in secondary metabolites is an important issue for future research on medicinal plants. 91 P46 – Effect of soil in the growth of Gentiana lutea L. radical system in northern mountains of León (Spain) O. González, S. Mayo, A. Rodríguez, P.A. Casquero Department of Agrarian Engineering and Sciences, Institute of Natural Resources, University of León,Av. Portugal, 41, 24071 León, Spain Gentiana lutea L. is a high mountain wild plant whose roots have been used for traditional medicinal purposes in northwest mountains of the Iberian Peninsula as a stomach tonic, or to solve the problems of lack of appetite. This medicinal activity is mainly due to the bitter compounds, of which amarogentin is the bitterest compound known. The bitter compounds gentiopicrin and swertiamarin are also important. Amarogentin it’s found mainly in the periderm while both gentiopicrin and swertiamarin are also found in young tissues, such as the cortex. Soil sample and radical systems were collected from twelve populations. Roots have been separated in: rhizome, primary and secondary root (lateral roots). The diameter of the different parts (cortex and xylem) has been measured to know the proportion of the cortex and the effect of soil characteristics in the radical system growth. Results show that in the secondary roots, where the ratio cortex-xylem is higher, there is a significant negative correlation between concentration of P, Mg, Na, Cu, B, and Zn, and root diameter. Similar correlation is observed between Cu and K content and cortex thickness in these secondary roots; and a positive correlation between Mg and Zn content and cortex-xylem ratio. In principal roots there is a significant negative correlation between concentration of K and ratio cortex-xylem. Finally, we show a high correlation between sand content and thickness of cortex. This correlation is positive in primary and secondary roots and inverse in rhizome. In conclusion, sandy soils with high levels of Mg and Zn improve the growth of thicker roots with high ratio cortex-xylem, where is higher bitter compounds concentrations. 92 P47 – Effect of selected bio-fertilizers on yield indices and essential oil of peppermint (Mentha piperita) Meisam Pourhadi, Ebrahim Hadavi, Hasanali Naghdi-Badi Horticulture Dept., Agriculture Faculty, Islamic Azad University-Karaj Branch, Azadi St., Eram Blvd., Mehrshahr, Karaj, Iran, Postal code:31876/44511 This experiment was conducted under field conditions to evaluate the effects of some selected bio-fertilizers on agronomic and quality traits of peppermint. A complete randomized block design with three replications was used. Nine treatments were done as follows: Azospirillum/Azotobacter (Nitroxin 4 and 8 Kg/ha), Azospirillum/Bacillus subtilis/ Pseudomonas fluorescens (Super Nitro Plus 4 and 8 Kg/ha), Thiobacillus (Biosulfur 4 and 8 Kg/ha), Urea fertilizer (75 and 100 Kg/ha), along with a control treatment with no fertilization. The results indicated that application of bio-fertilizers increased the yield indices on par with Urea fertilizer. Leaf size, leaf fresh/dried weight, leaf number, essential oil per dried weight increased significantly in all bio-fertilizer and Urea applied treatments compared to control treatments. GC analysis of essential oil showed that the percentage of menthone and menthol was slightly higher in Urea treatments. Based on these results, the mentioned bio-fertilizers could be considered as affordable substitute for chemical fertilization which could enhance the ecological parameters of soil as well. 93 P48 – Growth and essential oil yield of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as affected by foliar sprays of citric acid and salicylic acid Nima Jafari, Ebrahim Hadavi Horticulture Dept., Agriculture Faculty, Islamic Azad University-Karaj Branch, Azadi St., Eram Blvd., Mehrshahr, Karaj, Iran, Postcode: 31876/4511 We investigated the effect of foliar application of three levels of citric acid (0, 0,1, and 0,3 % w/v) and three levels of salicylic acid (0, 0,2, and 0, 4 % w/v) on height, leaf dimensions, SPAD reading, and yield indices (wet yield, dry yield and essential oil yield) of basil. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design factorial arrangement (3×3), with four replications. Foliar sprays started 24 days after planting and repeated every 10 days for total of three times. Factorial analysis suggested both citric acid and salicylic acid affecting only on essential oil yield. Essential oil yield for 0, 0,1 and 0,3 % w/v of citric acid was 42.9, 52.9 and 58.8 kg/ha respectively. The essential oil for 0, 0,2 and 0,4 % w/v salicylic acid were 54.9, 56.5 and 43.3 kg/ha respectively. Salicylic acid either had no effect or decreased the essential oil yield in 0,4 % w/v level. The mean comparison among factor-levels revealed more effects by both factors; 0,1 % w/v citric acid treatment (citric acid 0,1 % w/v + salicylic acid 0 % w/v) caused the leaf width and length to increase slightly (α=0.028 , 0.070 respectively). A significant increase in fresh yield compared to most other factor-level combinations including control, was noticed in same treatment (α=0.005). The highest dry yield of 10902 kg/ha was reached in same treatment comparing with control with 8481 kg/ha (α=0.032). Essential oil yield was significantly higher than control in most factor-levels that contained citric acid. The highest essential oil yield was observed in citric acid 0,1 % w/v + 0 % w/v salicylic acid with mean of 73.4 kg/ha compared to 39.5 kg/ha in control. The citric acid ease of availability and usage makes it a promising candidate in manipulation of secondary metabolism related pathways in medicinal plants. 94 P49 – Growth and essential oil yield of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) as affected by foliar spray of citric acid and malic acid Nima Jafari, Ebrahim Hadavi Horticulture Dept., Agriculture Faculty, Islamic Azad University-Karaj Branch, Azadi St., Eram Blvd., Mehrshahr, Karaj, Iran, Postcode: 31876/44511 Effect of foliar application of three levels of citric acid (0, 1, and 3 % w/v) and three levels of malic acid (0, 1, and 3 % w/v) on height, chlorophyll content, postharvest performance and yield indices (wet yield, dry yield and essential oil yield) of dill was studied. The experiment was conducted in a randomized design factorial arrangement (3×3), with four replications. Foliar sprays started 24 days after planting and repeated every 10 days for two additional times. Factorial analysis revealed that citric acid caused the incidence of powdery mildew to decrease significantly from 75% in 0 % w/v to 43% and 36 percent in 1 and 3 % w/v citric acid respectively. The quality scoring after 16 days of storage in 4 °C revealed that citric acid had significantly increased the keeping quality score from 2 to 3 and 4 in 1 and 3 % w/v citric acid respectively. Malic acid at 3 % w/v increased the plant height significantly. The mean comparison among factor-levels revealed more among effects of both factors; citric acid 3 % w/v + malic acid 3 % w/v combination created the tallest plants with 97.4 cm which were significantly different than the control factor-level combination (C0M0) with 70.6 cm. The C3M0 factor-level caused the highest wet weight. Dry weight of C3M0 was on the top with 11482 kg/ha followed by 10447 kg/ha in C0M3. C3M0 treated dills showed the highest resistance against powdery mildew. C3M1 and C3M0 both had the highest mean quality score of 4.5 and 4.3 after 16 days of storage. The highest essential oil yield was observed in C3M0 with mean of 54.3 kg/ha comparing C0M0 with mean of 23.8 kg/ha. Based on the results we suggest using these organic acids in manipulation of plant responses and adaptability and resistance to adverse situations. 95 P50 – Effect of Zn fertilization and irrigation on growth parameters and essential oil content of Costmary (Tanacetum balsamita L.) Hassani Abbas1, Derakhshani Zaynab1, Sefidkon Fatemeh2, Rasouli-Sadaghiani MirHassan3 1 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, P.O.Box: 165, Urmia, Iran 2 Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, P.O.Box: 13185116, Iran 3 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, P.O.Box: 165: Urmia, Iran Costmary (Tanacetum balsamita L.) is a herbaceous, rhizomatous and perennial plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of zinc nutrition under different irrigation regimes on growth, essential oil content and composition of costmary. Experimental treatments were three irrigation regimes (2, 4 and 8 days intervals) and three zinc nutrition levels (0, 1 and 2 mg kg-1 as soil application). The results showed that irrigation regimes had significant effects on evaluated parameters. As the soil water content decreased, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of aerial parts, dry weight of roots, chlorophyll content, zinc content of leaves and essential oil yield were decreased and in contrast root to shoot ratio and essential oil content were increased. Growth parameters, chlorophyll content, zinc content of leaves, essential oil content and yield were increased by zinc application. Carvone, α-thujone and β-thujone were the main components identified in the essential oil. Regardless of zinc nutrition, the highest carvone and α-thujone content were observed in 4 and 8 irrigation intervals, respectively. β-thujone did not show significant changes under zinc nutrition and irrigation regimes. 96 P51 – Essential oil content and composition of Germander (Teucrium polium L.) as influenced by harvesting time Hassani Abbas1,2, Beri Sahar1, Kheiri Farshad2, Sharafi Soran3, Heidari Mahnaz4 1 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, P.O.Box: 165, Urmia, Iran 2 Department of Medicinal and Industrial Plants, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, P.O.Box: 165, Urmia, Iran 3 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad Branch, Mahabad 59135, Iran 4 Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of West Azerbaijan, Urmia, Iran The genus Teucrium L. (Lamiaceae) is represented by 12 species in the flora of Iran. Teucrium polium L. is one of the wild-growing species from this genus which has therapeutic properties and is widely used in Iranian folk medicine. In this study the effects of harvesting time on content and chemical composition of the essential oil of T. polium were evaluated. The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the arial parts in three stages of plant growth (pre-flowering, full- flowering and post-flowering) and analysed by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The highest (0.12%) and the lowest (0.06%) of essential oil content were obtained at full-flowering and post-flowering stages, respectively. Samples from different growth stages showed qualitative and quantitative variations in the oil composition. In total, 21, 24 and 12 constituents were identified and quantified in the essential oils of subsequent stages, respectively. The main components in all of the oils were α-pinene and β-pinene. β-pinene percentage was lower in the preflowering stage and increased gradually in subsequent harvests to reach a maximum in the post-flowering stage. α-pinene content at full-flowering stage (24.45%) showed considerable differences with respect to pre-flowering (51.63%) and post-flowering (48.63%) stages. 97 P52 – Impact of exogenous salicylic acid on some growth parameters, essential oil content and composition of Anise hyssop (Agastache foeniculum) plants subjected to drought stress Hassani Abbas1, Gheibi Seyyed Ali1, Sefidkon Fatemeh2, Rasmi Yousef3 1 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, P.O.Box: 165, Urmia, Iran 2 Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, P.O.Box: 13185116, Iran 3 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Science Drought stress is one of the most important environmental factors limiting plant growth and productivity in the world, therefore development of methods to induce stress tolerance or ameliorated effects of stress in plants is vital. Salicylic acid (SA) is a natural phenolic compound that plays an important role in the regulation of plant growth, development, and response to environmental stresses such as drought stress. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of SA treatment (as foliar application in 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mM) under different irrigation regimes (irrigation in 5, 10 and 15 days intervals) on growth, yield, and essential oil characteristics of Anise hyssop (Agastache foeniculum). As the irrigation intervals increased, growth parameters (plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and dry weight of aerial parts) and essential oil yield decreased, while essential oil content increased. The effects of SA treatment were dependent on its concentration. The application of SA in 0.5 and 1mM increased vegetative growth but in 2mM decreased it. The highest essential oil content was observed in 2mM of SA and irrigation intervals of every 15 days and the highest essential oil yield was observed in 1mM of SA and irrigation intervals of every 5 days. Methyl chavicol and 1,8cineole were the major components identified in the essential oil and did not show significant changes under application of SA and irrigation regimes. 98 P53 – Adventitious shoot regeneration and harpagoside content of Scrophularia takesimensis Nakai – A rare endemic medicinal plant Iyyakkannu Sivanesan1, Mi Young Lim2, Byoung Ryong Jeong1,2,3 1 Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea 660-701 2 Department of Horticulture, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea 660-701 3 Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea 660-701 Scrophularia takesimensis is a rare, endemic medicinal herb species of Ulnung Island in Korea. It has been used since ancient times in traditional medicine for the treatment of fever and anti-inflammation. It is becoming endangered due to increasing human activity in the area and consequent habitat deterioration. Hence, there is an urgent need to conserve this rare species. Tissue culture techniques have been established as a useful approach for the conservation of rare and endangered plant species. The objective of this study was to develop an efficient in vitro propagation protocol for S. takesimensis. Leaf, petiole and stem explants were excised from mature field-grown plants and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with or without plant growth regulators (PGRs). Direct adventitious shoot buds were initiated from explants after two weeks of culture on MS medium containing different concentrations of PGRs. The highest number of shoot buds was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg l-1 6-(γ-γdimethylamino)purine (2iP) and 1.0 mg l-1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The shoot buds were transferred to modified MS medium supplemented with 3% (w/v) sucrose, 1.0 mg L-1 IBA, and solidified with 0.8% (w/v) agar for four weeks to induce the growth of shoots and roots. Plantlets were transferred to the greenhouse with a 96% survival rate. High performance liquid chromatography analysis detected the presence of harpagoside in shoot culture and greenhouse-grown plants which were established from in vitro culture. Light intensity and temperature were significantly affected accumulation of harpagoside in shoot culture. The content of harpagoside was high in seeds followed by leaves and roots. Application of this protocol would be helpful in the conservation of this rare, endemic plant species and large scale production of harpagoside. 99 P54 – Direct adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf and petiole explants of Ajuga multiflora Jang Pyung Lee1, Iyyakkannu Sivanesan2, Byoung Ryong Jeong1,2,3* 1 Department of Horticulture, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea 660-701 2 Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea 660-701 3 Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea 660-701 An efficient protocol for in vitro propagation of Ajuga multiflora is described through adventitious shoot regeneration. The explants were excised from greenhouse-grown plants and disinfected in a 70% (v/v) ethanol solution for 60 sec, 1.5% (v/v) sodium hypochlorite for 15 min, and 0.1% (w/v) HgCl2 for 5 min. Each treatment was followed by 3-4 rinses with sterile distilled water. Direct adventitious shoot buds were initiated from leaf and petiole explants after two weeks of culture on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, or 16.0 µM 6-benzyladenine (BA), 6-(γ-γ-dimethylamino) purine (2iP) or thidiazuron (TDZ). Among the plant growth regulators (PGR) tested, TDZ induced maximum number of shoots at 2.0 µM and the corresponding percentage of shoot induction was 98%. Lower concentrations of growth regulators did not initiate any shoot buds, while higher concentrations induced callus and callus mediated regeneration. The shoot buds were transferred to PGR-free MS medium supplemented with 3% (w/v) sucrose and solidified with 0.8% (w/v) agar for four weeks to induce the growth of shoots and roots. The in vitro-grown plantlets were successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse with 100% of survival. 100 P55 – Occurrence of phytopathogenic fungi on medicinal, aromatic and nutraceutical plants in mountainous areas of Croatia Joško Kaliterna, Tihomir Miličevid, Aleksandra Bulajid, Branka Krstid University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant pathology, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia Croatian mountains mostly belong to Dinarids mountain range and are abundant with medicinal, aromatic and nutraceutical plants among which some are protected and endemic species. Occurrence of phytopathogenic fungi on these plants in natural ecosystems of mountainous areas of Croatia is not investigated well enough. Phytopathogenic fungi cause various diseases or mycoses that are responsible for various changes in host plant natural populations. In order to determine occurrence of phytopathogenic fungi and disease incidence on medicinal, aromatic and nutraceutical plants, appearance of disease symptoms during four year period (2007-2010) was monitored. Monitoring was conducted in Velebit and Biokovo mountain areas on species from genera: Aconitum, Adenostyles, Allium, Amalanchier, Arctostaphylos, Arnica, Asarum, Berberis, Crataegus, Cyclamen, Digitalis, Fragaria, Gentiana, Glechoma, Helleborus, Hypericum, Juniperus, Paeonia, Plantago, Polygonatum, Potentilla, Primula, Rhamnus, Ribes, Rosa, Rubus, Salix, Sanicula, Sorbus, Vaccinium, Tussilago and Veratrum. Samples of plant parts showing symptoms, evidently or possibly caused by plant pathogenic fungi, were collected and analyzed in mycological laboratory. Identification of fungal plant pathogenic species was performed on the basis of morphological characters of their spore-bearing structures and spores. A relatively great number of plant pathogenic fungal species was determined on monitored plant species. Plant pathogenic fungal species mostly belonged to families Pucciniaceae (rust fungi) and Erysiphaceae (powdery mildew). On most plants, at least one fungal phytopathogenic species was determined, except on plant species from genera Arctostaphylos, Arnica, Paeonia and Digitalis which showed no disease symptoms. The determined mycoses usually did not appear with high disease incidence and disease severity, except on several plant species. These exceptions were appearance of disease with high intensity on Veratrum alba caused by rust fungus Puccinia veratri, on Vaccinium myrtillus by fungus Septoria albopunctata and on Helleborus sp. by fungus Coniothyrium hellebori. 101 P56 – Sowing date and plant density effects on blackseed (Nigella sativa) yield in Iran Hamid Madani1, Eisa Amoei2, Amir Hosein Shirani Rad 3 1 Department of Agronomy, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University-Arak-Iran Islamic Azad University - Takestan- Iran 3 Oil seed department – seed and plant breeding institute-Karaj-Iran 2 Blackseed (Nigella sativa L.) is an annual flowering plant of the Ranunculaceae family, native to southwest Asia. The oil of blackseed is beneficial due to its content in many compounds such as aromatic oils, trace elements, vitamins and enzymes. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of sowing date and plant density on yield and composition of blackseed oil in Shal farms in Gazvin-Iran. Four plant densities (10, 20, 30 and 40 plants/m2) and five sowing dates (5 and 20 of April, 5 and 20 of May and 5 of June) were applied. Results showed that blackseed yield was influenced by sowing date and plant density interaction. Early sowing date of 1000 seeds resulted in weight not being affected by sowing date and planting density. Earlier sown plants with density of 40 plants/m 2 resulted in higher seed yields (1025 kg/ha). Later sowing date in all densities was effective on essential oil content. 102 P57 – Induction of somatic embryogenesis for plant regeneration in Polianthes tuberosa L. Taha Rosna Mat, Abdullah Sakinah, Faris Mohd. Adnan Ahmad Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia The effects of different hormones such as 2,4 -D (2,4 Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid), kinetin, IAA (Indole acetic acid ), BAP (Benzyl amino purine), etc. were investigated on the regeneration capacity and callus formation in Polianthes tuberosa, a species found in highlands of Malaysia. Polianthes tuberosa is an ornamental plant with many uses, such as medicinal purposes, religious ceremony and cut flowers industry. It has white flowers with strong odor. In Malaysia, this species is still considered to be underexploited. However, in other countries the essential oil of this plant has been processed into valuable expensive perfumes. Based on the potential uses of Polianthes tuberosa, mass propagation of this species through tissue culture is urgently needed. Therefore, in the present study, regeneration was attempted using various hormones and callus formation in order to obtain embryogenic callus from various plant organs. Our results showed that complete plant regeneration could be achieved on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l kinetin and 2.0 mg/l IAA from flower bud explants. Embryogenic callus and subsequent somatic embryogenesis were obtained on MS fortified with 2.5 mg/l 2,4-D. Various stages of somatic embryos development such as globular, heartshaped, torpedo and cotyledonary phase were observed. Plant regeneration was successfully obtained from these somatic embryos. 103 P58 – The effect of drought stress and gibberellic acid (GA) on germination of Thymus daenensis seeds as a medical plant Samira Mohamadaliyan1, Mitra Mirabdulbaghi2 1 Dept. of agronomy, Islamic Azad University of Varamin, Iran Department of Horticulture, Seed and Plant Improvement Research Institute, Karaj, Iran 2 In this research, the effects of different levels of osmotic potential and gibberellic acid (GA) on the germination of Thymus daenensis seeds as an important medical plant were evaluated in green house experiments. This factorial experiment was carried out in a complete randomized design with 4 replications using three concentrations of GA (0, 30, 60 milligram/Liter) and five drought stress (0, 5, 7, 9 and 11Bar) was applied with PEG 6000 (polyethylene glycol 6000). Analysis of variance indicated significant differences among different concentrations of GA (p<0.05), and among different levels of water potential (p<0.01) for germination percentage. By attention to results of this experiment application of 30 mg/Liter GA is advisable for germination of Thymus daenensis seeds under drought stress, even though of -11bar. 104 P59 – Effect of organic matter from different sources on yield of saffron Mohammadzadeh Ahmadreza Soil and Water Research Division of Khorassan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Research Center, Iran-Mashhad Saffron is highly valued all over the world as an agricultural product, medicinal and aromatic plant and natural spice. This plant has a particular position among field crops due to the export revenue in Iran. In order to evaluate the effects of organic fertilizers on flower yield, an experiment was conducted over 6 years (2004-2009) in Gonabad Research Station. The experiment was based on complete randomized block designs with three replications. Three different organic fertilizers, cow manure (65, 50 and 35 t/ha), hen manure 13, 10 and 7 t/ha) and municipal compost (52, 40 and 28th/ha), were compared with negative treatment. The effect of 3 organic fertilizers on saffron flower yield was positive. The highest yield of flowers was obtained by application of 35 t/ha of cow manure. The flower yields in cow manure treatments were in the order 35t/ha>65t/ha>50t/ha. On the contrary, with increasing application of municipal compost and hen manure, an increasing trend was observed in the saffron flower yields. The application of 52 t/ha municipal, 35 t/ha cow manure and 13 t/ha hen manure on saffron flower yield was almost the same. In conclusion, municipal compost and hen manure, at higher rates could be used as sources of organic fertilizer in saffron cultivation. 105 P60 – Photosynthetic carbon dioxide uptake during in vitro culture of Arnica montana L. Monica Motounu, Gheorghe Cristian Popescu, Valeriu Alexiu University of Pitesti, Romania Arnica montana L. is a vulnerable species that is included in Red List of higher plants in Romania. It is a long-lived perennial species, whose distribution is restricted to Europe. The plant’s inflorescence has valuable anti-inflammatory and cicatrizing properties due to the presence of sesquiterpene lactones of the helenalin type. These lactones also have a cardiotonic and cardiotoxic action. For these reasons, Arnica montana has been excessively collected and has now become rare in Romania. In order to restore populations of Arnica montana in southern Carpathian, studies were undertaken to establish a biotechnology in vitro plant breeding program, which yielded a significant number of plants. The purpose of this paper was to study the process of photosynthesis in Arnica montana in vitro culture. Photosynthetic rate were correlated with the content of assimilating pigments. The average intensity of photosynthesis in the multiplication phase was 0.472 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1. Poor photosynthetic activity of plantlets cultivated in vitro is considered one of the major limiting factors for the improvement of micropropagation efficiency in Arnica montana. 106 P61 – The restoration of Arnica montana phytopopulations from Arges County flora using in vitro micropropagation Magdalena Maria Duţă, Monica Angela Neblea, Alexandru Teodorescu University of Piteşti, Faculty of Science, Biology-Horticulture Department, Romania Arnica montana L. is a herbaceous, perennial, hemicryptophytic medicinal plant that is common through all the Carpathian mountain chain, in wet meadows and pastures, rarely through the glades and bushes, found in subalpine region, rarely in alpine area. This species is a vulnerable taxa in the Romanian Flora, being mentioned both in Red List of the superior plants from Romania and in Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC-Annex 5A. This paper describes the in vitro propagation technology of Arnica montana L. as part of the project no. 32160/2008 regarding the chorological study of sozological categories for Arges county flora, in order to restore endangered plant populations through conventional and biotechnological methods of propagation. The established biotechnology suggests the use of the following nutritive media: for initiation – base medium MS, with ½n, 0,005:2 mg/l auxins/citokinine, 20 mg/l NaFeEDTA, 20 g/l sucrose, 7g/l agar; for multiplication – base medium LF, with n concentration, 0,02:0,4 mg/l auxins/citokinine 0,02:0,4 mg/l, 32 mg/l NaFeEDTA, supplemented with 40 g/l dextrose and 7g/l agar; for rooting – the usage of ½n macro and micronutrients MS, n vitamins LS, 0,1mg/l AG3, 0,2mg/l IBA, 38 mg/l NaFeEDTA 38 mg/l, 30 g/l dextrose, 7g/l agar and 0,3 g/l activated carbon. The explants obtained in laboratory will be acclimatized in greenhouse, then in pilot-fields of the natural habitats, where their monitoring will be done. Some explants will be used for the initiation of some culture for medicinal purposes as well as ornamental ones, avoiding in this way the abusive gathering of the plant from nature and consequently the conservation of the biodiversity. 107 P62 – Germination of Peucedanum ostruthium (Apiaceae) J. Novak1, C. Wawrosch2, C. Schmiderer1, C. M. Franz1*, B. Kopp2 1 Institute for Applied Botany and Pharmacognosy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria 2 Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria The background of dormancy and optimal germination parameters were studied on four populations of masterwort (Peucedanum ostruthium (L.) Koch, Apiaceae). The species is an alpine plant whose roots are used for flavouring and medicinal purposes. P. ostruthium is characterised by a (non-deep)-morphophysiological dormancy with an underdeveloped embryo. The optimal germination temperature is 26°C and light is required for germination. The application of exogenous gibberellic acid (GA3) lowered germination at optimal conditions but increased germination under non-optimal conditions, with the exception of one genotype where germination failed completely when GA3 was applied. This genotype was characterised by a lower mericarp and embryo size. Afterripening and the high temperature needed for germination does not allow germination of the mericarps when they are ripe in fall. A further advantage could be that germination can start at alpine conditions only in the next year late spring/early summer when late frosts cannot damage young plantlets anymore. 108 P63 – Some ecophysiological and edaphic parameters of Angelica archangelica L. (Apiaceae), a threatened high altitude aromatic herb from Romanian Carpathian Mountains Gheorghe Cristian Popescu, Monica Motounu, Valeriu Alexiu University of Pitesti, Romania Angelica archangelica (Apiaceae) grows in damp places in northern and eastern Europe and is commonly used in folk medicine as a remedy for nervousness, insomnia, stomach and intestinal disturbances, and arthritis. The plant is generally cultivated for its roots, which are richer in oils than the other organs and whose oil is esteemed for its use in flavouring and in making perfumes. In Europe, the essential oil from Angelica archangelica is employed in liquors, dental preparations and in high-grade perfumery to impart a musky note, which can not be distinguished easily from that of true musk. Angelica archangelica is a threatened aromatic herb for which ex situ cultivation is recommended as a conservational tool. The aim of this work was to characterize the ecophysiological and edaphic parameters. We measured the leaf gas exchange, assimilatory pigments content, soil pH, hydrolytic acidity (HA), cation exchange bases sum (BC), total cation exchange capacity (CEC), cation saturation level (BS). Physiological determinations were correlated with light intensity, air temperature and humidity. The results of pH soil are part from slightly soil acid reaction category. Hydrolytic acidity value was 4.6 meq / 100 g. Results will be used to achieve a nutrient mixture on the propagation of rare medicinal species. At a light intensity of 3000 lux, 64% humidity and a temperature of 20o C, the photosynthetic rate was 1.479 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1, and the respiration rate was 0.425 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1. The present paper deals with improvement of knowledge for preparation of nutritive substrates used in the technologies for Angelica archangelica. 109 P64 – Effect of abiotic factors on accumulation of secondary metabolites in St. John’s Worth raw material J. Radusiene, Z. Stanius, B. Karpaviciene Nature Research Centre, Institute of Boatny, LT-08406 Vilnius Physiological changes in plants in response to different environmental factors may stimulate secondary metabolites production. The current study was aimed at estimating the effect of modified environmental conditions like temperature and light intensity on accumulation of naphthodianthrones, phloroglucinol derivatives and phenolic compounds in St. John’s worth. Plants were grown in greenhouse under different temperature and light intensity conditions which were measured daily; plants were harvested weekly and assayed for the chemical analysis. The high performance liquid chromatography method employing Shimadzu Prominence LC20A equipment was used for analyzing plant material. Separation carried out using YMC-Pro C18 (150x4 mm, 3 µm) column. The results of chemical analysis revealed that increasing growing temperature and light intensity resulted on a linear increase of hyperforin, hypericins and some of phenolics content in analyzed plant materials. Multiple regression analyses were performed to describe the quantitative effects of abiotic factors on accumulation of phytochemical compounds. Results of statistical analyses revealed that changes in temperature and light intensity parameters affected significantly the contents of hyperforin, hypericin and pseudohypericin as well as phenolic compounds concentrations in raw material that may be attributed to possible plant physiological changes. By using the data from chemical analyses and temperature/light measurements, we developed simple equations for predicting the contents of secondary metabolites which may be a useful tool for the standardization of plant material quality. The data suggested that temperature and light intensity are important environmental modeling factors in biotechnological process of raw material production of St. John’s worth. 110 P65 – Effects of phytohormones on growth phase and histology studies of in vitro established callus of Podophyllum hexandrum Royle procured from Himalayan region of Indian subtropics Raman Dang1, Kuntal Das2, Rizwan Ahmad1, P.E.Rajasekharan3 1 Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Hosur Main Road, Bangalore- 27, India St. John’s Pharmacy College, #6, R.P.C. Layout, Vijayanagar, Bangalore-40, India 3 IIHR, Dept of Plant Biotechnology, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore80, India 2 Podophyllum hexandrum (Family: Berberidiaceae) is an endangered mountain plant (slope of Himalayas, India) which has important commercial value especially in treatment of cancer. The callus culture from shoots (from aseptically germinated seeds) and roots (from cultivated plant) of Podophyllum hexandrum were initiated and maintained on Murashiage and Skoog (MS) basal medium with various concentrations of Phytohormones. The study showed that combined use of Naphthalene Acetic acid (NAA) and 6-Benzyl amino purine (BAP) exhibits better results (NAA at 0.5μM to 1.5μM and BAP at 1.5 μM to 2.5 μM ) for shoot callus initiation and maintenance over that of root callus. Growth phase study was measured with fresh weight method for shoot callus and revealed its growth rate correlation with sigmoid curve. TLC chromatogram was developed to identify the presence of podophyllotoxin (active constituent) in shoot callus. Further cytoarchitecture of shoot calli was examined by histochemical analysis using microtomy. Total protein content, metabolic activities of cells, DNA & RNA content were investigated to understand the high growth potency of the shoot callus. Results showed high amount of proteins and insoluble polysaccharides present in shoot calli, whereas metabolic activity and RNA content were moderate in the same in case of high proliferation rate of shoot calli. 111 Modeling the effects of light and GA treatments on seed germination of Papaver bracteatum L. A. Saei1, Hadipour M.2, Khayyam Nekoui M.3, Dehbashi M.1 1 Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute of Central Iran (ABRICI), Isfahan, Iran 2 Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran. 3 Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Karaj, Iran Papaver Bracteatum L. is a perennial poppy species that contains high pharmaceutical alkaloid thebaine. The species is native to Iran and the Caucasian regions and considered as a potential new crop in many countries for the production of thebaine but was found to be difficult to establish in the field. Seeds from 9 populations of Papaver Bracteatum in different regions of Iran were collected. Seeds from each collection site were given different gibberellic acid (GA) treatments (0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg.L-1) under two light regimes (16/8 h light /dark, 24h dark) and were germinated at constant temperature of 17 °C in a germination incubator. A statistic regression model was applied to evaluate the effect of the above-mentioned treatments on the maximum cumulative germination percentage, the increase rate and the germination lag times. Overall, dark environment resulted in higher germination percentage for all GA concentrations. For seeds treated with no GA, germination percentage was higher than those of treated with GA, and as the GA concentration increasedm, the germination percentage decreased. GA treatments did not affect any other aspect of germination curve. Comparing populations, seeds collected in the north of Iran had significantly higher germination percentage compared to those from the northwest and west. 112 P67 – Dormancy breaking treatments on eight ecotypes of Bunium persicum Amir-Hossein Saeidnejad1, Mohammad Khajeh-Hosseini1, Mohammad-Ali Askarzadeh2 1 Department of Crop Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran 2 Agricultural Science and Natural Resources Research Centre, Mashhad, Iran Bunium persicum, which grows in nature in Iran, is one of the most important medicinal plants used in food and drug technology and medicine. Seed dormancy is one of the main barriers in its cultivation development and domestication. In order to evaluate germination properties of different ecotypes of the plant, and the effect of different treatments on dormancy breaking, an experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran in 2010. Seeds of eight ecotypes were collected from their natural habitat in different regions of Iran. First, the germination test was carried out to find out germination ability of the ecotypes. Then, tetrazolium test was done in order to investigate the viability of the seeds. Dormancy breaking treatments were Gibberellic acid (2500 ppm), potassium nitrate (2 g/lit) and stratification at 4 °C for 3, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. There were no germination symptoms on any of the ecotypes after the germination test in H2O. Tetrazolium test results represented high amount of seed viability on all ecotypes (a range of 60-80% viability depends on the ecotype). However, dead seeds were also observed between the ecotypes. Gibberellic acid and potassium nitrate treatments did not have any effect on germination of the ecotypes. Wet stratification had a great effect on germination percentages of the ecotypes. Germination percentages improved with increasing stratification period. The highest germination percentages were obtained in 12 weeks stratification treatment (58% average of the ecotypes). There were also significant differences between the ecotypes according to germination percentages. In general, it can be concluded that Bunium persicum seeds have deep physiological dormancy, and stratification period is needed to break the dormancy. A longer stratification period of over 12 weeks is proposed. 113 P68 – Effect of light and temperature on growth and active substances of caraway (Carum carvi L.) S. Sharafzadeh Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad Branch, Iran Caraway (Carum carvi L.) is a member of the Apiaceae family that is widely used as a condiment, as a drug and for industrial purposes. Growth and accumulation of active substances are controlled by genetics and environmental factors such as light and temperature. Concentration of active substances is influenced by environmental factors directly through metabolic processes and indirectly through dry matter production. Fruit production, essential oil formation and the proportion of carvone in the oil depend on light intensity. Light quality is detected by phytochrome and blue light absorbing photoreceptors and can affect the growth and active substances. Short days produce taller caraway plants, higher yields and larger fruits. Photoperiod affects the essential oil production and number of oil localization places. Low temperatures (16/20°C) are suitable for biennial caraway at flowering and seed setting stages. The carvone/limonene ratio is found to be higher in higher versus lower elevations in the Alps. The optimum temperature for the species controls the level of oil production. Most metabolites are synthesized under conditions that are most favourable for overall plant growth. 114 P69 – Seed germination behaviour of the endangered medicinal plant Podophyllum hexandrum Royle. Xavier Simonnet1, Mélanie Quennoz1, Sarah Sigg-Bouillant1, Christoph Carlen2 1 Médiplant, Centre de recherche Conthey, 1964 Conthey, Switzerland Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW, Département de recherche en production et protection des cultures en régions alpines / cultures sous serre, Centre de Recherche Conthey, Suisse 2 The overexploitation of Podophyllum hexandrum, an Himalayan medicinal species belonging to Berberidaceae, is endangering its survival in natural sites. Etoposide, a derivative podophyllotoxin , is currently in clinical use in the treatment of many cancers. The cultivation of this species may answer to the growing needs for plant material. But the difficulties of germination have not favoured its domestication so far. There were about 20 publications on the subject so far, without a final answer. The existence of a morphophysiological type of dormancy for the Berberidaceae was mentioned by several authors. Germination tests started in 2008 in order to understand better the existing dormancy type. Seeds were collected from a culture in Switzerland in August 2008, washed and dried, then conserved at room temperature. A preliminary test with tetrazolium was conducted to check the seeds' viability. From the harvest on and during 200 days, germinations were made 13 times at regular intervals. Seeds treated with gibberellic acid GA3 (450 ppm, 24h) were compared to untreated seeds. All the drillings (4 repetitions of 50 seeds) were done in Petri dishes in a germinator (12 hours with light at 25°C / 12 hours in the dark with 18°C). Excised embryos were also put in culture on the Gamborg B5 medium, with 3% saccharose supplement and adjusted to a pH of 5.8, with or without GA3 (2.5 mol/l). This test was conducted 5 times with 2 weeks interval from the harvest on, with 5 repetitions of 10 embryos per treatment. The embryos culture happened in a germinator with the same photo- and thermoperiodism as this used for the seeds. Without GA3 treatment, the germination rate always exceeded 90 % (average 96 %) with an average germination duration of 150 days, without significant difference according to the seeds' age. The addition of GA3 allowed to increase significantly the germination speed, particularly for the older seeds, shortening it from 80 days at harvest time to 40 days for the seeds older than 7 months. The use of GA3 however sank the germination rate to 56 % in average without significant difference according to the seeds' age. However the fresh seeds treated with GA3 at harvest were an exception with 90 % germination. More than 90 % of the excised embryos presented a normal growth between 5 and 8 days after having been put in culture. No behaviour difference was observed between the embryos issued from fresh seeds at harvest and those issued from dried seeds up to 12 weeks after harvest. The addition of gibberellic acid to the culture medium had no effect on the growth rate or speed. In conclusion, the embryos were perfectly able to germinate as from harvest. The best result was finally obtained by treating fresh seeds at harvest with GA3, allowing 90 % germination after 80 days. Complementary tests including among others temperature effects will be necessary. 115 P70 – Micropropagation of Rhododendron brachycarpum D. Don Iyyakkannu Sivanesan1, Byoung Ryong Jeong1,2,3 1 Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea 660-701 2 Department of Horticulture, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea 660-701 3 Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea 660-701 Rhododendron brachycarpum is an evergreen hardy shrub species in Korea. It has been traditionally used as a medicinal plant and designated as a rare plant species. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop efficient techniques that allow large scale multiplication and preservation of this rare plant species. To date there have been no reports on the micropropagation of this species. The objective of this study was to develop an efficient in vitro propagation protocol for R. brachycarpum. Actively growing shoots were excised from greenhouse-grown plants and disinfected in a 70% (v/v) ethanol solution for 60 sec, 5% (v/v) sodium hypochlorite for 15 min, and 0.1% (w/v) HgCl2 for 10 min. Each treatment was followed by 3-4 rinses with sterile distilled water. Single nodal explants were cultured on Anderson’s basal salt (AM) medium containing 3% (w/v) sucrose, 0.8% (w/v) agar, and different concentrations and combinations of PGRs. A combination of cytokinins and auxins produced more shoots from nodal explants than on the medium containing cytokinins alone. The highest percentage of shoot induction was achieved with a mean of 16 shoots per explant when nodal explants were cultured on AM medium supplemented with 2.0 mg·L-1 6-(γ-γ-dimethylamino) purine (2iP), 0.5 mg·L-1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1.0 mg·L-1 gibberellic acid (GA3). The microshoots were separated from the multiple shoots and subcultured onto the AM medium supplemented with 1.0 mg·L-1 GA3 for further shoot growth. For rooting, elongated microshoots (1.0 - 2.0 cm) were transferred to half-strength basal medium containing different concentrations of auxins. Maximum rooting was obtained on half-strength AM medium supplemented with 0.5 mg·L-1 indole-3butric acid (IBA). The in vitro-grown plantlets were successfully acclimatized in a greenhouse. This protocol could be utilized for in vitro clonal propagation of this plant species. 116 P71 – Cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants under agroforestry intervention P. S. Thakur1, A. S. Thakur2 1 Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, University Of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan-173 230 (Hp), India 2 Department of Basic Sciences, University Of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan-173 230 (Hp), India This article is about the possibility and scope of successful cultivation of medicinal and aromatic herbs as intercrops with multipurpose tree species under agroforestry conditions. Diversification of the existing conventional cropping sequences coupled with developing of suitable technology packages is the need of the hour to cope up with ever increasing demand for diversified products. The hypothesis is, if intercropping of annuals, biennials and perennial medicinal plants in association with fuel, fodder, timber, pulp, fruit trees including tree species with medicinal values on the farmland, an alternate land use system; can provide economically viable option for sustainable systems. Our findings reveal that planting timber, fuel and fodder or fruit tree species in combination with medicinal and aromatic crops paves the way for diversified products and better economic returns to the farmers. Multipurpose tree species outside the forest have played very important role in catering to the day to day requirements of the rural population. Intercropping medicinal and aromatic herb species makes agroforestry more remunerative. Rough estimate is that 95% of medicinal and aromatic plants are collected and harvested from their natural habitats, which has not only reduced the availability of medicinal plants but severely affected their regeneration and even posed threat to the existence of some of the valuable species. The ever increasing demand by the pharmaceutical firms at national and international scenario has further led to over exploitation of these precious herbs. The commercial cultivation of medicinal herbs, which are in great demand or high conservation priority species (endangered species) on the farmland in association with woody perennials, seems to be a promising strategy with great conservation impacts. 117 P72 – Influence of 6-benzylaminopurine and indole-3butyric acid on in vitro propagation and secondary metabolites accumulation in Lamium album L. from Lozen Mountain Milena Dimitrova, Zhenya Yordanova, Veneta Kapchina-Toteva Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria Lamium album L. (Lamiaceae) possesses a wide spectrum of therapeutic activities (anti-inflammatory, astringent, anti-septic, antibiotic) which is related to the variety of biologically active substances which could be found in that plant: flavonoids, iridoids, phenolic acids, polysaccharides, triterpenes, saponins, phytoecdysteroids, amines, essential oils, tannins and mucilage.The effect of different concentrations (0.1 – 1.0 mg.L-1) of the cytokinin BA (6-benzylaminopurine) and the auxin IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) on the in vitro propagation and the amount of secondary metabolites accumulation and their antioxidant capacity in Lamium album L. was examined. Slight stimulation of shoot number and internodal segments was observed on MS medium supplemented with 0.8 mg.L-1 BA compared to control plants propagated on MS medium. All concentrations of BA suppressed root formation and stimulated callusogenesis. Significant increase in the number of roots on the MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of IBA was established, especially at 0.7 mg.L-1 IBA. Shoots cultivated on MS medium supplemented with BA from 0.6 up to 0.8 mg.L-1 and IBA in concentration 0.9 mg.L-1 showed enhanced content of total phenols and flavonoids. The highest values of antioxidant activity were achieved on MS medium with 0.8 mg.L-1 BA and 0.9 mg.L-1 IBA. Compared to shoots, significant stimulation of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in forming callus and roots occurred on MS medium supplemented with 0.2; 0.5; 0.8 mg.L-1 BA and 0.2; 0.5; 0.7 mg.L-1 IBA.The amount of flavonoids in underground part was twofold lower than that established in shoots. As far as we know, this is the first report which indicates stimulation activity of BA and IBA on the production and accumulation of secondary metabolites with high antioxidant capacity, especially in roots and callus, in in vitro propagated Lamium album L. 118 P73 – Achillea collina ‘Spak’: optimal harvesting period Claude-Alain Carron1, Catherine A. Baroffio1, Flore Lebleu2, José F. Vouillamoz1 1 Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW, Département de recherche en production et protection des cultures en régions alpines / cultures sous serre, Centre de Recherche Conthey, Suisse 2 Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture, ISA, Lille, France Achillea collina Becker (ex Rchb.) is is a tetraploid species of the Achillea millefolium aggregate used as an aromatic and medicinal plant in the European Alps where it is cultivated for its chamazulene-containing (30-67%) essential oil. In Switzerland, ‘Spak’ is a homogenous and productive cultivar that was developed by Agroscope to match the local climatic conditions. For now, Swiss producers do harvest the upper 60 cm of the plant with inflorescences at ‘full-bloom’ stage (BBCH 65, with >50% of plants blooming), but given the mechanisation techniques, the stem ratio in dry matter tends to become too high. In 2003, we have shown that the longer the stems are at harvest, the lower are the essential oil and chamazulene contents. In 2009 and 2010, we have studied the influence of phenological stages on yield and quality with the scope of increasing the leaves ratio and evaluating the possibility of a second harvest. The maximum of dry weight was achieved at ‘full-bloom’, but the stem ratio reached up to 65%. A second harvest was not possible with plants cut after the early-bloom stage (BBCH 61-63. In addition, essential oil content [%] and chamazulene yields [ml/kg] resulted to be higher at early-bloom stage. As a consequence, we strongly recommend harvesting at early-bloom stage which represents the best compromise between dry matter yield and quality, along with the possibility of a second harvest. 119 P74 - Basilprotect – A cocktail of parasitoids against aphids in aromatic plants and herbs V. Rosemeyer, T. Thielemans Viridaxis S.A., Gilly, Belgium Viridaxis is a Belgian company which developed a new way of mass-rearing aphid parasitoids. Due to its innovative and unique technology, Viridaxis has been able to develop and produce one new parasitoid species every year. A parasitoid is a wasp able to parasitize aphids in a host-specific way. In order to apply the matching parasitoid against a given aphid species, the latter one has to be (a) detected in the crop and (b) subsequently identified. By the time the aphids are spotted by the grower and then identified by himself or a specialized technician, it is usually too late for gaining control over an increasing aphid population. Viridaxis developed a new concept of aphid control, based not on the species identified but on the crop treated. For each crop, the aphids present are well known. What was needed was a product controlling the largest possible variety of aphid species susceptibly present in the crop. Starting with strawberries, Viridaxis studied the aphids attacking the cultures in various regions and over many years, and developed a unique cocktail of parasitoids species (FresaProtect) parasitizing and controlling all aphids. In herbal cultures, only few chemical pesticides are available, and so far, biological solutions have been fighting only a limited spectrum of aphid species. BasilProtect contains six different species of natural aphid enemies, and is able to control all commonly appearing aphids. Its application in ready-to-use units is much faster than even any chemical treatment. Different field trials resulted in a compilation of aphid species identified and host specific parasitism observed. The potential of BasilProtect for aphid control and finally crop success for the grower will be discussed. 120 P75 – Differential modulation of tumor promotion in skin cancer by sesquiterpene lactones isolated from indigenous Middle Eastern mountainous plants M. Saikali1, A. Ghantous1, N. Saliba2, N. Darwiche1 1 Department of Biology, Nature Conservation Center for Sustainable futures (IBSAR), American University of Beirut, Beirut, 1107-2020 Lebanon 2 Departments of Chemistry, Nature Conservation Center for Sustainable futures (IBSAR), American University of Beirut, Beirut, 1107-2020 Lebanon Most cancers are of epithelial origin of which skin cancer is the most frequent. Numerous naturally occurring compounds have been identified as skin chemopreventive agents, and many of the best-selling anticancer drugs are plantderived. While screening for anti-cancer activities of Middle Eastern plant extracts used in folk medicine, we identified the Lebanese indigenous mountainous plants, Centaurea ainetensis and Achillea falcata, to possess potent and selective activities against skin cancer cells. Bioassay- guided fractionation of these plants’ crude extracts led to the isolation of the plant secondary metabolites, the sesquiterpene lactones, Salogravolide A (Sal A) from Centaurea ainetensis and 3- -methoxy-iso-seco- tanapartholide ( -tan) from Achillea falcata. Our aims were to investigate the effects of Sal A and -tan on 1) the growth of skin tumor cells, 2) promoter-induced cell proliferation and transformation, 3) the inhibition of AP-1 and NF- B activities and 4) the regulation of key target genes. Using well established in vitro models of human and mouse epidermal carcinogenesis, we have shown that these purified sesquiterpene lactones preferentially inhibited the proliferation of papilloma and malignant skin cells without affecting the growth of normal keratinocytes. Furthermore, both Sal A and -tan, at concentrations not toxic to primary keratinocytes, show promising antipromoting activities by inhibiting promoter-induced cell proliferation and transformation. Elevated levels of the transcription factors, AP-1 and NF- B are a hallmark of keratinocyte malignant transformation and are upregulated in skin cancer. Both compounds have shown to differentially modulate promoterinduced AP-1and NF- B transcriptional activities. However, both compounds similarly modulated key downstream target genes of AP-1and NF- B. These results highlight the potential chemopreventive properties of Sal A and -tan in skin cancer. Given the potential of sesquiterpene lactones in the cancer clinic; identification, cultivation, and conservation of these medicinal plants will promote their sustainable use and are key to maintaining the biodiversity of Middle Eastern plants. Oral presentation is preferred. 121 P76 – Ecocert certified Alpine Rose Active protects skin proteins Frank Gafner, Daniel Schmid, Fred Zülli Mibelle biochemistry Mibelle Biochemistry investigated the symbolic Alpine Rose (Rhododendron ferrugineum), a plant adapted to extreme conditions with a specific morphological and phytochemical set up. The leaves form as example specific proteins called dehydrins to survive the freezing and dehydrating conditions of the alpine environment. The Alpine Rose showed interesting in vivo activities to reduce the formation of carbonylated proteins, a marker of skin aging. The extract inhibits the adhesion of the herpes virus to cells in vitro which combines well with the in vivo activity. UVB leads to carbonylated proteins, skin aging and is also suppressing the immune-system, a condition which favours the outbreak of viral infections. The extract counteracts both problems synergistically. Mibelle Biochemistry decided to develop an Ecocert certified cosmetic active and to start the agronomic development and cultivation of Rhododendron ferrugineum in the Swiss Alps with Mediplant. The supply of the raw material is not dependant on wild harvesting but respects the sustainability of this precious slow-growing alpine plant. 122 P77 – Molecular mechanisms of anti-cancer and antiinflammatory effects of gallotannin Racha Al-Halabi1, Mirella Bou Chedid1, Raghida Abou Merhi2, Hiba El-Hajj3, Hind Zahr1, Ali Bazarbachi3, Hala Gali-Muhtasib1 1 Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Biology, R. Hariri Campus, Lebanese University, Lebanon 3 Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon 2 Gallotannin (GT), the polyphenolic hydrolysable tannin, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities through mechanisms that are not fully understood. Several effects modulated by GT have been shown to be linked to interference with inflammatory mediators. Considering the central role of nuclear factor kappa B (NFкB) in inflammation and cancer, we investigated the effect of GT on NF-кB signaling in HT-29 and HCT-116 human colon cancer cells. DNA binding assays revealed significant suppression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α)-induced NF-кB activation which correlated with the inhibition of IĸBα phosphorylation and degradation. Sequentially, p65 nuclear translocation and DNA binding were inhibited. GT downregulated the expression of NF-кB regulated inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, TNFα, IL1α, and IL-6) and caused cell cycle arrest and accumulation of cells in Pre G 1 phase. In vivo, GT (25mg/kg body weight) injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) prior to or after tumor inoculation significantly decreased the volume of human colon cancer xenografts in NOD/SCID mice. Immunohistochemical analysis of xenografts treated with GT showed significantly lower expression levels of the proliferation (Ki-67), angiogenesis (VEGFA) and metastasis (MMP-2) proteins, which may explain GTs in vivo anti-tumorigenic effects. Overall, our results indicate that the antiinflammatory and antitumor activities of GT may be mediated in part through the suppression of NF-кB activation. 123 P78 – Study of cosmeceutical activities of Korean Raisin Tree (Hovenia dulcis var. koreana Nakai) extracts Sea-Hyun Kim1, Jingyu Han1, Moon-Su Kang1, Moon-Sup Kim1 and Jin-Tae Lee2 1 Department of Forest Resources Development Korea Forest Research Institute, Suwon 441-847, Korea 2 Department of Cosmeceutical Science, Daegu Haany University, Gyungsan, Korea Korean raisin tree (Hovenia dulcis var. koreana Nakai) has been reported to effect liver function improvement as functional materials for food and medicine. On these facts, biological activity and safety test were conducted to evaluate biological activities of the fruit petiole and root extracts of Korean raisin tree as a potential medicinal materials. Cosmeceutica activities of different extracts were examined by l.l-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical generation, the ABTS+∙ cation decolorization, tyrosinase activity, collagenase activity and elastase activity compared with the properties of the commercial antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and L-ascorbic acid (AA). The antioxidant activities fruit petiole water extract (HDFW), fruit petiole ethanol extract (HDFE), root water extract (HDRW) and root ethanol extract (HDRE) were 83.6%, 39.6%, 85.9% and 74.5% in DPPH assay, 99.5%, 13.7%, 96.4% and 88.6% in ABTS assay. Tyrosinase inhibitiory activities HDFW were 56.0% at 1,000ppm. Measured the inhibition effect of the Korean raisin tree about collagenase and elastase where break the peptide bonds in collagen and enzyme from the class of proteases where exists in the dermis. The Korean raisin tree was inhibition the two kind enzymesm, collagenase activities being on a high scale inhibition, was same concentration. Uses the anti-oxidation effect and anti-wrinkle effect of this resultant the Korean raisin tree and with the functional cosmetics use is thought with the fact that will be possible. 124 P79 – Application of bioreactor system for commercial production of Eleutherococcus somatic embryos for secondary metabolites and antioxidant properties A.M. Shohael1, K.Y Paek2 1 Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar-1342, Dhaka, Bangladesh 2 Research center for the Development of advanced Horticultural Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, South Korea Eleutherococcus species contain eleutherosides including eleutheroside A, B, C, D, E, F, G etc. and complex polysaccharides as active ingredients from roots and leaves. Somatic embryogenesis is a key plant production technique for large-scale production of essential metabolites for different medicinal purposes. Extracts from Eleutherococcus leaf, stem, and roots are used for analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, and diuretic action. Eleutherococcus was mainly distributed in northeastern Asia but is now listed as a threatened species due to excessive harvest from its natural habitats. Plant tissue culture technique has been successfully applied as a prospective alternative for a more efficient mass propagation method. Large-scale somatic embryo culture is an attractive alternative over the traditional method of plantation or plant cell culture. Automation of in vitro culture system is now reducing the labor requirements, which is linked to scale up of cultures. Somatic embryogenesis offers a potential system for large-scale plant propagation in automated bioreactor from 2Liter to 500Liter scale. HPLC analysis revealed that the total phenolic, flavonoid, and eleutherosides contents were significantly higher in germinated somatic embryos as compared to other stages of somatic embryo. Water, methanol and ethanol extracts of field-grown leaves, stems and somatic embryos of Eleutherococcus were examined for their antioxidant properties. All solvent extracts of somatic embryos of Eleutherococcus exhibited scavenging activities toward DPPH, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radicals, and ferrous ion radicals, similar to field grown leaves and stems. The results suggested that somatic embryos could be used as a valuable source for medicinal purpose for its high content of antioxidants and secondary metabolites, and commercially able to produce in in vitro system through large scale bioreactor. 125 List of Authors (in alphabetical order) 126 Abrahamyan Aiello Aiello Azizi Azizi Barari Baroffio Bendifallah Bendifallah Carlen Carron Cristobal D'Anna D'Anna Darwiche Dashti Dimitrova Dudai P38 P39 O32 P40 P01 P41 P02 P42 O21 P73 O23 P03 P24 P75 P43 P44 O14 Nativ Milena Majid Nadine Eleonora Eleonora Roser Claude-Alain Christoph Leila Leila Catherine Elham Majid Majid Nicola Nicola Armine Submitted Author O5 Nr Sustainable production of Arnica montana (L.) in the Catalan Pyrenees (NE Spain): wild harvesting or cultivation? Effects on the quality and nutritional traits of wood strawberry fruits in Sicily Comparative study of different populations of oregano (Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum (Link) Ietswaart) found in Sicily Differential modulation of tumor promotion in skin cancer by sesquiterpene lactones isolated from indigenous middle eastern mountainous plants Study of phenological stages and factors affecting on regeneration of Foxtail lilly (Eremurus spectabilis) Micropropagation of Nepeta nuda L. – Influence of auxins and cytokinins Domestication and breeding of wild medicinal and aromatic plants - 30 years of experience in Israel Achillea collina ‘Spak’: optimal harvesting period Phytochemical study of Cistus albidus (Cistaceae) in northern mountainous region (Algeria) Flowers of Medicinal and aromatic plants fertilized by bees in Algeria mountainous area Optimising the cultivation and harvesting of medicinal and aromatic plants from mountainous areas to achieve stable yield and high quality New diseases and pests in medicinal and aromatic plants Phytochemical study of Lagochilus cabulicus Benth. Seed germination tests on Arnica montana L. and Rhodiola rosea L. wild populations The microbiological quality of commercial medicinal herbs, extracts, and tea bags in Iran The study on the effects of different levels of vermicompost and plant density on quantitative and qualitative characters of evening primrose ( Oenothera biennis L.) Cultivation trial of Arnica montana L. wild accessions Climate change impact on conservation status of wild Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) populations in Armenia Title Israel Bulgaria Iran Liban Italy Italy Spain Switzerland Switzerland Algeria Algeria Switzerland Iran Iran Iran Italy Italy Armenia Country Nativdud@gmail.com madimitrova@yahoo.com majiddashti@yahoo.com nd03@aub.edu.lb danna@unipa.it danna@unipa.it roser.cristobal@ctfc.es claude-alain.carron@acw.admin.ch christoph.carlen@acw.admin.ch bendif_l@yahoo.fr bendif_l@yahoo.fr catherine.baroffio@acw.admin.ch e.barari_87@yahoo.com azizi@um.ac.ir azizi@um.ac.ir nicola.aiello@entecra.it nicola.aiello@entecra.it arm_abrahamyan@yahoo.com E-mail Etcheverry Etcheverry Evstatieva Evstatieva Franz Gafner Gali-Muhtasib Gali-Muhtasib Ghasemi Pirbalouti Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti Abdollah Giorgi Golparvar Gonzalez Lopez György Hadavi Hadavi Hadavi O2 P05 P06 P07 O17 P76 P08 P77 P09 P10 P11 P45 P34 P46 O19 P47 P48 P49 Ebrahim Ebrahim Ebrahim Zsuzsanna Oscar Ahmad Reza Annamaria Hala Hala Frank Chlodwig Ljuba Ljuba Angela Virginia Angela Virginia Samad Ebrahimi P04 Karel Dusek O16 Sesquiterpene lactones from Lebanese plants: identification and characterization of antitumor mechanisms Molecular mechanisms of mnti-cancer and mnti-inflammatory mffects of gallotannin Composition of the essential oil of Stachys lavandulifolia vahl from Central Zagross Mountains Essential oil from the fruits of Pistachia khinjuk stocks grown in Bakhtiari Zagross Mountains, Iran Ethnobotany and antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants from high altitude of Bakhtiari Zagross mountains, Iran Comparison of volatile compounds induced by aphids and mechanical damage in Achillea collina Genetic improvement of essence percent and dry flower yield in German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) populations Effect of soil in the growth of "Gentiana lutea L. radical system in north mountains of León (Spain) Genetic diversity of Finnish Rhodiola rosea population based on ISSR analysis Effect of selected Bio-fertilizers on Yield indices and essential oil of peppermint (Mentha piperita) Growth and essential oil yield of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as affected by foliar sprays of citric acid and salicylic acid Growth and essential oil yield of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) as affected by foliar spray of citric acid and malic acid Ecocert Alpine rose active protects skin proteins Sesquiterpene lactones contents in multiple in vitro shoots of three Arnica montana populations Attempts to domesticate Primula veris L. : genetic resources and selection Iran Iran Iran Hungary Portugal Iran Italia Iran Iran Iran Liban Liban Switzerland Austria Bulgaria Bulgaria Argentine Diversity and distribution of medicinal fabaceae in Salta Province, Argentina Conservation and sustainable use of threatened medicinal plant Argentina Switzerland Czech Republic Biodiversity of medicinal plants from Northwestern Argentina HPLC based metabolite profiling of Satureja khuzestanica Regeneration and multiplication of MAPs genetic resources by using technical isolation and controlled pollination hadavi@kiau.ac.ir hadavi@kiau.ac.ir hadavi@kiau.ac.ir zsuzsanna.gyorgy@uni-corvinus.hu oscar030282@gmail.com dragolparvar@gmail.com sara.panseri@unimi.it ghasemi@iaushk.ac.ir ghasemi@iaushk.ac.ir ghasemi@iaushk.ac.ir amro@aub.edu.lb amro@aub.edu.lb frank.gafner@mibelle.ch Chlodwig.Franz@vetmeduni.ac.at luba44@abv.bg luba44@abv.bg avetcheverry@yahoo.com.ar avetcheverry@yahoo.com.ar samad.ebrahimi@unibas.ch dusek@genobanka.cz Han Haron Hassani Hassani Hassani Jeong Jeong Kaliterna Kaviani Livani Kazemi Kazemi Kim Koane Madani Manukyan Mat Taha Máthé Mirabdualbaghi Mohammadzadeh Motounu P12 P13 P50 P51 P52 P53 P54 P55 P14 O13 P15 P78 P16 P56 O30 P57 P25 P58 P59 P60 Monica Ahmadreza Mitra Akos Rosna Artur Hamid Jean-Noël Sea-Hyun Mohsen Mohsen Behzad Josko Byong Ryong Byong Ryong Abbas Abbas Abbas Norma Wati Jingyu Photosynthetic carbon dioxide uptake during in vitro culture of Effect of organic matter from different sources on yield of saffron Assessment of genetic diversity in IranianWild Mentha aquatica populations using RAPD marker Evaluation of genetic diversity of Iranian wild alcea rosea population using RAPD Study of cosmeceutical activities of Korean raisin tree (Hovenia dulcis var. koreana Nakai) extracts Phytochemical and pharmacological studies of some medicinal plants in Central African antidiabetic properties. Sowing date and plant density effects on blackseed (Nigella sativa) Yield in Iran Bioactive Compounds and Their Health-promoting Capacity of Some Caucasian Endemic and Rare Medicinal Plants Induction of somatic embryogenesis for plant regeneration in Polianthes tuberosa Effect of Mg treatment on the production of Indian tobacco (Lobelia inflata L. The effect of drought stress and gibberellic acid(GA) on germination of Thymus daenensis seeds as a medical plant Plant genetic resources conservation by cryopreservation Polyphenol contents and anti-oxidant effects castor aralia(Kalopanax septemlobus koidz.) leaf extracts in Korea Medicinal and environmental indicator species of Utricularia from montane forest of Peninsular Malaysia Effect of Zn fertilization and irrigation on growth parameters and essential oil content of Costmary (Tanacetum balsamita L.) Essential oil content and composition of Germander (Teucrium polium L.) as influenced by harvesting time Impact of exogenous salicylic acid on some growth parameters, essential oil content and composition of Anise hyssop (Agastache foeniculum) plants subjected to drought stress Adventitious shoot regeneration and harpagoside content of Scrophularia takesimensis Nakai – A rare endemic medicinal plant Direct adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf and petiole explants of Ajuga multiflora Occurrence of phytopathogenic fungi on medicinal, aromatic and nutraceutical plants in mountainous areas of Croatia Romania Iran Iran Hungary Malaysia Germany monica_26_10@yahoo.com ahmadreza_mohammadzadeh@yaho o.com mitra_mirabdulbaghi@yahoo.com akos.mathe@upcmail.hu rosna@um.edu.my manukyan@wzw.tum.de hmadania@yahoo.com jnkoane@yahoo.fr République Centreafricaine Iran goldtree@forest.go.kr mansour490@gmail.com mansour490@gmail.com b.kaviani@yahoo.com tmilicevic@agr.hr brjeong@gnu.ac.kr brjeong@gnu.ac.kr horthasani@yahoo.com horthasani@yahoo.com horthasani@yahoo.com noorma@um.edu.my stationair@forest.go.kr Korea Iran Iran Iran Croatia Korea Korea Iran Iran Iran Malaysia Korea Obon P18 François Zsuzsanna Gheorghe Cristian O28 Paul O11 Pluhár P63 Olivier Potterat Potterat Przybl Radusiene P19 P20 O6 P64 Jolita Jaroslaw Olivier Olivier O12 Potterat Popescu Federica O10 Pollastro Concepcion Concepcion Obon O3 Marjan Johannes Nikan P17 Silvana Novak Nicola O8 Monica Angela P62 Neblea P61 Monica Angela Massimo Neblea O4 Zahra O35 Nobile Mourmohammadi O20 Iran Italy Romania Romania Iran From Alpine Plant to Natural Bioactives : a long way riddled with pitfalls Environmental conditions and essential oil diversity of native Thymus pulegioides L. populations in highlands of Hungary and in the Carpathians Some ecophysiological and edaphic parameters of Angelica archangelica Linn. (Apiaceae), a threatened high altitude aromatic herb from Romanian Charpathian Mountains Chemical composition of Phyteuma orbiculare, a forgotten food plant of Valais Ethnobotanical survey on wild food plants in the lower and central Valais Phyteumosides A and B : New saponins with unique triterpenoid aglycons from Phyteuma orbiculare L. Intraspecific variability of roseroot (Rhodiola rosea L.) naturally occurring in Mongolian Altai Effect of abiotic factors on accumulation of secondary metabolites in St. John’s Worth raw material Behind a liqueur the phytochemical profile of genepy Wild Plants used by the Cimbrian ethnic minority in the Alps as food and medicine Wild plants used by the mocheni ethnic minority in the Alps as food and medicine Germination of Peucedanum ostruthium (Apiaceae) Lituanie Poland Switzerland Switzerland Switzerland Romania Hungary Switzerland Italy Spain Spain Austria PhytoArk, a value-chain project to enhance the valorization of the Switzerland alpine plants in Valais Phytochemical Investigation of Echinophora cinerea Study of genetic diversity among Iranian pomegranate cultivars by using morphological and molecular markers Medicinal plan diversity in the flora of the west part of Bucegi mountains (Romania) The restoration of arnica montana phytopopulations from arges county flora using in vitro micropropagation Morphological traits and aromatic profiles of genepì (Artemisia umbelliformis Lamb.) ecotypes present in Western Alps. Results of the Piedmont Region project GENEPIEM Arnica montana L. jolita.r@botanika.lt jaroslaw_przybyl@sggw.pl olivier.potterat@unibas.ch olivier.potterat@unibas.ch olivier.potterat@unibas.ch christian_popescu2000@yahoo.com zsuzsanna.pluhar@uni-corvinus.hu francois.paul@pentapharm.com federicapollastro@libero.it cobon@umh.es cobon@umh.es chlodwig.franz@vetmeduni.ac.at karine.bourgeois@cimark.ch marjan.nikan@gmail.com silvana.nicola@unito.it monica_neb@yahoo.com monica_neb@yahoo.com marjannm@yahoo.com Sárosi Schwaiger Sharafzadeh Shohael O9 O1 P68 P79 Abdullah Shahram Stefan Szilvia Mahtab Marina Camelia Paula O26 Stanilova Stefanache Stefanache P27 P28 Camelia Paula Ivan O18 Slacanin Iyyakkannu Sivanesan Samadi P23 Amir Hossein P70 Saeidnejad P67 Ali Xavier Saei P66 Mozhgan Simonnet Sabet Teimouri P22 Viola P69 Rosemeyer P74 Dang Xavier Raman P65 Avtar O25 Simonnet Ram P21 Conventional and unconventional techniques for in situ conservation and capitalization in agrosystems of Veronica officinalis In vivo and in vitro phytochemical studies of Arnica montana L. species from Romanian Eastern Carpathians Romania Romania Bulgaria Switzerland Development of extraction and rapid analytical methods for the selection of medicinal plants In vitro cultivation of Alchemilla mollis (Rosaceae) in Bulgaria Korea Switzerland Switzerland Iran Iran Austria Hungary Iran Iran Iran Iran Switzerland India Rajasthan Micropropagation of Rhododendron brachycarpum D. Don Database biodiversity conservation of medicinal herbs in SouthEast Rajasthan Effects of Phytohormones on growth phase and histology studies of in vitro established callus of Podophyllum hexandrum Royle procured from Himalayan region of Indian subtropics Basilprotect – A cocktail of parasitoids against aphids in aromatic plants and herbs Investigation of essential oil percent and essence component in six Ecological regional of Hymenocrater platystegius Rech. Modeling the effects of light and GA treatments on seed germination of Papaver bracteatum L. Dormancy breaking treatments on eight ecotypes of Bunium persicum Comparison of chemical composition & antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Nepeta menthoides isolated by Hydrodistillation and Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation Essential oil polymorphism of Thymus pulegioides L. collected in Monti Pisani, Italy Therapeutic potential of alpine plants : Leontopodium alpinum Cass., Sambucus ebulus L. and Horminum pyrenaicum L. Effect of light and temperature on growth and active substances of caraway (Carum carvi L.) Application of bioreactor system for commercial production of Eleutherococcus somatic embryos for secondary metabolites and antioxidant properties Incidence under real conditions of altitude on the development and properties of Leontopodium alpinum Cass. Seed germination behaviour of the endangered medicinal plant Podophyllum hexandrum Royle camelia.stefanache@yahoo.com camelia.stefanache@yahoo.com maris@bio.bas.bg islacanin@ilis.ch isivanesan@yahoo.com xavier.simonnet@acw.admin.ch xavier.simonnet@acw.admin.ch sohaelam@yahoo.com shahramsharafzadeh@hotmail.com amir_agriculture@yahoo.com szilvia.sarosi@uni-corvinus.hu moonlight_smd@yahoo.com amir_agriculture@yahoo.com saeibox@gmail.com mozh_st@yahoo.com vrosemeyer@viridaxis.com dangraman2000@yahoo.co.in kaushik_ra@yahoo.co.in Krasimira Tasheva Thakur P29 P36 Alexiu Carla Carla Todorova Valeriu P31 P32 O22 Vender P33 Hermine José José O24 Vogel O15 Vouillamoz Vouillamoz Wolfender P37 O7 Zhenya P72 Yordanova Evelyn O31 Wolfram Jean-Luc Amandio O29 Vieira Vender Milka Todorova P30 Milka Mette Goul O33 Thomsen Anju Krasimira O27 Tasheva P.S. Thierry Takhur O34 Talou P71 Bulgaria Bulgaria France India Advances in technologies for the rapid preliminary investigation plant bioactive constituents at the microgram scale Bioautographic Screening of Plant Extracts for Medicinal, Nutritional or Cosmetic Use by HPTLC : Antioxidant Activity and Enzyme Inhibition Influence of 6-benzylaminopurine and indole-3-butyric acid on in vitro propagation and secondary metabolites accumulation in Lamium album L. from Lozen mountain Alpine plant extracts: from nature to the lab Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil from Seseli rhodopeum Flavonoid glycosides and free radical scavenging activity of two Bulgarian Alchemilla species Chorological studies of some medicanal plants from sozological categories of Romania Fagaras Mountains flora Experimental activity carried out on Golden root (Rhodiola rosea L.) in the province of Trento Quantitative and qualitative performance of two golden root (Rhodiola rosea L.) accessions grown at different altitude in Northern Italy Targets of medicinal plant extracts and isolated phytochemicals in human cells Sustainable harvest practices of Haplopappus taeda, a medicinal plant from the Andean mountains Rhodiola rosea L. 'Mattmark', the first synthetic variety is launched in Switzerland Post harvest treatment of Rhodiola rosea Bulgaria Switzerland Switzerland Switzerland Switzerland Chile Canada Italy Italy Romania Bulgaria Bulgaria Norway Screening of important medicinal herbs for water stress tolerance India Cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants under agroforestry intervention Agrofefinery concept applied to medieval aromatic plants from mountainous area : case of great calamint (Calamintha grandiflora) Establishment of callus cultures of Rhodiola rosea Bulgarian ecotype Antioxidant activities of Bulgarian Golden root – endangered medicinal species jiordanova@gmail.com wola@zhaw.ch jean-luc.wolfender@unige.ch jose.vouillamoz@acw.admin.ch jose.vouillamoz@acw.admin.ch hvogel@utalca.cl avvieira@sfu.ca carla.vender@entecra.it carla.vender@entecra.it alexiuv@yahoo.com todorova@orgchm.bas.bg todorova@orgchm.bas.bg mette.thomsen@bioforsk.no thakuranju2009@gmail.com krasitasheva@yahoo.com krasitasheva@yahoo.com talou@cict.fr psthakur2008@gmail.com