4-3 The Moderate Phase

Moderate
Phase
1790-1792
Review
Major Events?
Key Figures?
Outline
I.
Religion
II. Louis & Marie in Paris
III. Political Parties
IV. War
Key Terms
• Civil Constitution of
the Clergy
• Tuileries
• Feign (to feign)
• Flight to Varennes
• Girondins
• Jacobins
• Radical
• Sans-Culottes
• Declaration of War with
Austria
• Declaration of Pillnitz
• Brunswick Manifesto
• Foreign War
• War of the First Coalition
• Counter-Revolution
FR & Religion
• Civil Constitution of the Clergy (July, 1790)
o
o
o
o
Abolished the Tithe
Confiscated all church lands
Bishops elected by the French people. Pope could not choose.
Forced clergy to vow loyalty to France, not the Pope.
• “Before the ceremony of consecration begins, the bishop elect shall
take a solemn oath, in the presence of the municipal officers, of the
people, and of the clergy, to guard with care the faithful of his diocese
who are confided to him, to be loyal to the nation, the law, and the
king, and to support with all his power the constitution decreed by
the National Assembly and accepted by the king”
Why go after the
Church?
1. Seen as part of the Ancien Regime
o Represented old-fashioned beliefs
2. Ideological
o Against the Enlightenment
o Symbol of Inequality (3 Estate System)
3. Owned 25% of land
o Confiscation helped fix the national debt
King & Queen In Paris
• Live in the Tuileries
Palace
• Feigned cooperation
with the Revolution
o Basically powerless
• People were generally
pleased with the
situation
Flight to Varennes
June 20, 1791
• Royal Family attempted to
escape, at night, and reach
Austria
o Plan was to launch a counterrevolution from Austria
• Caught and arrested by the
townspeople of Varennes.
• Effect?
o Public opinion turned against
Louis, branded him a traitor
o Tuileries now essentially a
prison
Political Parties
Form
• Girondins
o Party in the Legislative Assembly
o Passionately opposed the monarchy
o Considered moderate. Against unnecessary violence
Political Parties
(cont’d)
• Jacobins
o Party in the legislative Assembly
o Radical
• Person(s) who advocate for drastic
and complete social change
• extremists
o Led by?
• Robespierre
Political Parties
(cont’d 2)
• Sans-Culottes
o
o
o
o
Lower class Parisians
Radicals
Like a “mob”
Strongly influenced by the
words of…?
• Marat
o Where did they get their name?
WAR!!!
1. Foreign Wars
2. Counter-revolutions
• During all of this political turmoil, France also faced two
wars; one civil, and the other foreign.
Declaration of
Pillnitz
• Declaration of Pillnitz (Aug, 1791)
o HRE Leopold II & Austrian King Fredrick William III
o Feared Revolution spreading throughout Europe,
threatened their power
o Issued the D of P asking all other European Monarchs
to intervene if L16’s monarchy was threatened.
War With austria &…
• France declares war on Austria
o April, 1792
o Why?
• Preemptive Attack
• Austria supported the King & Queen
• Girondins wanted to spread the Revolution
• Brunswick Manifesto
o Aug, 1792
o Austria & Prussia threaten Parisians, told them not to harm
the king OR ELSE… they would be killed and Paris destroyed.
o Direct threat to the people. Reaction?
o In response, Sans-Culottes attacked the Tuileries.
o Beginning of the end for Louis XVI
• In Sept, 1792  Monarchy Abolished
• A few months later…
Foreign War
• Within a year, almost all of Europe joined in the war
against the French Revolutionaries
• War of the First Coalition (1792 – 1797)
o All of Europe at war with the F.R.
o
o
o
o
o
o
Austria
Prussia
England
Spain
The Netherlands
And everyone else…
Counter-Revolution
• Paris was the heart of the
Revolution
• Outside of Paris, many smaller
cities and towns opposed the
Parisians
o Sided with the moderate
Girondins, against the Jacobins
and San-Culottes
o Open rebellion in Lyon, Vendee,
and Toulon
• Troops were called from the
front lines of the war with
Austria to fight their own
people.
Think & Share
• In what ways is the Revolution on the brink of
failure?