History of Abnormal Psychology

History of Abnormal Psychology
Learning Objectives
 Historical
conceptions of defining,
understanding, and treating
psychopathology
 Fluid nature of psychopathology
 Specific details regarding
conceptualizations
 Philosophical underpinnings of current
diagnostic streams
Hippocrates
 1.
Black Bile ---- Depression
 2. Yellow Bile ---- Tension/Anxiety
 3. Phlegm ---- Dull, Sluggishness
 4. Blood ---- Mania/Mood Swings
Paracelcus
Man is a microcosm, or a
little world, because he is
an extract from all the
stars and planets of the
whole firmament, from
the earth and the
elements; and so he is
their quintessence.
Paracelsus
Paracelcus
 One
category of loss of senses:
– lunatics who through their own devices
had fallen under the influence of the moon
(lunacy), those who were insane from
birth, due to careless and passionate sexual
intercourse by the parents; witchcraft; and
melancholy. Paracelsus also made it quite
clear that spirits did not cause mental
illness (Green, 2009).
Paracelcus

Therapies that he recommended included
bleeding (which he considered to be the main
thrust of treatment for mania), essences of
gold, silver, iron, mercury, lead, pearls, coral,
antimony, sapphire and sulphur (all
alchemical remedies), opium, mandrake,
astrological shielding to prevent lunacy, and
the use of charms to treat those afflicted by
witchcraft
Dr. Cameron
 Discussed
 McUltra
in text
Pathways to Conceptualizations
Kraeplin




Biological, disease
processes, causes like
viruses
DSM 1-5 and beyond
Current focus on
symptom as entity
Lots of concern with
reliability
Freud



Psychological, underlying
dynamics of person,
personality, and
environment
Psychoanalytic concepts
Psychodynamic
Diagnostic Manual
Alberta
Insane Asylum, Ponoka
1911
British Columbia
Public Hospital for the Insane, New Westminster
1878
British Columbia Mental Hospital, Coquitlam
1913
Selkirk Asylum, Selkirk
1886
Home for Incurables, Portage-la-Prairie
1890
Brandon Asylum, Brandon
1891
Provincial Hospital, Saint John
1835
Provincial Lunatic Asylum
1848
Nova Scotia Hospital for Insane, Halifax
1857
Manitoba
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Ontario
Prince Edward Island
Provincial Lunatic Asylum, Toronto
1850
Kingston Asylum (Rockwood), Kingston
1856
London Asylum, London
1859
Orillia Asylum for Idiots, Orillia
1861
Hamilton Asylum, Hamilton
1876
Mimico Branch Asylum, Mimico
1890
Hospital for Insane, Brockville
1894
Cobourg Asylum
1902
Penetanguishene Asylum, Penetanguishene
1904
Whitby Hospital, Whitby
1914
The Prince Edward Island Hospital for the Insane
1877
Quebec
Quebec Lunatic Asylum, Beauport
1845
Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. John’s
1861
L’Hospice St. Jean de Dieu, Longue Point
1856
L’Hospice St. Julien, St. Ferdinand d’Halifax
1873
L’Hospice Ste. Anne, Baie-St. Paul
1890
Protestant Hospital for the Insane, Verdun
1890
St. Benedict Joseph Asylum, near city of Montreal
1885
Saskatchewan
The Saskatchewan Provincial Hospital, Battleford
1914
Newfoundland
Asylum for the Insane, St. John’s
1855
Northwest
Territory
Taken to asylums of Alberta and Saskatchewan
1914
Yukon
Taken to New Westminster by Royal Northwest Mounted
Police
1877
Biomedical Therapies
 ECT
(started with Meduna)
 Psychosurgery (started with Munoz;
now called NMD: Neurosurgery for
Mental Disorder)
– Pre-frontal lobotomy
– Transorbital leucotomy
– Cingulotomy
Neurosurgery for Mental
Disorders (NMD)
 Refractory
for other treatment
 Informed consent
 Not common
 Only a few centres do NMD
 Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation
 Gamma Knife
 Symptom
as Focus (Kraeplin)
 Underlying Cause as Focus (Freud)