Implementation of EEWS to Istanbul natural gas network

Can ZULFIKAR, Ali PINAR, Erdal SAFAK and Mustafa ERDIK
B.U. Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute (KOERI), Earthquake Engineering Department
Çengelköy, İstanbul, Turkey (email: can.zulfikar@boun.edu.tr)
(http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/depremmuh.htm)
1.Introduction
Istanbul Earthquake Early Warning and Rapid Response System (IEEWRRS) has been deployed in
2002 by Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute (KOERI). Currently, the system
has 10 on land and 5 sea bottom strong motion Earthquake Early Warning (IEEWS) stations and 110
strong motion Earthquake Rapid Response (IERRS) stations with real-time data transmission
capability. Although the system is under operation over 10 years, the interest of the industry to
the system is very recently. In 2012, Istanbul Natural Gas Distribution Company (IGDAS) has
started to a project of “IGDAS Earthquake Risk Reduction System” collaboration with KOERI. The
main aim was to have a real-time risk reduction system for the whole natural gas network.
3. IGDAS (Istanbul Gas Distribution Co.), Earthquake Monitoring
System
IGDAS has deployed 110 strong motion stations at its district regulators in order to use them in
automatic shut-off mechanism during an event in the case of exceedence of threshold levels of ground
motion parameters.
IGDAS (Istanbul Gas Distribution Co.) pipeline
Network and its components
IGDAS network includes 1,383km steel pipeline
and 13,000km PE pipeline.
The following sub-tasks have been carried out within the IGDAS Earthquake Risk Reduction System
project:
- Installation of 110 strong motion stations into the IGDAS district regulators,
- Development of a real-time strong motion data processing algorithm for the strong motion
stations,
- Transmission of EEW information to IGDAS district regulators strong motion stations,
- Development of shut-off algorithm for the IGDAS district regulators,
- Development of the algorithm for the integrated near real-time ShakeMap for the IGDAS
district regulators strong motion stations (110) and KOERI ERR stations (110).
2. Istanbul Earthquake Early Warning
Response System (IEEWRRS)
The network also contains 11 RMS stations, 693
district regulators, 487 valve rooms and
626,364 service boxes.
The total number of user of IGDAS is over
4million.
A total of 220 strong motion stations (110
KOERI + 110 IGDAS) are integrated for the
rapid response purpose.
System and Rapid
Grid based damage calculations are done for
the buildings where the service boxes are
located. Damage calculation are also achieved
for the straight pipelines, tees, bends,
insulation joints and valve chambers .
Istanbul Earthquake Early Warning System
(IEEWS) consists of 10 on-land and 5 seabottom strong motion stations.
ON LAND
SEA BOTTOM
Istanbul Eathquake Early Warning System
Considering the complexity of fault rupture
and the short fault distances, a simple and
robust Early Warning algorithm, based on the
exceedance of specific threshold time domain
amplitude
levels
(band-pass
filtered
accelerations and the cumulative absolute
velocity) named as CAV is implemented (Erdik
et al, 2003).
The data transmission between the remote
stations and the base station at KOERI is
provided both with satellite and fiber optic
cable systems. The continuous on-line data
from these stations is used to provide real
time warning to the critical infrastructures for
emerging potentially disastrous earthquakes
before the damaging waves reach and activate
the shut-off mechanism. The data transmission
time from the remote stations to the KOERI
data center is a few milliseconds through fiber
optic lines and less than a second via satellites.
Ground motion parameters of PGV (Peak Ground
Velocity), PSV (Pseudo Spectral Velocity) and
PGS (Peak Ground Strain) are used for the
pipeline damage calculations.
KOERI Strong Ground Motion Stations
İGDAŞ Strong Ground Motion Stations
The flowchart of pipeline damage
estimation is given in the right panel:
The Hazard information is provided
by Real-time ELER.
Scenario based
Earthquakes
Real Time
Earthquakes
Earthquake Hazard
Earthquake Model
Earthquake Model
Building and Natural
Gas Inventory
Building &
Infrastructure
Inventory
Building &
Infrastructure
Inventory
Building Damage
Spectral
Displacement based
Building Damage
Spectral
Displacement based
Building Damage
Building Damage &
Damage Function
based
Infrastructure
Damage
Building Damage &
Damage Function
based
Infrastructure
Damage
Building and Pipeline inventory are
used for the damage calculations.
Infrastructure Damage
Istanbul Eathquake Rapid Response System
Istanbul Eathquake Rapid Response System consists of 110 strong motion stations distributed to
densely populated areas of Istanbul city in order to have a near real-time shakemap and damage
assessment for the disaster management purpose. The real-time data transmission to data center
is achieved with 3G communication system.
The data transmission from site
stations to KOERI and IGDAS data
centers and between the data
centers are shown in the left panel:
ELER – Earthquake Loss Estimation Routine has been utilized for the real-time shakemap and loss
estimation. The flow-chart of the ELER given below:
LEVEL 0
Intensity Map
(Point Source/Extended
HAZARD
Source based on
(Shake-map)
Seismotectonic Database +
Observed GM values +Vs30
&
INVENTORY
BUILDING
City Locations + Landscan
Population Distribution
DAMAGE
N/A
CASUALTY
Regionally Adjusted
Fatality vs Magnitude
and/or EMS8
Relationships
ECONOMIC
LOSS
PIPELINE
DAMAGE
N/A
LEVEL 1
LEVEL 2
Intensity Map
(Point Source/Extended
Source based on
Seismotectonic Database +
Observed GM values +Vs30
Ground Motion Map
(Point Source/Extended
Source based on
Seismotectonic Database +
Observed GM values +Vs30
Building Inventory (types
And storey numbers) +
Population Distribution
Building Inventory (types
And storey numbers) +
Population Distribution
EMS8 Intensity based
Building Vulnerability with
Uncertainities.
Spectral Displacement
based Building Vulnerability
withUncertainities.
Building Damage related
Casualty Distribution
Building Damage related
Casualty Distribution
Replacement cost and loss
ratio related to damage
states
Replacement cost and loss
ratio related to damage
states
Pipeline damage using PGV based on GMPEs
The integration of KOERI RR
stations data and IGDAS RR stations
data is provided by the data
transmission between the two data
centers
with
fiber-optic
communication.
The real-time ShakeMap and building damage
information is provided by ELER using the ground
motion parameters data from IERRS stations.
Subsequently, casulaty and economic loss are
calculated based on the building damage.
The building damage analysis are achieved in grid
based using the emprical and analytical approaches.
The seismotectonic database and soil information
are used for the hazard analysis and building
inventory data is used for the damage calculations.
The real-time ShakeMap and building damage
information is forwarded Istanbul Metropolitan
Municipality, Istanbul Governorship and 1st Army
for the emergency response actions.
Real Time
Implementation
SHUT-OFF
REGIONAL
REGULATORS
İGDAŞ – Scada &
Control Center
İGDAŞ
Stations
(110)
15 Stations
KOERI
KOERI
Stations
(110 )
İGDAŞ Rapid
Response Units
(32)
Preperation of Damage Maps
in 15 – 20 secs.
IGDAS Real-time Earthquake Early
Warning Implementation follows 4 stages:
1) Real-time ground motion data
transmitted from 110 IGDAS and 110
KOERI stations to the IGDAS Scada
Center and KOERI.
2)During an event EW information is sent
from IGDAS Scada Center to the IGDAS
stations.
3)Automatic Shut-Off will be applied at
IGDAS district regulators, and
calculated parameters will be sent from
stations to the IGDAS Scada Center and
KOERI.
4)Integrated damage maps will be prepared
immediately after the earthquake event.