ANNUAL REPORT DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCES

2014
DEPARTMENT
OF BIOSCIENCES
ANNUAL REPORT
Department of Biosciences in brief
The research focus of the Department of Biosciences is to understand fundamental biological
processes from molecular and cellular level to population and ecosystem level. The Depart­
ment has one Centre of Excellence (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis) and four
research sections (Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene­
tics and Evolutionary Biology, Physiology and Cell Biology). Furthermore, the IBV is involved in
three Strategic Research Initiatives (SRIs) at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences:
Centre for Computational Inference in Evolutionary Life Science (CELS), Centre for Integrative
Microbial Evolution (CIME), and Centre for Integrative Neuroplasticity (CINPLA).
By 15th December 2014, the Department had 49 faculty members, 12 adjunct positions (20% posi­
tions), 15 permanent and 5 temporary administrative positions and 42 permanent and 13 tempo­
rary technical positions. 106 post docs/researchers and 68 PhD research fellows were employed
by December 2014. Additionally the Department this year housed >100 visiting researchers.
There are at any given time about 650 students in total at the undergraduate and graduate lev­
els. 92 master degrees and 22 PhD degrees were awarded were awarded by the Department. We
taught a total of 99 courses; 24 bachelor-, 44 master-, 29 PhD-courses as cloned master courses,
and 2 PhD courses.
In 2014, our researchers published 331 articles in peer reviewed journals and contributed more
than 300 conference papers, reports, media contributions and other professional presentations.
Best teachers in 2014, nominated by the students, were Winnie Eskild and Jens Ådne Rekkedal
Haga. The innovation/dissemination award were presented to the iGem team, and Ola T. Westen­
gen et al., Cassandra N. Tier et al. and Melinka A. Butenko et al. were awarded best paper prizes.
The total budget for the Department of Biosciences in 2014 was 343 million NOK, of which 143
million NOK came from external funding sources. Financing of the Department’s external proj­
ects is distributed from the Norwegian Research Council (96 million NOK), and other national
and international funding (EU, public and private sectors; 47 million NOK).
CONTENT
1
2
3
4
5
6
Organization and Management
page 4
Financespage
6
Researchpage
7
Degrees and Courses
page 36
Infrastructurepage
48
Appendixpage
73
Cover picture: Raw macrophage fed with gold particles © Michaela Salajkova, Urska Repnik, EM-lab
2014 demarks the year that Department of
Biosciences (Institutt for biovitenskap, IBV)
developed from a newborn infant to a curious
toddler. Slowly, but surely we are finding our
ways, being part of an organization that is un­
der constant changing, incremental change.
The quality of a university department is not
the sum of its assets, cash flow or material
resources, but rather a reflection of its people.
In that regard I feel very fortunate to lead
the IBV, because every day I get to work with
people that I really enjoy, people who are at
the top of their game, the best in their field.
I took a quick look at last years “comments”
and noticed that I mentioned in particular our
success in FRIPRO; and yet again, the IBV was
the major recipient of FRIMEDBIO grants in
2014. This is obviously because of a number
of outstanding scientists work in the depart­
ment, but I believe that it is also the result
of a positive and collegial culture of support
for each other. It is also the result of a work
culture where it is recognized that quality of
the finished product depends on quality in
every link of the chain, whether it be scien­
tific, administrative, technical or financial. In
that regard we are fortunate to have a very
professional administration whose goal it is
to be the best department administration at
UiO. This is a culture that we should cherish,
but also work to continually improve, just like
we try to improve the quality of our research
and of our education program. Science is no
longer a solitary affair and many research
projects need teams of scientist often from
different field to be brought to fruition. At the
IBV, embedded with the Faculty of Mathema­
tics and Natural Sciences (MN Faculty), we are
in a superb position to assemble such teams
to tackle important biological questions, and
such questions are being tackled at IBV, in the
three MN strategic research initiatives, in the
departmental prioritized research areas and in
other projects.
In 2014 we have had three departmental semi­
nars to discuss the future of our education
program. I have really enjoyed these meetings
and I am sure that for many faculty members
“discovering” a new set of colleagues has
been quite interesting. The launch of the new
FINN-EIRIK JOHANSEN
The Chair’s Comments
bachelor programs at the MN Faculty has been
set to autumn 2017, and there is a lot of work
to be done before then. While the education
we provide today certainly is of a high inter­
national level, tomorrow’s standards are even
higher. The data explosion has hit biology
and tomorrow’s candidates must get the tools
required to cope with this as part of their
basic education. Additionally, they need to be
equipped for a long and constantly changing
work environment. Furthermore, we wish to
increase flexibility in our bachelor programs
and create a better learning atmosphere.
Some changes will go into effect before 2017
and 2014 was the first year that IBV bachelor
programs (Biology and MBK) participated in
the MN Faculty program seminars. Along with
a few professors I participated in the two-day
seminar at Sundvollen myself and enjoyed
ice-breaking exercises, creative performances,
good food and evening games with nearly 150
first year students.
It is my goal that the IBV is an “open” insti­
tute that engages and is engaged by society.
Partici­pation at “Forskningstorget” is one such
event where we can share our interest with
others, particularly the younger generation.
The theme for Forskningstorget in 2014 was
“communication” and our stand attracted
many kids (and a molecular biologist depart­
ment head) that wanted to learn about bird
song and dialects. 2014 was also the first year
that IBV sponsored a team for iGEM (inter­
national Genetically Engineered Machines).
An interdisciplinary group of seven students
worked in the lab, blogged, presented their
project (MicrOrganizer) at many venues and
finally went to Boston end of November to par­
ticipate in the giant jamboree. The iGEM team
became somewhat famous early 2015 when
they were asked by the University Rector to
present their project to Crown Prince Haakon
and Crown Princess Mette-Marit at their visit
to University of Oslo.
On the following pages you will find the wrap
up of year 2014 at our department. This year’s
annual report differs from the previous one as
it the first annual report organized according
the new sections at IBV. Another sign of incre­
mental change.
ORGANIZATION
MANAGEMENT
1
Organization and Management
4
Board
Departmental
Management
Head of Department
Staff function
Head of Education
Head of Administration
HR Adviser
Section
Leader
Labs
Labs
Labs
Labs
Labs
Engineering
Workshop
Research
Vessels
NSC
Proteomics
EM
Imaging
Section for Administration
Section for Physiology and Cell Biology
Drøbak Marine
Research Centre
Section
Leader
Section for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Animal
Facility
Section
Leader
Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis
Finse Alpine
Research Centre
CoE
Chair
Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology
Phytotron
Section
Leader
Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology
Section for
Infrastructure
Section
Leader
ORGANIZATION
MANAGEMENT
5
Board and committees
Board
Department chair
Finn-Eirik Johansen
Scientific staff representatives
Asbjørn Vøllestad
Marianne Fyhn
External scientific representative
Dag L. Aksnes (UiB)
Technical and administrative staff representative
Hans Borg
Temporary scientific staff representatives
Øystein Langangen
Åshild Vik
Student representatives
Ina Hodnebrug
Jonfinn Blix Knudsen
Deputy representatives, scientific staff
Kristian Prydz
Josefin Titelman
Deputy representatives, technical and administrative staff
Kathrine Schou
Agnethe B. Salvesen
Deputy representatives, temporary scientific staff
Synnøve Botnen
Øystein Langangen
Deputy student representatives
Julie S. P. Knudsen
Håkon Høgset
Committees and workgroups
Employment committee, PhD students and post docs
Norbert Roos (chair), Helene M. Lampe, Øystein
Langangen
Gundersen, Lieblein Røsæg (student representative),
Bernt Wu (student representative), Torill Rørtveit,
Kyrre Grøtan
Education committee
Uwe Klein (chair), Tom Andersen, Glenn-Peter
Sætre, Anneleen Kool (NHM), Håkon Høgset (student
representative), Brit Vike (student representative),
Agnethe B. Salvesen (secretary)
Dissemination workgroup
Tone Gregers (chair), Klaus Høiland, Einar
Strømnes (NHM), Kristin Glørstad Tsigaridas,
Tore Oldeide Elgvin, Tore Wallem, Ivan M. Winje,
Agnethe Salvesen/Kyrre Grøtan, Fredrik Ellingsen
(student representative), Inger K. Volden (student
representative)
PhD program committee
Håvard Kauserud (chair), Pål Falnes, Katrine Borgå,
Glenn-Peter Sætre, Kristian Prydz, Sumera Majid
(secretary)
Master and Bachelor program committees
Biology: Glenn-Peter Sætre (chair), Stein Fredriksen,
Ketil Hylland, Helene Lampe, Anneleen Kool (NHM),
Mathilde Hauge Skarsjø (student representative),
Andreas Otterbeck (student representative), Lise
Bøkenes, Agnethe B. Salvesen
Molecular biology, biochemistry and physiology:
Uwe Klein (chair), Jon Nissen-Meyer, Kristian
Local working enviroment committee
Finn-Eirik Johansen (chair), Maren Onsrud,
Marit Ledsaak, Cecilie Mathiesen, Mali Ramsfjell
(student representative), Moreiro Engh (student
representative), Jan Erik Olsen (TA, observer),
Kathrine Schou (secretary)
Safety representatives
Ibrahim Hujaleh, Marit Ledsaak, Helene Lampe,
Nanna W. Steen, Cecilie Mathiesen, Johan Erland,
Marit Langrekken
FINANCES
2
Finances
6
Balance 31.12.2013
IBV total
Basis
RCN
EU
Other
-4 368 000
-4 368 000
0
0
0
Income
Transferred from 2013
IBV total
Basis
RCN
EU
Other
41 335 000
9 768 000
14 387 000
5 829 000
11 351 000
108 482 000
90 779 000
68 000
4 852 000
Basis
108 482 000
Rent
46 573 000
46 573 000
MLS
10 093 000
10 093 000
9 678 000
9 678 000
Other UiO
Research Council of Norway (RCN)
95 699 000
Norwegian Cancer Society (DNK)
9 517 000
EU
3 187 000
9 517 000
3 187 000
Other external funding
32 031 000
Welfare reimbursement
6 149 000
3 168 000
Income research vessels
2 321 000
2 321 000
Income research laboratories
3 660 000
3 660 000
Income other research services
5 135 000
5 135 000
10 261 000
10 261 000
Various earnings
Overhead
Total income
23 949 000
23 949 000
408 070 000
233 088 000
Expenses
Salary
Rent
1 722 000
30 309 000
1 845 000
1 136 000
108 733 000
9 084 000
57 165 000
IBV total
Basis
RCN
EU
Other
201 435 000
136 827 000
43 875 000
4 547 000
16 186 000
46 573 000
46 573 000
8 594 000
Running expenses
63 122 000
36 200 000
17 101 000
1 227 000
Equipment
26 344 000
5 532 000
20 541 000
130 000
141 000
Overhead
23 949 000
2 098 000
15 073 000
975 000
5 803 000
361 423 000
227 230 000
96 590 000
6 879 000
30 724 000
Total expenses
Transferred to 2015
Allocated funds 31.12.2014
Balance 31.12.2014
2%
46 647 000
5 858 000
12 143 000
2 205 000
26 441 000
-23 998 000
-9 650 000
-12 143 000
-2 205 000
-26 441 000
-3 792 000
-3 792 000
0
0
0
16%
1%
36%
16%
60%
20%
48%
Salary
Running expenses
Salary
Running expenses
Overhead
Equipment
Overhead
Equipment
Figure 1a Salary, running expenses, equipment costs
and overhead as parts of basis expenses
Figure 1b Salary, running expenses, equipment costs and
overhead as parts of external project expenses
RESEARCH
3
Research
7
Research sections and CoE-Centre
for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis
Aquatic Biology and
Toxicology (AQUA)
Genetics and Evolutionary Biology
(EVOGENE)
Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis
(CEES)
Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology
(BMB)
Physiology and Cell
Biology (FYSCELL)
S. Kaartvedt
B. Edvardsen
T. Andersen
K. Borgå
S. Fredriksen
D. Hessen
K. Hylland
H.E. Karlsen
D. Klaveness
H.P. Leinaas
J. Titelman
K.I. Ugland
P.E. Grini
K. Shalchian-Tabrizi
T. Schumacher
H. Kauserud
K. Høiland
J.M. Koomey
R. Aalen
D. Linke
N.C. Stenseth
S. Jentoft
A.K. Brysting
T. Ergon
T. Hansen
G. Hestmark
K.S. Jakobsen
H.M. Lampe
A. Mysterud
T. Slagsvold
G.P. Sætre
A. Vøllestad
Fahri Saatcioglu
P. Falnes
T. Kristensen
J. Nissen-Meyer
W. Eskild
K.K. Andersson
O. Stokke Gabrielsen
I. Sandlie
H. Aarnes
U. Klein
Marianne Fyhn
K. Prydz
K. Gundersen
G. Nilsson
G. Griffiths
O. Bakke
N. Roos
S. Brubak
R. Amundsen
B. Kaasa
P.J. Færøvig (50%)
C. Mathiesen
R. Fallet
S.H. Engebretsen
A. Herland
L. Nederbragt (80%)
E.R. Nerli (60%)
M. Selander Hansen
M. Skage
A. Tooming-Klunderud
N. Winger Steen
P.E. Kistiansen
S. Kistenich
H. Letnes (20%)
A. Moen
R. Ose
R. Sivaganesh (50%)
M. Ledsaak
S. Qu
L.H. Haugen
A. Hofgaard
T. Klungervik Larsen
B. Mathiesen
K. Ore (60%)
M. Salajkova
F. Skjeldal
Figure 2 Research sections and CoE-Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (per 15.12)
RESEARCH
8
SFF (CoE) – Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES)*
www.mn.uio.no/cees
The Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Syn­
thesis (CEES) combines a broad spectrum of disci­
plines (such as population biology, statistical and
mathematical modelling and genomics) to foster
the concept of ecology as a driving force of evolu­
tion via selective processes, with a corresponding
influence of evolutionary changes on ecology.
CEES in brief
CEES has now only three more years to go as a
Centre of Excellence (CoE) within the current
2007–2017 funding period. All indicators show
promise for what we might expect during the
latter part of this 10-year period – and beyond. We
continue to keep up our good publication record
and to obtain good external financial support for
our work.
In 2014, CEES consisted of 161 members (includ­
ing core staff, post docs and researchers, PhDs,
research assistants, technical and administrative
staff, and master’s students). In addition, 15 guests
stayed for more than one month, and 21 guests
for less than one month. The members and guests
represented 34 nationalities. The Centre has a
core group of 16 employees (two are employed by
the Department of Mathematics, one by the De­
partment of Economy and one by the Institute of
Marine Research). One employee is a visiting sci­
entist at the University of Alberta, Canada. CEES is
chaired by Professor Nils Chr. Stenseth.
CEES supervised 34 master’s and 29 PhD students
in 2014, and was also involved in the teaching of
7 PhD/master’s courses and 3 bachelor’s courses.
7 new PhD students were employed, and 4 PhD
students and 13 master’s students completed
their degrees. The CEES graduate school held its
annual conference at Holmen Fjordhotell with 137
delegates.
Approximately 94 MNOK of the total budget of
152 MNOK came from the 56 externally funded
research projects conducted by CEES. Most of the
projects were funded through the Research Coun­
cil of Norway. CEES is also involved in various
EU-funded projects. 18 new projects were started
in 2014.
CEES members published 159 articles in peer
reviewed journals and 17 books/book chapters/
reports in 2014. The majority of these results lie
within the core scope of CEES. 178 talks at confe­
rences were conducted. The centre hosted 71
guest speakers, primarily from abroad.
The work of CEES is structured into Colloquia and
Themes, the former being focused projects each
lasting for three years and the latter consisting of
on-going, long-term work that is accommodated
within the centre. The Themes are Theme 1: The
role of population structuring in adaptive evolu­
tion. Theme 2: The potential for adaptation. Theme
3: The evolution of reproductive isolation. The
topics of the Colloquia are as follows: Colloquium
1: Selection and evolvability: Concepts, measure­
ments and statistics. Colloquium 2: Bridging the
gap between genomics and evolutionary biology.
Colloquium 3: The ecology and evolution of infec­
tious diseases with an environmental reservoir.
Colloquium 4: Integration of ecology and evolution:
A synthesis.
The annual student conference
The CEES Annual Student Conference is a com­
pulsory event that provides a good forum for stu­
dents to hone their communication and presenta­
tion skills in a professional setting. This year the
conference was held October 21.–22. at Holmen
Fjordhotell with 143 delegates. For the first time,
the CEES Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) was
present at the conference. Including a few talks
by senior scientists, 65 talks were given.
Communication of science
An important goal of CEES is to communicate its
research and findings, as well as to increase the
appreciation and understanding of science. Our
*This is an extract of the CEES annual report.
The complete report is published at www.mn.uio.no/cees/english/about/documents/
RESEARCH
9
Delegates at the Annual CEES Student Conference, Holmen Fjordhotell © CEES
aim is to reach both Norwegian and international
audiences. A central part of our scientific outreach
is the open seminars with high-profile research­
ers and communicators of science, held both on
the university campus and at public venues such
as Oslo’s House of Literature (Litteraturhuset).
For the ninth year in a row, the annual events of
Darwin Day and the Kristine Bonnevie Lectures on
Evolutionary Biology were held, the latter consti­
tuting a regular part of the university’s annual
anniversary day. In 2014, the topic for Darwin
Day (12 February) was “The major transitions in
evolution: From the origin of life to the emergence
of language”, and featured lectures by Stefan
Bengtson, Terrence W. Deacon, William F. Mar­
tin, Adam Rutherford, Nathan Sanders and Eörs
Szathmáry. The Kristine Bonnevie Lecture on Evo­
lutionary Biology (September 2.) by Hopi Hoekstra
from Harvard University was titled “Digging for
genes that affect behavior”. It was preceded by
the lecture “On the relationship between science
and philosophy” by Massimo Pigliucci from The
City College of New York.
The synthesis
“Bridging the gaps” has become a trademark of
CEES – fitting very well with our overall aim of
bringing ecological and evolutionary thinking
closer together. CEES has been successful in
getting classically trained, organismic- orien­
ted scientists (focusing on both ecological and
evolutionary processes) to work together with
genomics- oriented scientists. That in itself is an
achievement we are very proud of, and we con­
sider it a major accomplishment. To a large extent
it has been made possible by the work within
Colloquium 2 (“Bridging the gap between genomics
and evolutionary biology”) and the subsequent
work building upon that colloquium. Our work on
the ecology and evolution of cod populations and
on the hybrid speciation in sparrows – both part
of Colloquium 2 – are prime examples of the inte­
gration of ecological and evolutionary thinking.
Another such example is the work that we are
conducting on plague. This is part of Colloquium 3
(“The ecology and evolution of infectious diseas­
es within an environmental reservoir”). Much
exciting synthesis work is currently taking place
in that colloquium. The decision to establish a
modern ancient DNA laboratory, to be officially
opened April 2015, will certainly facilitate this
work. Colloquium 4 (“Integration of ecology and
evolution”) is the final colloquium of CEES, within
which the synthesis work is to be concluded.
Within this colloquium we are bringing togeth­
er paleobiological work, experimental microbial
work, and theoretical work. The synthesis work
within this colloquium has received additional
external funding, greatly facilitating it. Few if any
other research groups cover such a broad range
of competence in the quest to understand how
evolutionary and ecological processes are mutu­
ally interwoven and lead to macroevolutionary
dynamics.
RESEARCH
10
SCIENTIFIC HIGHLIGHTS
The evolution of reproductive isolation during hybrid speciation
Natural hybridization is currently receiving much
attention in evolutionary biology. Aided by novel
sequencing technologies, researchers are discove­
ring that a great number of sexually reproducing
taxa previously thought to be good biological spe­
cies1 exhibit genetic signals of admixture, and that
the levels of gene exchange in natural systems are
higher than previously appreciated. Even our own
species has been shown to harbor a complex reti­
culate history involving several admixture events
with archaic humans, including the Neanderthals
whose genetic material some of us still carry with
us today.
Among the more spectacular outcomes of natural
hybridization is hybrid speciation. During this
process a novel taxon arises through interbreed­
ing between existing taxa, and develops repro­
ductive barriers against them. Though recognized
as a potentially vital contributor to biological
diversification, questions regarding how repro­
ductive isolation can develop during this mode
of speciation and whether “special” and possibly
unlikely circumstances are required, have made
its evolutionary importance unclear.
In two recent papers published in PLoS Genetics
(Trier & Hermansen et al. 2014) and Molecular
Ecology (Hermansen et al. 2014), CEES researchers
have shed important light on this problem. By
means of genetic analyses they have shown that
the hybrid Italian sparrow (Passer italiae) is re­
productively isolated from its parent species, the
house sparrow (Passer domesticus) and the Spanish
sparrow (Passer hispaniolensis), through the sort­
ing of preexisting genetic incompatibilities in the
form of sex-linked and mito-nuclear incompati­
bilities. In short, a subset of the incompatibilities
that separate the parent species from each other
has become sorted in the hybrid genome in such a
way that they act as reproductive barriers against
the house sparrow, while another subset is acting
as reproductive barriers against the Spanish
sparrow.
This is the first time post-zygotic barriers in the
form of genetic incompatibilities have been shown
to isolate a hybrid taxon. The studies therefore
show that hybrid speciation may be driven by
mechanisms similar to those involved in non-hy­
brid speciation, but with the formation of two
geographically separated species boundaries
instead of one. Hence, hybrid speciation can occur
without the need of invoking “special” proces­
ses, and may therefore be more important for the
diversification of life on earth than has previously
been thought.
Interestingly, the findings presented in the two
papers suggest that the mito-nuclear incompa­
tibilities that contribute to isolation between the
hybrid taxon and one of its parents, as well as
between the parent species, result from geno­
mic conflict in the form of the so-called ‘mother’s
curse’. ‘Mother’s curse’ is the phenomenon that
female beneficial mutations in mitochondria
that are harmful to males can spread due to the
maternal inheritance of mitochondria. This sets
up a selective sieve that allows for the build-up of
male-detrimental mutations, which in turn selects
for suppressor alleles that restore male fitness.
Mismatches between mitochondrial alleles and
nuclear suppressor alleles lead to detrimental
effects in hybrids whose parents differ in mi­
to-nuclear system. In female-heterogametic taxa
(ZZ/ZW), Z-linked genes spend two-thirds of their
time in the male lineage, and suppressor alleles
are therefore expected to be disproportionately
situated on the Z chromosome. Such an overrep­
resentation of Z-linked genes with mitochondrial
function among the candidate reproductive iso­
lation loci shifting alongside the mitochondria at
species range boundaries is exactly what the CEES
researchers have found. As such, in addition to
adding to our understanding of hybrid speciation,
these papers also add to our understanding of re­
productive isolation in general as they are the first
to empirically indicate a direct role for ‘mother’s
curse’ in the origin of any species, hybrid or not.
Phenotypic variation and species interactions in a
hybrid species complex
One of the most famous examples of adaptive
Biological species are groups of interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other
such groups. ‘Good species’ is a term commonly used to indicate taxa that satisfy the criteria of the so-called
biological species concept.
1
RESEARCH
11
radiations, the case of Darwin’s finches (Geospiza),
has long fascinated biologists. In particular, the
pronounced diversity in beak morphology of the
different species that occupy the Galapagos ar­
chipelago and its role in species interactions, via
competition and hybridization, confirm the func­
tional versatility and evolutionary significance of
the avian beak.
Previously, in a paper published in Heredity
(Eroukhmanoff et al. 2013), CEES researchers
similarly emphasized the importance of beak
morphology in local adaptation to environmental
pressures in the Italian sparrow. Beak dimen­
sions covary strongly with precipitation regimes.
However, little was known about the role of beak
morphology in the context of species interactions
in this hybrid species complex. In a recent paper
published in Evolutionary Biology (Eroukhmanoff
et al. 2014), CEES researchers show that, in two
different contact zones, one between the hybrid
Italian sparrow and one of its parent species, the
Spanish sparrow, and one between the two parent
species, the architecture of beak morphology
changes in sympatry in both the parent and the
hybrid species. Phenotypic integration between
beak dimensions decreases significantly where
two species co-occur. Hence, these beak dimen­
sions may effectively be able to respond in an
independent fashion to different selective pres­
sures and allow for rapid changes in overall shape
of the beak in sympatry.
Although beak integration is generally conserved
across species, interactions between closely relat­
ed species can apparently lead to a redistribution
of variation between beak dimensions relative to
allopatric populations of the same species. Such a
flexible architecture of beak morphology may pro­
mote the coexistence of these species when they
overlap geographically, through divergence in
beak shape that reduces niche overlap and hence
competition.
Summarized by Jo Skeie Hermansen
and Fabrice Eroukhmanoff
The Sparrow Group conducting fieldwork at the Chokpak ringing station, Kazakstan. Here they are catching a
flock of migrating Passer domesticus bactrianus. © Tore O. Elgvin
RESEARCH
12
Weather, space use and harvesting of red deer
Most cervid2 populations in Europe and North
America are managed through some form of se­
lective harvesting, which has a large influence on
the population growth rate. Management actions
such as age- and sex-specific quotas give rise to
most of the selectivity, but hunter preferences
also play a role. In addition, harvesting selec­
tivity may arise indirectly, i.e. through animal
behaviour, where the differential use of open and
closed habitats can make the animals more or less
prone to being harvested. As the different sexes
and age groups are expected to behave differently,
the differential movement patterns can give rise
to variation in their associated probabilities of
being harvested. Open habitats such as farmland
are more exposed to harsh weather, and periods
of heavy precipitation or low temperatures can
cause cervids to seek cover in closed habitats
and thus utilise open habitat to a lesser extent.
For hunters, periods of extreme cold or heavy
precipitation can constitute less attractive hunting
weather than warmer and drier conditions. Moon­
light is also known to influence hunting success
in predator-prey interactions, and may also affect
harvesting vulnerability in cervids, as well as
hunter effort through increased invisibility. How­
ever, how prevailing weather affects harvesting
selectivity and off-take indirectly through chang­
es in individual animal and hunter behaviour has
received little attention in the literature.
We used harvest data from red deer (Cervus
elaphus) to investigate how weather and habitat
characteristics affect behavioural decisions of
animals and their hunters throughout the hunting
season. More specifically, we looked at how sex
and age class, temperature, precipitation, moon
phase and day of week affect the probability of
being harvested on farmland (open habitat), hun­
ter effort, and the overall harvest numbers.
In general, the effect of fall weather conditions
and habitat characteristics on hunter effort and
harvest numbers varied through the season. I.e.,
the effect of temperature on total harvest num­
bers was negative mid- and late-season, with no
effect early in the season. We also found higher
harvest numbers (figure 1) and hunter effort
during the full moon late in the season, as well
as a consistently higher hunter effort during
weekends than on weekdays (figure 2). Yearlings
showed the highest variation in the probability of
being harvested on farmland through the season,
and the results were similar for both males and
females.
This study is among the first to highlight that
weather may affect harvesting patterns and
off-take indirectly through animal and hunter
behaviour. The interaction effects of weather and
space use on hunter behaviour are complicated,
yet nevertheless seem less important than hunter
Two young red deer males in Surnadal, Møre og Romsdal, Norway © Erling L. Meisingset
2
Cervid: any member of the deer family, Cervidae
RESEARCH
13
preference and quotas in determining hunter se­
lection and harvest off-take. We argue that taking
into consideration the variation in hunter behav­
iour is important when forming management
rules for sustainable harvesting.
Summarized by Inger Maren Rivrud and Atle Mysterud
The total daily harvest numbers of red deer through
the hunting season ± SE, for three different moon
phases (Rivrud et al. 2014).
The total daily hunter effort (log of number of
hunters participating in a reported hunting session
times the length of the hunting bout in hours) ± SE,
for day of week (solid line: Monday-Friday; dotted
line: Saturday-Sunday) through the hunting season
(Rivrud et al. 2014).
Ancient DNA analysis of highly exploited Atlantic
cod populations
Ancient genomics, whereby whole genome se­
quence data are obtained from historical biolo­
gical material, can provide a unique snapshot of
past genetic variation. Such data can be used to
detect signatures of natural selection, allowing
an improved understanding of the processes that
underlie genetic adaptation in wild populations.
We have formed an international collaboration
with the Institute of Marine Research (Norway),
Fisheries and Oceans (Canada), and the Marine
Research Institute (Iceland) to investigate the po­
tential of natural selection in highly exploited At­
lantic cod populations using ancient DNA (aDNA)
samples (e.g. figure 1) of up to 100 years old.
Working with aDNA samples is not always
straightforward. For instance, it is well recognized
that systematic sequence bias in aDNA data can
be introduced due to laboratory protocols and
postmortem degradation. Postmortem degrada­
tion leads to cytosine deamination and increased
fragmentation at purine positions, and choice
of polymerase affects GC content and fragment
length. Additionally, specific ligation protocols
select against DNA fragments that start with a
thymine residue, and can promote hairpin for­
mation leading to palindromic sequence artifacts
(Star et al. 2014). Nevertheless, species-specific
genome architecture is not often considered to
affect aDNA data.
We observed an unusually high proportion of
simple AC and AG microsatellite dinucleotide
repeats when analyzing Atlantic cod aDNA data
from samples over 70 years old, with up to 40%
of all bases solely consisting of repeats (Star et al.
2014). These microsatellites are problematic as
they lead to reduced alignment success and de­
crease the economy of sequencing aDNA samples.
We investigated the natural abundance of these
specific repeats in the Atlantic cod genome (Star
et al. 2011) and found that it contains an order of
magnitude more (nearly 9%) of these repeats than
other species (figure 2). We therefore wondered if
this high endogenous repeat content was causal
for its overrepresentation in the aDNA sequen­
cing data. In a recent paper (Star et al. submitted),
we show that amplification conditions strongly
influence the relative proportion of these types of
repeats. Moreover, the proportion of these repeats
can be altered through the inclusion of artificially
RESEARCH
14
Historic specimen of a juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)
made repetitive oligonucleotides during the am­
plification of WGS libraries generated from aDNA
samples. Based on these results, we propose that
self-priming of short, fragmented repeats is the
predominant process leading to the preferential
amplification of AC and AG repeats. Our data pro­
vide a fundamental observation that the specific
genome architecture of a particular species – in
this case Atlantic cod – interferes with a widely
used aDNA library preparation protocol.
Summarized by Bastiaan Star
Dinucleotide repeat content in vertebrate assemblies. The amount of AC
and AG dinucleotide repeats was obtained using Tandem Repeat Finder
(TRF, version 407b) in 63 vertebrate genome assemblies (Ensembl, release
76). Estimates were divided by total assembly size, excluding undetermined
bases. Assemblies with more extreme repeat content are indicated. (Star et al.
submitted).
RESEARCH
15
munities, but for the Nordic societies as a whole,
and indeed on a global scale.
normer.uio.no
NorMER is a Nordic Centre of Excellence that
brings together the expertise of leading research
groups from all Nordic countries, and several
North American institutions, to implement a
collective and multidisciplinary research strategy
to explore the biological, economic, and manage­
ment consequences of global climate change on
fisheries resources. It will achieve this through a
unique program of primary research, implement­
ed by PhDs and postdocs in a system of collab­
orative projects, with focus on the Atlantic cod
(Gadus morhua). Though our Nordic focus is on
cod, this research is intended to be a platform to
extend this knowledge to other marine systems.
The aims of NorMER are:
1. Perform effect studies to: a) evaluate climate
effects on Nordic marine ecosystems, b) build
new tools for predicting biological conse­
quences of climate change, and c) quantify
impacts on profit, employment, and harvest­
ing
2. Create an effective training environment for
young researchers
3. Develop a team of outstanding global quality
4. Link to industry and policy managers
5. Update marine ecosystem management poli­
cies to sustain healthy fisheries
NorMER is primarily supported with funding from
Nordforsk, on behalf of the Top-level Research Ini­
tiative (TRI), and from each of the main partners.
NorMER is administered by CEES.
greenmar.uio.no
GreenMAR is a project funded by NordForsk that
studies the complexities of the marine systems
in the Nordic region using multiple interacting
approaches. This region is host to some of the
largest commercial fish stocks in the world. These
fish stocks are not only important for coastal com­
More specifically, GreenMAR investigates to what
extent the ecological and social components of
complex marine systems are capable of adapting
to growing stress factors. Marine ecosystems
are under particular pressure due to fishing and
increased human activity, such as maritime trans­
port, oil exploitation, and coastal development.
Overfishing, habitat destruction, nitrification and
freshwater run-off are just a few examples of
man-made stress factors that act in concert with
climate change and threaten the viability of our
oceans. By furthering our understanding of these
issues, GreenMAR seeks to provide correspon­
ding management recommendations in order to
improve harvesting strategies and ensure green
growth. The fundamental challenge of green
growth is to use renewable natural resources
more efficiently, while ensuring that they retain
their functionality.
In order to achieve its aims, GreenMAR relies on
both multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary ap­
proaches. As an interdisciplinary Nordic research
team, GreenMAR joins forces with researchers in
the USA, Russia, and the Netherlands, along with
one of the largest Nordic fishing companies. Cli­
matologists and oceanographers provide state-of
the-art models on how climate affects sea surface
temperature, ocean circulation and freshwater
run-off. These models will be combined with
large-scale ecological time-series to unravel eco­
logical key mechanisms and detect critical thres­
holds. Sociologists will perform in-depth studies
in order to quantify fishermen’s know­ledge about
the marine system and ability to adapt to changes.
These insights will be integrated in social-ecolo­
gical models to quantify how systemic properties,
such as resilience, sustainability, and viability
will be affected by climate change. In parallel,
bio-economic models will be developed to predict
the economic effects of climate change and to in­
vestigate how industry and regulation can adapt
in a cost effective way. Together, such a multidis­
ciplinary approach provides knowledge to ensure
the sustainable management of our oceans, as a
necessity and a catalyst for green growth.
GreenMAR is administered by CEES.
RESEARCH
16
Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology (AQUA)
www.mn.uio.no/ibv/english/research/sections/aqua
The section for Aquatic biology and toxicology
(AQUA) was established in January 2014 and
includes personnel from 4 former sections
at the Department of Biosciences. The sec­
tion consists of 2 associate professors, 10 full
professors, 4 adjunct professors and 4 techni­
cians, 9 PhD research fellows, and 2 postdocs/
researchers. The section also houses master
students from the programs Marine Biology
and Limnology, Ecology and Evolution, and
Toxicology.
Research and teaching in the section focus
on freshwater and marine ecosystems, with
the toxicology group also including studies on
terrestrial organisms and human toxicology.
Marine and freshwater ecosystems differ in
physical and chemical properties, in biologi­
cal complexity and research traditions, but
there are also many similarities, and the same
ecological and evolutionary driving forces and
principles apply. AQUA aims at gaining new
insight by merging knowledge and research
traditions from the marine and limnetic
sub-disciplines.
Carbon fluxes and biogeochemistry
A large activity that links freshwater and
marine activities together concerns the role
of catchment properties and climatic effects
on the flux of dissolved organic carbon (DOC)
to lakes and coastal waters. There is current­
ly a strong increase in DOC in surface waters
which causes light limitation, reduced pro­
ductivity and community changes. Associated
with this are also studies on fluxes of other
key elements from land to aquatic systems,
such as phosphorus, nitrogen, iron, silicate and
calcium. Many of these elements show strong
trends of increase (Fe, N), while notably Ca is
decreasing strongly. This again affects a suite
The research addresses processes from the
molecular and cellular level to populations and
ecosystems, and how organisms and ecosys­
tems are affected by a range of ambient factors,
including anthropogenic impacts of pollution
and climate change. The range of organisms
encompass viruses, bacteria, benthic algae,
phytoplankton and other protists, sea grasses,
zooplankton, fish, seabirds and marine mam­
mals, covering taxonomy, ecology, behavior,
toxicology and interactions through food webs
and host-pathogen interactions. The research is
performed both locally and globally, spanning
habitats from the Arctic to Antarctica, as well
as tropical waters.
Several of the research activities cover a range
of ecosystems and organisms, e.g. how impact
of terrestrial catchments may affect freshwater
and marine ecosystems via runoff of various
compounds.
Transport of dissolved organic carbon from land to
lake to sea is a major research topic at AQUA © Dag
O. Hessen
RESEARCH
17
of ecosystem properties, including producti­
vity and food webs at large. Related to this is
also an ongoing work of modeling activities to
assess the impacts of climate change on these
parameters, and also lake temperature, strati­
fication, freezing and ice-off. Remote sensing
and time series forms part of this, hence GIStools and heavy computational efforts forms
part of these activities.
Ecological stoichiometry builds on the concept
that all living organisms are constructed over
the same general template. Originating within
limnology, ecological stoichiometry is now re­
cognized as an important integrative principle
across a range of biological disciplines, from
cell physiology to global biogeochemical cycles,
with applications in cancer research and astro­
biology. Recognizing that vital rates and stoi­
chiometry are linked through the causal chain
of growth rate, protein synthesis, ribosome
density, and cellular P content has recently led
to a partial merge between the metabolic theo­
ry of ecology and ecological stoichiometry. The
main contribution to ecological stoichiometry
is the focus on interactions between tempera­
ture and food stoichiometry comparing several
phylogenetically distant organism groups. In
the stoichiometric approach to ecology there
is often a focus on how imbalances between
carbon fixation and mineral nutrient acquisi­
tion in autotrophs can lead to reduced growth
efficiency in herbivores. In a recent project, we
explore how the same stoichiometric principles
can be applied for optimizing the lipid yield in
experimental biofuel reactors.
Research on linking life history to effects of
environmental variation combines studies
of tolerance to climate stress (ecophysiolo­
gy), phenotypic plasticity in life history traits
(acclimation, thermal reaction norms), pheno­
logy and spatial heterogeneity with population
dynamics and species interactions. Studies are
done in experimental model systems as well as
in the field, with terrestrial arthropods and in
freshwater systems. Climate change impact on
the Arctic and subarctic soil systems have been
studied in a long-term project with main focus
to understand basic mechanisms underlying
differential responses of species/species as­
semblages on environmental change, including
effects on species invasion. Marine copepods
(Calanus spp.) are used as model organisms to
study the relation between genome and body
size in micro- and macro-evolutionary pat­
terns among animals from contrasting thermal
environments. Another project has focused on
dispersal of ticks and tick borne pathogens by
birds,which represent an increasing challenge
in Norway due to environmental changes.
Morphological (cuticular) adaptation to diffe­
rent climatic conditions in Collembola is used in
collaboration with nano-technologists to un­
derstand (evolution of) structures determining
their superhydrophobic characteristics.
The interaction between life history traits and
multiple stressors, including toxicants, is a
prioritized research field at AQUA. Life-history
variation under multiple stressors is addressed
through several PhD projects, both from an
ecological and ecotoxicological point of view.
The effect of life history variation on contami­
nant accumulation is also in focus.
Biodiversity
The access to large and unique datasets on di­
versity of phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish
from thousands of lakes is the basis for several
activities, projects and papers. Lakes are ideal
systems for testing predictions and responses
related to biodiversity and ecosystem func­
tioning, since they are units with well-defined
boundaries, as inverted islands isolated by
land. A strong east-west gradient in both phy­
toplankton and zooplankton species richness
makes a longitudinal transect across Norway
and Sweden and is a natural laboratory for
investigating effects of biodiversity on natural
lake ecosystem functioning. The relationships
between species pool saturation, ecosystem
functioning, and vulnerability to bioinvasions
is studied by field sampling of natural biodiver­
sity gradients, classical and molecular mea­
sures of phyto- and zooplankton biodiversity,
and up-scaling by predictive modelling tools.
Statistical modelling is used to disentangle ef­
fects of multiple stressors like eutrophication,
climate change, and invading species on the
ecosystem services of lakes.
RESEARCH
18
Marine protist biodiversity has been addressed
in European coastal localities, including the
Oslofjord, using 454 pyrosequencing and
bioinformatics. Also, the diversity of marine
flagellates in the phylum Haptophyta and their
seasonal dynamics in relation to environmental
factors incl. viruses have been explored by 454
pyrosequencing and supplemented with elec­
tron microscopy. A large unknown diversity
among haptophytes has been revealed com­
pared to previous records by microscopy and
some represent novel and unknown branches
on the tree of life. Also the seasonal nano- and
pico-plankton protist and virus diversity have
been addressed, studying possible influence of
viruses on phytoplankton composition as well
as examining the potential of high throughput
sequencing to monitor toxic algae. Recently
started arctic projects include metagenomics
and metabarcoding studies of viruses, bacteria
and protists to reveal players and processes.
Finally, patterns in biodiversity and models for
estimation of species abundance and species
Studies of phytoplankton in the Arctic © Bente Edvardsen
richness data have been addressed for a range
of different ecosystems and taxonomic groups.
Algal/protist systematics and evolution
Morphological and molecular data have been
combined in describing several new microal­
gal species and to revise the taxonomy within
haptophytes. Harmful algae have been studied for
decades and include morphological and genetic
characterization and phylogeny, genetic diversity
and distribution, molecular probe development
for detection and monitoring, culture experiments
to clarify growth preferences and toxicity, and
genomic analyses of genes expressed. A microar­
ray assay for the monitoring of toxic marine algal
species has been developed, now under patent­
ing and ready for commercialisation. Molecu­
lar probes specific for toxic algae in the genera
Dinophysis, Phalacroma and Pseudochattonella have
been developed for the microarray assay and ap­
plied on samples collected from outer Oslofjorden.
Molecular probes detecting the algal neurotoxin
saxitoxin was also applied using qPCR.
RESEARCH
19
Other projects have examined the effect of chang­
ing environmental parameters such as nutrient
availability and temperature increase on marine
phytoplankton of the type coccolithophores (Hap­
tophyta). Culture experiments have been used to
observe changes in the production of inorganic
and organic carbon, important components of the
biogeochemical carbon cycle. Furthermore, coc­
coliths formation has been studied using different
microscopic techniques.
Pelagic ecology and behavior
The research focuses on different aspects of
plankton interactions, dynamics and diversity in
pelagic habitats both in lakes and marine systems.
Studies address both productivity, diversity and
community or food web in plankton organisms
(both autotrophs and heterotrophs), and how
plankton community composition and abun­
dances varies in time and space as a function of
environmental forcing. Advantages both for the
freshwater and marine studies are access to a
wide range of lakes in the vicinity of Oslo as well
as easily accessible, sheltered and deep fjord loca­
tions. For the lakes studies, both use of large data­
sets as well as experimental studies have been
applied and these activities are linked to several
large national and international projects.
Experimental marine studies have addressed
small-scale behavioral interactions in crustaceans,
mainly copepods. Further experiments conduc­
ted at Drøbak Biological Station and at UiO have
addressed how predation risk affects copepod
male reproductive strategies and other life history
investments in marine zooplankton. Projects
addressing the hearing abilities and behavioral
responses in fish, cephalopods and crustaceans
have continued at the Biological station in Drøbak,
observing responses (video) to acoustic stimuli.
The aim of these studies is to understand how
predation has influenced the evolution of acous­
tic-lateral sense organs in fish and marine inver­
tebrates. Related studies investigate the impacts
of seismic noise on fish and marine mammals,
aiming to understand how behavior is affected by
Deployment of an instrument package with echosounders, PC and batteries in the Red Sea. The rig is left at depth
(700 m in this case) for several weeks, continuously recording the behavior of small deep-sea fishes and squids ©
Stein Kaartvedt
RESEARCH
20
high intensity sound pulses such as from seismic
exploration activities, monopiling etc.
Acoustic studies (echosounders) on mesopelagic
fish have aimed at assessing their global distribu­
tion and abundance, as well as to compare their
biology in the oligotrophic, clear and warm Red
Sea with mesopelagic fish in murkier and sea­
sonally variably Norwegian waters. Acoustic data
have also been used in assessments of jellyfish
swimming behavior.
Benthic ecology and interactions
Benthic ecology and interactions primarily focus
on macroalgae and seagrasses, but also include
studies on microalgae. Ecological study of mac­
roalgal systems have been carried out to elucidate
why large areas of kelp forests (Laminaria hyperborea) have disappeared and have been replaced
by enormous amounts of green sea urchins
(Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis). A focus in 2014
was on how climate change affects sea urchin
populations along the Norwegian coast. By use
of molecular methods, connectivity between sea
urchin populations was studied. The section is
also involved in in a global network on kelp and
climate change. Furthermore, macroalgae from
rocky coasts have been addressed at sites around
Spitsbergen.
Seagrasses are higher plants with a worldwide
distribution, and the studies have included ex­
ploring the biodiversity and community structure
of a seagrass bed in the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia.
Additionally, the micro- and macroflora and
fauna, and fish, in addition to food webs have
been investigated. Microalgal strains have been
isolated, genetically characterised and systemati­
cally placed and includes new species for science.
Microalgae in sandy shores have been addressed
at sites around Spitsbergen.
Toxicology is a popular MSc study program, and
more than 30 master students have been super­
vised at any one time over the past decade. The
research in toxicology and ecotoxicology spans
from in vitro mechanistic studies with primary
cell cultures, through exposure studies with fish
and marine invertebrates to mesocosm studies of
pelagic and sediment processes, and understand­
ing of environmental and ecological processes
Taking a boxcore for experimental ecotoxicological
studies © Elisabeth Alve
affecting food web accumulation of contami­
nants. Recent projects include a characterization
of effects caused by oil spills, measurement of
genotoxicity in marine organisms from mussels to
polar bears, effects of climate change on food web
biomagnification of contaminants, bioaccumula­
tion and effects in Arctic seabirds. In addition to
using small-scale, high-throughput experimental
models such as primary cell cultures, AQUA is at
RESEARCH
21
the forefront in developing and using sediment
micro- and mesocosms, short and long-term
fish experimental systems with different expo­
sure pathways, caging experiments and pelagic
mesocosms. The section is also in the forefront in
bioaccumulation research on legacy and emer­
ging contaminants, combining field observations,
multivariate statistics and mechanistic model­
l­ing to make stronger links between ecological
and contaminant research. In 2014 there was
an increasing activity in arctic ecotoxicology,
both due to the strong polar research profile of a
recently employed professor, and by expanding
the focusing on the abovementioned mechanisms
of genotoxicity and DNA repair to Arctic marine
mammals. A collaboration with CEA in Grenoble
led to the use of chip technology to investigate the
ability of fish, invertebrate and seal cells to repair
specific DNA lesions. There are ongoing projects
on ringed seal, polar bear and beluga.
Scientific collaboration, representation and
outreach
At IBV, the program collaborates with EVOGENE
and CEES on phytoplankton ecology and evolu­
tion. At UiO, we collaborate with Dept. of Pharma­
cy and the Biotechnology Centre on bioprospect­
ing from microalgae and on fish physiology and
electron microscopy. Nationally, we collaborate
with UiB on pelagic and benthic ecology, mi­
crobiology and biodiversity, and IMR on pelagic
ecology and fish and marine invertebrate behavior
to acoustic stimuli. The latter also includes coope­
ration with Statoil. Collaborations with NTNU,
UNIS and Norwegian Polar Institute include polar
biology and toxicology and with NTNU also on
terrestrial arthropods. There is a well-developed
collaboration with NIVA, including on toxicology.
Other main national collaborators in toxicology
were the National Institute for Public Health and
Norwegian College for Veterinary Sciences, the
latter also including terrestrial arthropods.
(e.g. Oxford, England; AWI, Germany; CNRS,
France; ICM Spain, University of Lecce, Italy), as
well as with institutions in Asia, New Zealand,
South Africa and USA, through EU and national
projects. The toxicology group has close collabo­
ration with human toxicological research groups
and ecotoxicological research groups. In addition
to a well-established ICES network, including
marine research institutes from most European
countries with an Atlantic coastline (Cefas, IFRE­
MER, Marine Scotland, von Thünen Institut, DFO,
Deltares, IEO, AZTI), the group collaborates on a
regular basis with colleagues at universities in
Ancona, Bilbao, Göteborg, Odense, Porto, Stock­
holm, Reykjavik and Zagreb.
International cooperation on ecological stoichio­
metry involves several US universities including
Arizona State and Minnesota, as well as Europe­
an colleagues in Brest (France), Linz (Austria),
Oldenburg, and Munich (both Germany). Through
a Norway-South Africa collaborative framework
there has been close integration of projects be­
tween Norway, South Africa, Sweden and France
with a focus on climate adaptation, life history,
population biology and biodiversity of springtails.
Scientists at AQUA chaired and contributed to
international working and expert groups, co-or­
dinate international projects, have chaired and
contributed to a range of national and interna­
tional organizations and contributed substantially
towards international processes, particularly
in marine environmental issues, occupational
toxicology and risk assessment. Marine botanists
at AQUA led the red list working group for The
Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre (Arts­
databanken), led the species name committees
for microalgae, were responsible for updating the
national species lists and made a risk assessment
of the introduction of non - indigenous kelp and
were appointed to the Board for Norwegian Algal
Society.
Nordic cooperation involves SLU, and the Univer­
sities of Uppsala and Umeå, Sweden, for limnolog­
ical research, SYKE, Finland for Baltic Sea re­
search and the University of Aarhus and Odense,
Denmark on sensory ecology.
Our staff regularly participates in outreach activ­
ities such as TV, radio and newspapers. The pro­
gram supports yearly participation at conferences
for scientists, students and technicians.
We also cooperate with leading Universities and
marine biological research institutes in Europe
The publication record in 2014 was 48 peer-re­
viewed international scientific journal papers.
RESEARCH
22
Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EVOGENE)
www.mn.uio.no/ibv/english/research/sections/evogene
The Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology
(EVOGENE) is the only section at the Department
of Biosciences that has members from both the
former Departments of Biology and of Molecular
Biosciences, and includes 9 faculty staff, 1 adjunct
professor, 3 technicians, 14 PhD research fellows
and 19 post docs/researchers. The EVOGENE
section is particularly fit to generate cross-disci­
plinary synergy, in line with the intentions for
creating the new department.. EVOGENE provides
a research and learning environment where a
broad spectrum of basic biological disciplines is
represented. Genetics, ecology and developmental
biology are seen in an evolutionary perspective.
The organism as a whole has a central position in
both research and teaching. The main focus is on
the relationship between phenotype and genotype in populations and a broad ecological setting - or
in mechanistic nano-biology relations in develop­
mental biology and microbiology. In the merger
of classical and molecular genetics with epigenetics
and evolution, the research activities in the section
are cross disciplinary.
In the strategic plan for 2014 the section aimed at
improved research infrastructure and increased
research funding, recruitment of highly qualified
students and researchers, and promotion of at­
tractive social settings to consolidate the mem­
bers of the section. These goals have clearly been
fulfilled.
To foster interaction and collaboration between
the research groups in the new section, physical
close localization of the research groups has been
prioritized. To achieve this it has been decided to
move some groups. Additionally, the lab infra­
structure has been upgraded to better fit the
needs of the whole section. New labs for molecu­
lar work are underway, and a core microbial cul­
turing facility is operating. The section has strong
commitment to research on molecular genetics of
plant development, using Arabidopsis thaliana as a
model species. Growth of transgenic Arabidopsis
is subject to the Norwegian regulations on con­
tainment of genetically modified organisms and
this research field is clearly in need of more space
fulfilling the security regulations. The section
therefore welcomes and is actively involved in
the planning of an upgraded and state-of-the-art
Plant Growth Center at the department.
Funding, recruitment and research achievements
Eight projects from the EVOGENE section were
funded by the Research Council of Norway in the
2014 application round for free projects (FRIPRO),
including three young investigator grants and
three personal postdoctoral positions. This impli­
cates the recruitment of some of Norway’s most
talented young researches who may have poten­
tial for successful ERC starting grant applications.
Given the hard competition this is particularly
encouraging.
The success of the young investigators as well as
the recruitment of two new permanent profes­
sors will strengthen central areas of EVOGENE’s
research focus, i.e. mechanisms and evolution of
bacterial adhesion to eukaryotic cells, micro- and
mycobiome diversity, ecology and evolution, and
plant molecular genetics and epigenetics. Geno­
type-phenotype relationship is analyzed in the
model plant Arabidopsis thaliana by studying the
epigenetic mechanisms of imprinting and dissec­
tion of the function of proteins involved in chro­
matin modifications that regulate gene expression
and keep transposable elements silenced. The
plant molecular genetics group has also been very
successful in elucidating the genetic basis floral
organ abscission, by identifying a peptide-ligand
receptor pair, Inflorescence Deficient in Abscission
(IDA) and its receptors, the leucine-rich repeat
receptor-like kinases (LRR RLKs) HAESA (HAE) and
HAESA-LIKE2 (HSL2), controlling the shedding of
organs. The IDA gene is encoding a short prepro­
protein that is processed to a 12 amino acid hy­
droxyprolinated peptide which, based on bioche­
mical evidence, binds and activates its receptors.
(The Plant Cell Perspective paper describing this
was among the five papers awarded the Depart­
ment’s “Best papers of 2014” price.) This generates
a signalling cascade resulting in the expression of
cell wall remodeling and degradation enzymes.
Activation of LRR RLK receptors upon binding of
secreted peptides is emerging as major mechanism
of cell-to-cell communication in plants.
identifying a peptide-ligand receptor pair, Inflorescence Deficient in Abscission (IDA) and its
receptors, the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR RLKs) HAESA (HAE) and
HAESA-LIKE2 (HSL2), controlling the shedding of organs. The IDA gene is encoding a short
preproprotein that is processed to a 12 amino acid hydroxyprolinated peptide which, based on
biochemical evidence, binds and activates its receptors. (The Plant Cell Perspective paper
describing this was among the five papers awarded the Department’s “Best papers of 2014” price.)
This generates a signalling cascade resulting in the expression of cell wall remodeling and
degradation enzymes. Activation of LRR RLK receptors upon binding of secreted peptides is
emerging as major mechanism of cell-to-cell communication in plants.
A)
B)
IDA-HAE/HSL2 control cell separation events. A) The binding of the peptide ligand IDA to its
IDA-HAE/HSL2 control cell separation events. A) The binding of the peptide ligand IDA to its receptors HAE and
receptors HAE and HSL2 induce expression of cell wall remodeling (CWR) enzymes. B) IDAHSL2 induce expression of cell wall remodeling (CWR) enzymes. B) IDA-HAE/HSL2 is involved in cell separation
HAE/HSL2
is involved
in cell
during
abscission
after pollination
during
floral organ
abscission
afterseparation
pollination has
takenfloral
place,organ
and facilitates
the emergence
of lateralhas
root
taken
place,
and
facilitates
the
emergence
of
lateral
root
primordia
by
separating
cell in the
primordia by separating cell in the overlaying layers.
overlaying layers.
Although there are hundreds of genes encoding
initiative to strengthen research in evolutionary
receptors and secreted peptides, less than a dozen
developmental biology (evodevo) at the Univer­
Although
there are Intriguingly,
hundreds of IDA/IDL-HAE/
genes encoding receptors
and secreted
peptides,
less than
a dozen
have
been matched.
sity of Oslo.
The vision
is to develop
a strong
and
have
been
matched.
Intriguingly,
IDA/IDL-HAE/HSL
signalling
is
also
at
work
in
cell
separation
HSL signalling is also at work in cell separation
integrated research environment to identify the
processesininthe
theroot.
root.IDA
IDA
and
receptors
control basic
separation
of the
endodermal,
cortical of
and
processes
and
itsits
receptors
con­
structure,
evolution
and outcome
the
epidermal
cells
overlaying
lateral
root
primordia
and
facilitate
their
emergence.
Preliminary
trol separation of the endodermal, cortical and
genotype-phenotype relation on all levels from
evidence cells
suggest
that thislateral
signalling
module is involved
in numerous
cell-separation
epidermal
overlaying
root primor­
molecule
to whole organism
based processes,
on perspec­
like
root
cap
sloughing,
germination
and
seed
dispersal,
not
only
in
Arabidopsis
but also
in modern
other
dia and facilitate their emergence. Preliminary
tives from Waddington’s epigenetics
and
species,
including
important
crops.
Based
on
this
assumption
the
plant
group
has
joined
forces
evidence suggest that this signalling module is
evodevo. It is a goal to strengthen developmental
with experts
in phylogenetics
and botany
in the EVOGENE
section
to elucidate
involved
in numerous
cell-separation
processes,
biology and
establish
evodevo the
as aevolution
research of
disci­
cell
separation
processes
and
the
IDA-HAE/HSL
signalling
system.
This
exemplifies
the
like root cap sloughing, germination and seed
pline at UiO with a comparative macroevolution­
potential not
for only
synergy
in this new
section.
dispersal,
in Arabidopsis
but
also in other
ary perspective and emphasis on modelling and
species, including important crops. Based on this
systems biology.
assumption the plant group has joined forces
with experts in phylogenetics and botany in the
The Centre for Integrative Microbioal Evolution
EVOGENE section to elucidate the evolution of
(CIME) combines expertise in organismal and mo­
cell separation processes and the IDA-HAE/HSL
lecular biology involving taxonomy, phylogene­
signalling system. This exemplifies the potential
tics, genomics, epigenetics, ecology, evolutionary
2 for synergy in this new section.
biology and developmental biology with extensive
experience in different model systems to address
Research centers
fundamental questions of microbial evolution.
EVOGENE hosts the Centre for Epigenetics,
Development and Evolution (CEDE) and mem­
Microbial evolution comprises a continuum of
bers of EVOGENE are also central in prioritized
processes occurring with differing tempo and
inter-disciplinary research activities at the Faculty pace. In some cases such as in the context of
of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Centre for
eukaryotic microbes, the macroevolutionary
Integrative Microbial Evolution (CIME) and Centre
time frame involves hundreds of thousands if not
for Computational Inference in Evolutionary Life
millions of years. In the case of prokaryotes, one
Science (CELS).
can discuss changes happening at both the macroand microevolutionary levels with time frames
The Centre for Epigenetics, Development and
that may involve time spans from thousands of
Evolution (CEDE) is a new ”prioritized research
years to decades. The shortest time frames for mi­
area” at the Department of Biosciences and an
crobial evolution are manifest in the genesis and
RESEARCH
23
RESEARCH
24
dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determi­
nants where events are developing on a time scale
of a few years to months. Each of these systems
provides unique opportunities and challenges
to understanding and elucidating the mecha­
nisms driving microbial evolution. Moreover, the
basic tools for unravelling these systems exploit
shared technologies encompassing genomic and
post-genomic technologies, bioinformatics and
molecular-based phenotypic analyses. The center
is integrative due to the recognition that common
molecular mechanisms are operative and that
sub-disciplines of microbial biology no longer are
isolated fields of study.
expertise in organismal, evolutionary and mo­
lecular biology. A portfolio of selectively chosen
model systems enables us to address fundamental
questions on microbial biology in novel ways. In
conjunction
with this, we aim to develop new,
advanced methodologies to assist these studies.
It is essential that CIME bridge the cross-disci­
integrated
approach
to addressing
fundamental
questions in biology.
plinary
barriers
to create
and foster
an integrated
generate
an
environment
in
which
scientific
excellence
can be devel
approach to addressing fundamental questions
fostered.
in biology. The overarching goal is to generate an
environment in which scientific excellence can be
EVOGENE’s contribution to CIME is largely focused on bacterial s
developed, maintained and fostered.
integrated approach to addressing fundamental questions in biology. The overa
generate an environment in which scientific excellence can be developed, main
fostered.
adhesion to and colonization of human cells. Genetic, biochemical a
to study the biosynthesis, composition and structure of pili, the mole
EVOGENE’s
contribution
to CIME
is largely
growth and retraction
(required
for cellular
locomotion), and binding
focused
on bacterial
surface
organelles
required
An important
discovery
has been
glycosylation
of proteins in Neisse
for
adhesion
and colonization
of on
human
cells. of the bacteria m
contribute
tootoexcessive
variation in
the surface
immune system
to recognize
them. analysis is
Genetic,
biochemical
and structural
used to study the biosynthesis, composition and
In Yersiniaofspp.
that can cause serious e
structure
pili,and
theenteropathogenic
molecular basis E.
forcoli
pilus
and
Intimin
are
well
known
adhesin
virulence
factors. A novel mech
secretion, growth and retraction (required for
cell
surface,
termed
inverse
autotransport,
has
cellular locomotion), and binding of bacteriabeen
to established by E
mechanism proceeds via a hairpin intermediate, where the extracellu
human tissue. An important discovery has been
the protein is secreted in a stepwise manner through the pore of a be
glycosylation of proteins in Neisseria gonorrhea
which contribute too excessive variation in on the
surface of the bacteria making it difficult for the
host immune system to recognize them.
EVOGENE’s contribution to CIME is largely focused on bacterial surface orga
The mission of CIME is ultimately to understand
adhesion
to and colonization of human cells. Genetic, biochemical and structur
how microorganisms evolve and function as a
result
of interactions
at the molecular, composition
cellular,
to
study
the biosynthesis,
and structure of pili, the molecular basis
and community levels. Microbes are members of
growth
and retraction (required for cellular locomotion), and binding of bacteri
complex communities. It is through the study of
interactions
betweendiscovery
microorganisms
andbeen
their glycosylation of proteins in Neisseria gonorrh
An
important
has
environment that we can elucidate the roles and
contribute
too excessive variation in on the surface of the bacteria making it dif
relationships of genetic and phenotypic variation
immune
system
to recognize
them.
in shaping longand short-term
evolutionary
processes, spanning the continuum of evolution­
ary time ranging from organelle development,
via adaptation of microbial communities and the
molecular origin of pathogenicity, to antimicro­
bial resistance, which is currently emerging as a
serious threat to global human health. To achieve
this, we will execute cutting-edge research in
microbiology by uniting different biological and
biomedical disciplines. Our strength is to combine
In Yersinia spp. and enteropathogenic E. coli that can cause serious epidemics i
Yersinia spp. and enteropathogenic E. coli that
and Intimin are well known adhesinInvirulence
factors. A novel mechanism for s
can cause serious epidemics in humans, Invasin
cell surface, termed inverse autotransport,
has
established
by EVOGENE
and Intimin
are been
well known
adhesin virulence
factors. A novel mechanism
to the
mechanism proceeds via a hairpin intermediate,
where for
thesecretion
extracellular
portion
cell surface, termed inverse autotransport, has
the protein is secreted in a stepwise been
manner
through
the pore
of aThis
beta-barrel do
established
by EVOGENE
researchers.
Intimin-expressing E. coli binding to HeLa cells.
Intimin-expressing E. coli binding to HeLa cells.
Inverse autotransport. The beta-barrel is inserted into the
Inverse
autotransport.
The
beta-barrel
is the
inserted
into the outer mem
outer
membrane
(point 1),
and
secretion of
passenger
begins
withofthe
the hairpin
(point
2) at of the hairpin (
secretion
theformation
passengerofbegins
with the
formation
the N-terminus of the extracellular region, and folding
of individual domains of the extracellular region at the
cell surface provide the free energy for the export of the
polypeptide
(point 3). The C-terminus is secreted last to
yield a fully folded and functional adhesin (point 4).
Intimin-expressing E. coli binding to HeLa cells.
RESEARCH
25
mechanism proceeds via a hairpin intermediate,
where the extracellular portion (the passenger)
of the protein is secreted in a stepwise manner
through the pore of a beta-barrel domain.
Several journal clubs are active in the section, e.g
for evodevo, epigenetics, mycology and environ­
mental microbial diversity, and the section has
run a weekly seminar series.
The Centre for Computational Inference in
Evolutionary Life Science (CELS) will address
fundamental biological questions related to the
genotype-phenotype paradigm in an evolution­
ary context using a computational inference
approach. CELS brings together strong research
environments in biology and statistical and
computational methods for data analysis, and
will address fundamental biological questions
related to the genotype-phenotype paradigm, how
the environment affects genome evolution, and
development of methods for integrated analy­
sis of genomic and other biotic and abiotic data.
The overarching goal of CELS is to bring together
biology, statistics and computational sciences and
thereby paving the way for the development of
groundbreaking bioinformatical and statistical
methodology and for biological sciences. CELS’
aim is to develop interdisciplinary research activ­
ities generating science of true interest for stat­
isticians, bioinformaticians and biologists. CELS
has a systems biology perspective, thus different
types of data should be integrated in a common
framework to make it possible to establish links,
associations and causality with respect to the
underlying biological processes.
The 2nd Oslo Epigenetics Symposium was ar­
ranged by Paul Grini (EVOGENE) and Ragnhild
Eskeland (BMB) (oslo.epigentics.no) 9 - 11 April
2014. More than 200 participants from all over
the world could enjoy some of the most renowned
researchers in the field, covering topics from
chromatin structure and nuclear dynamics to epi­
genetic inheritance. Also the public showed great
interest in the event, and more than 150 people
participated in the public lecture and debate “Epi­
genetic inheritance - what is the impact”, held at
the historic ceremonial hall at the University.
Scientific and social events
Late in March 2014, almost 60 EVOGENE par­
ticipants packed their bags and went on a twoday seminar at the research station in Drøbak.
The event kicked-off the newly formed section
and in addition to scientific presentations from
all faculty staff, an emphasis was put on work
environment related issues and the organization
of the section. Last not least, the retreat was a big
success in terms of building social and scientific
bonds within the section.
The participation in the international synthetic
biology competition iGEM (“international Ge­
netically Engineered Machine”) has become an
important teaching activity within EVOGENE.
Within the competition, students engineer signal­
ling circuits and combine biosynthetic activities
using standardized biological parts. In 2014, the
student team was awarded a bronze medal at the
international iGEM finals in Boston.
Lamarckian word cloud: Epigenetic inheritance is often
associated with Lamarck and his famous giraffes. In
the public lecture of Oslo Epigenetics Symposium, a
panel of experts discussed the impact of epigenetics on
our understanding of inheritance.
RESEARCH
26
Section for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BMB)
www.mn.uio.no/ibv/english/research/sections/bmb
The Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biol­
ogy (BMB) consists of faculty members from the
previous Cell Biology, Protein, Integrative Biolo­
gy and Gene programs, altogether 11 permanent
scientific staff (FVA) and 15 project leaders/post­
doctoral fellows/researchers, as well as research
assistants, PhD students, and master students, in
total approximately 70 people.
Some recent research highlights
Some of the ongoing research in the section in­
clude studies of the 3D structures of peptides and
proteins using NMR and X-ray crystallography,
as well as advanced spectrometric techniques,
elucidating the mode of action of lactobacterial
antimicrobial peptides, screening of bacterial mu­
tants of interest by whole genome sequencing, the
study of protein-ligand interactions, studies on
enzymes involved in methylation of proteins and
methylation/demethylation of nucleic acids, im­
munoglobulin engineering, genetic and epigenetic
mechanisms of transcription factor action, and
molecular mechanisms of male/female specific
hormones in health and disease states.
The research in the section is dedicated to inves­
tigations of biochemical and molecular mecha­
nisms underlying various biological structures
and processes, such as DNA/protein structure
and function, immune regulation, chromatin
structure, and gene expression, in organisms
from bacteria to mammals. Some of the areas
that are covered include specific genes and whole
As an example, the Sandlie group studies the
genomes, how they are structured and control
structure and function of antibodies and T-cell
the development of whole organisms, enzymatic
receptors, the specific detecting molecules of
nucleic acid modifications and their role in gene the adaptive immune system. The purpose of
expression, transcription factors, structural and
the work is to engineer antibodies and antibody
functional analyses of key proteins in the cell,
derived molecules to be used in therapy and as
as research
reagents.Furthermore,
Furthermore,
one antibody receptor,
such as metal proteins, how antibodies work
research reagents.
one antibody
and can be improved, how antibacterial peptides alsoreceptor,
binds albumin;
thus
group
studies
the neonatal
Fc the
receptor
(FcRn),
also how FcRn bind
function, how male and female hormones work in
albumin; thusofthe
group studies
how FcRn bound to alb
and binds
biodistribution
albumin
and molecules
mammals, and key signalling pathways in cancer
binding regulates the serum half-life and bio­
cells. Advanced instrumentation and analytical
distribution of albumin and molecules bound to
methods are used in all these studies.
albumin.
The section has the responsibility for courses in
biochemistry, molecular biology, bioinformatics,
plant physiology, and cancer biology, and part­
ly in biostatistics, in the bachelor program as
well as more specific and advanced topics in the
master program, including laboratory courses in
biochemistry/molecular biology, physical bio­
chemistry, general and advanced immunology,
advanced cancer biology and eukaryotic genes
and genomes. The know-how and expertise that
the section represents are highly relevant for the
other sections at IBV, and also for research in oth­
er scientific fields. To a large extent bioche­mistry
and molecular biology have influenced fields like
regulates serum half-life of albumin and
biotechnology, medicine, pharmacy, nutrition FcRn FcRn
regulates
serum half-life of albumin and IgG. The residues s
IgG.
The
residues shown are involved in albumin
research, chemistry, biophysics and agricultural tryptophan residues
shown inresidues
red make
hydrophobic
binding. The tryptophan
shown
in red makecontacts with a
sciences, and are of importance for community
contactsthe
with
Histidine
166interaction.
in
168 inhydrophobic
rat FcRn regulate
pHalbumin.
dependence
of the
areas like medicine and health, agriculture, fishe­
human and histidine 168 in rat FcRn regulate the pH
ry and knowledge-based industry.
dependence of the interaction.
Proteins in blood are short lived and normally degrade wit
most abundant proteins, IgG and albumin, are rescued from
of three weeks. The rescue mechanism depends on their in
561
RESEARCH
27
Proteins in blood are short lived and normally
degrade within a few hours or days, but the two
most abundant proteins, IgG and albumin, are
rescued from degradation and have half-lives of
three weeks. The rescue mechanism depends on
their interaction with the neonatal Fc receptor
(FcRn), and it is crucial to understand how FcRn
rescues IgG and albumin, and to transfer long
half-life to therapeutics, using the same mecha­
nism. The Sandlie lab has worked in collaboration
with Novozymes Ltd, UK, which has filed several
patent applications and developed the Veltis®
technology, a set of human albumin variants with
greatly increased binding affinity for FcRn. Bio­
pharmaceuticals fused to a new albumin variant
can have half-life of months, which will decrease
dose, dozing frequency and toxic side effects of
drugs. In 2014, Sandlie group reported on the fine
mapping of the albumin FcRn interactions.
B
six previously uncharacterized human enzymes
(Songe-Møller et al., MCB, 2010, van den Born et
al., Nature Commun., 2011, Kernstock et al. Nature
Commun., 2012, Jakobsson et al., JBC, 2013, Davy­
dova et al., JBC, 2014, Malecki et al., JBC, 2015). A
strong current focus is on protein lysine methy­
lation, as the lab recently discovered a new family
of lysine specific methyltransferases, consisting
of ten human members. The substrates of these
enzymes encompass molecular chaperones (VCP
and Hsp70s), translation factors (eEF2), calmo­
dulin, DNA repair proteins (Kin17) and mitochon­
drial proteins (ETFβ) suggesting that they have
widespread important functions in the cell.
Another line of work in the section with signifi­
cant progress in 2014 involves hormonal regulation of transcription and intracellular signalling
pathways in cancer cells. Androgens, male sex
hormones, bind to an intracellular receptor, the
Various lines of work in the section are devoted to
androgen receptor (AR), that belongs to a super­
structural and functional characterization of profamily of ligand-activated transcription factors
teins. An example of this is the work in the Falnes
and affect the phenotype of the cell through
group which aims to unravel the biochemical
modulation of gene transcription. It is well es­
tablished that AR signalling is critical for normal
function of various enzymes for which no func­
tion has so far been assigned. The work focuses
prostate physiology, but also in prostate cancer
on enzymes involved in DNA/RNA demethyla­
in all its phases. The Saatcioglu group discovered
tion, tRNA
modification
protein
methylation,
a molecular
regulates stress
induced
DNA
repair
proteinsand
(Kin17)
and
mitochondrial
proteinsswitch
(ETFthat
�) suggesting
that
they have
reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in pros­
and since 2010,
they have assigned
a function
to
widespread
important
functions
in the cell.
MCAD
ETFß
A model for STAMP2 effects on growth and survival of
PCa cells. Once activated, AR increases STAMP2
3+ survival
Aexpression.
model for
STAMP2
effects
on
growth
Sites
methylation
in ETFβ.
lysines
in ETFβ,
STAMP2
catalyzes
reduction
of and
Fesubject
to Fe2+, to METTL20Sitesofof
methylation
in Two
ETFβ.
Two
lysines in ETFβ,
Lys200
and
Lys203,
are
ofalso
PCadepleting
cells. Once
activated,
increases
STAMP2
Lys200 and Lys203, are subject to METTL20-mediated
NADPH
levels,AR
which
increases
ROS.
mediated methylation
(Malecki
et al.
JBC, 2015).
TheseSTAMP2
lysines
areATF4
localized
the so-called
expression.
catalyzes
reduction
ofnearby
Fe3+ to
methylation
(Malecki et al. JBC,
2015). These
lysines
Increased ROS
then activate
expression
which
in
“recognition
loop”
which
is
responsible
for
mediating
interaction
of
ETFβ
with
various
dehydrogenases,
turn also
activates
target NADPH
genes that
adapt
PCaincreases
cells to
Fe2+,
depleting
levels,
which
are localized nearby the so-called “recognition loop”
oxidative
stress ROS
resulting
in cell ATF4
proliferation
and
ROS.
Increased
then activate
expression
which
is responsible
for mediating
of dehydrogenase).
such as
MCAD (medium
chaininteraction
acyl-CoA
survivalin(Yang
al., 2015).target genes that adapt PCa
which
turn et
activates
ETFβ with various dehydrogenases, such as MCAD
(medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase).
cells to oxidative stress resulting in cell proliferation
and survival (Yang et al., 2015).
Another line of work in the section with significant progress in 2014 involves hormonal
Another linepathways
of significantinprogress
2014
has been by the Metalloprotein group
regulation of transcription and intracellular signalling
cancerfrom
cells.
Androgens,
combines different biochemical and biophysical methods to study the structure and
male sex hormones, bind to an intracellular receptor, the androgen receptor (AR), that
of metallo-, radical- and redox proteins. A special focus is on proteins involved in ox
belongs to a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription
factors
and affect
the
of studies on different di
activation and electron
transfer.
In 2014
thephenotype
group continued
the cell through modulation of gene transcription.
It isflavin
wellproteins.
established
signalling
is
haem, and
One of that
these AR
systems
is ribonucleotide
reductase, which r
RESEARCH
28
tate cancer cells. This switch is modulated by the
AR induced six transmembrane protein STAMP2
expression, which is found in the endoplasmic
reticulum and shuttles between the Golgi and
the plasma membrane. STAMP2 reduces iron,
regulates NADPH levels, as well as affecting levels
of the transcription factor ATF4 that is involved
in stress signaling (Jin et al., 2015). Through these
activities, STAMP2 is essential for prostate cell
growth in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, system­
ic nanoliposomal STAMP2 siRNA delivery results
in profound regression of human prostate tumors
growing in immunodeficient mice, suggesting
that it could be a bona fide therapeutic target for
prostate cancer (Jin et al., 2015).
Another line
of significant progress from 2014 has
been by the Metalloprotein group which combines
different biochemical and biophysical methods
to study the structure and function of metallo-,
radical- and redox proteins. A special focus is on
proteins involved in oxygen activation and elec­
tron transfer. In 2014 the group continued studies
on different di-metal, haem, and flavin proteins.
One of these systems is ribonucleotide reductase,
which reduces the ribonucleotides to deoxyribo­
nucleoties. A highlight was that the group solved
the structure of a protein complex between ribo­
nucleotide reductase NrdF and its redox partner
protein NrdI. The NrdI activates the NrdF by shut­
tling a superoxide to the NrdF active site through
a closed channel generated by the complex. It was
also shown that
this channel
is regulated
by the
The crystal
structure
of the complex
between
type of metalribonucleotide
atoms used by
NrdF. NrdF and the flavodoxin-like
reductase
protein NrdI from Bacillus cereus.
BMB also organized, in
Molecular Medicine, O
2014 (14-16 May, 2014
biology and translation
Norwegian Minister of
as some other research
scientists, clinicians, a
attended.
The crystal structure of the complex between
Theribonucleotide
crystal structure
of the
between
reductase
NrdFcomplex
and the flavodoxin-like
ribonucleotide
reductase
protein NrdI from
BacillusNrdF
cereus.and the flavodoxin-like
protein NrdI from Bacillus cereus.
BMB also organized, in collaboration with Norwegian Centre of
BMB also organized, in collaboration with Norwegian
Molecular Medicine, Oslo Prostate Cancer Symposium (OPCAS)
Centre of Molecular Medicine, Oslo Prostate Cancer
2014 (14-16 May, 2014) which featured world leaders in the basic
Symposium (OPCAS) 2014 (14-16 May, 2014) which
biology and translational/clinical
aspects
of prostate
featured
world
leaderscancer.
in the basic biology and
Norwegian Minister of Health,translational/clinical
Mr. Bent Høie gave aaspects
talk, asof
well
prostate cancer.
as some other research leadersNorwegian
in Norway Minister
and abroad.
About Mr.
140 Bent Høie gave a
of Health,
scientists, clinicians, and students
17 different
countries
talk,from
as well
as some other
research leaders in Norway
and abroad. About 140 scientists, clinicians, and
attended.
students from 17 different countries attended.
RESEARCH
29
Section for Physiology and Cell Biology (FYSCELL)
www.mn.uio.no/ibv/english/research/sections/fyscell
The Section for Physiology and Cell biology
(FYSCELL) is a research and learning environ­
ment which focuses on the way in which living
animals, including humans, function, and how
living organisms adapt to their environment
on a molecular, cellular, organic and individual
level. The understanding of cellular processes
and physiological function of living animals,
including humans, is key in the section’s research
and teaching efforts. The section includes seven
permanent scientific staff, five adjunct professors,
seven engineers and more than 40 PhDs and post­
doctoral research fellows and 15 master students.
Our research interests range from understanding
fundamental principles of cell biology and physio­
logical processes to the interface with biomedicine
to develop improved treatments of diseases, and
spans multiple levels from posttranslational modi­
fication of proteins to mechanisms of complex
behaviours. Molecular mechanisms of cell traffic­
king and membrane function are essential to un­
derstand how proteins are transported to specific
locations within the cell or on the cell membrane
where they play key roles in e.g. cellular signal­
ling and immune regulation. Infection biology,
identifying mechanisms on how bio-nanoparticles
can be used to carry drugs for improved treatment
of disease in animal models is an active research
area. Other focus areas are neurobiology and
comparative physiology with investigations on
muscle biology, hypoxia tolerance in vertebrates,
information processing and brain plasticity. In
addition to model organisms such as rodents, ze­
bra- and medaka-fish, we utilize biodiversity, i.e.
animal models with anatomical or physiological
characters that make them superior for studying
particular functions.
Muscle memory
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of
how muscle activity alters muscle properties
such as speed, endurance and strength/size is the
research focus of Kristian Gundersen’s research
group. Recently the group has described the bio­
logical foundation for the phenomenon of muscle
memory, the finding that previously strengthtrained individuals easily regain strength. Upon
resuming training cell nuclei in the muscle fibers
are not being lost during detraining and inactivity
such as believed previously. By in vivo imaging
methods they showed that strength training
seems to recruit new muscle nuclei form stem
cells, and these nuclei seems to be permanent.
Furthermore, the group recently demonstrated
that anabolic steroids recruit nuclei and hence
doping might have permanent effects. The group
also works on several transcription factor systems
such as myogenic helix-loop-helix molecules,
PPAR∂Δ and HIF-1.
Muscle fiber with cell
nuclei imaged inside
the living animal
Muscle fiber with cell nuclei imaged inside the living animal
Adaptiations to extreme conditions
Investigations on comparative respiratory and circulatory physiology and comparative
RESEARCH
30
Adaptiations to extreme conditions
Investigations on comparative respiratory and
circulatory physiology and comparative neuro­
biology have been the research focus of Göran
Nilsson’s group for some 20 years. Three areas
are presently in focus: 1) Mechanisms that allows
vertebrates to survive with little or no oxygen; 2)
Effects of elevated temperature and CO2 on respi­
ratory performance in fish; 3) Brain correlates to
social behaviour and stress in fish. The methods
used in these projects include molecular proce­
dures such as cloning and sequencing of relevant
genes, in vitro expression of relevant proteins,
expressional analysis of mRNA (micro arrays and
real-time PCR) and proteins (2D gels and West­
ern blot). Physiological studies are done using
respirometry, in vivo and in vitro cardiovascular
measurements, microdialysis, electrophysiology,
and immunohistochemistry.
At least half of all projects are carried out through
international collaborations, and our collaborators
include research groups in Europe, Canada, USA,
Australia, South Africa, Namibia and Abu Dhabi.
National collaborators range from the Department
of Thorax Surgery at Ullevål Hospital to the Nor­
wegian Aquaculture industry. This research group
has contributed articles in international journals
that has been cited over 6000 times, and about 20
books or book chapters. In addition, the findings
are regularly presented in both national and inter­
national news media and science magazines.
to ambient oxygen levels, characterization of the
molecular mechanisms of ethanol production in
a vertebrate, and demonstrating that animals can
use GABA-mediated endogenous anaesthesia to
reduce brain energy use.
Fish in a warmer future: effects of elevated temperature and CO2 on respiratory performance in coral reef
fish and Atlantic salmon
After having studied the ability of coral reef fish
to cope with low oxygen levels, the focus is now
turned to effects of elevated temperatures and
CO2 on brain function and the aerobic scope of
fish. Aerobic scope is the difference between
resting and maximal rate of oxygen uptake and
determines how much energy can be devoted to
activities like feeding and reproduction. So far,
the results show that some coral reef fish lose vir­
tually all of their aerobic scope when exposed to a
3 °C increase in water temperature, and this situa­
tion can be worsened by an increase in the water
CO2 level corresponding to that estimated to occur
in about 100 years. The group has recently shown
that neurotransmitter function in fish brain can
be directly affected by a near-future increase in
water CO2 level, with drastic effects of behaviour.
A research grant from NFR-HAVBRUK, has al­
lowed these studies to include temperature effects
on aerobic scope in Atlantic salmon from different
latitudes (from Bretagne to Finnmark), allowing
us to evaluate how this important aquaculture
species will cope with a warmer future.
Mechanisms of hypoxia and anoxia tolerance
Adaptations to variable oxygen levels in the
brain, heart and respiratory organs are studied
in various vertebrates. Of special interest are
those animals that show an extraordinary high
tolerance to anoxia. These include the crucian
carp (no: karuss) and freshwater turtles of the
genera Trachemys and Chrysemys. Obviously, the
existence of such species shows that evolution
solved the problem of anoxic survival millions of
years ago - something that medical science has
attempted to do with very limited success during
the last decades. It may be relevant to point out
that anoxia related diseases are the most common
causes of death in the western world.
Brain correlates to social behaviour and stress in fish
Several years ago we could show that brain mono­
aminergic neurotransmitters, particularly sero­
tonin and dopamine are intimately connected to
stress reactions in fish, including socially induced
stress. Our focus is now on the role of neurogen­
esis (formation of new brain cells) in stress reac­
tions in fish and how neurogenesis is controlled.
These studies, which are largely carried out in
collaboration with the Norwegian University of
Life Sciences and Uppsala University, have shown
that stress reduces neurogenesis in the brain of
salmonid fish, and that cortisol appears to play a
key modulatory role in fish neurogenesis.
Some key findings in these projects include the
demonstration of a vertebrate heart that maintain
cardiac output without any oxygen, revealing the
capacity of fish to remodel their gills in response
Neurobiology
A major challenge in neuroscience is to under­
stand neural mechanisms underlying complex
behaviours. How we perceive the world is heavily
RESEARCH
31
influenced by our previous experiences and state
of mind. After embryonic development of neural
circuits, adequate sensory experiences are neces­
sary to refine the neural circuit into a functional
unit that can serve its purpose. During this time of
postnatal development, the juvenile brain is espe­
cially sensitive to stimulation and complete reor­
ganization of brain areas can occur e.g. with short
periods of sensory deprivation during this period.
Such critical period plasticity ends quite abruptly
when the animal turns into adulthood when brain
plasticity is significantly reduced compared to the
juvenile state. What are the mechanisms limiting
adult plasticity and how can new memories form
in seconds at the same time as long-term mem­
ories are stored for long periods of time? These
are questions addressed in projects headed by
Marianne Fyhn where we investigate underlying
principles of brain plasticity and information
processing during sensory perception, defensive
behaviours and learning and memory processing.
To achieve this we use behavioural paradigms in
combination with electrophysiological ­recordings
of large populations of neurons, two-photon
laser-scanning microscopy of genetically labelled
neurons through a chronic cranial window, and
genetic tools for cell type-specific genetic interfe­
rence (optogenetics) of neural activity.
In order to understand sensory information
processing in awake behaving animals we use
primarily the visual system as a model struc­
ture. Whereas most of what we know about the
workings of the visual system is revealed through
investigations of anaesthetised animals we study
the processes as they appear in the awake and be­
having animal. Comparing the activity of neurons
during anesthesia and behaviour reveals funda­
mental differences in neural processing. The visu­
al system is also the most studied brain region for
critical period plasticity and we therefore experi­
mentally induce activity-dependent plasticity by
sensory manipulations or by learning paradigms.
This allows for direct assessments of plasticity
processes as they occur in the brain and we can
study cell-type specific and neural network con­
tributions to these processes. A research focus of
the group has lately been to investigate a potential
substrate for limiting adult brain plasticity and
stabilization of memories in the brain, namely
perineuronal nets, a special type of condensed
extracellular matrix molecules. These structures
condense around a group of inhibitory neurons
that play a key role in information processing and
synchronizing neural activity. They are shown to
play a role in brain plasticity and learning in some
brain areas. We investigate their roles in activity
dependent plasticity in the visual system of the
brain as well as in the structures of the brain
involved with encoding of episodic memories, the
hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. The latter­
brain areas are where spatially tuned neurons
underlying our sense of direction are found. The
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014 was
awarded to J O’Keefe (University College London)
and MB and E Moser (NTNU) for the discoveries
of ‘place cells’ in the hippocampus and ‘grid cells’
in the entorhinal cortex. How perineuronal nets
are involved in memory processing in these brain
areas remain unknown and is a key interest in
our research projects.
In order to understand the mechanisms of brain
function, multilevel analyses is necessary from
molecular mechanisms to the complex com­
putations of neurons in neural networks. We
have therefore teamed up with research groups
in computational physics and mathematics in
a newly established interdisciplinary research
initiative, Center for Integrative Neuroplasticity
(CINPLA, see below) supported by the MN faculty.
In CINPLA we use computational modelling in
combination with empirical data to understand
brain function at multiple scales.
Specialized extracellular matrix molecules (green) condense around a specific neurons (re
Specialized extracellular matrix molecules (green)
condense around a specific neurons (red) in the brain.
Nanoparticles for improved treatment of diseases using the zebrafish
Normal administration of drugs used to treat diseases such as cancer or tube
systemic treatment where the drugs reach the target sites as well as the rest o
leads to many side effects, including drug toxicity. An attractive alternative
encapsulating the drugs inside biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) made, for
polymers, lipids or peptides. These NPs are then targeted by various mechan
RESEARCH
32
Nanoparticles for improved treatment of diseases
using the zebrafish
Normal administration of drugs used to treat
diseases such as cancer or tuberculosis involves
systemic treatment where the drugs reach the
target sites as well as the rest of the body. This
leads to many side effects, including drug toxicity.
An attractive alternative involves encapsulating
the drugs inside biodegradable nanoparticles
(NPs) made, for example from polymers, lipids or
peptides. These NPs are then targeted by various
mechanisms to the diseased sites, thereby greatly
reducing side effects and also the dosing frequen­
cy. Although a few NPs are on the market to treat
humans, mostly for cancer, there are many tech­
nical barriers that need to be overcome. We have
introduced the transparent zebrafish embryo as
a model that allows fluorescent NPs and diseased
cells to be simultaneously visualized in real time,
at high resolution. For this we have focused (with
our collaborators) on three different diseas­
es: 1) Tuberculosis, using the fish TB pathogen
Mycobacterium marinum; 2) Human cancer cells,
which when injected into the zebrafish embryos
form tumors, and 3) A set of bacterial diseases of
aquaculture fish caused by different species of
Francisella bacteria.
Intracellular membrane traffic in immune cells
The endocytic pathway in cells is divided into dif­
ferent compartments according to their function
and membrane associated proteins. To ensure
directionality and communication between these
compartments they are specifically regulated
through their intra endosomal interaction.
The research group of Oddmund Bakke, a mem­
ber of the CoE CIR (Centre of immune regulation,
http://www.med.uio.no/cir/) has for many years
studied the specific communication between the
endosomal compartments, how they “mature”
and how they interact and which addresses or
sorting signals the molecules contain to enter
intracellular compartments. To study this we use
live cell imaging and measure the dynamic life of
endosomes by fluorescently labelling our proteins
of interest. By doing this we have discovered an
intricate set of downstream and upstream endo­
somal feedback mechanisms that can specifically
regulate the fate of important cell membrane
receptors and control immunological functions of
immune cells.
In immune cells which contain both the MHCI and
the MHCII molecules, we have studied how these
molecules are sorted and meet foreign or endog­
enous antigens. This information we have used
to engineer a protein that contain cancer specific
epitopes, and this leads to increased immunity
towards the cancer antigen. In collaboration with
the University Hospital the plan is to follow up
this potential cancer vaccine by clinical studies
and test whether an observed biological response
in our experiments can also lead to a clinical re­
sponse in cancer patients.
In addition, we work on the molecular regulatory
mechanisms of intracellular transport, a study
lead by Cinzia Progida and we have found how
cellular migration is combined with molecules in­
volved in intracellular membrane traffic (see high­
lights below). Migration is an essential property
of the immune dendritic cells and to elucidate
properties of this cell is a main project goal of for
our research group.
Glycobiology and cell polarity
Most proteins are modified after synthesis by
glycans (complex sugars like N-glycans, O-gly­
cans and glycosaminoglycans) in the secretory
pathway, in order to regulate transport pathways
and functions. Glycan structures associated to
proteins may promote or limit cancer, inflamma­
tion and other immunological processes. Further­
more, glycan-modified proteins in the central
nervous system seem to play a role in regulating
brain plasticity and neuronal function. The glycan
part of several glycoproteins and proteoglycans
is shown to be responsible for their localization
to the correct cell surface in epithelial cells and
neurons.
The research group of Kristian Prydz studies cel­
lular mechanisms of glycosylation in the secreto­
ry pathway of epithelial cells and skin fibroblasts.
The latter are derived from patients with genetic
defects in a variety of glycosylation mechanisms.
In epithelial cells they have discovered that
heparan sulfate proteoglycans moving through a
specialized basolateral secretory route are priori­
tized with respect to sulfation, when the supply of
nucleotide sulfate (PAPS) gets low. The underlying
mechanisms are investigated. In skin fibroblasts
a subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase (OST)
complex that seems to regulate the supply of
RESEARCH
The second project reports how an expected increase in water temperature affe
parameters such as heart function in salmon populations.
Rab GTPases: roles in membrane trafficking and beyond
A cell is a small living unit made up of different subunits, called organelles, wh
33 fu
together in keeping it alive. All the organelles, in order to ensure the correct
need to be connected to communicate and exchange their content. Rab protein
regulators
of Both
thisprojects
process,
knownin order
as "intracellular
trafficking".
More than 60 R
N-glycans is studied.
study mecha­
to ensure the correct functioning
of a
nisms that are highly relevant in comparison of
cell, need to be connected to communicate and
described
in human cells, and each
Rab plays a different role in the intracellula
normal and transformed cancer cells.
exchange their content. Rab proteins are master
of this process,
as ”intracellu­
have previously reported that theregulators
function
of oneknown
of this
protein, Rab7b, is the r
Research highlights
lar trafficking”. More than 60 Rab proteins are
transport
from
endosomes
Golgiin apparatus.
To Rab
obtain
The span in research
activities
in FYSCELL is to thedescribed
human cells, and each
plays a a better understand
reflected in the two projects described below
different role in the intracellular transport. We
function,
we recently searched for
proteins that interact with Rab7b, helping it
that both were published in high ranked journals
have previously reported that the function of one
in their fields. The
first describes
the molecular
this protein,
Rab7b, is the regulation
the
function.
Using
the Yeast
Two- ofHybrid
technology,
we ofdiscovered
that Rab7b
mechanisms of intracellular transports and their
transport from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus.
with
the motor
protein
myosin II.
We ademonstrated
that
links to organization
of the
cell’s cytoskeleton.
To obtain
better understanding of
Rab7bthis
func­ interaction is impo
The second project reports how an expected
tion, we recently searched for proteins that inter­
transport
of Rab7b-positive endosomes,
as myosin II depletion or inhibition alt
increase in water temperature affects physiolog­
act with Rab7b, helping it to perform its function.
ical parameters such
as heart function in depletion
salmon
Using
Yeast Two- destroys
Hybrid technology,
dynamics.
Interestingly,
oftheRab7b
theweactin cytoskeleton and
populations.
discovered that Rab7b directly interacts with the
migration and cell adhesion, indicating
Rab7b
is also that
important for actin o
motor proteinthat
myosin
II. We demonstrated
Rab GTPases: roles in membrane trafficking and
this interaction is important for the transport of
several
processes where actin cytoskeleton
remodelling is involved. Taken toge
beyond
Rab7b-positive endosomes, as myosin II depletion
A cell is a small living
unit made
of different
orrole
inhibition
Rab7b
dynamics. Interestingly,
identifies
a new
andupunexpected
foralters
Rab
proteins
in the organisation of the
subunits, called organelles, which contribute
depletion of Rab7b destroys the actin cytoskele­
and
points
toit alive.
thus-far-undescribed
links
between
intracellular
together
in keeping
All the organelles,
ton and
inhibits
cell migration
and cell adhesion, transport and cyt
indicating that Rab7b is also important for actin
dynamics.
organisation and for several processes where
actin cytoskeleton remodelling is involved. Taken
together, our work identifies a new and unexpect­
ed role for Rab proteins in the organisation of the
actin cytoskeleton and points to thus-far-unde­
scribed links between intracellular transport and
cytoskeleton dynamics.
Fish physiology under global change
The Nilsson research group has for a long time
studied adaptations to variable oxygen levels in in
fish, particularly in the brain, heart and respira­
tory organs. This has involved both a fish from
our cold north, the crucian carp, which shows an
extreme tolerance to low oxygen levels, and can
survive without any oxygen for months during
the cold winter, and fish from tropical reefs. A
recent project that rendered Cathrine Fagernes
her PhD in 2014 is focused on the exotic capacity
of the crucian carp to produce ethanol rather than
lactic acid when making energy anaerobically.
A key finding in Cathrine’s project was that a
genome duplication event a few million years ago
allowed evolution to play with extra copies of the
genes coding for the pyruvate dehydrogenase
complex. Some of these copies have mutated into
a pyruvate decarboxylase – the first ever found in
a vertebrate. This enzyme has acquired a function
allowing ethanol production through a pathway
largely analogous to that found in brewers’ yeast a remarkable example of convergent evolution.
Image
ofcell’s
thecytoskeletal
cell’s cytoskeletal
Image of the
organization andorganization and the location of Rab7b (Front page of Journal
the location of Rab7b (Front page of Journal of cell
permission
The company of Biologists Ltd)
Science. By permission The company of Biologists Ltd)
Reference: Borg M, Bakke O, Progida C. A novel
Reference:
Borg
O,
Progida
C. A novel interaction between Rab7b and actomyosin r
interaction between
Rab7bM,
and Bakke
actomyosin
reveals
a
dual
role
in
intracellular
transport
and
cell
migration.
intracellular
transport and cell migration. J Cell Sci. 2014 127(22):4927-39.
J Cell Sci. 2014 127(22):4927-39.
Fish physiology under global change
The Nilsson research group has for a long time studied adaptations to variable
RESEARCH
34
of the crucian carp to produce ethanol rather than lactic acid when
A key finding in Cathrine’s project was that a genome duplication
allowed evolution to play with extra copies of the genes coding fo
complex. Some of these copies have mutated into a pyruvate deca
in a vertebrate. This enzyme has acquired a function allowing etha
pathway largely analogous to that found in brewers’ yeast - a rem
Over the last years, the research group has also
Infrastructure
evolution.
studied how fish will cope with a warmer and
Advanced microscopy and imaging techniques
more acidified future. The studies have included
are central to many of the research projects
Over
the last years, the research
group has also studied how fish w
collaborations with Australian and Canadian re­
and core facilities for sub-cellular imaging, the
search groups
and involvedfuture.
both tropical
and tem­
nationalhave
infrastructure
platform, NorMIC
Oslo,
more
acidified
The
studies
included
collaborations
w
perate fishes. It soon became clear that some coral
including electron microscopy (EM lab) is located
reef fish lose virtually
all of their
for oxygen in
the section. The
facility
is parttemperate
of Nor BioIma­ fishes. I
research
groups
andscope
involved
both
tropical
and
uptake when exposed to a 3 °C increase in water
ging a national network aiming at strengthening
coral
reef
losecanvirtually
of their
scope
for oxygen
temperature,
and fish
this situation
be worsened all
imaging
in Norway.
Nor BioImaging
is a member uptake w
by an increase in the water CO level correspond­
EuroBioImaging, an ESFRI network set up to
in
water
temperature,
and
this ofstrengthen
situation
can be worsened by an inc
ing to
that estimated
to occur in about 100
years.
imaging within Europe. Nor BioIm­
A particularly worrying aspect of the results was
aging is organized in a network with nodes in all
corresponding
to that estimated
to occur in about 100 years. A par
that a doubling of the water CO content lead to
university cities in Norway, and together these
striking neural
and behavioural
changes in the of nodes
all present
within molecu­
results
was
that a doubling
the cover
water
COmodalities
2 content lead to strikin
fishes due to interference with neurotransmitter
lar imaging. The NorMIC Imaging Platform at the
changes
in the
due to interference
with
fun
functions. A research
grantfishes
from NFR-HAVBRUK,
Institute for Biosciences
(IBV)neurotransmitter
together with its
allowed these studies to include temperature
sister node the Radium Hospital in Oslo are spe­
NFR-HAVBRUK,
allowed
to include
temperature
e
effects on heart function in Atlantic
salmon from these
cializedstudies
microscopy units
for the study of
live and
its southernmost and northernmost distribution
fixed cells. Partly due to an infrastructure RCN
Atlantic
salmon from its southernmost
and northernmost distribut
limits. Here the results gave some hope for the
grant we have an excelent instrumentation park
future since
their paper
in Nature Com­
confocal
laser scanning in
micro­
some
hope
forpublished
the future
sinceincluding
theirseveral
paper
published
Nature Co
munications in 2014 showed that salmon from
scopes, total internal reflection (TIRF) microscopy,
Bretagne
in France and
salmon Bretagne
from Finnmark inin electron
microscopy
sensitivefrom
wide-fieldFinnmark i
that
salmon
from
France
and (EM),
salmon
northern Norway virtually have the same toler­
fluorescence microscopy and optical tweezers.
have
thetemperatures,
same tolerance
to high temperatures, al least when it com
ance to high
al least when it comes
to heart function. Indeed, the hearts of the Finn­
The organization of the Imaging Platform as a
hearts
of the Finnmark population
appeared to function quite well
mark population appeared to function quite well
core facility implies that all researchers in Nor­
at water temperatures as high as 27 °C.
way are welcome users at equal terms through
as
27 °C.
our booking system. The Imaging Platform offers
2
2
courses, expertise, use of confocal instruments
after booking/availability (new users will need to
go through training/assessment procedure) and
access to immuno-EM techniques.
Scientific collaboration, representation and
outreach
Scientific work in the FYSCELL is regularly
presented at international conferences and our
researchers are invited to give talks about their
research at national and international confer­
ences, universities, societies and organizations as
well as national media and the daily press.
The crucian carp – a Norwegian fish that has
been found to make its own ethanol in a way
very similar to that used by breweries.
Reference: Anttila K, Couturier CS, Øverli Ø,
Johnsen A, Marthinsen G, Nilsson GE, Farrell
AP Atlantic salmon show capability for cardiac
acclimation to warm temperetures. Nature
Comminication (2014) 5:4252.
The crucian carp – a Norwegian fish that has been found to make its own ethan
by breweries.
BioImaging is organized in a network with nodes in all university cities in Norway, and together
these nodes cover all present modalities within molecular imaging. The NorMIC Imaging
Platform at the Institute for Biosciences (IBV) together with its sister node the Radium Hospital
in Oslo are specialized microscopy units for the study of live and fixed cells. Partly due to an
infrastructure RCN grant we have an excelent instrumentation park including several confocal
laser scanning microscopes, total internal reflection (TIRF) microscopy, electron microscopy
ELMI
2014
improve education in life sciences. Several of
(EM),
sensitive wide-field fluorescence microscopy and opticaland
tweezers.
organization
of the Imaging
Platform
as a core facility
all researchers
in Norway
ImThe
May,
2014, NorMIC
Oslo and
in particular
the implies
the that
CINPLA
researchers
are key contributors to
are
welcome
users
at
equal
terms
through
our
booking
system.
The
Imaging
Platform
offers
th
Bakke group organized the 14 annual meeting of
the MN flagship prosject ‘Computing in Science
courses, expertise, use of confocal instruments after booking/availability (new users will need to
the
Light Microscopy
Initiative
(ELMI)
Education’
(CSE) which has succeeded to include
goEuropean
through training/assessment
procedure)
and access
to immuno-EM
techniques.
with more than 400 participants from all over the
computing as natural tool for students in physics,
world. Key note speakers were all in the frontiers
mathematics and informatics from the first se­
collaboration,
and outreach
inScientific
microscopy
coveringrepresentation
recent achievements
in
mester. CINPLA will contribute to implement CSE
Scientific work in the FYSCELL is regularly presented at international conferences and our
the
light
microscopy.
http://www.mn.uio.no/
in the
programs
at the IBV in order to
researchers are invited to give talks about their research at national
andbachelor
international
conferences,
ibv/forskning/aktuelt/arrangementer/konferans­
increase
of the mathematical and
universities, societies and organizations as well as national media
and the understanding
daily press.
er/2014/elmi2014/
physical principles underlying biological process­
ELMI 2014
es as well as obtain generic computational tools
Im May, 2014, NorMIC Oslo and in particular the Bakke group organized the 14th annual
Strategic
research
initiatives
thatmore
are than
essential
professional skills in research
meeting of the European Light Microscopy Initiative (ELMI) with
400 participants
The
section
leading
the Centre
for Integrative
or elsewhere
in covering
society.recent
The four PhD students
from
all overisthe
world. Key
note speakers
were all in the frontiers
in microscopy
achievements in the
light microscopy.
Neuroplasticity
(CINPLA;
cinpla.org) and Studies
that were hired in 2014 will use their compulso­
ofhttp://www.mn.uio.no/ibv/forskning/aktuelt/arrangementer/konferanser/2014/elmi2014/
post-translational modifications (MODIPROT)
ry work to implement the educational program
that
are strategic
research
initiatives
at
the
MN
‘Computing in Science Education’ in the bachelor
Strategic research initiatives
faculty
and IBV,
respectively.
mastercinpla.org)
programs
The section
is leading
the Centre for Integrative Neuroplasticityand
(CINPLA;
andat IBV.
Studies of post-translational modifications (MODIPROT) that are strategic research initiatives at
the MN faculty and IBV, respectively.
MODIPROT is an IBV initiative to initiate new and
further develop existing projects in the area of
co- and post-translational modification of pro­
teins. Most plant and animal proteins are modified
during or after synthesis of their polypeptide
chains in the ribosomes. Such modifications may
be reversible or irreversible and can direct the
Center for Integrative Neuroplasticity (CINPLA) is a strategic reseach
initiative
proteins
to thebringing
correcttogether
cellular or bodily compart­
experimental neurobiology and computational physics in order ment
to understand
fundamental
and/or fine-tune the biological activity of
principles of brain plasticity and information processing.
Center for Integrative Neuroplasticity (CINPLA) is
enzymes, hormones and other proteins or influ­
CINPLA is composed of researchers from from the IBV, Department of Physics, Department of
a strategic
initiative
bringing
ex­ and
ence
their
half-time.University
The most common modifica­
Informaticsreseach
and associated
partners
from thetogether
Medical Faculty
from
the Norwegian
perimental
neurobiology
computational
phys­
of Life Sciences.
CINPLA isand
a platform
for an integrated
experimental,
computational,
tions are
acetylation,and
glycosylation, methylation,
to addressfundamental
neural plasticityprinciples
at multiple levels.
The scientific goalsumoylation,
is
icstheoretical
in orderapproach
to understand
phosphorylation,
ubiquitinylation
to identify and characterize molecular, cellular, and network contributions to plasticity and
of brain plasticity and information processing.
and various modifications by lipid structures.
to develop computational and theoretical tools to understand these processes on multiple scales.
MODIPROT
is motivated
by and takes advantage
In order to achieve this, CINPLA integrates experimental biology
and computational
modelling
CINPLA is composed of researchers from from
of the establishment and continuous development
20 the
of the mass spectrometry (MS) proteomics unit,
IBV, Department of Physics, Department of
Informatics and associated partners from the
since many of these modifications may be precise­
Medical Faculty and from the Norwegian Uni­
ly detected by MS. The imaging facility is also of
versity of Life Sciences. CINPLA is a platform for
use for several exisiting and potential MODIPROT
an integrated experimental, computational, and
projects.
theoretical approach to address neural plasticity
at multiple levels. The scientific goal is to identify
Göran Nilsson and Kristian Prydz (leader) are
and characterize molecular, cellular, and network
MODIPROT participants from Section of Physio­
contributions to plasticity and to develop compu­
logy and Cell Biology, while Winnie Eskild, Pål
tational and theoretical tools to understand these
Falnes, Odd Gabrielsen, Fahri Saatcioglu, Inger
processes on multiple scales. In order to achieve
Sandlie and Bernd Thiede are participants from
this, CINPLA integrates experimental biology
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
and computational modelling through collabora­
tive PhD projects that promote interdisciplinary
The first MODIPROT PhD student, Ravi Adusumal­
interactions and deliver groundbreaking research.
li, started in September 2014 and the next student
CINPLA’s efforts are strongly anchored to develop
will start in the summer of 2015.
RESEARCH
35
DEGREES AND
COURSES
4
Degrees and Courses
36
The Department of Biosciences at the University
of Oslo is, in terms of the number of students and
courses offered, the largest bioscience depart­
ment in Norway. We offer two Bachelor’s degree
programs, 3 Master’s degree programs and PhD
degree.
Altogether 24 different bachelor and 44 master
courses, 29 PhD courses as cloned master courses
and 2 PhD courses were given in 2014.
A new master course in 2014 was the preparation
for and participation in the IGEM -International
Genetically Engineered Machine. Five students
from IBV and other departments at the MN Facul­
ty attended the course and the competition in
Boston. This was a big success and the team met
a lot of attention at UiO and in the press.
The department also focuses attention on inter­
nationalization, and we encourage our students
to take semesters abroad. In 2014 IBV had 29 (24
Erasmus) incoming exchange students, and 7 (3
Erasmus) of our students were taking courses
outside UiO.
IBV Courses in 2014
Course
Credits
Bachelor courses
BIO1000 - Grunnkurs i biologi10
BIO1010 - Human atferdsøkologi10
BIO1200 - Biologisk mangfold20
BIO1200A - Biologisk mangfold10
BIO2100 - Generell økologi10
BIO2120 - Evolusjonsbiologi10
BIO2140 - Molekylærbiologi og biologiske metoder
20
BIO2150 - Biostatistikk og studiedesign20
BIO2150A - Biostatistikk10
BIO3081 - Adferdsbiologi 110
MBV1010 - Cellebiologi og genetikk10
MBV1020 - Fysiologi10
MBV1050 - Biokjemi I - Biomolekylers struktur og funksjon
10
MBV-KJM1030 - Generell biokjemi og biologisk kjemi
10
MBV2010 - Molekylærbiologi10
MBV2020 - Laboratoriekurs i biokjemi og molekylærbiologi
10
MBV2050 - Biokjemi II - Bioenergetikk og metabolism
10
MBV3010 - Videregående cellebiologi10
MBV3020 - Molekylær genetikk og utviklingsbiologi
10
MBV3050 - Humanfysiologi10
MBV3060 - Generell mikrobiologi10
MBV3070 - Bioinformatikk10
MBV3090 - Forskningslitteratur i kreftbiologi10
MNKOM3000 - Formidling og vitenskapsjournalistikk
10
DEGREES AND
COURSES
37
Course
Credits
Master courses
BIO5000/BIO4001 - Introduksjonskurs for masterstudenter
5
BIO4005 - Primate Behaviour and Ecology10
BIO4021 - Gradientanalyseteknikker10
BIO4091 - Atferdsbiologi 210
BIO4140 - Livshistoriestrategier og klimaeffekter10
BIO4150 - Bevarings- og forvaltningsbiologi10
BIO4200 - Molekylær evolusjon10
BIO4210 - Fylogeni og klassifikasjon
10
BIO4240 - Evolusjon og systematikk i utvalgte grupper: dyreriket
10
BIO4250 - Evolusjon og systematikk i utvalgte grupper: planteriket
10
BIO4280 - Evolusjonær utviklingsbiologi og makroevolusjon
10
BIO4301 - Marin bentisk økologi10
BIO4310 - Limnologi I10
BIO4320 - Marine algers systematikk og økologi
10
BIO4325 - Identification of Marine Microalgae and Macroalgae
5
BIO4331 - Aktuelle marine miljøproblemer10
BIO4350 - Sjøens pattedyr10
BIO4371 - Fiskeøkologi10
BIO4390 - Limnologi II10
BIO4400 - Marin pelagisk økologi10
BIO4500 - Generell toksikologi10
BIO4530 - Regulatorisk toksikologi 5
BIO4540 - Humantoksikologi10
BIO4550 - Økotoksikologi10
BIO4600 - Vitenskapelig forfatterskap 5
MBV4010 - Arbeidsmetoder i molekylærbiologi og biokjemi I
10
MBV4020 - Arbeidsmetoder i molekylærbiologi og biokjemi II
10
MBV4030 - Cellebiologiske arbeidsmetoder10
MBV4110 - Elektronmikroskopi10
MBV4120 - Eukaryote gener og genomer10
MBV4130 - Prokaryotenes biologi10
MBV4150 - Molecular biology of microbes - host interactions
10
MBV4160 - Advanced Cancer Biology10
MBV4210 - Fysikalsk biokjemi10
MBV4230 - Eukaryote transkripsjonfaktorer-strukturer, samspill, regulering
10
MBV4240 - Biokjemiske mekanismer i intracellulær transport
10
MBV4250 - Generell immunologi og immunologiske teknikker
10
MBV4260 - Advanced immunology10
MBV4320 - Avansert fysiologi og cellebiologi
MBV4330 - Forsøksdyrlære
10
5
MBV4340 - Avansert nevrobiologi10
MBV-INF4410 - Bioinformatics for Molecular Biology
10
MNKOM4000 - Formidling og vitenskapsjournalistikk
10
MBV4910IGEM - International Genetically Engineered Machine 10
DEGREES AND
COURSES
38
Course
Credits
PhD courses (cloned from master courses)
BIO9021 - Gradientanalyseteknikker10
BIO9091 - Adferdsbiologi 210
BIO9140 - Livshistoriestrategier og klimaeffekter10
BIO9150 - Bevarings- og forvaltningsbiologi10
BIO9200 - Molekylær evolusjon10
BIO9210 - Fylogeni og klassifikasjon
10
BIO9260 - Evolusjon og systematikk i utvalgte grupper: soppriket
10
BIO9320 - Marine algers systematikk og økologi
10
BIO9331 - Aktuelle marine miljøproblemer10
BIO9381 - Giftige alger10
BIO9530 - Regulatorisk toksikologi 5
BIO9540 – Humantoksikologi10
BIO9550 – Økotoksikologi10
BIO9600 - Vitenskapelig forfatterskap 5
MBV9110 - Elektronmikroskopi10
MBV9120 - Eukaryote gener og genomer10
MBV9130 - Prokaryotenes biologi10
MBV9150 - Molecular and cell biology of microbes - host interactions
10
MBV9160 - Advanced Cancer Biology10
MBV9210 - Fysikalsk biokjemi10
MBV9230 - Eukaryote transkripsjonfaktorer-strukturer, samspill, regulering
10
MBV9240 - Biokjemiske mekanismer i intracellulær transport
10
MBV9250 - Generell immunologi og immunologiske teknikker
10
MBV9260 - Advanced immunology10
MBV9320 - Avansert fysiologi og cellebiologi
10
MBV9330 - Forsøksdyrlære 5
MBV9340 - Avansert nevrobiologi10
MBV-INF9410 - Bioinformatics for Molecular Biology
10
MNNKOM9000 - Formidling og vitenskapsjournalistikk
10
PhD courses
BIO9905FBI-1 – Introduction to Bioinformatics for Biosystematics
5
MBV9220 – Biostruct- Protein Crystal Spectroscopy
5
DEGREES AND
COURSES
39
Based on FS Rapport 581.003
2011
2012
2013
2014
Total
27078
27912
27793
29316
Bachelor courses
15230
16275
15810
16193
Master courses
11848
11637
11983
13123
Figure 3 Credit production from 2011 to 2014
The Bachelor´s degree programs
Both Bachelor’s degree programs provide a broad
understanding of biology and impart basic know­
ledge of natural sciences, such as mathematics,
statistics and chemistry. The biology program
later on emphasizes biodiversity, structure and
function of organisms, interactions between
organisms and their environment (ecology) and
evolutionary processes. In the molecular biology
and biological chemistry program emphasis is
put on chemistry to orient towards biochemistry,
or molecular, micro- and cell biology. Laboratory
and field work are important parts of our Bache­
lor’s degree programs. 94 students enrolled in the
Biology program, whereas 100 students enrolled
in the Molecular biology program in 2014.
DEGREES AND
COURSES
40
The Master´s degree programs
IBV offers three Master’s degree programs:
Biology, Molecular biosciences, and Biodiversity
and systematics. In the Biology program there
are three options: Ecology and evolution, Marine
biology and limnology, and Toxicology. In the
Molecular biosciences program there are also
three options: Biochemistry, Molecular biology
and Physiology. Additionally we also offer master
specialization in biology and molecular biology for
students at the Educational studies program.
The Nordic master’s program in biodiversity and
systematics - NABiS - is a consortium aimed at
providing students with the taxonomic skills and
awareness needed to work within conservation
and biodiversity in the future. The universities
involved in the program are University of Go­
thenburg, University of Lund, Natural History
Museum of Denmark, Uppsala University, Aarhus
University, Swedish Museum of Natural History,
Norwegian University of Science and Technology,
Tromsø University Museum and University of
Oslo.
The Master’s degree programs consist of courses
and a science based thesis, both parts correspon­
ding to 60 credits (for students enrolled in the
Educational Studies program the thesis corre­
sponds to 30 credits). The thesis shall provide
skills within field and/or laboratory work, statis­
tical analysis, report based writing, and research
presentation.
91 students (listed below) achieved their Master’s
degree at the Department of Biosciences in 2014.
88 enrolled in the Master’s programs, se figure 4.
Figure 4 Number of Master’s students enrolled at IBV 2011-2014
DEGREES AND
COURSES
41
Masters in Molecular Biosciences 2014
Tine Norman Alver
A physiological strength exercise model for rats
Markus Wâchter
Effects of subunit 8 deficiency of the conserved oligomeric Golgi complex
on proteoglycan synthesis
Panpan You
Human Neil DNA glycosylases - crystal screening, biochemical
characterization and inhibitor screening
Lars Mørland Knudsen
Role of the endolysosomal and autophagosomal pathways in degradation
of the gap junction protein connexin 43
Gro Herredsvela Rørvik
AI-2 communication in Staphylococcus epidermidis: A study on possible
effects of thiophenones
Øyvind Pernell Haugen
Does a dysfunctional heart alter excitatory synapses in the hippocampus?
Gro Kummeneje Presthus
DNA methylation super negatives -identification of a new subgroup of
colorectal cancer
Ignacio Cuervo Torre
A study of the interaction between the chromatin remodeler CHD3 and the
SUMO network
Åse Marie Moen
O-GlcNAc-signaling in the anoxia-tolerant crucian carp heart and brain
Sima Zolfaghari
Investigation of p21 expression in melanoma
Gunn-Helen Øiseth Moen
Role of Interferon-g in the inflammatory response following disc
herniation -A study of nociception and genetic susceptibility in acute
lumbar radicular pain
May-Kristin Torp
Molecular Control of Apoptosis during Anoxia and Re-oxygenation in
Crucian Carp Brain - Comparative Studies of Laboratory and Naturally
Exposed Fish
Eva Katrin Moen Berger
Piscirickettsia salmonis; characterization and infection in the zebrafish
model
Dingli Dai
The relationship between Cdt1 and pre-RC formation after UVC irradiation
in early G1 phase in fission yeast
Herman Evensen
Function of a novel protein, Pah1, in the G1/S checkpoint in fission yeast
Hedda Johannessen
The Assasin Recombinant single-chain Fv production of the anti-tumour
antibody 14F7
Max Zachrisson Totland
Regulation of the gap junction protein connexin 43 by the E3 ubiquitin
ligases Smurf1 and -2
Kia Wee Tan
Pharmacological activation of serotonergic activity in Atlantic salmon
(Salmo salar): A model of chronic stress
DEGREES AND
COURSES
42
Flavia Söllner
Studies of ATF7IP as a novel interaction partner of c-Myb - epigenetic
repressor or co-activator?
Katrine Wickstrøm
Cellular effects of Th-227
Jeannette Nilsen
Affinity maturation of a T cell receptor by use of phage display
Daniel Pitz Jacobsen
Intervertebral disc herniation, spinal nociceptive signaling and
proinflammatory mediators
­Tomasz Konopka
Proteoglycan characterization in COG7-deficient cells
Rikke Rollum
Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks in
Scandinavia
Ane Brenna
Identification of novel epigenetic masterkeys in cancer - with potential
diagnostic value
Mira Børstad
CD4+ TH-cell epitope discovery by combinatorial phage display of MHC
class II. A proof of principle study
Astri Frafjord
Using immune cells for prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer
Helge André Dahl
Characterization of the novel human protein methyltransferase METTL20
Karin Svensson
The role of evectin-2 and its binding partner PS in toxin transport
Morten Luhr
Exploring the relationship between ER stress and autophagy in prostate
cancer cells
Linn Kymre
Structure-function relationship of Shiga toxins; Role of the A-subunit in
complex stability and endocytosis
Martin Berner Mc Adam
Protein X, a link between Invariant Chain and Myosin II
Nafisa Batool Afzal
Expression of the bacterial ectB gene in the chloroplast of
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Maria Dehli Vigeland
Exploring the functional relevance of genetic regions associated with
rheumatoid arthritis
Filip Nikolaysen
Molecular mechanisms for antibody-induced endocytosis of ErbB2
Anna Maria Eriksson
Molecular characterization of the C-type lectin like domain family 16A
(CLEC16A)
Margrete Langmyhr
TIP60 – a selective inhibitor of activated c-Myb
Maryam Kalantarian
Genetic and molecular analysis of the functional role of the AGL36 MADSbox Type I transcription factor
Heidi Dietrichson Pharo
Quantitative methylation-specific PCR - optimization and application
DEGREES AND
COURSES
43
Margrethe Stoltenberg
The effect of intermittent hypoxia on Hypoxia inducible factor 1α in rat
skeletal muscle
Carina Beatrice Vibe
Nanoparticle-based delivery of efflux pump inhibitors and antibiotics to
treat mycobacterial infections
Ingvild Falkum Ullmann
An investigation of the functional role of the MADS-box γ and MADS-box α
type I transcription factors: AGAMOUS-LIKE 28 and AGAMOUS-LIKE 36
Michelle Lu Sætersmoen
Effects of steroid hormones on the expression of Ca2+ activated K+
channels in in vitro pituitary cells of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)
Heidi Korsmo
Immune Cell Composition in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Line Nateland
MBD proteins - possible links between DNA methylation and histone
modification in Arabidopsis thaliana
Ingerid Ørjansen Kirkeleite
The role of LBD proteins in floral organ abscission
Eductional studies’ thesis:
Victoria Holck
Expression of the bacterial ectC gene in the chloroplast of
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Sandra Nøkkevangen
Preferred visually evoked spatial and temporal frequencies in primary
visual cortex of alert and anesthetized rats
Masters in Biology 2014
Elisabeth Wiig
Variation in armour of three-spine stickleback
Maria Rundhaugen Tesaker
Male plumage variation and its role in reproductive isolation between
house sparrows (Passer domesticus) and Italian sparrows (P. italiae) &
A new method for quantifying colours of Passer sparrows using digital
imaging in the field
Helga Bårdsdatter Kristiansen
Characterization of marine fungal communities using next generation
sequencing techniques
Karine Margrethe Hauan
Identification and Modulation of Esterases Involved in the Metabolism of
Heroin
Jørgen Kvernhaugen Norum
Habitat use by roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) under the predation risk
of lynx (Lynx lynx) and humans: A life in the squeeze between two
contrasting predators
Anne Marie Dalen
Population dynamics, size hierarchy and neighbour interactions of early
colonizing plants in a Norwegian glacier foreland
DEGREES AND
COURSES
44
June Susanne Berg
Population Dynamics, Size Hierarchy and Neighbour Interactions of Early
Colonizing Vascular Plants in a Norwegian Glacier Foreland
Kristine Dobbe
Are sperm characters related to genetic diversity in the bluethroat
(Luscinia svecica)
Katrine Heggeset
Antagonistic effects of vitamin A on vitamin D and the development of
colon cancer
Line Holen
Root associated fungi on Chimaphila umbellata in south-eastern Norway
Marie Kristine Brandrud
Polyploidy and ecotype variation in Cochlearia officinalis L. and related
species
Hege Lyngvær Mathisen
Er avvikende celler av Prymnesium polylepis mer motstandsdyktige mot
virusangrep enn typiske celler?
Laszlo Fodor
Dinoflagellate diversity and dynamics in Outer Oslofjorden as revealed by
molecular methods
Ola Tobias Hafslund
Effekt av temperatur og fosforkonsentrasjon på celle- og genomstørrelse av
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Ane Solland Kvinge
Gene Expression in the Early Development stages in Populations of
European Grayling (Thymallus thymallus)
Anne Luise Ribeiro
Effects of North Sea Oil on Biotransformation and Immune Responses in
Juvenile Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua)
Eskild Hagenes
Genotoxic effects of exposure to carbon nanotubes in human lung cells
Ole Edvard Bjørge
Ny informasjon om Sørishavets fangst av blåkval (Balaenoptera musculus)
basert på loggbøker
Tonje Cecilie Urskog
Nematode infestation in flatfish in the inner and middle Oslofjord
Benjamin Hanssen
Consequences of Selective Harvesting a Small Temperate Fish Species
Displaying Strong Male Dimorphism, the Corkwing Wrasse (Symphodus
melops)
Anna-Marie Winter
Effects of phytoplankton diversity and fertilisation on primary production
– The utility of bio-optical production estimates as response parameters in
natural phytoplankton experiments
Kun Chen
Effects of Different Temperatures and Exposure Times on the survival and
DNA Damage of Collembolans (Springtails) in Response to Esfenvalerate
(Sumi-Alpha) Soil Exposure
Fernando Arce Gonzales
Spatiotemporal distribution of a small mammal assemblage at Finse: A
methodological perspective
DEGREES AND
COURSES
45
Parandis Majlesi
Tool-use in excavation of underground food by captive chimpanzees (Pan
troglodytes): Implication for wild chimpanzee behavior
Espen Strand
The Kinorhyncha of Southern Norway
Jorunn Moksnes
The Effect of Hybridization on Beak Morphology in the House Sparrow
(Passer domesticus) and Italian Sparrow (P. italiae)
Audun Storset
Immunfunksjon og biotransformasjon hos piggvar (Scophtalmus maximus)
eksponert for den vannløselige fraksjonen av Ekofisk råolje
Eilen Bjotveit Josefson
Testing Species Boundaries in the Staphylinid Beetle Genus Mocyta
(Insecta, Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)
Ella Thoen
Fine-scale spatial structure of root-associated fungi within a single plant
root system
Elena Myhre Jensen
Exposure of juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) to water-accommodated
fractions of Arabian light crude oil: Biotransformation and DNA damage
Tage Bratrud
Effekter av miljøgifter på torsk (Gadus morhua) fra indre Oslofjord
Arthur A. Blørstad Haraldsen
Protist diversity across a marine – freshwater gradient with a special focus
on the X-cell parasite
Stein Hegvik
Acoustic startle responses in European sprat (Sprattus sprattus L.) and
diploid versus triploid Atlantic salmon fry (Salmo salar L.)
Truls Hveem Hansson
Salinity-induced phenotypic plasticity in lateral bony plate number of the
threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
Camilla LoCascio Sætre
Sperm Morphology, Sperm Motility and Paternity Success in the Bluethroat
(Luscinia s. svecica)
Lena Sareisian
Global DNA methylation and persistent organic pollutants in ringed seals
(Phoca hispida) from Svalbard and the Baltic Sea
Mildrid Elvik Svoen
Optimal habitats enhance establishment, but do not influence gender
frequencies or genetic diversity of Silene acaulis in Svalbard (Norway)
Øystein Lofthus
The genus Pleuranthodium (K.Schum.) R.M.Sm. (Zingiberaceae): taxonomy
and phylogeny
Helena Båserud Mathisen
Cardamoms of South East Asia: phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus
Elettaria Maton
Pål Amdal Magnusson
Oxidative stress as a mechanism for silver particle toxicity
DEGREES AND
COURSES
46
PhD study
The doctoral program builds upon a Master`s
degree in biology or molecular biosciences. The
study is intended for those who want to qualify
for academic positions or other occupations
demanding high professional qualifications. The
PhD study normally last from three to four years.
22 candidates defended their degrees in 2014:
Lars Qviller
The distribution of ticks and large hosts relations in a northern forest
ecosystem
Lilia S. Ulanova
Towards prevention and treatment of infectious diseases of aquaculture
Federico Fenaroli
Single and mixture toxicity of biocides to soil invertebrates – from the
laboratory to the field scale
Santosh Phuyal
Composition and cellular release of exosomes from cancer cells
Jon Halvor Jonsrud Knutsen
Mechanisms regulating the G1-S transition in fission yeast
Nagham Therese Asp
Regulation of ErbB2 and ErbB3 growth factor receptors in human breast
cancer
Marta Hammerstad
Structural and Functional Studies of Proteins in the Class Ib
Ribonucleotide Reductase System
Kaare Bjerregard-Andersen
Structural and biophysical studies of the mammalian Na+ dependent Cl-HCO3-exchanger NCBE and the bacterial enzyme isatin hydrolase
Ha Thi Ngo
The interplay between environmental contaminants, genes and diet in
obesity and intestinal cancer
Gro Elise Rødland
Regulation of stress-responsive pathways in fission yeast
Elianne Sirnæs Egge
Diversity and seasonal dynamics of haptophytes in the Skagerrak
revealed by high-throughput sequencing
Martin Malmstrøm
On the origin and evolution of the alternative adaptive immune system in
Order Gadiformes
Huma Siddiqui
Urinary DNA analyses - approaches towards non-invasive, high
throughput molecular analysis and diagnostics
Harri Mikael Itkonen
Glycosylation in prostate cancer
Cathrine Elisabeth Fagernes
Molecular background of ethanol production in anoxia tolerant fish
Ola Tveitereid Westengen
Seeds of adaptation
Silje Anda
Cellular asymmetry in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Ingrid Marie Egner
A cellular memory mechanism in muscle
Unni Vik
Scale dependent community patterns of microbes associated with
ectomycorrhizal root systems
Camilla With Fagerli
Processes influencing sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis)
populations and kelp forest recovery in overgrazed areas in Norway
Mazyar Yazdani
In vitro, in ovo and in vivo models for cytotoxicity, oxidative stress,
neurotoxicity and DNA damage
Maja Krzewinska
Human origins and migrations in Norway inferred from ancient and
modern DNA analysis
DEGREES AND
COURSES
47
The Student Administration Office
The student administration office has five per­
sons that are eager to help making studies at IBV
as interesting and rewarding as possible. We are
dedicated to giving our new students a feeling
of confidence and belonging from day one, and
is arranging a buddy week bursting with profes­
sional and social content before the proper studies
begin. All new students got an USB stick with im­
portant information and a welcoming letter from
the Head of Department.
The Faculty announced that it would be possible
to apply for money to enhance social activities
off­ered and the course quality with regard to
mater­ials and teaching methods, and IBV received
85 000 NOK in 2014. The money has been spent
on the following:
• Gift cards to Oracles that meet for extra
sessions before exams, 10 000 NOK
• Breakfast and trips during the semester start
week, 20 000 NOK
• Free coffee for students with the student
administration and scientific staff, once a week,
15 000 NOK
• Christmas or New Year party for the bachelor
students, 20 000 NOK
• Course in study techniques, 10 000 NOK
• Mentor for new bachelor students, 10 000 NOK
The University of Oslo announced that it would
be easy to podcast lectures during the autumn
semester of 2013. IBV therefore started to pod­
casting lectures from BIO1000 as a trial project
in 2013, and in 2014 we offered podcasts for the
courses MBV1010, MBV2050, BIO2120, BIO1000,
BIO3081 and BIO2150. The feedback from students
was that they appreciated that the lectures were
podcasted, and we will continue to offer podcasts
of lectures.
The student administration office, together with
scientific staff, the Laboratory School in ­Biology
and students participate in the Dissemination
group. The group coordinates department rep­
resentation in events like “Åpen dag”, “Faglig
pedagogisk dag”, “Forskningstorget” etc., and
encou­rage staff to disseminate scientific results
in arenas that are important for recruiting new
students.
The IBV iGEM team met Crown Prince Haakon and Crown Princess Mette-Marit © Terje Heiestad
INFRASTRUCTURE
5
Infrastructure
48
Phytotron
www.mn.uio.no/ibv/forskning/om/infrastruktur/fytotronen
Silene acaulis (moss campion) growing in the phytotron. The plant is common in arctic areas and higher
mountains.
The Phytotron is an advanced plant growth fa­
cility allowing studying plants in various envi­
ronments and climates. The facility comprises
22 growth rooms and 3 greenhouses totalling
climate-controlled growth areas to about 900 m2.
The phytotron area also includes laboratories,
course rooms, cold and freezer rooms, seminar
room, offices and machinery/technical rooms.
In 2014 the Phytotron was primarily used in UiO
projects by researchers from the Department of
Biosciences (IBV) and the Natural History Muse­
um/Botanical Garden. External users came from
research institutions and companies. The Park
services of UiO used the Phytotron for winter
storage of cold-sensitive plants and for growing
plants for the summer season.
Personnel
Manager: Associate Professor Uwe Klein
Technicians: Ingrid Johansen, Marit Langrekken
and Per Rudidalen
Finances
Operation of the Phytotron is financed by user
fees. Internal users from the Department of
Biosciences and the Natural History Museum pay
a nominal fee while external users pay a fee that
covers the running expenses.
Courses and education
The Phytotron has two course rooms adjacent to
climate-controllable growth chambers and labora­
tories. In 2014 about 250 bachelor students have
taken laboratory courses in MBV1020, BIO2140
and BIO2150.
COURSES
INFRASTRUCTURE
DEGREES AND
49
In addition to practical courses taught in the Phy­
totron itself, the facility provided plant material
for several other courses at IBV. The plant col­
lection has also been used in exhibitions, guided
tours, and research projects.
Use of phytotron and daylight rooms has been
affected by partial replacement of the roof and
by upgrading of electrical parts, both causing
downtime. This work is ongoing and will continue
through most of 2015.
Research projects
Most phytotron rooms are used by master stu­
dents, PhD students, and post-docs to grow plants
for their respective projects. On average about 4
master students, 4 PhD students, and 3 post docs
have been using rooms in 2014. A large part of the
facility has been allocated to growth and analysis
of gene modified organisms (GMO plants). As the
latter activities have increased over the years,
future plans for the area include an expansion of
the GMO space.
Cooperation with commercial partners
The Phytotron has long time research cooper­
ations with the Norwegian company “Norsk
Wax” and the Swedish forest industry to de­
velop mechanical means to protect spruce plug
plants against attacks by snout beetles. Waxing
of plant stems before planting them in the wild
is a particularly promising approach that has
been proven to be successful in field studies. The
“WeevilSTOP” project that is supported by grants
from the EU to a consortium of 15 partners from 9
European countries will end in 2015.
Operation
Growth chambers were fully booked in 2014.
Most users have long term projects that allow us
to schedule the use of growth rooms in advance.
Cochlearia groenlandia (Greenland scurvy-grass), an arctic species growing in the Phytotron © U. Klein
INFRASTRUCTURE
50
The Animal Facility
www.mn.uio.no/ibv/forskning/om/infrastruktur/dyreavdelingen
The Animal Facility underwent major renovation
four years ago and is now a fully modern animal
facility. The facility houses mainly mice, rats,
hens, but also other species used in our research
activity. In the aquarium part of the facility we
generally house stickleback, cod, crucian carp and
other carp species, rainbow trout, trout, salmon,
and also the popular model organisms zebrafish
and medaka.
In 2014, 4000 animals/fishes were housed in the
section. The new clean section of the facility is
now filled up, and there was a need to increase
the capacity. We have 3 new scandtainer hoods to
achieve this. The main users of the facility is the
Section for Physiology and Cell Biology, repre­
sented by Kristian Gundersen’s and Marianne
Fyhn’s groups and Section for Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology, represented by Fahri Saatcio­
glu’s group. Other users are Winnie Eskild with
small rodents, and Dag Hessen/ Marwa Jalal with
hens. Espen Borgå Johansen fra HiOA is also a
major user of the animal facility.
The personnel in the animal facility also partici­
pated in field work with Karl Ugland and helped
From the animal facility © Torkel Hafting
master students catching fish for collection of
parasites.
The aquarium section had some repairs in 2014,
and all pressure tanks got new metal stands and
outlet pipes that improved the water pressure into
the aquarium rooms. The salt water parameters
are now good due to a complete water exchange.
In the marine system we added bactoballs to
remove nitritt and a pH computer has been in­
stalled. To obtain satisfactory sea water quality
we have installed a protein skimmer to remove
nitrate. The water from the medaka and sebrafish
rooms is now passing through an installed tank
with chlorine to avoid eggs and fish to pass into
the sewage system.
A new stickleback fish facility for Asbjørn Vølles­
tad’s group was set up in 2013. This project was
terminated in in 2014, however, the facility will
be used by Göran Nilsson in the near future. The
other large users of the aquarium section are the
groups of Göran Nilsson, Finn Arne Weltzien, Ketil
Hylland, Fahruk Chaudry, Gareth Griffith and
Knut Erik Tollefsen, NIVA.
INFRASTRUCTURE
51
Experimental Lab Facilities
The Department has the past years made major
improvements in their experimental infrastruc­
ture by further re-organization of laboratories,
co-localizing instruments and last, but not leat
improving the HSE standards.
Microlab
http://www.mn.uio.no/ibv/english/research/
groups/merg/infrastructur/MicroLab/
The Microlab is established for storage and
growth of microbial cells of prokaryotes and eu­
karyote species as well as viruses, and other kind
of cell tissues from multicellular organisms such
as animals and plants. Currently the Microlab is
used for research on algae, fungi, protozoa, sever­
al bacterial strains and salmon cells.
The lab is developed for experimental studies
under class II safety conditions. Dedicated labs
for studies of interactions between different
organisms are provided for community studies.
A separate room is set up for single cell studies
providing stringent conditions to prevent con­
tamination. This lab is at present used for studies
of eukaryotes that cannot be cultured and their
parasites. As more than 90% of microoganisms
cannot be cultured, it is of great importance for us
to provide the best possible facilities for studies
of such organisms. Material brought in from the
field can be handles in a special lab, where cells
and samples can be prepared before culturing or
DNA/RNA extraction can be done in other labs.
CEES DNA lab
http://www.mn.uio.no/cees/english/research/
about/infrastructure/dna-lab.html
The CEES DNA lab is a molecular research core
facility and is fully equipped for DNA and RNA
extraction from various types of bacteria, protists,
algae, fungi, and animal and plant tissues (includ­
ing blood, faeces, and ancient DNA). It contains all
the basic instrumentation of a modern molecular
biology laboratory, including equipment for gene
cloning, genomic libraries, real-time PCR, DNA/
RNA quantification, and chip-based analysis of
DNA, RNA, and protein.
The CEES DNA lab is open to users from the De­
partment of Biosciences, and is at present actively
used by CEES and EVOGENE.
The NMR laboratory
http://www.uio.no/english/research/interfacul­
ty-research-areas/mls/research-support/core-fa­
cilities/biomolecular-nmr-spectroscopy/
The Biomolecular Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
(NMR) Spectroscopy laboratory at the Depart­
ment of Biosciences is physically situated in the
Department of Chemistry. It is equipped with one
600 MHz Bruker Advance II NMR instrument that
is co-owned by the Norwegian Veterinary School,
Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB) and
University of Oslo (UiO). The instrumentation is
well suited for studies of peptides, proteins, RNA,
DNA and carbohydrates. Per Eugen Kristiansen
is employed as a research scientist and assists
research groups in structure determination by
NMR- and Circular Dichroism- (CD-) spectrosco­
py.
The NMR laboratory is involved in teaching
of master and PhD students. The laboratory is
responsible for the NMR lectures in MBV4020 Methods in molecular biology and biochemistry
II. The Biomolecular NMR laboratory is a member
of the research school BioStruct and gives the two
national courses in NMR spectroscopy MBV9510
- BIOSTRUCT - Biomolecular NMR spectroscopy
and MBV9520 - BIOSTRUCT - Advanced Biomolec­
ular NMR.
INFRASTRUCTURE
52
Ongoing research projects
• Structure determination of antimicrobial pep­
tides in collaboration with Professor Jon Nis­
sen-Meyer and Professor Dzung Diep at NMB
• Structure determination and ligand interac­
tions of hItk SH3 domain is studied in col­
laboration with Professor Anne Spurkland at
Institute of Basic Medical Sciences
• Characterization of lipopolysaccharide binding
to the E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin in collab­
oration with Ute Krengel at Department of
Chemistry
• Determination of the structure and function of
slice-spesific variant of protein kinase A cbeta2
in collaboration with Professor Bjørn Skålhegg
at Institute of Basic Medical Sciences
The Clyconor Mass Spectrometry Unit
http://www.mn.uio.no/ibv/english/research/
about/infrastructure/ms/
The Mass Spectrometry Unit at IBV established
in 2008 has the goal to facilitate MS analysis of
clinical and biological samples by offering stateof-the-art instrumentation and MS expertise in
preparing, analyzing, and interpretation of experi­
mental data within and outside the department.
Current mass spectrometry instrumentation
includes a high resolution Thermo LTQ- Orbitrap
XL mass spectrometer with an Agilent Nano 2D
HPLC system. Additionally, the unit has two data
analysis workstations including the Maxquant
and Proteome Discoverer search engines, and inhouse software to search for peptide matches
after unspecific protease cleavages. Methods have
been developed for the analyses of glycopeptides,
as well as for complex mixtures of oligosaccha­
rides and for peptides with other focused modi­
fications.
The major focuses in 2014 were different kind of
protein modification, methylation, glycosylation
and ADP ribosylation.
In addition to project related to the department,
several external users from the other departments
at UiO, Canada and the National Veterinary
Institute in Oslo visited the MS Unit for sample
analysis in 2014.
INFRASTRUCTURE
53
The Norwegian Sequencing Centre (NSC)
www.sequencing.uio.no
The Norwegian Sequencing Centre (NSC) has two
equal nodes hosted by the Centre for Ecological
and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES) at the De­
partment of Biosciences, and the Department of
Medical Genetics (DMG) at Oslo University Hos­
pital and the University of Oslo. Due to this large
funding from the National Financing Initiative for
Research Infrastructure (INFRASTRUKTUR) of the
research Council of Norway, NSC is from 2014 on
the National Roadmap for research infrastruc­
tures and large national projects.
Offered sequencing applications
NSC offers the Norwegian research community
access to a broad range of high-throughput se­
quencing technologies (HTS) and applications. We
possess state-of-the-art facilities and provide ser­
vices covering most applications within the deep
sequencing field, e.g. de novo sequencing, exome
sequencing, sequencing of ancient DNA and other
degraded DNA samples, as well as transcriptome-,
miRNA-, amplicon-, bisulphite- and chromatin im­
munoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing., and base
modification detection for smaller genomes.
Platform updates
In 2014, two Illumina HiSeq2500’s were pur­
chased for the CEES node, and a HiSeq2000 and
a NextSeq500 for the OUS node. These provide
higher sequencing throughput and more flexi­
bility in handling different projects. At present,
we have the following instruments available: 3
x Illumina HiSeq 2500, 1 x Illumina HiSeq2000,
1 x Illumina NextSeq500, 3 x Illumina MiSeq, 1 x
Pacific Biosciences RSII. This is by far the largest
instrument park for HTS in Norway. In addition,
the NSC has a considerable infrastructure of
supporting hardware to increase throughput and
automation (Hamilton robot, Beckmann Biomek
FX robot, Beckmann SpriWorks robot, two Pippin
Prep instruments, Covaris DNA sonicators, etc).
A Laboratory Information Management System
(LIMS) has been acquired. The System is a web
and GUI based software that is used for sample
tracking, automation and reporting. Installation
and training will commence early in 2015. Finally,
two new staff were hired in 2014 to strengthen
the NSC team.
Instrument upgrades
HTS technology is developing fast, and NSC has
implemented important upgrades on our current
instruments in order to continuously provide
“state-of-the art” service. The Illumina HiSeq
instruments have been upgraded to version 4
chemistry, increasing throughput (delivering up 1
Tbase of data in a single run), while reducing run
time. New chemistry for the Pacific Biosciences
RS II enabled another significant increase in read
length and thus throughput.
Decommissioning GS FLX from Roche/454
NSC has decommissioned its two 454/Roche GS
FLX instruments in May 2014, due to high cost
per base, laborious preparation procedures and
decreased interest from our users. As alternatives
to 454 sequencing we offer Pacific Biosciences RS
II (long reads), and Illumina MiSeq (amplicons).
Offered services
Services include project consultation, sample
preparation, and running the sequencing reac­
tions on the DNA sequencers, together with quali­
ty assessment of the data. For projects sequenced
on Illumina instruments, mapping of the data
to a reference is performed. For bacterial PacBio
projects, we continue to deliver fully assembled
genomes to our users. In addition to de novo ge­
nomes, base modification analyses can be provi­
ded for bacterial and fungal genomes sequenced
on PacBio RS II. NSC may also offer advice on
analysis software tools. For more advanced pro­
INFRASTRUCTURE
54
jects, users are referred to bioinformatics ser­
vices/help desks (such as ELIXIR), or to research
collaborations when appropriate. The submission
of projects is handled through our website (www.
sequencing.uio.no) where there is a single contact
point for both nodes (CEES and DMG), to help
ensure that the optimal technology is applied for
each project.
individuals of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) will be
sequenced with Illumina technology. The AG pro­
ject started in 2014 but will remain a large focus
in 2015. We anticipate that large projects will be
increasingly important for NSC in the future, and
for the next year we have several such projects in
the pipeline – both within biomedical and biologi­
cal research.
Sequencing activity
In 2014, the total number of samples sequenced
almost doubled compared to 2013. In total, about
6500 different samples were sequenced at NSC,
representing samples from close to 250 research
groups – mostly from Norway, but also from
several other European countries. The largest
fraction of the samples was run on the Illumina
platform (HiSeq/MiSeq). However, the number of
samples sequenced on PacBio is steadily growing.
Outreach
We have been involved in organizing a two-week,
hands on course on “High Throughput Sequenc­
ing technologies and Bioinformatics Analysis”,
held at UiO in collaboration with the Computa­
tional Life Science initiative (CLSi), the FUGE/
ELIXIR Bioinformatics platform, and the Norwe­
gian Genomics Core Facility.
Large projects
Currently, the largest project that NSC is per­
forming sequencing for is the Aqua Genome (AG)
Project – led by CEES. In the AG project, 1000
The Norwegian Sequencing Centre © Lex Nederbragt
INFRASTRUCTURE
55
The Electron Microscopy Laboratory (EM-Lab)
www.mn.uio.no/ibv/forskning/om/infrastruktur/em
The EM-Lab was established in 1966 and has
the last 45 years contributed to more than 900
publications (including master and PhD theses).
The equipment of the laboratory has an estimat­
ed value of NOK 25-30 million and is, due to its
methodological resources, the largest EM labo­
ratory in Norway for the biological, molecular
and biomedical sciences. Presently the labora­
tory includes 4 electron microscopes. Three are
transmission microscopes, (CM200, CM100 and a
CM12) and a scanning electron microscope Hitachi
S-4800. One of the transmission microscopes is
a standard instrument while the others are fitted
with various types of auxiliary equipment that
allows the use of advanced and special techniques
for elemental analysis, cryotechniques and high
resolution imaging. Images are captured digitally
on high resolution, Olympus (Quemesa) cameras.
In addition the laboratory is equipped with a large
and varied selection of preparation equipment
that covers most of the techniques that presently
are used. The resources of the laboratory, both
with regard to personnel and equipment, are
Coccolithus Braarudii
© Andrea Gerecht
available to all scientists at the Faculty of Mathe­
matics and Natural Sciences, although molecular
biologists and biologists are given priority. PhD
students, guest researchers and master students
may perform EM investigations pursuant to an
agreement between their supervisor and the head
of the laboratory. External users are welcome
as long as the capacity of the laboratory allows
this. In addition to being a service provider, the
EM-Lab is developing new electron microscopic
methods.
The laboratory primarily analyses biological sam­
ples, but may also be used to solve problems with­
in other fields. The laboratory organizes a annual
course in electron microscopy (MBV4110/9110)
that is a part of the master study program of
molecular biology, biochemistry and physiology.
More advanced courses in high resolution elec­
tron microscopy and cryotechniques are orga­
nized when needed.
The laboratory has one permanent scientific posi­
tion and two technical positions.
INFRASTRUCTURE
56
IBV Imaging Platform - Oslo NorMIC Node
www.mn.uio.no/ibv/forskning/om/infrastruktur/imaging
The NorMIC Imaging Platform at the Department
of Biosciences is a specialized microscopy unit
for the subcellular study of living and fixed cells.
The unit is in addition a part of the UiO imaging
platform NorMIC Oslo, a FUGE supported facility.
The aim of NorMIC is to strengthen and ­develop
research in functional genomics in Norway.
­NorMIC is organized in a network with nodes in
Bergen, Oslo, Stavanger, Tromsø and Trondheim,
and together these nodes cover all present modali­
ties within molecular imaging.
The organization of the Imaging Platform as a core
facility implies that all researchers in Norway are
welcome users at equal terms through our book­
ing system. The Imaging Platform offers courses,
expertise, use of confocal instruments after book­
ing/availability (new users will need to go through
training/assessment procedure) and access to
immuno-EM techniques. The platform offers
access to a range of advanced light microscopes
including confocal laser scanning instruments,
spinning disk confocal, TIRF, optical tweezers, and
high-content wide-field fluorescence systems. The
instrumentation is optimized for live imaging of a
variety of biological samples from bacteria to cells
to whole zebrafish embryos.
Equipment
1) Olympus FluoView 1000 inverted IX81 confocal
laser scanning microscope
The Platform has two inverted FluoView 1000
instruments, both specialized for the study of
living cells, with incubators for maintaining 37°C
and CO2 supply. These are equipped with four
laser lines and thus may detect four different
fluorochromes. One instrument is equipped with
a SIM scanner to allow fast and specific bleaching
experiments, and this makes the microscope well
suited for advanced techniques like FRAP, FLIP,
FRET and photoactivation. The other instrument
has a motorized stage for repeated imaging of
multiple locations on a sample over time, and high
speed autofocus to correct for drift during long
time courses.
2) Olympus FluoView 1000 upright BX61WI confocal
laser scanning microscope
This upright system is suitable for the study of
fixed cell samples as well as for living animals.
The microscope has water immersion as well as
oil immersion objectives with a large working
distance, making it suitable also deeper imaging
of tissues and whole organisms such as zebrafish
embryos.
3) Andor Revolution XD spinning disk confocal
microscope
The spinning disk microscope enables live cli­
mate-controlled imaging of very rapid events,
with three laser lines. The detector EMCCD
camera has a high signal/ noise ratio that can
record up to 300 pictures per second, making the
instrument ideal for recording living cells with
a low photo toxicity threshold, and for the time
lapse study of cellular processes in 3D.
4) Scan^R high throughput immunofluorescence
microscope
The high throughput Scan^R system enables
imaging of a wide range of sample formats with
automated image acquisition and analysis. It can
image hundreds of thousands of events in live or
fixed samples, providing the opportunity to screen
chemical or siRNA libraries and generate highly
statistically robust quantitative results.
5) Total Internal reflection fluorescent (TIRF)
microscope
The Leica DMI6000B TIRF is specialized for the
live study of membrane events with up to 100x
objective magnification, 3 laser lines, EMCCD
camera, and peristaltic perfusion system for real
time addition of stimuli. This instrument also of­
fers high speed parallel TIRF and epifluorescence
imaging.
INFRASTRUCTURE
57
6) Optical tweezers
The JPK optical tweezers/micromanipulation,
combined with a Nikon confocal imaging system,
offers 3 laser lines, multiple traps with high trap
stiffness, nanometer-position control and a quad­
rant photodiode for detection of fast dynamics
and calibration for quantification of forces. This
system enables users to quantify forces involved
in cellular processes, as well as micromanipulat­
ing particles and organelles either intracellular in
vitro or in a cell-free system.
7) Imaris software (visualization and data analysis)
Data sets from microscopy of living cells in 3D
or 4D often comprise several gigabytes of data.
Specialized high-end computers with specific
software are needed to handle such large data
sets. For analysis and 3D reconstruction Imaris
from Bitplane is a software module that specifical­
ly can handle these large 3D and 4D data sets and
is necessary to interpret data from the different
microscope platforms.
Users
Approximately 100 researchers used the platform
actively in 2014, from many groups at our depart­
ment from different departments at the Univer­
sity and visitors from abroad. The microscope
platform has additionally worked as a demonstra­
tion site for both Andor and Olympus.
Lectures and courses
In addition to the yearly IBV courses that include
imaging (MBV1010 and MBV4030), we hosted
the annual European Light Microscopy Meet­
ing (ELMI) in May 2014, an international event
attracting up to 400 imaging specialists from
around the world.
INFRASTRUCTURE
58
The Two Photon Imaging Lab
The two photon imaging lab at the IBV is a spe­
cialized microscope unit for two photon laser
scanning microscopy (2PLSM). The lab is run by
Marianne Fyhn, Section for Physiology and Cell
Biology. The two microscopes (Sutter MOM) are
flexible and can easily be adjusted to the imag­
ing of different specimens. The microscopes are
funded by the UiO (AVIT and IBV) and by the
NorMic Imaging Platform. A challenge with mi­
croscopy of living tissue is the strong light scatter
of all biological tissue which blurs an image with
traditional linear (one-photon) microscopy. With
two-photon microscopy on the other hand, the
image is reconstructed from the light generated
when two photons arrive simultaneously at a
molecule and combine their energies to promote
the molecule to an excited state. Thus, all photons
detected originate from the structure of interest
resulting in high resolution images as deep as 1
mm into the tissue. The development of two-pho­
ton laser scanning microscopy combined with
fluorescence labeling techniques has opened for
imaging studies of e.g. cellular function in organs
such as the brain, hearth and organ systems (e.g.
fish larvae) in living animals that previously were
only possible post mortem. To date, the scopes at
the IBV have served studies investigating brain
function in mice and fish. Studies of other model
systems are under planning.
Cell specific genetic targeting of neurons (a) In vivo imaging of neurons expressing the genetically encoded Ca2+
-sensor, (b) In vivo image of dendrites of layer III cortical cells expressing a red fluorescent protein (TdTomato)
and GFP expression coupled to PSD-95 which is localized in synaptic connections (spines) (c) Shadow images of
cell bodies in layer III (ca. 300 µm below dura mater) after pressure injection of a fluorescent dye (Alexa 594) into
the extracellular space. With the pipette tip gently touching the cell soma, the cell immediately fills with pipette
solution during current injection. (d) In vivo imaging of a dendritic branch expressing GFP.
Investigation of in vivo processes in the live medaka fish larvae using 2PLSM. A) the
fluorescent dye is injected (blue lines) into the brain of the larvae and single cells are
seen as shadow images. B) When the dye is injected into the cerebrospinal fluid it
stays in the spinal cord and blood vessels (red arrows) and cells are visualized.
INFRASTRUCTURE
59
Jan Kristiansen with a glue jig for polyamide tubes 0,0045 © Hans Borg
Central Engineering Workshop
www.mn.uio.no/bio/tjenester/sentralverkstedet
The Central Engineering Workshop mainly serves
the Department of Biosciences, though it also un­
dertakes construction work for external organiza­
tions such as Veritas, NIVA and NINA.
Our workshop stands out due to the close proxim­
ity to the research groups and the broad-ranged
skills of the team. The workshop mainly assists in
developing new equipment for research projects,
and also carries out construction and repair work
in mechanics, electronics and welding. The work­
shop is usually contacted when the user is faced
with difficulties in buying necessary equipment.
If you have a bright idea and need help to build equipment to prove your theory, do get in touch with the
engineering workshop!
In 2014, the workshop had full order lists and
many interesting and challenging assignments. A
total of 147 projects of varying complexity were
undertaken for the Biosciences department. Many
of our tasks in 2014 as in 2013 were related to
physiology, in both rodents an fish experiments.
News in 2014 is that we got a new employee, Jan
Kristiansen. He is graduated within fine me­
chanics and has 38 years work experience. Mads
Granberg changed job after having worked at IBV
for eight years and is now working at the work­
shop at the Faculty of Medicine. As in previous
years, the workshop has had a close collaboration
with the workshop at the Faculty of Medicine,
where we conduct CNC processing. These two
workshops have complementary equipment and
machinery.
The personnel
Hans Borg, chief engineer
Johan Erland, principal engineer
Stein Høydahl, senior engineer
Jan Kristiansen, principal engineer
Bjørn Langrekken, principal engineer
Costs
Researchers from IBV pay NOK 200 per job and
35% of material costs.
Cars
The workshop administrates 5 cars; 4 Toyota
Hiace and 1 Ford Transit Connect. The cars can be
lent to employees at IBV. To rent the cars, go to
http://www.mn.uio.no/ibv/for-ansatte/arbeidss­
totte/bilbestilling/
INFRASTRUCTURE
60
Research Vessels
www.mn.uio.no/ibv/forskning/om/infrastruktur/fartoy
The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Scienc­
es at the University of Oslo has two research
vessels in the Oslofjord; F/F Trygve Braarud (70
ft) and F/F Bjørn Føyn (40 ft). The Departments of
Biosciences, Physics and Geosciences all use the
research vessels both for research and education­
al purposes. They are also used in collaborative
projects with other national and international
research institutions. In addition, the research
vessels are rented by external institutions that
carry out research, environmental monitoring
and environmental consulting. The vessels have
their main mooring at Lysaker with docks as well
as equipment storage, engineering, office and
briefing facilities.
Ship equipment and design are tailored for
research activity, but also works quite well for
teaching purposes. The vessels have in recent
years been modified to ensure that equipment can
be changed rapidly in accordance to the needs of
the users. Trawling, use of submersible acoustic
sensors, large and heavy grabs and corers, as
well as deployment of large monitoring buoys are
some of the tasks.
A recent status report has shown the range and
scope of the use of the vessels and their impor­
tance for research and scientific production in
the last five years, both in marine ecology and
ecotoxicology. The vessels are used for four bach­
elor courses, seven master courses as well as for
collection of material for many master and PhD
projects. In recent years, this means that 160-170
students participate annually in courses at the
bachelor level where vessels are an integral part.
Corresponding figures for master courses are 8090 students. The vessels provide the University
with an unique opportunity to produce students
who have good expertise in field work including
methods and instruments.
In the period 2008-2014 there were >40 complet­
ed master’s theses and 16 PhD projects that would
not have been possible without the vessels. Pro­
jects where the vessels have been an integral part
resulting in articles in scientific journals in the
period 2008-2014 count about 10 articles per year.
Activities
The main users in 2014 were, in addition to cour­
ses, Department of Biosciences (AQUA: Stein
Kaartvedt, Josefin Titelman, Wenche Eikrem and
Ketil Hylland), Department of Geosciences (Elisa­
beth Alve, Eyvind Aas) and external users (NIVA,
NGI, Statnett, Rambøll, Norconsult).
F/F Bjørn Føyn has mainly been used for college
courses and to some extent for field work in Drø­
bak. The activity in 2014 was at the same level as
in previous years.
Organization
The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Scien­
ces has appointed a board which is responsible
for the use and maintenance of the vessels. The
board has four members, the chair being directly
appointed by the Faculty; Ketil Hylland (chair),
Elisabeth Alve, Josefin Titelman and the captain
Sindre Holm.
Applications for vessel time, sailing schedules and
daily use is coordinated by the captain. The staff
is employed by the Department of Biosciences:
Sindre Holm – captain, Jan Sundøy – assistant
captain and Tom Opsahl – engineer.
Use, management and maintenance
The use and management of the vessels have been
stable in 2014. There have not been any sudden
cancellations, and the vessels are being kept in
good order with regards to both yearly and longterm maintenance. The routine maintenance is
the responsibility of the crew.
The Workshop at the Department contributes
heavily with mechanical repairs and maintenance
towards the vessels and their equipment. There
have been no accidents or damages involving
people or equipment in 2014.
INFRASTRUCTURE
61
Marine Research Station
www.mn.uio.no/ibv/forskning/om/infrastruktur/biologisk-stasjon
The Marine research station in Drøbak was estab­
lished as a field station in 1894 and includes the
original research station (Biologen) and a course
centre (Tollboden). Both the research station and
the course centre are today protected historic
buildings in the heritage conservation zone in the
city of Drøbak.
The Marine field station Drøbak (research station 1894)
© Hans Erik Karlsen
Personnel and Board
Director/manager: Associate professor Hans Erik
Karlsen. Technician: Cand. scient Grete Sørnes
(50% position), Scientific assistant: Cand scient:
Jens Ådne Rekkedal Haga (3 months). PhD stu­
dent: Rune Roland Hansen (12 months). Master
student Stein Hegvik (9 months).
Courses and seminar activity
A total of 1390 overnight stays were registered at
Tollboden in connection with courses, seminars
and meetings. A total of 2927 persons visited
the research station in 2014, and in all 15 guest
researchers stayed for shorter periods throughout
the year. Teaching activities in 2014 included 7
UiO field courses (BIO1200A 3 courses, BIO4140,
BIO4301, BIO4320 and BIO4371), 2 NMBU field
courses (ZOOL100), and 3 international universi­
ty field courses (from Germany, Hong Kong and
Saudi Arabia). In all, there were 90 days with field
courses in 2014. Seminars and meetings totalled
5 from UiO and 6 from external research institu­
tions. The scientific outreach consisted of contri­
butions in 2 meetings (Fish and seismic activity
in Svolvær) and EMBRC meeting at The Research
Station in Drøbak and NIVA’s research station at
Solbergstrand. Representatives from the Norwe­
gian Academy of Sciences and Letters visited the
station in May.
Research projects at the station in 2014 were:
“CollPen-Collective behaviour of penned herring:
Observing the collective behaviour and investi­
gating the effect of various sound stimuli” (NFR
– Institute of Marine Research (IMR) project), “Be­
haviour of weakly electric fish to impulse sound”
(Maria Wilson & Hans Erik Karlsen), “Hunting
behaviour and detection of water movements
generated by predators in cephalopods”- Walvig’s
Research Foundation (Maria Wilson & Hans Erik
Karlsen), “Effect of seismic sound on swimming
and feeding in fish” (Rune Roland Hansen &
Hans Erik Karlsen), “Monomyx”- Artsdatabanken
(Haakon Hansen and Egil Karlsbakk, The Nor­
wegian Veterinary Institute), “Frustation in fish:
The interplay between testosterone and serotonin
in mediating behavioural responses”- Walvig’s
Research Foundation (Ian Mayer, The Norwegian
School of Veterinary Science), “Polyskag”, (Jon
Anders Kongsrud, UiB and 8 other researches
from NIVA, NHM, University of Gotenburg), “Ne­
mertines” (Per Sundberg, University of Goten­
burg).
School visits
The Research Station has for more than 40 years
offered different types of 1-2 days of field cours­
es in marine biology. This popular activity was
continued in 2014 with a total of 27 days of field
courses for 25 school classes, i.e. 428 pupils and
41 teachers. 5 school classes stayed overnight at
Tollboden.
Facilities
The Research station is equipped with seawa­
ter inlet, aquaria and culture facilities enabling
studies of marine flora and fauna under controlled
conditions. The station has a microscopy lab with
sophisticated fluorescence microscopes and image
analyzing software, a chemical analysis lab, cold
storage facilities, seawater filtration system, air
INFRASTRUCTURE
62
compressor for scuba cylinders, 3 small boats,
field equipment and a marine sample collection.
The station is additionally furnished with all
relevant teaching aids for course and seminar
activity. Tollboden has a seminar room, kitchen,
laboratory and beds for 24 people. The laboratory
is equipped with microscopes and stereo micro­
scopes. It is seawater inlet and 2 aquaria for stud­
ies of marine flora and fauna nearby the house.
Development
Plans for expansion and future development of
the station have been developed and are currently
in review. In October 2014 UiO and the Drøbak
Marine Station participated in a collaborative
application to The Research Council in Norway
for funding of infrastructure upgrades in order
for the station to join the EMBRC network along
with The SARS-centre in Bergen, The Norwegian
University of Life Sciences (NMBU) and The Nor­
wegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA). At
Drøbak Marine Station a new facility (see photo
below) for increased saltwater aquaria and teach­
ing facilities are in the planning.
Finn Jørgen Walvig’s Research Foundation.
In his memory, the former long-time (37 years)
station director Finn Jørgen Walvig (1925-2009)
established a substantial research foundation at
Unifor (UiO) with the purpose to stimulate and
support basic aquatic research carried out at
his beloved Marine Research Station in Drøbak.
Grants from the foundation were available for the
second time in 2014.
Tollboden. The building is from 1855 and was a Customs Station until 1962. UiO took over the building in 1963, and
it has since then been a course and conference centre. © Hans Erik Karlsen.
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63
Finse Alpine Research Center
www.finse.uio.no
The Research Center at Finse is formally owned
by the University of Oslo (UiO), but the funding
to build the station was originally given on the
condition that the University of Bergen (UiB)
should have equal rights to the center. The center
is managed by Department of Biosciences at UiO,
and UiB contributes to the operating costs. The
Estate Department at UiO is responsible for the
buildings. The center has two main buildings:
a Research Unit with laboratories and 14 beds,
and a Course and Conference Unit with 44 beds.
Research and teaching connected with the MN
Faculties of both UiO and UiB have priority, but
the research station is also much used by other
research institutions from Norway and abroad.
The station takes part in a EU-funded infrastruc­
ture network of currently 71 circum arctic terres­
trial field stations/bases (see http://www.eu-inter­
act.org/), and provide transnational access grants
to researchers from other EU member states or
associated states. Further information about the
center is available on the station’s website: http://
www.finse.uio.no.
Operation and administration
The daily operation and administration of the cen­
ter is carried out by the director, Torbjørn Ergon
and the manager, Erika Leslie, both from the Dept.
of Biosciences at UiO. The station has a board
consisting of two scientific representatives and
one technical representative from both UiO and
UiB. The board is appointed by the Department
of Biosciences, UiO and the MN Faculty at UiB. In
2014, the board members were:
Chair: Atle Nesje, UiB (deputy: Göran Högstedt)
Scientific Representative, UiO, and vice leader:
Geir Hestmark (deputy: Klaus Høiland)
Scientific Representative, UiO: Dag Klaveness
(deputy: Ole Humlum)
Scientific Representative, UiB: Aage Paus, UiB
(deputy: Vigdis Vandvik)
Technical Representative, UiO: Hans Borg (deputy:
Johan Erland)
Technical Representative, UiB: Solfrid Hjelmtveit
(deputy: Knut Helge Jensen)
For the sixth consecutive year, the center em­
ployed a summer assistant for maintenance work
and assistance in the practical operation of the
center (e.g. transportation, cleaning, etc.). Users
of the research station also had the opportunity to
hire the assistant at a fixed hourly rate covering
employment costs.
The catering agreement with Tajo a/s at the
Course and Conference Unit works well and will
be continued.
Research activity
The number of working days in connection with
research activities at the station in 2014 was 342
(279 overnight stays). 93% of the research work­
ing days took place during the summer months
of June, July, August and September. In total 37
persons from 12 institutions used the station for
research activities during 2014. Most researchers
came from UiO (10 persons, 104 working days),
while researchers from the Norwegian Universi­
ty of Life Sciences lay down more working days
at the station (8 persons, 145 working days). Of
the 10 researchers/students/assistants from UiO,
10 came from Department of Biosciences (89
working days), one came from Department of
Geosciences (8 working days), and one came from
Natural History Museum (6 working days). Other
research institutions using the station were (num­
ber of persons in parenthesis): Hradec Kralove
University, Tsjekkia (4), Norwegian Institute for
Nature Research (4), University of Bergen (3),
Lancaster University (2), University of Rostock (2),
Biology Center ASCR, Tsjekkia (1), Charles Uni­
versity Prague (1), Imperial College (1), Museum
and gallery of Orlicke mountains, Tsjekkia (1), and
Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority (1).
A brief description of each research project at the
center and a list of publications are published on
the center’s website: www.finse.uio.no/research/
INFRASTRUCTURE
64
Finse Alpine Research Center © Erika A. Leslie
Courses and seminars
A total of 1316 overnight stays and 384 persons
were registered in connection with courses, sem­
inars and meetings in the course and conference
unit of the center. The course and conference unit
was in use during 68 days throughout the year.
The following regular university field courses
were held at the center (chronological order):
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Atmospheric physics (GEF 2200), UiO (3 days
in March, 8 participants)
Snow, Snow Hydrology and Avalanches (GEO
4430), UiO (3 days in March, 14 participants)
Alpine Ecology (BIO 259), University of Bir­
mingham (8 days in July, 30 participants)
Biodiversity (BIO 1200), UiO (3 groups of 5
days in July/Aug, 78 participants)
Physical Geography (GEO 1010), UiO (7 days
in August, 90 participants)
Quaternary Geology (GEOL 106), UiB (8 days
in August/September, 60 participants)
Limnology II (BIO 4390), UiO (4 days in Au­
gust, 4 participants)
Glacial and periglacial geomorphology (GEO
4410), UiO (7 days in September, 7 partici­
pants)
The station also housed three other academic
events in 2014:
•
•
•
Seminar, Department of Biology, UiB (2 days
in March, 14 participants)
CRYOMET seminar, Dept. of Geosciences,
UiO (3 days in April, 14 participants)
“Fægridagane”, Biology teachers’ course in
alpine ecology, Skolelaboratoriet, UiB (4 days
in July, 20 participants)
Other activities and outreach
The station is part of an EU-funded network of
now 71 circum-arctic terrestrial field stations in
the Scandinavian countries (including Spitsber­
gen), Russia, Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Iceland,
Faroe Islands and Scotland (see http://www.
eu-interact.org/). The leaders of the stations par­
ticipate in a Station Managers Forum that meets
about twice yearly. The network also administers
a Transnational Access research funding scheme
and coordination of joint research and monito­
ring programs and outreach. In 2014, the station
hosted three research groups (7 researchers for a
total of 48 work days) through this scheme. The
EU-funding period ended in December 2014. An
application to continue and extend the network
was submitted to EU’s Horizon 2020 program, but
was unfortunately not funded. However, we were
invited to submit a revise the application, which
will be reviewed in the autumn.
The center participates in the Finse Forum, where
representatives from local business, NGO’s and lo­
cal governments meet twice a year. Several school
classes and a scout group visited the station and
were given an introduction to alpine ecology. With
assistance from the Department’s Science commu­
nication adviser (Tore Oldeide Elgvin) we initiated
a section for public outreach on our web-pages:
http://www.finse.uio.no/natur-og-historie/. An
editorial board has been established that will solicit
and edit contributions to these webpages. Short
versions of the articles will also be laminated and
mounted on the station’s notice board along the
Old Navvy road (Rallarveien) next to the station,
and thus be available for thousands of bikers pas­
sing every year during the summer months.
Annexes
The Garpen cabin, which belongs to the research
station, is rented out on a daily basis to staff and
students at UiO and UiB. The cabin has been ren­
ovated over the last years, and there has been
increased interest in using the cabin. During the
most busy summer weeks, Garpen is used for
extra accommodation for researchers and sum­
mer employees at the station. In 2014 the cabin
was used in 98 days. The station also has a lease
agreement with landowners in Ulvik to have ac­
cess of the Torbjørnstølen cabin for similar pur­
poses.
Technical upgrades
GR-bygg completed work on the roof on the build­
ings, in addition to various repair and upgrade
work.
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65
Laboratory School in Biology
www.mn.uio.no/ibv/om/skolelab
During 2014 the school lab has been involved in
several projects both within teaching, dissemina­
tion and research. Almost 700 pupils have been
visiting the school lab and almost 200 teachers
have attended different courses. We are proud
of our achievements for 2014 however we aim to
reach even higher in 2015. We firmly believe that
our activities contribute to greater focus on UiO
and IBV as an institution for higher education.
The school lab acts as a link between the school
and higher education and our aim is to ensure
that teaching biology at IBV holds a high scientific
level and at the same time is based and build on
the biology curricula in school. In this way we
aim to ensure that the transition from school to
higher education is as smooth as possible for the
students without sacrificing the professional and
scientific quality of our education.
The following people have been employed at the
Laboratory School of Biology in 2014:
•
•
•
•
•
Tone Fredsvik Gregers; 100% permanent posi­
tion as ”førstelektor”.
Kristin Glørstad Tsigaridas; 100% temporary
position. Kristin is a teacher (lektor) at Ullern
videregående skole
Cato Tandberg; Oslo and Akershus Universi­
ty College of Applied Sciences: hired in 20%
position from September
Ivan Myhre Winje; PhD student from the
Section of Physiology and Cell Biology has
teaching duties in the Laboratory School.
Pernille Nilsson; PhD student from Centre for
Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis has
teaching duties in the Laboratory School.
The Laboratory School resource group consists
of Halvor Aarnes (IBV), Tom Andersen (IBV), Pål
Fallnes (IBV, sabbatical in 2014) and Doris Jorde
(Norwegian Centre for Science Education). The
resource group had only one meeting during
2014, December 17th.
Teacher training (without exam and study points)
We aim to perform teacher training in biology for
teachers in upper secondary school, both practical
and theoretical courses. In 2014 we received a
total of 182 teachers divided between 8 courses.
The following courses have been arranged;
Course in biotechnology for teachers, January
In collaboration with the Norwegian Biotechnolo­
gy Advisory Board we arranged a two-day course
in biotechnology and bioethics. The course was
divided in a theoretical and a practical part. The
theoretical part contained several lectures with
invited speakers and the topics ranged from vac­
cines, gene modified plants and insects and ethi­
cal aspects of biotechnology. During the practical
part we performed two different experiments:
“detection of GMO using PCR” and “detection of
HPV antibodies using ELISA”. The teachers were
also offered to visit different laboratories at IBV,
The Radium Hospital, The Biotechnology Centre
of Oslo and The Norwegian Institute of Public
Health. The leader of the Norwegian Biotechnolo­
gy Advisory Board, Kristin Halvorsen also attend­
ed the course one day.
Course in “Text in Biology”, March and November
Biology 2 is far the most difficult exam to obtain
good results and teachers often find it challeng­
ing to train their students in writing scientific
biology; therefore we arranged a one-day theore­
tical course in biology texts already in 2013. Here
we discussed strategies and ways to prepare the
students towards the exam. The course was very
popular and we were asked to arrange the course
again in 2014. We arranged the course twice, both
times fully booked.
Seminar in biology 2 exam from spring 2014, August
We arranged a 3-hour seminar about the biology 2
exam from spring 2014 for biology teachers where
the results, answers, misconceprions and chal­
lenges were discussed. Kirsten Fiskum from The
Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training
gave an overview of the process of making the
central given exam in Biology 2.
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66
Course in experimental design and reports, teachers
from Hersleb vgs, October
7 teachers from Hersleb vgs attended a 2 times
half-day course in experimental design and train­
ing in writing skills focusing on how to write lab
reports.
Techniques in immunology, Natural Science Conference
2014, October
During the “Natural Science Conference 2014”
arranged by the Norwegian Centre for Science Ed­
ucation, the Laboratory School contributed with
a teacher’s practical course in immunological
techniques. 17 teachers attended the course.
Course in cell respiration and photosynthesis, October
In 2014 we arranged a one-day course performing
easy and low-cost experiments in cell respiration
and photosynthesis. The feedback from teachers
attending the course was: “Excellent! This is so
easy I can even perform it with my 10-year old”.
School visits
In collaboration with some of the research groups
at the Department, the school lab has developed
several educational units designed for school vi­
sits. These units disseminate some of the research
performed at the different sections and are also
linked to the curricula for Natural Science and
Biology 1 and -2. During 2014 we could offer one
new unit in X-linked inheritance concerning
haemophilia A. Some of the courses have been
very popular among pupils in Upper Secondary
School, but we also received visits from classes
from 10th grade. In 2014, 492 pupils from 27 dif­
ferent schools have attended the different courses
offered. In comparison 9 different schools visited
the school lab in 2013. The pupils are mainly from
Oslo and Akershus however we also receive visits
from Oppland (Valdres and Dokka Vgs), Telemark
(Rjukan Vgs), Hedemark (Storsteigen Vgs) and
Sogn-og Fjorande (Nordfjordeid Vgs).
The following courses were offered in 2014:
Course in cell biology and microscopy, December
In this course we studied structure and func­
tion of different eukaryotic cell types using light
microscopy: plant cells from Elodea and red
onion, blood cells, skin and muscle cells, and
we performed different experiments illustrating
structure and function. Membrane transport was
central in almost all experiments which is import­
ant in the curricula after 10th grade and in biology
1. Frode Skjeldal gave a lecture in live cell imaging.
Continuing education and training (with exam and
study points)
From August 2014 we could offer a continuing
education and training programme for teachers in
natural sciences. In collaboration with the Labora­
tory School of physics, chemistry and the Natural
History Museum in Oslo we have designed and
developed a 30-study point course (NAT2010V and
NAT2020V) in natural science level 2 (Naturfag 2)
for teachers teaching 8th -11th grade. The first part,
from August to December, contained physics and
general chemistry (NAT2010V) and was closed
with a 15-study points exam 10th of December.
Organic chemistry and biology (NAT 2020V) will
be closed with a 15-study points exam on 10th of
June 2015. The course is arranged as three parallel
groups containing approximately 20 teachers in
each group from all over the country.
Transformation of E. coli
We transform the bacteria E.coli with a gene from
the jellyfish Aequera victoria that codes for Green
Fluorescent Protein (GFP). The pupils are intro­
duced to GMO, gene regulation and selection. 11
classes have attended this course.
Detecting HIV by the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay (ELISA-method)
In this course we use the ELISA-method to illus­
trate important principals in immunology. Our
context is detection of HIV-antibodies. 5 classes
have attended this course.
Cystic fibrosis - a gene test
The pupils learn about genetic testing of the
autosomal recessive disease cystic fibrosis. They
perform restriction digestion of different DNA
samples and make a pedigree based on the re­
sults. 4 classes have attended this course.
X-linked inheritage - a gene test
The pupils learn about genetic testing of the
X-linked recessive disease Hemophilia A. As for
cystic fibrosis, they perform restriction digestion
of different DNA sample and make a pedigree
based on the results. The course was new autumn
2014 and 1 class has attended this course.
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67
Photosynthesis
In this course the pupils are introduced to pho­
tosynthesis through experiments with the green
algae Scenedesmus quadricauda. The level of
photosynthesis is investigated by varying the
intensity or wavelength of the light in addition to
varying amount of light and cell density. A hy­
drogencarbonate indicator measures the level of
photosynthesis. 3 classes attended the course.
has 2 biology students in their student recruit­
ment program. We have collaboration with the
faculty where we offer one-hour student infor­
mation and a tour at the biology building and the
campus in conjunction with the school visits. The
feedback from the pupils and teachers are solely
positive and is part of the faculty’s recruitment
strategy. All visiting schools received this pro­
gram in 2014.
Cell respiration
In this course the pupils study anaerobe respira­
tion in yeast. By using different concentrations of
sugar they investigate the respiration efficiency
by measuring the level of CO2 production. 2 class­
es attended the course.
Teaching
NAT 2000 is a course held by the Department of
teacher education and school research, Faculty of
educational sciences. The Laboratory School has
contributed in both planning and teaching this
course. In addition, we have written a compendi­
um for use in the course. NAT2000 is a collabora­
tion between the School laboratories in chemistry,
physics and biology, and gives the students a
practical introduction to natural science.
Lectures
Teachers also contact us for lectures and campus
tours without the practical lab experiment. In
2014 Anne K. Brysting and Klaus Høiland both
contributed with lectures for pupils from 2 differ­
ent classes.
Oslo municipality and UiO collaboration, Hersleb Vgs
Collaboration between UiO and Hersleb vgs was
initiated spring 2014. The school reopened after
several years of renovation in August 2014 as a
new Upper Secondary School with specific focus
on biology and geosciences. Together with the
Natural History Museum in Oslo we contributed
and supported different parts of the teaching in
natural science. 4 classes of approximately 30
students each came in November and performed
gene testing of cystic fibrosis. 7 teachers attended
our newly developed science-writing course in
October.
Ungforsk
Ungforsk is a 2-day event at UiO where 10th grad­
ers from Oslo and Akershus are invited to a day
full of science research activities. 180 10th graders
from 6 different schools came to the school lab for
a 45 minutes “crash course” in DNA isolation. All
the students made their own DNA necklace which
they could bring home.
Student information and campus tour
The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
The Laboratory school was also asked to give a
lecture at the new master course BIO4001.
Research in didactics
In collaboration with the Norwegian Center for
Science Education and the Department of Teacher
Education and School Research (ILS) we applied
in 2013 for funding to a project where we aimed
to investigate the education of biology teachers
at UiO with particular interest in the pedagogical
and didactic education (PPU). We were grant­
ed with 50000 NOK from the KiS (Kunnskap i
skolen)-program at the Faculty of Educational
Sciences. The project was initiated in 2014 and a
questionnaire was developed and sent to all Upper
Secondary Schools in Norway in September 2014.
314 teachers answered the questionnaire and the
results are highly interesting, however they need
proper analysis and interpretations. We therefore
applied for additional funding to continue the
project in 2015. We have been further granted
with 30000 NOK.
We aim to understand the background of biology
teachers, their level of knowledge and teaching
methods (both lab and field work) in order to
contribute to better education of, not only biology
students at the Department of Biosciences (IBV),
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68
but also natural science teacher-students (lek­
torstudenter) in general at UiO. The results will
be presented both at IBV, ILS and the Norwegian
Center for Science Education during 2015.
Dissemination of biological research –
Bio-Thursday
In collaboration with the science library we
arrange Bio-Thursday last Thursday each month.
Different scientists from the Department of Bio­
sciences contribute with popular scientific talks.
The talks are streamed live and are available for
download. The scientists who contributed in 2014
were Professor Glenn-Peter Sætre, Professor Kejtil
S. Jacobsen and researcher Melinka A. Butenko.
The Bio-Thursdays continue in 2015.
Visit from politicians
November 11th we had a visit from the school
council in Oslo, Anniken Hauglie. She attended
one of our visits from Hersleb Vgs and joined the
students in performing gene testing. She stayed
for approximately 45 minutes.
Participation in externally working group designated by the The Norwegian Directorate for
Education and Training
The assignment for the working group have been
to deliver a report that will give decision-mak­
ers a platform of knowledge about the common
core subject natural science and the programme
subjects biology, chemistry, physics, geosciences
and, technology and theory of research (teknologi
og forskningslære).
Media
We had two different media coverage in 2014:
To videregående skoler under UiOs vinger (Unifo­
rum)
www.uniforum.uio.no/nyheter/2014/11/to-videre­
gaende-skoler-under-uios-vinger.html
Gode gener for biologi (Dagsavisen)
www.uniforum.uio.no/nyheter/2014/11/to-videre­
gaende-skoler-under-uios-vinger.html
Social media
We are both on Facebook and twitter:
www.facebook.com/skolelab
twitter.com/Skolelab
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69
The Biological Students´ Committee (BFU)
www.biologiskfagutvalg.com
www.facebook.com/pages/Biologisk-fagutvalg/833354343364547
The Biological Students` Committee (Biologisk Fa­
gutvalg, BFU) is a student body for undergraduate
and graduate students connected to the Depart­
ment of Biosciences (IBV). BFU works to create
and maintain a good academic and social environ­
ment for all students.
2014 was a particularly proud year for BFU, as
Studentsamskipnaden i Oslo og Akershus (SiO)
and the University of Oslo named the committee
“Student organization of the year”! The main
argument for the award was BFUs strong con­
tribution in making students feel affiliated with
IBV, through social and academic events, and the
buddy week.
Speaking of the buddy week, this was a great suc­
cess in 2014. The week welcomes new students
with interesting lectures, social events, compe­
titions, excursions and parties. Many fantastic
buddies made a great job integrating the new
students!
One of the traditional events hosted by BFU in
2014 were the weekly breakfasts “Frokost hos
Kristine”, which serve free food and a lecture. The
breakfasts were as popular as ever, and funding
from the Student Parliament allowed for a great
improvement of the food offered. BFU was also
responsible for two interesting debates: “Climate
efforts - a threat to the Norwegian environment?”
in May and “How to be a responsible consumer?”
in November.
Some of the excursions hosted by BFU were
part of an “extended buddy week” in the spring
semester, which seeks to further socialize first
year students. The program included a trip to
Tusenfryd, a “Night at the museum” and a cere­
mony to congratulate the first year students on
being one step closer to becoming true biologists.
The “Night at the museum” was a new concept,
where students learned about some of the strange
things in “Studiesamlingen” while drinking and
eating pizza. The event was very popular and was
repeated in September.
BFU also arranged a biodiversity mapping trip
with SABIMA, a mushroom hike and a fossil
expedition. “Biografen” continued to host movie
nights, and screened movies such as “Into the
Wild”, “The Mask” and “Sharknado”.
In February, a winter party was hosted togeth­
er with FuMBV, with lots of tapas and fun. The
collaboration with FuMBV continued in June with
a summer party to close up the academic year. In
October, new students were invited to party along
at “Biologisk Aften”. Smaller parties were also
held, further from the IBV, at the semiannual BFU
hosted cabin trips.
Continuing the success from 2013, a career day
was arranged in 2014 as well, together with Fu­
MBV. A broad specter of different institutions and
businesses showed up, and interesting speech­
es, free pizza and happy students made the day
complete.
As is the case every year, BFU put down import­
ant work through student representatives in
significant boards and groups at IBV in 2014. The
committee also organized exam preparations in
all the biggest biology subjects. In December, a
voting took place among biology students to name
the lecturer of the year. Biologist Jens Ådne Haga
won the polling, and was awarded “The Golden
Pointer” by BFU at the IBV Christmas party.
On a final note, BFU encourages all employees
at IBV to attend the committees’ events, to allow
for improved communication and socialization
between researchers and students.
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The Student Committee for Molecular Biosciences
fuimbv.com
The Student Committee for Molecular Biosciences
is a body for students studying molecular biology,
physiology and biological chemistry at an under­
graduate and graduate level. The primary goal of
the Committee is to maintain a good social and
academic environment for the students.
The Committee organizes several social events for
the students, some once and others several times
per semester. It is important to the members of
the committee that these events are available for
all the students. The Committee is selling lab coats
to help fund the events, and we also receive funds
from the department and the faculty.
The most popular event so far is the Board Game
night. This has become a huge success, and is held
three to four times each semester. We provide
board games, snacks and beverages, and on some
occasions free pizza. It is a casual and fun way
for student from the entire department to get to
know each other and take a break from the daily
grind.
Another event we have had several times in
2014 is the IBV - Soda/Beer. It is an event where
students get to meet each other in a casual en­
vironment. Two to three times per semester the
Committee invites students to join us at a bar or
café in Oslo, creating “togetherness”. Quizzes will
be next.
Our biggest social events during the year are the
winter party, summer party, the buddy week for
new students, and cabin trips. The winter party
was held in February in the Kristine Bonnevie
canteen, together with BFU, and included a tapas
dinner, singing, dancing, and a live band. Over
100 students attended. The summer party was
also organized together with BFU, and was held at
a Mexican restaurant. It included a great dinner,
speeches from the leaders of the two student
Committees, and the student advisors handed out
flowers to the graduating students. First year stu­
dents were given a small microscope as a prize for
their good work in finishing the first year of their
bachelor’s degree.
At the beginning of the fall semester the Commit­
tee helped the “buddies” arrange a fun and invi­
ting week for the students starting their bachelor
studies in Molecular Biosciences. This included
several fun games and quizzes, parties, dinners,
lunches, and tours of the campus. It is a very im­
portant week, and the Committee works hard to
make the new students feel welcome, and get to
know each other, the campus and some of Oslo.
The cabin trip was held in the fall of 2014, and it
was very popular among the students. Almost 50
people joined the Committee to a cabin in Nord­
marka, outside Oslo. The trip consisted of a good
dinner, fun games and a lot of socializing among
students across grades. It was a nice way to en­
sure that new (and old) students met new people.
Academically the Committee helps the students
by arranging oracle service before final exams,
where the students may ask a professor or stu­
dent fellow last minute questions. Fruit, cookies
and beverages are served at the oracle, and the
professors/fellows are rewarded for their help.
INFRASTRUCTURE
71
Health, Safety and Environment
New HSE team
After the reorganization of IBV per January 2014 a
new HSE organization was established, with one
HSE coordinator (HSE-c) and 6 dedicated local
HSE coordinators (HSE-i) making up the new HSE
team. They will support the head of the depart­
ment and section leaders in their HSE work. The
purpose of local HSE-team is to assist ­employees
at different levels in fulfillment of their HSE
­responsibilities.
• First part of ARK - work environment and satis­
faction surveys – was conducted in 2014, action
plan follow-ups will continue into 2015.
• Reports of injuries, accidents and HSE devi­
ations at the Department have been low and
probably a bit inadequate through the years.
The importance of reporting deviations has
been emphasized, resulting in more incident
report in 2014 than previous years.
• The section leaders made sure that the safety
inspections were carried out in all sections.
The HMS team at IBV consists of (section):
• Anders Moen (BMB)
• Anders Herland (CEES) – special focus on field­
work HME
• Berit Kaasa (AQUA)
• Cecilie Mathiesen (EVOGENE)
• Nanna Winger Steen (CEES)
• Tove Klungvik Larsen (FYSCELL)
The HSE Focus in 2014 was HSE training.
Systematic HSE work at IBV
• The Management HSE review was conducted
and presented for the IBV-board and to the
section leaders.
• There have been three meetings in the local
working environment committee (LWEC). The
agendas and the minutes from these meetings
are published at the Departments web pages.
• Risk assessment continues
Risk assessment – working in the laboratories
After the Labour Inspection Authority (LIA) in­
spection at IBV in 2013, the Department was cre­
dited for the work that has been done regarding
HSE in the last years, specially the LIA was inte­
rested to see how the work with risk assessments
continues. That is why IBV has continued the
focus getting the risk assessment in place. “A well
functioning system for risk assessment should be
established and incorporated as a natural part of
all activities at the department”. This has resulted
in more than 123 new risk assessments conducted
in 2014 making a total of 200 published working
procedures with step by step risk assessment.
INFRASTRUCTURE
72
Total (SSOP+PSOP)
Safety inspections 2014
Safety inspections are an important part of the
systematic HSE work and a tool for improving
the work environment. The LWEC and HMS-team
recommended the following focus areas:
•
•
HSE training procedure – do staff and student
know the HSE system at UiO?
Ergonomics – office workplace
The section leaders headed the safety inspections,
in addition the safety representatives, techni­
cal staff and the HSE coordinator participated.
Written reports were made. While the inspection
showed that there are more than 97% of the staff
knew where to find safety installation and safety
equipment, only 37% had taken the mandatory
safety courses and 60 % had satisfying know­ledge
about the HSE system at UiO. There will be a
focus in 2015 to improve these numbers.
HSE training
The management at the department, HSE-team,
safety representatives and the HSE coordinator
have taken the HSE necessary foundation cour­
ses arranged by UiO. Many new employees have
taken the UiO HSE courses in dangerous work
and fire safety.
IBV has taken part in the E-teaching program ini­
tiated by the MN-faculty. This aims at improving
the quality of the HMS-training dramatically.
HSE information
The HSE web pages were redesign by HSE-team
with help from HMS UiO in 2014. The paper based
HSE handbook is obsolete and replaced by UiO
HSE system SN-BS OHSAS 18001:2007 with UiO
procedure and tools in addition to local IBV pro­
cedures, making the HSE system electronic. The
SOP and risk assessment has been made available
for the UiO community.
IBVs HSE price 2014
The AQUA section was awarded the HMS-price
2014. At AQUA they have established a local
documented HMS training for all new students.
The course consists of a 3 hour session, with
emphasis on relevant and necessary HSE for the
work that the students will do in the section. This
is an initiative which involves the whole section.
Special thanks to Bente Edvardsen, Berit Kaasa,
Sissel Brubak, Stein Kaartvedt, Stein Fredriksen
and Per-Johan Færøvig for their contribution.
APPENDIX
6
APPENDIX
73
RCN projects
Project name
Project manager Main funding
Period
Dissection and comparison of cell separation processes
in plants
Partners and Networks - Peptide Ligand-Receptor
signaling in cell seapration processes in plants
SinoTropia - Watershed Eutrophication management
in China through system oriented process modelling of
Pressures, Impacts and Abatement actions
Developing methods for study of redox proteins
by combining synchrotron radiation (e.g.
mcrystallography) and single-crystal spectroscopy
3D protein structure, active site structure, and function
of metallo- and radical proteins
Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR)
Aalen, R.
RCN
2011-2016
Aalen, R.
RCN
2012-2016
Andersen, T.
RCN
2011-2016
Andersson, K. K. RCN
2012-2016
Andersson, K. K. RCN
2012-2017
Bakke, O.
RCN
2007-2017
A national subcellular imaging platform
Bakke, O.
RCN
2012-2017
The intracellular pathway for MHC Class II antigen
presentation
Tracking viking-assisted dispersal of biodiversity using
ancient DNA
Effects of changes in discharges, climate and other
factors on coastal contaminants and their biological
consequences
Causes and consequences of high loads of
biomagnifying pollutants in avian top redators in the
Arctic
Regulatory RNA and the origin of multicellularity
Bakke, O.
RCN
2014-2018
Boessenkool, S.
RCN
2014-2018
Borgå, K.
RCN/NIVA
2014-2016
Borgå,
K.,Hylland K.
RCN/NINA
2014-2016
Bråte, J.
RCN
2012-2015
Characterisation of novel peptide ligand-receptor
complexes in plants
Decoding signalling and specificity of plant peptide
ligand-receptor networks
Role of macrophages for cancer eradication by the
immune system
Strategic and dynamic aspects of fisheries management
under uncertainty
Seasonal to decadal Changes Affecting Marine
Productivity: an Interdisciplinary investigation
Diversity and dynamics of marine haptophytes
Butenko, M. A.
RCN
2013-2015
Butenko, M. A.
RCN
2014-2018
Corthay, A.
RCN
2012-2016
Diekert, F.
RCN
2014-2014
Durant, J.
RCN/NERSC
2014-2017
Edvardsen, B.
RCN
2009-2014
Bioprospecting marine microalgae - underprosjekt
Edvardsen, B.
RCN
2013-2014
MIKROPOLAR - Processes and Players in Arctic Marine
Edvardsen, B.
RCN/UIB
2013-2017
Toxic Algae; taxonomy, quantification and early
warning
Unraveling the chromatome of specific loci
Edvardsen, B.
RCN/NIVA
2010-2014
Eskeland, R.
RCN
2014-2018
Characterization of plant associated AlkB-like
demethylases
Wobble uridine modifications in mammalian tRNA biogenesis and function
Neural processing and plasticity in cortical circuits of
behaveing animals
Experience-induced synaptic plasticity and network
activity in visual cortex
Development of biodegradable nanobeads as vaccines
against tuberculosis
Development of nanoparticle based therapies against
tuberculosis in the zebrafish model
Falnes P.
RCN
2009-2014
Falnes P.
RCN
2012-2015
Fyhn, M.
RCN
2011-2016
Fyhn, M.
RCN
2012-2017
Griffiths, G. W.
RCN
2012-2015
Griffiths, G. W.
RCN
2012-2016
APPENDIX
74
Vaccination against intracellular bacterial pathogens for Griffiths, G. W.
aquaculture - Delprosjekt
Explaining the Roles and Epigenetic Mechanisms of
Grini, P. E.
Imprinting in Seed Development
The muscle exitation-transcription coupling
Gundersen, K.
RCN
2014-2017
RCN
2012-2016
RCN
2009-2014
From Racial typology to DNA sequencing: Race and
ethnicity and the science of human genetic variation
1945-2012, NFR 220741
Maturation of the elctrophysiological and intracellular
signaling systems in teleost gonadotropes during
puberty
Phytoplankton size: Climatic adaptation and long-term
evolution
Structural basis for electron transfer in and
betweenredox proteins, recognition, selectivity and
flexibility
BiodivERsA Biodiversity dynamics and tipping points in
our future freshwater ecosystems
Effects of climate change on boreal lake ecosystems:
productivity and community responses
Biodiversity management and the Water Framework
Directive under climate change (BiWA)
Link populations to food-chain
Hagelberg, E.
RCN/NTM
2013-2017
Haug, T.
RCN
2009-2014
Henderiks, J.
RCN
2010-2014
Hersleth, H.-P.
RCN
2014-2017
Hessen, D.O.
RCN
2013-2015
Hessen, D.O.
RCN
2013-2016
Hessen, D.O.
RCN/NINA
2013-2016
Hjermann, D.
RCN/IRIS
2012-2014
Genetic variability in population responses of Atlantic
cod to environmental change
Challenges towards sustainable aquafeeds-plant
nutrients and contaminants interactions - use of
biological models and indicators - NFR 200506/I30
Micro- and nanoplastic impacts on the marine
environment
Norwegian High-Throughput Sequencing Centre - Phase I
Hutchings, J.
RCN
2014-2015
Hylland, K.
RCN/NIFES
2011-2015
Hylland, K.
RCN/NIVA
2013-2016
Jakobsen, K.S.
RCN
2010-2015
Translating the cod genome for aquaculture
Jakobsen, K.S.
RCN
2010-2015
Functional and comparative immunology of a teleosts
world without MHC II
The Aqua Genome project
Jakobsen, K.S.
RCN
2013-2017
Jakobsen, K.S.
RCN
2013-2017
The Norwegian Sequencing Centre - Phase II
Jakobsen, K.S.
RCN
2014-2017
Novel techniques for seabed monitoring of CO2 leakage
and monitoring campaigns based on reservoir, cap rock
and overburden migration models
Assessment of long-term effects of oil exposure on early
life stages of Atlantic haddock using state-of -the art
genomics tools in combination with fitness observations
Adaptation or plasticity as response to large scale
translocations and harvesting over a climatic gradient in
the marine ecosystem?
Collective behaviour of penned herring: Observing the
collective
Climate change effects on the fungal ecosystems
Jakobsen, K.S.
RCN
2014-2016
Jentoft, S.
RCN/HI
2014-2016
Jentoft, S.
RCN/Univ.Agder
2014-2017
Karlsen, H.E.
RCN/HI
2011-2014
Kauserud, H.
RCN
2013-2016
Arctic Field Grant
Kauserud, H.
RCN + legat
2014-2014
X-cell parasites: an emerging threat to marine
Klaveness, D.
RCN/Andre
2012-2015
Biokjemisk kontaktmøte 2014
Kristensen, T.
RCN
2014-2014
The role og disinhibition in sensory processing
Vervaeke, Koen
RCN
2014-2017
Glycan evolution in a bacterial model system of protein
glycosylation
Membrane nanotube formation model system of
protein glycosylation
Koomey, M.
RCN
2012-2016
Koster, G.
RCN
2012-2016
APPENDIX
75
Phanerozoic diversification: linking observation and
process
Genetic architecture in Drosophila - The role of the
Liow, L.H.
RCN
2014-2018
Martinsen, L.
RCN
2011-2014
LAND: Partial migration of red deer and tick
Mysterud, A.
RCN
2011-2015
LAND: Delimiting functional management units for
partially migratory deer populations
(MANECO) Managing ecosystem services in low alpine
cultural landscapes
Biogeographic and population analyses of
Thermotogales bacteria from hydrocarbon-rich
environments
LAND: Pollination; an ecosystem service affected by
climate change
Evolutionary ecology and hydrology - the effects of
stream flow dynamics on the white-throated dipper
Mechanisms of anoxic survival
Mysterud, A.
RCN
2014-2018
Mysterud, A.
2012-2014
Nesbø, C.
RCN/
Vitenskapsmuseet
RCN
Nielsen, A.
RCN
2014-2017
Nilsson, A.
RCN
2013-2016
Nilsson, G. E.
RCN
2014-2017
BioStruct - National Graduate School in Structural
Biology
Genome dynamics in early eukaryotic evolution:
importance of enigmatic lineages
Traffic through and around the Golgi apparatus in
epithelia-determine the apical and basolateral surface
glycoproteomes
Toxic Algae: Taxonomy, Quantification and Early
Warning
Development of novel drugs for prostate cancer
Nissen-Meyer, J.
RCN/UiT
2013-2016
Orr, R.
RCN
2014-2017
Prydz, K.
RCN
2010-2014
Roos, N.
RNC/NIVA
2010-2014
Saatcioglu, F.
RCN
20014-2017
Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR)
Sandlie, I.
RCN
2007-2017
New perspective on IgG function
Sandlie, I.
RCN
2012-2015
A novel targeted mucosal vaccine
Sandlie, I.
RCN
2013-2017
InHouse: The genomic and physiological basis of
Skrede, I.
invasiveness in a harmful house-invader
Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES) Stenseth, N.C.
RCN
2013-2017
RCN-SFF
2007-2017
Flexibility and constraints in animal movement
Stenseth, N.C.
RCN
2010-2014
Fisheries induced evolution in Atlantic cod
Stenseth, N.C.
RCN
2011-2015
Strengthening the adaptive capacity of institutions in
fisheries
Bringing together evolution and ecology through the
Red Queen perspective
Climate Changes and Zoonotic Epidemiology in Wildlife
Systems (ZEWS)
Red Queen coevolution in multispecies communities:
long-term evolutionary consequences of biotic and
abiotic interactions
ADMAR Adaptive management of living marine
resources by integrating different data sources and key
ecological processes
Managing resource and area conflicts in the coastal
zone, exemplified by cod on the Skagerrak coast, NFR
216410/O10
Norwegian Marine Data Centre (NMDC)
Stenseth, N.C.
RCN
2012-2017
Stenseth, N.C.
RCN
2012-2016
Stenseth, N.C.
RCN
2013-2016
Stenseth, N.C.
RCN
2013-2017
Stenseth, N.C.
RCN/HI
2010-2015
Stenseth, N.C.
RCN/HI
2012-2014
Stenseth, N.C.
RCN/HI
2012-2022
SYMBIOSES - Constructing an integrated modelling
framework for decision support in ecosystem-based
management: case study Lofoten/Barents Sea
Behavioral responses to risk and uncertainty among
Norwegian fishers - NFR 224818
On the evolutionary genomics and behavioural ecology
of homoploid hybrid speciation in Passer sparrows
Stenseth, N.C.
RCN/AkvaplanNIVA
2011-2014
Stenseth, N.C.
RCN/SNF
2013-2015
Sætre, G.P.
RCN
2011-2014
2008-2015
APPENDIX
76
Modeling microbial dynamics of the human infant gut
Trosvik, P.
RCN
2014-2017
Exploring the epigenetic mechanisms of stress
adaprtion in plants
Applying a new demographic framework to understand
and project consequences of climate change in size and age-structured populations
Tracking signatures of adaptive diversification during
postglacial colonization: the build-up of genomic
isolation in threespine stickleback
Hydropower and connectivity in inland rivers
Veiseth, S. V.
RCN
2013-2016
Vindenes, Y.
RCN
2013-2016
Vøllestad, L.A.
RCN
2010-2015
Vøllestad, L.A.
RCN/NINA
2013-2015
Other public sector/private sector projects
Project name
Project manager
Main funding
Period
European Light Microscopy Initiative, ELMI conference, 2014
Bakke, O.
Diverse
2013-2014
The intracellular pathway for MHC II antigen
presentation
Professor II - avtale
Bakke, O.
Kreftforeningen
2010-2015
Brech, A.
CCB, UiO
2012-2017
Forsker II - avtale
Bruusgaard, J.
Forsker II - avtale
Bruusgaard, J.
Vindkraft rein - Vindkraftverks innvirkning på
reindrift i forhold til fremtidig
BryoFungi : Mapping and barcoding the diversity of
bryophyte-associated fungi in Norway
The role of two histone H2A.Z variants in normal
development and cancer
Chromatin organisation in cancer
Colman, J.
Atlantis medisinske
2013-2014
høgskole
Norges
2014-2015
Helsehøgskole,
Campus Kristiania
NVE, Div. finansiører 2004-2015
Davey, M.
Artsdatabanken
2014-2015
Eskeland, R.
Kreftforeningen
2012-2016
Eskeland, R.
Kreftforeningen
2014-2018
Functional studies of cancer relevant methylases,
demethylases, and hydroxylases
GEN-TARE : Risikovurdering ved utsetting av ikkestedegen tare
Rødlista 2015 - Alger - Rødlistevurdering
Falnes P.
Kreftforeningen
2011-2017
Fredriksen, S.
Miljødirektoratet
2014-2014
Fredriksen, S.
Artsdatabanken
2014-2015
OncoMyb: A classical oncogene - a novel networkcMyb, SUMO, chromatin and partners - role in
oncogenic activation
Professor II - Johannes Gjerstad
Gabrielsen, O. S.
Kreftforeningen
2014-2016
Gjerstad, J.
2009-2017
Nanobeads against cancer
Griffiths, G. W.
STAMI, Statens
arbeidsmiljøinstitutt
Kreftforeningen
Oslo Epigenetics Symposium 2014
Grini, P. E.
Diverse finansører
20104-2014
Instrumentering av gråmåker og sildemåker i VestAgder 2014
Urbane Populasjoner 2014
Helberg, M.
Polarinstituttet
2014-2014
Helberg, M.
Div. fylker
2014-2014
Miljøgifter i en urban fjord
Helberg, M.
Fisk i indre Oslofjord
Hylland, K.
NIVA/
Miljødirektoratet
Fagrådet
2013-2014
2012-2016
APPENDIX
77
Satellite tags season 2014
Karlsen, H.E.
Statoil
2014-2014
Walvig gave
Karlsen, H.E.
Privat gave
2010-2015
Elucidation of biological nanoparticle formation
mechanism
Professor II - avtale
Linke, D.
VISTA-DNVA
2014-2017
Lothe, R.
2006-2015
Professor II - avtale
Myklebost, O.
Beitevaner Sau - Alveld
Mysterud, I.
Oslo
universitetssykehus,
CCB-UiO
Oslo
Universitetssykehus
Fylkeskommuner
Successful fertilization
Prydz, K.
Høgskolen i Hedmark 2013-2016
Oslo Prostate Cancer Symposium 2014
Saatcioglu, F.
Diverse/PCF/RCN
2013-2014
Molecular mechanisms of androgen action
Saatcioglu, F.
Kreftforeningen
2014-2018
Samarbeidsavtale mellom Nextera og IBV
Sandlie, I.
Nextera
2012-2017
Professor II - avtale
Sandvig, K.
2006-2015
Assessment of the effects of oil exposure on the
population dynamics and abundances of Atlantic
cod and haddock using stat-space models
Stenseth, N.C.
Oslo
Universitetssykehus
VISTA-DNVA
2004-2019
2001-2015
2012-2014
International projects
Project name
Project manager
Main funding
Period
MedPlag - The medieval plagues: ecology,
transmission modalities and routes of the
infections
Bramanti, B.
EU/ERC
2013-2018
NCoE Planning Grant - Meeting Challenges of a
Changing Arctic: biology, economy, society and
policy
Eikeset, A.M.
NordForsk
2014-2015
INTERACT - International Network for
Terrestrial Research and Monitoring in the
Arctic - Research infrastructures for Polar
research
Ergon, T. H.
EU
2011-2014
WeevilSTOP - Development of a cost-effective
Eriksen, A. B.
and sustainable insecticide-free plant protection
method, eliminating widespread catastrophic
damage in the forestry caused by the pine
weevil Hylobius abietis
EU
2013-2016
State of the art ultra-structural analysis of
pathogen-containing compartments
Griffiths, G. W.
Deutsche
2011-2014
Forschungsgemeinschaft,
DFG
Ultrastrukturelle Analyse von intrazelluläre
Griffiths, G. W.
pathogene Bakterien umschliessende
Zellkompartimente mit modernster Technologie
Deutsche
2014-2017
Forschungsgemeinschaft,
DFG
Drinking water treatment adaptation to
increasing levels of DOM and changing DOM
quality under climate change
Hessen, D.O.
NordForsk/NIVA
2014-2016
CodS - restaurering och förvaltning av torsk i
Skagerrak/Kattegat
Jentoft, S.
INTERREG IVA/HI
2013-2014
APPENDIX
78
AutoMAT - Anpassung und Weiterentwicklung
von innovativen, nicht invasiven Monitoring
systemen und Auswerteverfahren für die
Fischereiforschung. AutoMAT
Jentoft, S.
Thünen-Institute,
Hamburg
2013-2014
FunDisTrait - Fungal conservation genetics:
species traits and dispersal
Kauserud, H.
EU
2014-2016
BIOFUN EMP265 Biodiversity in the dark: Highthroughput sequence analyses of Arctic fungal
communities
Kauserud, H.
EØS - University of Tartu
2014-2016
Declining size - a general response to climate
warming in Arctic fauna (DWARF)
Leinaas, H.P.
EØS - Instytut
Oceanologii PAN
2014-2016
Identification and evaluation of peptides for
active and passive immunization against
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Linke, D.
Deutsche
2013-2015
Forschungsgemeinschaft,
DFG
A new integrative framework for the study of
fish welfare based on the concepts of allostasis,
appraisal and coping styles
Nilsson, G. E.
EU
2011-2015
Application of behavioural genetics to improve
animal welfare in the breeding program of
arctic harr
Nilsson, G. E.
Sveriges
Lantbruksuniversitet
2013-2014
Havförsurningens effekter på fiskars hjärnor
och beteende
Nilsson, G. E.
The Swedish Research
Council
2013-2016
Yogic breathing exercises as an adjunct therapy Saatcioglu, F.
for cancer - A randomized controlled trial of the
Yogic Science of Breath
Flere finansører
2008-2015
CICHLIDX - An integrative approach towards
the understanding of an adaptive radiation of
East African cichlid fishes
EU/ERC
2014-2019
PlagueEco2Geno - Reconstructing the imprint
Stenseth, N. C.
of ecology on the genetic phylogeography of the
Plague in Central Asia and China - 302329
EU
2012-2014
Climate Change Effects on Marine Ecosystems
and Resource
Stenseth, N.C.
NordForsk
2011-2015
Green Growth based on Marine Resources:
Ecological and Socio-Economic Contraints
(GreenMar)
Stenseth, N.C.
NordForsk
2014-2017
Nordic-Russian Co-operation Programme in
Stenseth, N.C.
Higher Education and Research - underprosjekt
GreenMar 610334
NordForsk
2014-2017
The Genetic Architecture of Secondary Sexual
Traits during Hybrid Speciation
EU
2013-2014
Salzburger, W.
Sætre, G.P.
APPENDIX
79
Publications
Articles in peer-reviewed journals
Aarnes, H., Andersen, T. (2014) Barnefødsler
1967–2012 analysert i R. Tidsskrift for Den norske
legeforening, 134 (23–24), 2245–2246.
Aas, F. E., Li, X., Edwards, J., Solbakken, M. H.,
Deeudom, M., Vik, Å., Moir, J., Koomey, M.,
Aspholm, M. (2014) Cytochrome c-based domain
modularity governs genus-level diversification
of electron transfer to dissimilatory nitrite
reduction. Environmental Microbiology, doi:
10.1111/1462-2920.12661.
Abdullah, M. I., Fredriksen, S. (2014) The
exudation of nitrate by the kelp Laminaria
hyperborea, an observation during in situ
incubation experiments. Marine Biology Research,
10 (7), 725–730.
Abraityte, J. A., Gullestad, L., Askevold, E. T.,
Nymo, S. H., Dahl, C. P., Aakhus, S., Aukrust,
P., Ueland, T. (2014) The Notch ligand Deltalike 1 is elevated and associated with mortality
in patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis.
International Journal of Cardiology, doi: 10.1016/j.
ijcard.2014.11.111.
Ager-Wick, E., Henkel, C. W., Haug, T. M.,
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Wirth, C. C., Glushakova, S., Scheuermayer, M.,
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M., Weissbach, T., Zimmerberg, J., Dandekar,
T., Griffiths, G. W., Chitnis, C. E., Singh, S.,
Fischer, R., Pradel, G. (2014) Perforin-like
protein PPLP2 permeabilizes the red blood
cell membrane during egress of Plasmodium
falciparum gametocytes. Cellular Microbiology, 16
(5), 709–733.
Wood, J. L. A., Belmar-Lucero, S., Hutchings, J.
A., Fraser, D. J. (2014) Relationship of habitat
variability to population size in a stream fish.
Ecological Applications, 24 (5), 1085–1100.
Xu, L., Stige, L. C., Kausrud, K. L., Ben Ari, T.
M., Wang, S., Fang, X., Schmid, B. V., Liu, Q.,
Stenseth, N. C., Zhang, Z. (2014) Wet climate
and transportation routes accelerate spread of
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of London. Biological Sciences, 281 (1780), doi:
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Yazdani, M., Paulsen, R. E., Gjøen, T., Hylland, K.
(2014) Reactive oxygen species and cytotoxicity
in rainbow trout hepatocytes: effects of medium
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Contamination and Toxicology, 94, 193–198.
Yermakova, A., Klokk, T. I., Cole, R., Sandvig,
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APPENDIX
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Yguel, B., Bailey, R. I., Villemant, C., Brault, A.,
Jactel, H., Prinzing, A. (2014) Insect herbivores
should follow plants escaping their relatives.
Oecologia, 176 (2), 521–532.
Zdzalik, D., Vågbø, C. B., Kirpekar, F., Davydova,
E., Pucian, A., Maciejewska, A. M., Krokan, H.
E., Klungland, A., Tudek, B., Van den Born, E.,
Falnes, P. (2014) Protozoan ALKBH8 oxygenases
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activities. PLoS ONE, 9 (6), doi: 10.1371/journal.
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Øverjordet, I. B., Gabrielsen, G. W., Berg, T., Ruus,
A., Evenset, A., Borgå, K., Christensen, G.,
Lierhagen, S., Jenssen, B. M. (2014) Effect of diet,
location and sampling year on bioaccumulation
of mercury, selenium and cadmium in pelagic
feeding seabirds in Svalbard. Chemosphere, 122,
14–22.
Øverjordet, I. B., Kongsrud, M. B., Gabrielsen, G.
W., Berg, T., Ruus, A., Evenset, A., Borgå, K.,
Christensen, G., Jenssen, B. M. (2014) Toxic and
essential elements changed in black-legged
kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) during their stay
in an arctic breeding area. Science of the Total
Environment, 502, 548–556.
Øverli, Ø., Nordgreen, J., Mejdell, C. M., Janczak,
A., Kittilsen, S., Johansen, I. B., Horsberg, T. E.
(2014) Ectoparasitic sea lice (Lepeophtheirus
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activity in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.):
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Books, book chapters and
reports
Bakke, T. H., Borgersen, G., Beylich, B. (2014)
Overvåking i Grenlandsfjordene 2012.
Sedimenter og bløtbunnsfauna. Oslo: Norsk
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ISBN 978-82-577-6302-2. 67 pages.
Berge, J. A., Amundsen, R., Bratrud, T., Bølling,
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Berge, J. A., Amundsen, R., Gitmark, J. K.,
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Kroglund, T., Ledang, A. B., Lømsland, E.
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og Øyeren 2013. Oslo: Norsk institutt for
vannforskning (NIVA, report 6637). ISBN 97882-577-6372-5. 44 pages.
Eldevik, T., Reigstad, M., Falck, E., Gerland,
S., Jentoft, S., Johnsen, G., Lindstrøm, U.,
Rasmussen, T. L., Røed, L. P., Wassmann, P.
(2014) Arven efter Nansen. Forskningsplan for
det sentrale og nordlige Barentshavet. Tromsø:
UiT, Norges Arktiske Universitet. 48 pages.
Falkegård, M., Foldvik, A., Fiske, P., Erkinaro,
J., Orell, P., Niemelä, E., Kuusela, J., Finstad,
A., Hindar, K. (2014) Revised first generation
spawning targets for the Tana/Teno
river system. Tromsø: Norsk institutt for
naturforskning (NINA, report 1087). ISBN 97882-426-2706-3. 68 pages.
APPENDIX
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Fæhn, T., Isaksen, E. T. (2014) Diffusion of climate
technologies in the presence of commitment
problems. Oslo: Oslo Centre for Research
on Environmentally Friendly Energy (CREE,
working paper 2014/1). 30 pages.
Gundersen, H., Norderhaug, K. M., Christie,
H. C., Moy, F. E., Hjermann, D. Ø., Vedal,
J., Ledang, A. B., Gitmark, J. K., Walday, M.
(2014) Miljødirektoratets tallknuserprosjekt:
Tallknusing av sukkertaredata. Norsk institutt
for vannforskning (NIVA, report 6737). ISBN
978-82-577-6472-2. 48 pages.
Hagelberg, E. (2014) Molecular genetics and
the human settlement of the Pacific. In Thor
Heyerdahl’s Kon-Tiki in New Light. Oslo: The Thor
Heyerdahl Institute. ISBN 978-82-92967-05-8,
132–142.
Hansen, T. F. (2014) Use and misuse of
comparative methods in the study of
adaptation. In Modern Phylogenetic Comparative
Methods and Their Application in Evolutionary
Biology. Springer. ISBN 978-3-662-43550-2,
351–379.
Helland, S., Lein, I., Sæle, Ø., Lie, K. K., Kousoulaki,
K., van Dalen, S. C. M., Klaren, P. H. M., Bakke,
A. M., Krogdahl, Å. (2014) Effects of feeding
frequency on growth and gut health of ballan
wrasse juveniles. In Production of ballan wrasse
(Labrus gergylta). Science and Practice. Oslo:
Fiskeri- og havbruksnæringens forskningsfond
(FHF) – The Norwegian Seafood Research Fund.
83–89.
Hessen, D. O. (2014) Albedo – og et grønnere
Artktis. In Isfritt. Populærvitenskap som angår deg.
Spartacus. ISBN 978-82-430-0834-2, 93–95.
Hessen, D. O. (2014) Fri vilje – biologisk umulig,
men moralsk nødvendig? In Ja, vi elsker frihet.
Dreyer Forlag A/S. ISBN 978-82-8265-093-9,
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Hessen, D. O. (2014) Verdien av det ubetalelige. In
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ISBN 978-82-430-0834-2, 64–65.
Hjermann, D. Ø., Ruus, A., Borgå, K., Gundersen,
H., Knudsen, H., Olsen, E. M. (2014) Tallknusing
av miljøovervåkingsdata. Norsk institutt for
vannforskning (NIVA, report 6598). ISBN 97882-577-6333-6. 40 pages.
Jorde, P. E., Søvik, G., Westgaard, J.-I., Orr, D., Han,
G., Stansbury, D., Jørstad, K. E. (2014) Genetic
population structure of northern shrimp,
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Kleiven, H. F., Hessen, D. O., Svensen, H., Samset,
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Næs, K., Håvardstun, J., Oug, E., Beyer, J., Bakke,
T. H., Heiaas, H., Lillicrap, A. D., Allan, I. (2014)
Oppdatert risikovurdering av sedimenter og
overvåking med vekt på PAH av det nære
sjøområdet til Elkem i Kristiansand i 2013. Oslo:
Norsk institutt for vannforskning (NIVA, report
6664). ISBN 978-82-577-6399-2. 107 pages.
Reygondeau, G. (2014) Past, present and future
state of the pelagic habitats in the Antarctic
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Schøyen, M., Håvardstun, J., Hjermann, D. Ø.,
Øxnevad, S. (2014) Overvåking av miljøgifter i
Kristiansandsfjorden i 2013. Undersøkelse av
blåskjell. Oslo: Norsk institutt for vannforskning
(NIVA, report 6695). ISBN 978-82-577-6430-2.
136 pages.
Stokke, B. G., Lampe, H. M. (2014) Hvorfor rykker
duene på hodet? In Hvorfor ser du aldri babyduer?
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38–40.
Svensen, H., Hessen, D. O. (2014) Eksperimentet.
In Isfritt. Populærvitenskap som angår deg.
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Tandberg, C., Grønlien, H. K., Tsigaridas, K.
G., Ryvarden, L. (2014) Bi 2 – biologi 2 som
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Undervisning. ISBN 9788205451636, 448 pages.
van der Meeren, G. I., Skotte, G., Ottersen,
G., Franzen, S., Jørgensen, N. M., Frie, A. K.
H., Lorentsen, S.-H., Selvik, I., Svensen, H.
I. (2014) Forvaltningsplan Barentshavet –
rapport fra overvåkingsgruppen 2014. Bergen:
Havforskningsinstituttet (Fisken og Havet
særnummer 1b-2014). 115 pages.
APPENDIX
98
Staff per 15.12.2014
Chair
Johansen, Finn-Eirik
Chair (CEES)
Stenseth, Nils C.
Professors
Andersen, Tom
Andersson, Kristoffer
Bakke, Oddmund
Borgå, Katrine
Brysting, Anne K.
Edvardsen, Bente
Eskild, Winnie
Falnes, Pål
Fredriksen, Stein
Gabrielsen, Odd Stokke
Griffiths, Gareth W.
Grini, Paul E.
Gundersen, Kristian
Hagelberg, Erika
Hansen, Thomas F.
Hessen, Dag O.
Hestmark, Geir
Hylland, Ketil D. E.
Høiland, Klaus
Jakobsen, Kjetill S.
Kaartvedt, Stein
Kauserud, Håvard
Klaveness, Dag
Koomey, John M.
Kristensen, Tom A.
Lampe, Helene M.
Leinaas, Hans Petter
Linke, Dirk
Mysterud, Atle
Nilsson, Göran E.
Nissen-Meyer, Jon
Prydz, Kristian
Roos, Norbert
Saatcioglu, Fahri
Sandlie, Inger
Schumacher, Trond
Schalchian-Tabrizi,
Kamran
Slagsvold, Tore
Sætre, Glenn-Peter
Ugland, Karl
Vøllestad, Asbjørn
Aalen, Reidunn
Aarnes, Halvor
Assistant professors
Ergon, Torbjørn
Fyhn, Marianne
Karlsen, Hans Erik
Klein, Uwe
Titelman, Josefin
Adjunct professors
Boye, Erik
Brech, Andreas
Gjerstad, Johannes
Grung, Merete
Lind, Guro E.
Micci, Francesca
Myklebost, Ola
Sandvik, Kirsten
Adjunct assistant
professors
Eikrem, Wenche
Norderhaug, Kjell M.
Sverdrup, Line
Vrålstad, Trude
Post docs/researchers
Alfsnes, Kristian
Alemu, Diress
Andrew, Carrie J.
Anonsen, Jan Haug
Bagheri, Fam Shahla
Barth, Julie M.I.
Bianucci, Raffaella
Bjerkan, Katrine
Boessenkool, Sanne
Bramanti, Barbara
Bramsiepe, Jonathan
Bruusgaard, Jo C.
Bråte, Jon
Butenko, Melinka A.
Colman, Jonathan E.
Corthay, Alexandre
Davey, Marie Louise
De Muinck, Eric
Dick, Gunnar
Diekert, Florian K.
Durant, Joel M.
Easterday, William R.
Egge, Elianne S.
Egner, Ingrid Marie
Eikeset, Anne M.
Eroukhmanoff, Fabrice
Eskeland, Ragnhild
Evensen, Lasse
Fagernes, Cathrine E.
Fischer, Barbara
Flydal, Kjetil
Fuss, Janina
Haverkamp, Thomas
Herrmann, Ullrich
Hersleth, Hans-Petter
Hess, Jaqueline
Heyward, Cathrine A.
Hildahl, Jon Paul
Hjermann, Dag Øystein
Ho, Angela Y.Y.
Holen, Øistein H.
Hutchings, Jeffrey
Hänsch, Stephanie
Jakobsson, Magnus
Jin, Yixin
Jorde, Per Erik
Kausrud, Kyrre Linné
Kjesbu, Olav Sigurd
Knutsen, Halvor
Koster, Gerbrand
Langangen, Øystein
Larsen, Søren
Lei, Peng
Liow, Lee Hsiang
Llope, Marcos
Løset. Geir Åge
Malecki, Jedrzej M.
Malmstrøm, Martin
Matschiner, Michael
Maurice, Sundy
Mensali, Nadia
Meshesha, Anagaw A.
Mora, Ortiz A.C.
NadratowskaWesolowska, Beata
Nenseth, Hatice Z.
Nielsen, Anders
Nilsson, Anna
Nilsson, Sjannie L.
Olsen, Esben Moland
Oppegård, Camilla
Orr, Russell
Ottersen, Geir
Progida, Cinzia A.M.
Pällmann, Nora
Reitan, Trond
Repnik, Urska
Richter, Andries P.
Rivrud, Inger M.
Rogers, Lauren
Rueness, Eli K.
Salzburger, Walter
Schmid, Boris Valentijn
Shi, Chunlin
Skrede, Inger
Star, Bastiaan
Starrfelt, Jostein
Stige, Leif Chr.
Svennungsen, Thomas O.
Sørensen, Christina
Tesikova, Martina
Tominaga, Koji
Trosvik, Pål
Udatha, Dasaradhi
van Leeuwen, Casper
Veerabadran,
Balasundaram
Veiseth, Silje Veie
Vervaeke, Koen G.A.
Vik, Unni
Vik, Åshild
Vindenes, Yngvild
Voje, Kjetil Lysne
APPENDIX
99
Vollsnes, Ane V.
Whittington, Jason
Wigestrand, Mattis B.
Yang, Hong
Øverli, Øyvind
Lecturers
Gregers, Tone F.
Tsigaridas, Kristin G.
PhD students
Adusumalli, Ravi
Aileni, Vinay K.
Baalsrud, Helle T.
Bengtsen, Mads
Berg, Paul R.
Bern, Malin C.
Bjorbækmo, Marit M.
Botnen, Synnøve
Chauhan, Nandini
Cloete, Claudine C.
Cuervo, Ignacio
Distefano, Marita B.
Ekblad, Bie
Elgvin, Tore Oldeide
Foss, Stian
Fosslie, Madeleine L.
Fuglerud, Bettina M.
Grevys, Algirdas
Gudim, Ingvild
Hansen, Rune Roland
Hitchcock, Daniel J.
Hjelseth, Ieva A.
Hobbi, Morbarhan M.
Hornslien, Karina S.
Isaksen, Elisabeth T.
Johannessen, Ida M.
Khomich, Maryia
Kong, Xiang Yi
Krabberød, Anders K.
Kucera, Ana
Kvile, Kristina Ø,
Lai, Floriana
Lensjø, Kristian K.
Liljegren, Mikkel M.
Lofstad, Marie
Lundström, Marlene
Mayer, Christine
Michalik, Marcin
Müller, Elisabeth
Neumann, Ralf S.
Nilsson, Pernille
Nunes, De C Mateus D.
Olsbu, Inger K.
Riiser, Even S.
Romagnoni, Giovanni
Sahlmann, Andrea S.
Sand, Kine M.K.
Scott, Mark A.
Solbakken, Monica H.
Speth, Martin
Stadniczenko, Sandra
Stø, Ida M.
Thoen, Ella
Thormar, Jonas G.
Thrane, Jan-Erik
Toljagic, Olja
Trier, Cassandra N.
Tysseng, Linn I.
Tørresen, Ole Kristian
Varadharajan, Srinidhi
Wang, Nelson
Wildhagen, Mari
Winje, Ivan
Winter, Anna-Marie
Wolf, Raoul
Wrobel, Agnieszka
Aas, Anders B.
Aasebø, Ida E. J.
Technical staff
Amundsen, Rita
Borg, Hans
Bronndal, Morten
Brubak, Sissel
Christensen, Haaken H.
Engebretsen, Solveig H.
Erland, Johan
Falleth, Roy
Færøvig, Per-Johan
Gundersen, Gunnar
Hansen, Marianne H.
Haugen, Linda H.
Herland, Anders
Hofgaard, Antje
Holm, Sindre L.
Hujaleh, Ibrahim
Hyldmo, Hilde C.B.
Høydahl, Stein
Johansen, Ingrid
Kaasa, Berit
Kjos, Ingrid
Kollias, Spyridon
Kristiansen, Jan
Kristiansen, Per Eugen
Langrekken, Bjørn
Langrekken, Marit
Larsen, Tove K.
Ledsaak, Marit
Leslie, Erik A.
Letnes, Hilde
Mathiesen, Bård E.
Mathiesen, Cecilie
Moen, Anders
Mortensen, Steinar
Nederbragt, Alex. J.
Nerli, Emelita R.
Nesset, Cecilie K.
Onsrud, Lars Petter
Opsahl, Tom
Ore, Kirsten
Ose, Randi F.
Qu, Su
Rundberget, Ola N.
Rydbeck, Kjell Erik H.
Salajkova, Michaela
Schou, Kathrine
Severinsen, Torbjørn
Sivaganesh, Sathiaruby
Skage, Morten
Skjeldal, Frode M.
Steen, Nanna W.
Sundøy, Jan A.
Supraha, Luka
Svendsen, Gro K.
Sørnes, Grete
Thorbek, Birgitte L.G.
Tooming-Klunderud,
Ave
Administrative staff
Andersen, Inger-Hege
Beesoo-Amundsen,
Andreas
Bogojev, Sibinka
Bronndal, Kate
Bråthen, Kjetil
Bøkenes, Lise
Engh, Aasta K.
Grøtan, Kyrre
Gundersen, Gry
Jentoft, Sissel
Majid, Sumera
Mazzarella, Anna V.
Nicolas, Delphine C.
Onsrud, Maren
Rygg, Kari
Rørtveit, Torill
Sisi, Shahnaz
Thomsen, Camilla S.
Tu, My Hanh
Wallem, Tore
essenz.no
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