Nudibranchia Gallery Sheet

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Nudibranchia
Butterflies of the Sea
Isabella Kirkland
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Nudibranchia, 2014
Oil & alkyd on canvas over panel, 4' x 5'
Animals are painted to scale. For greater visibility, they are
represented at the maximum end of their size range.
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A new series of paintings
Aquae
2 014
www.IsabellaKirkland.com
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Nudibranchia is a celebration of the wild variety of physical
and behavioral traits that have evolved in this order of animals.
Nudibranchs are mollusks without shells: “nudi” = naked and
“branch” = gill. The 206 species here are just a small portion
of those known: estimates of the total number of species run
from 3,000 to 6,000. Given how vast the oceans are, how short
a time we humans have been able to physically explore underwater, and how small a percentage of the 7/10’s of Earth’s
total area has been visited, who knows? The oceans are the last
great frontier on the planet. Nudibranchs inhabit every part of
every ocean: from shallow reefs and mudflats to the depth of a
thermal vent, from the Arctic to the equator. These creatures
are short lived. Many have only a few days to a few months to
reproduce once they reach sexual maturity. In order to maximize
their chances of finding each other, all are hermaphrodites. They
can also mate across generations, in what is called protandry
(making a baby with your grandfather or great niece): any
sexually mature nudibranch can mate with any other mature
one of its species, regardless of size. Penile and vaginal structural
variation in nudibranchs is truly stupefying and wondrous.
A wide array of mimicries and camouflages has also evolved
among nudibranchs. Some slugs’ cerata look so much like their
prey species that the slugs are virtually invisible if nestled
amongst them. Many can swim.
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sp e c i e s L i s t
Nudibranchia
Butterflies of the Sea
Isabella Kirkland
spe c i al t hank s to:
To all of you who shot and shared photos
of nudibranchs on the web: thank you for helping me
see them clearly through your collective lens.
perpet ual t hank s to:
John McCosker
Terry Gosliner
The California Academy of Sciences
Ryan Phelan and Stewart Brand
The Long Now Foundation
Peter and Mimi Buckley
Christopher Tellis
and Hudson
Blue Numbers indicate species found on
the West Coast of the United States.
Orange Numbers indicate date of discovery.
A New Series of Paintings
Aquae
2 014
www.IsabellaKirkland.com
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48 49 50 Okenia cochimi 2004
Doto amyra 1961
Aegires pruvotfolae 2004
Eubranchus mandapamensis 1968
Dermatobranchus albineus 2011
Gymnodoris nigricolor​​​ 1960
Eubranchus inabai​​​ 1964
Babakina indopacifica 2007
Noumea laboutei​​​ 1986
Phyllodesmium macphersonae​ 1962
Cadlinella ornatissima​​​ 1928
Hypselodoris alboterminata 1999
Trapania miltabrancha​​​ 2008
Halgerda albocristata 1998
Noumea romeri​​​​ 1928
Facelina rhodopos​​​ 2000
Jorunna parva​​​​ 1938
Tambja oliva​​​​ 1977
Okenia rosacea​​​​ 1905
Trapania naeva 2008
Embletonia gracilis​​​ 1928
Cerberilla chavezi​​​ 2007
Phyllidiopsis sphingis​​​ 1993
Ancula gibbosa​​​​ 1818
Charcotia granulosa​​​ 1906
Cuthona caerulea​​​ 1804
Polycera odhneri​​​ 1955
Thorunna arbuta​​ 1961
Limacia cockerelli​​​ 1905
Acanthodoris rhodoceras​​ 1905
Flabellina hamanni 1994
Favorinus tsuruganus​​​ 1964
Anteaeolidiella indica​​​ 1888
Cumanotus beaumonti​​​​ 1906
Doto ussi​​​ 1982
Acanthodoris hudsoni 1905
Ceratophyllidia papilligera​​ 1890
Doto pinnatifida​​​ 1804
Greilada elegans​​​ 1894
Crosslandia viridis​​​ 1902
Dermatobranchus rubidus​​ 1852
Flabellina exoptata 1991
Mexichromis macropus​​​ 1983
Roboastra gracilis​​​ 1877
Lomanotus vermiformis​​​ 1908
Halgerda stricklandi​​​ 1999
Tambja stegosauriformis 2005
Cadlina sparsa​​​​ 1921
Chromodoris lochi​​​ 1982
Phyllidiella rosans​​​ 1873
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Chromodoris striatella​​​ 1877
Polycera abei​​​​ 1960
Felimida punctilucens​ 1890
Felimida sphoni​​ 1971
Hypselodoris babai 2000
Cerberilla albopunctata​​​ 1976
Phyllodesmium poindimiei​​ 1928
Phestilla lugubris​​​ 1870
Roboastra arika​​​​ 1967
Plocamopherus lucayensis​​ 1988
Goniobranchus fidelis​ 1858
Dirona picta​​​​​​ 1905
Ceratophyllidia africana​​ 1903
Hypselodoris nigrostriata 1904
Polycera chilluna​​​ 1961
Herviella mietta 1965
Glaucus atlanticus​​​ 1777
Notobryon wardi 1936
Taringa halgerda​​​ 1998
Sakuraeolis kirembosa​​​ 1980
Reticulidia fungia​​​ 1993
Felimare fontandraui​​​ 1951
Phyllodesmium kabiranum​​ 1991
Noumea verconis 1905
Pauleo jubatus​​​​ 1992
Chromodoris elisabethina​​ 1877
Tambja eliora​​​ 1967
Dondice occidentalis​​​ 1925
Tambja fantasmalis 1986
Flabellina trophina​​​ 1890
Phyllodesmium rudmani 2006
Janolus ignis 1986
Cuthona yamasui 1993
Halgerda tessellata 1880
Bornella stellifer​ 1848
Goniobranchus roboi 1998
Doriprismatica tibboeli 2005
Tambja gratiosa 1890
Flabellina cynara​​​ 1967
Polycera capensis 1824
Janolus cristatus​​​ 1841
Jason mirabilis 1974
Gymnodoris striata 1908
Chromodoris magnifica 1832
Jorunna pardus​​ 1981
Hypselodoris bennetti 1864
Glossodoris cincta 1888
Leminda millecra​​​ 1985
Dendrodoris guttata 1917
Phyllidia coelestis 1905
Goniobranchus coi​ 1956
Gymnodoris impudica 1830
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Goniobranchus geminus 1987
Felimare acriba 1967
Ardeadoris rubroannulata 1986
Dendrodoris krusensternii 1850
Atagema alba​​​​ 1927
Goniobranchus geometricus 1928
Hypselodoris paulinae 1999
Dendrodoris krebsii 1863
Discodoris boholiensis 1877
Cerberilla affinis 1888
Marionia elongoreticulata 2007
Miamira sinuatum​​​ 1824
Reticulidia halgerda 1990
Spurilla neapolitana 1841
Tambja morosa 1877
Hermissenda crassicornis​​ 1831
Felimare ghiselini 1978
Tritoniella belli​​​​ 1907
Dermatobranchus ornatus 1874
Chromodoris kuiteri 1982
Phyllidia ocellata​​​ 1804
Halgerda willeyi 1904
Nembrotha megalocera 1990
Flabellina japonica 1937
Phyllidiopsis krempfi 1957
Plocamopherus imperialis 1864
Diaulula sandiegensis 1863
Dendrodoris nigra 1855
Nembrotha milleri 1997
Felimare agassizii 1894
Doriopsilla spaldingi 1998
Aegires serenae 1997
Miamira alleni 1996
Tritonia bollandi​​​ 2003
Felimida baumanni 1970
Felimare californiensis​ 1879
Melibe leonina 1852
Nembrotha rosannulata 2008
Hypselodoris tryoni 1873
Platydoris cruenta 1832
Nembrotha chamberlaini​​ 1997
Aeolidia papillosa 1761
Goniobranchus annulatus​​ 1904
Hypselodoris apolegma 2001
Aegires gardineri​​ 1906
Jorunna funebris 1859
Flabellina iodinea​​​ 1863
Miamira miamirana 1875
Goniobranchus collingwoodi 1987
Doriprismatica atromarginata 1804
Bonisa nakaza 1981
Tambja sagamiana 1955
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Scyllaea pelagica 1758
Armina Californica 1863
Nembrotha yonowae​​​ 1992
Lomanotus genei​​ 1846
Gymnodoris aurita 1852
Nembrotha cristata 1877
Baeolidia moebii 1888
Phyllidia varicosa 1801
Miamira moloch 1988
Nembrotha kubaryana 1877
Halgerda okinawa 2000
Phyllidiopsis shireenae 1990
Hypselodoris pulchella​ 1830
Glossodoris hikuerensis 1954
Ardeadoris egretta 1984
Felimare zebra 1889
Ceratosoma tenue 1876
Dendrodoris warta 1976
Gymnodoris ceylonica 1858
Dermatobranchus gonatophora 1824
Marionia rubra​​​ 1828
Doriprismatica stellata​​​ 1986
Tambja verconis 1905
Kalinga ornata 1864
Felimare picta 1836
Aegires minor​​​​ 1904
Doris montereyensis 1863
Triopha catalinae 1863
Phyllodesmium longicirrum 1905
Armina variolosa 1904
Bornella anguilla 1984
Dendrodoris albopurpura 1957
Platydoris formosa 1864
Pteraeolidia ianthina 1864
Ceratosoma brevicaudatum 1876
Triopha maculata 1905
Jorunna rubescens 1876
Dendrodoris tuberculosa 1832
Dirona albolineata 1905
Dendrodoris rainfordi​​ 1932
Tambja gabrielae 2005
Armina papillata 1933
Doris odhneri 1966
Doris wellingtonensis 1877
Dendronotus iris 1863
Tochuina tetraquetra 1788
Dendronotus rufus 1921
Asteronotus cespitosus 1824
Hexabranchus sanguineus 1830
Melibe viridis 1858
Tochuina tetraquetra 1788
Roboastra tigris 1978