Eminium koenenianum (Araceae), a new species from NE Turkey

Eminium koenenianum (Araceae), a new species from NE Turkey

Willdenowia20 - 1991
43
WOLFRAM LOBIN & PETER BOYCE
Eminiumkoenenianum(Araceae),a new species from NE Turkeyand a key to the
genus Eminium
Abstract
a newspeciesfromNETurkeyanda keyto the geLobin,W.&Boyce,P.:Eminiumkoenenianum
(Araceae),
nus Eminium.-Willdenowia 20: 43-51. 1991.- ISSN 0511-9618.
Eminiumkoenenianum
from NE Turkeyis describedas a speciesnew to science and illustrated.Commentsaremaderegardingpossiblerelationshipsof the newspecies.A keyto the genusEminiumis provided.
Introduction
Duringan excursionto the provinceof Erzurumin NE Turkey,MrM. Koenen,a horticulturistfrom
the BotanicalGardenof the Universityof Bonn, collecteda remarkablearoid.Plantswith fruit,leaves
andinflorescenceswerecollected.Attemptsto identifytheplantsin the fieldfailed,evenwiththe help of
the FloraofTurkey(Mill 1984),andafterhis returnMrKoenenhandedthe materialoverto the seniorauthor.It soon became clearthat the plant was undescribed.
Apartfrom the striking differencesin the leaf shapeof most species,the genusEminium(Blume)
Schottis superficiallysimilarto BiarumSchott,differingin the numberof ovulesin the singlelocule of
the ovary.In Biarumthere is alwaysone, whereasEminiumhas two ovules,givingriseto a two-seeded
fruit.The new species,E. koenenianum
Lobin&Boyceappearsto be somewhatintermediatein this character.Although it possessestwo ovules per ovary,one is very often abortedand thus the fruitsare
frequentlyone-seeded.Furthermore,
the entireleavesof E. koenenianum
aresimilarto the leavesof Biarumpyrami(Schott)Englerand B. kotschyi(Schott)B. Mathewex H. Riedl.
With the publicationof this new species,the genus Eminiumconsistsof seven speciesand ranges
from Turkeyto Soviet CentralAsia,with one species,E. spiculatum
(Blume)Schott,occurringin the
MiddleEastas farsouth as N Egypt.All speciesoccurin stronglyseasonalhabitatsand areadaptedto a
semi-aridenvironment.Riedl(1980)publisheda keyto the speciesand this is expandedhereto include
the new taxon.
E. koenenianum
is named in honour of Mr ManfredKoenenwho has enrichedthe collectionsat
Bonn and Kewwith many interestingplants.
EminiumkoenenianumLobin & Boyce, sp. nova - Fig. 1, 2.
Type:BG Bonnacessionno. 02487 (Holo- B; iso- BONN, E, FR, GOET,ISTE,K, M).
Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum, Berlin-Dahlem
is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve, and extend access to
Willdenowia
®
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Lobin & Boyce: Eminium koenenianumfrom Turkev
44
C-)
ab
Fig.1:Eminiumkoenenianum
Lobin&Boyce.A habit,b Spadixshowingthe axiswith pistilloidesandthe ruguloseappendix.- Drawing:A. Hille.
Willdenowia20 - 1991
45
- Drawing:
A. Hille.
Fig.2: Eminium
Lobin&Boyce.Leafshowingthewhitepatches.
koenenianum
A speciebusceterisEminii spadicerugoso,paginaspathaeadaxalilaevi et foliis integrisdistincte
albopictisdiffert.
cm in diam.,1.6Aperennial,tuberousherbwith2-3 leaves.Tuberdepressed-globose,(1.1-)1.5-2.0
2.5(-2.7) cm thick,yellowish-white,withwhitishpowderat growthpoint.Rootssimple,lessthan 1 mm
in diam.,whitish.Leaveselongateto broadlylanceolate,3.0-7.0 cm long x 1.3-2.5 cm, proximallycuneateto cordate,distallysubacute,laminadullgreen,glisteningwhenfresh,usuallywithconspicuouswhite
patches,occasionallyso denselycoveredwith thesepatchesas to appear? white,primaryvenationsubparallel,secondaryvenation reticulate.Petiole 9-35 cm long, canaliculateadaxally,distallygreen,besheaths4.0-12.5 cm long,sub-fleshyat first,becomingviolet basally,proximallysubterranean,whitish;
coming paperyon drying,straw-coloured.
Cataphyllsmembranaceous,varyingin size, the largest9.014.5 cm long x 0.9-1.7 cm at the broadestpart,white.Inflorescenceappearingin spring.Peduncle4.713.6 cm long, 0.8-1.1 mm in diam.in lowestpart,wideningto 1.8-3 mm directlybelowthe spathe,distinctly striate,violet distally,becoming white proximally.Spathe5.5-9.3 cm long; spathelimb 4.4erectto slightlyreflexed,terminatingin a c. 4(-6) mm
6.7 cm long x 1.3-2.5 cm, lanceolate- triangular,
long tip,abaxialsurfacedirtyvioletto palebrownishviolet,becomingdarkerdistally,adaxialsurfacedark
violet; spathetube rounded,1.5-2.0 cm long, 8-17 mm in diam., marginscompletelyfree,proximal
thirdslightlyconvolute,interiorand exteriorcream;spadix12.3-23.3 mm long; appendixratherelongate-clavate,shortlystipitate,proximallyabruptlywiderthanthe stipe,7-14 mmx 1.8-2.5(-4) mm,black
to dark-brown,surfaceusuallyrugulose,foetid even when dry; stipe 2-4.5(-6) mm long, 1.5 mm in
diam.,graduallybecomingwiderdistally,whitishto lightbrown,distalthirdsometimesblack,proximal
half striate,becomingprominentlystriateand rugulosedistally.Staminateflowerzone (1.5-)2-2.3 mm
in diam., (2.8-)4-5 mm long, darkviolet to darkbrown;axis betweenpistillateand staminatezone
naked,1.6-2.3(-2.5) cm long, stronglystriate,distinctlylongerthanthe appendix,furnishedwith pistillodes,these subulate0.75-1 cm long,white.Flowersunisexual,naked;staminateflowerswith 1 stamen,
sessileto sub-sessile;stamenalmostquadraticin shape,c. 0.43-0.46 mm long,darkvioletto darkbrown;
thecaeopeningby an apicalslit,open thecaeellipsoid;pollen (Fig.3) consistingof isopolareumonads,
15-20 pm x c. 15 pm,prolate,in lateraloutline elliptic,in polarview? circular,inaperturate,
spinulose,
exinethin,intinethick(c. 3-4 pm).Pistillateflowersnot seenat anthesis,ovarycylindrical,unilocular,biovulateon a basalplacenta,one ovuleveryoften aborted,style+ absent,stigmaround,c. 1 mm in diam.,
46
Lobin & Boyce: Eminium koenenianumfrom Turkey
Fig 3 Em_niumkoenenianum
Lobin& BoyceEM p
rece
e s
e r
d m
s flan
volet r
borneatorust
belowsoil level consistig of 10 4
casedbythpEr
,a
l
b
st
tb
.........
of a pollengrain.- Photo:M.Wolter.
x5m;eriarpwhLobin&Boyce.EM-photograph
Fig.3: Eminium
receptive surface raised, margins flattened, prominent, violet, receptive surface cream. Infructescence
borne at or just below soil level, consisting of 10-40 berries in a ovoid cluster 2.0-2.5 cm in diam., encased by the persistent, papery, light brown spathe tube remains; peduncle (4-)5-7(-17) cm long, proximally 2-4 mm in diam., widening to 4-5 mm in diam. above and becoming abruptlywider distally, whitish proximally, longitudinally striped purple from distal end to the lower median portion. Berryvobovoid,
10- 12 mm x 5-7 mm; pericarpwhite, greenish towards the apex when immature, whollywhite when ripe,
crestedwitha violet stigmaremnant;mostlyone-seeded,sometimestwo-seeded.Seedsc. 5 mm in diam.,
roundish,reticulate,creamcolouredwhen fresh,becoming brownwhen dry.
Chromosomenumber:2n=28.
Specimensexamined:
Turkey,VilayetErzurum,NW slopesof N rangeof MescitOaglari,QoruhNehirValley,1300m, 3. 5. 1989,
M. Koenen32*89*K (B, BONN, E, FR, GOET,ISTE,K, M).
E. koenenianum
differsfromall otherspeciesin the genusby the combinationof a usuallyrugulose
spadixappendix,smooth surfaceadaxialto the spathelimb,andentireleaveswithdistinctwhitepatches.
Willdenowia 20 - 1991
47
a~~
'~~~~~~~~~0
MA
Fig. 4: E. koenenianumLobin & Boyce growing in open, dry, rocky positions with sparse vegetation. - Photo: M. Koe-
nen.
Variation
E. koenenianum
is quitevariablewithregardto the inflorescence,leafsize,andthe leafbaseshape.It is
possibleto find both cordateand cuneateleafbasesin a singlepopulation.Riedl(1969)wasespeciallyinterestedin the shapeof the leavesin Eminiumandfound thatthereis apparentlya phylogenetictrendin
the developmentof those specieswith entireleaves(e.g.E. regliiVved.)andthosewith stronglydissected
leaves(e.g.E. spiculatum).
The firstleavesof all Eminiumspeciesarelanceolate.However,while in three
taxa(e.g.E. regeliz)
all leavesareentire,in othersvariousdegreesof leaf divisionoccur,those of E. spiculatumbeingthe most dissected.Riedlsuggestedthatthe leafdissectionsassociatedwith some speciesarea
developmentof the smallposteriorlobes found in some of the juvenileleaf-forms.In this respectE. koenenianumstandsin an intermediatepositionwith its cuneateto cordateleafbasewhichusuallyshowsno
posteriorextensions,althoughoccasionallythere is some disparitybetweenthe lobe size on one side
comparedto the other.
Ecology
E. koenenianum
growson the NW slopes of the north rangeof the MescitDaglariat an altitudeof
about 1300 m in open, dry,rockypositionswith sparsevegetation(Fig.4).The specimensdescribedin
this paperwerefound togetherwith isolatedshrubssuch asJuniperusoxycedrus
L., Paliurusspina-christi
Miller, Cotoneastermorulus
Poiark.andRosacaninaL.Allthesespeciesreacha heightof 2-4 m.Twoother
geophyteswerefloweringtogetherwith E. koenenianum,
namelyIristaochiaWoronowex Grossh.and I.
galaticaSiehe.
48
Lobin & Boyce: Eminiumkoenenianum
fromTurkey
E. koenenianum
occursas singleplantanddoes not formclumpsin the samewaythatotherEminium
speciessometimesdo. Nevertheless,up to ten plantscan be found in one squaremetre.Interestinglyat
the time of collection (3. 5. 1989)all partsof the inflorescencewerepresentand displayedtheiroriginal
colours,althoughplantswerein advancedfruit.In Eminiummostof the spatheandspadixis usuallyshed
soon afterthe berriesbeginto swell,withonlythe partiallyburiedspathetuberemainingasa paperyshell
aroundthe developinginfrutescence.The leaveson the plantsobservedweregreenwhereshadedbut
yellowed where exposed to the sun.
The sun-driedinflorescences,or morestrictlythe spadixappendices,smellof carrion,althoughduring anthesisthis smellwouldhaveundoubtedlybeenconsiderablystronger.Theretentionof the carrionlikesmellin witheringinflorescencesis interestingandis possiblylinkedto the rugulosespadixappendix
surface.A similarphenomenon occursin E. spiculatum
which also has a rugulosespadixappendix.It
seemspossiblethat smallquantitiesof the chemicalsresponsibleforthe carrion-likesmell arein some
wayretainedon the unevenappendixsurfaceeven afterthe inflorescencehadwithered.In specieswith
smooth spadicesthis post-anthesisodour-retentionhas not been recorded.
|
B
-
-
-
1~~~~~~~M'
NSN
Lobin&Boyce.Seedsgerminating
withoutproducing
a leaf.Thegrowthterminates
withthe
Fig.5: F. koenenianum
production of a small tuber. - Photo: M. Koenen.
In common with othermembersof the genus,F. koenenianum
flowersandfruitsin spring.Theinflorescencesappearapproximately
in Aprilandthe seedsmaturein May.The seedshadgerminatedwithout
producinga leafandthe growthendedwith the productionof a smalltuber(Fig.5).It is not until the following growingseasonthat the firstleavesareproduced.The mode of seed distributionin F. koenenianumis not known.In someotherTurkish
speciesit seemsthatthe seedis not spreadbut rathergerminates
in situ aroundthe parentplant.Thisleadsto the formationof extremelycongestedcolonies.The occura singleindividualssuggeststhat the seedis moved awayfromthe parentplant.
renceof F. koenenianum
Willdenowia 20 - 1991
1
49
-S
In orderto protectthe species,a largescalemaphas
Fig.6: E. koenenianum
Lobin&Boyce.Distributionin NE Turkey.
been used. - Drawing:A. Hille.
Distribution
So far,E. koenenianum
is known only from the type locality(Fig.6).
Relationships
E. koenenianum
is apparentlyalliedto E. lehmannii(Bunge)0. Kuntzeand E. heterophyllum
(Blume)
Schottand,perhaps,E. regelii.E. lehmannii
has entireleavessimilarto those ofE. koenenianum
but differs
in havingflattened,not subulate,lowerpistilloides,a parallelsided,not distallythickenedpeduncleand
a longer,more slender,smooth spadixappendix.E. kehmannii
is nativeto Afghanistan,Soviet Central
Asia and S Siberia,it has not been recordedin Turkey.
E. heterophyllum,
especiallyin its entire-leavedform,resemblesE.koenenianum
butis distinguishedby
the smooth, slenderspadixappendixand broaderpistillodes.In the divided-leafformE. heterophyllum
is
readilydistinguishedby leaf architecture.The considerablywidenedpeduncle in E. heterophyllum
is a
charactersharedby E. koenenianum
and sincewe feel thatthis characteris importantin the taxonomyof
Eminium,it would appearthatE. koenenianum
is closestto E. heterophyllum.
Interestinglyboth speciesoccur in N Turkey.
The suggestionof a relationshipbetweenE. koenenianum
and E. regeliiis moretenuous.The two featurestheyboth sharearethe entireleafandthe distallyexpandedpeduncle.However,E. regeliiis a farlargerplantin all its partsanddiffersbythe long,smooth,cylindricalspadixappendix,the denselyarranged
pistillodesand the broader,longerspathelimb.So farE. regeliihas only been recordedfromSovietCentralAsia.
Key to the genus Eminium
1. Adaxialspathe limb surfacedenselyverrucate............................
- Adaxialspathe limb smooth ................................
2 (E. spiculatum)
3
50
Lobin & Boyce: Eminiumkoenenianum
fromTurkey
2. Floweringdiurnal,spathelimb 12-20 cm long, 7-14 cm wide,adaxialsurfaceglossy,spathetube 812 cm long, 2.5-4 cm in diam.............................
E. spiculatum
subsp.spiculatum
- Floweringnocturnal,spathelimb 5-11 cm long, 4-7 cm wide, adaxialsurfacevelvety,spathetube
5-8 cm long, 1.7-3 cm in diam.............................
E. spiculatum
subsp.negevense
3. Pedunclethickenedmarkedlytowardsthe spathe ....................
4
.................
- Pedunclenot or scarcelythickenedtowardsthe spathe.............
....................
9
4. Leaveswith highly dividedposteriorlobes ...........................................
5
- Leavesentire or with only two ordersof posteriorlobe division .........
................
7
5. Anteriorlobe of leaf lanceolate,acute, posteriorlobe divisions narrowlylanceolateto linear,+
E. albertii
stronglyinvolute. Spatheerect to reflexed;spadixslendercylindrical...............
- Anteriorlobe of leaf broadlyoblong,obtuse,posteriorlobe divisionsbroadlylinear,? flat,occasionally suberect.Spathe incurvedover the spadix,sometimes almost cucullate,spadixconical to
broadlycylindrical ...........................................
... 6 (E. rauwoffili)
6. Spadixappendixshort-stalked,? broadlycylindricalto slightlyconical ....................
..........................................................
E. rauwoffiivar.raruwolfli
- Spadixappendixsessile,stronglyconical..........................
E. rauwo/fiivar.kotschyi
7. Spadixappendix? sessile,taperinggraduallyproximally,pistillodesdenselyarranged. .E. regelii
- Spadixappendixdistinctlystipitate,pistillodesscattered ..........
8
.....................
8. Leavesentire,greenwith white patches.Spadixappendixusuallyrugulose,pistillodesall subulate
...................................................................
E. koenenianum
- Leafposteriorlobeswith one, occasionallytwo orderof division,rarelyentire,leavesgrey-green,unmarked.Spadixappendixsmooth, upperpistillodessubulate,lower? flattened .............
...................................................................
E. heterophyllum
9. Leaveswith much divided posteriorlobes. Spadixappendixslenderto broadlyconical .......
......................................................................
E. intortum
- Leavesentire.Spadixappendixslendercylindrical............................F.
lehmannii
Wewish to add here thatwe do not acceptRiedl'sreductionof E. heterophyllum
to subspecificrank
within E. intortum(Riedl 1985).Materialexaminedof both taxadoes show differencesof sufficientstabilityto maintainthem at speciesrank,especiallywith regardto the degreeof peduncleexpansionbeneath the spathe.
A fewwordsshouldbe saidhereaboutthe conservationof E. koenenianum.
With its beautifulwhitewill certainlyattracthorticulturalinterest.In orderto protect
spotted,glisteningleaves,E. koenenianum
the speciesfroma fate similarto thatsufferedby Sternbergia
candidaB. Mathew&T.BaytopandIrispamphylicaHedgethe exactlocationis not citedin this publication.E. koenenianum
is easilypropagated
from
seedandthereforeit is not necessaryto collectmoreplantsin thewild.Thespecieswill certainlybe distributed from the BotanicalGardenof the Universityof Bonn andwill thus be availablefor plant enthusiasts.
Adknowledgements
Wewould liketo thankthe staffof the Departmentof SystematicBotany,BotanicalInstitute,Bonn,
for theirvariedhelp: in particularProfDrW.Barthlottfor his advicein preparingthe drawingsand the
manuscript,Mr.Porembskiforcountingthe chromosomes,DrM.Wolterforthe REM-photographs
and
the descriptionof the pollen and M. Koenenfor preparingthe habitatdescription.The second author
Willdenowia 20 - 1991
51
would like to expresshis thanksto Dr S.J. Mayo,Dr D. A. Simpsonand DrJ. Dransfield,Kew,fortheir
comments on the draftmanuscript.
References
Mill, R. R. 1984: Eminium,p. 69-71. - In: Davis, P. H. (ed.), Floraof Turkey8. - Edinburgh.
Riedl,H. 1969:KritischeUntersuchungenuiberdie GattungEminium(Blume)SchottnebstBemerkungen zu einigenanderenAroideendersiidwestasiatischen
Flora.-Ann.Naturhist.Mus.Wien73: 103121.
- 1980:Tentativekeys for the identificationof speciesin Biarumand Eminium,with notes on some
taxa included in Biarum.- Aroideana3: 24-31.
- 1985:Araceae,p. 197-203.- In: Townsend,C. C. & Guest,E. (eds.),Floraof Iraq8. - Baghdad.
Addressesof the authors:
Dr WolframLobin, BotanischesInstitutund BotanischerGarten,MeckenheimerAllee 171, D-5300
Bonn, FederalRepublicof Germany.
PeterBoyce, Herbarium,RoyalBotanicGardens,Kew,Richmond,Surrey,TW9 3AB, U. K.