A Study of Children`s Homes in Nepal
Transcription
A Study of Children`s Homes in Nepal
A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal NEPAL 2009 ACR INTERNATIONAL May 2009, First Edition 1000 copies Copyright : ACR INT / CPCS INT / CCWB All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without the prior authorisation from ACR INT or CPCS INT or CCWB. Published by : CPCS INT (Belgium) CCWB (Nepal) ISBN : 978-9937-2-1239-7 Design : ORCHID DESIGNERS # 9851007775 Printing : Ultimate Marketing (P.) Ltd. Tel.: +977-1-4352223, E-mail: info@marketingultimate.com A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Research Directors : Dharma Raj Shrestha and Ryckmans Jean-Christophe Main Author : Ryckmans Jean-Christophe Research Coordinators : Tirtha Neupane and Arjun Mohan Bhattarai Data and interviews collectors : Mira Pokharel, Deepak Oli, Ekata Pradhan and Nawaraj Pokharel Statistician and data analysis : Ramesh Adhikari Illustrator : Santosh Rai Other facilitators : Rom Thapa, Julie Benson A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORDS 4 By Dharmaraj Shrestha Executive Director (CCWB) ACKNOWLEDGMENT 6 INTRODUCTION 9 METHODOLOGY 12 PART 1: NGO Views and opinions 13 CHAPTER 1: Basic Profile of Childrens Homes 15 CHAPTER 2: Profile of Children in Homes 20 CHAPTER 3: An Association of Childrens Homes 27 CHAPTER 4: Minimum Standards 38 CHAPTER 5: The Role of Stakeholders 44 NGO Views Summary of Key Findings 47 PART2: INGO Views and opinions 55 CHAPTER 6: Basic Profile of INGO Respondents 55 CHAPTER 7: An Association of Childrens Homes 58 CHAPTER8: Minimum Standards 64 2 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal CHAPTER9: The Role of Stakeholders 67 Views Summary of Key Findings 73 EXPERTS (National and International Experts views) Child Care Homes: Present Situation 76 and Challenges by Madhav Pradhan 79 Charting a New Course for Permanency Planning by Joseph Aguettant 82 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 89 RESPONDING NGOs list 97 RESPONDING INGOs list 147 BIBLIOGRAPHY 152 ABBREVIATION 158 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal 13 FOREWORD All children have a right to care and support from a loving family. However there are an estimated 970,000 children below the age of 18 years who do not have parents. In addition many more families are unable or unwilling to properly care for their children due to social and economic conditions. For this reason more than 800 childrens homes or orphanages have been established in Nepal with the aim of caring for orphan or vulnerable children. However placing children in residential care should be an option of last resort. Many of those in childrens homes have parents or families and the primary responsibility of care for these children should be undertaken by their parents, families or communities. Research has shown that in some institutions children are denied access to their basic rights and may even be abused. In some cases childrens homes are established without proper management or financial support meaning that children are not looked after properly and even engaged in negative activities to raise money to maintain these homes. Newspaper reports have highlighted cases of physical and sexual abuse within childrens homes. All these cases highlight the need for proper coordination and monitoring of childrens homes to ensure there are basic standards in place, abuse is prevented, and that childrens homes are operated efficiently and transparently in the best interests of each child. In addition there should 4 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal be strict criteria to ensure that the right children have access to residential care. This survey by CCWB and CPCS highlights that most childrens homes are working for the best interests of children. In addition these institutions themselves identify the need for increased monitoring, coordination and support as well as the establishment of recognised minimum standards for operation of childrens homes. In addition this report provides clear recommendations for what needs to be done. This survey should not be another exercise in research alone but should be followed up with clear action by all stakeholders involved childrens homes, donors and the government. I urge all involved to take action on these findings with a matter of urgency. Dharma Raj Shrestha Executive Director Central Child Welfare Board (CCWB) A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal 15 Acknowledgement This book is the result of the work of a join team mixing some CCWB and CPCS-Int Staffs. Our thanks are also due to the 196 Children Homes and 14 International Non Governmental Organizations who shared their valuable thoughts and fulfilled our questionnaire. We extend gratitude to the experts who share their views, Madhav Pradhan, Joseph Aguettant Most importantly, special thanks must be given to all children who collaborated in this book and to all their friends spending their childhood in children homes. We sincerely hope this research will bring some improvement to their lives. Last but not least, this book could not have happened without the huge contribution of Jeremy Southon. 6 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal ACR INTERNATIONAL NEPAL 2009 Articles 20 & 21: The State shall "ensure alternative care [for] a child deprived of his or her family environment [according to] the best interests of the child ." (CRC-Convention on the Rights of Children) INTRODUCTION N epal has recently emerged from over a decade of conflict, violence and insecurity fuelled by poverty, inequality and poor governance and set in a context of rapid social change. Although peace has been established a large proportion of the population continues to live in conditions of social and political uncertainty and economic insecurity. An estimated 31% of the population of 27 million lives below the national poverty line. Income disparities are increasing and a large section of the population has poor access to even basic services: For the majority insecurity is a way of life. Insecurity and high risks are exacerbated by the social and economic exclusion confronting the most vulnerable groups in Nepalese society (UNDP 2008 April report nepal in figure, Factsheet). The population of children (under 18) was estimated to be 12.5 million in 2006 with an estimated 30% of children aged 5-14 years involved in child labour. National organisations estimate that there are approximately 5000 street children in Nepal. UNICEF estimates that there are 990,000 orphans aged 0 to 17 years in Nepal. (Unpublished report UNICEF 2008 Dec.) Situation of Childrens Homes There are an estimated 569 children homes in Nepal according to a recent survey conducted by the Central Child Welfare Board, although this may not include many organisations that run informally and have not been legally registered. Of these homes, 386 are in the Kathmandu Valley with only 183 outside of the valley. A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal 19 Although basic minimum standards for the management of child care homes were adopted in 2003 and a Child Care Home Monitoring Committee established by the government in 2006, CWIN, a national child rights organisation, estimated in 2007 that 2 out of 3 childrens homes in Nepal are running in risk situations with only token support. CWIN estimated that about 1500 children were at risk in poorly managed childrens homes and needed immediate rescue (CWIN, 2007 Annual Report). CHALLENGES FOR CHILDRENS HOMES Trend of running childrens homes without formal registration; Adoption of children as a profession in childrens homes; Fostering children in homes who have biological parents; Lack of knowledge on residential care facilities and child rights; Lack of long-term vision and Many childrens homes are operating in Nepal for the best interest of children. However due to some negative incidents and cases and a more general problem of communication between childrens homes, the public, the government, donors and the media there is a often confusion about the role childrens homes can play in creating a better future for orphan and vulnerable children and therefore for Nepal. planning; Lack of strong monitoring mechanism; Lack of alternative care options (childrens homes should be a last resort). CWIN-NEPAL, Fact Sheet: Situation of Child Care Homes and Government Initiatives in Nepal (November 2007) Despite enormous energy spent for childrens protection, rehabilitation, reintegration and education and many positive results, the media is dominated by accounts of mismanagement, corruption, and abuse affecting the reputation and image of all childrens homes. 10 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Rationale for this Study Childrens homes run largely independently of each other, adopting their own policies and practices and working without supervision or support. Different investigations have highlighted the occurrence of abuse among children in childrens homes whether as a result of neglect or physical or sexual abuse by staff and other children in the homes. There is an urgent need to effectively monitor childrens homes to protect children. In addition there is a need for funding and technical support to enable committed and transparent childrens homes to attain practical and realistic minimum standards of which they themselves have ownership. The CCWB and CPCS International jointly realised this study to understand the motivation of childrens homes to establish and participate in an association of childrens homes in Nepal with the aim to improve the standards of many childrens homes, to protect children in these institutions, to identify ways to support these childrens homes effectively, and to promote effective national monitoring systems. In addition we wished to understand from childrens homes what role they can play in this process. This study was conducted to identify these issues and to provide recommendation as to how it should move forward with its intention to support the child care sector in Nepal. A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal 11 1 METHODOLOGY t his research was developed by CPCS International in coordination with CCWB and ACR-International. The study collected information from children's homes (NGOs) and from International Non-Governmental Organisations (INGOs) supporting work with children in Nepal. A quantitative research approach was used in this study. A structured interview was developed for completion by respondents from children's homes and INGOs. Written informed consent was obtained from the participants before participation. Study participants were given clear options on whether to participate or not. It was also made clear that they could refuse to answer any questions during the interview and terminate the interview at any time they desire. Confidentiality of information was maintained by removing all personal identifiers from questionnaires. A total of 196 children's homes were covered in the study. These homes are faithbased, Non-governmental, Governmental, Charity, Handicaped & run under special act. These homes were covered from a total of 24 districts in Nepal. Almost three out of five (57% - 112) homes covered were inside the Kathmandu valley (Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur districts) and the remaining 43 percent (84 homes) were from other districts. All completed interviews were entered into a database while open ended questions were listed and coded. Data entry and validity checks were performed using dBase IV. After cleaning, the data was transferred into the SPSS statistical software package for further processing and analysis. INGOs supporting work with children were identified through the Association of INGOs in Nepal (AIN) and requested to participate in this survey. A total 14 INGOs participated. A different structured interview was developed for INGO respondents. Given the size of this sample a general summary of the opinions expressed by these INGOs has been presented. There are 15 stories which has asked among children in rehabilitation center about their past stories how they come in contact with Children's Home and about their experiences. It is relevant to the children homes. It is not analysed and studied as research. It is collected by research team. 12 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Part 1 Non Governmental Organisations NEPAL 2009 ACR INTERNATIONAL Article 27 (CRC): Every child has "the right to a standard of living adequate for [her/his] physical, mental, spiritual, moral and social development." PART 1: NGOs CHAPTER 1: Basic Profile of Children's Homes a total of 196 children's homes were covered in this survey based in 24 districts. 57% (112) of these homes were in Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur, while the remaining 43% (84) were outside of the Kathmandu Valley. Date of Establishment The majority of children's h o m e s covered in this study had b e e n established in the last eight years, since 2000,a total of 62% of homes. Only 6% of homes had been running before the establishment of democracy in Nepal in 1990. 24.6% of homes were 'new', having been established since the year 2005. In addition in 2003 there appeared to be a peak in the establishment of children's homes, with 1 in 10 homes having been established in that year. Significantly 9% of respondents were unable to state the date of establishment of their children's home. CHAPTER 1: Basic Profile of Children's Homes 15 1 Number of Employees The average number of employees in each home was 8 persons. However a substantial proportion of the centres (46%) had less than five employees. The average number of employees in the centres was higher in homes located in Kathmandu valley (Average=8.5) than in centres located outside Kathmandu valley (average = 6.3). It is notable that more than 1 in 10 homes had 15 or more employees. Number of Children/Beneficiaries Children's homes were found with numbers of resident children varying from 3 to 50. The average number of children residing in each home was 35. However for homes in the Kathmandu Valley this figure was higher with an average of 42 children while in homes located outside of the Kathmandu Valley the average number of children was 27. 24% of homes in the Kathmandu Valley and 12% of homes out of the valley had,more,than,50,children. Legal Status Only 78% of children's homes had been registered with the office of the Chief District Officer (a legal 16 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal requirement of social welfare organisations including children's homes). While 86% of homes in the Kathmandu Valley had been registered with the CDO, outside of the valley this fell to only 70%. In addition, only 61% were affiliated with the Social Welfare Council (SWC). Not surprisingly, the proportion of those registered with the SWC was higher in Kathmandu Valley (76%) where the SWC is located, than outside of the valley (42%). v v CHAPTER 1: Basic Profile of Children's Homes 17 1 Life Story M Sita (Name Changed) Bhaktpur, Age: 13 Year Class: 6 y parents have been separated around three years before. And my grandparents have thorough out us (Mother, my sister and me) from their home. After that we came to our Mama's house, stayed there for two years. Later on we shifted to kalimati stayed on rent. My mother used to work in other house and that used to feed us. My auntie informed my mother about an organization working for the poor, needy and helpless children. So they came over the children home to collect more information about rules and regulation of the organization. Finally, we have been admitted in to the register of this organization. And they have entered our name in the school and like other girls we are also going to school, getting all the facilities equally as other are getting. I am very interested in studies I hope here this children home is providing us free fooding, shelter and education which is good opportunity for those, who have really very poor family condition. To make us stable and capable this organization must touch the peak of the success in its aim. 98 18 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Life Story Kabita (Name Changed) Nuwakot, 13 Year Class: 3 I Used to live with uncle and aunty in Nuwakot. My brother took me in CWIN. My mother remarried with other man. My father was died when I was five years old since we, me and brother live with uncle. I I stayedin organization for few months. They used to provide us food, shelter, cloths and basic eduction. Later on, they sent us in other organization which works for helpless and poor children. Baishak 27, 2063, I with my some other friends entered in to the gate of children home which was located in Baluwatar. At first, when CWIN was planning to shift here in this child home. I was very afraid about that are they again sending me home back? But it was not taking that they have send us to child home to join the school and to get good life status. Me and my other friends are really happy to been here in this children home. Because here everything is well management and all the system are followed by all the girls equally. I am really enjoying here. I hope I well get my destiny through in this organization. CHAPTER 1: Basic Profile of Children's Homes 19 1 PART 1: NGOs CHAPTER 2: Profile of Children in Homes Means of Admission c hildren's homes reported that children were referred or brought to the homes in various ways: directly by their families, referred by government bodies or NGOs, referred by brokers or found alone on the street. The majority of children's homes (60%) had at least one beneficiary referred by the child's own family. Similarly, 46% of the centres reported that they had had children referred by government bodies. Likewise, 27% had identified and brought children directly from the street. 22% of homes had had children referred by other NGOs. Notably, 8% of homes had had a child referred to the home by a broker. Although a large majority of the homes (74%) did not have children who had been found on the street, 4% of the homes reported that more than O F O G S 20 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal 75% of their beneficiaries were children who had been found on the street. 19% of homes had more than 75% of their beneficiaries referred by government bodies. 28% of homes reported that more than 75% of their beneficiaries had been referred by the children's families. Family Status of Children The majority of homes referred to orphan children (with both parents or a single parent deceased) as beneficiaries. However 65% of homes had children as Family Status of Children (%) beneficiaries who were not single or double orphans. This proportion was greater in the Kathmandu Valley (71% of homes) while it was less (56%) outside of the valley. Most homes had a mixture of children of different family status. 19% of homes did not have any children who were double orphans and 40% of centres had less than 25% of their beneficiaries who were double orphans (i.e. they had a mother or a father alive). 35% of homes did not have any children who had one or both parents alive and 12% of homes had more than 75% of their beneficiaries who were double orphans. However, almost one tenth of homes (9%) identified more than 75% of their beneficiaries as children who had both parents alive. CHAPTER 2: Profile of Children in Homes 21 1 Gender of Children 80% of homes provided care for both girls and boys. However, 12% of homes were for boys only and 8% of homes for girls only. The proportion was greater outside of Kathmandu Valley - 17% of homes outside of the valley only had male beneficiaries while it was 8% within the valley. Similarly 11% of homes out of the valley only had female beneficiaries while it was 5% within the valley. Overall more male children are residing in children's homes than females. 16% of homes had less than 25% of beneficiaries who were female, while only 12% of homes had more than 75% of beneficiaries who were female. Only 8% of homes had less than 25% of beneficiaries who were male, while 22%of homes had more than 75% of beneficiaries who were male. 22 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Age of Beneficiaries In terms of age distribution almost all homes had residents less than 14 years of age while fewer homes had residents aged 15 years or over. 16% of homes did not have residents below the age of 8 years. More generally 50% of homes had less than 25% of their beneficiaries below the age of 8 years, while for 8% of homes children below the age of 8 years represented more than 75% of their beneficiaries. CHAPTER 2: Profile of Children in Homes 23 1 For 44% of homes children aged 8 to 14 years formed the 50-75% of their beneficiaries while for 20% of homes this age group represented more than 75% of their beneficiaries. 7% of homes did not have children in this age group. 40% of homes did not have residents aged 15 years or above, while for 32% of homes this age group represented less than 25% of their beneficiaries. 24 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Life Story Gita (Name Changed) Jhapa, 13 Year Class: 4 I was born in kathmandu. I was originally from Jhapa. My father married with other women they forced us to leave house. My father used to drink wine and beat my mother so we came to street. We live in a street for 2 years. I used to beg the money in the temples only on the day of rush in temples .I have faced various problems like most of the time the made beggars used to search the money from the temple beggars .People used to dominate us and used to use bad wordings on us. A sister from street Mangali took me CWIN because her daughter was also in CWIN. I lived for 6 month there I participated in non-formal education .It was nice to be there. Sir Miss loves me. They offer food, shelter and other facilities for us. They told me to study in school so they sent me in other organization. At the beginning, it was quiet and to stay among the big group of many girls. I thought to go back but days past. I was totally mixed up among then and very soon I have been send to school in class two though I am very interested in studies. I thanks to organization and even to CWIN for showing me the correct way of living life and giving me the stairs to overcome the life in future. May god bless the people who are involved in this program for bringing the children those are in poor living conditions and facing various problems in the street. CHAPTER 2: Profile of Children in Homes 25 1 Life Story Hari (Name Changed) Hetauda, Makawanpur Age: 15 Year W e all family come Kathmandu while my father plan to fly overseas. We started to live in Kalanki, Khashibazar. Father left country I live with mother I stay at home. One day, I met Tampo Khalashi and I work in public transport. When I was 10 years since that time my mother let me go out for work. She never reacted. Gradually I started to consume cigarette, dendrite with friends. I was about 11years. I live in street with my friend. I went many N G O s , VO C, C P C S, C W I N, a n d A P C w i t h f r i e n d s . I used to sleep in organization. Most of the organization offers food shelter education and medical support. They told me to live there and study. In day time, I work as cleaner and Motor (public Bus) cleaner. Elder boys used to beat me while I was in CWIN. APC staff also request me to study and stay there. In APC and VOC, their children fought each other. So I left Organization. Youth bate us but sir and miss loves us in some organization. Many times I was requested by sir and miss to take training and studies. Most of the organization served delicious meals and schooling but couldnt stay there. Because of bad fellow we cant stay in organization. 98 26 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal PART 1: NGOs CHAPTER 3: An Association of Children's Homes R espondents from children's homes were asked concerning their views about the formation and functioning of an association of children's homes. Reasons for the Formation of an Association A series of questions regarding the perceived benefits of the formation of an association of children's homes were asked to the representative of the homes. Of 196 children's homes covered in this study, representatives of 163 centres gave their opinion on these issues (83% of the sample). CHAPTER 3: An Association of Children's Homes 27 1 All representatives except for one strongly agreed or agreed that a new association is needed for promoting collaboration between children's homes. Similarly, 98% of respondents strongly agreed or agreed that this association could help in improving relations with the government. Almost all respondents strongly agreed or agreed that a new association could protect and legally support NGOs to accomplish their mission (98%) and to ensure donors that the NGOs are maintaining their standards (94%). They also believed that the formation of a new association could help promote proper management (95%), train employees/caregivers (97%), procure financial resources (96%), and help with the legal registration process (95%). Significantly very few representatives (less than 2%) strongly disagreed or disagreed on any of the above mentioned issues. Perceived Benefits of an Association Less than 23% of respondents agreed that existing networks represented children's homes well. 93% of respondents strongly agreed or agreed that the formation an association could be useful. 95% strongly agreed or agreed that the establishment of a support office would be useful. Overall, 69% of respondents strongly agreed or agreed that a label would help reaching basic quality standards. A higher proportion of respondents from outside of the Kathmandu Valley agreed with this (79%) compared to those respondents from within the Kathmandu Valley (62%). Overall 14% of respondents disagreed with the notion that a label would help reach basic quality standards. The majority of respondents (67%) strongly agreed or agreed that a label would help their NGO (children's home). However, 15% of respondents disagreed with this. 66% of respondents did not think that the concept of a label was 'too commercial' while 13% did believe that it was too commercial. 28 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal The majority of respondents (62%) did not fear that their organisation would lose control/independence by joining an association of children's homes. The proportion was slightly higher among respondents from the Kathmandu Valley (65%) than from those located outside of the valley (60%). Finally, almost all respondents (93%) strongly agreed or agreed that an association would make it easier to engage with government agencies. Establishment of an Association of Children's Homes Almost all respondents (96%) strongly agreed or agreed that a new association should be formed. 90% of representatives believed that the governmental Central Child Welfare Board (CCWB) and an association should jointly collaborate to coordinate homes. CHAPTER 3: An Association of Children's Homes 29 1 94% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that CPCS-INT should facilitate or support the formation of an association but not that it should select members of the central committee (73% disagreed that CPCS-INT (ACR) should do this). Similarly, almost all respondents (94%) strongly agreed or agreed that the CCWB should facilitate/support the formation of the association. CPCS-INT (ACR-INT) should facilitate/support the formation of the association A new association should be formed CPCS-INT (ACR-INT) should facilitate/support the formation of the association CPCS-INT should select member of the central committee CCWB should facilitate/support the formation of the association More than two-thirds of respondents believed that I/NGOs should themselves form an association. However, 22% disagreed on this statement. A large difference was found between respondents from within and outside of the Kathmandu Valley. 86% of respondents from outside of Kathmandu valley and 54% from within the valley agreed that I/NGOs themselves should form an association. 30 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal More than four-fifths of the respondents strongly agreed or agreed that members of the central committee should be elected democratically while 64% of respondents strongly agreed or agreed that donor representatives from AIN and donors should be included in the committee. Almost all of the respondents (94%) strongly agreed or agreed that the association should have members from all over Nepal. Significantly almost all respondents (90%) disagreed that the association should be formed in collaboration with Kathmandu-based homes. A large majority of the respondents (91%) strongly agreed or agreed that the association should establish child complaint centre. Similarly, a large majority of the respondents (90%) strongly agreed or agreed that funds should be provided by the association to children's homes. CHAPTER 3: An Association of Children's Homes 31 1 94% of respondents reported that their organisation/children's home would accept to participate as a founding member of the committee of an association. For those homes within the Kathmandu Valley this represented 97% of respondents while for those homes outside of the valley 91% expressed willingness to participate as a founding member. A large majority of the respondents (89%) strongly agreed or agreed that the association and CCWB should jointly form complaint centres. Similarly, an overwhelming majority of the respondents (91%) strongly agreed or agreed that association members should receive funds to reach measurable standards (minimum standards), and that trainings should be managed by CCWB and the association (94%). On the contrary, only about half of the respondents (58%) strongly agreed or agreed that the association should cover all the children's homes including 32 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal those who work on adoption. It is notable that 23% of respondents disagreed that the association should cover such homes who work on adoption. Similarly 20% of respondents strongly disagreed or disagreed that 'it is useful to build a relation between children's homes and those child care homes who focus on adoption'. Only 20% of respondents agreed that the present adoption policy and laws were suitable while 24% strongly disagreed or disagreed with the present adoption policy and laws. However, more than half of the respondents (55%) were ignorant about the present adoption policy and laws. Membership Process 80% of respondents strongly agreed or agreed that membership of the association should only be granted to a children's home once it had signed a charter with some commitments. However 16% of respondents in Kathmandu Valley and 9% of respondents outside of the valley disagreed on this issue. 71% of respondents believed that a charter should be signed by donor agencies as well as children's homes. 61% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that membership should only be granted on condition of respecting measurable minimum standards. However, 34% respondents disagreed with this statement. A higher proportion of homes outside of Kathmandu disagreed with this (42%) compared to those homes working within the valley (25%). CHAPTER 3: An Association of Children's Homes 33 1 Administration of an Association Almost all respondents (96%) reported that formatted annual accounts of the association were useful. Similarly, almost all respondents (95%) reported that publication of annual reports was useful. Furthermore, it was also reported by 98% of respondents that the funds of the association should be transparent. Creating an Effective and Transparent Association Respondents were asked to suggest ways in which an effective association could be created. 21% of respondents suggested that an association will be effective if it has strong implementation policies. Similarly 14% that if the new association included all children's homes it would be more effective. 13% of respondents identified that an association should have effective coordination and 11% that it should be transparent and have good policies. 12% of respondents did not have ideas on how to make a new association effective. 34 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal In terms of ensuring transparency 42% of respondents reported that politics/politicians should be avoided. A higher proportion of the respondents from out of Kathmandu valley (56%) than inside the valley (32%) reported this as the best process to ensure transparency and effective decisionmaking. 25% of respondents reported that partiality (bias) should be avoided to ensure transparency and effective decisions. Furthermore, respondents mentioned that the best process to ensure transparency were through the CHAPTER 3: An Association of Children's Homes 35 1 establishment of a 'good policy, vision and mission' (9%), 'democratic system' (8%) and 'effective implementation' (8%). 9% of respondents did not identify ways in which to ensure an association would be transparent with effective decision-making. Coordination Mechanism Respondents were asked about their ideas for implementing mechanisms of co-ordination among the homes was solicited from the respondents. Overall 23% of respondents mentioned that strong cooperation between homes should be established. 44% of respondents mentioned that the association should establish interhome coordination mechanisms. A higher proportion of the respondents from out of Kathmandu valley (54%) compared with those from the valley (36%) reported that the association should coordinate meetings with children's home at regular intervals. Similarly about half of the respondents from outside the valley (47%) and about a quarter of respondents from Kathmandu (21%) valley reported that the association should establish a visit program among the homes. 36 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Data Management Asked what type of data management was needed in the association, 42% of respondents did not have any idea about data management systems. 27% identified that good and easy data management system was necessary, while a small number identified that updating the data system on a daily basis and a transparent data management system was required for the new association. total of 196 children's homes were covered in this survey based in 24 districts. 57% (112) of these homes were in Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur, while the remaining 43% (84) were outside of the Kathmandu Valley. CHAPTER 3: An Association of Children's Homes 37 1 PART 1: NGOs CHAPTER 4: Minimum Standards T he study examined minimum standards which respondents perceived should be maintained by the association and its members through a series of questions. Almost all respondents believe that minimum standards should be established and maintained by children's homes. In particular, 98% of respondents reported that standards relating to maintaining individual files of children was useful, as well as information on the space and facilities (94%), hygiene and sanitation (98%), medical status of children (98%), legal status of children and official registration (98%). Similarly, the majority of respondents felt it useful to have standards on education (98%), recreation (98%), child participation (98%), origin/present environment comparison (95%), child protection policy (98%), staff qualifications/training (98%), internal code of conduct (98%), training to staff (98%), training to management (98%). Furthermore, almost all respondents reported that child access to and participation in complaint centre (96%) and child rights training for staff (98%) were useful standards. 38 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Perceived Reasons for Not Fulfilling Minimum Standards set by Nepal government to run child care homes Asked to suggest reasons why some children's homes are not able to reach basic or minimum standards, more than half of respondents (56%) mentioned that the reason as 'lack of funds'. 19% stated that it was due to misuse of funds. 10% of respondents complained that bad government policy was the cause of children's homes not fulfilled minimum standards. Some other causes mentioned by the respondents were lack of management (7%), minimum standards not being suitable to the context of Nepal (5%), and lack of observation/monitoring (5%). CHAPTER 4: Minimum Standards 39 1 Training Needed Respondents were asked to identify training that was needed for children's homes. In particular, 34% of respondents identified trainings for staffs who works with children, as well as 17% mentioning training on child rights and 16% on children's home management. Furthermore, about 14% reported that child care training is also needed. A higher proportion of respondents from out of valley focused on training on child rights (27%), home management (28%) and child care training (23%) while the respective proportions were low (less than 10%) among respondents from the Kathmandu valley. 40 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal 9% of respondent did not have an idea of what types of training were needed. CHAPTER 4: Minimum Standards 41 1 Life Story I Ram (Name Changed) Hetauda, Makawanpur Age: 9 Year come from Hetauda. My step mother used to beat me. I left my home since childhood and beg in Hetauda Bus Park. My father doesn't love me so I leave home. I go to an organization where other children were there. I stayed there for 5-6 months. They only provide food, shelter and entertainment. I left there. I came in Narayanghad. I found 2 organizations there. In these two organizations I got food shelter and education but I didn't want to study. So I left them. I beg in the street. I went organization to sleep at night. I expensed all money what I earned. My mother come Narayanghad too. So I come in Kathmandu. In Kathmandu, I went to an organization in Basantapur. I live there for few days and I went other organization in Kathmandu with my friends. I got food and tuition class over there. The organization staff told me to stay there. There were elders boys who beat younger boys so I don't want to live. Nowadays, I go to one drop in center Kalanki with friends. I don't want to go home. 42 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Life Story I Shyam (Name Changed) Lalbandi, Sharlahi Age: 12 Year come from lahan with friend Jivan before 1 year. When I was studying in school. I couldn't back home afraid of parents beat me. I was unknown about organization in Kathmandu. I lived in street. One day, I met boys in Hanumandhoka they took me in organization. I couldn't live in there. I felt there crowd and noisy while studying. They served chicken fry on Friday. I couldn't sleep there at night. I went in Dillibazar with my friend but couldn't live there so I back to Kalanki. I met field social worker from an organization. They told me to go with them in a children home. They told me to send back home. If I interested to go school they told me to enroll in school. I stayed there a week. It was nice to be there. I got meal, shelter, watch Television but I didn't want to stay and study so I could not stay there One day I fight with a school boy. I didn't tell to sir miss and I runaway from there and again come to street. It was hard life in street though I don't want to back home and join organization. CHAPTER 4: Minimum Standards 43 1 PART 1: NGOs CHAPTER 5: The Role of Stakeholders R espondents were asked about what they thought the role of ACRINT, the CCWB and other government agencies should be in an association of children's homes. Role of ACR-INT (CPCS-INT) Respondents stated various roles of CPCS-INT (ACR-INT). 32% of respondents reported that CPCS-INT should provide funding support to children's homes. Similarly 31% of respondent mentioned that monitoring of children's homes should be the role of CPCS-INT through financial support.. 44 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Furthermore, more than a quarter of respondents (27%) stated that coordination should be done by CPCS-INT (37% for those respondents from outside of Kathmandu Valley and 20% for those within the valley). The other commonly mentioned roles of CPCS-INT (ACR-INT) were fundraising (16%), support as a facilitator (10%), leading role (6%), fund management (6%). However 9% of respondents did not have an idea about the role of CPCS-INT. Role of CCWB Respondents mentioned various roles for the CCWB. 59% reported that monitoring of the centres should be done by the CCWB. 26% believed that coordination between centres should be performed by the CCWB and 19% reported that financial support should be delivered by the CCWB. 10% reported that an advising role to the centres should be played by the CCWB. Formulating good policy and supervision were other commonly identified roles for the CCWB. CHAPTER 5: The Role of Stakeholders 45 1 Inclusion of Government Organizations The majority of respondents (57%) agreed that other government organizations should be included in the new association. However, 20% of respondents disagreed on the inclusion of other governmental organizations (including 33% of respondents from the Kathmandu Valley). Here governmental organizations represent the police court, homes run under special acts, CCWB, DCWB etc. Type of Network Overall, 38% of respondents reported that a 'good' network is required between children's homes, the CCWB and District Child Welfare Boards. However, the criterion for 'good' was not mentioned. Furthermore, 19% of respondents reported that coordination was also important between children's homes, the CCWB and DCWB. However, 30% of respondents had no idea about the type of network needed between children's homes, the CCWB and DCWB. 46 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal PART 1: NGOs SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS (NGOs) T his survey of children's homes covered a total of 196 homes representing approximately 78% of children's homes registered with the government agency, the Central Child Welfare Board (CCWB). The key findings of the study in relation to its objectives were as follows: CHILDREN'S HOMES and their BENEFICIARIES Many children's homes may not have the experience or resources to deliver professional services: 25% of homes were relatively new having been established in the last 3 years (in an environment where there is little support for capacity-building) while 46% of homes had less than 5 employees. In addition, 24% of homes in Kathmandu Valley and 12% of homes outside had 50 children or more in their care requiring significant resources; Many children's homes are not legally registered: Only 78% of children's homes had been registered with the CDO (a legal requirement); Many children in homes are not orphans: 19% of homes had no children who were double orphans and 40% of children's homes had less than 25% of their beneficiaries who were double orphans (i.e. they had a mother or father alive); Vulnerability/risk may not be the most determining factor in admission of children to children's homes: More male children are residing in children's homes than females. This suggests that it is not necessarily family situation of children which is the primary determinant for referral to children's homes. Summary of Key Findings (NGOs) 47 1 AN ASSOCIATION OF CHILDREN'S HOMES An association of children's homes is needed: Except for one organisation, all representatives responding to questions on the formation of an association of children's homes identified the need for an association to promote collaboration between children's homes. 96% agreed that a new association should be formed and only 23% of respondents agreed that existing networks/associations represented children' homes well; Children's homes identify many benefits from the formation of an association: Over 90% of all respondents agreed with the following benefits - improving relations with government, protect and legally support children's homes to accomplish their mission, ensure to donors that homes are maintaining minimum standards, promote proper management in homes, train employees/caregivers, procure financial resources and support with legal registration; Need for a support office for children's homes: 95% of respondents believed the establishment of a support office for children's homes would be useful and identified areas (including training) in which they could benefit from support; A quality 'label' would support children's homes and children: 69% of respondents agreed that a label would help in reaching basic quality standards and 67% believed a quality label would help their organisation; An association should be democratic, formed by NGOs themselves and involve participation of children's homes from all over Nepal: 2 in 3 respondents said I/NGOs should form an association themselves, more than 80% of respondents said the central committee should be democratically elected, and 64% agreed that representative from AIN and donors should be included in the central committee. In addition, 94% of respondents agreed that the association should have members 48 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal from all over Nepal. Many homes outside of the Kathmandu Valley highlighted that the association should not be dominated by Kathmandu-based children's homes; Children's homes with the main objective of facilitating international adoption may not be suitable for inclusion in an association: 23% of respondents disagreed that homes facilitating international adoption should be included in the association and 24% of respondents disagreed with present adoption policy and laws; Membership should come with commitments: 80% of respondents agreed that children's homes could only become members by signing a charter with commitments. 71% of respondents also agreed that donor agencies should sign this charter; A transparent and non-political association: 42% of respondents identified that politics should be avoided to ensure transparency MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR CHILDREN'S HOMES Minimum standards should be established covering BASIC STANDARDS (hygiene, sanitation, space, facilities), LEGAL STATUS of children and organisation, DOCUMENTATION (children's files), EDUCATION , RECREATION, CHILD PARTICIPATION, CHILD PROTECTION POLICY, HUMAN RESOURCES (staff training and qualifications), MANAGEMENT (training and code of conduct); Membership conditional on a commitment to minimum standards: 61% of respondents agreed that membership should only be granted on condition of respecting measurable minimum standards (although 42% of homes outside of the Kathmandu Valley disagreed with this); An association should establish a complaints centre in coordination with CCWB: 89% of respondents agreed that the association and CCWB should jointly form a complaints centre; Summary of Key Findings (NGOs) 49 1 An association should provide funds for members to reach measurable standards: 91% agreed that members should receive funds to reach measurable standards. 56% suggested that lack of funds was a reason for homes which were not reaching minimum standards; An association should manage trainings for members: 94% of respondents believe that the association should provide training to its members - including training on dealing with personnel working with children, child rights, children's homes management, and child care training. THE ROLE OF CCWB and CPCS- INT The CCWB should be involved in coordinating and monitoring children's homes: 90% of respondents believed the CCWB jointly collaborate with an association to coordinate and monitor children's homes. 59% of respondents believed the CCWB should be responsible for monitoring children's homes; CPCS-INT and CCWB should facilitate and support the formation of an association: 94% of respondents agreed that CPCS-INT should facilitate or support the formation of an association and an equal number of respondents agreed that the CCWB should be involved to facilitate and support an association of children's homes. Respondents stated both CPCS-INT and CCWB should provide funding support for members Other government agencies should be involved in the association and network of children's homes: 57% of respondents stated that other government agencies should also be involved. 50 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Life Story W Kamal (Name Changed) Address: Kathmandu Age: 17 Year hen I was 5 years old my step mother forced my mother to leave our house. Mother left home then I don't want to stay at home. Father used to beat me so that I directly come to street. There I meet many street friends. With them I went to VOC. There sir and miss loved me but (elder boys) used to fight with friends. At that time sir and miss used to scold me. So I don't want to stay there though I got all facilities of food, shelter, educations and medical over there. then I went to CWIN Sajathalo. There sir told me to stay there for my good future. He said he wills admission me at school from there. Because of friends I don't want to stay there. Like wise I stay 10 years at street and now also I am staying at street. During this time I also visit many Organizations. While I was 8-9 years I loved to go school. All Org wants to support me for schooling. But due to friends and my mother I don't want to stay at either at child home or home. I was beaten by teachers as well as elder friends due to my behavior while I was staying at Organization of Bashantapur and Dallu. Most of the Organizations treats meat weekly, go for picnic, movie and also aware not to stay at street for us. Now I am young, I had requested my father for citizenship card but he refused and scold at me. As my house is at Capital city I was neglected by my parents. If I was supported from my family I would never be at street of Kathmandu. Now, I am searching for Home that gives me skill training. Summary of Key Findings (NGOs) 51 1 Life Story I Neeta (Name Changed) Address: Jhapa, Age: 13 Year Class: 4 was born in Pashupati. My family is poor. My father was expired BS 2064. I am originally from Jhapa. He was a drunkard. We were staying in Newbaneshwar on rent. But unfortunately the house owner sold the plot to somebody therefore we have to leave the place. My mother was illiterate so it was too difficult her to get a job. So later on us had no other option to live in Pashupati I used to pick the plastic from the garbage to earn for livelihood. One day I was selling my plastic (Mal) to Kawadi, there on that moment some educational people were there on survey (field visit). They have asked me some question about my family and my daily activities. They met to my parents, talked with the about me to send with the field team. At Last they convinced by the sir and miss. And on next day I came with them in to drop in center. I have gone through the rules and regulation of the organization and was registered under the NGO. Now it is three years to staying under the concern of children home. I am now going to school studying in class four. And using all the facilities provides by the organization. It is a nice experience to been a part of this organization because I think it is one a only an organization honestly working for those who are poor and needy children. Thank you very much to the people who are well wishers of the organization now where live in me. 52 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Part 2 : International Non Governmental Organisations NEPAL 2009 ACR INTERNATIONAL Article 19 (CRC): Children must be protected from " injury or abuse including sexual abuse, while in the care of parents or any other person ." Article 24 (CRC): All children have the right to "the highest attainable standard of health [including access to] primary health care nutritious foods and clean drinking-water." PART 2: INGOs CHAPTER 6: Basic Profile of INGO respondents T he study covered 14 INGOs with offices in the Kathmandu Valley. Among these INGOs, two had their head office in Nepal, two in France and two in Japan. The other INGOs had head offices in Germany, Switzerland, USA, Philippine, Australia, Brazil, Norway and UK. The majority of INGO respondents were working in five or more districts of Nepal (8 INGOs), including 4 INGOs which worked in more than 30 districts. 2 INGOs worked in only one district of Nepal. Half of those INGOs covered did not support any children's homes, while 3 supported 1 home each. 4 INGOs supported two or more children's homes, including 1 INGO supporting 10 children's homes. Of the 7 INGOs supporting children's homes the number of beneficiaries ranged from 16 to 180 children. All supported homes had male children; however two homes did not have any female children. 3 INGOs reported less than 50 beneficiaries, while the other 4 INGOs reported more than 100 child beneficiaries. The total number of child beneficiaries supported by these INGOs was 671. INGOs were also asked what issues prevented them from supporting children's homes. 3 INGOs reported that they supported community-based care for vulnerable children or that community rehabilitation should be a priority, while a further 2 organisations reported they supported children's homes to become self-sustainable. In addition 1 INGO stated they supported life skills and education training, while another stated that they only supported day care centres not residential homes. CHAPTER: 6 Basic Profile of INGO Respondents 55 1 Life Story M Suraj (Name Changed) Address : Sindhuli Age: 8 Years y house is at Kamalamai Municipality of Sindhuli. I have 4 family member including father, mother and sister. Our economical condition is so poor so we migrated to Kathmandu. My father works as a labor. We rented a room here but we don't have to pay for it. My father used to drink and always fight and beat mother. One day father come to home drinking alcohol and burn my mother pouring kerosene. My mother was burned on face and body. Mean while my sister call for police and arrest to my father. Due to family conflict my father is now at Jail. After that case, my mother started to beg at pashupati. Some time wash dishes of neighbors. From that work of mother it is hard for survive. So we all started to beg at Pashupati. We were told not to beg there by sir and miss that come from different homes. One day a sir from an organization come to pashupati on field and he talks to my mother about our condition and she requests him to refer us for an organization. Then we came to organization. My younger sister lives with my mother. My elder sister was also at same organization but later my mother became sick so that she went to home but I am still studying from here. Here all things are good. Sir and miss also love us. I want to further study staying here. I got meals shelter education and medical services 56 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Life Story M Suman (Name Changed) Address: Lalitpur Age: 11 Year y name is Suman. I am in street since 2 years. My father marries to other woman, she beats and scolds me so I run away and came to Kathmandu, pashupati area. My father also beats and scolds me so that I don't want to go home back. While we are at pashupati many sir and miss of homes comes to meet us. I went to HELP Nepal for 5 months from pashupati. I got meals, shelter and medical .I don't want to stay there then I run away from there. Then I came to Prayas Nepal of Samakhushi. There is facility of class, snacks but no facility of night shelter. Then I went to Sath Sath and Bishauni. There sir and miss told me for schooling but I don't to go to school. Maiti Nepal and Help Nepal sirs miss told me to join school though I could ot stay there Now I am staying at CPCS. There sir and miss love me. They told me to go school staying there. I don't know why I don't want to stay at homes. I love to stay at street with my friends. CHAPTER: 6 Basic Profile of INGO Respondents 57 1 PART 2: INGOs CHAPTER 7: An Association of Children's Homes R espondents from INGOs were asked concerning their views about the formation and functioning of an association of children's homes. Reasons for the Formation of an Association A series of questions examined INGOs perceptions of the benefits of the formation of new association. The majority of respondents (11 out of 14) agreed or strongly agreed that a network/association of children homes is necessary in Nepal. 58 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Similarly, the majority of the respondents (10 out of 14) agreed or strongly agreed that existing networks sufficiently represented children homes. However, three respondents were ignorant on this issue. However almost all respondents (12 out of 14) agreed or strongly agreed that to support an existing network than opening a new structure. A large majority of the respondents (11 out of 14) agreed or strongly agreed that a label would help reaching basic quality standards. On the other hand, a substantial number of the respondents (4 out of 14) disagreed or strongly disagreed on the statement that 'it would be appropriate that CCWB and the network jointly collaborate to coordinate homes'. The majority of INGO respondents (10 out of 14) agreed or strongly agreed that a network will facilitate working with government agencies. The same number of respondents (10 out of 14) agreed or strongly agreed that a network must impose measurable standards to their members. Perceptions about an Association and Minimum Standards The majority of INGO respondents agreed or strongly agreed (12 out of 14) that an association and minimum standards should be fulfilled for improving relations with government. Furthermore, almost all respondents agreed or strongly agreed (13 out of 14) that an association and minimum standards should be there to protect and legally support NGO's on reaching their missions. Moreover, the other overwhelming majority of the respondents (12 out of 14) agreed or strongly agreed that an association and minimum standards should be there to demonstrate to donors that an NGO is respecting accounting standards. Almost all respondents except one agreed or strongly agreed that an association and minimum standard are necessary to promote proper management. Similarly, almost all respondents (13 out of 14) were agreed or strongly agreed that an association and minimum standards are necessary to train employees/care givers. CHAPTER 7: An Association of Children's Homes 59 1 A Support Office for Children's Homes A series of questions regarding the establishment of a support office for children's homes were asked to the respondents. It is encouraging to note 60 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal that the majority of respondents (11 out of 14) perceived that a support office was useful for helping children's homes to reach minimum standards. Similarly, the majority of respondents reported that a support office was useful to support in the preparation of long term policies (12 out of 14), short term guidance and advice (8 out of 14), financial emergency support (8 out of 14), infrastructural support (9 out of 14) and empowerment for self-sustainability (12 out of 14) are useful. Effective Process to Ensure Transparency and Effective Decisions in Children's Homes Respondents were asked about their opinion regarding the best process to ensure transparency and effective decisions in children homes. A considerable number of respondents (4 out of 14) did not respond to this question. However, some respondents reported that 'formulation of children home's policy', enforcement of standards, and transparent financial systems are the best process to ensure transparency and effective decisions in children's homes. What is the best process to ensure transparency and effective decisions in children homes? Formulation of children home's policy Enforcing in the maintains of Standard Should be someone who is passionate about children Transparent financial system Support in building capacity Monitoring role Children homes should be registered with the SWC/CCWB CCWB should be capacity built to work with individual home to Better selection criteria during hiring process Publish annual report online Don't know/No response Total N 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 % 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.3 7.1 7.1 7.1 1 1 1 4 14 7.1 7.1 7.1 28.6 100.0 Percent total may not add up 100 due to multiple responses CHAPTER 7: An Association of Children's Homes 61 1 Life Story Archana (Name Changed) Address : Makwanpur, Hetauda Age : 14 Years, Class: 6 M y permanent address is Makwanpur. My father expires while I was 10 years old. Then my mother, 2 brother and sister lived together. We have not any property such as house or land. We migrated to Kathmandu to seek work. At Kathmandu mother started to work as a labour. We had many problems but one aunt admission me to school. I study at class 3. 1 year later, our neighbor aunt refers me to Sabinsh Home in lubhu. From that home I admit to Kids Kind International School. I stayed there for 1 year. After 1 year that home was collapsed and I come out form there. That home was good, foreigners had supported it. There food and shelter was good and sir and miss also loved us my study was going well. I don't know why that home was collapsed. Then I came to other girls home. Here I was admitted at class 6. This home is also good. Mainly, this home supports for those children who were in risk, poor and helpless children. This home works for long term and short term and rehabilitation. Here is facility of all kinds like medical. I love this home. 62 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal CHAPTER 7: An Association of Children's Homes 63 1 PART 2: INGOs CHAPTER 8: Minimum Standards T he study examined minimum standards which respondents perceived should be maintained by the association and its members through a series of questions. All respondents declared that establishment of minimum standards for children's homes would be useful. For example, all respondents reported that maintaining children individual files, space and facilities, hygiene and sanitation, child protection policy, staff qualifications/trainings, internal code of conduct, training for staff about kids activity and training for management are useful measurable standards for children homes. In addition all respondents agreed that the publication of annual reports was important as well as the 13 respondents agreeing that transparency in the origin of funds was needed. Respondents who perceived useful standards to be maintained 64 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Perceived causes of not fulfilled minimum standard set by Nepal government to run child care homes A half of the respondents reported that reason for not fulfilling the minimum standards by children homes was 'weak government's monitoring system'. Similarly, a considerable number of respondents perceived that the reasons were 'financial problem', lack of awareness in implementation' and lack of training. It is notable that 3 respondents mentioned that the reasons for not fulfilling the minimum standards were 'children homes as a business' and 'lack of expertise' on the topic. Training Needed A large majority of the respondents (9 out of 14) were willing to financially support training for staff from children's homes, although 1 INGO stated that this should be through a government channel. 5 INGOs did not respond on this question. Half of the respondents reported that training related to child care is CHAPTER 8: Minimum Standards 65 1 needed for children's home staff. Similarly, a considerable number of the respondents (6 out of 14) reported that child case management training is needed. Other identified needs were adolescent reproductive health training (2), overall staff development training (1) and psychosocial care and support (1). 4 respondents did not answer to this question. 66 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal PART 2: INGOs CHAPTER 9: The Role of Stakeholders R espondents were asked about what they thought the role of CPCS-INT, the CCWB and other government agencies should be in an association of children's homes. Perceived role of INGOs A large majority of the respondents (11 out of 14) agreed or strongly agreed that INGOs should be included as advisors in a children homes association or network. On the other hand, only 5 respondents agreed or strongly agreed that INGOs should be included as members in the association or network. Four out of fourteen respondents disagreed or strongly disagreed on the statement that 'INGOs should be included in the children homes network as coordinator'. However eight respondents responded that they did not know about this issue. CHAPTER: 9 The Role of Stakeholders 67 1 Perception about involvement of donor agencies Almost all respondents (12 out of 14) perceived that donor agencies should be involved in an association or network of children's homes. Half of the respondents reported that the role of donor agencies should be as advisors. Similarly, 4 respondents each reported that donor agencies should be involved in financial support and should support in capacity-building. Three respondents reported that donor agencies should be involved in an association or network of children's homes in the capacity of 'enforcement in maintaining standards' and in 'a monitoring role'. However, one respondent perceived that donor agencies should not be involved in an association or network of children's homes. How should donor agencies be involved in an association or network of children's homes N % Advisor 7 50.0 Financial support 4 28.6 Support in building capacity 4 28.6 Enforcing in maintaining standard 3 21.4 Monitoring role 3 21.4 Technical support 2 14.3 Not necessary 1 7.1 Don't know/No response 2 14.3 Total 14 100.0 Percent total may not add up 100 due to multiple responses 68 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Perceived role of ACR-INT Unlike respondents of child homes, very few respondents from INGOs stated a role for ACR-INT. Half of the respondents reported that they were unaware about the role of ACR-INT. Two respondents reported that ACRINT should provide technical support to children's homes and the network or association. Perceived role of CCWB Respondents identified various roles for the CCWB. For example, a large majority of the respondents (9 out of 14) reported that CCWB should monitor children's homes. Similarly, four respondents reported that CCWB should play the role of legal advisor to children's homes. Likewise, the other four respondents reported that CCWB should play the role of facilitator for homes. Three respondents reported that CCWB should help the children's homes to achieve minimum standards. Only two respondents stated that 'evaluating' and coordinating should be the roles of CCWB. CHAPTER 9: The Role of Stakeholders 69 1 Perception on Inclusion of Governmental Organizations A large majority of the respondents perceived that governmental organizations should be involved in an association or network of children's homes. However, respondents named different governmental organizations. For example, three respondents reported that some representative from police force (3 out of 14) should be included in the network/association of children homes. Some other reported that representative from ministry of women children and social welfare (2), CCWB (2), Supreme court (2), ministry of law and justice (1), ministry of local development (1), CDO office (1), ministry of homes (1) should be included in a network association of children homes. On the other hand, a considerable number of respondents (4 out of 14) did not respond on this issue. How should donor agencies be involved in an association or network of children's homes N % Advisor 7 50.0 Financial support 4 28.6 Support in building capacity 4 28.6 Enforcing in maintaining standard 3 21.4 Monitoring role 3 21.4 Technical support 2 14.3 Not necessary 1 7.1 Don't know/No response 2 14.3 Total 14 100.0 Percent total may not add up 100 due to multiple responses 70 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal History Banita (Name Changed) Address: Jhapa Age: 14 Years Class: 6 I lived at Gaushala with my parents. My father works as a barber. I don't go to school. Sometimes we go to Pashupati. There I met with Muna Thapa and other friends. They stay at street but I don't. We met Social workers of CWIN at pashupati while we are playing there. They took us to CWIN. There I stayed for 1 week. At CWIN we take classes about Street danger, HIV, etc. They do reunification me to my family after 1 week. We had 5 family members in our family but only my father works. My father drinks alcohol and also fights to my mother so that we are not able to go for school. But I love to go school so I went to another organization with my friend Muna. There sir and miss ask about me and my family background. Then they do family visit. Then I was enrolled at Culture program. There I spent for 6 months taking nonformal education. Then I was admission at class 2. Here all sir and miss love me. My study is going well. Beside study, we celebrate many festivals like Dashain, Tihar etc. Here are many friends like me. My motto is to study and support for my family. We took benefit from staying here. CHAPTER 9: The Role of Stakeholders 71 1 Life Story Bimal (Name Changed) Address: Jhapa, Sathibigha Age: 14 Year I came Kathmandu 1 year before. My house is in Sathibigha in Jhapa district. When I was 7 my mother eloped with other man. My father hatred me I passed many nights in Kakadbhitta. I worked as Bus cleaner. I wandered to search the place to live and study. There is no any organization working for children .I passed my 6 years in trouble and streets. Police treated me badly. I live in Kathmandu I started to live in organization it is nice. I am guilty of being elder mong children and bad habits. I want to someone and improved myself. Other colleagues go to school. They live in organization. I got here skill, education, meals shelter and medical support. I want to take education and skill together. Sir and miss support me. They behave me very well so I am happy in here organization. 72 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal PART 2: INGOs SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS (INGOs) T his survey of children's homes covered a total of 196 homes representing approximately 78% of children's homes registered with the government agency, the Central Child Welfare Board (CCWB). The key findings of the study in relation to its objectives were as follows: AN ASSOCIATION OF CHILDREN'S HOMES An association of children's homes is needed: the majority of INGOs participating in the survey agreed that an association or network of children's homes is needed and that existing networks do not sufficiently represent children's homes; Support should be provided to an existing network: the majority of respondents agreed that an existing network should be supported rather than establishing another structure; A quality 'label' is useful to maintain basic standards: the majority of INGOs replied that a label would be useful to ensure that children's homes maintain basic standards; INGOs identify benefits from the formation of an association: the majority of INGOs believed an active network or association would ensure basic standards, facilitate relations with government agencies and ensure proper management and training of staff in children's homes ; Summary of Key Findings (INGOs) 73 1 Need for a support office for children's homes: respondents agreed that a support office was important for children's homes and could support in short term guidance and advice, emergency financial support, infrastructure development and in empowering children's homes to self-sustainability. MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR CHILDREN'S HOMES RESPONDED BY HOMES Minimum standards should cover BASIC STANDARDS (hygiene, sanitation, space, facilities), LEGAL STATUS of children and organisation, DOCUMENTATION (children's files), EDUCATION , RECREATION, CHILD PARTICIPATION, CHILD PROTECTION POLICY, HUMAN RESOURCES (staff training and qualifications), MANAGEMENT (training and code of conduct); Membership conditional on a commitment to minimum standards: the majority of INGOs agreed that achievement of minimum standards should be mandatory for all members of an association or network; Lack of monitoring, resources, awareness and capacity are the main reasons for children's homes which do not attain basic standards: respondents identified weak government monitoring, lack of financial resources, a lack of awareness and training among children's homes as the reasons why basic standards are not reached in some children's homes; THE ROLE OF CCWB and CPCS-INT (ACR) The CCWB should be involved in monitoring children's homes: the majority of respondents identified that the CCWB should monitor children's homes and in addition a number of INGOs identified that the CCWB should provide legal advice/support and play the role of facilitator for children's homes; 74 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Majority unsure on the role CPCS-INT should take in an association or network: the majority of respondents were not sure on the role CPCS-INT (ACR) should take in an association or network although 2 respondents identified that this should be technical support; Other government agencies should be involved in the association and network of children's homes: the majority of respondents reported that government agencies should be involved in an association or network and in particular identified the police, Ministry of Women Children and Social Welfare, and the Central Child Welfare Board as agencies who should be involved. Summary of Key Findings (INGOs) 75 1 Life Story Rita (Name Changed) Dunai-2, Dolpa 13 Year , Class: 7 I used to stay in village with my family. But due to poor condition and the no good quality of education I have been brought by my father close friend. And I and my sister Kalpana were brought at Bauddha. Later on, the house owner in which we were staying on rent, they lady informed my uncle that there is a hostel take the admission from the guardians whose children's are helpless and needy. Its gives free staying, fooding and free education to the children but we need to pay some initially amount to the organization. By the time it was made done by the old lady and that's how we have entered in CPCS but the matter of taking money while admission was totally fake. Later on, we came to know that the old lady have cheated many other people by taking initially payment from the parents and guardians. I am staying under the privilege of organization from last four years. When I was first entered in to CPCS, I see many people at the same time. And that time there was less number of girls and the number of boys were high, so it was like title bit scary to stay among then. But luckily after few weeks we have been shifted to Maharajgung Girls home .we have been learning basic schooling knowledge in the hostel itself and in new session we have been sent to the school. I was in class four and kalpana (sister) in class nursery. Since then, we both are regular to our studies. Now our hostel is in Sanepa. We have got all together 24 girls. And we know each other how and in what condition we have entered in to this home. So we tried to understand each other emotional concepts and staying united. And happy to get all kind facilities which in provide by the organization. I wish this home will achieve its goal of upbringing the status of the children. 76 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal National and International Experts Views NEPAL 2009 ACR INTERNATIONAL Articles 9 & 10: " a child shall not be separated from his or her parents against their will Articles 5 & 18: State signatories must " respect the rights and duties of parents [and recognize that] both parents have common responsibilities for the upbringing of the child." NATIONAL & INTERNATIONAL EXPERTS VIEWS Child Care Homes: Present Situation and Challenges -Madhav Pradhan President CWIN Nepal F amily is an ideal place where children grow up and get proper socialization. But the reasons like death of one or both parents, dysfunctional family, exploitative situations, attraction to the urban areas, conflict or economic problems etc lead children to difficult circumstances which might bear negative consequences in the lives of children. There is a high possibility of such children landing in situations at risk for proper development of a child. In Nepal, most of the children are living in difficult circumstances like child labor, street children, children who are victims of trafficking and abuse, drug abuse, differently able children, victims of internal armed conflicts etc. The initiation of childcare home started with the welfare perspective. It was for the welfare of the children at difficult circumstances that the individuals or organizations started these homes. It was more guided by the charity and welfare outlook. But today there has been a wide recognition National & International Experts Views 79 1 of the fact that wider development of the children calls for a right based perspectives. Working with children is a very sensitive area. The homes are not only moulding the future of the society; they are dealing with the "present" of these children. Therefore, it is very essential that the home acknowledge the rights based approach in its philosophy and practice in the child care home. In the recent years, child care homes have emerged as an institution working for the protection and development of children in difficult circumstances. Establishment and running of such Child Care Homes is increasing across the country every year. According to survey made by CCWB (Central Child Welfare Board) in 2008, total of 454 child care homes (321 registered and 133 unregistered) have been established so far. 11969 children (6698 boys and 5271 girls) are living in these homes at present (CCWB unpublished report). Thus, various factors have been contributing for the increment of child care homes. These child care homes have been found to be working as crisis centers, transit homes, and socialization centers, institutions for children at risk, homes for children without parents and correctional homes. Child care home is the shelter for the survival of children, their protection, development, and promotion of child participation as well. They have been providing care and support education, health services and safety; as well as protection and welfare to the orphaned and vulnerable children through different programs within the centers. Child care homes have contributed much more for the protection and promotion of the right of homeless, abandoned and orphaned children through different ways. Large numbers of homeless, helpless, and abandoned children have been benefited by these homes. They also seem to have been practicing right based approach in their programs in these days. But, with the course of time and a decade long political conflict in the country many challenges have arisen to be addressed by these child care homes. Numbers of homeless, orphans and abandoned has increased to a large extent in one hand, while there is a high need to put the issues of children in constitution assembly and ensure their rights, on the other hand. 80 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal In the same context majority of grown up youths of these child care homes are wandering in search of higher education, appropriate jobs and safe shelters. In addition to this, proper management of the child care homes, maintaining of minimum standard set by the government, implementation of child protection policy within their homes, institutional development etc. have come to be the major issues to be addressed for the development of child care homes itself and also for ensuring the rights of children living in these homes. Likewise, the social, emotional, psychological and intellectual growth of the child is also equally important. The child care home is facing many challenges. Some of the challenges are creating and maintaining the minimum standards set by the government, managing the resources of the home, conflict management within the home, handling the diverse issues of each individual child, adopting the right based approaches within the home, and participation in the home, fulfilling the need to meet children's physical, mental, emotional and spiritual well being and ensuring children's secured future after attaining adulthood. Realizing the problems and challenges of the child care homes, CWIN initiated a network of the child care homes with incredible background to work on the common problems from policy level to implementation level. Thus a network named Child Care Homes Network-Nepal (CNET-Nepal) was established in 2000. From its inception, it has been working as umbrella organization of child care homes in Nepal. It had drafted a minimum standard for child care homes in Nepal and submitted to the CCWB on the basis of which CCWB endorsed the Minimum Standard for Child Care Homes-2060(B.S). Recently, it has submitted Child Protection Policy for Child Care Homes to CCWB for its endorsement. Beside these policy level works, it has been organizing various consultations, meetings, workshops, trainings, orientations etc. for raising awareness and capacity building of child care homes and to draw the attention of concerned agencies and stakeholders upon the issues. National & International Experts Views 81 1 NATIONAL & INTERNATIONAL EXPERTS VIEWS Charting a New Course for Permanency Planning By Joseph Aguettant Delegate Foundation Terre des hommes A 1 ccording to the Central Child Welfare Board , there are approximately 12'000 children in children's homes or orphanages across the country. A study conducted by UNICEF and Terre des hommes with the assistance of CREHPA estimated this number to reach 15'000 at a minimum. The thousands of children living in unregistered centres should be added to this figure. CCWB categorized child care homes (hereinafter "centres" or "child centres") in four categories, A, B, C and D. According to the official survey published in June 2008, only 6 child centres (1.32% were found in category A, operating above minimum standards. Only 56 centres or 12.33% were found in category B which managed to achieve minimum standards whereas the vast majority were operating below standards (194 centres or 42.73%) or "far below" the norms (198 centres or 43.61%). Central Child Welfare Board, Report on Survey of the ChildCare Homes, June 2008. 82 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal For the vast majority of these children, whatever their number is, permanency planning is not likely to happen in the near future. Permanency planning is defined as both a process and a result that includes a child and at least one committed adult (preferably a couple), who provides a safe, stable and secure parenting relationship and love; an unconditional commitment, and lifelong support in the context of reunification, a legal domestic or intercountry adoption, or guardianship; and in which the child has the opportunity to maintain contacts with important persons, including siblings. Permanency planning is both a process (setting a goal and chart out on a clear course to reach that goal) and a result. To achieve this result is essential to the child's stability, protection and development. Conversely, a child who does not benefit from permanency planning is likely to be devoid of a permanent loving relationship with an adult, that is a guardian who will respect, love and help the child develop. Table 1 Information on reintegration of the children 2 Kathmandu Valley N % Pokhara Far West Total N N N % 138 98.6 2 1.4 140 100.0 % % Does your institution have any plan for reintegration of children under your care? Yes 88 100.0 No Total 88 100.0 38 95.0 2 5.0 40 100.0 12 12 100.0 100.0 When do you start planning for reintegration of a child When they reach 18 years of age 26 29.5 8 21.1 3 25.0 37 26.8 When they reach 16 years of age 12 13.6 5 13.2 1 8.3 18 13.0 1 0.7 1 8.3 3 2.2 When they reach 17years of age 1 1.1 Immediately after arrival at the centre 2 2.3 When they capable 5 5.7 3 7.9 8 5.8 After completion of 12 class 16 18.2 7 18.4 23 16.7 14 36.8 After completion of SLC 19 21.6 After completion of their study/no limitation 2 2.3 6 50.0 When they reach 23 years 1 1.1 After 20years 4 4.5 1 2.6 1 8.3 Total 88 100.0 38 100.0 12 100.0 39 28.3 2 1.4 1 0.7 6 4.3 138 100.0 UNICEF, Terre des hommes (2008) Adopting the Rights of the Child. Unpublished data. National & International Experts Views 83 1 The UNICEF Terre des hommes study concluded that planning for a child's reintegration was not taking place when the child arrives in the centre. For the vast majority of centres, it is taking place when the child reaches SLC level (28.3%) or 18 years old (26.8%). One important recommendation of the study was that no child centres should 'specialize' in intercountry adoption. Centres should be strongly encouraged to explore a wide array of options for children. Reintegration planning should happen the day the child is admitted to the centre. Equally importantly, intercountry adoption should be incorporated within a comprehensive child and family social welfare policy. Steps toward this goal include coherent legislation, complementary procedures and coordinated competences. Such a policy would ultimately incorporate support for families in difficult situations, prevention of separation of children from their families, and the reintegration of children in care into their family of origin, into kinship care, or through domestic adoption, and, as more temporary measures, into foster or residential care. It should be acknowledged that intercountry adoption under new Conditions and Procedures will provide a permanent home to children. The number however will, and shall remain, on the low side. The remaining children in institutions should not be forgotten, especially if more children are institutionalized in the months and years to come. Terre des hommes as a child rights-focused organisation is quite concerned over the documented increase in residential care. Evidence from other countries does not support the notion that intercountry adoption, while a solution for some, reduces institutional care for the rest. On the contrary, data suggests that it may contribute to the continuation of institutional care and the resulting harm to children. Browne, K; Hamilton-Giachritsis, C; Johnson, R and Ostergren, M (2006) 'Overuse of institutional care for children in Europe?', in British Medical, Journal, 332, pp 485-87. Attempts to regulate the number of child centres that are accredited and allowed to conduct intercountry adoption is a welcome development. It 84 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal is unclear whether this will be sufficient to reverse the upward residential care trend. In recent years, there has been a large increase in the number of new child centres in Nepal. Just over half (56 per cent) of child centres in the three study sites were less than five years old. In the Kathmandu Valley, this figure rose to 61 per cent. In addition, 47 per cent of centres in Kathmandu and 58 per cent of centres in Pokhara had changed location at least once since they were established. The establishment and monitoring of minimum standards is a welcome development. However, none of the existing standards (as forwarded by CCWB in December 2008) include permanency planning. With these concerns in mind, a group of concerned agencies involved in seeking permanency of options for children of Nepal have joined forces to develop domestic permanency programmes. They all share the same belief that institutionalization of a child for extended periods of time should be the last resort. While intercountry adoption has officially re-opened in October 2008 with the conclusion of the accreditation process for foreign agencies and child centres, permanency options like kinship and domestic adoptions are comparatively underdeveloped and underutilized. A proper legal framework is lacking and child protection systems remain to be developed throughout the country. An international conference will allow participants to take stock of where we are, two years after the first intercountry adoption conference. This event was organised by the Ministry for Women, Children, and Social Welfare with Central Child Welfare Board and Child NGO Federation Nepal. Nepal Children's Organization was the co-organiser. This time the concept would be to focus on alternative care to parental care, intercountry adoption being one such alternative. Emphasis will be placed on foster care, kinship, community-based care and domestic adoption. In the near future, Terre des hommes in partnership with other organisations will introduce permanency planning as part of a national consultation National & International Experts Views 85 1 which will include all actors included in residential care in Nepal. Permanency options will be discussed in accordance with the logical order in which they ought to be examined for a child. The notions of "reasonable efforts" and "adequate period of time" will be discussed as part of the first three themes. To introduce and pilot-test child protection systems, prevention and family preservation (Theme No. 1) To develop kinship and foster care as alternatives to parental care (Theme No. 2) To review the need for sensitization, promotion through role models and legal reform in relation to domestic adoption (Theme No. 3) To provide a detailed roadmap to signature and ratification of The Hague Convention and follow-up on the Declaration of Kathmandu on Intercountry Adoption; Standards of Practice for organisations engaged in ICA and funding of permanency options (Theme No. 4) Practical measures for de-institutionalization of children (Conclusion) Terre des hommes, almost 50 years of action for children Since its creation in 1960 by Edmond Kaiser, the movement has striven to be both ambassador for children in distress and their means of survival. Since the beginning, Terre des hommes has based itself on the joint efforts of volunteers and salaried staff. Terre des hommes has been present as much in the forefront of major, media-highlighted disasters in the past decades (the war in Algeria, famines in Biafra, Bangladesh and Ethiopia, civil war and conflicts in Afghanistan, in Sri Lanka, Bosnia, and Kosovo) as it has been in the field of forgotten or unknown distress (against child trafficking, paedophile networks, etc.), and has endeavored to act in both emergency and long-term situations. 86 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Since 1990, the movement has made every effort to render the effect of its projects sustainable by endeavoring to strengthen networks of organizations working for children's welfare and to contribute to the institutional development of its operational partners. Terre des hommes now holds a focal position in Switzerland and in many other countries as a non-confessional organisation in the field of aid to vulnerable children. The movement is present throughout Switzerland, with fifty-three groups and sections that bring together more than 2,500 volunteers. National & International Experts Views 87 1 88 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS NEPAL 2009 ACR INTERNATIONAL Article 31 (CRC): States must recognize " the right of the child to rest and leisure, to engage in play and recreational activities appropriate to the age of the child." Article 3 (CRC): "In all actions concerning children the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration." CONCLUSIONS and RECOMMENDATIONS R espondents from children's homes (NGOs) and from INGOs clearly identified that an association or network of children's homes is necessary in Nepal as existing structures do not adequately represent the interests of children's homes and most importantly their beneficiaries. However INGOs in particular highlighted that this should not involve the establishment of a new network but that an association should be developed through supporting and strengthening existing networks. Presently CNET is the only such network representing a number of children's homes and therefore it would be important to work with this network to support and strengthen it providing greater support to children's homes and increase membership. Both NGOs and INGOs identified that an effective association or network should be national with the involvement of different stakeholders (INGOs, donors, government agencies) as well as children's homes. The role of these stakeholders should be limited to advisors within the association or network as well as providing financial support and undertaking a monitoring role. In particular the CCWB is identified by respondents to play a key role in the monitoring of children's homes. Respondents believe an association is needed with the following qualities: short-term guidance and advice for children's homes, training and capacity- Conclusions and Recommendations 91 1 building, access to funding, support infrastructure development, and empower children's homes towards sustainability. A condition of membership is agreed by all to be the achievement of commonly agreed minimum standards. Respondents were positive about the idea of a quality 'label' given to demonstrate the attainment of these standards. While it is recognised that the reason that basic standards may not be achieved is due to lack of monitoring, financial problems and a lack of awareness or capacity it is understood that the association or network should support children's homes to achieve these standards. In particular all respondents agreed that the establishment of a support office providing technical support (training, information, legal support) for children's homes was important to achieve minimum standards and empower children's homes towards sustainability through capacity-building and short- and long-term advice. The role of CPCS-INT (ACR) within this framework was generally identified by NGOs and INGOs as providing support to initiate this process through financial and technical support for the above initiatives while ownership of the association or network is clearly that of the children's homes. Given the clearly identified need for an association of children's homes as described and the willingness of children's homes to be involved and to reach minimum standards it is recommended that CPCS-INT should urgently move forward in coordination with CCWB to act upon these findings. RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Support the Development of an Association of Children' Homes through CNET CPCS-INT should provide a facilitating role to support the development of a national association or network of children's homes in Nepal with the active participation of the CCWB and children's homes across Nepal as 92 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal well as providing funding support for this process. As identified by stakeholders it would be more appropriate to engage with an existing network rather than establishing a new structure. 2. Support a Process for the Formation of Minimum Standards for Children's Homes CPCS-INT should support the CCWB and CNET to develop governmental statutory standards for the operation of children's homes which are practical and realistic and developed with the participation of children's homes across Nepal. 3. Identify and Support Interventions to Support Children to be Supported by their Families or Communities Given that many children in children's homes might be able to stay with their families or communities if other support is identified, CPCS-INT should work with stakeholders to identify family-based and communitybased solutions to ensure that the use of children's homes for children is a last resort and only used where necessary. 4. Establishment of a Technical Support Centre for Children's Homes CPCS-INT should support the establishment of a technical support centre for children's homes, providing training and specialist support for children's homes. This should be established through the association to ensure sustainability and access for children's homes across Nepal. 5. Provide Funds and Support for Children's Homes to Attain Minimum Standards Through the association ACR-INT should provide funds and technical support (through the technical support centre) to enable children's homes to meet identified minimum standards. Conclusions and Recommendations 93 1 6. Provide Assistance to the CCWB for Monitoring and Coordination CPCS-INT (ACR-INT) should work in coordination with the CCWB in implementing the above initiatives and should provide assistance to the CCWB (and DCWBs) to develop capacity of children's homes and provide resources for the effective monitoring of children's homes. 94 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Responding NGO's and INGO's Lists NEPAL 2009 ACR INTERNATIONAL Articles 28 & 29 (CRC): State signatories must "recognize the right of the child to education [that develops] the child's personality, talents and mental and physical abilities." Article 6: " every child has the inherent right to life survival and development ." RESPONDING NGO's Aama Ghar Address : Koreanpur-16, Nepalgunj, Banke. Phone : 081-526832 Email : amaghar@yahoo.com Website : N/A Summary : Focus is on education, medical support, and shelter for orphans and poor children Aanath Aashahaya BAL Sudhar Samaj Address : Dallu, Kathmandu. Phone : 220080 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : provides shelter and schooling for 34 orphan children Ashahaya Children Sewa Sangh Address : Arubari, Kathmandu Phone : 4490138 Email : sass@wlink.com.np Website : www.sassnepal.org.np Summary : Provide support for orphan children Responding NGOs 97 1 Aastha Bal Griha Address : Maitidevi, Kathmandu Phone : 4472106 Email : N/A Website : www.asthahome.org Summary : Provide education shelter and medical care for armed conflict children Aastha House Address : Budhanilakantha- 2, Kathmandu Phone : 4371163 Email : aasthahouse@yahoo.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide schooling, shelter and medical care for 16 poor and orphaned children Abass Ashram Address : Sainbu, Lalitpur Phone : 5591336 Email : abbahome4kids@yahoo.com Website : N/A Summary : Focus is on orphans and single parents children support Abisekh Anathalaya Address : Bisal Chowk, Lalitpur Phone : 9841556753 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provides schooling, shelter and medical care for orphaned and poor children 98 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Agape Children's Home Address : Saibu-4, Lalitpur Phone : 5592445 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provides shelter and adoption opportunities for orphaned children Ahinsabadi Mahabauddha Anath Vidya Peeth Address : Dumkibas VDC-5, Daunne, Nawalparashi Phone : 078621317 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provides shelter, education, and medication to 96 poor and orphaned children as well as poor Buddhists. Alarmin Academic Society Address : Godamchaur, Godawari, Lalitpur. Phone : 2220898 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide support and education for Muslim orphan and other needy Aamako Maya Chatrabas Address : Ratnasagar-8, Janakpur, Dhanusha Phone : 520787 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Supports Janajati, Dalit, and "low-caste" children. Run a child culture center, ethnic sports program and other extracurricular activities Responding NGO's 99 1 Amrita Shelter Address : Kalaiya-5, Bara Phone : 551846 Email : Amrita.orphanage.1@yahoo.com Website : N/A Summary : Provides shelter, education and medical support for 22 poor and orphaned children Amor Children's Home Address : Mahendranagar Municipal- 15, Kanchanpur Phone : 099-522731 Email : chome@cccsl.com-np Website : www.childrenshome.org.np Summary : Provides schooling, shelter, and medical support to 73 orphan and poor Dalit children Aanth Asahaya Balbalika Samrakshan Kendra Address : Devdaha-6 Bangali, Rupandehi Phone : 9847066118/081-206284 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provides schooling, shelter, and medical care for 22 orphan children as well as skills training for local children Aanath Tatha Asahaya Mahila Kalayan Somaj Address : Ananaban-3 Mani gram, Rupandehi Phone : 561427 Email : aanathaashrammanigram@yahoo.com Website : N/A Summary : Provides education, shelter, and support for 11 poor and orphan children 100 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Annapurna Self-sustaining Orphan Home Address : Batulechaur, Pokhara-16, Kaski Phone : 061-622548 Email : pokharaorphan@hotmail.com Website : N/A Summary : Supports 21 orphan children and provides adoption opportunities Angel's Heaven Children Home Address : Ombahal, Basantapur, Kathmandu Phone : 4248690 Email : st.angels@hotmail.com Website : www.nepaltrekkingtrails.com Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical support for orphan, semi-orphan and poor children Angels Home Address : Bhaisepati, Saibu, Lalitpur Phone : 5592224 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to orphan children APC Nepal Address : Basantapur, Jaisidewal, Kathmandu Phone : 4266186 Email : contact@pommecannelle.org Website : www.apc.nepal.org Summary : Provide education, shelter, training and medical care to street children Responding NGO's 101 1 Apanga Utthan Tatha Paropakar Kendra Address : Samakhusi-Kathmandu Phone : 9851067207 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, education, and medical support to abandoned babies and disabled children Aaradhana Children's Home Address : Malakheti-chaukidada, Kailali Phone : 091-691055 Email : simon.kainee@gmail.com Website : N/A Summary : Provides school, shelter and medical support for semi- orphan and poor children Anath Tatha Asahaya Kendra Address : Kathmandu-15, Chaumati Phone : 4362049 Email : hopefulhome@ntc.net.np Website : www.hopefulhome.org Summary : Provides schooling, shelter, and medical support to 41 orphan, semi-orphan, and street children Anath Balbalika Sangh Address : Saibu, Lalitpur Phone : 5590192, 2210156 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provides shelter ,education support and medical care for orphans and poor children 102 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Aasha Nepal Address : Godawari, Taukhel, Lalitpur Phone : 5560737 Email : bimalagi@gmail.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to orphan, rescued women's children and HIV infected children Asmita Hostel Address : Saibu, Lalitpur Phone : 5591359 Email : ddulal@wlink.com.np Website : N/A Summary : Provide education for school going children Bal Aasha Kendra Address : Bauddha, Mahankal, Kathmandu-6 Phone : 473371 Email : childrenhopecenter@hotmail.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide Education and shelter to orphan and poor children Baal Watabaran Kendra Nepal Address : Mahankal - 8, Mandikhatar, Kathmandu Phone : 4370598 Email : watabaran@mos.com.np Website : www.watabaran.com Summary : Provides schooling for street children Responding NGO's 103 1 Banshiram Jaiswal Shelter Address : Garuda -6, Rautahat Phone : 055-5652380 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provides medical support, education, and shelter for orphan children and poor families Bal Bhabisya Sagathan Nepal Address : Satdobato, Lalitpur Phone : 5524599 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provides shelter, education and adoption opportunities for orphan and poor children Bal Kalyan Griha Address : Birgunj Minicipal-4, Birta, Parsa Phone : 051-522385 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provides support and adoption opportunities for 26 orphans and poor children Bal Kalyan Griha Address : Butwal-15, Jitgadi, Rupandehi Phone : 071-622297 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provides education, shelter, and medical support to 25 orphans and poor children 104 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Bal Kalyan Griha Address : Rajbiraj Municipal-9, Saptari Phone : 520225 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provides shelter, education, and medical support for orphans, poor families, and the helpless Bal Kalyan Sanstha Address : Pokhara- 6, Gaurighat, Kaski Phone : 462627 Email : thakbahadir@hotmail.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical support to 22 orphan and semi- orphan children Bal Kalayan Sangh Address : Tikapur-9, Panitanki, Kailali Phone : 091-560414 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical support to orphans and poor children Bal Utthan Samaj Address : Imadol-6, Lilitpur Phone : 2110125 Email : childrenps@hotmail.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, education, and medical support for orphans and helpless children Responding NGO's 105 1 Bharosa Nepal Address : Balkumar- 8, Lalitpur Phone : 2110125 Email : bharosanepal@hotmail.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter and medical support for orphan and poor children Bhimphedi Bal Griha Address : Bhimfedi, Makawanpur Phone : 057-690071 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provides shelter for orphan children Birendra Peace Children's Welfare Center Address : Gol dhunga-2, Kathmandu Phone : 97410-37628 Email : bpcwc@yahoo.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter and adoption opportunities for conflict victims and poor children Blessed Home Address : Balaju, Kathmandu Phone : 4427266 Email : blessedhome_3@hotmail.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter and life skill training for 27 orphans 106 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Bright Future Children's Home Address : Bisenkhunarayan, Kathmandu Phone : 9741-000440 Email : jagggubista@gmail.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to orphan and disable children Buddhist Child Home Address : Jorpati, Kathmandu Phone : 4466848 Email : bdchildhome@hotmail.com Website : bchhome@cnet.com.np Summary : Provide shelter and other support to 50 orphan children Care and Development Organization-Nepal Address : Godawari, Lalitpur Phone : 5560403 Email : cdo_np@hotmail.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to displaced and conflict victims children Child Bright Future Nepal Address : Saibu-2, Lalitpur Phone : 2230622 Email : childbright2005@yahoo.com Website : N/A Summary : Provides shelter and adoption opportunities for 31 orphan and poor children Responding NGO's 107 1 Child Haven Address : Jorpati, Kathmandu Phone : 485805 Email : childhaven@wlink.com.ny Website : www.childhaven.co Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to orphan children Child's Home Address : Jawalakhel, Lalitpur Phone : 5553684 Email : chome@ccsi.com.np Website : www.childrenshome.org.np Summary : Provide education, shelter, medical support, and adoption opportunities to poor and orphan children Child Protection Home (Nepal Children's Organization) Address : Siphal, Kathmandu Phone : 4471445 Email : N/A Website : www.nco.org Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to prisoner's child Children Development Project Address : Pokhara-15, Tutunga, Kaski Phone : 061-431534 Email : cdpnepal@fewamail.com.np Website : N/A Summary : Provides shelter, education, and medical support for orphan, poor, and HIV- Positive inected children 108 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Children Future Organization Nepal Address : Mahankal -8, Mandikhatar, Kathmandu Phone : 4371155 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide education and adoption opportunities to 70 poor and orphan children Children and Women Promotion Center Address : Bachhauli- 2, Sauraha, Chitwan Phone : 56-580158 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter and medical support to poor and orphan children Children Welfare Center Address : Godawari-1, Taukel, Lalitpur Phone : 5560626 Email : cwc@wlink.com.np Website : www.cwcnepal.org Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to orphan and poor children CYMA Nepal(Hamro Ghar) Address : Mahadevtar-8, Gangabu, Kathmandu Phone : 4354783 Email : cymanepal@yahoo.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical support for 45 poor, orphan, and semi-orphan children Responding NGO's 109 1 Deep Sritri Pratisthan Address : Hakimchowk, Bharatpur- 10, Chitawan Phone : 056-690587 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide support and adoption opportunities to poor and orphan children Destitute Children's Home Address : Pokhara, Kaski Phone : 61-531459 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to orphan, street and poor children Disabled New Life Center Address : Baneshwor Height, Kathmandu Phone : 470388 Email : dnc@infohub.com.np Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to disable children Disabled Rehabilitation Center Address : Gokarna, Kathmandu Phone : 4800867 Email : rehab@drcnepal.org Website : www.drcnepal.org Summary : Provide education, shelter, skilled training to orphan and disable children 110 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Dolpa Hope Children's Home Address : Godamchaur, Lalitpur Phone : 16211322 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to orphan and poor children of Dolpa Durga Ma vi Address : Kalayia- 10, Barewa, Bara Phone : 053-550217 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide support and adoption opportunities for deaf children Empowering Women of Nepal Address : - Pokhara-6, Lakeside, Kaski Phone : 462066 Email : ewn@3sistersadventure.com Website : www.3sistersadventure.com/ewn Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical support for 20 children Anugarha Baal Gram( Endevour Nepal) Address : Saibu- 6, Lalitpur Phone : 5591706 Email : gch_52@yahoo.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide support, including musical, athletic, and vocational training, to 54 orphan and semi-orphan children Responding NGO's 111 1 The Esther Benjamin Trust Address : Godawari, Lalitpur Phone : 5560521 Email : ebmfnepal@wlink.com.np Website : www.ebtrust.org.uk Summary : Provide shelter and rehabilitation to needy children, circus children, children in prison and women Forget Me Not Address : Baneshwor, Kathmandu Phone : 4462457 Email : forgetmenot_1@ntc.com.np Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to orphan girls children Forum for Children Welfare Protection Nepal Address : Balaju, Kathmandu Phone : 2023586 Email : gebs@wlink.com.np Website : N/A Summary : Provide support to poor and orphan children Gaurav Yuba Akata Samaj tatha pidit udhar Sewa Address : Arubari- Bauddha, Kathmandu Phone : 2074556 Email : gyuspd@gmail.com Website : gyuspd.org.np Summary : Provides shelter and schooling for orphans and conflict victims 112 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Gaushiya Anathalaya Address : Nepalgunj-5, Gausiya tol, Banke Phone : 081-521254 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provides education, shelter, and medical support to poor and orphaned Muslim children Gems Nepal Address : Nawalpur-3, Sarlahi Phone : 046-570306 Email : ben_ebenezero@yahoo.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to orphan children Ghar Sita Mutu Address : Arubari -7, Jorpati, KAthmandu Phone : 2170869 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter and medical support to orphan and helpless children Grace Children Home Address : Bharatpur-11, Chitwan Phone : 56-526559 Email : hkk4777@yahoo.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, education, and medical support to 26 orphan and poor children Responding NGO's 113 1 Grace Home Address : Maipi-Kathmandu Phone : 4361989 Email : info@gracechildhome.org Website : www.gracechildhome.org Summary : Provide shelter, education, and medical support to orphans Harka Atmanirbar Ananth Ashram Address : Naurangi, Bharatpur -12, Chitwan Phone : 9845075334 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, education, and medical support for 17 orphan children Hamro Ghar Address : Bharatpur-4, Nagarban,Chitawan Phone : 056-524436 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, education and rehabilitation to street children Hamro Anatha Bal Griha Address : Talshikhel Lalitpur Phone : 5531506 Email : oochome-nepal@yahoo.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter education and medical support for poor, needy and orphan children 114 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Helpless Children Protection Home Address : Krishna Mandir Ranibari Maharajgunj Phone :4444288 Email : helphome@hotmail.com Website : N/A Summary : provide schooling , skilled development to prisoner's child and orphan Happy Children's Trust Address : Godawari-3, Lalitpur Phone : 5560992 Email : happychildren@ntc.net.np Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to poor and orphan children Help Nepal Address : Tilganga,Pashupati,Kathmandu Phone : 9803766739 Email : N/A Website : www.helpnepal.org Summary : Provides shelter, education medical care and rehabilitation for street children HIM Nepal Address : Nagdhunga, Pokhara-8,Kaski Phone : 530207 Email : nihm@feweanet.com.np Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, education, and medical support for poor Himalayan children Responding NGO's 115 1 Himalayan Balbalilka Tatha Batabaran Sanrakchan Pariyojana Address : Jerwar, Baidam, Pokhara, Kaski Phone : 61-530207 Email : phchildrenhome@wlink.com.np Website : www.hchmustang.org Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical support for 32 poor children Home for Nation Address : Bisankhunarayan, Kathmandu Phone : 9841306643 Email : N/A Website :N/A Summary : Provide shelter and schooling support for children House of Peace Address : Tikapur Nagarpalika, Kailali Phone : 560106 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical support for semiorphan and needy children Hublo Nepal Address : Lainchaur, Kathmandu Phone : 4419064 Email : hublonepal@hotmail.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to orphan and poor children 116 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal ISIS Children's Foundation Address : Mahankal - 7, Kathmandu Phone : 4650163 Email : info@isis.org.np Website : www.isis.org.np Summary : To ensure full development of the children and to make positive and lasting difference to the life of the children Jeevan Jyoti Chatrabass Address : Hasanpur-5, Dhangadi, Kailali Phone : 091-521797 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, education, and medical support for 31 orphan and blind children Jeeven Utthan Child Home Address : Goldhunga-2, Balaju, Kathmandu Phone : 2173129 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide support to 17 orphan children Jivan Ko Lagi Naya Kiran Address : Sirjana Chok, Pokhara-8, Kaski Phone : 980418387 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical support to orphan and semi- orphan children Responding NGO's 117 1 Jossa Children's Home Address : Khokana, Lalitpur Phone : 9841-483246 Email : jossanepal@hotmail.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide support to orphans and conflict victim children Joy Vision for Children Address : Gaidakot-5, Nawalparashi Phone : 056-692063 Email : prem_thapo@yahoo.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, education, medical support to orphan and semi-orphan children Juddha Mari Blind Address : Gaur Municipal- 4, Rautahat Phone : 055-520205 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter and education to blind children Kaija Foundation Trust Address : Godamchaur, Lalitpur Phone : 5560543 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical support to 56 orphan children 118 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Kids Shangri-la Home Address : Jorpati, Kath Phone : 4478157 Email : madhusudan90@hotmail.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to orphan and poor children Kinderhiem Norbuling Address : Boudha-mahankal, Kathmandu Phone : 2142443 Email : norbuling_ch@yahoo.com Website : www.norbuling.org Summary : Provide support to orphans and needy children Krishna Kala Smitri Partisthan-guthi Address : Jaispur, Nepalgunj, Banke Phone : 081-523695 Email : u.keshyawal@gmail.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide support for orphans and semi-orphans Kumari School Address : Shivamandir- 9, Hasuriya, Nawalparashi Phone : 078-620354 Email : kumari_porject@hotmail.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical support for orphan and semi-orphan children and poor Responding NGO's 119 1 Light House Address : Gokarna, Kathmandu Phone : 2051480 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical support for orphan and poor children Light for Nepal Children's Home Address : Chakupat, Kupandol, Lalitpur Phone : 555391 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical support for orphan and semi-orphan and poor children Life Development Center Address : Jorpati-2, Devimarga, Kathmandu Phone : 2070708 Email : jeevanutthankendra@hotmail.com Website : N/A Summary : Provides shelter and treatment for mentally handicapped children Maiti Nepal Address : Pinglasthan, Gaushala, Kathmandu Phone : 4494816 Email : rcenter@maitinepal Website : www.maitinepal.org Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care, skilled training, legal support, advocacy counseling to street children, prisoner's children and orphan children 120 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Manabiya Sarokar Kendra Address : Samakhushi, Kathmandu Phone : 9841759272 Email : sccorg@hotmail.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical support to 30 orphan, semi-orphan, and poor children Manav Kalayan Sewa Sang Address : Tikapur- Itabhatta, Kailali Phone : 091 560221 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical support to poor children Matchin Nepal Address : Pokhara-16, Kaski Phone : 061-440216 Email : cedc@fewamail.com.np Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, education, and medical support to poor and orphan children Matri Nepal Apanga Sang Address : Gyenshowar, Kathmandu Phone : 4460498 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, education, and medical support to orphans and disabled children Responding NGO's 121 1 Maya Children Home Address : Birendranagar- 5 ,Chisapani,Surkhet Phone : 083-522316 Email : mayainjesus@yahoo.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, education and medical support to orphans and semi- orphan children Maya Nepal Address : Balkot -4, Bhaktapur Phone : 21131564 Email : mayanepalry@gmail.com Website : mayanepalry.com Summary : Provide care and support to orphan children Maya Sadan Address : Adarshanagar -13, Nepalgunj Phone : 81-526832 Email : c.mayasadan@hotmail.com Website : www.mayasadan.in Summary : Provide shelter, education, and medical support to orphans and poor children from jumla and Humla Mega Children Home Address : Balkot-4, Bhaktapur Phone : 2131564 Email : bi-kash@hotmail.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to orphan and poor children 122 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Mitrata Ko Bagaincha Address : Balkumari 8, Lalitpur Phone : 500633 Email : info@gofnepal.org Website : wwwgofnepal.org Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical support, as well as adoption opportunities to poor and orphan children Mother Home Address : Taukhel, Godawari, Kathmandu Phone : 5560652 Email : bheshnepali@hotmail.com Website : www.ama-foundations.org Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to under privileged children Mugale Home Address : Birendranagar, Khajura, Surkhet Phone : 083-520068 Email : askfamily@gmail.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter and medical support to poor, semi orphan and orphan children Multiplex Foundation Address : Bauddha Kath-6 Kathmandu Phone : 2142262 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide support for poor family children Responding NGO's 123 1 Namaste Children House Address : Lakeside-6, Jarewar, Pokhara ,Kaski Phone : 061-536249 Email : Namaste_org@wlink.com.np Website : orphangenepal.org Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical support to poor and orphan children National Orphan Children's Welfare Home Address : Bauddha, Kathmandu Phone : 9841222891 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to orphan and poor children Nava Kiran Sai Bal Ashram Address : Hattiban, Dhapakhel, lalitpur Phone : 5531820 Email : navakiran@mos.com.np Website : www.navakiranorphanage.org Summary : Provide shelter, education, and medical support to orphans and semi-orphans Nepal Eternity Orphan Home Address : Madhawaliya-4, Kotihawa, Rupandehi Phone : 071-695691 Email : eternity-home@live.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, education, and medical support to orphans, semi-orphans, and poor children 124 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Nepal Bal Kalayan Sang Address : Talshikhel, Lalitpur Phone : 5542008 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, education, and medical support to orphans and semi-orphans Nepal Bal Sangathan Address : Panchkhal, Kavre Phone : 6811000 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide support to orphan children Nepal Bal Sangathan Address : Taulihawa-3, Kapilbasthu Phone : 076-560071 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, education, and medical support to orphan and conflict victim children Nepal Bal Sangathan Dhangadi Child Home Address : Dhangadi, Kailali Phone : 523665 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, education, and medical support to orphan children Responding NGO's 125 1 Nepal Child Welfare Foundation Address : Siddhartha agar- 12, Janakapath, Rupandehi Phone : 071-524005, 522911 Email : nepalchild.btw@wlink.com.np Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, education, and medical support to children from the slums, streets, jail or victims of trafficking Nepal Children's Organization Address : Naxal, Ktm Phone : 4411202 Email : info@nconepal.org Website : www.nconepal.org Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to abandoned and orphan children Nepal Children Welfare Home Address : Bhartpur Nagar palika, Chitwan Phone : 580044 Email : orphome@wlink.com.np Website : ncwh@wlink.com.np Summary : Provide shelter, education, and medical support to orphans and poor children Nepal Children's Organization Address : Malangawa, Sharlahi Phone : 046-520243 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter and care to orphan children 126 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Nepal Children's Welfare Service Address : Godawari-1, Lalitpur Phone : 5560861 Email : ncwsc@wlink.com Website : www.ncwsc.org Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to orphan children Nepal Matri Griha Address : Gongabu-9, Bhandari Gaon, Kathmandu Phone : 43581911 Email : nmgriha@mail.com.np Website : nepalmatrigriha.org Summary : Provide education, shelter, rehabilitation, and health care to orphan and poor children Nepal Orphanage and Help Home(No Aaja) Address : Samakhushi- 21, Kathmandu Phone : 4352545 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, education, and medical support to orphans and war victims and natural disaster Nepal Rasthiya Uchhaha Ma Vi Address : Simara, Bara Phone : 053-521724 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, education and health care to deaf children Responding NGO's 127 1 Nepal Women Children and Human Rights Forum Address : Samakhushi, Kathmandu Phone : 2075029 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter to orphan and poor children Nepalese Home Address : Khadkabhadrakali, Kathmandu Phone : 4374048 Email : nepalesehome@hotmail.com Website : www.nepalesehome.com Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to street girl and boys. New Hope Rehabilitation Center Address : Satdobato, Lalitpur Phone : 5543109 Email : newhope@hotmail.com Website : www.newhope.org.np Summary : Provides shelter, drug rehabilitation, and street dramas for orphans and poor children New Nepal Church of God (Sahara Home) Address : Malakheti, Chaukidada, Kailali Phone : 091-691398 Email : oliya.usuf@yahoo.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to semi-orphan and poor children 128 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal New Life Niketan Address : Milanchowk, Shikhartol, Dhangadi Phone : 091-528051 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, education, and medical support to orphan and poor children New Life Children Heaven Address : Latikohili-9, Dipnagar, Surkhet Phone : 083-523919 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, education, and medical support to orphan and disabled children Om Shree Sai Nepal Bal Bikash Kendra Address : Khadkabhadrakaii-1, Kathmandu Phone : 9803029796 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to orphans and semi orphans Optimistic Children and Youth Home Nepal Address : Jorpati-3, Kathmandu Phone : 2070058, 2334623 Email : anjit@ocayhnsociety.org Website : www.padmanepal.org or www.ocayhnsociety.org Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to orphans and street children Responding NGO's 129 1 Orphan and Street Children Rehabilitation Center Address : Khadka Bhadrakali, Kathmandu Phone : 4370139 Email : orphanorg@hotmail.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to orphan and street children Orphans and Helpless Children Development Society Address : Dallu, Kalimati, Kathmandu Phone : 220080 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to orphan children Orphan Children Service Society Address : Sifal-7, Kathmandu Phone : 4468891 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, medical support, and shelter to orphan and semi-orphan children Orphan Children and Women Protection Centre Address : Bharatpur, Chitwan Phone : 580204 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, medical support, and shelter to orphan and poor children 130 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Orphan Tharu Children's Home Address : Shivamandir V.D.C. 1, Shanti tol, Nawalparashi Phone : 078-620528 Email : thanet4@hotmail.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical support to orphan, semi-orphans, and poor children Orphan Welfare Home-Nepal Address : Dhumbarahi-4, Kathmandu Phone : 4419362 Email : owhn@wlink.com.np Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical support to orphan children PA- Nepal Address : Sahidgangalmarga, Nayabazaar, Kathmandu Phone : 4364896, 9851040896 Email : panepal@gmail.com/pa, p_a_nepal@yahoo.com Website : www.panepal.org Summary : Provides shelter and education to children of jailed parents, regular visits to the jails, as well as released women's literacy classes Parizat Nestling Home Address : Kalopul, Kathmandu Phone : 4420581 Email : sbmoutan@mail.com.np Website : www.parizat-nestling-home.org Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to rescued girls and prisoner's girls Responding NGO's 131 1 Parmananda Ashram Address : Guheswari- Kathmandu Phone : 4468076 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, education, and medical support to over 50 needy children Paropakar Shastha Address : Bhimsensthan, Kalimatipul, Kathmandu Phone : 4251614/4260859 Email : paropakar@gmail.com Website : www.paropakar.page.ti Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to orphan semiorphan and needy children Patenschaft Nepal Project Address : Koteshwar, Ktm Phone : 14601924 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to helpless and conflict victim children PIN Nepal Address : Kalimati- 13, Kathmandu Phone : 4274799 Email : pin@girl.wlink.com.np Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, education, and a support program for atrisk girls in slum areas 132 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Pokhara Children Home Address : Machapucheretol- Pokhara, Kaski Phone : 464674 Email : pch.aaditya@yahoo.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, education, and medical support for orphans, poor and semi-orphans Prabi Balmandir Address : Gaur Municipal- 4, Rautahat Phone : 055-520094 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter and education for deaf children Prayas Nepal Address : Baluwatar, Kathmandu Phone : 2150828 Email : prayasnepal@vianet.com.np Website : www.prayasnepal.org Summary : Provide shelter, education, and medical support for poor and orphan children Pun Hill Kids Hostel Address : Dhaulagirimarg, Pokhara, Kaski Phone : 9846040272 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, education, and medical care for poor and street children Responding NGO's 133 1 Rainbow Children Home Address : Dikopatan, Pokhara-6, Kaski Phone : 061-462089 Email : rch@orphancarenepal Website : www. Orphancarenepal.org Summary : Provide shelter, education, and medical care to orphan, semi orphan and poor children Rainbow Foundation Address : Multhok, Pokhara-6, Kaski Phone : 9846114307 Email : srnepal@live.com Website : www.stichtingregenboognepal.nl Summary : Provide training, education, shelter, and medical support to orphans, poor and street children Rising Lotus Children Chatrabas Address : Bafal, Kathmandu Phone : 9841435208 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, education, and medical support to orphans Rokpa Children's Home Address : Bauddha, Kathmandu Phone : 4496096 Email : rokpa@wlink.com.np Website : www.rokpa.org Summary : Provide education and shelter to street children 134 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Sagarmatha Bal Griha Address : Kapan, Kathmandu Phone : 2101097 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to orphan, needy and helpless children Sagarmantha Child Home Address : Lahan-4, Siraha Phone : 98047721719 Email : rmahato@yahoo.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to orphan and homeless children Sagarmantha Foundation Nepal (EFN) Address : Balaju, Gol dhunga-1, Kathmandu Phone : 21737997 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to orphan, street, handicapped children Sagarmatha Ashahaya Sewa Sangh Address : Arubari Bauddha KTM Phone :4479076 Email : sass@wlink.com.np Website :www.sassnepal.org.np Summary : Provide education shelter and medical care for orphan poor and dalit children Responding NGO's 135 1 Sahara Children Home Address : Simalchaur, Pokhara-8, Kaski Phone : 9806567679 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to orphan children Sahara Bal Grirha Address : Milan Basti, Saibu, Lalitpur Phone : 5591593 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide adoption, education, shelter, and medical care to orphan children Sahara Club Pokhara Address : Bus park , Pokhara-8, Kaski Phone : 061-532561 Email : info@saharaclubpokhara.com Website : www.saharaclubpokhara.com Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to orphan and helpless children Sahara International Nepal Address : Chapali, Budanilakantha 3, Kathmandu Phone : 2150538 Email : contact@himalayanorphanage.com Website : www.himalayaorphanage.org Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to orphan children and conflict victim children 136 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Samaj Kalyan Anchal Bal Anathalaya Address : Mahendranagar-4 Kanchanpur Phone : 9858750098 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter education and medical support for orphan and semi orphan children Samaj Bikash Thatha Parbardhan Kendra Address : Bishalchok, Dhamboji-Nepalgunj- 1, Banke Phone : 081-526902 Email : b_sdpc_c@yahoo.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to war conflict victim , street children, domestic child labor and orphan children Santi Bal Girha Address : Pokhara Bus Park, Kaski Phone : 9804121628 Email : Peace_child_home@yahoo.com Website : www.peacechildhome.com Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to semi orphan children Sapana Dreaming Home Address : Gokarna, Kathmandu Phone : 4800073 Email : Sapanad@gmail.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, training and medical care to orphan children Responding NGO's 137 1 Sarah Children Home Child Care Address : Bhratpur, Baptis Church, Chitawan Phone : 521528 Email : grgls@techminds.com.np Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter education support and medical care for orphan, helpless and poor family children Shakti Samuha Address : Nagdhunga- Pokhara, Kaski Phone : 522255 Email : shakti@samuha.wlink.com.np Website : www.shakisamuha.com Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to needy and street girls and female victims of trafficking as well as counseling, skills development programs for women, and other awareness programs Shalom Society Address : Simara -2, Bara Phone : 9745010774 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide adoption for orphan and poor children Shanti Sewa Griha Address : Gaushala, Kathmandu Phone : 4480715 Email : Shantiseva@wlink.com.np Website : N/A Summary : Provides education, training, shelter, and medical support for disabled. Also offer a disabled children's center, malnutrition center, vocational training and workshops, women's workshops, carpentry and silversmith workshops, and organic vegetable gardens. 138 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Shri Mahabir Janata Address : Maripur-9, Sarlahi Phone : 046-620141 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, medical support, and special education to blind children Shree Janata Pra-vi Address : Dhaptol, Sarlahi Phone : 046-6202116 Email : a_chalise@yahoo.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, education and medical care to deaf children Singing Star Children's Home Address : Godawari-1, Lalitpur Phone : 5560081 Email : vsnepal@wlink.com.np Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to helpless and conflict victim children Sirjana Children Home/Development Center Address : Mahatgaunda, Pokhara-17, Kaski Phone : 061-695734 Email : sea_maa@hotmail.com Website : N/A Summary : Provides adoption opportunities to conflict victims children Responding NGO's 139 1 SOS Children's Village Address : Bharatpur-8, Chitwan, Nepal Phone : 056-527725 Email : sosbharatpur@wlink.com.np Website : N/A Summary : Provide a family type environment for orphan and destitute children in order to rehabilitate them. Includes education, medical care as well as opportunities for scholarships, a day care program for thirty poor children, and a secondary school. Covers 29 districts in Nepal. SOS Children's Village Address : Rambazar, Pokhara, Kaski Phone : 061-431095 Email : sosgan@fewanet.com.np Website : N/A Summary : Part of the SOS Children's Village project SOS Bahini Address : Pokhara, Kaski-Nepal Phone : 061-461942 Email : sosbahini.org Website : www.sosbahini.org Summary : Provides adoption opportunities to girls as well as shelter, education, and rehabilitation SOS Village Nepal Address : Koteshwar- 35, Kathmandu Phone : 9841245705 Email : deepakgyawalioo@yahoo.com Website : N/A Summary : Part of the SOS Children's Village project 140 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal SOS Village Address : Birendranagar, Kalagaun, Surkhet Phone : 083-520366 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Part of the SOS Children's Village project Social Awareness of Education Nepal (SAFE Nepal) Address : Amrit tol, Ghorahi- 11, Dang Phone : 9847847181 Email : safenpj@ntc.net.np Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to orphan and badi community's children Star Children Home Address : Dam side, Pohkara- 17, Kaski Phone : 061-460924 Email : starchildren@fewanet.com.np Website : N/A Summary : Provides adoption to HIV affected children Street Children Protection and Reintegration Center Address : Pokhara-7, Kaski Phone : 061-236966 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide adoptions for street children Responding NGO's 141 1 Sunaulo Parbaha Baal Griha Address : Hadigaun, Dhumbarahi, Kathmandu Phone : 2072519 Email : sanaulo_pb@hotmail.com Website : www.childrights.nl Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to street, poor and orphan children Sunrise Orphan Home Address : Jorpati, Kathmandu Phone : 4912054 Email : sorphage@wlink.com.np Website : www.sunriseorphanage.org.np Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to orphan children Sunshine Children's Home Address : Kapan -3, Kathmandu Phone : 4811094 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, medical care, and vocational training for orphans Support the Children Nepal Address : Budanilakantha, Gairigaun, Kathmandu Phone : 9841538194 Email : smilebabyscn@yahoo.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical support to orphans and semi-orphans children 142 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Sunrise Orphan Home Address : Jorpati- Kathmandu Phone : 4912054 Email : sorphage@wlink.com.np Website : www.sunriseorphanage.org.np Summary : Provide education, shelter, medical support and training to orphan children Swastik Women and Children Protection Organization Address : Dhumbagahi. Kathmandu Phone : 4442760 Email : bikash.32@hotmail.com Website : swastik@cnet.com.np Summary : Provide education, health camps, shelter, rescue, adoption opportunities, as well as a skill development program for women Tabita Home of Hope Address : Naurangi- 11, Bharatpur, Chitawan Phone : 056-533156 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide adoption opportunities to orphan children Talbot Children Center Address : Buhundhara, Jorpati, Kathmandu Phone : 9803313318 Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, education, and medical care for orphan and poor children Responding NGO's 143 1 Tanvipriya Woman and Child Rehabilitation Center Address : Phultekra-Nepalganj, Banke Phone : 081-525023 Email : n_sarc_npj@yahoo.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide education, shelter, medical care to HIV infected children and their infected parents. They also provide an awareness program for HIV/AIDS and conduct fundraising with a local NGO in support of AIDS awareness Tashi Children Home Address : Jorpati, Kathmandu Phone : 4461577 Email : tashischool@yahoo.com Website : www.tashischool.com Summary : Provide education, medical care, and shelter to orphan and disabled children from remote areas The Direct Help Foundation Address : Bhurangkhel, Ghatgalli-1, Kathmandu Phone : 4252322 Email : tdhf@ntc.net.np Website : www.tdhf.ibernet.com Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care for poor and orphan children The New Youth Children Development Society Address : Budanilakantha-Nayachook, Kathmandu Phone : 9841270528 Email : shivashankarnepali@yahoo.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, education, and medical care for poor and orphan children, as well as skills training for needy youth 144 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Upecheit Ashahaya Balblika Kendra Address : Ratnanagar -5 Narayanghad, Chitwan Phone : 9845046753 Email : dhchildwc@hotmail.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, education, and medical care for orphan and poor children Unique Child Welfare Center Address : Nakhudobato Lalitpur Phone : 5559133 Email : anand_sinha@gmail.com Website : N/A Summary : Provide shelter, education, and medical care for orphan and poor children. Youth Activities empowerment Center Address : Maijubahal, Chabahil, Kathmandu Phone : 4466414 Email : tej_prasad@hotmail.com Website : www.yauc.org Summary : Provide education, shelter, and medical care to orphan and disable children Voice of Children Address : Dhalko Kathmandu Phone : 4259283 Email : bisauni@vochildren.wlink.com.np Website : www.voiceofchildren.org.np Summary : Rehabilitate and shelter to street children to society and family and schooling support for street children boys Responding NGO's 145 1 Victim Support and Rehabilitation Program Address : Phulbari Tutunga Pokhara Phone : N/A Email : N/A Website : N/A Summary : Provide rehabilitation support for children 146 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal RESPONDING INGO's Enfants et Developpement Country : France Local Address : GPO Box 8975 EPC 1936 Kathmandu Phone : 4212703 Email : eednepal@enfantsetdeveloppement.org Website : www.enfantsetdeveloppement.org Mission and Objectives: : Give support to street children, development of a family, development program and development of a vocational training program Esther Benjamin Trust- Nepal Country : United Kingdom Local Address : PO Box 23067, KTM Phone : 015523642 Email : nick.sankey@ebtrust.org.uk Website : www.ebtrust.org.uk Mission and Objectives : : Rescue and rehabilitate Nepali girls trafficked to Indian circuses. Also work with disabled and other vulnerable children. Responding INGO's 147 1 The ISIS Foundation Country : Burmuda/Australia Local Address : PO Box 8974 CPC 222 Kathmandu Phone : 4379134 Email : info@isis.org.np Website : www.isis.bm Mission and Objectives : To make a difference in the lives of children in the developing world. In Nepal, to rescue children from difficult circumstances. Nepal Wilfe Beilngries E.V. Country : Germany Local Address : 300/72 Kakancho Binayak Marg, Chhauni-13, KTM Phone : 01-4280951 Email : sukrish@wlink.com.np Website : www.nepalwilfe.org Mission and Objectives : Support children and needy people of Nepal through children's homes, school building, health and homes for the elderly PLAN Nepal Country : United Kingdom Local Address : Shree Durbar, Lalitpur Phone : 55355805 Email : Nepal.co@plan-international.org Website : www.plan-international.org Mission and Objectives : Plan's vision is of a world in which all children realize 148 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal their full potential; in societies that respect people 's right and dignity plan strive to achieve lasting empowerment in the quality of life of deprived children in developing country through process that unites people across culture and adds meaning and value to their lives by : enabling deprived children their families and their communities to meet their basic needs and to increase their ability to participate in and benefit from their societies; building relationship to increase understanding and unity among people of different cultures and countries promoting the rights and interest of world children Planete Enfants Country : France Local Address : Dashrathchand Marga Bishal Nagar, Kathmandu Phone : 1-441-49-02 Email : Christian@pe-nepal.org Website : www.planete-enfants.org Mission and Objectives: Fight against domestic violence and human trafficking Save the Children Norway Country : Norway Local Address : Sudhara, Kathmandu Phone : 4258159 Email : post@savechildren.norway.org. Website : www.reddburna.no Mission and Objectives : To create lasting, positive change in the lives of children in need by mobilizing citizens throughout the world and ensure that every child has the right to survival, protection, development and participation as set forth in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Responding INGO's 149 1 Save the Children United States(SCUS) Country : USA Local Address : JDA Office Complex, 5th Floor, Bag Durbar, Sundhara, Phone : 4222247 Email : himalfo@savechildren.org.np Website : www.savethechildren.org Mission and Objectives : To create lasting, positive change in the lives of children in need by mobilizing citizens throughout the world and ensure that every child has the right to survival, protection, development and participation as set forth in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Save the Children Japan Country : Japan Local Address : JDA Building, Sundhara, Kathmandu Phone : 4251389 Email : scjktm@mos.com.np Website : www.savethechildren.org Mission and Objectives : Contribute to the fulfillment of the rights of the child in both developing nations and Japan. The SCJ-N program is strongly focused to establish social norms for eliminating child labor and making education universal. Search for Common Ground Country : USA Local Address : Bakhundole 96/3 Lalitpur, Nepal Phone : 015535909 Email : sfcgnepal@sfcg.org Website : www.sfcg.org Mission and Objectives : Transform the way the world deals with conflict, away from adversarial approaches towards cooperative solutions 150 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal Shapla Neer Country : Japan Local Address : Kopondole, Lalitpur Phone : 5011667 Email : srijana@shaplaneer.org Website : www.shaplaneer.org Mission and Objectives : Provide support to street children, to include shelter, education, and skills training Terre des Hommes Foundation Country : Switzerland Local Address : Jhamsikhel, Lalitpur, Nepal Phone : 555348 Email : joseph.aguettant@tdh.ch Website : www.tdh.ch, www.tdhnepal.org Mission and Objectives: TDH provide support to vulnerable children, there where needs are most vital. Working in close alliance with communities and local partners TDH is recognized in the north and south as key actor in the field of child support World Mobilization Nepal Country : Brazil Local Address : Khadka Bhadrakali, Ward no. 5, Hattigauda, Kathmandu Phone : 4374048 Email : worldmobilizationnepal@yahoo.com Website : www.worldmobilizationnepal.com Mission and Objectives : Support financially a Nepalese Home organization that rescues and cares for girls and children who have been trafficked. Goal is to reach three thousand girls and children within five years. Responding INGO's 151 1 World Vision International Country : USA Local Address : Jhamsikhel, Lalitpur- 3 Phone : N/A Email : N/A Website : www.wvi.org Mission and Objectives : For every child to experience life in all its fullness. To work with children, families, and communities to overcome poverty and injustice. Our mission for every child life in all its fullness our prayer for every heart the will to make it so 152 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal BIBLIOGRAPHY NEPAL 2009 ACR INTERNATIONAL Article 35: States shall "prevent the abduction of, sale of or traffic in children for any purpose or in any form." BIBLIOGRAPHY CCWB Report on "Survey of the Child care Homes June 2008" CCWB "The states of children of Nepal September 2008" Prévention Spécialisée Nord, Revue de Presse. Forum international à la condition publique à Roubaix, Roubaix, juin 2004. BHARGAVA, P. H., "The Elimination of Child Labour: Whose responsibility? A Pratical Workbook, Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd., New Delhi, 2003," Child Welfare Scheme and UNESCO, "Study of Policies and Pogrammes Adressing the Right of Street Children to Education". Research report, Kathmandu, May 2005. CWIN-NEPAL, "Working With Children For Children". Annual report, Kathmandu, 2004. Bibliography 155 1 CWIN-NEPAL, Fact Sheet: Situation of Child Care Homes and Government Initiatives in Nepal. November 2007. GOSSERIES, Ph., DE BOEVE, E., Training Guide. Social sreet work and communication towards the media, Baloo asbl and Dynamo international, Bruxelles, . International Labour Organization, International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) and Central Department of Population Studies (CDPS) of Tribhuvan University of Kathmandu, Nepal. Situation of Child Rag pickers: a Rapid Assessment, Geneva, November 2001. International Society for Mobile Youth (ISMO) and National Council of Churches of Kenia (NCCK), Mobile Youth Work in Africa. Transformation of a worldwide Concept, Germany, Walther Specht, Katrien Kampermann, 2004. 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UNESCO (Website, 2007) Statistics in Brief: Education in Nepal World Health Organisation (WHO) A Training Package on Substance Use, Sexual and Reproductive Health including HIV/AIDS and STDs Bibliography 157 1 ABBREVIATION ACR-INT : Action for Child Right International AIN : Association of International Non-governmental Organization CCWB : Central Child Welfare Board CDO : Chief District Officer CNET : Childcare Homes Network CPCS-INT : Child Protection Centers and Services International CREHPA : Center for Research Education Health, Population and Awarness CWIN : Child Workers in Nepal DCWB : District Child Welfare Board ILO : International Labour Organization INGO : International Non-governmental Organization ISMO : International Society for Mobile Youth NCCK : National Council of Churches of Kenya NGO : Non-governmental Organization SWC : Social Welfare Council UNDP : United Nation Development Programme WHO : World Health Organization 158 A Study of Childrens Homes in Nepal