historic core district - University of Maryland

Transcription

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HISTORIC CORE
DISTRICT
ÆSTHETIC
GUIDELINES
FOR
CAMPUS
DEVELOPMENT
March, 2004
Draft
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
This district section is one of ten portions of the
ÆSTHETIC GUIDELINES FOR CAMPUS DEVELOPMENT
of the University of Maryland and focuses on
issues particular to the district. Descriptions
of the overall Campus, University-wide issue
and solution discussions, and Urban Design,
Landscape Architecture and Architecture
principles are included in the first section,
entitled CAMPUS; it is intended to be used
in concert with this volume. Where topics
are shared by adjacent districts, such as at
district edges, those district sections should
be referenced for supplemental information.
Introduction
Prologue
District Definition
District Description
Boundaries
District Building Types
Adjacent Contributing Buildings and
Features
Urban Design
General Description
Existing
Proposed
Contributing Features
Non-Contributing Features
Neutral
Unsympathetic
Under-developed
ÆSTHETIC GUIDELINES
FOR CAMPUS
DEVELOPMENT
In 10 volumes:
Campus
East District
Golf Course District
Historic Core District
North District
Northeast District
Northwest District
Outlying Properties
Southwest District
West District
Architecture
General Description
Existing
Proposed
Contributing Buildings
Significant
Important
Non-Contributing Buildings
Neutral
Unsympathetic
Issues
FMP-generated Modifications to the
District
Proposals & Remedies
Urban Design & Landscape
Architecture
Architecture
Summary
Landscape Architecture
General Description
Existing
Proposed
Contributing Features
Non-Contributing Features
Neutral
Unsympathetic
historic core district
æsthetic guidelines for campus development
HC-i
university of maryland college park
HISTORIC CORE DISTRICT
prologue
description
boundaries
sub-districts
PROLOGUE
Preservation and enhancement of valued
existing built and natural resources form the
basis of recommendations for the HISTORIC
CORE DISTRICT. The white-columned redbrick structures with pitched gray roofs
surrounding tree-lined quadrangles and
lawns of this District form the over-riding
central image of the Campus: expressions
of order, harmony, spaciousness, and
tranquility signify the University’s educational
intentions.
DISTRICT DEFINITION
DESCRIPTION
The heart, and original section, of the
Campus, this District has numerous
buildings that are eligible for inclusion in the
National Register of Historic Places, as well
as richly developed landscape areas. The
ceremonial and most visible entrances to
the University are situated along Baltimore
Avenue / US Route 1, including the South,
the Class of 1910 and Founders’ gates, the
MEMORIAL CHAPEL FIELD and lawn, and the
ENGINEERING INTRAMURAL FIELDS at Founders’
Gate. This District effectively divides the
City of College Park along Baltimore Avenue
into two sectors: the original town, which
developed from the railroad station at the
east end of College Avenue on part of the
Charles Bennett Calvert land grant, and
the Route 1 Corridor north of Founders’
Gate. The District is primarily comprised
of gable- or hipped-roof red brick with white
trim structures based on Southern regional
Georgian precedents, most of which are
grouped around quadrangles, the largest
being MCKELDIN MALL.
BOUNDARIES
•
•
•
•
The NORTHEAST and NORTHWEST districts
(Campus Drive) on the North;
The EAST DISTRICT (Baltimore Avenue /
US Route 1) on the East;
The City of College Park (Lehigh and
Knox roads) on the South;
The SOUTHWEST DISTRICT (alley to South
Campus Dining Hall Plaza to Preinkert
Drive to Campus Drive) on the West.
fig. hc-1a aerial photograph
fig. hc-1c fmp-proposed historic core district
SUB-DISTRICTS
THE ACROPOLIS
The original campus was built atop a
knoll at the head of College Avenue
and nicknamed “the Acropolis”. Morrill
Hall (040), the sole survivor of the
Thanksgiving, 1912 fire, is joined by
academic buildings in surrounding the
Grove and forming Morrill Quadrangle.
This region includes the South Campus
Dining Hall (026) and plaza and the
Kent (022) -Talbot (030) - Garrett (031)
residential complex.
SOUTH HILL
Residential structures occupy the
heights overlooking the City of College
Park and the MEMORIAL CHAPEL FIELD
and include: Calvert and Washington
quadrangles, the Range and the South
Campus Commons along Lehigh Road,
and Annapolis and Montgomery halls at
the tip of the peninsula.
PLAYING FIELDS AND LAWNS
From the Memorial Chapel grounds,
sited on crown of a hillock-peninsula, to
the continuous wall of the Engineering
buildings, the Romantic Landscape
playing fields and lawns sit astride a
complex of administration and public
buildings, including the Rossborough
Inn. The MEMORIAL CHAPEL and
ENGINEERING INTRAMURAL fields, the
steeple, the dome, and the various
porticos form the most prominent and
iconic image of the Campus as well as
the University’s primary entrance.
fig. hc-1b existing plan
HC-1
EXISTING AERIAL VIEW
fig. hc-2a aerial photograph of historic core district
HC-2
RENDERING OF PROPOSED DISTRICT
fig. hc-3a rendering of historic core and east districts in 2020
HC-3
topography
adjacent buildings
& features
DISTRICT DEFINITION
MCKELDIN MALL
Following the Classical Landscape
tradition, a series of individual
white-porticoed red brick academic,
administration,
and
residential
Colonial Revival structures occupy
the ridges surrounding a prominent
well-landscaped valley at the center of
Campus.
DISTRICT BUILDING TYPES
•
fig. hc-4a 001 steam plant
Structures within the HISTORIC CORE
DISTRICT are comprised primarily of
academic, administration and residential
buildings.
ADJACENT CONTRIBUTING BUILDINGS &
FEATURES
•
•
•
•
fig. hc-4b 004 ritchie coliseum
•
•
•
The Power Plant (001)
Ritchie Coliseum (004)
South Campus Dining Hall (026) and
plaza
The Mathematics Building (084) and
Engineering Classroom Building (088)
complex, highlighted by the domed
entry to the Mathematics Building
Fraternity Row (126-139) (fig. X)
Tawes Fine Arts Center (141) and East
Plaza.
College Park Fire Station (802) (fig. X)
fig. hc-4d 084 mathematics building
fig. hc-4c 026 south campus dining hall
fig.hc-4e topographic contours
fig. hc-4f 141 tawes fac - east facade
HC-4
URBAN DESIGN
organizaion
description
URBAN DESIGN
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The Historic Core of the Campus is
comprised of rows of individual buildings
hierachically arranged to form a series of
Quadrangles and two irregular fields resulting
in an Individual Cosmic urban model (fig. X).
These rows straddle prominent geographic
features of the Campus: the brow of the
hill at Morrill Quad and the MCKELDIN MALL
valley. The rectangular Washington and
Calvert quads are situated atop South Hill
overlooking the City of College Park; the
Range and South Campus Commons echo
the linear form of the quadrangles. Two
fields, ringed by buildings, slope gently
upwards from Baltimore Avenue: Memorial
Chapel dominates the MEMORIAL CHAPEL FIELD
and the former Glenn Martin Institute forms
a distinct edge of the ENGINEERING INTRAMURAL
FIELDS.
fig. hc-5a flourney plan 1918
The southern UMCP boundary (along Lehigh
and Knox roads) is weakly defined. District
boundaries are prominent along Baltimore
Avenue and the Engineering Buildings. The
Campus-Preinkert Drive and service road
edges are far-less defined (fig. X).
fig. hc-5b simons & west plan 1927
Due to the contributions of previous master
plans in this area, the HISTORIC CORE DISTRICT
requires limited modifications to fulfill its
potential: few new buildings or additions
are proposed in the FACILITIES MASTER PLAN
2001-2020 (FMP) while renovations are
common. Edges should be strengthened
to promote the campus presence without
signage. Processional routes connecting
existing and proposed landscaped spaces
should be enhanced, front and back yards
developed, and service yards segregated
from circulation. Surface parking lots should
be relocated into parking garages and the
space converted to pedestrian and bicycle
purposes.
fig. hc-5c shoemaker plan 1927
fig. hc-5e organizational principles
fig. hc-5d elliott plan model 1931
HC-5
axes
features
URBAN DESIGN
CONTRIBUTING FEATURES
•
•
•
•
•
•
Calvert Quadrangle
ENGINEERING INTRAMURAL FIELDS at
Founders’ Gate
The Grove at Morrill Quadrangle
MCKELDIN MALL
MEMORIAL CHAPEL FIELD and Close
Washington Quadrangle
NON-CONTRIBUTING FEATURES
UNSYMPATHETIC
•
Bulk of McKeldin Library [interferes
with original Mall from Main
Administration Building to Anne
Arundel Hall]
•
Service functions in lieu of yards /
processional route from Symons to
HJ Patterson halls
fig. hc-6a district aerial from east
UNDER-DEVELOPED
•
Campus boundary along Lehigh
and Knox roads
•
Campus Drive, west of “M” traffic
circle, especially entries to buildings
and the District
•
HJ Patterson Plaza
•
Morrill Quadrangle
•
Natural “bowl” or valley behind
McKeldin Library
•
Baltimore Avenue / US Route 1
segregates the EAST DISTRICT from
the Campus
fig. hc-6b district border along baltimore ave / us route 1
fig. hc-6c campus edge : knox road
fig. hc-6d south campus commons edge : knox road
fig. hc-6e design axes
fig. hc-6f scc building 3 portal
HC-6
URBAN DESIGN
visual axes
features
fig. hc-7e landmarks, spaces and visual axes
HC-7
fields & places
description
quads
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The original campus was located atop the
southern (of four) peninsula, which stretch
like fingers from University Boulevard on the
West toward Baltimore Avenue (fig. X). Morrill
Hall and the Grove are all that remain of the
Campus’ early phases (figs. X,x). South
Hill is covered with residential complexes
enclosing
landscaped
quadrangles.
Memorial Chapel crowns the tip of the next
peninsula overlooking a lawn stretching from
the valley between the first two “fingers” into
the Classical exedra of Fraternity Row (figs.
X,x). MCKELDIN MALL (fig. X) is the secondlargest landscape mall in the Washington
area and occupies the valley between the
second and third peninsulæ. Campus Drive
(fig. X) follows the ridge of the third peninsula
curving behind Anne Arundel Hall at the west
end of McKeldin Mall passing through the
“M” traffic circle at the tip of the peninsula
overlooking the Engineering Intramural
Fields and culminating at Founders’ Gate.
Mature tree and plant specimens grace the
entire District.
fig. hc-8a mckeldin mall aerial
fig. hc-8b memorial chapel field aerial
MORRILL QUADRANGLE
The area east of Morrill Hall (040) at the
brow of the hill between LeFrak (038) and
Tydings (042) / Taliaferro (043) halls, site of
The Grove (fig. X), criss-crossed by paths
and densely planted with mature trees and
shrubs, forms an underdeveloped plaza for
Morrill Hall, the sole survivor of the mid1800 campus. Shoemaker Building (037)
and parking lots form the Eastern edge.
A plaza with bronze plaques mounted to
masonry walls relates the early chapters of
the campus (fig. x).
fig. hc-8c engineering intramural fields aerial
CALVERT QUADRANGLE
Rectangular area fronting Calvert Hall
(015) and formed by Cecil (017) Prince
George’s (021) and Kent (022) halls (fig. X)
is characterized by a brick paving area (west
side) and Contemporary landscape planting
(east side).
fig. hc-8d morrill quad aerial
fig. hc-8e fields and places
HC-8
typologies
sub-districts
WASHINGTON QUADRANGLE
Rectangular area bounded by residence halls
along the southern edge of Campus (figs.
X,x). The scale of the adjacent buildings,
Architectural details, and mature planting
arrangements define a delightful pedestrian
atmosphere. The quad is currently paved for
recreational uses, but sports equipment has
been removed. Trees obscure the primary
axis of Washington Hall and the monumental
staircase.
MEMORIAL CHAPEL GROUNDS
The Chapel is sited on a well-landscaped
crown of a hillock-peninsula overlooking a
Romantic-style landscape of playing fields
and lawn (figs. X,x); the grounds surrounding
the Chapel contain many intimate garden
areas and a few memorial planting and
seating groups.
fig. hc-9a calvert quad
MCKELDIN MALL
A Classically-inspired west-east sloping
lawn quadrangle (fig. X) is surrounded by
red brick masonry structures and bounded
by double rows of mature Willow Oaks at the
older, eastern portion and younger Willow
Oaks and Goldenraintrees at the western.
Groupings of Crabapples chamfer the
corners at each end of the Quad. The Ο∆Κ
(Omicron Delta Kappa) fountain (fig. X) steps
down the lawn from the Sundial in the middle
of the Mall. Semi-circular red-brick lowwalled plazas (fig. X) have been developed
at the entries to buildings in the eastern
portion of the mall, and between buildings
in the western. Two intimately-scaled walled
gardens are located at the mid-point crossaxial entrances of the Mall: the northern
is dedicated to Robert L Baker, PhD and
the southern to Dr. Raymond A Pearson,
University President from 1926-1935 (figs.
X,x). With masonry benches integrated
into low walls and additional furnishings,
varied paving materials designating paths of
passage or places of rest, scale-appropriate
plantings and deciduous shade trees,
these gardens are exemplars of the kinds
of spaces that should be developed within
each district. Originally constrained by Anne
Arundel Hall (060) at the top of the slope and
the Main Administration Building (077) at the
bottom, the Mall’s length was truncated by
the erection of McKeldin Library (035) in the
mid-1950’s.
fig. hc-9b sundial on mckeldin mall
fig. hc-9c lehigh road at allegany hall
fig. hc-9e landscape typologies
fig. hc-9d montgomery hall terrace
HC-9
interventions
contributing
features
CONTRIBUTING FEATURES
SIGNIFICANT
•
ENGINEERING INTRAMURAL FIELDS
at Founders’ Gate (1940)
[Romantic]
•
The
Grove
(1850’s)
[Romantic]
•
MCKELDIN MALL (193x; modified
1958) [Classical]
•
MEMORIAL CHAPEL FIELD (1944)
[Romantic]
•
West Courtyard of Memorial
Chapel
(1954,
renovated
1981, 1997) [Classical]
•
Baker and Pearson gardens at
McKeldin Mall (193x, dedicated
1979) [Romantic]
•
Rossborough Inn Courtyard
and Garden (194x) [Classical]
fig. hc-9a west garden at memorial chapel
IMPORTANT
•
Calvert
Quadrangle
(1942;
renovated
197x)
[Contemporary]
•
Founders’, South and Class of
1910 gates (1941) [Romantic]
•
A Meeting Place : Night
and Day sculpture group by
Kenneth Campbell and plaza
(1972) [Contemporary]
•
McKeldin
Library
Terrace
(1958) [Classical]
•
Main Administration Building
Terrace (199x) and September
11, 2001 memorial (2002)
[Classical]
•
Memorial Walk with seating
areas on the Memorial Chapel
grounds (1954-90) [Romantic]
•
Rekord Armory Terrace (1944)
[Classical]
•
Ο∆Κ (Omicron Delta Kappa)
fountain (1989) and Sundial
(1965,
relocated
1991)
[Contemporary]
•
Vietnam
War
Veterans’
Memorial (1988) [Romantic]
•
Woods Hall Courtyard (198x)
[Romantic]
fig. hc-9b vietnam war veterans’ memorial
fig. hc-9c baker garden at mckeldin mall
fig. hc-9d “m” traffic circle at campus and regents drives
fig. hc-7d proposed landscpe interventions
HC-10
yards
non-contributing
features
NON-CONTRIBUTING FEATURES
NEUTRAL
•
Jimenez Hall Backyard (1970)
[Contemporary]
•
Mitchell Hall North Terrace
(1998) [Contemporary]
•
Montgomery Hall Terrace
(1955) [Romantic]
•
St Mary’s Hall Terrace (1987)
[Contemporary]
•
Turner Hall Terrace (1964)
[Romantic]
•
Tydings Hall North Terrace
(1961) [Classical]
fig. hc-10a flagpole plaza at reckord armory
UNSYMPATHETIC
•
Parking lots & service yards
•
Lehigh
Road
Terrace
at Allegany Hall (198x)
[Romantic]
UNDER-DEVELOPED
•
Campus Drive [residual]
•
Morrill Quadrangle (1928-61)
[Romantic]
•
HJ Patterson Plaza (1937)
[residual]
•
Washington
Quadrangle
(1940) [Classical with residual
recreation paving]
•
Natural “bowl” behind McKeldin
Library (1958, modified 1990)
[residual]
•
The
Ο∆Κ (Omicron Delta
Kappa)
fountain
requires
border planting to better tie it
into the Mall
fig. hc-11b rossborough inn well detail
fig. hc-11c walk at mitchell hall - engineering fields
fig. hc-11f memorial chapel field & steeple
fig. hc-11e yards
fig. hc-11d specimen oak tree at memorial chapel field
HC-11
building use
description
ARCHITECTURE
ARCHITECTURE
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
In response to the restoration of
Williamsburg, Virginia and other factors
emphasizing early US history, a Colonial
Revival motif (developed from original
structures throughout Maryland) was
adopted during the 1920’s and ‘30’s.
Existing structures were reclad (figs. X,x),
and new buildings constructed in this style,
and these comprise the Historic Core of the
campus. Many of these contribute to the
eligibility list for the National Register and
constitute a major presence on Campus.
Red brick masonry walls with punched
openings, white trim, columned porticoes
with pediments, hipped or gabled gray
slate roofs, and simple block massing with
recessed or projecting wings are attributes
of this style (fig. X). Additions to original
buildings have ranged from copies or
abstractions of the original to new and
contrasting compositions, and contribute to
the hodge-podge appearance to the District.
fig. hc-12a 008 annapolis hall
Renovation of or additions to existing
structures form the major portion of
architectural interventions in this District;
new structures or replacements are
limited to a few residential buildings which
complete the architectural fabric or the
Multimedia Instructional-, Graduate-, and
International- centers on the periphery. The
completion of the South Campus Commons
residences along the southern boundary
of Campus provides a great opportunity
to create a welcoming, vibrant, defined
face to the community (fig. X). Application
of traditional styles, especially those
echoing regional flavor and detailing, is an
appropriate response for additions to this
District.
fig. hc-12b 009 memorial chapel
fig. hc-12c 014 harford hall
fig. hc-12d 015 calvert hall
fig. hc-12e existing & proposed building use
HC-12
ARCHITECTURE
proposed demolition
contributing
buildings
CONTRIBUTING BUILDINGS
SIGNIFICANT
•
The MEMORIAL CHAPEL (009
– 1952) [Neo-Colonial]
•
MORRILL HALL (040 – 1898;
remodeled 1994) survived
1912 conflagration, named
for Sen. Justin S Morrill of
Vermont (Morrill Land Grant
College Act of 1862 created
Maryland Agricultural College)
[Second Empire]
•
ROSSBOROUGH
INN
(080
– 1798/1804, restoration 1938)
[Georgian, Colonial Revival]
fig. hc-13a 016 baltimore hall
IMPORTANT
•
CALVERT HALL (015 – 1913;
renovated 1984) [Colonial
Revival]
Oldest
men’s
dormitory on Campus and first
building constructed following
1912 conflagration
•
BALTIMORE HALL (016 – 1920;
portico added 1946, renovated
1970, 1986), ANNE ARUNDEL
HALL (060 – 1937; renovated
1991) originally Dormitory
B now International House,
ST MARY’S HALL (062 –1932;
renovated 1987) originally
Margaret Brent Hall now
The Language House, HJ
PATTERSON HALL (073 – 1937;
addition
1967)
originally
nicknamed Stienberg Castle,
HOLZAPFEL HALL (074 –1932)
originally
the
Horticulture
Building [Colonial Revival]
•
HARFORD HALL (014 – 1944;
renovated
1982),
PRINCE
GEORGE’S HALL (021 –1944;
renovated 1976, 1984), KENT
1976, 1984), WASHINGTON HALL
“the Range” (023 – 1940;
renovated 1986), HOWARD HALL
(028 – 1940; renovated 1986),
FREDERICK HALL (029 – 1948;
renovated 1986), TALBOT HALL
(030 –1948; renovated 1984),
fig. hc-13b 017 cecil hall
fig.hc-13c 019 satelite central utilities building I
fig. hc-13e existing buildings and proposed demolition
fig. hc-13d 021 prince george’s hall
HC-13
contributing
buildings
fig. hc-14a 022 kent hall
ARCHITECTURE
fig. hc-14e 028 howard hall
fig. hc-14i 032 montgomery hall
fig. hc-14m 038 lefrak hall
fig. hc-14q 044 skinner building
•
fig. hc-14b 023 washington hall
fig. hc-14f 029 frederick hall
fig. hc-14j 034 jimenez hall
fig. hc-14n 040 morrill hall
fig. hc-14r 046 marie mount hall
fig. hc-14c 024 allegany hall
fig. hc-14g 030 talbot hall
fig. hc-14k 035 mckeldin library
fig. hc-14o 042 tydings hall
fig. hc-14s 047 woods hall
•
•
fig. hc-14d 025 charles hall
fig. hc-14h 031 garrett hall
fig. hc-14l 037 shoemaker building
fig. hc-14p 043 taliaferro hall
GARRETT HALL (031 –1948;
renovated 1984), MARIE MOUNT
1947, addition 1971, 1980)
originally the Home Economics
Building, then the Margaret
Brent Hall, WOODS HALL
(047 –1948), QUEEN ANNE’S
HALL (061 – 1949) originally
Dormitory
#3,
SOMERSET
HALL (063 –1949; renovated
1999) originally Dormitory
#2, SYMONS HALL (076 –1940;
addition 1948) originally the
south wing of the Entomology
Building then the Poultry
Building, MAIN ADMINISTRATION
BUILDING (077 – 1940; addition
1960,
renovation
1964),
RECKORD ARMORY (078 – 1944),
TURNER HALL (079 – 1923 in
International style; reclad
1940, renovation & addition
1964) former Dairy, [Colonial
Revival]
SHOEMAKER
BUILDING
(037
– 1932; renovation 1958)
formerly the Library, [Colonial
Revival - Greek]
LEFRAK HALL (038 – 1928;
addition 1946, renovation
and conversion to Social
Sciences
Building
1979,
renovation 1998) formerly a
Dining Hall on site of original
Barracks (1858-1912) and
Administration Building (187x1912), TALIAFERO HALL (043
–1909; addition 1962 following
razing of 1894 portion),
SKINNER HALL (044 – 1917;
renovated 1992) originally the
Agriculture Building, FRANCIS
SCOTT KEY HALL (048 – 1932;
addition 1939) originally the
Arts & Sciences Building
then the Engineering Building,
LABORATORY
(075
SHRIVER
– 1942; addition 1951) [NeoClassical]
NORTH GATE and GATEHOUSE
(299 – 1941; University seal
- 1995), SOUTH GATE (xxx
– 1941), CLASS OF 1910 GATE
(xxx – 1941), low walls (1941)
[Colonial Revival]
fig. hc-14t 048 francis scott key hall
HC-14
ARCHITECTURE
non-contributing
buildings
NON-CONTRIBUTING BUILDINGS
NEUTRAL
•
CECIL HALL (017 – 1959),
ALLEGANY HALL (024 – 1955;
renovated 1986), CHARLES HALL
(025 – 1955; renovated 1987),
MONTGOMERY HALL (032 –1955;
renovated 1987), JIMENEZ HALL
(034 – 1962; addition 1969),
WORCESTER HALL (051 – 1959),
MITCHELL BUILDING (052 – 1958)
originally Graduate School
& Administration Services /
North Administration Building,
JOURNALISM
BUILDING
(059
– 1957), DORCHESTER HALL (064
–1959; renovated 1991), LEE
BUILDING (071 – 1969) originally
the
South
Administration
/
Administration
Services
Building, HEALTH CENTER (140
– 1964; addition 1980) [NeoColonial]
•
MCKELDIN
LIBRARY
(035
– 1958, addition 1990), [NeoClassical Revival + minimal
Contemporary box]
•
TYDINGS HALL (042 – 1961),
[Neo-Classical Revival]
•
South addition to MARIE
MOUNT HALL (046 – 1971)
[Contemporary]
•
REGENTS’ DRIVE SECURITY BOOTH
(401 – 1999) [Traditional
Vernacular]
•
NORTH GATE SECURITY BOOTH
(xxx – 1985) [Traditional
Vernacular]
•
SOUTH
CAMPUS
COMMONS
BUILDINGS 3 (998 – 2002) and
4 (999 – 2003) [Traditional
Vernacular]
UNSYMPATHETIC
•
ANNAPOLIS HALL (008 – 1988) site
of original Ritchie Gymnasium
1924-86 [Neo-Colonial]
•
SATELLITE CENTRAL UTILITIES
BUILDING (SCUB) # I (019 –
1985) [minimal Contemporary]
•
Addition
to
MCKELDIN
LIBRARY (035 – 1990) fails
to follow existing building’s
organizational principles
•
Manner in which South
addition to MARIE MOUNT HALL
joins existing building (046
– 1971) [Contemporary]
fig. hc-15q 080 rossborough inn
fig. hc-15m 076 symons hall
fig. hc-15i 071 lee building
fig. hc-15e 061 queen anne’s hall
fig. hc-15a 051 worcester hall
fig. hc-15r 140 health center
fig. hc-15n 077 main administration building
fig. hc-15j 073 hj patterson building
fig. hc-15f 062 saint mary’s hall
fig. hc-15b 052 mitchell building
fig. hc-15s 998 south campus commons bldg 3
fig. hc-15o 078 reckord armory
fig. hc-15k 074 holzapfel hall
fig. hc-15g 063 somerset hall
fig. hc-15c 059 journalism building
fig. hc-15l 075 shriver laboratory
fig. hc-15h 064 dorchester hall
fig. hc-15d 060 anne arundel hall
fig. hc-15t 999 south campus commons bldg 4
fig. hc-15p 079 turner hall
building to be demolished
HC-15
fmp modifications
campus edges
knox road
lehigh road
ISSUES : URBAN DESIGN & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
ISSUES
Facilities
Master
Plan
Modifications to the District
fig. hc-16a south gate at lehigh road
fig. hc-16h scc dormitories along lehigh road
fig. hc-16j scc portal from campus
fig. hc-16n scc mews : east end
Proposals & Remedies : Urban
Design & Landscape Architecture
fig. hc-16e view to steeple from portal and lehigh road
fig. hc-16b scc building 3 above city of college park
fig. hc-16c scc building 3 at lehigh gate
fig. hc-16f lehigh road - se campus border
fig. hc-16d lehigh gate from bottom
fig. hc-16g lehigh gate from top
Modifications to this district in the
2001-2020 period are relatively
few: the insertion of a half-dozen
new buildings or major additions
and renovations to another six;
and landscape improvements,
ranging from space creation or
improvement to art, lighting and
furnishing issues and ecological
interventions.
fig. hc-16i lehigh road at charles hall plaza
fig. hc-16k service entries from knox road
fig. hc-16o scc mews : toward allegany hall
fig. hc-16l knox road toward west at campus edge
fig. hc-16p lehigh road at allegany hall plaza
fig. hc16m lehigh road toward west at charles hall
fig. hc-16q lehigh road : exposed transformer equipment
The Campus edge (along Knox
Road) (fig. X) should be developed
as part of a clear southern boundary:
recognition of opportunities to
develop a welcoming façade to the
community includes installation of
gateways and removal of service /
loading functions from street fronts.
The consistency of the architectural
expression of the new South
Campus
Commons
dormitory
buildings will help visually define
the Campus, both at pedestrian
and ærial levels.
Lehigh Road will be transformed
as part of the intra-campus shuttle
system from its current limitedaccess service vehicle pedestrian
route.
Entry plazas and front
yards should be developed for
each building bordering the street.
The shuttle route will continue past
Annapolis Hall to a new traffic circle
adjacent to the Memorial Chapel
fields, as further discussed in the
STREETS AND WALKS article.
The area south of Allegany and
Charles halls should be developed
into a pedestrian Mews for the
new South Campus Commons
dormitories. Front and rear entries
share this space, and clear defined
front and back yards should be
incorporated into the Mews design.
HC-16
botanical gardens
backyards
service yards
The botanical garden approach
has included a diversity of
landscape materials: this should
be expanded through careful
development of border, knee- and
waist-height plantings to demark
personally-scaled spaces, of
which the Campus is deficient.
The tree canopy should be raised,
especially with mature specimens
on the quadrangles, to allow
better appreciation of the space
contained by the structures.
fig. hc-17q jimanez hall north (rear) plaza
fig. hc-17m transformers behind calvert hall
fig. hc-17a mckeldin “bowl” towards st mary’s hall
fig. hc-17e lefrak hall plaza : front and back yard
fig. hc-17a rossborough inn : east entry to terrace
fig. hc-17v masonry bench in wall : baker garden
fig. hc-17r class of 1910 gate towards coliseum
fig. hc-17n mechanical equipment @ mitchell stairs
fig. hc-17j dumpsters @ morrill hall west entry
fig. hc-17f turner hall east dining terrace
fig. hc-17b rossborough inn dining terrace
fig. hc-17w gateway to baker garden : mckeldin mall
fig. hc-17s masonry bench in wall : st mary’s hall
fig. hc-17o masonry screen @ mitchell building
fig. hc-17k turner hall loading dock towards armory
fig. hc-17g annapolis hall south (rear) terrace
fig. hc-17c rossborough inn garden
fig. hc-17l shoemaker : fence-screen of equipment
fig. hc-17h rossborough inn service yard concealed
fig. hc-17d west chapel garden
fig. hc-17x end of wall : st mary’s hall
HC-17
engineering
intramural field
chapel field
fig. hc-18a founders’ (north) gate
fig. hc-18e axis to symons hall
fig. hc-18b class of 1910 gate
fig. hc-18f steeple beyond armory from founders gate
fig. hc-18m engineering intramural fields : recreation
fig. hc-18c rossborough inn entry
fig. hc-18g auto entry to turner hall parking lot c1
fig. hc-18n district boundary along baltimore avenue
fig. hc-18d south gate
fig. hc-18h montgomery hall entry terrace
fig. hc-18i west edge of enginnering fields
fig. hc-18k mathematics building dome above fields
fig. hc-18j engineering intramural and memorial chapel fields
fig. hc-18l intramural fields : student athletes
fig. hc-18o path beneath cherry trees @ mitchell bldg
The District edge along Baltimore
Avenue / US Route 1 is perhaps
the most clear boundary on
Campus: the low red brick walls
and ornamental gateways both
mark the border and confirm the
style and quality of the Historic
Core without being exclusionary.
Passersby are informed that they
are in the University precinct.
This system should be replicated
at poorly designated borders
throughout the Campus.
Gateways along this edge vary
from
monumental
(Founders’
Gate) to discrete (Rossborough
Inn) according to function, as set
a precedent for indivuality within
a system applicable for other
gateways to the Campus and
districts.
The potent imagry of lawns
surrounded by red brick campus
structures surmounted by the iconic
Chapel steeple and Mathematics
Building dome should be preserved
and maintained. Judicious siting
of new facilities and plantings will
complete the urban framework
pattern begun long ago. Expressed
connections with open spaces
across Baltimore Avenue will tie
the East District into the contiguous
campus.
fig. hc-18p mitchell building terrace
HC-18
The FMP proposes two major
modifications and one revision to
these open spaces: a storm-water
retention pond will be located
west of the White Bridge as part of
ecological improvements, and the
Intramural Fields are scheduled to
be leveled and repositioned.
A new building housing the Service
Learning Center is proposed
adjacent to South Gate (fig. x.x).
Two locations were discussed for
this facility: south (as indicated in
the plan) and north of Regents
Drive. Both sites have the potential
to create a more-highly defined
entry to the Campus, the south
site could be used for a park to
be shared with the City if the north
site is used to form a gateway of
buildings across Baltimore Avenue
in tandem with the Pocomoke
Building.
Provide a statue for the
base erected at the foot of
the Montgomery Hall terrace
to complete the South Gate
sequence
chapel field
storm water pond
south gate
statue base
fig. hc-19q service learning center site @ south gate
fig. hc-19m service learning center alternate site
fig. hc-19i potential gate with pocomoke hall @ rte 1
fig. hc-19e storm water retention / poor drainage
fig. hc-19a proposed strom water retention pond site
fig. hc-19r steeple and armory from engineering fields
fig. hc-19n turner hall dining terrace
fig. hc-19j rossborough inn complex
fig. hc-19f power plant stacks from chapel field
fig. hc-19b chapel field from couth gate
fig. hc-19u statue base @ montgomery hall
fig. hc-19s parking lot c1 @ turner hall
fig. hc-19o newly transplanted ginkos : color contrast
fig. hc-19k wall along us rte 1 @ rossborough inn
fig. hc-19g turner building skyline from chapel field
fig. hc-19c frat row and chapel field from steeple
fig. hc-19v atm kiosk @ armory
fig. hc-19t hedges concealing parking @ lot c1
fig. hc-19p vietnam vetrans’ memorial
fig. hc-19l rossborough inn well and dining terrace
fig. hc-19h lee hall from chapel field
fig. hc-19d chapel field from lee building
HC-19
washington quad
calvert quad
n-s processional
route
fig. hc-20a washington & calvert quads : 1950s
fig. hc-20e talbot plaza to west : lefrak hall
fig. hc-20l corridor between kent and talbot halls
fig. hc-20b aerial : washington & calvert quads
fig. hc-20f talbot plaza to nw : shoemaker hall
fig. hc-20m talbot hall and plaza
fig. hc-20c n-s processional route east of mckeldin mall
fig. hc-20g calvert quad towards calvert hall
fig. hc-20i north-south processional route
fig. hc-20d n-s processional route west of mckeldin mall
fig. hc-20h calvert quad towards kent hall
fig. hc-20j lehigh road @ allegany hall
fig. hc-18k alley behind calvert hall towards talbot hall
Development of a North-South
processional route (fig. X)
through the District, connecting
Hornbake Plaza with the proposed
gates along Knox Road. Spaces
to be created or improved
include: the quadrangle south of
the HJ Patterson Building, the
transformation of the parking /
service yard between Francis Scott
Key-Taliaferro and Woods-Skinner
Halls into a pedestrian plaza,
the development of a pedestrian
corridor along the southern border
of Morrill Quad connecting with
Talbot Hall, and the creation of a
mews behind Allegany Hall.
fig. hc-18n corridor between talbot and garrett halls
fig. hc-18p calvert hall terrace
fig. hc-18o talbot south plaza towards kent hall
fig. hc-18q clavert quad from steeple
HC-20
washington quad
calvert quad
entries to Washington Quad
The recreational aspects of
Washington Quad (figs. X,x)
should be re-established or the
space should be re-landscaped to
strengthen the community.
Calvert Quad
fig. hc-21q prince george’s-cecil hall stairs
fig. hc-21m steeple from washington quad
fig. hc-21i baltimore-howard hall arch
fig. hc-21e washington-baltimore hall arch
fig. hc-21a aerial : washington quad toward harford hall
fig. hc-21r calvert hall and quad
fig. hc-21n washington quad towards prince george’s hall
fig. hc-21j howard hall terrace
fig. hc-21f baltimore hall terrace and stairs : south view
fig. hc-21b monumental stair plaza
fig. hc-21s unscreened transformer behind calvert hall
fig. hc-21o washington hall and quad
fig. hc-21k cecil-kent hall stair to calvert quad
fig. hc-21g baltimore hall terrace : north view
fig. hc-21c monumental stair terrace
fig. hc-21d monumental stair paving and wall detail
HC-21
fs key auditorium
plaza
woods courtyard
west chapel garden
fig. hc-22a fs key-talliaferro hall west facade
fig. hc-22e parking lot w @ talliaferro-woods halls
fig. hc-22h fs key auditorium plaza
fig. hc-22b woods hall west courtyard
fig. hc-220c parking lot w from mckeldin mall
fig. hc-22d fence-screen for equipment : shoemaker
fig. hc-22f morrill quad - memorial chapel diagram
fig. hc-22g lefrak hall playground
fig. hc-22i foot / bike path worn next to steps : lefrak
The parking lot west of Memorial
Chapel (fig. X) is convenient for
weddings and other celebrations:
it should be landscaped to provide
shade and screening so as to
minimize it’s intrusion in this area.
Woods Hall courtyard (fig. X) is
a prime example of a semi-private
Backyard space available for use
by the students, faculty and staff.
The coolong towers for Marie
Mount Hall (fig. X) should be
concealed from Chapel Drive.
The service yards (fig. X) of
Woods and Marie Mount halls
should be screened from McKeldin
Mall and Chapel Drive.
fig. hc-22j skinner hall plaza
fig. hc-22n marie mount cooling towers
fig. hc-22k parking lot w : skinner-m mount halls
fig. hc-22o parking lot y behind memorial chapel
fig. hc-22l woods hall service yard
fig. hc-22p bush & tree screen for parking at lot c1
fig. hc-22r west chapel and walled garden
fig. hc-22m gateway from parking lot w to mckeldin mall
fig. hc-22q hedge screen for parking at lot c1
fig. hc-22s west chapel garden @ convocation ‘03
HC-22
morrill quad
The Morrill Quad (fig. X)
through landscape improvements
emphasizing the southern border,
clearing
obstructive
eye-level
planting from the center of the
plaza, raising the tree canopy,
utilizing the overlook capabilities
astride Morrill Hall, and relating
the early history of the University.
A visual corridor connecting
the Architecture Building with the
Chapel steeple (fig. X) should be
strengthened by the installation of
a pathway.
fig. hc-23n view towards sw district
fig. hc-23j view towards anne arundel hall
fig. hc-23o morrill hall west facade and parking
fig. hc-23k bushes obscure center of quad
fig. hc-23p campus at morrill quad : 1921
fig. hc-23l low tree canopy
fig. hc-23q tydings hall south plaza
fig. hc-23m morrill hall plaza
fig. hc-23h view towards hj patterson cupola
fig. hc-23e view towards hj patterson across mall
fig. hc-23a aerial : morrill quad 1926
fig. hc-23b chapel steeple from morrill quad
fig. hc-23f morrill quad
fig. hc-23i lefrak hall entry plaza
fig. hc-23g original campus plaza behind shoemaker
fig. hc-23c morrill quad gate
fig. hc-23d early campus plaza plaque
HC-23
mckeldin mall
west end “bowl”
dormitory terraces
fig. hc-24i st mary’s hall terrace
fig. hc-24e aerial : mCkeldin mall beyond armory
fig. hc-24e dorchester hall south plaza
fig. hc-24b “bowl” west of mCkeldin library
fig. hc-24f
fig. hc-24c mCkeldin mall west section towards library
fig. hc-24g holzapfel hall plaza overlooking mall
fig. hc-24j mCkeldin mall and axis plan
fig. hc-22d anne arundel hall south elevation and cupola
fig. hc-22h mCkeldin “bowl” towards st mary’s hall
fig. hc-22k mckeldin “bowl” towards dormitories
fig. hc-22l masonry bench in wall : st mary’s hall
fig. hc-24n wall termination : st mary’s hall
fig. hc-24p hj patterson quad from mCkeldin mall
fig. hc-22m hj patterson south facade and terrace
fig. hc-22o maintenance vehicle along mall sidewalk
fig. hc-22q terrapin statue at mCkeldin library
HC-24
MCKELDIN MALL (fig. X) has been
transformed through the 1950and 60-era construction of the
Western portion of the Mall and
the addition of the Ο∆Κ fountain.
Unlike earlier buildings, building
entries do not align across the
Mall, and the entrance hemicycles
do not correlate with the primary
entrances. Tree planting patterns
and species on the western portion
do not match the eastern. The
fountain is not integrated into
the Mall other than by sidewalks.
Careful evaluation and design
should be exercised to correct
these deficiencies in one of the
prime spaces of the Campus.
Proposed
buildings
have
the opportunity to assist in
strengthening or creating exterior
spaces which contribute to the daily
life and personal experience of the
Campus community. In particular:
the addition to McKeldin Library
and the adjacent new dormitories
should transform the natural
bowl east of Anne Arundel Hall
into an amphitheatre (fig. X), the
International and Graduate centers
join the complex of administration
buildings surrounding Reckord
Armory (fig. X), and the proposed
Service Learning Center (N53)
should contribute to the edge of the
Campus as well as the MEMORIAL
CHAPEL LAWN (fig. X).
There is a wide assortment of
public and semi-private spaces as
well as planted and built details
adjacent to McKeldin Mall, which
should be emulated throughout
other districts.
fig. hc-25j mCkeldin plaza
mckeldin mall
east end
class of ‘65 sundial
Ο∆Κ fountain
fig. hc-25q library terrace
fig. hc-25m entry to baker garden along allée
fig. hc-25i mCkeldin mall and axis plan
fig. hc-25e student actors & audience on library terrace
fig. hc-25a mCkeldin mall ciew towards steeple
fig. hc-25r mCkeldin mall : west end slopes
fig. hc-25n stair to baker garden
fig. hc-25j class of ‘65 sundial
fig. hc-25f mCkeldin mall first look fair
fig. hc-25b low tree canopy along allée
fig. hc-25s masonry bench @ pierson garden
fig. hc-25o seating area in baker garden
fig. hc-25k Ο∆Κ fountain from sundial
fig. hc-25g Ο∆Κ fountain during first look fair
fig. hc-25c symons plaza along allée
fig. hc-25t september 11 memorial garden
fig. hc-23p entry to fs key auditorium plaza
fig. hc-25l Ο∆Κ insignia on fountain
fig. hc-25h mCkeldin mall towards main administration
fig. hc-25d walkway within the allée
HC-25
hj patterson quad
fig. hc-26a aerial : symons - hj patterson axis
fig. hc-26e hj patterson cupola from bus transfer area
fig. hc-26i cupola nearly obscured by health center roof
fig. hc-26l cupola axis west prior to construction
fig. hc-26p axis to hj patterson at shriver lab
fig. hc-26b aerial : symons - hj patterson axis : 1950s
fig. hc-26f hornbake plaza on n-s route
fig. hc-26j hj patterson plaza towards hornbake library
fig. hc-26m symons garden : view towards holzapfel
fig. hc-26q gateway to symons-holzapfel garden
fig. hc-26c aerial : n-s processional route to hornbake
fig. hc-26g hj patterson-symons hall axis
fig. hc-26n symons garden : view towards symons
fig. hc-26r parking lot from garden at symons hall
fig. hc-26d day and night sculpture
fig. hc-26h night and day sculpture in snow - consoli
fig. hc-26o symons hall rear (west) facade
fig. hc-26s gateway to symons garden
fig. hc-26k maintenance vehicle on sidewalk
The axial connection between the
primary entries of Symons Hall
and the HJ Patterson Building
(fig. X) should be developed as
a landscaped corridor. Service
functions should be relocated and
screened, and parking removed to
neighboring garages.
Backyard
functions should be introduced, and
the green space adjacent to the
Mall incorporated into the corridor.
The
Multi-media
Instructional
Center (N28) replacing Shriver
Laboratory should contribute to this
axial connection.
Spaces along Campus Drive
(figs. X, w-xa) should be modified
to strengthen front yard / entry
qualities,
especially
for
the
dormitories. Primary entries into
the District should be highlighted,
secondary / service ones screened
and de-emphasized.
The addition to the Health Center
should be consolidated so that
the height does not exceed the
current building: an East-West
axis exists between the cupolas of
HJ Patterson Building and UMUC
(fig. hc-24i, 24l) visible from the
proposed Western Mall. It should
be preserved.
HC-26
front yards
The front and back yards of each
building should be improved. In
general, almost every building
has a plaza in front of the primary
entrance with seating restricted to
low walls; few buildings have semiprivate space – a Backyard – for
informal gatherings of students and
/ or faculty. The courtyard of Woods
Hall (fig. X) should be taken as a
model for these backyard spaces.
Service / loading functions should
be gathered and screened; in any
case, they should be removed
from locations adjacent to the
primary entrance to a building
or along primary pedestrian
routes.
fig. hc-27q rossborough inn
fig. hc-27m memorial chapel upper terrace
fig. hc-27i main administration plaza paving extention
fig. hc-27e dumpster @ shoemaker front entry
fig. hc-27a memorial chapel terraces and stairs
fig. hc-27r queen anne hall
fig. hc-27n flagpole plaza @ reckord armory
fig. hc-27j mckeldin library terraces
fig. hc-27f lefrak hall north plaza
fig. hc-27b memorial chapel staircase
fig. hc-27s montgomery hall terrace
fig. hc-27o lecture for visitors’ center @ turner hall
fig. hc-27k library terraces with actors and audience
fig. hc-27g sommerset hall terrace @ mckeldin mall
fig. hc-27c tydings hall south plaza
fig. hc-27p reckord armory steps
fig. hc-27l washington hall yard and walk on quad
fig. hc-27h skinner hall plaza
fig. hc-27d marie mount plaza on mckeldin mall
HC-27
campus
development
ISSUES : ARCHITECTURE
Proposals
&
Architecture
fig. hc-28e rossborough inn (1870s)
fig. hc-27e rossborough inn
fig. hc-28b administration building (1856-1912)
fig. hc-27f calvert hall (c 1930’s)
fig. hc-28c barracks (1856-1912)
fig. hc-27g dairy / turner hall (1924)
fig. hc-28d morrill hall (c 1930’s)
fig. hc-27h turner hall (1936)
fig. hc-28i college park fire station
fig. hc-28m mckeldin library : new and old
Remedies
:
The western portion of McKeldin
Mall is surrounded by dormitory
buildings along the crest of a
natural bowl: the FMP proposes
the insertion of two additional
dormitories and an addition to the
Library enclosing an amphitheatre.
Iconic or landmark structures have
been established in this District:
none of the proposed buildings
or additions should draw undue
attention to themselves, but rather,
contribute to the overall feeling of
the district (fig. x).
fig. hc-28n marie mount hall addition and original
fig. hc-28o juncture new and old @ marie mount : east
fig. hc-28l turner hall loading dock from armory
fig. hc-28p juncture old and new @ marie mount : west
HC-28
ISSUES : ARCHITECTURE
Nearly every building in this
District follows Colonial Revival
principles of design; exceptions
include Morrill Hall and the
additions to Marie Mount Hall and
McKeldin Library. It is strongly
recommended that new buildings
and additions should carefully
respond to and be sympathetic
with the context in massing, forms,
organization, and materials.
The only building scheduled to be
replaced is Shriver Laboratory
(075). The proposed Multimedia
Instructional Center (N28) should
contribute to the District edge
along Campus Drive as well as the
pedestrian corridor from Symons
to HJ Patterson halls, and the HJ
Patterson plaza.
fig. hc-29q ganged windows : reckord armory
fig. hc-29s old and new cornerstones : annapolis hall
architectural
details
fig. hc-29m porch : worcester hall
fig. hc-29i terrace : dorchester hall
fig. hc-29e porch detail : symons hall
fig. hc-29a cupola : hj patterson hall
fig. hc-29n renovated porch : turner hall
fig. hc-29j stoop : queen anne hall
fig. hc-29f portico detail : skinner hall
fig. hc-29b cupola and chimneys : anne arundel hall
fig. hc-29o railing and step detail : turner hall
fig. hc-28k pergola : turner hall
fig. hc-29p fire escape : morrill hall
fig. hc-28l arcade : rossborough inn
fig. hc-29g athletes on reckord armory stairs
fig. hc-29h student on armory stairs
fig. hc-29c scc building 3 with hyphen and portal
fig. hc-29d portal : scc buildings 3 & 4
HC-29
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
True to its name, the HISTORIC CORE DISTRICT
bears the psychic heart and soul of the
Campus: the prime image of the University
of Maryland is determined by the tree-lined
quadrangles surrounded by individual redbrick Colonial Revival structures reminiscent
of Maryland’s past. Sound design decisions
through the years have created a verdant,
tranquil campus. In the Historic Core, the
University’s built and planted legacy should
be preserved and strengthened. Additional
landscaped spaces should be developed
to better interconnect the adjacent districts
and provide visual way-finding clues
throughout the Campus. New buildings and
additions should contribute to and support
the perceived architectural character. The
Campus edges should be defined, not to
exclude, but rather to acknowledge that one
is entering a special place and to extend
welcome to visitors and constituents alike.
HC-30

historic core district - University of Maryland

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