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Novell Corporate Presentation Template 2014
Novell Open Enterprise Server 2015 and Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 ® Compare and Contrast: John A. Clark James Johnatakis Lothar Wegner Storage Engineer IBM, Inc. jaclark@us.ibm.com Network Engineer Taos, Inc. jjohnatakis@taos.com SE Manager, Northeast Region Novell lwegner@novell.com Agenda 2 • What is Open Enterprise Server • Differences between OES and Windows Server • Reasons for the differences between OES and Windows Server • Design differences • What’s in store for OES • Summary © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. What is Open Enterprise Server Novell ’s History of File and Print ® NetWare® 4 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. The evolution of NetWare to Open Enterprise Server Management Remote Access Print Services File Services Directory Services Operating System 5 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. Operating System Novell Open Enterprise Server Services ® Filr QuickFinder Clustering and High Availability iPrint eDirectory Dynamic Storage Technology Domain Services for Windows 6 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. Multi-Protocol Support Novell Storage Services (NSS) Differences Between Novell Open Enterprise Server (OES) 2015 and Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 ® Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 is Designed for Applications • Optimized as a single user application platform – No “clean slate” design in any generation – Maximum backward compatibility to MS-DOS – Rebooting is necessary to keep system running well – 8 For services and registry entries © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. Novell Open Enterprise Server 2015 is Designed for Networking ® • Optimized as a multiple user server platform – “Clean slate” architecture in almost every generation – Very little backward compatibility to previous versions – Rebooting the system is rarely needed for system operation – 9 Changes can be performed dynamically with stability © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. Windows for Workgroups was a Networking Add-on by Microsoft No “clean slate” design Backward compatibility is Microsoft’s main design goal – Can be workstation AND server Uses a peer to peer networking architecture Designed for the end user – 10 Little training needed to administer network © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Task Manager 11 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. Novell OES 2015 was Designed from the Ground Up for Networking ® • Maximum “clean slate” design • Network services optimization is Novell’s main goal – • Uses a mainframe networking architecture • Designed for a trained professional to manage – 12 Built as a server only Training is required to administer Novell OES 2015 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. Novell OES 2015 Optimizes Services ® • Optimizing networking services is the main goal – NetWare 2 was 16 bit operating system (OS) for 80286 ® – – NetWare 3 was 32 bit OS written from ground up for 80386 – NetWare 4 was eDirectory X.500 design – NetWare 5 was TCP/IP written into core OS – NetWare 6 added web services – Open Enterprise Server for Linux is Novell Linux Services – 13 Not based on MS-DOS NetWare services recoded and ported to Linux with 64 bit code © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Emphasizes Backward Compatibility • Optimizing backward compatibility is the main goal – Windows for Workgroups was not “clean slate” – – Windows NT Server was a 32 bit implementation of Workgroup for Windows – – Built on MS-DOS (16 bit operating system) Domains were added Windows 2000 Server added TCP/IP – Still uses NetBEUI encapsulated in IP – Added space restrictions – Added Active Directory – Domain Name System (DNS) writ large – 14 Not a “clean slate” directory service © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. NetBEUI Encapsulated in IP 15 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. 16 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. Microsoft DNS Required for Active Directory on Windows Server 2012 R2 18 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 is Windows for Workgroups on Steroids • Domains were added to Microsoft Windows for Workgroups with Microsoft NT – Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 is the latest shipping version of NT – Windows Server 2012 R2 is an excellent application platform – Rebooting frequently is necessary for system to run smoothly – Continues to use peer to peer networking model – Requires little training for administration – There has never been a “clean slate” revamping of Microsoft Windows – 19 Backward compatibility is still highest design priority © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. Novell OES 2015 is Optimized for Serving ® • Novell is dedicated to supporting ALL clients – This allows Novell to focus on engineering for: – Reliability – Performance – Ease of Administration – NetWare 2 optimized for performance and administration – NetWare 3 optimized for reliability ® – NOT backward compatible with NetWare 2 – Server oriented administration – Introduced dynamically loaded modules – 20 No rebooting required © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. Novell OES 2015 is Optimized for Serving (Continued) ® • NetWare 4 optimized for single point administration ® – Network oriented administration – – eDirectory™ – • NOT backward compatible with bindery NetWare 5 optimized TCP/IP – Administrator required setup of ALL hosts – – No “automatic” network communication “Native” Novell Core Protocol (NCP) calls – 21 No logging in to individual servers No encapsulation of IPX © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. File Systems Comparison • • 22 Novell OES 2015 file systems are always shared ® – Entire file system – For servers only Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 file systems have to be manually shared – Individual folders – For workstations and servers © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. 23 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. Network Services Contrast Novell OES is a dedicated server ® 24 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. Microsoft Windows is a workstation and a server 25 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. Security Differences Novell OES uses true inheritance for security ® Microsoft Windows uses copy from the parent 26 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. 27 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. Server Users • Novell Open Enterprise Server 2015 has no concept of a local user ® – Only eDirectory™ login needed – • Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 needs a local user – Workstation user – 28 No individual server login Local logon © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. Directories Novell eDirectory™ allows trees to be merged and partitioned. Partitions can be replicated. ® Microsoft Active Directory does NOT allow forests to be merged. AD does NOT allow trees to be partitioned. Trees can be replicated, but 100% of database must be copied. 29 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. Novell OES 2015 and Microsoft Windows 2012 R2 ® Reasons for Differences Novell Open Enterprise Server (OES) 2015 was Designed from a Mainframe Model ® • Mainframe model – – Central point of administration – File system – Printing – Other resources Security defaults to “locked down” status – – Training required for administrators – – No user access by default Administrator must grant access to resources Network connectivity is custom configured – Administrator must install and configure network access – 31 No automatic network connectivity © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. Mainframe Model Advantages and Disadvantages • • Advantages – Efficient administration – Maximum security – Scales for growth – Customized for particular IT needs Disadvantages – Training is required for administrators – Planning is required for initial install and upgrades – No automatic configuration – 32 No “One size fits all” © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. Microsoft Windows 2012 R2 was Designed from a Workgroup Model • Peer to peer model – Distributed points of administration – – 33 – File system – Printing – Other resources Security defaults to access for everyone – • Server to server ALL users have access by default No administrator training expected © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. Peer to Peer Model Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages – – Little or no training is needed for administrators No need for planning for initial install and upgrades – automatic configuration – Install 2 or more PCs with Microsoft Windows – 34 Instant peer to peer connectivity between PCs © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. Disadvantages – Inefficient administration – Minimum security – Doesn’t scale easily – “One size fits all” Knowing the Design Differences Between Novell OES 2015 and Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Helps You ® Security Philosophies • Allow all except – Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 – Built on a workgroup design – All users can access all resources by default – • Deny all except – Novell OES 2015 ® – Built on mainframe security model – No users can access any resources by default – 36 Administrator can restrict access Administrator can enable access © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. 37 © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. Shared File Systems • Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 – • – Each individual folder must be shared manually – No user shares exist by default – Copy down (hierarchy) can be used to determine user permissions – All user access allowed by default – Administrator can restrict shared file system access Novell OES 2015 ® – 38 File System Shares Novell Storage Services (NSS) – Entire file system is shared automatically – Inheritance can be used to determine user file system access – No user access allowed by default – Administrator enables access through inheritance © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. Directory Database Designs Greatest Difference between OES 2015 and Windows 2012 R2 • Novell OES 2015 ® – eDirectory™ – Stable and mature (20 years old) – Designed for performance and redundancy – – Partitions break up database for quicker object access – Replicas provide fault tolerance Flexible – Easy to reconfigure structure – – 39 Merging of trees allowed Created to move leaf and container objects easily – Attributes stay with object – No loss of attributes by reconfiguration © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. Directory Database Designs (Continued) Greatest Difference between OES 2015 and Windows 2012 R2 • Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 – Active Directory – Less mature (14 years old) – Designed for backward compatibility with domains – Directory copies are 100% of the database – – Puts extra strain on server resources for lookups, etc. Less flexible – Difficult to reconfigure structure – – Forest merges are not possible Not easy to move leaf and container objects – Attributes stay with object’s original location in tree ~ 40 Can lose attributes by reconfiguration © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. Administration Techniques • Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 – • Server by server administration – Administration tools are installed by default on server (not workstation) – Local login to server required for administration Novell OES 2015 ® – Single point administration – Administration is performed from the workstation – Login to directory only is required for administrator – 41 No server login needed © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. What’s in Store for OES? Open Enterprise Server Today Identity • • 43 eDirectory LUM Access Protocols Data Management Services • NCP • DFS • AFP • DST • FTP • SMS • SMB v1 • Migration File System Clustering • NSS • • NLVM • RAID © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. NCS Open Enterprise Server 2015 Identity • • • 44 eDirectory LUM Active Directory Access Protocols Data Management Services • NCP • DFS • AFP • DST • FTP • SMS • SMB v1 & v2 • Migration File System Clustering • NSS > 8 TB • • NLVM • RAID © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. NCS Summary: Differences in Novell OES 2015 and Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 ® Summary Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 and Novell® OES 2015 • • Come from opposite ends of the security spectrum – Novell: Deny all except – Microsoft: Allow all except Have completely different design goals – – 46 Microsoft: Peer to peer network – Backward compatibility – Workgroup management Novell: Mainframe (data center) equivalent – Security – Administration © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. Summary (continued) Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 and Novell® OES 2015 • • Have opposite methods of sharing file systems – Novell: NSS entire file system shared automatically – Microsoft: Directories must be shared manually Are administered differently – Microsoft: Server by server administration – – Novell: Single point administration – 47 Local logon required Network login through eDirectory © Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. This document could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes are periodically made to the information herein. These changes may be incorporated in new editions of this document. Novell, Inc. may make improvements in or changes to the software described in this document at any time. Copyright © 2011 Novell, Inc. All rights reserved. All Novell marks referenced in this presentation are trademarks or registered trademarks of Novell, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All third-party trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
