Youth possibilities to work abroad Bachelor thesis
Transcription
Youth possibilities to work abroad Bachelor thesis
Youth possibilities to work abroad ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank Mrs. Zdislava Kratochvílová for providing valuable advice and patience with me. I would like to thank my friends Aneta Podzimková and Darina Šišková and other friends and family for their support while my studies and also during writing my thesis. 2 College of Polytechnics Jihlava Youth possibilities to work abroad Bachelor thesis Project supervisor: Author: Zdislava Kratochvílová Lenka Semorádová Jihlava 2009 3 ABSTRACT The aim of my bachelor thesis is the familiarization with the work possibilities abroad for young people and their summary. My thesis is focusing on opportunities in Europe as well as the other side of the ocean.” I allude to volunteer projects, internships and different kinds of work programs like Work and travel in America, working in New Zealand and so on. I have atteched the list with addresses of different agencies and possibilities how to find the work abroad. ABSTRAKT Cílem mojí bakalářské práce je seznámení s pracovními možnostmi pro mladé lidi a jejich shrnutí. Moje práce se zaměřuje na možnosti v Evropě a také na druhé straně oceánu. Zmiňuji se o dobrovolnických projektech, stážích a různých pracovních programů jako Work and travel in America, práce na Novém Zélandě a další. Přiložila jsem seznam adres agentur a možnosti, jak najít práci v zahraničí. Keywords Volunteering, travel, project, workcamp, mid-term volunteering, Glen, long-term volunteering, EVS, the work in EU, au-pair, Educare USA, Work and travel, visa, placement, my own experience, camp USA, programme summary, eligibility, working in Canada, working in New Zealand, working in Australia, internship 4 LENKA SEMORÁDOVÁ, 2009 5 I declare that I have been working independently using the literature and Internet sources, which are listed at the end of the thesis and according to my own knowledge. Unless otherwise stated, the pictures and text are my own work. ……………………………………... In Prague, 21.5.09 6 1 Introduction In these days it is very popular among young people to travel abroad and have some work experiences from foreign countries. Only few years ago it was unimaginable to choose a country to go to and just go and do whatever you want. After the fall of communism and after we joined the European Union, many things have changed. I can say that we are the first generation, which can work anywhere, from Europe to America, Australia, worldwide. I have worked a few times abroad, in Europe and also in America and that´s why I have chosen this topic. I would like to summarize the job opportunities for young peaple abroad. This is amplified by my own experience. 7 CONTENTS ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................4 ABSTRAKT .................................................................................................................4 Keywords ......................................................................................................................4 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................7 1 Volunteering abroad ........................................................................................ 11 1.1 The introduction ............................................................................................... 11 1.2 Short-term workcamps ...................................................................................... 12 1.2.1 Why to go on workcamp? .............................................................................. 13 1.2.2 My own experience ....................................................................................... 13 1.3 MTV (Mid-term Volunteering: 1-3 months ....................................................... 14 1.3.1 GLEN – Global Education Network of Young Europeans ............................. 14 1.3.2 Activities of GLEN ....................................................................................... 15 1.3.3 The objectives of GLEN ................................................................................ 15 1.3.4 The vision of GLEN ...................................................................................... 16 1.4 LTV (Long-term Volunteering): ....................................................................... 17 1.4.1 Different projects: ......................................................................................... 17 1.4.2 What is the difference from workcamp? ........................................................ 18 1.4.3 Following organizations offering long term volunteering opportunities: ........ 18 1.5 The example of long-term volunteering ............................................................ 19 1.6 What is a European voluntary service projet( Evs)? ..........................................21 1.6.1 The European database on EVS accredited organisations............................... 22 2 The work in EU ................................................................................................ 24 2.1 Your rights ....................................................................................................... 24 3 Au-pair ............................................................................................................. 27 3.1 The definition ................................................................................................... 27 3.2 EduCare in USA ............................................................................................... 28 8 3.3 Who is an aupair? ............................................................................................. 28 3.4 Aupair, aupair plus and Mother‟s help .............................................................. 29 3.1 What should you expect as an au-pair?............................................................ 29 3.2 Typical AuPair Duties & Responsibilities ......................................................... 30 3.3 My own experience........................................................................................... 31 4 The Work and Travel USA ............................................................................... 32 4.1 About the programme ....................................................................................... 32 4.2 Visa .................................................................................................................. 33 4.3 Placement ......................................................................................................... 33 4.4 What you can expect from the agency ............................................................... 34 4.5 My own experience........................................................................................... 35 5 Camp USA ....................................................................................................... 37 5.1 The cousellors................................................................................................... 37 5.2 The Programme summary ................................................................................. 38 5.3 Camp Type Descriptions ................................................................................... 40 5.3.1 Agency Camp................................................................................................ 40 5.3.2 Day Camp ..................................................................................................... 40 5.3.3 Family Camp................................................................................................. 41 5.3.4 Girl scout camp ............................................................................................. 41 5.3.5 Private Camp................................................................................................. 41 5.3.6 Religious Camp ............................................................................................. 41 5.3.7 Special Needs Camp ...................................................................................... 42 5.3.8 Underprivileged Camp .................................................................................. 42 6 Working in Canada ........................................................................................... 43 6.1 Student Work Abroad Program (SWAP) ........................................................... 43 6.2 Are you eligible? ............................................................................................. 44 7 Working in Australia ........................................................................................ 45 7.1 Student visa conditions ..................................................................................... 46 7.2 Getting permission to work ............................................................................... 46 7.3 Types of work for international students ........................................................... 47 9 7.4 Tax returns ....................................................................................................... 47 8 Working in New Zealand .................................................................................. 49 8.1 The types of visa ............................................................................................... 49 9 Internships: ....................................................................................................... 51 9.1 The internships are in sunrise industries: ........................................................... 51 10 How to find a job? ............................................................................................ 53 10.1 Look for job online ........................................................................................... 54 10.2 Jobs By Email ................................................................................................... 54 10.3 Jobseeker registration ....................................................................................... 54 10.4 How to look for a job? ...................................................................................... 55 10.5 Why is advantegous to work abroad? ................................................................ 55 10.6 What you should not forget before you go? ....................................................... 56 The summary .............................................................................................................. 57 The citations: ............................................................................................................... 58 THE SOURCES: ......................................................................................................... 61 BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................... 62 THE APPENDICES, ATTECHMENTS ......................................................................63 1 Temporary restrictions for Czech republic ................................................................ 63 2 Employment agency in Europe ................................................................................. 65 3 Agencies offering jobs(ranged by country). ............................................................. 73 4Tourism and seasonal work ....................................................................................... 84 Interships and Practical training ................................................................................... 86 10 1 Volunteering abroad 1.1 The introduction Volunteering abroad programmes are an exciting way to learn about a new culture, meet new people, and make a positive impact on a community needing it. The volunteer will not only feel good, but the others too! Getting involved with one of the meaningful projects, will change the way participant look at travel and the world… forever.The work of volunteers is diverse: from sustainable agriculture to environmental protection, in nature reserves, in refugee camps, taking part in the organization of cultural festivals, helping the elderly and orphans, to preserving archaeological sites. International volunteer placement opportunities can further your career goals or be based on personal interests. The board and lodging are fully provided by the host organization, and the participant doesnot have to pay for it, in short, middle and long-terms. The picture number: 1 The source: http://www.crossculturalsolutions.org/media-center/photo- galleries/tanzania.aspx 11 1.2 Short-term workcamps Workcamps are a favorite form of exploring of foreign countries around the world and favorite form of participation in public interest projects abroad.They last from two to three weeks having from five to twenty usually young participants from different countries,who live and work together, in the country, where the workcamp takes place. There are no more than two volunteers of any one nationality The purpose of Workcamps is not only work, but also to establish closer contact with other volunteers and get to know their culture. Participants have guaranteed accommodation and food, they arrange for themselves transportation to the project. „Accommodations vary widely, but usually volunteers share the same living space in community building, doing all their own cleaning and food preparation on a rotating basis.“(1) „The accommodations vary from one project to another. The volunteers usually stay in buildings of the local communities, forest departments, schools, etc.“(2) Plan on working approximately 5 hours per day. „ The diference between the part-time job and the work in workcamps is easy. The work in a workcamp is unpaid, but the part-time job is always paid. The Offer of INEXSDA includes around 2 000 Work camps all over the world each year. Workcamps are open to anyone from the age 18 and up although the volunteer's average ages are from 18 to 28, any volunteers who speak English are welcomed (now they opened projects for 15-year-old candidates ).“ (3) 12 1.2.1 Why to go on workcamp? Working voluntarily on a charity project within an international group of young people is a major challenge through which you can learn so much about yourself. You will test your cooperation with completely different people coming from different part of the world. Having a volunteer experience as a part of your resume will improve unquestionably your chances when applying for a job. Most employers value volunteering experience, if you went somewhere like this, it means, that you are committed, flexible, patient and able to work in the team. The participation can help you in your study or proffesional realization.For example: a biology student may observe and protect endangered species in nature reserves.“Also, it is really affordable travel! All you have to pay is the travel costs to the workcamp place and back and small inscription fee. Taking part in a volunteer program is undoubtedly learning experience. You will learn a new language, and become acquainted with new cultures and new ways of life. Participating in a workcamp gives you the opportunity to be part of an international group, to live and work together with people of about the same age coming from all over the world. In a workcamp you can have such an inspiring time and fun!“(4) 1.2.2 My own experience I have participated in the workcamps in Portugal and Germany. I really love doing something meaningful and also to be part of an international group. We were organizing an international festival near Bremen in Germany and repairng castle near Moura in Portugal. I can only recommend these opportunities, I know a man, who has been in workcamps 35 times and he is not still fully satisfied and wants to continue. 13 1.3 MTV (Mid-term Volunteering: 1-3 months 1.3.1 GLEN – Global Education Network of Young Europeans „GLEN is a program of global education development.GLEN is a joint non-profit, politically independent initiative of eleven organisations from old and new member states of the European Union: Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. Participants, who successfully complete a selection process, will go through two international weekly seminar, after which will be ready to work at least three months in non-profit organization in a developing country. They are involved in implementing or they run activities in the field of global development education after returning from the project in a developing country. Participation in the program is paid volunteers. GLEN operates in 11 countries in the European Union and is based on the cooperation of NGOs 11. The specific role played by the German organization Inwent gGmbH / ASA program, which selects the participants to pair with other volunteers from 10 countries participating in the program. GLEN aims at contributing to a better understanding of global interdependency, fair and sustainable ways of living, to a responsible development policy and to North-South relations based upon equal partnership and mutual respect.“(5) Definition of Global Education by the North South Centre of the Council of Europe (2002): “Global Education is education that opens people's eyes and minds to the realities of the world, and awakens them to bring about a world of greater justice, equity and human rights for all. Global Education is understood to encompass Development Education, Human Rights Education, Education for Sustainability, Education for Peace and Conflict Prevention and Intercultural Education; being the global dimensions of Education for Citizenship.” (6) 14 1.3.2 Activities of GLEN „GLEN offers an advanced training and experience program for young European global education multipliers. This program consists of training seminars, a 3 month internship in the Global South and awareness raising and global education activities in Europe. GLEN builds connections between people and organisations working in global education in Europe and provides them with spaces for creative exchange and for developing 1.3.3 new ideas together. The mission of GLEN: The objectives of GLEN to build capacities of young Europeans for work in development co-operation and global education to contribute to more awareness in the European society of issues of global development and interdependency between the life of people in Europe and developing and/or transition countries to connect people and organisations working in the field of global education in different European countries, to provide them with spaces for creative exchange and for developing new ideas together to contribute to European integration, particularly concerning the relationships between old and new EU member countries“(5) 15 1.3.4 The vision of GLEN Global Interdependence. „We are living in a extremely interdependent world. By movements of people and goods everybody is connected with far away people and regions. Our daily choices what we eat or wear or how long we leave the lights on influence our future, as well as the future of people around the globe. Our governments create and implement national and also international development policies. One Europe Europe needs to play a constructive and responsible role in the world. As the new generation of young Europeans from East and West, we want to contribute to shaping this Europe. Awareness of Europe's history and responsibility, consciousness of similarities and differences between us are helping us in this process. One World! Only in a joint effort of South and North, East and West we will be able to find solutions for global challenges like global poverty, unfairness in distribution of opportunities for development, unequal access to resources, environmental degradation and climate change or violent conflicts. We need Europeans who act as responsible global citizens and future decision-makers who face these issues and can contribute to a future based on sustainable and socially fair development.“ (5) It is possible to go to another projects too. Glen is just one of them. 16 1.4 LTV (Long-term Volunteering): „Lasting more than three months, long term volunteer opportunities offer the chance to assimilate with the local population and truly experience life alongside them, improving both the experience for the volunteer and the quality of help the volunteer can provide.“(7) The work they do can range from sustainable development projects to conservation to community health initiatives When long-term volunteering abroad, you can choose from different projects. 1.4.1 Different projects: wildlife conservation education- the volunteers teach english and couch in the sport social work- the volunteers work with handicaped people, healthcare with orphans and other socially disadvantaged childen environmental affairs cultural affairs- the volunteers help with renovation and restoration of social, cultural, historic sites, preparation of different festivities, festivals, cultural events. museum- the volunteers help with archaeological excavations and historical heritage work tourism hospitality, media and so on 17 1.4.2 What is the difference from workcamp? Most organization provide you at least a minimal amount of training. Some more specialized organizations require certain skills, whether clerical, medical or technical, but most volunteers organizations only require a strong spirit and enthusiasm.You have long term relationship with the locals in the area and with the other volunteers. Not every organization require a payment from volunteers. Many of the bigger organizations are funded by governments and NGO‟s. Most organizations that require payments are small in size and therefore do not have so much money necessary to pay their staff, train new volunteers, and fund the programs they are involved with. Most volunteer trip are tax deductable. 1.4.3 Following organizations offering long term volunteering opportunities: „BRIDGES – An eight-month program that provides Fellows with a stipend, educational training, mentoring and service learning experiences with local communitybased organizations and international volunteer programs. Christian Foundation for Children and the Aging - A lay Catholic organization creating relationships between sponsors in the United States and children and aging persons in 25 developing nations around the world. Offers long term volunteer opportunities. CRISPAZ - A faith-based organization dedicated to mutual accompaniment with the church of the poor and marginalized communities in El Salvador. United Nation Volunteers - The volunteer arm of the United Nations. It was created to serve as an operational partner in development cooperation at the request of UN member states. Offers long term volunteer opportunities to professionals worldwide. 18 Peace Corps - An independent U.S. federal agency designed to promote mutual understanding between Americans and the outside world. Mission Doctors Association - Offering short term and long term medical volunteer opportunities in developing nations. VSO - An international development charity that works through volunteers.“(7) 1.5 The example of long-term volunteering „Volunteer in Costa Rica - Volunteer at Orphanage, Street Children, Learn Spanish and more Term: Fall, Spring, Summer, Throughout the year, Winter Durations of Program: 1-2 weeks, 2-4 weeks, 5-8 weeks, 9-12 weeks and 3-6 months Typical Duration of Program: 1-2 weeksDates: All Year Round Volunteering Solutions provides Volunteer Programs in the areas of Wildlife Conservation, Childcare, Teaching English and Healthcare. Our Programs are located in San Jose and Javillos (San Carlos). Volunteer in Orphanage, Volunteer in Children Day Care Center, Volunteer Teaching English Intern Types : Comm(radio,tv and film) Languages : english and spanish Cost in US$: $850 starting, Experience Required: no 19 Volunteer Types : childcare/children community centers community development community health orphans street kids This Program is open to worldwide participants. This Program is also open to families, couples and individuals Typical Living Arrangements : Group living Home-stays Participants travel to Costa Rica independently or in Groups Typically participants Work: independently or in Groups Application process involves: online application plus application assessment Resume Written Application“(8) 20 1.6 What is a European voluntary service projet( Evs)? „The EVS is the part of Youth in action programme, Action 2. Youth in Action programme offers young people from Europe the chance to make a real difference to the world – and to their own lives. It is created to all young people aged 18 to 30, EVS is a true „learning service‟. Beyond benefiting the local communities, by participating in voluntary activities, young volunteers can develop new skills and, therefore, improve their personal, educational and professional development. Volunteers can benefit from specific training throughout the activity and agree on their expected learning outcomes, processes and methods in advance. Their learning experience is formally recognised through a Youthpass. Participation is free for the volunteers who also get board and lodging, insurance cover and an allowance for the duration of the project. Special conditions apply to encourage the participation of young people with fewer opportunities. For instance, they can participate as of the age of 16.“(9) The European Voluntary Service spans a wide range of areas, such as culture, youth, sports, social care, cultural heritage, the arts, civil protection, the environment, development co-operation, etc. One thing all the activities have in common is a clear European and intercultural learning dimension. Voluntary Service (EVS) provides young people from Europe with the unique chance to express their personal commitment through unpaid,full-time voluntary activities.Primarily in Europe, for a period of two to twelve months. Shorter placements of two weeks to two months are available to young people with fewer opportunities. And some of them are called workcamps about which I have already spoken. Volunteering through EVS provides young people with an intercultural learning experience, encouraging social integration and it is possitive thing to write to CV. 21 If you want to go for EVS you need to find your sending organisation.It can be INEX-SDA, Duha, Ymca or any other. The sending organisation will help you how to orient in the database and how to apply for the choosed project.Every quater is deadline of projects. 1.6.1 The European database on EVS accredited organisations „All organisations located in Programme Countries and South East Europe that are interested in sending or hosting EVS volunteers, or in coordinating an EVS project need first to be accredited. Accreditation is given on the basis of an Expression of Interest submitted to National Agencies or SALTO South East.This database contains information on all the organisations that are accredited for EVS. Each organisation is presented through a short description, its motivation and EVS experience, the themes of work and contact details. It also informs if the organisation offers possibilities for young people with fewer oppportunities. In addition, for all accredited host organisations, you find a description of the project environment, activities and volunteer profiles.You can enter the database by selecting or combining...“(10) Member States of the European Union (EU) Austria Belgium Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom Countries in the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) which are members of the European Economic Area (EEA) Iceland Liechtenstein Norway Countries which are candidates for accession to the European Union (Pre-accession countries) Bulgaria Romania Turkey The picture number: 2 The source: http://www.evs.place.cz/evs-english.htm#how 22 Third Countries „Some EVS projects can take place in collaboration with partner regions of the European Union. Those are: The Mediterranean partner countries as part of the Euro-Mediterranean Youth Action Programme Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) South Eastern Europe (SEE) Latin America“(11) The picture number: 3 The source: http://www.studyline.cz/au-pair 23 2 The work in EU 2.1 Your rights As an EU national you are entitled to take up work or look for a job in another EU country. Free movement for workers means that every EU national has the right to work, and at the same time live, in any other EU country. „This fundamental freedom (laid down in Article 39 of the EC Treaty) entitles you to: look for a job in another country work there without needing a work permit live there for that purpose stay there even after your employment has finished enjoy equal treatment with nationals in access to employment, working conditions and all other social and tax advantages that may help you integrate in the host country Nationals of Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovenia and Slovakia may face temporary restrictions on working in another country, but for no more than 7 years after their countries joined the EU (Bulgaria and Romania joined on 1 January 2007, all the others on 1 May 2004). The concept and implications of this freedom have been interpreted and developed by the case-law of the European Court of Justice, including the concept of worker itself. You 24 can find detailed information on the case-law in the Communication from the Commission: "Free movement of workers – achieving the full benefits and potential" (COM(2002)694).“ (11) “In first three months a job seeker only requires his/her ID document or passport. However, when staying for a longer time the applicant requires a residence permit, which of course does not determine whether such a citizen may or may not live in this country but only serves as a certificate of the rights in the country of applicant´s stay. Another purpose for registration duty is the statistics that trace the movement of citizens from one EU, EEA member state to another.Consisely about welfare system. From the first day of the employment workers and their families have the same rights as the citizens of the country, where they are staying. These rights cover disease, maternity benefits, disability, benefits covering injuries and professional illnesses, deaths, unemployment and family benefits. Workers and their families cannot be excluded from the country's welfare system on the grounds of nationality, place of residence or other discriminating reasons. Each country has a different welfare system. Persons interested in this kind of information should contact the responsible authorities in the host country in order to acquire detailed information about the local welfare system. Well, you can work for example in UK, but you need to check whether you need to register under the Worker registration Scheme.Also you need to apply for a National Insurance number but you do not need to have received your National Insurance number before you can start work. At the interview you will need to prove your identity and right to work in the UK(by providing a document such as your passport, birth certificate or bank statement) and details of when you started work or received a job offer.Your employer can allow you to start work, before you receive National insurance number and should deduct National Insurance contributions.It takes between six and twelve weeks after the interview for your National insurane number card to be issued.“(12) Every country of European union is different. For comparison, it is prohibited to work 25 on Sundays and at night, on public holidays, to employ workers outside the work schedule applicable to them in Belgium.“(13) 26 3 Au-pair 3.1 The definition „The word "Au Pair" is a French term, which means "on par" or "equal to", denoting living on an equal basis in a reciprocal, caring relationship between the host family and the children. Childcare is limited to no more than 10 hours per day, and to a maximum of 45 hours per week. Au pair participants may not be placed with a family having an infant aged less than three months unless a parent or other responsible adult is at home. Neither may au pairs be placed in homes with children under two years of age unless the au pair has at least 200 hours of documented infant childcare experience. Au pairs are not to be placed in families with a special needs child, so identified by the family, unless the au pair has specifically identified prior experience, skill, or training in caring for special needs children and the host family has reviewed and acknowledged the stated prior experience, skills, or training in writing.“(14) The picture number 4 The source:http://www.studyline.cz/au-pair 27 3.2 EduCare in USA EduCare „The Au Pair program includes the EduCare component. The EduCare component is only for families who have school-aged children and require childcare before and after school hours. Accordingly, au pairs participating in the EduCare component may not be placed with families having preschool children, unless alternative, full-time arrangements are in place for their supervision. The EduCare au pair may work no more than 10 hours per day, and a maximum of 30 hours per week. Au pairs participating in the EduCare component receive 75 percent of the weekly rate paid to au pairs. EduCare au pairs must complete a minimum of 12 hours of academic credit or its equivalent during the program year. The host family is required to provide (up to) the first $1,000 toward the cost of the au pair's required academic course work.“(15) 3.3 Who is an aupair? „An aupair will typically be a young woman and sometimes a young man, usually between the ages of 18 and 26 years old(some countries allow younger and older aupairs), from a foreign country who chooses to help look after the children of a host family and provide light housekeeping. The aupair is single, lives as part of the family, has a minimum of basic conversational English, may be asked to drive children to and from school. The aupair has room and board and is mostly paid a weekly "pocketmoney" salary. Aupairs generally stay with their host family for one year, but it is possible to stay shorter or longer time.In some countries Aupair has to have Visa. Au Pairs from the European Economic Area can receive medical treatment in the the EU under reciprocal Health Care Agreements.Aupairs looks for new cultural experience while also desiring to serve as an integral part of a parenting team.“(14). This experience usually draws aupairs to a foreign country and often times involves improving on their foreign language skills, in what they hope from the beginning. 28 An aupair is not considered a domestic employee and therefore taxes need not be paid. It is difference between an aupair and nanny. 3.4 Aupair, aupair plus and Mother’s help We can divide aupairs:Aupair, aupair plus and Mother´s help. Mother´s help is a work programme where someone is employed to help with children and works according to a contract of employment. Mother's Help is not qualified like a nanny but you will have had at least one years' relevant experience with children or some full time childcare training. You should speak fluent English and plan to stay in a family for a minimum of one year. 3.1 What should you expect as an au-pair? As an au pair, you can expect: five hours work a day, two evenings babysitting, one of which can be at the week-end, but not every Saturday. You should have two days free and some evenings, enough free time to study and for your freetime. The family meets you at the airport. Most families want their au pairs to stay for at least 9 to 12 months. Nowadays, is very popular to have an aupair for summer (America, Italy, Spain, England and etc.). I describe the way it is supposed to be, but generally the aupairs work more and mostly it is not like in our imaginations. Sometimes you have to change your host family many time untill you find the right one. If you want to avoid conflicts, you need to get clear instructions about your duties as an aupair. If you are not sure about something, just ask. You must behave reasonably and respect the family. The agency organizes outings during the year which provide another opportunity to meet new au pair friends and through this you can have an access to discounted events. 29 3.2 Typical AuPair Duties & Responsibilities „make sure the children are groomed and dressed make sure children's bed are made and and their rooms are clean prepare breakfast for the children prepare lunches for the children clean up the dishes make sure children have books and homework for school drive children to school (if needed) chhores while children are at school: grocery shopping, vacuuming, dusting emptying trash, folding clothes pick up children from school prepare a healthy afternoon snack assist the children with their homework bathe the children“ (14) Duties like gardening, window cleaning or weekly shopping are considered unsuitable for and aupair. While the specific duties and responsibilities of an aupair will vary depending on the age of the children and the family's requirements and other circumstances, below is a good starting point for most aupairs and families. 30 Few years ago was much more popular to go abroad and work as an au-apir, nowadays, when there is more possibilities to work abroad and study is interest in this kind of job dicreasing. It is different to work as an au-pair in Europe or in America. American au-pair´s obligation is mostly to take care of the children whereas it is included in au-pair´s job many house duties in Europe. 3.3 My own experience When I was 19, I was one of those girls, who decided to go abroad as an aupair. I choose England, because I wanted to learn English and also I was fascinated by this country. My final destination was Oxford and I was living with a big and rich family. They lived in surroundings of Oxford in a huge house, an old castle. They had five children. I was not there alone, there was another aupair from Poland too. Our duties were extremely overrated, we had to work 12 hours per day from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m., clean all the rooms and so on. They accepted us to be there more like cleaners than aupairs for their children and even we had our own swimming-pool and weight room, I decided to leave, because I came there to learn English, make some friends and have fun, not to spend all the day working in luxury. So, I quited and moved to Swansea, where I was looking for the job myself and started to work as a waitress in a pizzeria,after that in a café and then as a sell assistant in a shop as well. 31 4 The Work and Travel USA 4.1 About the programme It is 3 to 4 months of paid work in the USA. You can travel around the USA, improve your English, make friends and have fun! This programme is available from May-October. The deadline is usually in April.Work % Travel USA programme offers international university students an opportunity to experience the United States as more than a simple tourist while gaining invaluable work USA experience. The university students should be between 18 and 30 years old and be at least intermediate level in English ( the level will be checked during coversation when the student is applies for a job in the agency). Also the students have to be full-time students at an isntituion in Czech republic and be able to prove they are coming back to Czech republic after the summer. „ During their main holiday, participants can work at entry-level positions in virtually all aspects of the hospitality and tourism sector and more. Work and USA placements are available in countless hotels, motels, resorts, parks and restaurants throughout the U.S., from Las Vegas, Colorado, New Mexico and Myrtle Beach, to name a few. Working side by side with U.S. citizens and participants from around the world, students have the opportunity to share their own customs and beliefs, in a true cultural exchange In this programme participants have an optional month of travel to get to know a bit more about the wonderful USA . They have the opportunity to discover USA from big cities to small towns, top beaches as well as ski resorts. This programme really gives you the chance to work and travel in the USA. 32 4.2 Visa You are eligible to J visa. The J visa is a nonimmigrant visa, and participants in the J-1 Exchange Visitor Program are expected to return to Czech when they complete their programs. „Entry into the United Stated as a participant in the Exchange Visitor program is granted with the understanding that participants will complete the objectives of a single program category.“(16) 4.3 Placement You can find your place yourself or the agency help you. Full service placement „This option is designed to offer student full assistance with the Work and Travel Program process from start to finish. An agency will find and secure a paid position for you. The price: 930 USD Self-Arranged Placement This option is for those who have found and secured a job on their own. All you need to do is contact the agency with your job offer, and they will assist you with the necessary documentation you need in order to apply for your J-1 visa.“(17) The price: 790 USD There is a discount for repeated participants. You can find the job before leaving to USA or after the arrival. Placement areas: Paid positions are available in amusement parks, food and beverage retail concessions, retail stores/shops in tourist towns, hotels, ski resorts, national parks and many others. Types of jobs include but are not limited to: Ski Lift operator, Hotel desk 33 clerks, Waiter, Lifeguards, Park services, Cooks, Dining room attendants, Game attendants, Fast food workers, etc. 4.4 What you can expect from the agency „Guaranteed work placement secured prior to arrival An hourly wage of at least $7 an hour Paperwork coordination: J-1 Visa documentation. Alliance Abroad Group is a designated "Sponsor" by the U.S. Department of State for the Work and Travel program Health/Travel insurance Pre-departure orientation in your country and orientation in the USA or orientation in your country 24 hours a day/7 days a week personal support Housing assistance Detailed participant handbook that contains all information relative to the program An emergency assistance telephone number: 1 866 IM IN USA A month to travel in the USA after completion of your job Access to tax refund services that will assist you in filing your taxes and help you in reclaiming any portion of the taxes paid in the U.S. that are due to you“(17) Accommodations and meal With your job offer the employer should either offer housing or aid in your accommodation search. If you have secured a job, but your employer has not offered you accommodation contact them back to see what they can offer. Depends on the job, if you will be responsible for purchasing and preparing your own meals. 34 Getting there You will need to arrange a flight to the nearest airport close to the city that you will be staying. Keep in mind that you may need to look an internal flight to arrive at your final destination. 4.5 My own experience I participated in the programme Work % Travel in summer 2007 and went for a road trip job, which I think is a great opportunity to combine travelling, meeting interesting people and earning money. Global Prints is one of the leading fine art and poster distributors in USA and the company is divided into the Wholesale division and the College and University division. Each year Global Prints hires 40 sales representatives to conductour campus sale. The sales representatives works in teams of two for 6-10 week period beginning in the middle of August until at leat October 1.Full training is provided prior to departure at annual oOrientation. The sales teams function as a managers of a small mobile shop. We were responsible for bringing the merchandise to each sale location, arranging the display, conducting the sale, and cleaning up afterward. We were also responsible for managing our inventory and being in contact with the office on a daily basis. The effort given by us determines the successful outcome of the sale. Just a little extra effort, such as staying open an extra half hour at a busy sale or distributing additional advertising fliers, can result in sales that exceed projections and lead to greater commissions on top of the sales team salaries.Each sales team is assigned an itinerary that includes pertinent contact information for each school, a mobile phone to communicate with the office or with college sponsors, supplies, inventory, and display 35 units. Global prints also provides each team with a van, petrol and hotel accomodations while travelling for the company. The pictures number:5 36 5 Camp USA „The camp gives 19-35 year olds the opportunity to spend 8-10 weeks between May and August on an American summer camp teaching 6-16 year old kids a range of camp activities that are fun, social and meaningful in a safe and supportive environment.“(18) Summer camps in the USA have a long-standing tradition of providing an unusual and positive environment in which children can develop. Participants benefit socially, emotionally and physically. Over 10 million children attend more than 10,000 camps in the USA each year. Summer Camps have been in existence more than a century and for the past 40 years the U.S government has operated a 'Cultural Exchange Program' which enables foreign nationals to spend their summer working at camp. This program brings a various international dimension to camp which adds to the overall experience for campers and staff alike. Camp has become a source of fun, friendship and education. 5.1 The cousellors Two main types of Summer Camp USA counsellor: „Specialist counsellors require qualifications or skills in a particular field or activity. General counsellors need experience of working with children in a leadership role. Nearly all Summer Camp USA participants act as general counsellors in some capacity, even those who also have specialist duties. Counsellors generally live in a cabin of about 3-8 children and will take responsibility for them along with other counsellors. The camp director will expect you to set a good example, ensuring that the children keep themselves and the cabin clean and that they eat their food and follow the camp routine.Your 'counsel' to the children may include dealing with homesickness and personal problems and you will need to be a mature friend and impartial adviser. Earning the children‟s respect can be difficult if you show signs of weakness or 37 indecisiveness, so it is vital you should be sure of the qualities and strengths of your own personality before applying to the program.“(19) The picture number:6 The source:http://www.iep.org.au/summercampusa/summercampusa.asp 5.2 The Programme summary The cost: about Czk 8000,in the price is included: comprehensive travel and medical insurance, the visa, the housing, flight tickets, the food and accommodation while on the camp, personalized placement, administration and processing of your Summer Camp USA application including provision of your US J-1 Visa paperwork, comprehensive handbooks „the advantage: low upfront cost Standard salary: US$1775 if you're under 21 or US$1950 if you're 21 and over You leave for the USA in May to early June and no later than middle of June. The earlier you can leave, the better. You make a commitment to a camp for 8, 9 or more weeks and then 30 days to see the USA. You have to be at least 18 by 1 June 2009. You must be eligible for a US visa. Summer Camp USA requires that you attend a predeparture orientation and that your application for the J-1 visa is processed in Czech republic.It can be hard work with long hours, but for most participants, it is hugely rewarding and enjoyable.“(16) 38 It is without the job fairs. The participants are placed individually using a network of thousands of camps (instead of the 10 or so you're likely to find at a job fair) to find the one that is perfect for you, based on your talents, skills and preferences. The counsellors the agency place are generally euphoric about their camp experience mainly because they are flexible and positive enough to adapt to foreign situations and philosophies. 39 5.3 Camp Type Descriptions „While every camp is different they commonly fall into one of the following categories. 5.3.1 Agency Camp This type of camp is run by an agency such as the YMCA, Campfire Boys & Girls, etc. Campers come from diverse socio-economic backgrounds. These camps follow the traditions of the agency . 5.3.2 Day Camp This type of camp operates only during the day. Campers arrive early in the morning and participate in a day full of activities, then return to their homes again at the end of the day or afternoon. Counselors participate in a variety of activities with the children during the daytime. Counselors are accommodated in either on-site accommodation (dorm rooms or camp staff house) or with host families and have most evenings and some weekends free. Day camps are more often located closer to towns and cities than residential camps, parents need to come to the camp every day two times. Childrens come from a variety of socio-economic backgrounds. Majority of day camps are co-ed. (*Note- counselors working at day camps must complete an 11-week contract as opposed to a 9-week contract for residential camps). 40 5.3.3 Family Camp This type of camp is host to all members of families during the summer. Some families have attended a particular family camp for generations. Counselors at family camps are often asked to teach or assist in activities with groups of adults or children and sometimes both. Staff has usually separated accommodations apart from the families. Many families that attend family camp are from middle to upper-socio economic backgrounds. 5.3.4 Girl scout camp This type of camp is operated by the Girls Scout of America. Girl Scout camps have female children only and most have female-only staff, though a few sometimes have males on staff. The camp facilities are often rustic. The main activity focuses are arts, outdoor adventure, cooking and waterfront activities. Girls come from a large range of socio-economic backgrounds. 5.3.5 Private Camp This type of camp is a privately owned. It can be all-boys or all-girls or co-ed private camps. Children at private camps come from higher socio-economic backgrounds and pay an enourmous tuition to attend camp. 5.3.6 Religious Camp This type of camp offers children an opportunity to attend traditional summer camp while celebrating their religious beliefs at the same time. Most religious camps in America are Christian, Catholic or Jewish faith based (though camps based on other 41 faiths exist too). The children at these typs of camps come from various socio-economic classes. 5.3.7 Special Needs Camp This type of camp is designed to young children, adults and elderly campers with various types of Special Needs including (but not limited to): Mental and/or Physical Disabilities, Blindness, Deafness, Learning Disabilities and ADHD/ADD. Funding is often through grants and donations and camps are operated by organizations or foundations that operate year round to service persons with special needs. Special training is provided for all staff. The facilities are usually highly specialized to accommodate to the needs of people with special needs. Most Special Needs camps do not require counselors to have previous experience or practise. 5.3.8 Underprivileged Camp This type of camp is designated to children from lower socio-economic backgrounds. Often times, these children are attending camp on a scholarship as their families cannot afford the camp tuition. Underprivileged camps are usually run by an organization, which relies on charitable donations and grants to operate camp. Many underprivileged camps have basic facilities and the children mainly come from inner cities.“(21) 42 6 Working in Canada The Agreement between the Czech Republic and Canada concerning the Facilitation of Temporary Work Stays of Youth came into force on October 1st, 2007. The Agreement offers young Czech citizens, between the age of 18 and 35, the opportunity to acquire professional or hands-on experience and to improve their knowledge of the languages, culture and society of Canada. (21) 6.1 Student Work Abroad Program (SWAP) „This program applies to university and college students who wish to stay in Canada up to 12 months for tourism and cultural discovery while being authorized to work on an occasional basis in order to supplement their financial resources.“(22) If you are interested, apply for the programme to begin the process of travelling to Canada. You must apply at least 3 months before you plan to travel.Upon receiving your application the agency will then find you a job and organise your visa. The job offer is subject to you being accepted by the employer. The agency will arrange a telephone interview for you. Once you have been accepted, the agency will organise all the paperwork for you and process your Working Holiday Visa. The agency will do the best to find you a job based on your choices but the agency cannot guarantee a job that matches your job or location preferences. 43 The picture number:7 The source: http://www.canadianculture.com/canphotos/ 6.2 Are you eligible? „be between the ages of 18 and 35 on the date the application is made; be a Czech citizen holding a machine-readable Czech passport. Its validity must exceed the period of stay in Canada granted by your Work Permit present preliminary return travel arrangements; have a clean criminal record; reside in the Czech Republic; have the financial resources necessary for your support at the beginning of your stay in Canada; have taken out comprehensive insurance coverage that is valid for the duration of your stay, and prove that you have insurance for health care, including hospitalization and repatriation, for the duration of your stay; show that you are currently enrolled as a student at a Czech post-secondary education institution“(22) This winter is special occasion work during olympic games and it is special program for it. 44 7 Working in Australia Australia is hard for initial expenses in the beginning. You need to pay all your travel expenses and course and you can not really find the work in advance. Australia has enough working positions, in the first place in Sydney and Perth. During school holiday or in the break between two courses in working permit unlimited. All visitors to Australia are required to hold a valid visa. Students wishing to study for a period longer than 3 months require a Student visa. You do not need to be a student in Czech republic in order to be able study in Australia. „You can not apply for work permit in Australia, it does not exist in the way like in USA or in Canada. Special Working Holiday visa, which Australia offers some countries, czech students can not get. Firstl, you have to study in Australia, if you want to work in Australia.You must have a student visa. Aplplication can be submitted anytime. You can apply for permission to work up to 20 hours a week on a casual basis after you have started your study or course. It is your obligation to apply to the Department of Immigration and Citizenship(DIAC) to do volunteer or unpaid work which counts toward the 20 hours a week limit you are allowed under your visa.Howeorever, it is impossible to arrange employment before your arrival due to employer hiring requirements(interviews, etc.). Students can expect to earn about USD$10-$14 per hour in Australia. 45 7.1 Student visa conditions There are a number of conditions on your visa you must follow to be allowed to study in Australia. The main conditions are that you must: maintain satisfactory attendance; achieve satisfactory academic results; continue to be enrolled in a registered course; not change education provider within the first 12 months of your principal course, or before the end of that course if it is for less than 12 months; notify your education provider of your address within seven days of arriving in Australia, and within seven days of any change in your address; notify your original educational provider if you change to a new education provider within seven days of obtaining your new certificate of enrolment; and maintain OSHC cover“ (23) 7.2 Getting permission to work „If you want to work part-time in Australia, you will need to obtain permission from DIAC in the state or territory where you are living. You should complete a form from DIAC (Form 157P) to request permission to work, and pay an application fee of about $60. DIAC will need to see your current student visa and evidence that you have commenced your course of study. This evidence can be in the form of a letter from your institution stating your course details (CRICOS code, start and end dates) or you can get an authorised officer from your education provider to complete the »education provider details« section of the form you complete (Form 157P). 46 If you are allowed to work, a new visa label will be put into your passport. It will have a work limitation condition (8105 or 8104), instead of the no work condition (8101). If you work more than 20 hours per week during the school semester, your visa may be cancelled.“(24) Permission for spouses to work Spouses with a Dependent Student Visa may apply for a work visa while accompanying a full time student. Spouses will need permission to work and must follow the conditions as set out on their visa, as restrictions may apply. 7.3 Types of work for international students „International students often find work in retail, hospitality and administration. You could expect to earn $6-15 an hour, depending on the kind of work you do and your age. You may be paid more for working on Sundays or public holidays. Tutoring younger students in the field you are studying or in your native language is also a good way to earn money. Student tutors can earn about $40 an hour. Remember that your first priority in Australia should be your studies. If you decide to take on the challenge of part-time work, start with a few hours a week until you are able to find a balance with your studies. 7.4 Tax returns As an international student you may be affected by Australia‟s taxation system.You should obtain a Tax File Number (TFN) from the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) if you are going to work in Australia. You may also need a TFN to open a bank account.If you work in Australia you will need to lodge an income tax return, either through a registered tax agent or by completing it yourself. If you complete your own income tax return, e-tax is the fastest way to obtain a refund. In most cases this will be within 14 days.“ (24) 47 „If you have studied in Australia over 2 years and you finished less than 6 months ago and you would like to continue, you are eligible to apply for Sublass 485-Skilled Graduate Temporary visa. You should check the last information about visa on the Department of Immigration and Citizenship.The applicants must be educated in the field, which is said in Skilled Occupation list.Skilled occupations which are acceptable for permanent and temporary skilled migration come under 2 separate categories: General skilled migration and the Employer Nomination Scheme.“(translated from alfa) 48 8 Working in New Zealand 8.1 The types of visa Temporary work visas „Immigration New Zealand grants temporary work visas and permits to people who have a job offer from a New Zealand employer, people skilled in occupations that are in demand in New Zealand, people coming to New Zealand for a particular purpose or event, and people who want to gain work experience or work after studying in New Zealand. Working holiday If you're aged between 18 and 30 years you may be eligible to experience life in New Zealand on a working holiday visa. Seasonal Work Permits The Recognised Seasonal Employer Work Policy is for temporary workers from overseas in the horticulture and viticulture industries who have received a job offer from an Immigration New Zealand approved employer.“(25) Make sure you have valid passport that expires no less than three months after the planned date of departure from New Zealand. You can enter New Zealand up to 12 months on a Working holiday visa. The three most popular industries for holiday workers are: horticulture, viticulture and agriculture. 49 You are not allowed to take up any permanent employment under a Working Holiday visa, though you may be eligible to apply for a traditional work visa if offered employment. You may only be allowed to work for an employer for three months, and only enrol in one course of study or one training programme for a maximum of three months. „For workers who have been involved in three months of work in either the horticulture or viticulture industries may apply for a Working Holidaymaker Extension Permit. If granted, this permit will allow for an additional three months‟ stay at the end of a working holiday.“(26). „You must be single and may not be accompanied by any children. You must have at least NZ$4200 in available funds to cover living expenses.“(26) You can find the job from from fruitpicking or hospitality work to office work, teaching work and nursing jobs. New Zealand can offer the working backpacker a overabundance of options. Your working holiday will ensure that you can work legally and safely, and find a job in New Zealand relatively effortlessly. It is more difficult to get a working visa without an agency since the 1th of may 2009. It is the precaution of New Zealand´s goverment. The picture number:8 The source: www.ccusa.cz/media/Image/foto/kiwi.jpg 50 9 Internships: The participant does a job in the his or her field of studying either at the high school or a university). The intership allows you to obtain valuable working experiences in the field, required training, languages and important contacts( it might happen, that international company employ a participant in his or her home country. The aim of the participant should not be make a fortune, but getting new professional experiences. You can choose the target country from the offer of agencies. Primarly, you can find there non-european countries, which created for the participants of internships special visa programme( Australia, Kanada, USA). Duration varies, 1 to 24 months.It can be limited by the validity of visa( for example in USA max.18 months). The internships are assigned for students, graduates, alumnus and young professionals. The internship is practicable only in domain of specialization. You have to substantiate it with documents. The age is usually between 18 and 40, sometimes the minimum age limit is 20 or 21 years. 9.1 The internships are in sunrise industries: Management-internships are related to administration, finance, marketing, project management and HR Development- internships usually relate to wide variety of issues in community development Technical-internships are related to management and development in information technologies Educational-internships are related to promotion, curiculum development, teaching and so on I can say, that you can complete your internship in the specialization, which you choose, for example: in tourism, law, business, architecture, social work, artistic 51 activities and etc. The purpose is gain experieces through the internship, it is necessary to change different kinds of jobs, which will make possible for you to look in background of the agency. You should not spend too much time in the position, which would not enrich your qualification. The student of college of polytechnics, tourism should not be all the time in hotel café, but also try the jobs in another departments of the hotel). Some countries demand the training plan before your start the intership, which you should prepare in cooperation with your employer. You have often free accomodation and food during your stay, but you will not earn too much money like in work programs. The main task of the agency is organization connected with the stay in a foreign country. In the price there is usually included: the placement, the output testimonial, the professional monitoring during the internship, the asistence servis, the insurance, the providing of accomodation. You can pay for other service, like transport and so on. In accordance with the programme the agency will provide the employer or you will find the employer yourself. There is a possibility for you to find a job yourself and agency will settle the formality. This option is cheaper. In ambit of USA you have three subroutines: Independent Placement, Premium Matching Service and Custom Placement. The price varies from country to country, from programme to programme, the length of the programmme and also whether the internship is paid or not. The prices vary between CZK 10 000-25 000, sometimes up to CZK 60 000.Place you to internship is depends on several factors: Previous working experience Successful interview Free places in given area Season( high/low) 52 10 How to find a job? More and more people want to work abroad every year.Apart from some exceptions there some countries in the European Union much more opened than in the past and getting a work permit is therefore easier. In the countries, where the wok permit is not required, the applicant usually has to register in the local office and arrange the local so called personal number(analogy on our birth number). Most of the people going abroad for the first time, aim to choose the easiest way. They use an agency service, which will find them a job and accommodation and help them with almost everything. On one hand it seems to be advantageous, on the other hand there are still some problems. The first one is trustworthiness of the agency in the labor market. There are a lot of agencies, but not all of them will arrange you everyting for example does not fulfill its commitments, when the agency did not fulfill her commitments, even they collect the money.Another factor is the fee. You need to pay for arranging the job and also your employer needs to pay a fee for the agency mediating it an employee. Another possibility how to find a job is to write or call straight to the companies in the field, look at the internet websites. Some people also prefer to go right to the dream country and look for a job there. You can ask locals, look at the Internet, read the newspapers, advertisements...It can be risky but also it can has better results. 53 10.1 Look for job online Most of the workposition(temporary or permanent) are advised on the internet, but the range of acceptables offers is small. No any emloyer, which is looking for two waiteres for the summer, does not want to publish this fact in virtual space. It could happen, that he would receive spam and appliactation forms from Paris to Mongolia. Internet, like a tool for searching , satisfies the best those, which are having special knowledges and experiences, for example: The applicants for a job abroad with TEFL kvalifikaci=Teaching English as a Foreign Language Even so the surfers can find many potencially wothwile bequests for the travellers. Many internet websites of personal agencies promise providing of their service for free on-line. 10.2 Jobs By Email You can receive the job offers by e-mails from some big on-line searches, you just need to fill in personal details like sector in which you would like to work(catering, hospitality, Gap year jobs, summer, travel and turism, …), location, required salary. 10.3 Jobseeker registration It is not necessary to spend hours being on-line and looking for the job. On many job-seeking pages you can fill jobseeker registration. Fields marked with a * are compulsory and must be filled in. You fill in the places like sectors of interests, 54 CV/Resume, Skills and Knowledge, Reference, Available from Available to and also more personal information like Are you a smoker? 10.4 How to look for a job? Choose the work position and country where you would like to work. It is good to know ahead , what you want to do and where you would like to go.Specify your requirements and expectations from the job abroad. You can start with your education , work possibilities in that country, expected salary, life standard according to your ability to sacrifice, when you want to find out your possibilities and requirements for the work in the foreign country. It really depends on the country, the work and the place, where you look for a job. Usually the holiday workers without special experiences get a job like a waiter or similar jobs. It is the kind of job where you do not need to think too much, but usually it is in nice surroundings.This experience is perfect for the beginning. 10.5 Why is advantegous to work abroad? You will enhancing your CV and your abilities to work. It also helps you to develop personal and practical skills. Then you can get to know foreign people and their society better, you will improve your language skills, consider career choices, make professional contracts and gain the kind of experience that will help you stand out of the crowd. It is a part of the multidimensional learning experience. 55 10.6 What you should not forget before you go? Do not forget to complete all your applications Find out about customs control and quarantine laws Find out and write useful numbers , emergency services(police,fire, ambulance), country´s code visa issues insurance find out how is it with a bank account take your CV in english take the references find out how is it with the superannuation( you may be entitled) Your employer is usually required by law to pay money into a superannuation or retirement savings account for you. If you are eligible, you may be entitled to receive this money when you permanently leave the country. „Make copies of important documents. Bring one set with you, store the others in various places in case your luggage or wallet is lost or stolen,and do not forget to leave one copy at home. This includes your visa, passport, driver„ s licence, credit cards, travel insurance info, updated official copy of your academic transcript You are responsible for abtaining your own visa to program.The agency give you advice and supporting documents as appropriate, but the agency cas never guarantee that you will receive those visas. That is the decision of the Embassy or Consulate of the country you will be visiting.“ (27) 56 The summary To sum up I think the labor market is open and helpful for young people nowdays . Young people can choose from voluntary projects, paid and unpaid internships, to going to work for the summer or for the whole year - almost all over the world. You can go voluntarily to EVS or work as an au-pair in the USA- if you do not have any money for the beginning. You do not need any initial cost. You can go as volunteer to Madagaskar or you can try to find a job in New Zeland or in Australia, on the other end of the Word. However you need to have some money saved. If you would like to go volunteer somewhere just shortly, you can choose short-term projects called workcamps. The most famous middle-term is Glen project, but it is more difficult to be accepted there. Long-term volunteering is very popular in Europe through EVS or on your own to Africa or Asia, where an agency is helping you, but you can not suppose that most of your cost will be sponsored. The volunteering is possible in different kinds of areas from social to technical ones. It is used to be popular traveling for work as an au-pair, now the young people are attracted to a program called Work and travel in the USA or they can find some jobs in European Union. They can use the full service placement from the agencies or arrange the place by themselves. It is a widespread job search on the Internet where you can find lots of websites for job searching. Try out to work abroad is absolutely great decision and after high-school or during the university study is the best time. You do not have so many obligation and responsibilities at home, you would like to get know new places and people and diverse cultural background. And for that reason is now the right time to cross borders and learn new experiences and improve language skills. Wherever you got experiences, in your field of study or in any other branch, they will help you to have good sense of direction in what you want and how on it. Except that you will meet a lot of people and you will get to know yourself in totally new situations. Briefly said: Take the advantage of the fact that it is a global world! It is an outstanding investment for your future.The first 57 months in any new country are often a time of great adjustment, especially if this is your first time living away from home. The citations: 1) Volunteers for peace : Volunteers travelling within the US [online]. c2009 [cit. 200905-05]. Dostupný z WWW: <http://www.vfp.org/usVolunteer.html>. 2) Cadip-Volunteering in Canada and worldwide : board and lodging [online]. c2009[cit. 2009-05-01]. Dostupný z WWW: <http://www.cadip.org/board.htm>. 3)Inexsda 4) ) Volunteer abroad or intern with cross cultural solutions : Volunteer abroad programs [online]. c2009 [cit. 2009-05-04]. Dostupný z WWW: <http://www.crossculturalsolutions.org/>. 5) Glen : What is Glen [online]. 2009 [cit. 2009-04-24]. Dostupný z WWW: <http://www.glen-europe.org/index.php?lnk=2>. 6) Glen : What is global education? [online]. 2009 [cit. 2009-04-24]. Dostupný z WWW: <http://www.glen-europe.org/index.php?lnk=2&sbl=106>. 7) Serve your world : Long term volunteering abroad [online]. 2009 [cit. 2009-04-30]. 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Dostupný z WWW: <http://portal.mpsv.cz/eures/faq>. 14) Great aupair : Frequently asked question [online]. c2001-2009 [cit. 2009-05-10]. Dostupný z WWW: <http://www.greataupair.com/support.cfm/topic/FAQ/faqID/62>. 15) U.S. Department of state : Aupair and Educare [online]. 2009 [cit. 2009-04-25]. Dostupný z WWW: <http://exchanges.state.gov/jexchanges/programs/aupair.html>. 16) U.S.Department of state : Information for exchange visitors [online]. c2009 [cit. 2009-04-25]. Dostupný z WWW: <http://exchanges.state.gov/jexchanges/exchangevisitor.html>. 17) Alliance abroad : work/travel in the US [online]. c2007 [cit. 2009-04-30]. Dostupný z WWW: <http://www.allianceabroad.com/ib/work_travel/work_travel_01.htm>. 18) Summer camp USA : Placement options [online]. 2009 [cit. 2009-05-01]. Dostupný z WWW: <http://www.iep.org.au/summercampusa/placement.asp>. 19) Summer camp USA : Programme summary [online]. 2009 [cit. 2009-05-02]. Dostupný z WWW: <http://www.iep.org.au/summercampusa/summercampusa.asp>. 20) Summer camp USA : Types of camps [online]. 2009 [cit. 2009-05-02]. Dostupný z WWW: <http://www.iep.org.au/summercampusa/typesofcamps.asp>. 21) Canada Europa : Xouth on the move [online]. 2007 , Last modified:3.12.2007 11:14:27 [cit. 2009-04-03]. Dostupný z WWW: <http://www.canada.cz/am3/asp/text.asp?pageID=RD27JjrW&lang=3>. 22) Canada Europa : Czech republic/Slovakia [online]. 2007 , Last modified:3.12.2007 11:14:27 [cit. 2009-04-06]. Dostupný z WWW: <http://www.canada.cz/am3/asp/text.asp?pageID=tjveTkT5&lang=3>. 23) Guide to Australia : How to organise your australian trip [online]. c1999 [cit. 200905-10]. Dostupný z WWW: <http://www.study-inaustralia.org/_uk/guide/index.php?SESSID=1&gp=22>. 24) Guide to Australia : Working in Australia [online]. c1999 [cit. 2009-04-08]. Dostupný z WWW: <http://www.study-in-australia.org/_uk/guide/index.php?SESSID=1&gp=21>. 59 25) Working in New Zealand : How can I work and live in New Zealand? [online]. c2009 [cit. 2009-05-01]. Dostupný z WWW: <http://www.workinginnewzealand.com/info/548>. 26) Working in New Zealand : Working holiday visas [online]. 2009 [cit. 2009-05-01]. Dostupný z WWW: <http://www.workingin-newzealand.com/info/891>. 27) Focus information services : National insurance number [online]. c2009 [cit. 200904-15]. Dostupný z WWW: <http://www.focusinfo.org/career_support/?pageID=13.417.422&catID=341&pcatID=336>. 60 THE SOURCES: http://www.evs.cz/ http://www.evs.place.cz/ http://www.evs.place.cz/evs-english.htm#how http://www.seasonalwork.co.nz/search3.bsp?region http://www.ajob.cz/index.php http://www.najdipraci.eu/ http://www.dobraprace.cz/zahranici/ http://www.ccusa.cz/programy/ www.studentagency.cz http://www.jobcentreplus.gov.uk/JCP/index.html http://www.ccusa.cz/programy/staze-usa/ http://www.bia.homeoffice.gov.uk/workingintheuk/ http://old.mzv.cz/wwwo/mzv/default.asp?ido=8689&idj=1&amb=1&ikony=False&trid =3&prsl=False&pocc1= http://www.kalimera.cz/spatne_zkusenosti_s_pracovnimi_agenturami.html http://www.kalimera.cz/jak_se_v_australii_shani_prace.html www.atamua.cz http://www.workandvolunteer.com/programme/?pgid=128 http://work-travel.gtstravel.cz/work-travel-clanky-usa/Nabidka_pracovnich_pozic www.ato.gov.au. www.alfa-agency.cz 61 BIBLIOGRAPHY Práce v zahraničí : Work and travel. David Woodworth; Ladislav Valík. 1. vyd. Brno : Computer press, 2006. 300 s. ISBN 80-251-1066-4. 62 THE APPENDICES, ATTECHMENTS 1 Temporary restrictions for Czech republic The state of Eu Temporary restrictions on working Austria yes Belgium no From 1.5.2009 Bulgaria no From the beginning Cyprus no From the beginning Denmark no From 1.5.2009 Estonia no From the beginning Finland no From 1.5.2006 France no From 1.7.2008 Germany yes Great Britain yes From the beginning-For EU-8obligatory registration Greece no From the beginning Hungary no From the beginning Iceland no From 1.5.2006 63 From Ireland no From the beginning Italy no From 27.7.2006 Latvia no From the beginning Lichtenštejnsko yes Lithuania no From the beginning Luxembourg no From 1.11.2007 Malta no From the beginning The Netherlands no From 1.5.2007 Norway no From 1.5.2009 Poland no From the beginning Portugal no From 1.5.2005 Romania no From the beginnig Slovakia no From the beginning Slovenia no From the beginning Spain no From 1.5.2006 Sweden no From the beginning Switzerland yes 64 2 Employment agency in Europe Austria Arbeitsmarktservice - AMS viz www.ams.at/neu/4125.htm Belgium FOREM - Office wallon de la formation professionnelle et de l'emploi http://www.leforem.be/ Bulgaria http://www.az.government.bg/ Cyprus 65 http://www.mlsi.gov.cy/ Czech republic portal.mpsv.cz/sz/local Denmark http://www.ams.dk/ Estonia http://www.tta.ee/ Finland Työvoimatoimisto - http://www.mol.fi/ 66 France http://www.pole-emploi.fr/ Great Britain JobcentrePlus -http://www.jobcentreplus.co.uk/ Greece http://www.oaed.gr/ Hungary http://www.afsz.hu/ Germany 67 http://www.arbeitsagentur.de/nn_29892/Navigation/Dienststellen/Dienststellen-Nav.html Ireland FAS - http://www.fas.ie/ Island Vinnumálastofnun - http://www.vinnumalastofnun.is/ Italy stránky italských úřadů práce "Borsa di Lavoro" jednotlivých italských regionů. Odkazy na webové stránky regionů zde. Lichtenštejnsko 68 http://www.avw.llv.li/ Latvia http://www.nva.gov.lv/ Lithuania http://www.ldb.lt/ Luxembourg http://www.adem.public.lu/ Malta http://www.etc.gov.mt/ 69 The Netherlands UWF WERKbedrijf https://www.werk.nl/portal/page/portal/werk_nl/werknemer/direct_doen/vestiging_zoeken Norway http://www.nav.no/ Poland http://www.praca.gov.pl/ Portugal http://www.iefp.pt/ 70 Romania http://www.anofm.ro Slovakia http://www.upsvar.sk/ Slovenia http://www.ess.gov.si/eng/Introduction/LocalEmploymentOffices.htm Spain http://www.inem.es/direccionesytelefonosWeb/jsp/JSP_index.jsp 71 Sweden http://www.arbetsformedlingen.se/ Switzerland http://www.jobarea.ch/ The source:translated and adjusted from http://portal.mpsv.cz/eures/e303 72 3 Agencies offering jobs(ranged by country). You can find long-term job and also short-term job. Africa www.mbendi.co.za Argentina www.administradoresph.com.ar/bolsa.htm www.bancofetrabajo.com.ar www.bolsa-trabajo.com www.bumeran.com/aplicantes www.computrabajo.com.ar www.emplear.com www.pergaminovirtual.com.ar/bolsadetrabajo Australia www.agappointments.com.au www.ambition.com.au www.bluecollar.com.au www.jobserve.com.au/Homepage.aspx www.rwr.net.au www.workingin.com Belgium www.jobscareer.be www.jobsinhibs.com 73 www.vacature.be Bosnia www.posao.ba Bulharsko www.jobtiger.bg China www.ambition.com.au www.jobchina.net www.21hr.net Denmark www.dadk.dk www.it-jobbank.dk www.job-guide.dk www.jobfinder.dk www.jobindex.dk www.jobnet.dk www.jobsinhubs.com www.jobworld.dk www.pharma-job.dk www.seasonalwork.dk www.stpstone.dk 74 Estonia www.amet.se www.cvkeskus.ee www.source-hr.net Finland www.adecco.fi www.alfapal.fi www.businesslike.fi www.jobline.fi www.pib.fi www.poolia.fi www.uranus.fi www.inoa.fi www.proselectum.fi www.manpower.fi France www.aces-fr.com www.annonces-carrieres.com www.jobpilot.com www.monster.fr www.indexa.fr 75 www.jobsesame.com www.pleinemploi.fr www.jobs-in-the-apls.com Hong Kong www.ambition.com.au www.jdvinterinternational.com Croatia www.posao.hr www.source-hr.net India www.jdvinternational.com www.naukri.com Ireland www.adecco.ie www.eolas.ie www.exportuk.cz www.fas.ie www.hoteljobs.ie www.irishjobs.ie www.irishtimesjobs.com www.jobfinder.ie www.loadza.ie www.livingenglish.ie 76 www.irsko.abcdublin.com www.monste.ie www.velka-britanie.com www.1-800people.com www.newrecruit.cz www.recruitireland.com www.topjobs.ie Italy www.jobsinhubs.com www.perega.com Japan www.jdvinternational.com Kanada www.actijob.beljob.ca www.allcanadianjobs.com www.canadajobs.com www.canadiancareers.com/jobboarders.html www.careerbookmarks.tpl.toronto.on.ca Caribic www.caribbeeanjobbank.com 77 Cyprus www.cyprusjobs.com Latin America www.laborum.com www.latinamericanjobs.com www.latpro.com www.mastrabajo.com www.trabajohoy.com Hungary www.source-hr.net Mexico www.computrabajo-com.mx www.occ.com.mx www.trabajo.com.mx Germany www.agentura-s.cz www.berlin-job.de www.faz.de www.fr-aktuell.com www.jobs.zeit.de www.jobrobot.de 78 www.steps.de www.zamestnani.de Netherlands www.jobsinhubs.com New Zealand www.ablepersonnel.co.nz www.ambition.com.au www.bestjobs.co.nz www.frenz.co.nz www.job.co.nz www.jobstuff.co.nz www.jobuniverse.co.nz www.martinpersonnel.co.nz www.workinnz.co.nz www.working.com www.seek.co.nz www.rwr.co.nz www.netcheck.co.nz 79 Poland www.jobs.pl www.source-hr.net www.timlewisrecruitment.com Austria www.jobboesre.at www.jobpilot.net www.tourismusbetriebe.at www.aha.or.at/arbeit www.gastrojobs.com Romania www.bestjobs.neogen.ro www.source-hr.net Russia www.source-hr.net Saudi Arabia www.eurostaff.cz Singapur www.jdvinternational.com 80 Slovenia www.source-hr.net www.zapolistev.net Middle East www.careermideast.com www.gulfys.com/Jobs www.jobsindubai.com www.skill-link.com Spain www.trabajos.com Sweden www.jobsinhubs.com Turkey www.insankaynaklari.com USA www.actualjobs.com www.agenturappe.cz www.ajb.dni.us www.ajb2.com www.beachboardwalk.com www.bestjobsusa.com www.bigjobs.net www.career.com www.careerperfect.com 81 www.coboljobs.com www.coolworks.com www.ijive.com www.job.com www.job-hunt.org www.jobhospital.ifo www.j1jobs.com www.nowhiring.com www.prace-v-usa.cz www.laurygroup.com www.michaelpage.com www.jobsearch.org www.nationjob.com www.jobfactory.com www.employment911.com www.futureaccess.com www.flipdog.com www.hotjobs.yahoo.com www.jobs-in-the-usa.com www.resortjobs.com www.snagajob.com www.worktree.com www.summerjobs.com www.4entertainmentjobs.com 82 www.recruiteronline.com Great Britain and Ireland www.adecco.uk www.agenturappe.cz www.albionjob.cz www.bohemiaking.co.uk www.gumtree.com www.independent.co.uk www.jobcentreplus.gov.uk www.londonjobs.co.uk www.jobs-england.com www.jobsite.co.uk www.melanie.cz www.monster.co.uk www.velkabritanie.com www.velka-britanie.com www.yell.co.uk Vietnam www.vietnamwork.com 83 4Tourism and seasonal work Tourism www.agenturappe.cz www.beachboardwalk.com www.catererglobal.com www.coolworks.com www.cruisejobfinder.com www.dixiesearch.com www.gastrojobs.com www.hoteljobs.ie www.lifeguard.com www.melanie.cz www.nps.gov www.perega.com www.prace-na-lodi.cz www.resertjobs.com www.seasonworkers.com www.tourismbetriebe.at www.vacationwork.co.uk www.wcc.cz 84 Seasonal work www.beachboardwalk.com, USA www.coolworks.com, USA www.cruisejobfinder.com www.eurosummerjobs.com, EU www.fruitfuljobs.com www.gastrojobs.com 85 5Interships and Practical training Aisec Senovážná 2, Praha 1, 110 00 www.aisec.cz/about, cz.mc@aisec.org , 89 countries Alfa agency Za Poříčskou branou 4 Praha 8 186 00 222360511 www.alfa-agency.cz, praha@alfa-agency.cz, Australia, JAR, Kanada, USA Asse-Aspire Worldwide, Francouzská 23, Praha 2, 120 00, 224251721, www.asse.cz, asse@asse.cz USA CCUSA Thákurova 3/676, Praha 6, 160 00, 220181780, www.ccusa.cz, info@ccusa.cz, USA Coolagent Jungmannova 28/747, 110 00, Praha1, 296246111, www.coolagent.cz, coolagent@coolagent.cz, USA Czech-us Senovážné nám.23, Praha 1, 110 00, 776367740, www.czech-us.cz, czechus@seznam.cz GTS int, 844140140, www.gtsint.cz, rezervace@gtsint.cz, USA Student agency, Ječná 39, 120 00, Praha 2, 224 999 666, www.studentagency.cz, info@studentagency.cz, Brazil, Kanada, New Zealand,USA Study line, Uhelný trh 9, 110 00, Praha 1, 224 233 428, www.studyline.cz, info.pha@studyline.cz, Australia, Kanada, USA Studypoint, Nádražní 56/740, Praha 5, 150 00, 224 934 279, www.studypoint.cz, info@studypoint.cz, Australia, Kanada, USA Sws group, Vaníčkova 7, Praha 6, 169 00, 234 678 338, www.swsgroup.cz, info@swsgroup.cz, Australia, France, Spain, USA 86