Info-CRIPA - Faculté de médecine vétérinaire | Université de Montréal

Swine and Poultry
Infectious Diseases
Research Center
Info-CRIPA
January 2014 I No 7
Annual report for the activity of the Swine and Poultry Infectious
Diseases Research Center
http://www.crip.umontreal.ca/en/home
Activity for the November 2012 to December 2013 period
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January 2014 I No 7
A Word from the Director
As you flip through the pages of the annual 2012-2013 report, you will
see the results of another great year. We have accomplished a major goal
for our network! Last May, we successfully renewed our FRQNT grant,
which will allow us to continue pursuing our mission.
We are proud to now call ourselves the CRIPA. The group now includes
experts in poultry research and in the fields of animal nutrition, aerobiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis of infection, and clinicians in poultry
health. Our research programs have been strengthened by the addition of
new research fields, including virology, mixed infections, treatment strategies, alternatives to antibiotics and the judicious use of antibiotics,
and veterinary public health. The cooperation of several strong
research programs across Quebec allows us to share our expertise in porcine and poultry infectious
diseases more effectively and to continue finding new solutions.
Our group hosted several important networking activities. The 6 th CRIP symposium was held in conjunction with the 80th ACFAS conference, which focused on animal microbiota on May 8 and 9 2013.
This symposium achieved its objective of creating a dynamic environment that promoted the exchange of ideas and research collaborations. This also provided our students with the opportunity to
present most of the research data of our group members.
Following the symposium, the 3rd edition of the Café-CRIPA took place on May 29 th 2013. Jointly
organized by the FMV diagnostic services, the Café-CRIPA took place during the annual CAHLN
meeting focusing on the PRRS virus and was a great success.
An important part of our mission is the training of highly qualified students and personnel. Several
workshops and conferences complemented our yearly program. A student committee was formed
this summer and has already met three times to improve and direct our future activities.
Following an internal survey of our members, it was recognized that we need to improve the diffusion of our results and increase the visibility of the expertise of our group. To achieve this, a
knowledge transfer committee was created and a designated knowledge transfer resource person was hired in the fall of 2013.
I invite everyone to discover our achievements described within this 7 th edition of the InfoCRIPA. I highlighted individual contributions and would like to thank each and every one of you
for having participated in this group adventure.
Enjoy the read,
Josée Harel
Director
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January 2014 I No 7
We Welcome our New Members 2012-2013
Martine Boulianne
U Montréal
Research interests: Poultry in
all its forms: feathers, carcass,
and eggs; risk factors for Salmonella and Campylobacter
contamination and alternate
strategies to antibiotic use.
Ismail Fliss
U Laval
Frédéric Guay
U Laval
Research interests: Management and nutrition of
swine, role of vitamins
and minerals in nutrition;
organic pork production,
mycotoxins and swine
nutrition.
Marie-Odile Benoit-Biancamano
U Montréal
Younès Chorfi
U Montréal
Research interests: Effect of
mycotoxins on animal health
and immune system performance, on susceptibility to
infections; improvement of
animal health by targeted
nutrition and feeding.
Michel Frenette
U Laval
Research interests: Single cell
adaptation, molecular ecology
of procaryots, bacterial molecular genetics, collaborates
with S. Charette and D.
Grenier.
Research interests: Pharmacological toxicology, pharmacogenetics,
and exotic animal pathology
– PRRS virus
and Streptococcus suis project.
Maryse Boucher
Cégep de Saint-Hyacinthe
Research interests: collaboration with Dr.
J. Daniel Dubreuil focused
on E. coli enterotoxins.
Research interests: Probiotics and bacterial probiotics in disease
prevention
and resistance
to
enteric
infections;
rapid detection of pathogenic
microflora (gene probes, PCR,
RT-PCR, NASBA); in vitro
simulation of the human digestive system.
Xin Zhao
U McGill
Research
interests:
microbial
virulence
strategies that affect
the host immune response;
mechanisms
used by pathogenic
bacteria to initiate intestinal
infections,
vaccine development,
and prebiotics and probiotics as alternatives to antibiotics.
Retiring
Professor Brian Geoffrey Talbot has been a member of the CRIP since its
creation in 2006 until 2012. He was a longtime collaborator with the
GREMIP, he was also a member of the Canadian Research Network on
Bacterial Pathogens of Swine (CRNBPS - 2000-2005), the Canadian Swine
Infectious Diseases Network (SidNet - 2005-2007) and the Regroupement Valorisation Recherche Québec (veterinary vaccines - 2002-2006).
He collaborated with Drs. François Malouin, Mario Jacques and Marie
Archambault. Dr. Talbot began his career in 1986 at the University of Sherbrooke in the
biology department. His research interests focused on the development of a vaccine to treat
Staphylococcus aureus, a causative agent of bovine mastitis, molecular DNA transporters and
the immune response to DNA vaccines. Known for his innovative teaching approaches,
Dr. Talbot’s career spanned 26 years at the University of Sherbrooke.
Thank you to Dr. Talbot for his major contribution and active participation.
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Administrative News
STRATEGIC GROUP FRQNT: The CRIPA was renewed for 6 more years!
In an uncertain funding atmosphere, the Swine Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIP) renewed its
funding from the FRQNT. This funding totals over 2.8 million dollars for 6 years and now includes the
poultry industry, thus the new acronym CRIPA (the A for avian). The CRIPA includes over 40 researchers
from different universities, government institutions and industrial partners, and the CEGEP of
Saint-Hyacinthe.
The CRIPA mission is to contribute to the treatment, management and eradication of infectious diseases
of economic importance to the porcine and poultry industries that can also have an impact on public
health. Therefore, the CRIPA participates in the Quebec research mission.
New CRIPA executive Committee
The CRIPA executive committee was formed this summer. The committee is composed of the director,
the assistant director, the head of each research sector, the vice-dean (Research) of faculty, representatives from the pork, poultry (including eggs sector) and pharmaceutics industries and the CRIPA
coordinator. In addition, a student representative is present during the committee meetings. The new
committee members include:
Josée Harel, Carl A. Gagnon, Denis Archambault, Charles M. Dozois, Martin Chénier,
Jean-Pierre Vaillancourt, John M. Fairbrother, Ann Letellier, Pierre Falardeau, Danielle
Pettigrew, Angèle Hudon-Tanguay, Julie Dufresne, Martine Labonté, Isabelle Sénéchal, Jacques
Lussier, Josée Daigneault and Alexandre Thibodeau.
The mandate of this committee is to meet annually to:
 Decide the direction of the CRIPA for the upcoming year;
 Approve the budget;
 Debate and vote on CRIPA rules;
 Approve new members.
CRIPA Student Committee
Following a consultation with the CRIPA student members,
the student committee was formed at the beginning of the
summer. Alexandre Thibodeau represents the post-doctoral
fellows, Philippe Vogeleer represents the PhD candidates,
and Martine Audet represents the Master’s students.
The mandate of this committee is to represent students, propose and recommend new activities
to the CRIPA executive committee, and organize specific activities, such as training activities
during the annual CRIPA symposium.
CRIPA Knowledge Transfer Committee
This new committee focuses and develops policies and knowledge transfer channels for the CRIPA. It has developed a strategy to share information and remains
in contact with members to showcase their research achievements. This
committee includes CRIPA members Drs. Marcelo Gottschalk and Martine
Boulianne, a representative from porcine sector, Dr. Martine Denicourt, and
a representative from the poultry sector, Mr. Denis Frenette from the FPOCQ,
as well as the CRIPA coordinator Cécile Crost and the knowledge transfer Hélène Poirier
agent Hélène Poirier, who joined the network in September 2013.
The mandate of this committee is to meet once or twice yearly to increase the visibility of
our results with the end-users.
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News from our members
Sylvain Quessy and Ann Letellier, Université de Montréal
During the “Gala d’excellence de la Fondation Estrienne en environnement” held on October 23 2012,
Laboratoire M2 (Drs. Ann Letellier and Sylvain Quessy) won the top prize in the “Innovation en développement durable” category.
For their project aimed at improving food safety and quality,
funded by the Canadian International Development Agency
(CIDA), Sylvain Quessy and Ann Letellier completed their
mission in Vietnam in December 2013. This project will end in
March 2014 with the submission of the final report.
The “Label vert” certification of VietGAP was awarded to 14 agricultural businesses of South Vietnam for their good agricultural
practices. These businesses now have access to international markets such as Europe, Japan and the United States of America. This is the result of 7 years of cooperation between Canada via the Research Chair
in Meat Safety (RCMS) and Vietnam.
Dr. Letellier was also on the TV show “L’épicerie” televised on Wednesday March 27 on RadioCanada. She commented on the fact that the USA added six new E. coli serotypes other than O157 to
the list of pathogens detected in beef. To see the TV show, go to http://www.tou.tv/l-epicerie/S2012E26,
Dr. Letellier’s contribution is at the 8 min mark.
She also received the 2013 “Prix d’excellence Vétoquinol pour la recherche” which is awarded to a
faculty member that demonstrated outstanding contribution to the training of graduate students in
veterinary sciences.
In collaboration with the Éleveurs de porc du Québec, Dr Letellier completed two projects for the
CDAQ (Conseil pour le Développement de l’Agriculture du Québec). These projects were entitled
“Comparaison des médicaments vétérinaires homologués au Canada en comparaison aux principaux pays producteurs de porcs et importateurs de viande porcine canadienne” and “Enquête sur
l’utilisation des antibiotiques en production porcine au Québec dans le groupe naissancefinition”. The research performed in both projects will have a significant impact on the stakeholder
in the swine industry.
Josée Harel, Université de Montréal
On October 21 2013, Dr. Josée Harel introduced the Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease
Research Centre (CRIPA) to over twenty representatives from French agrifood businesses and
research groups. These representatives visited the Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire and its
researchers.
Under the umbrella of the Valorial and Vitagora competitiveness clusters, the members of these
organisations hope to discuss the techniques and processes used in certain fields such as antibiotic resistance, genomics, bacteriophages, and public health.
Martine Denicourt, Université de Montréal
Since the 8th of November 2013, a new executive committee directs the “AVIA”. The new
president Dr. Martine Denicourt, DVM, is an invited professor at the Faculté de médecine
vétérinaire, where she teaches swine production management with great enthusiasm and is
also a member of CRIPA.
Congratulations to Dr. Denicourt for her promotion!
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Mariela Segura , Université de Montréal
As a winner of a Québec women of distinction award in 2012, Dr. Segura was
interviewed and the video is available on YouTube at http://www.youtube.com/watch
feature=player_embedded&v=xdhWUxJPFCg
Marcelo Gottschalk, Université de Montréal
In collaboration with Drs. Mariela Segura, Serge Rivest (Université Laval) and Jiangun Xu (Stage Key Laboratory, CDC Beijing), Dr. Marcelo Gottschalk was able to receive funding from the China-Canada Joint Health
Research Initiative program of the Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR). The project is called CanadaChina studies on the emerging zoonotic agent Streptococcus suis.
In collaboration with their Chinese colleagues, Drs. Mariela Segura and Marcello Gottschalk were the primary organizers of
the first international symposium on S. suis in China. This symposium was held in Beijing last August and brought together approximately 100 international experts on S. suis.
This symposium also included the participation of two researchers from
the Université Laval, Drs. Daniel Grenier and Laetitia Bonifait. For
more information : http://www.crip.umontreal.ca/documents/documents/
FACTUEL_International%20Symposium%20on%20S%20suis_2013(1).pdf
With the participation from one of their laboratory alumni, Nahuel Fittipaldi of the Methodist
Hospital Research Institute, Drs. Segura and Gottschalk wrote Chapter 13 about meningitis caused by Streptococcus suis, in a new book entitled: Meningitis - Cellular and molecular basis.
Notably, the cover picture is from their research team.
Dr. Marcelo Gottschalk received the Pfizer Prize of excellence in research which is award to
professors to recognize their efforts and productivity in research and the quality of their research
projects.
He was also the chairman of the Streptococcus suis : Disease and future challenge Symposium
held from May 19 to 24 in Cuba.
J. Daniel Dubreuil, Université de Montréal
In June 2013, Dr. J. Daniel Dubreuil was named the president
of the Canadian Society of Microbiologists (CSM).
Dr Dubreuil published a review article in Toxins 2013 entitled:
Antibacterial and Antidiarrheal Activities of Plant Products
against Enterotoxinogenic Escherichia coli. that assembles the
sparse information available about the anti-diarrheal activity of
various plant products that also have an effect on diarrhea
caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). (5(11) 2009-2041;
doi:10.3390/toxins5112009.)
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/5/11/2009
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Christian Klopfenstein, Centre de développement du porc du Québec
On March 14 2013, Drs. Christian Klopfenstein from CDPQ and Dora Rodriguez from CQVB organized
an information session for veterinarians and swine producers about the disease surveillance systems and
tools developed at the regional, provincial, and federal levels that allow for real time disease surveillance.
Dr. Sylvie D’Allaire and Marie-Ève Lambert presented a seminar entitled “La FMV et la surveillance du
SRRP” demonstrating that molecular tools are not just important for rapid intervention, but also for the
long term fight against the PRRS virus.
An overview of this meeting was published in a “Bio Trends” bulletin by the CQVB and was written by Drs
Klopfenstein and Cécile Crost. The publication is available at no cost and the title is: Monitoring swine
diseases in Canada: Databases and information systems.
In French: http://cqvb.net/Documents_en_ligne/Publications_gratuites/BTD-13-07_SystemesInformation.pdf
In English : http://cqvb.net/Documents_en_ligne/Publications_gratuites/BTD-13-07A_SystemesInformation.pdf
Charles M. Dozois, INRS-IAF
Dr. Charles M. Dozois is a member of the National Organizing Committee for the International Union
of Microbiological Societies (IUMS). He acts as the Co-Chair of the scientific program and Canadian
Vice-Chair of the XIVth International Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology that will take
place in 2014.
Philippe Fravalo, Université de Montréal
Dr. Philippe Fravalo was named to the “Évaluation des risques biologiques dans
les aliments” committee of ANSES (France) for a three year mandate.
A most probable number (MPN) based method named “mini-MSRV” , for Salmonella quantification in the agri-food context that was developed by Philippe Fravalo
as part of Dr. Salvat’s team at the AFSSA in France, is now included in the ISO6579 standard in Europe .
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1745 -4581.2003.tb00031.x/
abstract;jsessionid=34607C57C6FD6EE5EACE6B40F1CFB18F.f01t02
In partnership with Société Olymel and F. Ménard inc., Dr. Fravalo also received funding from
the Collaborative Research and Development program managed by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).
The research project is entitled “Le procédé d’abattage/découpe des porcs sélectionne Listeria
monocytogenes” and will involve collaborations with Drs. Ann Letellier, Mario Jacques,
Sylvain Quessy and four Health Canada representatives.
Steve Charette, Université Laval
A study from the laboratory of Steve Charette focused on the role of
multilamellar bodies rejected by amoebas was featured on the cover of
the October 2013 issue of Eukaryotic cell.
http://ec.asm.org/content/12/10/1326.abstract?sid=3462dd6f-c4d4-4fe5-be0bdc3710f38e5f
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Jean-Pierre Vaillancourt, Université de Montréal
From March 19 to 23 2013, Dr. Jean-Pierre Vaillancourt was in Mexico to lead a research team responsible
for the surveillance of an epidemic of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H7N3) in the state of Guanajuato.
Dr. Vaillancourt also participated in a discussion panel about recent initiatives and innovations in
re-emergent infectious diseases at the international France-Québec-Afrique conference. This event, organized
by the INSPQ, was held at the National Museum of Fine Arts of Québec in Québec from the 1 st to 3rd of October 2013. In addition, he hosted a workshop about the creation of a zoonosis monitoring program.
Marie Archambault, Université de Montréal
Dr. Archambault co-authored the second edition of the Clinical Veterinary Microbiology
textbook. This book discusses the collection, isolation and culturing of clinical specimens
and provides detailed information about biochemical, serological and other tests used to
identify and differentiate pathogens of veterinary importance.
The bacteriology section discusses antibiotic resistance in pathogens of veterinary
importance. This work is the result of close collaborations with the University College
Dublin and Irish Equine Center in Ireland.
She also gave an interview for the Veterinarius, the official journal of the “Ordre des médecins vétérinaires du Québec”.
During the fall of 2013, Dr. Archambault also took part in a mandatory training session focused on
the judicious use of antibiotics for veterinarians in the context of the provincial strategy for the health
and well being of animals.
John M. Fairbrother, Université de Montréal
Dr. John M. Fairbrother developed an online database for animal pathogenic and zoonotic E. coli
(APZEC) that is a dynamic and user-friendly epidemiology tool for the surveillance of virulence and antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic E. coli.
This unique database is accessible for everyone and offers virulence gene and antimicrobial resistance
profiles of APZEC found in production animals, pets, wild life, environment and processed food.
Since 2008, data associated with 2600
isolates have been collected from different
animal species in Québec, including
swine, cattle and poultry.
For more information : www.apzec.ca
Dr. Fairbrother also wrote a review article :
Fairbrother, J.M. 2013. Literature review on the control of Verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) in
food-producing animals for the OIE Animal Production Food Safety Working Group (APFSWG),
36pp.
Jérôme del Castillo, Université de Montréal
Dr. Jérôme del Castillo wrote Chapter 15 of the 5th edition of Antimicrobial Therapy in
Veterinary Medicine, a reference book for veterinary practitioners. This chapter was about
tetracyclines.
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Martine Boulianne, Université de Montréal
Dr. Martine Boulianne was the editor in chief of the 7 th edition of the Avian Disease
Manual, a publication by the American Association of Avian Pathologists (AAAP).
Under the direction of Dr. Boulianne, this book of over 300 pages was completely updated.
The superb cover photo is the work of Marco Langlois.
http://www.aaap.info/avian-disease-manual
Members of CRIPA cited in the Porc Québec magazine
The Canadian Swine Health Board (CSHB) financed several research projects on swine health which included the improvement of diagnostic tools, whole genome sequencing of the PRSS virus and virus survival in biofilms. The investigators for these projects were Drs. Josée Harel, Carl Gagnon and Mario
Jacques.
http://www.leseleveursdeporcsduquebec.com/upa_porcs_files/federations/pdf/centre_de_doc/
final_sans_pub_porc_quebec_avril_2013.pdf
Three artciles written by Dr. Ann Letellier, holder of the NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat Safety, and her technical assistant, Dr. Nadia Bergeron, have been published in a special report on the
judicious use of antibiotics in the December 2013 edition of the “Porc Québec” Magazine.
L’ABC des antibiotiques : http://www.crip.umontreal.ca/documents/documents/L'ABC%20des%20antibiotiques.pdf
Des solutions de rechange pour lutter contre la résistance des bactéries aux antibiotiques :http://
www.crip.umontreal.ca/documents/documents/Des%20solutions%20de%20rechange%20pour%20lutter%20contre%20la%
20r%C3%A9sistance%20des%20bact%C3%A9ries%20aux%20antibiotiques.pdf
Une Chaire de recherche en salubrité des viandes au service des éleveurs : http://www.crip.umontreal.ca/documents/
documents/Une%20Chaire%20de%20recherche%20en%20salubrit%C3%A9%20des%20viandes%20au%20service%
20des%20%C3%A9leveurs.pdf
The December 2013 edition also includes an article presenting the research done in the CRIPA as
well as an article that summarizes the research progress on the swine microbiome presented during the 2013 CRIPA symposium.
Le CRIPA : l’avant-garde québécoise d’un porc en santé ! : http://www.crip.umontreal.ca/documents/documents/Le%
20CRIPA%20-%20L'avant-garde%20qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9coise%20d'un%20porc%20en%20sant%C3%A9.pdf
Les microbes, pas que des ennemis pour le gain de poids des porcelets : http://www.crip.umontreal.ca/documents/
documents/Les%20microbes,%20pas%20que%20des%20ennemis%20pour%20le%20gain%20de%20poids%20des%
20porcelets.pdf
A University Laval research team lead by Dr. Frédéric Guay investigated the use of two strategies to reduce the feed cost associated with fattening pigs.
Le gain compensatoire : gagnant sur tous les plans ! : http://www.crip.umontreal.ca/documents/documents/Le%
20gain%20compensatoire%20-%20gagnant%20sur%20tous%20les%20plans.pdf
Finally, Dr. Christian Klopfenstein and his colleague, Élise Gauthier, developed an informatic tool for the management of sanitary conditions in the swine industry.
Un « portail santé » pour optimiser le travail sanitaire sur le terrain. : http://www.crip.umontreal.ca/
documents/documents/Un%20portail%20sant%C3%A9%20pour%20optimiser%20le%20travail%20sanitaire%
20sur%20le%20terrain.pdf
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Our Trainees Shine
Sébastien Sabbagh, Université de Montréal
Sébastien, a Ph.D. student and CRIPA member in the laboratory of Dr. France
Daigle, was interviewed by “Les années lumière” a radio segment dedicated
to science at Radio-Canada.
http://www.radio-canada.ca/emissions/les_annees_lumiere/2013-2014/chronique.asp?
idChronique=320109
Yannick Tremblay, Université de Montréal
Yannick, a post-doctoral trainee in the laboratories of Drs. Mario Jacques and
Josée Harel, presented their most recent findings on November 26 2013 in a
webinar entitled : “L'impact des biofilms dans la salubrité alimentaire et la santé
animale”.
The webinar was organized by the “Centre québécois de valorisarion des biotechnologies”, the United States-Mexico Foundation for Science (FUMEC), and TECHPYME alimentos, in collaboration with CRIPA and the “Cité de la biotechnologie de
St-Hyacinthe”. Yannick was one of the featured speakers, he spoke alongside
Philip S. Stuart from Montana State University and Alejandro Castillo from Texas
A&M University. Their presentations allowed for a better understanding of the
impact of biofilm-formation on the efficacy of disinfection (from the farm to the
table) and on the treatment of infections.
Marie-Lou Gaucher, Université de Montréal
Dr. Gaucher presented the results of her Ph.D. project entitled: “Tests de production à grande échelle de poulets sans antibiotiques” during an AQINAC
meeting, a poultry industry event that brings producers and stakeholders together.
Marie-Lou performed her doctoral research in the laboratory of the research
chair in meat safety in collaboration with Dr. Martine Boulianne from the
“Chaire en recherche avicole”. The results of her project were of great interest to members of the poultry industry.
CRIPA Activities in 2013
A training project run with the collaboration of CRIPA members qualified for Science on Stage Canada
Over 350 science teachers from 25 countries presented their teaching philosophies at the
Science on Stage festival held from April 25 to 28 in Stubice (Poland) and Frankfurt
(Germany). Among the 6 competitors from Canada, the project “Design pédagogique d’un microstage en recherche au pré-universitaire en Science de la nature: de l’intention à l’action”
distinguishes itself by the opportunity offered to students spend 2 days observing the daily
life of researchers in universities, the government or industries. This project was achieved
through the collaboration of CRIPA members and was presented by Huguette Thibeault, a
biology teacher at the Cégep de Saint-Hyacinthe.
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81st ACFAS conference
The CRIPA organized two activities associated with the ACFAS conference on May 8th and 9th 2013 at the Universite Laval in Québec City.
On May 8, the activity focused on the symposium “Colloque 227-Le
microbiote animal : une question d'équilibre!”
The presentation was given by Richard Isaacson (University of Minnesota), Janet Hill
(University of Saskatchewan), Évelyne Forano (INRA de Theix), Janet MacInnes
(University of Guelph) and Guylaine Talbot (CRDBLP, AAC).
On May 9, the CRIPA held its 6th Annual Symposium which detailed the research activity of the CRIPA. Dr. Marie-Rose Van Calsteren and our students presented
their results orally and a poster session was also held.
Fernando Alvarez from the FMV (supervised by Dr. Carl A. Gagnon) received the
1st prize for the best oral presentation followed by Pascale Blais-Lecours from
Université Laval (cosupervised by Dr. Caroline Duchaine). The 1st prize for best poster presentation was awarded to Nissanka Nilmini Mendis of McGill University
(supervised by Dr. Sébastien Faucher) followed by Kathleen Charles of the INRSIAF (supervised by Dr. Charles M. Dozois).
The CAFÉ-CRIPA: Mai 29, 2013
On May 29 2013, we held our 3rd Café-CRIPA at the Faculté de médecine vétérinaire of
the Université de Montréal. This event was organized in collaboration with the FMV
diagnostic service under the direction of Dr. Estella Cornaglia and within the context
of the annual conference of the Canadian Animal Health Laboratorians Network
(CAHLN), which was presided this year by Dr. Cornaglia.
The themes of the meeting included the porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome
virus (PRRSV), Mycoplasma hyonoris, Brachyspira and S. suis. These subjects were presented by Drs. Carl A. Gagnon (UdeM), Jane C. Hennings (University of Minnesota), John
Harding (University of Saskatchewan), Marcelo Gottschalk (UdeM) and Maria Calvijo (University of Minnesota).
2nd symposium of the BiSP/Integrative Bacteriology
Over 100 individuals participated in the symposium with an excellent program entitled, Integrated
Bacteriology: Symbiosis and pathogenesis (2nd edition). This symposium, which was started by Dr.
Steve Charette, a professor at the Universté Laval, was organized in collaboration with the CRIPA. The event was held at
the Université Laval on November 28 and 29 2013. In addition to presentations by two guest speakers (Didier Bouchon
and Martin Filion), the program included 19 oral presentations and 26 poster presentations.
Several students from CRIPA shined in their presentations,
notably Nissanka Mendis of McGill University (Laboratory of
Sébastien Faucher) who obtained the prize for the best presentation by a master’s student. From the FMV, Philippe
Vogeleer, a PhD student (supervised by Josée Harel) won
the same award in the PhD student category. Laetitia Bonifait (Laboratory of Caroline Duchaine) and Julie Jeukens (Laboratory of Roger Levesque), both from
the Université Laval, shared ex aequo the prize in the Postdoc category. Prizes for the best oral
presentations were offered by CRIPA. Other students from our center also shined with their poster presentations: Bruno Haas and Marie-Pierre Morin, who both won top prizes, are members
of Dr. Daniel Grenier’s (U. Laval) laboratory.
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Lunch conferences at the CRIPA/GREMIP
Eleven conferences were given to our students, members and guests of the CRIPA and the GREMIP.
These presentations, given by high-level researchers, are always an opportunity to acquire new
knowledge in a friendly atmosphere.
The presentations that were held during the last year are as follow:
Speakers
Dates
Titles
Sébastien P. Faucher
McGill
November 22
Legionella pneumophila : une histoire d'eau
Nahuel Fittipaldi
University of Toronto
December 7
Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of a Continuing
Group A Streptococcus Epidemic
Isabelle Oswald
INRA, Toulouse, France
December 12
Le porc : animal cible et modèle pour l'étude des mycotoxines
Caroline Duchaine
U Laval
February 14
Bioaérosols dans les porcheries : un modèle de choix!
Eric Déziel
INRS-IAF
April 10
The various lifestyles of the Burkholderia cepacia complex species: a tribute to adaptation
Catherine Paradis-Bleau
U Montréal
April 25
Découverte de nouveaux facteurs importants pour la
biosynthèse de l'enveloppe bactérienne
Melha Mellata
Arizona State University
September 4
Understanding the virulence and zoonotic risk of Extraintestinal Pathogenic E. coli and vaccine design
strategies their infections in both humans and poultry
Ismail Fliss
U Laval
September 26
Les bactéries lactiques bactériocinogènes : une nouvelle génération de probiotiques à fort potentiel pour
les secteurs médical et vétérinaire
Dao Nguyen
U McGill
October 3
Antibiotic tolerance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa : to
die or not to die
Sarah Chuzeville
ANSES, INRA, France
November 12
Caractérisation des fonctions codées par les éléments
intégratifs et conjugatifs (ICE) intégrés dans un gène
codant un ARNt lysine chez Streptococcus agalactiae
Fadia Naim
Cintech
December 4
CINTECH, illustration d’un réseau CTT sur la valorisation et la sécurité alimentaire
2012
2013
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Technological and multidisciplinary workshop
In 2013, these workshops specifically targeted the CRIPA students
Best in Genomics - Technological Workshop
This workshop aimed at developing entrepreneurial skills in genomics. The objective was to promote and
maximize the translation of innovative research work and results into profitable commercial applications.
This workshop was presented by Carole Pumas and Marie-Eve Dextraze on October 24 2013 at the FMV.
OPIC Workshop - Multidisciplinary Workshop
A workshop entitled “Les rudiments de la propriété intellectuelle: quels avantages peut-elle vous offrir?”
was presented by Serge Lapointe (Fasken Martineau) and Lynda Adam (UMontréal) on April 18 2013.
Molecular Epidemiology Workshop - Multidisciplinary Workshop
Under the initiative of Dr. Simon Dufour, director at the Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality
Research Network (CBMQRN), and in collaboration of CRIPA and GREZOSP, Drs. Julio Álvarez Sánchez
of VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre of the Complutense, University of Madrid and Andres Perez of the Center for Animal Disease
Modeling and Surveillance, UC Davis, US, gave a workshop entitled: "Understanding molecular data – from nucleotides to molecular-based surveillance and source attribution". This workshop
was held at the Faculté de médecine vétérinaire on November 18
to 20 2013.
The training taught the basics of molecular epidemiology and explored validated biofinformatics tools and approaches commonly
used for innovative research. The success of this workshop was
due to the combined efforts of all the collaborators.
Graduate of the CRIPA
Doctoral Theses
CRÉPIN, Sébastien. 2012. Rôle du système de transport du phosphate Pst et du régulon Pho
dans la virulence de la souche E. coli uropathogène CFT073. Centre INRS-Institut
Armand-Frappier. Supervisor: Charles M. Dozois, Cosupervisor: Josée Harel
FOREST, Chantal. 2012. Caractérisation des fimbriae de Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi.
Université de Montréal. Supervisor: France Daigle
SABBAGH, Sébastien. 2013. Identification de mutants essentiels à la survie de Salmonella
enterica serovar Typhi dans les macrophages. Université de Montréal. Supervisor: France
Daigle
THIBODEAU, Alexandre. 2013. Caractérisation phénotypique et génotypique de Campylobacter jejuni et évaluation d’une stratégie de contrôle de la colonisation du poulet de chair par
ce pathogène alimentaire. Université de Montréal. Supervisor: Ann Letellier, Cosupervisors: Sylvain Quessy, Évelyne Guévremont
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Doctoral Theses (continued)
TREMBLAY, Cindy-Love. 2013. Étude de la résistance aux antibiotiques des entérocoques d'origine
animale du Québec. Université de Montréal. Supervisor: Marie Archambault, Cosupervisors:
Ann Letellier, Jérôme del Castillo
Masters Theses
ALVAREZ, Fernando. 2013. Création d’un modèle cellulaire des voies respiratoires du porc pour étudier
les effets d’une co-infection virale au virus du syndrome reproducteur et respiratoire porcin et au
circovirus porcin. Université de Montréal. Supervisor: Carl A. Gagnon
BOUCHARD, Marilyne. 2013. Caractérisation de la salmochéline chez Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi.
Université de Montréal. Supervisor: France Daigle
CLARKE, Damian. 2012. Role of CD4+ T cells in the regulation of the immune response against encapsulated Group B Streptococcus. Université de Montréal. Supervisor: Mariela Segura
DANG, Khanh B. 2012. Detection and quantification of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B in food
product using isotopic dilution techniques and mass spectrometry. Université de Montréal.
Supervisor: Ann Letellier
DAVID, Élise. 2012. Caractérisation et délétion de tous les systèmes d'adhésion connus de Salmonella enterica sérovar Typhi. Université de Montréal. Supervisor: France Daigle
FERCHICHI, Salma. 2013. Pharmacocinétique de population du propofol chez le chien. Université de
Montréal. Supervisor: Jérôme del Castillo
LARIVIÈRE-GAUTHIER, Guillaume. 2013. Détection et caractérisation génétique de Listeria
monocytogenes dans une usine d’abattage/découpe de porcs au Québec. Université de Montréal.
Supervisor: Ann Letellier. Cosupervisors: Philippe Fravalo, Sylvain Quessy
LAVOIE, Rémi. 2013. Étude de la variation de phase des fimbriae F1651, Pap et CS31A et de l’impact des régulateurs homologues de PapI. Université de Montréal. Supervisor: Josée Harel,
Cosupervisor: Christine Martin
LÉTOURNEAU, Jason. 2013. Les bactéries exprimant AIDA-I interagissent avec l'apolipoprotéine
A-I cellulaire. Université de Montréal. Supervisor: Michaël Mourez
NGENDAHAYO MUKIZA, Clément. 2012. L’entérotoxine STb d’Escherichia coli affecte les
jonctions serrées des cellules intestinales épithéliales. Université de Montréal. Supervisor:
J. Daniel Dubreuil
PELLETIER-JACQUES, Geneviève. 2012. Étude de la virulence et de la résistance aux
antibiotiques des Staphylococcus aureus résistants à la méthicilline chez le porc à l'abattoir au
Québec. Université de Montréal. Supervisor: Marie Archambault
PHAM, Thu Minh. 2013. Potential pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli
from pig and poultry feces on-farm and carcasses at the abattoir in Vietnam. Université de
Montréal. Supervisor: John Morris Fairbrother, Cosupervisor: Ann Letellier
TRAN, Thi Phuong Hoa. 2013. Impact of pesticides on indicator and pathogenic microorganism persistence under laboratory and field conditions. Université de Montréal. Supervisor:
Ann Letellier
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Bursaries
FRQNT International Internship Bursary
Jean-Philippe Auger : En route to the United Kingdom!
This four and a half month internship was hosted by the laboratory of Dr. Myron Christodoulides at the
Faculty of Medicine at the University of Southampton, Southampton
General Hospital, in Southampton (United Kingdom). Dr. Christodoulides is recognized as an expert in the pathogenesis of bacterial
meningitis, more specifically, he studies the interaction between
human meninges cells and bacteria. His laboratory focuses their
research on Neisseria meningitidis, an important bacterial pathogens
responsible for meningitis in humans.
The aim of this internship was to study the interaction between
different Streptococcus suis serotype 2 strains and mutants and
human meningeal cells. This bacterium is an important swine pathogen and an emerging zoonotic
agent, and is implicated in hundreds of meningitis cases every
year worldwide, including two epidemics in China. Despite the
importance of meninges cells during a bacterial infection of the
nervous system, the interaction between these cells and S. suis,
which can cause meningitis, has never been investigated.
This study used meninges cells isolated from human meningiomas and these cells have been used for several years by Dr.
Christodoulides to study the human pathogens responsible for
meningitis including N. meningitidis, E. coli K1 and group B
streptococcus (GBS). Different S. suis isogenic mutants for wellcharacterized virulence factors, and human and swine isolates
representing different allelic types (ST) that are important
worldwide were used for our study and we also included the
strain responsible the 2005 human outbreak in China. Adhesion, invasion and cytotoxic effects
were measured for the different strains used, as well as the inflammatory response of the cells
when infected with the different strains.
The results revealed that different STs, as wells as certain mutants and their respective parental
strain adhered differently to meninges cells. Unlike several other bacteria studied before, none of
the S. suis strains, including the strain responsible for the Chinese outbreak, had cytotoxic effects on the meninges cells and the ability of S. suis to invade these cells was intermediate. Furthermore, S. suis induced low levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and these levels were lower
than those induced by N. meningitidis. Despite their importance during a bacterial infection,
meninges cells, which are more resistant to S. suis, are probably not the main source of inflammation observed during meningitis. However, meninges cells can interact with S. suis. The results obtained during my internship will need to be validated in an in vivo model and compared
to those obtained with pork, the natural host of S. suis.
The experiments performed during my internship allowed me to study the interaction of
S. suis with a new cell type which was not previously used and would be hard to access under
normal circumstances. The results will be published in a scientific article that is currently in
preparation.
These newly acquired cell culture skills will be advantageous to try to develop a cell model
for porcine meninges. Furthermore, these techniques will allow me to broaden the scope of
my past and future results, which will allow for the advancement of knowledge required to
develop preventative and therapeutic treatments and for diagnostic purposes.
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Finally, this internship allowed me to cement a collaboration that will improve the international reputation
of Dr. Gottschalk’s laboratory, the CRIPA, and the Université de Montréal while increasing our understanding of S. suis pathogenesis.
This collaboration between the laboratories of Drs. Gottschalk and Christodoulides could provide new
avenues for partnership for the laboratory of Dr. Gottschalk, potentially including the CRIPA, with the
University of Southampton. The future development of a porcine meninges model will be influenced by the cell culture techniques acquired
during my internship and the techniques themselves are priceless assets for our laboratory and will be available to members of CRIPA.
Jean-Philippe Auger
I thank the Fonds de recherche du Québec—Nature et technologies for the
financial support for this internship.
FRQNT International Internship Bursary
Guillaume Le Bihan : En route to France!
My two month long internship was held in the Unité Mixte de recherche
UR454 of INRA (Institut National de Recherche en Agronomie) in Clermont-Ferrand-Theix, France under the supervision of Drs. Christine
Martin and Grégory Jubelin, in collaboration with Dr. Annick BernalierDonadille. The UR454 research team studies the adaptation of
enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) to the digestive environment and the impact of the intestinal microbiome on the nutrition and health of the host.
The objective of my internship was to study the adaptation of EHEC O157:H7 strain EDL933 to the
intestinal environment conditioned by the human intestinal microbiome. EHEC strains are foodborne pathogens that infect the human intestine resulting in important morbidity and, in some
cases, mortality. EHEC are Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) and some STEC are swine pathogens that are responsible for edema disease (ED) in recently weaned piglets. EHEC strains are
normally commensal bacteria in cows but can cause bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome in humans. Strains from the O157:H7 serotype are those most frequently isolated from
clinical cases. To colonize the intestinal tract, EHEC must adapt to the presence of the intestinal
microbiome. My internship allowed me to study the transcriptional response of EDL933 cultured
in intestinal medium conditioned or not with the intestinal microbiome with the aim of discovering the adaptation strategies used by this pathogen.
I was able to take full advantage of the expertise of the INRA research team UR454
who developed a model to study the human intestinal microbiome in germ-free rats.
These rats are carefully controlled by the laboratory of Dr. Annick Bernalier-Donadille to
ensure the colonization and persistence of the human intestinal microbiome.
EHEC strain EDL933 was cultured in vitro in the caecal content of the germ-free rats
and rats colonized with the human fecal microbiome. Gene expression was measured
for EDL933 cultured under both intestinal-content conditions. A focus was put on the
genes involved in EHEC virulence and metabolism. Furthermore, an analysis of the fecal
content helped measure the concentration of several compounds important for EHEC.
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The transcrptomic data demonstrated that the metabolic state of EDL933 is very
different when exposed to the fecal content of rats conditioned with the human
intestinal microbiome in comparison to the fecal content of germ free rats. In the
caecal content of human-conditioned rats, EDL933 down-regulates its sugar catabolism genes but up-regulates its genes associated with the use of secondary
energy sources that are produced by the metabolic activity of the microbiome.
Metabolic analysis revealed that the intestinal microbiome modifies the intestinal
content by significantly limiting the concentration of several nutrients. Furthermore, our results demonstrate a down-regulation of virulence genes in the caecal
content from human microbiome-conditioned rats suggesting that the microbiome
may offer a protection against EHEC infections.
The findings that arose from my internship have been presented at several conferences and a manuscript
has recently been submitted. Furthermore, a follow up study is under way that is looking into the mechanisms used by the intestinal microbiome to inhibit EHEC virulence. Ultimately, the study of adaptation of
EHEC to the intestinal environment and the mechanisms used by the intestinal microbiome to inhibit
EHEC virulence can result in new strategies to prevent and/or treat EHEC infections.
In addition to working with high quality and rigorous team of scientific experts, this internship has allowed me to meet researchers with different specialties in an open and friendly atmosphere. Furthermore, the INRA center in Clermont-Ferrand-Theix is located in the heart of an exceptional region, Auvergne, a place to discover the welcoming atmosphere, good food and exceptional landscapes with
the occasional volcano.
Finally, this internship has allowed me to acquire new knowledge and expertise, and reinforce our
relationship with our collaborators.
Guillaume Le Bihan
I thank the Fonds de recherche du Québec—Nature et technologies for the financial support for this
internship.
Recipient of CRIPA bursary in 2013
Need-based Bursary
Master student recipient:
Doctoral student recipient:
Vicente Andres Pinilla Ramirez (UdeM)
Joseph Saoud (INRA-IAF)
Kathleen Sary (UdeM)
Guillaume Goyette-Desjardins (UdeM)
Devin Holman (UMcGill)
Philippe Vogeleer (UdeM)
Post-doctoral recipient:
Laetitia Bonifait (ULaval)
Travel Bursary – Again this year, eleven bursaries were awarded to our students:
Vicente Andres Pinilla Ramirez (UdeM)
Myriam Ouellette (ULaval)
Paul Lemire (UdeM)
Audrey Charlebois (UdeM)
Philippa Perrot (ULaval)
Mylène Blais (AAC-Lennoxville)
Gabriel Desmarais (UdeM)
Flavien Ndongo UdeM)
Philippe Lebel (UdeM)
Laam Li(UMcGill)
Gaëlle Porcheron (INRS-IAF)
Congratulation to all trainees !
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New initiatives
2011 Competition
« Relation entre protozoaires aquatiques et survie d’Escherichia coli entérohémorragique dans l’environnement »
France Daigle (FMV-UMontréal), Steve Charette (ULaval), Charles Dozois (INRS-IAF), Josée Harel (FMVUMontréal)
E. coli is a bacterium that naturally colonizes the intestinal epithelium of humans and other animals. This
bacterium is considered a commensal but can also be associated with infections. A group of bacterial
pathogens, the attaching and effacing E. coli (AEEC) cause intestinal infections that are associated with
effacement of intestinal microvilli and diarrhea. Among AEEC, we find strains that infect swine and strains
that produce Shiga-toxin, which include E. coli O157:H7 (enterohemorrhagic E. coli or EHEC). In the last
few years, this last group has been associated with serious food-borne infections that may result in hemolytic-uremic syndrome.
Domesticated ruminants are the main reservoir of E. coli O157:H7 and pigs are infrequent carriers. The
transmission of E. coli O157:H7 to humans is through food or water that has been contaminated with
feces from animals carrying this pathogen. EHEC can survive in surface water by expressing specific
genes that allow them to adapt to this environmental condition, therefore, drinking water is vulnerable
to EHEC contamination and represents a constant risk of outbreak. In the aquatic environment, protozoans, including free amoebas, are known to host and protect several pathogens from the water.
The research hypothesis was that amoebas found in water could be a reservoir of E. coli O157:H7.
Furthermore, water, which is a phosphate poor environment, could induce the expression of the Pho
regulon and other genes required for the survival of EHEC in amoebas.
The study demonstrated that the amount of E. coli O157:H7 was significantly larger when cultured
in the presence of amoebas than in their absence. Using E. coli O157:H7 derived mutants, the team
demonstrated that the Pho regulon was essential for the growth of EHEC in co-culture with amoebas. However, Shiga toxins (Stx) prevented the internalization and survival of E. coli O157:H7 in
amoebas. This study suggests that protozoans play a role in the persistence of pathogenic E. coli in
the environment and this study could help prevent and protect against contamination by STEC.
2012 Competition
« Rôle des biofilms bactériens dans la persistance de virus pathogènes
du porc dans l’environnement de la ferme »
Mario Jacques (FMV-UMontréal), Carl A. Gagnon (FMV-UMontréal), Daniel Grenier (ULaval)
A biofilm represents a mode of growth frequently used by bacterial pathogens because it protects bacteria during an infection. Furthermore, bacterial biofilms play a role in the transmission
of infections and the persistence of bacteria in the environment because biofilm formation is also associated with an increased resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants.
This proposed project aimed at evaluating if bacterial biofilms can protect viruses and thus increase their environmental persistence. The specific objectives were to: (1) determine if the
PRRS and PCV2 virus could persist within a bacterial biofilm; and (2) determine if bacterial
biofilms could offer a protection for the virus against commonly used disinfectants. The results
demonstrated that the virus could persist within a biofilm of respiratory bacteria
(Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Streptococcus suis) and digestive bacteria (Escherichia
coli and Salmonella).
Furthermore, biofilms could reduce, to a lesser extent, the efficacy of disinfectants used in
this study.
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Research Progress
Raising Antibiotic-free chicken
The researchers at the Chaire en recherche avicole of the Faculté de médecine vétérinaire of the Université de Montréal, Drs. Martine Boulianne and Marie-Lou Gaucher, that were responsible for this project
presented their results before the summer of 2013 to the farmers that participated in the “Tests de production à grande échelle de poulets sans antibiotiques”. Then the members of the EVQ and stakeholders
in the poultry industry learned about the results during the fall of 2013.
The researchers indicated that it is possible, under certain conditions, to raise chickens without antibiotics with a higher but reasonable cost than conventional farming. However, it was not demonstrated that
this was possible at on a larger scale.
In fact, some farms had their birds raised without antibiotics performed as well as those raised in a conventional fashion but other farms had recurring problems with enteritis despites using the same strategies as successful farms. The researchers think that a harmful bacterial flora is present on farms with
problems and further analyses will be required to understand the phenomenon and determine the key
factors for success before starting large scale farming of chicken without antibiotics.
Furthermore, new data helped develop a better understanding of the needs of young chicks and highlight the importance of a multifaceted approach to maintain the digestive health of the birds. These
data will be very useful to the improve farming methods in the poultry industry. A big thank you to
the participating farmers.
During a meeting, Drs. Boulianne and Gaucher thanked on behalf of themselves and the research
committee the farmers that participated in the study. The collaboration and availability of the farmers were key assets for the success of this project. In fact, eight farmers precisely followed a research protocol for over a year and gave access to two rearing houses each, one used for conventional farming and the other for farming without antibiotics, to the researchers for visiting the farms
regularly, for collecting samples and for measuring the health and growth performance of the birds.
The committee will determine if there will be a follow up to the project. The project “Tests de production à grande échelle de poulets sans antibiotiques” was financed by Agriculture and Agrifood
Canada through Canadian Agricultural Adaptation Program (CAAP). In Quebec, the part of this program aimed at the agricultural production sector was managed by the Conseil pour le développement de l’agriculture du Québec (CDAQ).
Source: Le Provoqué
Bulletin mensuel des Éleveurs de volailles du Québec
June 2013
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Research Progress
Swine Cluster Project involving CRIPA members
(2010-2013)
“Efficacy of feed additives to mitigate the negative impacts of mycotoxin contaminated feed on the performance and health of piglets”
This project is supervised by the following CRIPA members:
Frédéric Guay, Université Laval, Québec
Martin Lessard, Centre de recherche et
de développement sur le bovin laitier et le
porc, Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada (AAC), Sherbrooke
Younes Chorfi, Faculté de médecine
vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, SaintHyacinthe
http://www.innovationporc.ca/a-3.php
“The use of tools related to molecular characterization, systemic analysis
of stakeholders and geomatics for identification of the principal vectors
and contamination sources by bacteria and viral indicators at farm and
slaughterhouse level”
This project is under the leadership of
Ann Letellier, holder of the Research
Chair in Meat Safety, Université de Montréal, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire,
Saint Hyacinthe.
http://www.innovationporc.ca/b-14.php
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Scientific communication by the CRIPA in 2014
We invite you to participate in our scientific communication activities in 2014!
Please mark your calendar and read the CRIPA Bulletin for more information
and to register.
February 25, 2014 in Longueuil
Café-CRIPA on VACCINES - Improving vaccine development: from research to international
markets
June 3-4, 2014 at the FMV Saint-Hyacinthe
7th CRIPA Annual Symposium
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