For the complete program notes, please click he
Transcription
For the complete program notes, please click he
> @ <See]`Yae`WbbS\T]`O\R^S`T]`[SRPg >OcZ2egS`QSZZ] 4SP`cO`g;O`QV >VWZORSZ^VWO>/ <SeG]`Y<G =PS`ZW\=6 1VWQOU]7: /\\/`P]`;7 1][^]aS`a( 3ZWhO0@=E< >OcZ2==:3G @SQS^5s: ;O`Q:3;/G 3dO\>@3;= 6gcYXW\A67< 3dO\E/@3 eeeW\abO\bS\Q]`SQ][^OcZRegS` 3 ; 7 3 @ 3 A Solo Cello Premieres February 28 3:00 pm Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Irvine Auditorium, Amado Hall University of Pennsylvania March 6 2:00 pm Brooklyn, New York Linger Café & Lounge March 9 8:30 pm Oberlin, Ohio Cat in the Cream Coffeehouse Oberlin College March 12 7:30 pm Chicago, Illinois Archer Ballroom March 13 8:00 pm Ann Arbor, Michigan McIntosh Theater University of Michigan > @ <See]`Yae`WbbS\T]`O\R^S`T]`[SRPg >OcZ2egS`QSZZ] 4SP`cO`g;O`QV 2 >VWZORSZ^VWO>/ 3 ; 7 3 > @ 3 ; 7 3 @ 3 A <See]`Yae`WbbS\T]`O\R^S`T]`[SRPg >OcZ2egS`QSZZ] 4SP`cO`g;O`QV Gül, Recep (b. 1982) >VWZORSZ^VWO>/ <SeG]`Y<G Brown, Eliza =PS`ZW\=6(b. 1985) 1VWQOU]7: Shin, Hyukjin (b. 1976) /\\/`P]`;7 1][^]aS`a( 7 Premo, Evan (b. 1985) 3ZWhO0@=E< >OcZ2==:3G @SQS^5s: ;O`Q:3;/G 3dO\>@3;= 6gcYXW\A67< LeMay, Marc 3dO\E/@3 (b. 1982) ; 3 @ > Ware, Evan (b. 1977) Two Colors for Solo Cello (2010) I. Dark Blue II. Black Elemental for Solo Cello (2006) Three Pieces for Solo Cello (2010) I. The Dark Moon Rise II. Vertigo III. Elegy Echo Lake for Solo Cello (2009) ~ Intermission ~ Somewhere in Germany, 1945 for Solo Cello (2010) If I Have No Witness for Solo Cello and Electronics (2010) Dooley, Paul eeeW\abO\bS\Q]`SQ][^OcZRegS` Gradus for Solo Cello (2009) (b. 1983) gPRS[`]T`SI. ^R\O`]T\SbbW`eaY`]eeS< II. III. IV. Interlude V. VI. VII. ]ZZSQ`Sge2ZcO> ! VQ`O;g`Oc`PS4 3 />OWV^ZSROZWV> 4 : Grave $% = 35 5 5 5 E5 5 5 Commissions for Solo Cello ! : 5 !5 5M 4 lung "! ## F–U–C–H–S Just over a year ago, Sacher, turned 70 in 1975,( he invited twelve $ =$&) 5 I asked five graduate student composers to write solo cello works based composers at the University of on Sacher’s name, which transliterates into G Michigan and one recent alumnus eS (German for e-flat)-A-C-H (German for to write me a work for solo"! cello. b)-E-Re (solfege for d). Many of these Never had I doubted the dedication that works are now landmarks in solo cello composition students here bring to their literature. work, but neither was I expecting the The idea of using a name as unifying unanimously enthusiastic response I motive appealed to me, and what more 8 received. Within a week, one composer appropriate name could there be than that showed me a sketch of a set-up in which of my cello teacher of 11 years. Walther my own sound would be dispersed through Fuchs took me in as an 8-year-old in an octaphonic ensemble of speakers Munich, and helped me become the !cellist surrounding the audience at different time and musician I was when I started college. intervals, while another started meeting Starting when I was 12, every year my with me to develop his own notation mother had to listen to the lecture about system for the cello. (One thing to be the necessity of leaving behind soccer, as learned from this experience is 10 that not all well as the benefits of reading Goethe over compositional ideas come to full fruition, kicking round objects. Though I continue for better or worse...) to play soccer until this day, Herr Fuchs G In working with these six diverse continuously, patiently and fervently composers, I have learned much from their guided me through ! "# the challenges of # many different approaches to composition. playing the cello and making music. At the same time, I realized how much The name Fuchs transliterates into F-Utinfluence I have on the final form of each Tempo(old I $ =solfege 52 syllable for c)-C-H-eS, and I am new composition, as I continually advised fascinated by the the composers on technical possibilities (or arco 14 pizz. m u l t i t u pizz. de of limitations) on my instrument, and ways these six demonstrated idiosyncratic elements of my composers have own playing. integrated it into F U C H S # ! # their works, some After all of the composers were on board for this project, I decided that I wanted q uCopyright i t e s t r© a iHyukjin g h t - Shin <See]`Yae`WbbS\T]`O\R^S`T]`[SRPg their works to relate to each other on some forwardly (as above, taken from Shin’s The level beyond the.common instrumentation Dark Moon Rise), some in manners so for solo cello. As I was thinking of a means complex that it may take the composer of achieving such overarching integrity – a several hours to explain. theme? – for my program, how could I have I am grateful to each one of these six not thought of the late Russian cellist composers as well as their teachers for Mstislav Rostropovich? When his friend, their contribution to this collaborative Swiss composer and conductor Paul project. –Paul Dwyer, February 22, 2010 5 5 E5 5 !5 5 5 5 : ! G 55 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 E 5 4 = 5 55 5 5 5 ! ! 5 : 5 5 4 : !5 5 5 !5 5 5 >5 5 @ 3 5 5 3 5 5 = 3 5 5 >OcZ2egS`QSZZ] 4SP`cO`g;O`QV 4 >VWZORSZ^VWO>/ m 5 5I ; I5 5 7arco 35 5 5 5 3 ! Paul Dwyer cello Cellist Paul Dwyer has become known for his wide-ranging stylistic versatility. This season’s performances have ranged from the seldom heard Cello Concerto No. 2 by Shostakovich with the University Symphony Orchestra, to a duo recital on baroque cello with Edward Parmentier on harpsichord.! He is frequently invited to play on faculty recitals, including a performance of Schubert’s Trout Quintet with pianist Menahem Pressler last spring. 7 ; Paul enjoyed a rich undergraduate career at the Oberlin Conservatory, where he studied cello with Peter Rejto, Hans Jensen and Amir Eldan, as well as baroque cello with Catharina Meints.! In his first year at Oberlin, a blood clot in his right shoulder threatened to end his cello career.! He emerged from this experience with one fewer rib, a stent in his vein – and a new appreciation for his ability to play the cello.! He soon became a prize-winner at numerous competitions, and in 2006 was awarded the Ernest Hatch Wilkins Award for Academic Excellence by Oberlin College and was inducted into the Pi Kappa Lambda National Honor Society. 3 @ > and cafes for any audiences that come along. Growing up in Vienna, Austria, and Munich, Germany, Paul was involved in a large variety of ensembles.! In 1998, he founded a cello quartet devoted to heavy metal music, that eventually drew crowds of several hundreds at concerts and festivals in the Munich area.! After his success at the competition Jugend musiziert in 2001, Paul was invited to join the Bundesjugendorchester (National Youth Orchestra of Germany), touring through Europe and recording CDs and television broadcasts with conductors such as Gerd Albrecht and Gunther Schuller.! He also presented benefit recitals in the Munich area with Australian pianist and composer Dean Wilmington, including the premiere of Wilmington's Prelude for Cello and Didgeridoo. Paul’s dedication to new music is growing strong, as he has begun commissioning, performing and recording works by young composers. He is a member of Contemporary Directions Ensemble at UM, and will join the Aspen Contemporary Ensemble as their new cellist this summer. Paul has been an active participant in master classes at the Schleswig-Holstein Now in his third year of graduate studies at Musikfestival in Lübeck with David the University of Michigan, Paul studies Geringas and at the Kronberg Academy cello with Richard Aaron, and baroque with Frans Helmerson, and has worked gPRS[`]T`S^R\cello O`]and T\S bbW`da egamba aY`]e eSEnid < viola with with Ralph Kirschbaum, Paul Katz and Sutherland. Paul is the recipient of a Jacob Laurence Lesser at the Steans Institute at K. Javits Fellowship,! issued by the U.S. the Ravinia Festival. Some of Paul's most Department of Education. The fellowship, inspiring chamber music experiences have annually awarded to two students in the transpired in San Francisco, Philadelphia arts nation-wide, provides funding for four and Brooklyn as part of the Classical years of work towards a doctoral degree. Revolution–an organization through which pdwyer@umich.edu musicians get together and perform in bars ]ZZSQ`Sge2ZcO> 5 VQ`O;g`Oc`PS4 />OWV^ZSROZWV> Recep Gül Two Colors Two Colors gets its name from the symbolic meanings of colors in candle magic (a form of sympathetic magic), which is almost twenty five thousand years old. In candle magic, candles represent people and things, attributes, emotions and influences. By lighting candles, what they represent was manipulated. Dark blue represents changeability, depression, impulsiveness and black represents confusion, discord, loss. I would like to thank Paul for his really hard work. It would not have been possible for me to write this piece without his help and support. Recep Gül is a composer, pianist and singer currently working on his DMA at the University of Michigan. His teachers have included Bright Sheng, Evan Chambers, Kamran Ince, Paul Schoenfield and Pieter Snapper. He was born in Samsun, which is on the Northern coast of Turkey. Recep started music at a very young age singing in a local folk music choir. Starting in his high school years, he studied piano, and during his university years he studied singing and composition. After moving to Istanbul for his university education, he conducted the Bogazici University Choir, sang in various choirs and founded an a capella jazz group which went on to release the first a capella Jazz album in Turkey. With his group, Recep performed in various concerts and festivals including the Istanbul Jazz Festival. With the help of this varied background, in his music he tries to use elements of Jazz, Turkish folk music, classical and contemporary music. His music has been performed at various new music festivals in Turkey and in concerts at the Istanbul Technical University, MIAM, where he completed his Masters in composition. Recep’s recent piece A Given for 3 mezzo-sopranos and chamber ensemble was performed at the Midwest Composer’s Symposium and his chamber piece Phantasma was premiered <See]`Yae`WbbS\T]`O\R^S`T]`[SRPg by the Zero Blue ensemble. His orchestral piece Wedding of Attis was read by the Detroit Symphony Orchestra conducted by Leonard Slatkin and was premiered by the University of Michigan Symphony Orchestra. > @ >OcZ2egS`QSZZ] www.myspace.com/recepgul 4SP`cO`g;O`QV 6 >VWZORSZ^VWO>/ 3 ; 7 3 Eliza Brown Elemental Elemental is composed of and around seven basic musical building blocks that I collected prior to writing the piece: a scale, three gestures, guidelines for melodic language, and two approaches to ornamentation. These elements permeate the piece in various guises and combinations, growing and changing according to the demands of the musical narrative. Using this process helped me pursue some questions about compositional structure; however, my ultimante goals for Elemental as a piece are more subjective. Although it does aptly describe my process, the title also expresses the focused, visceral affect that the music, for me, projects. 7 ; Note by the performer: Though this piece was not part of my commissioning project, I decided to incorporate it into my program just a few months ago. Elemental was brought to my attention by a good friend in Chicago, where Eliza now lives. She wrote the piece while still at Michigan (for her now-fiancé, cellist Chris Wild). This connection, as well the fact that I am performing this recital in Chicago render this work an appropriate addition to the program. Furthermore, it supplements the already great variety of the six commissioned works. 3 @ Composer Eliza Brown writes music both for the concert stage and for interdisciplinary projects, collaborating with artists in the fields of dance, film, architecture, theater, and visual art. !Eliza’s music, described as “delicate, haunting, [and] introspective” by Symphony Magazine, has been played throughout the US by performers such as PRISM Saxophone Quartet, Wet Ink Ensemble, erhu player Betti Xiang, and string duo Wild & Wulliman. Also a cellist, Eliza plays primarily contemporary music and has premiered over forty new works by young composers. Eliza is currently pursuing a doctorate in composition at Northwestern University and holds an undergraduate degree in composition from University of Michigan. www.elizabrown.net > gPRS[`]T`S^R\O`]T\SbbW`eaY`]eeS< ]ZZSQ`Sge2ZcO> VQ`O;g`Oc`PS4 7 />OWV^ZSROZWV> Hyukjin Shin Three Pieces for Solo Cello The Three Pieces for Solo Cello were written in response to the commission by Paul Dwyer, who also requested the use of the name of his teacher, Fuchs, as a part of the piece's musical elements. I engraved these letters in order – F C C B Eb – in the first piece, The Dark Moon Rise, and in its retrograde in the last piece, Elegy. The dark moon, also referred to as the new moon, appeals to me for its mystical and symbolic character. The brief moment of this moon phase that is invisible to our bare eyes seems to possess a certain and unknown power that has an effect on our world. I imagined that it draws, for a very brief moment, our darkest desires that we normally don’t dare to pursue because they are strictly prohibited by law or by any social custom. In The Dark Moon Rise, the awakening of the ugliest side of our minds parallels the physical rise of the dark moon, which, ironically, is also a process of purification. As this moon phase passes, the evil mind disappears until the next cycle. I described this moment with evanescence and profundity. know how to deal with, or mourn for, this life event. The only way I can describe this uncomfortable feeling is something of an awkward indifference. Perhaps it could have been easier to grieve with other people at the funeral because grieving can be learned; after a while, however, I occasionally encountered a question, accompanied by a bottomless sorrow: “Did she really die?” In Elegy, a certain apathetic attitude interrupts the deep sorrow. There are only a few brief moments of grieving— and little guilt—because life goes on. Hyukjin Shin studied Engineering and Music at Yonsei University in Seoul, Korea where he was awarded a certificate in Metallurgical Engineering (2000) and a Bachelor of Music degree in composition (2004). In 2007, he finished a Master of Philosophy in Music Composition at The University of Queensland, Australia. He is currently a DMA candidate in composition at the University of Michigan. His recent compositions include Silent, Beautiful, a song cycle for soprano, cello and piano, which was premiered in March 2009. In the same year, Surviving Whisper Vertigo is an interlude with the character of was premiered by he University of scherzo. Some motives are repeated over Michigan Symphony Orchestra. In 2005, and over in different modes, the process of Shin received the Percy Brier Prize for his which creates a tonal illusion like the Piano Trio No. 2, which was premiered later spatial disorientation that one might feel <See]`Yae`WbbS\T]`O\R^S`T]`[SRPg in August at Customs House, Brisbane. In from the artificial change in gravity. addition to composition, Shin is an Elegy was inspired by a death of my friend accomplished guitarist and has performed who passed away at my age from a sudden with the Big Band at University of disease. The experience was at first Queensland, where he has also been an shocking, but then left me with mixed instructor of music technology. feelings. I felt strange and uncomfortable rather than merely sad because I did not www.myspace.com/hyukjinshin > @ >OcZ2egS`QSZZ] 4SP`cO`g;O`QV 8 >VWZORSZ^VWO>/ 3 ; 7 3 Evan Premo Echo Lake Echo Lake is quietly nestled amongst the Catskill Mountains in New York State. It is the headwaters of the Saw Kill and the location of the last Native American encampment in the Catskills. In August 2009, I hiked into to the small lake and spent two nights and one full day sauntering, exploring, observing, and resting by its shore to gain inspiration for the composition of this piece for solo cello. 7 ; 3 @ Double bassist and composer Evan Premo!is an active chamber musician performing regularly at Carnegie Hall, Juilliard, and doing outreach performances around New York City as a member of Ensemble ACJW. Evan has performed concerti with numerous orchestras including the 2009 world premiere of his own double concerto for violin and double bass with Andrés Cárdenes and the Pittsburgh Symphony Chamber Orchestra. Evan has also collaborated with Yizhak Schotten, Katherine Collier, the Bergonzi string quartet and the Formosa String Quartet, in addition to performing his own arrangements for piano and double bass at the Kennedy Center in Washington, DC. Upon graduation from the University of Michigan where he earned degrees in double bass performance and composition, Evan was awarded the prestigious Albert A. Stanley Medal. Evan also won the school's concerto competition in 2006 and, that same year, premiered his own Concertino for Bass Fiddle and Winds with the University of Michigan's Symphony Band under Michael Haithcock. Evan's double bass teachers include virtuosos Diana Gannett and Gary Karr, and he has studied composition with Michael gPRS[`]T`S^R\DOa u`g] bbuWs`ae <n h eTrt\ y,SS n BaoY t t`i] , e a ndeESva Chambers. He is also a member of Duo Borealis with soprano Mary Bonhag. > ]ZZSQ`Sge2ZcO> www.evanpremo.com VQ`O;g`Oc`PS4 9 />OWV^ZSROZWV> Marc LeMay Somewhere In Germany, 1945 Like many men of his generation, my grandfather J.T. LeMay (1912-2004) rarely spoke of his experiences in the U.S. Army during World War II. The only records my family has of his life then are a smattering of half-told stories, a letter he wrote to my grandmother Bessie, and a fading photograph of J.T., a young soldier standing in a field; on the back it says: !“To Bessie from J.T. Her Husband & Man. ha. Marc LeMay composes music for concerts, clubs, theatre, dance, film, and anything in between. Recent projects have included creating and scoring an evening-length contemporary dance drama in collaboration with choreographer Austin Selden, an album of orchestral chamber pop with singer-songwriter Steven Lamphear, and incidental scores for productions of Richard II and Orpheus Descending!at the University of Michigan. Marc is pursuing his M.A. in Composition at Michigan, where he has studied with Bright Sheng and Erik Santos. Some where in Germany. 1945” The thought of my grandfather, a jovial and kind-hearted man, amidst the horrors of war, has always disturbed and intrigued me. When Paul Dwyer asked me and five other composers to write solo cello pieces on a motive, “FUCHS,” the name of his first cello teacher in Germany, I immediately thought of my grandfather overseas. This one-movement piece alternates sections, fast-slow-fast-slow. The fast sections are derived from the FUCHS motive (transliterated to the pitches F-C-C-B flat-E flat), while the slow sections explore the negative space around the movie, i.e., every other note except those above. www.marclemaymusic.com > @ <See]`Yae`WbbS\T]`O\R^S`T]`[SRPg >OcZ2egS`QSZZ] This piece is dedicated to the memory of my grandparents, without whose hard work, sacrifice, and devotion to their children and grandchildren I wouldn’t be where I am today. 4SP`cO`g;O`QV 10 >VWZORSZ^VWO>/ 3 ; 7 3 Evan Ware If I Have No Witness If I Have No Witness is a work in progress that addresses solitude in its many forms. For the! present incarnation of the piece, I interviewed four graduate students at the University of Michigan, asking them to reflect on what solitude means! to them. Being a doctoral student—and indeed performance and academic life in general— can be very isolating and this seems to be both a struggle and a release for my interviewees. I constructed a digital collage from their responses and wrote a cello part to both lead and accompany the words. There is much more work to do on this project as there are many more minutes of interview I have yet to use. I am also seeking to expand my scope to include prisoners and residents in a retirement home to name but two possible further directions. 7 ; This project would not have been possible without the generosity, time, and candor of Recep, Joelle, Kim, and Paul, my interviewees, the advice and guidance of Evan Chambers who oversaw the construction of the interview collage, the help of Paul Dooley, who showed me many, many things I did not know in the electronic music studio, and, of course, Paul Dwyer's hard work and excellent cello playing. 3 @ Evan Ware (b. 1977) is a composer, music theorist, new music advocate, and teacher. His music has been played in Canada and the US by the University o f M i ch i g a n S y m p h o ny O r ch e s t r a , members of the National Arts Centre Orchestra, the Windsor Symphony Orchestra, and the Nouvel Ensemble Moderne, among others. His music has been featured at the Music 08 Festival in Cincinnati, the Ottawa International Chamber Music Festival, The Mad Air Project in New York City, and has been played in Canada on CBC Radio 2. He has studied with composers Bright Sheng, Erik Santos, Alan Belkin, Michel Longtin, and Steven Gellman in addition to working with Steve Reich and Gao Ping. Evan is currently a Ph.D. pre-candidate in Composition and Music Theory at the University of Michigan. www.evanware.com > gPRS[`]T`S^R\O`]T\SbbW`eaY`]eeS< ]ZZSQ`Sge2ZcO> VQ`O;g`Oc`PS4 11 />OWV^ZSROZWV> Paul Dooley Gradus Gradus (2009) was commissioned by the Michigan Music Teachers Association and written for cellist Paul Dwyer. It was first performed at the MMTA State Conference in October 2009. Gradus was written in honor of Paul Dwyer’s first cello teacher, Walther Fuchs. The title comes from the famous treatise on counterpoint, Gradus ad Parnassum, by Johann Fux. This title, translated as “Steps to Parnassum,” represents the establishment of the teaching method; one may follow the steps and someday reach enlightenment, or, Parnassum. The seven movements of Gradus play off Fux’s teaching of voice leading, dissonance treatment and contour. Gradus follows one possible path of the proverbial “student musician,” composer or performer, through struggle and reward. New plateaus are reached and then forgotten in the endless pursuit of mastery. The similarity of “Fuchs” and “Fux,” both admired teachers, one in cello and one in composition and counterpoint, seemed perfect for the collaborative backdrop between a student cellist, Paul Dwyer, and a student composer, myself. Paul Dooley has “clearly learned how to deal with the orchestra” (composer Steve R e i ch ) a n d h i s m u s i c “ s h i m m e r e d beautifully” (Omaha World-Herald). Born in 1983, Paul is a composer, pianist, and percussionist currently working on his Doctor of Musical Arts degree at the University of Michigan. His compositions take inspiration from dance, nature & travel. Paul’s Dani’s Dance (2007), received a 2008 Morton Gould Young Composer Award. Encaenia (2008), commissioned and premiered by the Aspen Contemporary Ensemble, was featured in a master class with Yo-Yo Ma and the Silk Road Ensemble. His Pomo Canyon Air (2005), an homage to the Sonoma Coast, has been performed by the USC Thornton Symphony, Omaha Symphony, AACA Orchestra, and the Detroit Symphony conducted by Leonard Slatkin. Recent awards include fellowships from the Aspen Music Festival and University of Michigan, a nomination from the American Academy of Arts and Letters, and a commission from the Michigan Music Teachers Association. > @ www.pauldooley.net <See]`Yae`WbbS\T]`O\R^S`T]`[SRPg >OcZ2egS`QSZZ] 4SP`cO`g;O`QV 12 >VWZORSZ^VWO>/ 3 ; 7 3 The University of Michigan School of Music, Theater & Dance The mission of the Department of Strings is to assist, guide, and encourage students in achieving the highest artistic and intellectual standard of which they are capable. Through individual instruction with a major artist-teacher, ensemble coaching, and musicianship classes, the faculty strives to promote understanding while simultaneously encouraging original, creative thought. By offering a variety of educational options, the faculty seeks to prepare students for career possibilities in traditional and emerging fields. Faculty 7 ; Diana Gannett (Chair, double bass) Richard Aaron (cello) Rebecca Albers (viola) Yehonatan M. Berick (violin) Aaron Berofsky (violin) Anthony D. Elliott (cello) Joan Raeburn Holland! (harp) Andrew W. Jennings (violin) Yizhak Schotten (viola) Stephen Shipps (violin) 3 @ > Associated Faculty A distinguished faculty of internationally known composers provides students with guidance and encouragement in the search for the student's individual voice, without imposing stylistic regimentation. Composers in undergraduate and graduate programs enjoy premiere performances of their work in the Composers Forum concert series, through annual participation in the Midwest Composer's Symposium (a forum for student composers from five schools) and in concerts by University of Michigan ensembles. Students also have access to the incredible resources of the School, including the Audio Studio and the Electronic Music Studios. Faculty, students, and alumni of the Department of Composition continue to win an extraordinary number of national and international awards, receiving virtually every prize and award available to American composers. All of these factors combine to make the University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance one of the country's important centers for the training of young composers. Gabriel Bolkosky (violin) http://www.music.umich.edu/departments/ Caroline Coade (viola) Robert Culver (viola,gstring PRpedagogy) S[`]T`S^R\composition/ O`]T\SbbW`eaY`]eeS< Stephen Molina (double bass) Enid Sutherland (baroque cello) Kathryn Votapek! (violin) Phoenix Quartet! (resident string quartet) ]ZZSQ`Sge2ZcO> http://www.music.umich.edu/departments/ strings/ VQ`O;g`Oc`PS4 13 />OWV^ZSROZWV> Solo Cello Premieres > @ <See]`Yae`WbbS\T]`O\R^S`T]`[SRPg >OcZ2egS`QSZZ] 4SP`cO`g;O`QV >VWZORSZ^VWO>/ <SeG]`Y<G =PS`ZW\=6 1VWQOU]7: /\\/`P]`;7 1][^]aS`a( 3ZWhO0@=E< >OcZ2==:3G @SQS^5s: ;O`Q:3;/G 3dO\>@3;= 6gcYXW\A67< 3dO\E/@3 eeeW\abO\bS\Q]`SQ][^OcZRegS` 3 ; 7 3 @ 3 A