Towards the preparation of the Guadalajara`s SmartCity Metrics

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Towards the preparation of the Guadalajara’s
SmartCity Metrics Structure
Vázquez-Castañeda, C, Estrada-Guzman, E,
IEEE Guadalajara Metrics for Smart Cities Working Group
Abstract— Since 2013, Ciudad Creativa Digital (CCD) project is developing a plan to prepare the Guadalajara, Jalisco to
become the first smart city in Mexico. One of the important parts of the process is the development and implementation of a
metrics structure. Based on the study of the metrics used in other smart cities around the world, the Guadalajara’s metrics
framework will be used for monitoring the activity of the city. The objective of this document is to present the main plan of the
metrics structure preparation and some of its characteristics.
Index Terms— Ciudad Creativa Digital, Guadalajara, Key Performance Index, Metrics, Smart Cities.
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1 INTRODUCTION
T
HE number of people living in cities is increasing
every year; by 2030 it is estimated that 60% of the
human population will be living in cities and 70% by 2050
[1]. It implies that the role of the cities in the life of the
people will be an important issue for the next years. Local governments are deciding to embrace the idea of being a smart city to offer better services, generate a better
economic environment and improve their infrastructure.
In Mexico, some cities have embraced the principal concepts of the smart city model to their public functions, but
still in a minor grade. However, in November 2013 the
federal government released the Estrategia Digital Nacional
(National Digital Strategy), which consists in a 5-year
national action plan for the adoption and development of
the information and communication technologies as part
of the Gobierno Cercano y Moderno (Closer and Modern
Government) program. The initiative will prepare the
environment for an easier smart city transition around
Mexico [18].
In Guadalajara, our city is experiencing the process of the
Ciudad Creativa Digital (Digital Creative City); a new cluster focused to impulse the digital industry in Mexico and
to promote it as the first digital hub for Latinamerica. The
GDL CCD master plan, developed by a multidisciplinary
group from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(MIT), contains the project strategies which at the end will
result in an important cluster to impulse an intelligent
urban development with a high-tech profile. GDL CCD
will be an important base to prepare and implement the
smart city model for Mexico and Latin America.
The aim of this document is to present the main strategy
————————————————
• C. Vazquez is with the ITPhD CUCEA - Universidad de Guadalajara, CO
45100. E-mail: vazquez.carlos@cucea.udg.mx
• E. Estrada is with the ITPhD CUCEA - Universidad de Guadalajara, CO
45100. E-mail: estrada.elsa@cucea.udg.mx
xxxx-xxxx/0x/$xx.00 © 200x IEEE
of the Guadalajara’s Smart City Metrics Structure and
offer a brief description of the Guadalajara’s Smart City
Framework to process the gathered urban information.
2 CONTEXT
2.1 Mexican Digital Strategy
The Mexican Digital Strategy is a document where government introduces the actions that will be implemented
during the next years to prepare the adoption and development of the Information and Communication Technologies. The principal purpose is to impulse the digitalization in Mexico to maximize the economic, social and politic impacts.
The principal objectives of the Mexican Digital Strategy
are to promote a governmental transformation, to impulse a digital economy, to offer a high-quality education,
to implement a universal healthcare and to ensure the
safety of their citizens. To achieve the goals, the Mexican
Digital Strategy proposes enablers as digital connectivity,
digital skills, a strong interoperability, a strong legal
framework and an open-data policy [18].
2.2 GDL CCD Strategy
The Guadalajara Ciudad Creativa Digital (GDL CCD) will
advance Mexico's natural position as a global leader in
content production while providing a world-class environment for Mexican and overseas talent. GDL CCD will
also push the boundaries of sustainable integrated urban
development, providing a new model of economic cluster
development that can be replicated across the country
and Latin America.
This initiative has support across the political spectrum
and showcases, where local and federal authorities are
Published by the IEEE-CCD Smart Cities
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sharing the objective of enabling the digital creative industry. This project is one of the cornerstones of Mexico's
economic growth agenda [20].
2.3 Stakeholders
One of the most important aspects in a smart city metrics
is the definition of the stakeholders. The stakeholders are
the principal actors of a smart city implementation, and at
the same time are the first beneficiaries and the first affected. It is crucial for a correct smart city process to determine the responsibilities and tasks of each participant;
the smart city metrics will depend on the performance of
each stakeholder [6].
Government dependencies, contracting authorities, project managers; operators and citizens are some of the
principal city stakeholders. Success of the smart city will
depend on the availability and the immediate analytics of
the information produced by the stakeholders.
3 WORKING GROUP MISSION & VISION
The mission of the Guadalajara’s Smart City Metrics
group is to prepare an open-data structure of metrics for
the city to verify the status of the indicators, to analyze
the correlation between indicators and KPI’s, to improve
the city performance and to share the metrics structure
with other cities to develop standardization.
The vision of the Guadalajara´s Smart City Metrics group
is to have a complete structure of metrics for the metropolitan area by the end of December 2014 and start a realtime analysis of the KPI’s with inputs from the Open Data
Framework by the second half of 2015.
4 SOURCES OF DATA FOR GUADALAJARA’S SMART
CITY STRUCTURE
Fig.1. Guadalajara’s Smart City data sources.
The principal sources for the KPI’s will be the Guadalajara’s government dependencies and some other private
and public institutions certifying the validity and veracity
of the information. Furthermore, data extracted from the
Internet must complement the indicators.
The Smart City model requires an open data environment
for its implementation; this is an important area opportunity, since the government is still developping such
procedures. According to the five Star Open Data model,
our first steps will be related to one-star level model,
where data is visible, licensed for reuse but requires considerable effort to extract value [21]. Semantic analysis
will be required to detect metrics inside documents and
define the different layers of indicators.
5 STATE OF THE ART IN METRICS
Measuring is a fundamental issue since it improves quality of life by understanding the city performance in four
key areas: talent, innovation, connections and distinctiveness [4]. City metrics require standard specifications;
methods and strategies to enable compare cities under the
same framework [7].
One of the first tasks in the preparation for a smart city is
to detect the target objects of evaluation called functions
or categories or areas, encompassing indicators to gauge
since environment until the level of services requirements
to handle a growing urban zone. There are different
approaches and benchmarks to measure and describe in
smart cities. Nevertheless, the main objective is to find
measures to understand the city performance, discover
underlying trends, compare characteristics and identify
strengths and weaknesses of the city in a comparative
way, in order to measure the development of Intelligent
Communities.
The smart city area configurations could present some variations depending of different factors. China generated a city
plan in 2011 where they visualize a smart city as a model
with four areas: citizen, enterprise, government and infrastructure. Meanwhile Shanghai published its first release
smart city benchmarks considering four factors: Informatization, Integrated Competitive Capability, Green and Low
Carbon, Culture and Technology, in grouping by five dimensions, 19 second layers indicators and 64 third layer
indicators [17].
Other study published in 2011 presented a collection of diversity indexes listed each according to the area of urban
performance as: Finance, Economy, Quality of life, Technology, Environment [11]. This urgency of measuring and
monitoring city performance and quality of life, have been
detected by the Global City Indicators Facility. Such indicators enable cities to measure, report and improve areas of
city services and quality of life with a success case developped at the University of Toronto, Canada. The indicators are structured around 20 topics, e.g. Education, Energy, Civic Engagement, Culture, Health, Governance,
Transportation, Solid Waste, among others [14].
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The survey Global Power City Index is a matrix composed of city actors and functions indicators, which evaluates and ranks the comprehensive power about forty
major cities. The evaluation is based on six functions:
Economy, Research & Development, Cultural Interaction,
Livability, Environment and Accessibility, and four global
actors who are leading global activities in their cities:
Managers, Researchers, Artist, Visitors and Residents [8,
16]. The Province of Ontario, Canada inside The Intelligent Community Forum defines five critical success factors for the creation of Intelligent Communities: Broadband connectivity, Knowledge workforce, Digital Inclusion Innovation, Marketing and Advocacy. In addition to
its Intelligent Community Indicators, ICF has identified
factors that distinguish the most successful Intelligent
Communities as Collaboration, Leadership and Sustainability [19], while other groups presents a model where
city has alternative capabilities like connected, entrepreneurial, livable and pioneer city [2].
3
The first step to establish the Guadalajara Smart City Metrics
Structure was to declare the areas or sections of study. After
a revision of other city structures, we decided to use a similar structure based in the Cohen´s Smart Cities Wheel [9].
The areas of study for Guadalajara will be smart people,
smart economy, smart environment, smart government,
smart living and smart mobility.
The next level of definition is related to the sources specification for each area; the meticulousness of this step is important because the principal actors of the city and the owners of the information for the smart city structure will be
declared at this point. Once every possible metric has been
related with the structure, the next step is to find the metrics
that could be used as a Key Performance Indicator (KPI).
7 KPI’S: INDEX DEFINITIONS AND CORRELATIONS
The Key Performance Indicator (KPI) is a performance
measurement, which evaluates the effectiveness of a specific
metric, allowing the quantification of the goals progress. For
a smart city implementation, the KPI definition is related to
the important metrics for the city management. The use of
KPI’s allows the identification of issues and improvements
in the performance of the city. However, the correct use of
the KPI’s depends on the data quality and how fast can be
acquired and processed.
The use and analysis of the data framework will allow us to
detect correlations between the city indicators; nevertheless,
the analysis implies to prepare the complete structure to
deduce the implications between KPI’s. The data intelligence algorithms will deduce the factors related to each
index of our metrics. Despite the local data sources, most of
the KPI’s detected in other cities can be implemented in
Guadalajara, where the correlation of metrics could present a
variation from city to city.
8 OPEN DATA FRAMEWORK PREPARATION
Fig.2. Guadalajara’s Smart City Metrics Structure diagram.
The implementation of the areas for the Guadalajara´s
structure is based on the study of several city developments, looking for the more standardized and shareable
configuration.
6 METRICS FOR SMART CITIES FRAMEWORK
The Guadalajara’s Smart City Data Framework is the module that will collect the stakeholder’s information defined in
the implementation of the metrics structure; this module will
be responsible of the indicators surveillance. Moreover,
framework will lead the data intelligence procedures to
optimize the city operations according to the indicator’s
behavior; this is the reason why it is vital to implement a
robust metrics structure [5].
The goals of the Open Data Framework are to provide an
open data plataform, enable people to build on open data
from Guadalajara living labs. Such data sources must
have a national legislation for freedom of information,
with standard reporting protocols. The creation of incentives for the open data framework is needed in order to
promote the data sharing for goods between business and
citizens as well as promoting collaboration among universities, government, and industry.
The framework of the Guadalajara’s Smart City Metrics
resides over components that proceed from different
layers, based on standars, tools, metodologies and stakeholders. These will be integrated into the context of local
collaboration in working groups. As a reference, see the
roadmap presented in fig. 3.
Standars are defined toward tree layers: 1) File structures
which include JSON, XML and CSV formats. 2) Protocols
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over TCP/IP as CAP (Common Alert Protocol) simple
version, RESTFUL (Representational state transfer),
MQTT machine-to-machine (M2M)/"Internet of Things"
connectivity protocol. 3) Kind of storage criteria as the
flow of continuos data and periodic subset of data.
Tools and methodology aim to enable the physical infrastructure for repositories storage (BigData or compatible),
enought network bandwidth for the access, scalable architecture, and mirrors or backups of information. A Web
portal to provide access to the repository is considered, in
order to manage and support to users, security, privacy,
and implementation of policies. The methodology must
include the management and the scale of data repositories.
Stakeholders are integrated by: IEEE Physical Infrastructure Working Group, IEEE Inernet of Things Working
Group, Data Visualization and Analytics Working Group,
Government, Industry (Analytics and Enterpreuners),
Researchers, and Citizens.
advance in the process, cities are analyzed according to
core areas of interest [10].
The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills in the
United Kingdom propose the analysis of areas as governance, geographic and cultural spread, access to information, open data polycies, investment priorities, etc.
They selected cities as Chicago, Rio de Janeiro, Stockholm, Boston, Barcelona and Hong Kong as the cities with
the best score [13]. Besides, the Institute for Urban Strategies at The Mori Memorial Foundation presents a ranking
based on areas as economy, research and development,
cultural interaction, livability, environment and accessibility. Their Global Power City Index 2013 presents London, New York, Paris, Tokyo, Singapore, Seoul, Amsterdam, Berlin, Vienna and Frankfurt as the first 10 cities
with the best general ranking [16]. It is important to notice that each list introduces different cities, and also it
changes its nominees year by year [8].
10 GUADALAJARA SMART CITY PROCESS
The next table is a roadmap of the Guadalajara’s metrics
definition. Process is programmed for the next 12 months
starting from January 2014.
9 BEST PRACTICES
The interest of the cities to become a smart city has grown
in the last years. The city governments have experienced
the benefits of the technology applied to the city operations; moreover, citizens perceive the improvement on the
services, operations, economy and quality life [12]. Every
year the number of smart cities is increasing and each city
is in a different level of implementation. To verify the
December November October September August April March July June The next step is to prepare a deep revision of each metric
to define its properties; status of implementation, frequency of change, intervals of performance, units of
measure, etc [3]. By this time the Data Framework will be
ready to start working at some percent of capacity, according to the information provided by the stakeholders,
with the understanding that missing data should be
available at a specific date.
practices analysis Best Metrics benchmarking of the selected cities Guadalajara´s stake-­‐
holders definition Smart people indica-­‐
tors Smart Economy indi-­‐
cators Smart Environment indicators Smart Government indicators Smart Living indica-­‐
tors Smart Mobility indica-­‐
tors Guadalajara's metrics structure (first draft) Data availability Guadalajara's metrics structure (second draft) Guadalajara KPI's May Fig. 3 Roadmap for the open data framework in 2014
February January TABLE 1
ROADMAP OF THE GUADALAJARA’S METRICS DEFINITION.
This is the brief description of the roadmap. The activities
to achieve the goals are contained in the complete version.
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11 CLUES FOR THE SUCCESS
The Guadalajara’s Smart City Metrics Structure will contain some of the metrics and KPI’s of the cities ranked in
the previous lists; it is important to contemplate some
other cases as China’s cities, where the smart city implementation process is generating a lot of important information. Data surveillance of other cities will be part of
the daily routine, verifying new developments around the
world [15].
One of the most important challenges in the preparation
of Guadalajara as a smart city is to persuade government
about the importance of an open-data culture. CCD has
established a direct dialog with the Guadalajara city
council to prepare the transition on dependencies. This
process will allow complementing the metrics structure,
determining which metrics are already available and
which metrics should be extracted from other places. At
the same time, private institutions will be contacted to ask
for specific information for complementing the metrics.
5
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
12 PERSPECTIVES
The next step is to send an invitation for the local universities to generate work groups that could help in the definition of the metrics structure. It is necessary to build 6
multidisciplinary groups, one for each area.
Other important step is to prepare the design of the visual
interfaces for the Data Framework. Even when data
analysis offer the information that we need, the interfaces
allow citizens to follow the city performance and how
every action can impact, stimulating the participation of
the people in the data providing.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors wish to thank the Guadalajara Ciudad Creativa Digital A.C. (GDL CCD) organization for their support sharing its vision and take care of the working
groups initative, especially Octavio Parga as President
and Victor M. Larios as Science and Technology Director.
Also, we thank the IEEE Guadalajara Section volunteers,
CANIETI Occcidente and their associated Industry in
Mexico, PROMEXICO and CONACYT for their support.
A special thank for the Universidad de Gualdajara and its
PhD in Information Technologies program providing
PhD Students, the advice of professors, facilities and acces
to information databases.
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