Magazine

Oman
Magazine
Oman
The magic of the old Orient
Muscat
Gate to Oman
The fairytale land
of modern times
A perfect balance between valued
culture and progress
Welcome
to
Oman.
I
t is a great pleasure to introduce to you the Sultanate of Oman. Oman is one of the
most enchanting, diversified, and interesting countries in the Arab world − a country that has retained its authenticity and culture. It offers a wide range of unique
and often breath-taking attractions: magnificent mountains and seemingly never-ending
deserts, beautiful beaches, impressive wadis, and a capital that makes it possible to experience history behind every corner.
The varied entertainment possibilities offer something for everyone. Because of its crystal clear waters, Oman is one of the best places to go diving and those who prefer a little
more tranquillity can look forward to dolphin and whale watching. There are numerous
trails in the mountains with a variety of opportunities for passionate hikers and many
ideal locations for rock climbing, rappelling, and cave climbing.
Moreover, Oman provides breeding areas for five species of turtles, which can be best
observed on a captivating night safari. A broad range of award-winning five-star hotels make Oman the perfect travel destination for incentive groups, but also for anyone
looking to simply relax − we guarantee that the experiences there will be stunning and
unforgettable.
Fascinating Oman
Air connections to many European cities and an easy issuance of visas upon arrival to
citizens of more than 60 countries make visiting Oman easier than ever before.
Do you have any questions or requests?
Do you need further assistance, tips, or the latest on-site information?
Please get in touch with us.
H. E. Maitah Saif Al Mahrouqi
Undersecretary of Tourism, Ministry of Tourism
Sultanate of Oman, Ministry of Tourism
c/o Interface International GmbH
Karl-Marx-Allee 91a,
10243 Berlin, Deutschland
Tel.:+49 30 / 42 25 60 27
Fax: +49 30 / 42 25 62 86
E-mail: scandinavia@oman.travel
E-mail: finland@oman.travel
www.omantourism.gov.om
www.oman.travel
We are looking forward to welcoming you to our beautiful country.
Editorial | 3
Content
10
Interview with Karin Zwiers
39
11
Travel etiquette Oman
12
Monarchy between Fairyland
and Modern Times
16
18
19
20
22
24
Tourism –
Key to the Future
The Living Desert –
in Search of Exotic Species
Fortresses made of Clay –
Masterpieces of Architecture
Treasures of Oman –
a Cultural Heritage of Mankind
Off the Beaten Track –
through Deserts and Wadis
An Intense Experience
between Sand and Rocks
27
Interview with an Oman-expert
28
An Intact Marine World –
a Paradise for Water Sports
31
40
42
44
46
48
49
Exciting Al Dhahirah –
Mystic Tomb Towers
Musandam – a Dream World made of Rocks and Fjords
The Seafaring City of Sur –
Home of the Dhows
Travel information
54
Map of Oman
55
Oman Travel Facts
58
Websites, Airlines,
Travel Literature
Fascinating Al Dakhiliyah – Mountains and Fortresses
The Desert Region of Al Wusta –
a Refuge for Noble Animals
Magical Dhofar –
a Trip into the Land
of Frankincense
Scimitars and Enticing
Pieces of Jewellery
Regionen
Omans
52
Aromatic Souvenirs –
an Oriental Shopping
Experience
Omani Cuisine –
Culinary Diversity
Travel destinations
32
The City of Muscat –
History meets Modern Life
35
Royal Opera House
36
The bizarre Hajar Mountains –
a Wonderland of Geology
38
4 | Content
The Region of Al Batinah –
the Breadbasket of the Country
Content | 5
6 | Rubrik
Rubrik | 7
8 | Rubrik
Rubrik | 9
Interview
Travel Etiquette
with Karin Zwiers
Respect and Decorum
conducted by Volker Klinkmüller
Karin Zwiers, the General Man­ager at Oman Tourism
in Germany, gives her recommendations for first time
visitors in Oman.
There are plenty of reasons to travel to Oman
− which are the most convincing ones?
Oman offers a lot of tradition, history and authentic culture, as well as many myths and legends. Only think about Sinbad the Sailor or the
Queen of Sheba or the Three Kings! Every visitor
will enjoy the typical hospitality and the wide
range of nature and activities. There are scenic
mountains, caves and wadis, long-stretched
desert areas with beautiful oases and amazing
beaches. Along the way, turtles, dolphins, and
whales can be observed and exciting activities
like diving, wadi-bashing, trekking, or golfing
can be arranged.
How much time is needed for travellers visiting Oman for the first time in order to experience the country’s unique character?
Due to its size, travellers need more than two
weeks to see the whole country. For an excursion
that includes Nizwa, some time in the mountains and a night in a desert, for example,
I would recommend about seven days. About
four days should be spent in Salalah, which is
to say in the south of the country, but northern
Oman with Musandam is definitely worth a visit
as well.
Which places and sightseeing points would
you recommend to first-time visitors?
Muscat with its Grand Mosque and the unique
Royal Opera House should absolutely be on the
schedule, followed by a trip to Nizwa, to the
mountains Jebel Shams or Jebel Akhdar and
definitely to the vastness of the desert. Additionally, there should be enough time to enjoy the
breathtaking hotels of the country.
Which souvenirs should tourists take home?
In the traditional souqs there are lots of little
treasures to be found. A traditional souvenir
would be a frankincense burner and of course,
some frankincense to go with it. In that way,
visitors can rekindle some Omani flair back
at home and keep the memories of the country alive. Perhaps a souvenir which would
entice their own guests to experience Oman
first-hand themselves!
Oman is considered to be an open-minded and tolerant country, which does not mean that Western visitors should lack
respect or etiquette. Taking the customs and conventions of
Oman into consideration can enrich every stay.
An invitation − a great honour
Being invited into the private house of an Omani can be a privilege and a great experience
of hospitality – one should be careful not to make too many mistakes. Even accepting an
invitation can show one’s knowledge or ignorance about Oman’s customs: Accepting an
invitation after the third request shows great style, since one can be sure that the invitation was not only out of politeness. Bringing a bouquet of flowers would be a nice gesture
according to Western conventions, but in the Arabic region, a bouquet of flowers is given
at formal events such as weddings or commencements of business. There are various rules
that should be followed when being welcomed, but of course Europeans are not asked
to be aware of these customs. Nevertheless, it is
essential to be educated about the most important basic rules − for instance women should be
addressed very differently and without any physical contact. When entering a house, shoes have
to be taken off and the soles of the feet are never
to be pointed towards the person with whom
one is speaking.
In balance with gestures
By now it is common sense that in Islamic countries the left hand is considered unclean. It is
also frowned upon to wear revealing clothing as
well as to drink alcohol or eat pork. Furthermore, religious rites should be respected and never
discussed. The same applies to the seemingly
harmless and commonly used Western gesture
for “Okay” made by forming a circle with the forefinger and thumb. This sign is seen as an utterly obscene gesture. On the other hand, no one
has to hesitate to bargain over prices or to use
moments of silence or even emotional outbursts
in order to achieve it. This is simply a part of
Omani culture. Accordingly, there is nothing to
fear when ignoring physical distance. In Western
regions it is common to keep one arm’s length
distance away from each other, however, in the
Arabic world half of that is the norm.
Top: Country-specific patterned textiles
Bottom: Rose petals for the production of rose oil
10 | Interview
Travel etiquette | 11
Monarchy between
Fairyland and Modern Times
Unlike in any other Arabic country of the Gulf Coast, Sultan
Qaboos bin Said Al Said managed to find a perfect balance regarding the difficult gap between valuable culture and progress.
Old traditions lead to modern times
Whether it is about the Three Kings on the Kings Road, Sindbad the Sailor or Aladdin and
the Magic Lamp, Oman presents itself as the perfect backdrop for mystic stories, myths
and legends. The old Orient is still alive in this part of the world despite the oil wealth and
modernisation! This is demonstrated by the floor length robes worn by hosts nationwide.
The Omani people live according to old traditions, which include a high level of hospitality and open-mindedness. After all, 5,000 years of maritime trade with Africa and Asia
have left their mark − as well as a tolerant Ibadiyah-oriented Islamic national religion. This
means for the women in Oman: no obligation to wear a veil, equal career prospects, the
right to vote and also access to positions in the ministry. This is what is important to Sultan
Qaboos bin Said Al Said: As head of the state and government, he determinedly leads his
country into the modern age. The Sultan, who is revered by his people and whose family
has governed since the 18th century, celebrated his 40 years of reign in 2010.
Tolerance and Technology
Top: Sultan Qaboos’ mosque at night
Bottom: Festively lit Royal Opera House
Right side: His majesty Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said
12 | Customs & culture
Born the 18th November 1940 in Salalah as the 8th descendent of the Al Busaid Dynasty,
Sultan Qaboos attended a private school in Great Britain at the age of 17. As a cadet of the
Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and respectively as a member of the British Army of the
Rhine he served in Germany and even purchased a residence in Garmisch-Patenkirchen.
After a trip through Europe and Asia that lasted three months, the heir returned to Oman
in 1964. Following his father’s wish, he lived in Salalah for the next years, where he studied
Islam and the history and culture of his country. Shortly after taking over the government
he remarkably succeed in bringing peace and reconciliation to the rivaling tribes − the most
important foundation for the rise of the country and its stability.
The Omani people appreciate the Sultan as a wise sovereign lord, because he gave them
peace, modernity and prosperity. Like almost no other ruler in the Arabic world he knows
how to establish a perfect symbiosis between a traditional, oriental way of life, a tolerant Islam, enlightened cosmopolitanism and modern technology. His key to success is his steady
and close contact with his people. For example, he still goes once a year on a four week trip
through the country. During this „Royal Tour“, which is broadcast live on TV, every Omani
can present his suggestions, problems or complaints in order to discuss them openly with
the Head of State.
Music and dance to the rhythm of the desert
Omani music is one of the ways to experience this fascinating country with all the senses.
Indeed, Western ears first have to get used to the beat, but once adjusted to the sound the
rhythm is catchy − and perhaps even inspires one to dance along. Only seven out of the 35
traditional instruments are made to produce melody, which emphasizes rhythm’s dominant
role. Next to wind instruments and tambourines, various percussion instruments are used
to play traditional Bedouin- and sailor songs or feast dances. Tourists are able to experience
this pleasure, which also often contains Asian and African elements, because everyday life
events are celebrated with extensive music, singing, and dancing.
In order to keep this tradition alive, Sultan Qaboos Bin Said Al Said created not only the
Oman Centre for Traditional Music (OCTM), but also a government funded music group for
every Omani style as well as a great symphony orchestra. It is no coincidence that almost
half of the musicians are women: Compared to many other Arab countries, both sexes
may also share music and dance in the same way. Exclusively reserved for men, however,
remains the Razha dance, which is often performed when greeting and honouring the
Sultan. The swords that are thrown through the air during the dance show its origin as a
dance of war.
Oman also meets the highest international standards with its new Royal Opera House:
Inaugurated at the end of 2011 in Muscat with performances of the three famous pieces
Carmen, Swan Lake and Turandot, the Royal Opera House seats 1,100 people and features
attractive architecture, a lot of avant-garde technology and impressive acoustics (more on
page 35).
Streets and schools to the last oasis
With 309,500 square kilometres, located on the eastern part of the Arabic peninsula, Oman
is almost as big as Germany, but only sparsely populated. 80% of the 2,8 million inhabitants
are Omani, the remaining 20% originate from India, Pakistan, and Europe. The average life
expectancy is 74 years, with half of the population under the age of 20. To enable a modern
and efficient handling of the everyday life, the infrastructure has been continuously developed: At the beginning of Sultan Qaboos’ reign, there were only ten kilometres of asphalt
streets, two small hospitals and two schools. The infrastructure nowadays with its network
of streets, schools and hospitals reaching to the last oasis village is perfectly developed.
Top: Child in traditional costume
Bottom left: Ceramic art
Bottom right: Music group and dancers at a feast
The prosperity of the sultanate mainly originates from oil production, beginning in the
1960’s, however, the country is broadening its economic future with tourism. After all,
in Oman there are not only spectacular miracles of nature, beautiful beaches and the
ambience of Arabian Nights, but also modern luxury hotels as oriental fairytale palaces.
Top: Panoramic road in the coastal region near Muscat
Bottom: Aesthetic hand-art with henna
14 | Customs & culture
And, not to forget, there is sunshine almost every day! The steady warmth encourages
more and more winter-refugees to fly in for a longer period of time or even get settled in
one of the luxury estates that are being developed in various coast regions.
Customs & culture | 15
Tourism –
Key to the Future
By means of a remarkable variety of visionary projects —
combining modern and traditional components in an attrac­
tive way — the Omanis are developing a promising future out
of the desert sand.
Realisation of living dreams
The change, which will lead Oman from it‘s oil-rich past to a new future, is symbo-­
lized by a growing number of spectacular projects. For instance the exceptio­
nal
20 billion US-Dollar project Al Madina A’Zarqa, also known as “Blue City”
(www.bluecityoman.net) has become a completely new city since 2006, with 200,000
residents, 100 kilometres west of Muscat, located on a natural peninsula with a coastline of
about 16 kilometres. Soon it will be covered by several thousand apartments buildings and
villas, not to mention almost 20 hotels, two hospitals, a conference centre, as well
as a university, a cruise port next to many shopping, recreation, and entertainment facilities.
In the greater Muscat area, “The Wave” (www.thewavemuscat.com) – also designed to be
an integrated tourism project – is a considerably smaller endeavour, but no less impressing:
it is planned to be made up of 4,000 living units, some hotel complexes and beautiful
parks. The centre of “The Wave” is formed by a half-round marina, which is designed to
be an oriental medieval port with moorings for up to 300 boats. Another intriguing project features four luxury and boutique hotels. Located southeast of the capital Muscat, the
megaproject Jebel Sifah (www.jebelsifah.com) is erected on the sand of a five-kilometre
coastline stretch. Similarly to the other newly created seaside towns, the architecturally
attractive apartments and hotel buildings of the Salalah beach project in the far south of
the country (www.salalahbeach.com) are arranged around the new port.
Well-known hotel chains
Top: Unspoilt nature
Bottom: Beautiful location −
Shangri-La’s Barr Al Jissah Resort and Spa
16 | Tourism – Key to the Future
It is possible for foreigners to acquire one of the integrated tourist projects. By purchasing
a domicile they are not only becoming legal owners (this regulation was established only
recently and is restricted to specific areas), but can also be easily awarded a residence-visa.
Visitors who prefer to stay as tourists have a choice of a wide range of classy hotels run by
international companies. Their distinguished names will become part of accommodations
that are already managed by prestigious chains like Shangri La, Six Senses (Zighy Bay), RitzCarlton (Al Bustan Palace), Grand Hyatt, Chedi, InterContinental or Radisson (Park Inn).
They are ensuring Oman’s rapid rise as a perfect destination for luxury holidays.
Unsurprisingly, the new resorts are designed following the principle favouring “quality,
not quantity”. For instance, the boutique hotel in Jebel Sifah (www.sifawyhotel.com) with
its 55 bedrooms und suites impresses with its distinctive style of the famous designer
Alfredo Freda. Similarly, the 250-room hotel near by is named after the fashion label
Missoni. It will be completed at the end of 2013 and will exude Italian charm.
A drive in the desert
Needless to say, every new major touristic project is accompanied by a golf course. For
this reason the sultanate soon will be able to offer around ten golf sites. At “The Wave”, an
attractive 18-hole course is nearing completion, and half of it is already accessible. Under
the direction of Greg Norman, around one billion cubic metres were moved to arrange a
panoramic view over the ocean in the north of the complex and a view of the mountains
in the south. The Muscat Hills Golf and Country Club (www.muscathills.com) lies nearby an
international airport and is designed to meet PGA Championship standards. Paul Thomas
situated this course among picturesque, green hillsides. Open since 1971 as a sand course
and turned into a green course just recently, the Ghala Golf Club (www.ghalavalley.com) is
located right inside a wadi, thus, offering a particularly close experience of nature.
Golfing in the desert will surprise even experts with new and unique experiences − for instance, playing on small patches of artificial turf with roughs made of hard sand while flags
in the distance shimmer in the hot desert air.
Top: Tourists on a discovery tour
Bottom: Amazing pool at the Al Bustan Palace,
a Ritz-Carlton Hotel
Tourism – Key to the Future | 17
The Living Desert –
in Search of Exotic Species
White antelopes, black porcupines, or colourfully feathered
birds: the diverse fauna in the various national parks of Oman
shows an exemplary way of how to protect nature and wildlife.
Protection of natural treasures
Humped dromedaries are one of Oman’s many holiday treasures. They belong to camels
and are often called “boats of the desert” as they can survive without water for up to 25
days. The desert country also has a fascinating wide variety of wild animals. They have been
protected by Sultan Qaboos Said who right from the start of his reign has appreciated the
abundance of natural treasures. They have remained intact owning to the complete isolation of the country. On that account, Oman enforces strict limitations on hunting, as well as
preserves several nature areas.
The Al Saleel National Park − located in the Sharqiyah region − is inhabited by all kinds of
predators like wolves, wild cats, and foxes. The Jebel Samhan nature Reserve in Dhofar is of
special significance because of its extremely appealing cleft landscape, whereas the 4,500
square kilometres of national park provide a habitat for Nubian ibexes, Arabic leopards,
and black porcupines, which exist only in Oman. At the coast of Dhofar there are many
Khwars − fjord-like bays − which receive their water from springs and offer an especially
exotic fauna.
Rare goats and antelopes
An Arabic tahr − a shy type of wild goat − lives in the seclusion of the Jebel Aswad in the
eastern Hajar-mountains. However, the Arabian Oryx Sanctuary, located in the desert region
of Al Wusta, is likely more known than the latter. Here, white antelopes whose white fur can
reflect bright sunlight were reintroduced. They had previously been eradicated from the wilderness. The Ras al Hadd Turtle Reserve at Sur has been an exceptional success story. Close
to 100,000 of the worldwide endangered green sea turtles, which live up to 100 years and
weigh up to 200 kilograms, place their eggs in the sand of this beautiful reservoir.
Top: Food at great height
Bottom: Oryx antelopes
18 | National Parks
Also colourful flocks of birds are attracted by beautiful Oman. More than 350 species from all
over the world and around 80 native birds choose the desert country − especially Daymaniyat
Island Nature Reserve right by the capital − as a resting place on their way between Europe,
Asia, and Africa. The reserve is easy to reach from Muscat and is surrounded by magnificent
coral gardens. It emerges from the sea as a chain of nine islands and a paradise itself.
Fortresses made of Clay –
Masterpieces of Architecture
Omani architecture is usually associated with sturdy fortifications
Government today tries to preserve the aged fortifications and to restore them to their
original form. The fortresses are a prime tourist attraction with their labyrinthine passages
and secret doors, snarls of convoluted chambers, and galleries with cast-iron cannons.
as they are the sultanate’s most
important cultural and historical
Forts of modernity
places of interest.
The fortresses’ old architecture still constitutes a fundamental part of the common consciousness of the Omanis today. It is to be found in the style of numerous new luxury villas.
Impressive modern miniature forts, fascinating due to their apt symbiosis of contemporary
building materials and classic stylistic elements, form entire districts. Arched windows,
balustrades, and balconies are part of it, but so are turrets, gazebos, and battlements − to
name only a few. Every now and then, in old city districts and oases we can still see some
of the traditional clay houses, which represent the life of the ordinary Omani. Even now
traditional Areesh huts can be found in some remote areas. They are made to be permeable to air as they are created out of trunks, fronds, and fibres of palm trees. Stone houses
− basic and archaic − are adapted to the harsh geographical circumstances of the inhospitable mountain
ranges and are constructed half sunk-in the ground
or underneath overhanging cliffs. They can hardly be
recognised with the naked eye.
Clay − the basic building element
No other country of the Arab Peninsula has as
many town walls, forts, palaces, fortifications,
castles, and watchtowers as Oman does. Usually
between 150 and 300 years old, the impressive
defensive fortifications demonstrate the historical ways of protecting caravan trails, water
springs, and the whole country for that matter
against foreign domination. The most famous
sturdy fortresses are located in Muscat, Nizwa,
Birkat al-Mauz, Jabrin, Bahla, Barka, Sur, Sohar,
Nakhl, Rustaq, Al-Hazm or Buhraimi and can generally be seen from afar as they stand on the
top of a hill or a cliff. At the time they were built
exclusively from clay and sometimes were left
to decay due to changing power constellations.
Top left: Cannon at an entrance of a fortress
Top right: Perfect symbiosis of new and old
Bottom: Inner courtyard of a fortress
Architecture | 19
Treasures of Oman –
a Cultural Heritage of Mankind
Visitors who travel around Oman
are constantly under the impression of experiencing a remarkable
cultural heritage. The UNESCO
already listed many of the sights
as the world heritage.
Water and frankincense
While oases and fields of the neighbouring countries were watered by sporadic rainfall or by cisterns, the sultanate had an elaborate system of
water provision already at an early stage. Dating
back to around 2,500 years, precious water was
supplied by springs, wells, and Wadis via twelvekilometre long canals, viaducts, or tunnels to
people, animals, and fields all year round. It was
enough of a reason for the UNESCO to add the
Omani Aflaj (singular: Falaj − meaning “to distribute evenly”) to the world heritage sites in
2006. The systems of Nizwa, Birkat, Al Mauz, Izki,
Rustaq, and Al Jailah were chosen as respective
examples. However, two thirds of the 4,000 Aflaj-systems are still in use. Just as Aflaj, the world
heritage site of the Frankincense Trail is spread
over several places. On this legendary route, the
aromatic tree gum from Dhofar was carried on
caravans all the way up to the Mediterranean
Sea. The old frankincense trees at the Jabal Samhuram, together with the transfer sites of Khor
Rori and Ubar at Shisr or the old docks at Al Baleed and Samhuram can be found on the UNESCO
protection list since 2000. Around 7,000 tons
of frankincense a year are still produced today.
One kilogram of the traditional “gold of the antique” can be purchased in the souq starting from
5 Euros. However, green frankincense can be
worth more than 1,000 Euros.
20 | Cultural Heritage
Buildings made of clay
and rock ledges
The fortress Hisn Tamah of Bahla was selected as
the world heritage site in 1987 − despite being
in a deteriorated condition − because, after all,
it is the biggest clay fortress of the country.
A twelve-kilometre wall surrounds the whole
oasis. It is fifteen-metre tall and equipped with
132 impressive defence towers and fifteen gates.
Restoration works on the pre-Islamic defence
system begun in the 1990’s; however, the reconstruction is still not completed.
In contrast to the Bahla Fort, the beehive tombs
at Bat and Al Ain of the Dhahirah region remain
untouched. Those tombs are on the World Heritage Protection List since 1988. The roughly
handled rock ledges of the grave towers − 5,000
years old and eight-metre high − were left where they have fallen centuries ago.
Left side: Part of the Falaj-system
Top: The tomb of Bat is listed as a world heritage
Bottom: Desert vegetation
Cultural Heritage | 21
Off the Beaten Track –
through Deserts and Wadis
To explore the sultanate close-up in a somewhat adventurous
way, it is advisable to take a car and simply drive, thus enriching the journey with exciting off-road sections where even
dune bashing is possible.
A paradise for drivers
Like a speeding rollercoaster, the car whizzes up and down the dunes. It slides in
frightening positions across the slopes, or speeds at dangerous angles into the bends,
sand flying through the air. Unfortunately, though extremely fun, dune bashing demands
an advanced feel for the accelerator pedal and gear shift, and is therefore primarily
reserved for Omanis. But for those who actually want to learn dune bashing, there is the
chance to get driving lessons at the National Training Institute on an off-road playground near
Muscat (www.ntioman.com). After all, the sultanate is something of a paradise for drivers
thanks to its excellent and diverse road system, and the conceivably low gas prices. The
routes through the sultanate usually start in Muscat and lead over the fortress of Nakhl,
the legendary oasis city of Nizwa, the coastal city of Sur, or to the center of the frankincense production Salalah. Particularly impressive and atmospheric sections can be found
in the wild mountain world of the Hajar and the deserts Jiddat al Harasis and Al Wahiba,
or the planet‘s largest sand desert – the Rub al Khali.
In sleeping bags under the open sky
For those who value off-road-adventures but still want to play it safe, an experienced guide
to accompany the tour or follow behind in his own car can be of great help. This could be
particularly useful when one bears in mind the hidden pitfalls facing drivers in the desert:
who would have guessed that one is more likely to get stuck in hot sand than in cold, or
how dangerous a dry wadi can get, even if it rains only in mountains several kilometers
away? Undoubtedly however, driving the stunning roads alone is a unique and intense
experience when discovering the beauty of Oman’s nature.
Top: Wadi with palm trees
Right side, top: Fortress in front of rugged mountain scenery
Right side, bottom: A trip through the Al Wahiba
22 | Off the Beaten Track
On old caravan paths, the drive takes you
through untouched sand dunes, dilapidated fortresses, and scenic viewpoints; crosses gravel
beds and follows the dry water-streams of wadis,
or leads through deep canyons to dream-like oases. A gratifying experience that indeed does not
need a hotel. After a successful day spent touring
the desert, is there anything more beautiful than
enjoying the sunset amongst nature, and spending a romantic night under the stars?
An Intense Experience
between Sand and Rocks
Like a brilliant sculptor, forces of nature created the impressive
landscapes of Oman. The spectacular desert and mountain
sceneries attract a wide range of tourists, who fill their time
with activities ranging from camel trekking to extreme sports.
With camels on a caravan tour
Stirring up the desert‘s sand with SUVs; swinging down steep dunes on skis; those are
indeed holiday activities of the modern kind. A ‚Méharée‘, otherwise known as a hike with
dromedaries, offers an alternative and more traditional way of exploring the ‚sea of sand‘.
For thousands of years, this form of caravaning has taken place on old trading routes. There is hardly a better way to explore the endless space and beauty that the desert has to offer. Guided by Bedouins, the “ships of the desert” walk in an albeit bumpy, yet steady and
calming rhythm – an ideal way to come down from the hustle and bustle of everyday life.
The tours stretch over several days through the Al Wahiba, and are offered by experienced travel specialists for the Arabian region. The route covers 20 to 30 kilometres
daily in the direction of the Indian Ocean, where the participants can finally rid themselves of the desert sand. In the mornings, about three or four hours of horseback riding
are scheduled, and in the afternoons another two to three hours. Nights are of course
spent typically under the open sky or in tents, which, along with provisions for the trip,
are brought along by an accompanying support vehicle. The evening campfire helps not
only to warm up or to bake bread, but also works perfectly as a background setting for
the fascinating stories of the Bedouins.
More than 160 trekking routes
It goes without saying that Oman can also be explored by foot. Even Oman’s capital region
offers opportunities to combine sightseeing with small hikes – one good example is the
two-hour walk around Mutrah. Magnificent experiences of nature are waiting for those
who follow the dry riverbeds, or wadis, for several hours. Wadis like Ben Khalid attract
visitors with paradisiacal natural pools, which are surrounded by mighty karst landscape.
There are more than 160 hiking trails across the country with varying levels of difficulty
(www.trekkingoman.com), many having been signposted only recently.
The best time for hiking is from October to April. Professionally guided tours are offered
in the eastern part of the Hajar Mountains in particular, where hiking at an altitude of
more than 1,900 metres is possible even during the hotter months of the year. Providing
stunning views into 1000 metre deep abysses, the best-known trail of the country –
Left side: Spectacular view over a wild mountain scenery
Right side, top: Climbing Omani sand dunes
Right side, bottom: Tour through the desert with a mountain bike
Activity holidays | 25
Interview
with an Oman-expert
conducted by Volker Klinkmüller
What Bernard N. Viola, the director Al Bustan Palace in Muscat −
at part of the Ritz-Carlton-group
and a modern landmark of the
sultanate − thinks about the touristic development of the country.
the “Rim Walk” – leads along the escarpment of the Jebel Shams to Oman’s Grand Canyon. The ascent to the summit is especially appealing: with an altitude of 3009 metres,
this is the country’s highest mountain peak. For those aiming perhaps not quite so high,
the hike through the beautiful terraces of the Jebel Akhdar is also a great option.
A challenge on the mountain‘s face
It has become common knowledge in the climbing world that the sultanate is something
of a climber‘s paradise. For instance, the scarps of the Jebel Misht with their fissures,
dihedrals, and ledges are particularly challenging and therefore demand special skills.
The cave of Majlis al-Jinn is a single chamber measuring about 310 by 225 metres, with
a domed ceiling of 120 metres and three entrances in the roof. Below the highest entrance is an abrupt 178 metre drop, thus forming a very difficult climb up and down the
cave with a vertical rope. The cave of Al-Hoota, with its rich ecosystem and two lakes,
is much easier to explore. Altogether, there are up to 80 hiking routes already installed,
with markings ranging from French 5b to 7c. Regardless of the climbing season, which
lasts from mid-November to mid-March, the newly built ‚Muscat Diving and Adventure
Center‘ (www.climboman.com) offers ample opportunity to practise.
Paragliding and mountain biking
For those aiming even higher, literally, paragliding is the best option. The best Omani spots
for airy sports are discussed in respective internet forums. The Six Senses-Resort Zighy Bay in
Musandam (www.sixsenses.com) has made a
name for itself for tandem flights with tourists.
A less airy sport and also a good opportunity
to get in touch with Omanis is mountain biking
(professional bikes and tips can be found at
“Oman Bicycle Shop”: www.omanbicycle.com)
Top left: Air-conditioned through the desert heat
Top right: Pure driving pleasure
26 | Activity holidays
How do you see the development of tourism
in Oman? Will the country become one of
the leading luxury holiday destinations?
Absolutely! The readership of the well-respected
magazine National Geographic selected Oman as
the only Arab country to be among the top 20
of the most beautiful holiday destinations in the
world. And the numbers represent this tendency.
There are more and more tourists while many
new hotels are being opened. I believe that this
positive trend will proceed.
What is the role of your hotel in this process?
It reflects the positive development of tourism.
Our house combines precious Omani traditions
with modernity − and has political signalling effect: The Al Bustan Palace was built in 1985 to
hold the summit meeting of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). In the same year, heads of
the state and heads of the government from all
over the world gathered here to celebrate the
15th anniversary of our Sultan coming into power.
However, we do not only hold international conferences here, we also house the royal symphony
orchestra in our own concert hall.
Why is the Al Bustan Palace celebrated
specifically for its atrium in travel guides?
In 2007 there have been extensive renovation
works focusing on renewing the atrium. Now it
is the home of the world’s largest crystal chandelier and a gigantic crystal fountain, which is
quite a feast for the eyes. The walls have been
decorated with arabesque woodcarvings; rich
nacre and gold leaves.
That sounds like one of the palaces in the
Arabian Nights …
Yes, this comparison has been used frequently.
When I walk through the lobby in the morning
and see the impressive dome, I really do feel like
being in a fairy tale. But also the surrounding
magnificent landscape, made of mountains, flowers and the sea, has its own effect.
There are several restaurants in the hotel −
which one would you recommend the most?
That is hard to say, because every single one is
fascinating and unique. At the Al Khiran-terrace for instance, one experiences an atmospheric dinner overlooking the sea, while authentic
Asian food is served at the China Mood. And if
you want to have a cocktail at night, I would
absolutely recommend the Al Maha Lounge.
Interview | 27
An Intact Marine World –
a Paradise for Water Sports
With a 1,700 kilometre long coastline of beautiful beaches,
crystal-clear water, and fascinating submarine environment,
the sultanate is a beach and water sports paradise for holidays.
Luxury resorts, maritime activities
Surrounded by the Arabian Sea, the Persian Gulf, and the Gulf of Oman, the sultanate offers
perfect conditions for holidays: relaxation at the beach or versatile water sports. Besides
pleasant temperatures during winter season, the clear sea water is abundant with fish and
yields an amazing big fish-population, next to the 21 whale species that reside in the area
between Musandam and Dhofar. To preserve the region’s attractiveness, there are effective
environmental protection laws encompassing strict fishing quotas, restrictions in the maritime national parks, as well as close monitoring of the dolphin and whale populations.
Next to the long-established popular beach and snorkelling tours with traditional Dhows
in Musandam, water sport activities are widely available in the rest of Oman. Sailing and
catamaran trips, water ski and surf lessons, but also deep-sea fishing (the season lasts
from September to April with the possibility of catching tuna, bluefish, hammerhead, and
mackerel sharks or up to ten species of the giant trevally), and dolphin and whale watching
tours can be booked almost everywhere throughout the country. Those tours and courses
are offered by private companies as well as luxury beach resorts, which do not only indulge
with all modern conveniences and beautiful locations, but also provide compelling excursions to the cultural, historical, and scenic sights in the rest of the country.
Breath-taking diving destinations
There are various possibilities for diving holidays. The Omani coastline enthrals with its
85 species of hard and soft corals, an abundant population of sea turtles, and several
hundred species of fish − even with the giant whale sharks that can reach up to 18 metres
in length and weigh over ten tons. The fjords of Musandam with 63 registered diving
spots, Salalah, and the coastal area of Muscat with its Daymaniyat Islands, are probably
three of the most beautiful submarine worlds. There are thirty-meter cliffs to be found
here and several mystic shipwrecks, for example, the 84 metres troopship Al Munnassir,
which was sunk in 2003. Therefore, it comes with no surprise that the number of diving
companies is continuously increasing. Everything is possible: introductory diving courses, internationally valid diving licenses, night and wreck ship trips, but also underwater
photography or filming courses (www.omandivecenter.com, www.musandam-diving.com,
www.bluezonediving.com, www.moonlightdive.com).
Left side, top: Beautiful untouched beach in the region of Dhofar
Left side, bottom: Exciting submarine world at Muscat
Top: Sailing catamaran
Bottom: Dolphins as loyal companions
Marine World | 29
Omani Cuisine –
Culinary Diversity
Having been refined over the
Cosmopolitan delicacies
centuries and sometimes being
One of the selected Omani specialities is only served on special occasions, although tourists might
get very lucky and find a good hotel that serves this exquisite dish. It is no surprise that this dish
is such a rarity; the preparation of “Shuwa” − as Oman’s national dish is called − is very complex
and, with its preparation time of 24 to 48 hours, requires a lot of patience. Pieces of meat, or even
a whole animal, are tossed into a marinade of mashed dates, vinegar, pepper, garlic, and “bizar” – a
typical spice blend consisting of pepper, cumin, ginger, coriander, cardamom, and cinnamon. Then
everything is wrapped in banana leaves and finally put on glowing embers in a covered hole in the
ground, where the meat can slowly simmer for hours.
Because the Bedouins used this traditional method of preparing Shuwa, it can be characterized as
the origin of the Omani cuisine. Nevertheless, Omani cuisine has changed since then. Originally, it
was flavoured with plenty of spices and herbs brought by sailors from India and Eastern Africa. Today, newer influences come from European and Asian guest-workers which give Oman’s gastronomy
a cosmopolitan touch.
quite elaborate, Oman’s traditional cuisine now promises a broad
Exclusive diving cruises
It is particularly appealing to combine diving with cruise experiences. The diving and
cruising specialist Al Marsa, located at Musandam (www.almarsamusandam.com), has
four luxuriously reproduced dhows to cruise the coast of the fjords. Al Marsa offers
live-aboard trips for up to seven days. The vessels are equipped with air-conditioned
luxury cabins, comfortable sun decks, and an excellent on-board service. “MV Saman”
(www.regal-diving.co.uk/mv-saman-explorer) is the only ship of its category that cruises
the coastal waters of Oman. It is 34 metres long and nine metres wide. This vessel provides
space for 22 passengers and sets sails on mostly still, undisturbed waters of the Daymaniyat Islands, north of Muscat, for an unforgettable weeklong discovery tour.
By the sea and in the air
Top: Roaring waves at sunset
Bottom: Animated, colourful coral reef in the Gulf
Oman is a paradise for wind and kite surfing, especially between the end of May and midSeptember, when the wind is blowing with a speed of 20 to 40 knots (five to six Beaufort).
Next to Sur with its beautiful Ras al Haad-lagoon, this sport became firmly established
on the island of Masirah off the east coast. The unique coastline of Masirah features surf
spots of all degrees of difficulty − from the quiet areas of safe water to the rough waves.
Even the heart of the capital offers an opportunity for kitesurfing,. At Alzaiba Beach,
visitors can take a refresher course as well as a six-hour lesson (open to 12 years up), and
can apply for certificates issued by the International Kite boarding Organisation (IKO). And
to disprove a common prejudice: In order to learn this elegant water sport, there is no
need to look like a muscleman/woman or to be well trained (www.kitesurfing-lessons.com,
www.kiteboarding-oman.com).
variety. Despite its culinary sophistication − those who want to
dine authentically should make
use of their fingers.
Dining with sensitivity
Rice and wood-oven made pita bread – called
Chubs or also Japati – provide the basis for a typical Omani dish, while beef, chicken, goat, lamb
or fish are served as side dishes. Appetisers,
such as pickled vegetables, mashed chickpeas
(houmus), deep-fried chickpea balls (falafel),
minced salad (tabouleh), and mashed aubergines (mutabbal), also form an integral part of
every meal and are served in small portions on
the table. Those who want to enjoy Omani food
in traditional fashion should only use their right
hand; the left hand is considered to be filthy!
Handy chunks of rice and side dishes are formed
before one uses their fingertips to pick them up
and put them in their mouth with their thumb.
Despite its great taste, “qahwa”, the Omani coffee, takes a little getting used to. For centuries,
this magic drink has always brought friends and
strangers together. After roasted coffee beans
are boiled and served in small cups, cardamom
and saffron may be added and sometimes even
rose water is included. Depending on one’s own
preferences, sweet dates can be used as an alternative to sugar.
Oriental spices, Omani appetisers,
traditional coffeepot
30 | Marine World
Omani Cuisine | 31
The City of Muscat –
History meets Modern Life
The name of Oman’s legendary
capital Muscat means “to anchor” or the place where we “let
the anchor fall”. This original
meaning is an indication of the
long maritime history of the city.
In search of traces in the souq
Even though the city’s name is an indication of
Muscat’s history and its traditional function as
an important seaport, traces of the past are not
always identifiable at first sight. For example, it
is hard to imagine that the bollards near the Al
Alam Palace are aged canons. Sultan Faisal bin
Turki saw in those canons an unwanted present
and decreed to put them into the ground.
Today, the city with its 700,000 inhabitants
presents itself as a modern city, but still with
an authentic feel to it. Instead of a skyline dominated by skyscrapers, the city is still characterised by low, white-washed buildings and extends over a distance of almost 60 kilometres
Left side: Muscat – metropolis with a maritime charm
Right side: Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque – a
fascinating example of Arabian architecture
32 | Muscat
along the coastline. Towered over by an old Portuguese fortress, the Corniche of Mutrah
district still presents several lined-up trade houses from the 19th century: With their
arched windows, cornices, and grids they form a gorgeous setting for the fleet on the sea.
Near the seaport, there is an abundance of ships consisting of dhows, ferries, yachts, luxury
liners, and freighters. The country’s most famous souq can also be found close-by: The air in
the narrow and winding alleys is filled with scents of spices, incense, and oriental perfume
oils. A perfect place to rummage and haggle.
An urban freeway as a tourist trail
Not far away from the souq, at the fish market, the air is filled with a quite different smell.
The urban freeway − as a rather exceptional tourist site − starts westwards from this
area. Flanked by rugged mountains, artificially irrigated flower beds and rows of trees, the
freeway leads to all important points of interest and to all districts of the “Capital Area”.
This freeway is special because of the roundabouts that it crosses: they are dominated by
impressive monuments that symbolise Oman’s culture. Famous roundabout monuments
are the impressing dhow “Sohar” (an authentic reproduction of a medieval Arabic sailing
boat) or a monument consisting of massive golden beak-spouted jugs. Following the freeway, one of the most famous sights is the “Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque”: Although most
Omani mosques are prohibited for non-Muslims, this mosque is accessible to all kinds of
visitors. Its fascinating hand-woven prayer rug has a size of 4,200 square metres and consists of 1,7 billion knots. Other treasures can be discovered in the museums of the capital
– even Omani oil: The Oil and Gas Exhibition Centre houses a worthwhile exhibition about
the country‘s most important treasure.
The Royal Opera House –
an Opera House as in 1001 Nights
Muscat is en vogue
It is no coincidence that Muscat can pride itself with numerous international successes and
great events in 2012. All of them have shown that Muscat has found its place in the world
as a remarkable tourist destination and that the city’s charm is more and more known
beyond Oman’s borders: In 2012, the tourism ministers of the Arab League awarded
Muscat the title “Arab Tourism Capital 2012”, adding one more title to the plethora of
international important art, culture, and sport events. “Lonely Planet” even ranked Muscat
on its eagerly awaited list of “Must See Destinations for 2012”, only second place behind
London. The world’s biggest travel guidebook publisher praises Muscat’s sightseeing spots,
its cultural events, new luxury resorts, trendy design stores, and attractive opportunities
for water sports.
International fame
This new reputation complements perfectly with the worldwide fame the sultanate gained
in sailing sports. The grand opening of the renowned “Extreme Sailing World Series 2012”
competition took place inside the city with the Omanis being very successful during the
event. A quite different event that caught worldwide media attention was the “Equestrian
and Camel Festival”: Here, 40 Arabian stallions pulled a carriage to celebrate the 40th year
reign of the Sultan. One of the city’s newest attractions is the Royal Opera House and it
even leads to an international interplay: After the best master builders, tenors, and conductors were called into the country for building and performing the festival hall, the echo
of the new cultural site resounds back into the world (more about the Royal Opera House
on the following page).
Although the Royal Opera House has just been inaugurated, it
is already one of Oman’s the most popular tourist attractions.
This new festival hall guarantees a unique experience – simply
for the reason of its remarkable schedule of world class performers and its avant-garde technology from Germany alone.
Striking adjustability
Muscat’s new opera house impresses with flexibility: It adjusts to the playing schedule at
the touch of a button. A 500 ton machine is able to transform this miracle construction
from a theatre into a concert hall by pulling out an orchestra pit, changing the configuration of the balconies, and reorienting the acoustic screens hanging from the ceiling. The
avant-garde stage mechanics as well as the pipe organ with its 4,542 pipes were built by a
renowned German company. The lobby of the festival hall was inaugurated in autumn 2011
and impresses with its classy interior: A free standing renaissance-style staircase leads to
the upper floors and enables a view over windows of coloured glass, artfully manufactured
lamps, and gilded stucco. In addition, the sumptuous garments of the ushers contribute to
the unique charm of the opera house.
World-class repertoire
The only opera house at the Gulf Coast so far seats 1,100 (monitors in the seat backs are
included) and meets the standard of opera houses like the Scala in Milan, the Sydney Opera
House, or the Palais Garnier in Paris. Located in the district of Al Qurum, the opera strikes
the eye of travellers already on their way from the airport into the city – especially at night
when it is beautifully illuminated. From the first day on, the programme contributed to the
brilliance inside the building. During the first few weeks, no less than three world-class
opera performances attracted visitors to the concert hall with an exclusive touch: The stage design of “Carmen” was arranged by Oscar-winner Gianna Quaranta, “Turandot” was
enthralled as a production of Placido Domingo and Franco Zeffirelli, and moreover “Swan
Lake” was performed by the famous Mariinksy Ballet. Performances at the opera now and
in the future are to meet the highest international standards. They include not only a classical western repertoire, but also traditional and modern music of the Arab region. Tickets
are subsidised, starting at 18 Euros. Of course, reservations are encouraged and always
should be made in advance (www.rohmuscat.org.om).
Top: A mosque as a place of silence
Top: Beautifully illuminated Royal Opera House in Muscat
Bottom: Muscat with its harmonic mix of architectural styles
Bottom: Modern technology in line with classic interior
34 | Muscat
Royal Opera House | 35
The bizarre
Hajar Mountains –
a Wonderland of Geology
No place else is quite as spectacular as the Hajar Mountains, where
it is easy to see a cross-section
of the world’s rock formations.
Whilst they are undoubtedly fascinating, they are also the setting
for almost all travel routes which
lead through Oman.
A variety of shapes and colours
Majestic mountains with furrowed slopes and
mystic caves, breathtakingly steep drops, sharp
jagged rocks, and deep gorges – the changing
position of the sun accentuates them all, producing an overwhelming interplay of colours.
There is no doubt that the Hajar Mountains could be the setting for fairy tales like
Aladdin and the Magic Lamp, or Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves. With its impressive display
of nature, the mountain range streches over a distance of almost 500 kilometres through
the sultanate, and forms a 3000 metre barrier between the Gulf of Oman and the interior
desert landscapes. Formed by tectonic faults 65 million years ago, the “Jebel Akhdar” – or
the most important mountain range, as known to the locals – is something of a paradise
for geologists. Layers of earth, elsewhere hidden from vision deep underground, here
show on the surface for all to see. Coloured rocks and rare fossils are not the only testaments to the past: 4000 year old petrographs hint at the region‘s history, representing
traces of an early human settlement amongst the mountain range.
A breathtaking canyon
Left side: Desert life
Right side: Fortress-like village in the mountains
Right side, top: A marvel of geology
Right side, bottom: Canyons inviting to discovery tours
36 | Hajar
300 kilometres south, the Wadi Jizzi and the Suma’il-pass provide good opportunities to
stroll deeper into the Hajar Mountains on practical roads. The picturesque mountain village
of Misfah al Abryeen is certainly a worthwhile destination, with century-old houses built
purely of natural stone nestled together closely amongst steep little lanes. Behind Al Hamra,
one is led to “Oman’s Grand Canyon”: a plateau at 2,000 metre altitude, and also a place of
refuge for a picnic or camping during hot summer months. The edge of this plateau offers
a fantastic view of Wadi Nakhar, which is located 1,000 metres underneath the plateau and
features various layers of sediment. The peak of Jebel Shams, not too far from Wadi Nakhar,
rises to a height of 3009 metres, and as the country’s highest mountain, sometimes even
adorns itself with a thin layer of snow. The Plateau of Saiq defies the mountain desert in a
wild and romantic way: pomegranates, grapes, walnuts and even roses processed for per­
fume thrive here on spectacular terraces.
Hajar | 37
The Region
of Al Batinah –
Exciting
Al Dhahirah –
the Breadbasket of the Country
Mystic Tomb Towers
Although Oman’s north western region of Al Dhahirah is only
Mystic tomb towers
sparsely populated, it should not take away from the fact that
Al Dhahirah’s most interesting sightseeing
locations are the necropolises, which form in
contrast to Oman’s numerous watch and fortified towers a very special category of tomb
towers. These tombs, built of rough-worked
flagstones, once reached almost eight metres
in height, and they are called “beehive tombs”
by archae­ologists because of their shapes and
dents. The round towers have functioned as
tombs since 3,000 B.C.E and have been listed
under the UNESCO world cultural heritage since
1988. Most of the beehive tombs and even the
most popular ones are found near Bat. Still, the
well preserved formation of 18 tombs on a ridge
lined up in front of the 1,000 metre Jebel Misht
looks even more spectacular. Other traces of an
early settlement were incidentally found when
oil was prospected. The corpus of finds showed
that long ago copper was mined and handled
and that it found its way to distant empires like
Mesopotamia. Fortunately, oil was discovered as
well. Since 1966, oil has been pumped from one
of the country‘s most important oil production
sites, Fahud, and the oil is transferred through a
pipeline to the Mina Al Fahal Terminal in Muscat.
great treasures can be found there both above and underground.
Between Quicksand and Oases
Sohar and Sindbad
Since ancient times, Al Batinah’s high population density and
fertile lands have been cause for invasions and have resulted in
the subsequent need for numerous defence fortifications.
The lush green of the plain is never far away from
the beautiful coast of Al Batinah with its “oases
of the modern times”, as the luxury resorts with
their diverse spa programmes are called. However, more authentic nature can be found on the
islands of the Daymaniyat Nature Reserve. In
the Gulf of Oman, 20 kilometres off the coast,
and surrounded by colourful coral gardens, the
islands line up like pearls on a chain.
The sparsely inhabited region of Al Dhahirah in Oman‘s northwest is situated between the
Hajar Mountains and the Rub al Khali Desert. On its periphery lies the salt desert of Umm
al-Samim – with its quicksand areas, it is one of the most dangerous types of deserts. The
better known large oasis area of Buraimi also marks the most important border crossing
to the United Arab Emirates (UAE). After completing the necessary formalities, an exciting
side trip to the neighbouring city of Al Ain behind the border to the UAE awaits. Because
of its beautiful parks, this popular holiday resort is adorned with the title “Garden City of
the Gulf”. Another interesting place – the historic trade centre of Ibri – is situated half way
between Buraimi and Nizwa. The city is still the region’s most important market but the
role of its impressive fortress has changed over time. The fortress once served for defence
purposes but also habitation purposes until it was restored in 1995. The nearby souq, with
a wide range of textiles and water containers made of camel skin by the Bedouin-women
of the oasis, is an attractive tourist site.
Bullfighting in Barka
Head to head and horn to horn, panting while locking horns, the strong bulls are seen
either leaning on their forelegs or standing on their hind legs. They fight until the stronger one succeeds in pushing the other away. Even tourists can enjoy this energetic and
fortunately bloodless spectacle. Nevertheless, it is a stroke of luck to find out the exact
time of such an event, as local media only releases the date on short notice. The traditional
Omani bullfighting takes places solely on Fridays and primarily in Barka. Barka is located
in the region of Al Batinah, which starts west of the Greater Muscat area and stretches 270
kilometres along the coast to the boarders of the United Arab Emirates. The groundwater
level in Al Batinah is comparatively high, as water from the Wadis of the western Hajar
Mountains flows into the plain. Due to the fertility of the soil in this region, it is often called
the breadbasket, fruit garden or stomach of Oman. And a part of the yield from the crops of
mangoes, bananas, potatoes, carrots, tomatoes, and dates is even be exported.
38 | Al Batinah
Even Sindbad the Sailor may have sailed around
them when returning to Sohar from his adventures on the seas around the world. For the residents of Al Batinah’s most important trading
port it is without question that the legendary
merchant was a son of their city. The coastal area
of Al Batinah, with its abundance of fortresses,
invites you to explore the fairy-tales of Arabian
Nights a little closer. The spectacular forts of
Nakhl, Al Rustaq, and Al Hazm, for instance, can
be visited in just one exciting day trip − even if
Muscat is the starting point.
Left side, large picture: Unbloody bullfight
Left side, top right: Fortress with hinterland
Left side, bottom right: Encounter with Omani people
Top: World cultural heritage – tomb towers near Bat
Bottom: Diverse landscape
Al Dhahirah | 39
Musandam –
a Dream World made of Rocks and Fjords
On the map, Musandam looks like a cherry on top of Oman
and it actually is. Cruises, safaris, and trekking tours are lead
through breath-taking sceneries formed by rocks and fjords.
A cruise on a dhow with dolphins
Munsandam extends into the Strait of Hormuz, a wild natural scenery consisting of deep
bays, cliffy islands, idyllic beaches, and impressive rock formations and mountains. Due
to the influence of the British Empire, the exclave located to the north of the United Arab
Emirates now belongs to Oman. In the 18th century, Britain recognized the strategic value
of the peninsula and pushed the allied Sultan to annex the territory.
Today, the Strait of Hormuz is bridged over by packed speedboats from Iran, which thrive
on trade from Musandam’s biggest city, “Khasab”. In contrast, there are romantic cruises with which the secluded world of the fjords can be discovered. Often escorted by
dolphins, the wooden dhows glide smoothly through fascinating estuaries, like the Khor
Schimm that stretches over 17 kilometres. Along the way, the passengers can admire the
impressive rock formations, or can dive into the turquoise water for a swim or snorkelling
(e.g. www.msaoman.com).
Simple stone houses and attractive villas
Other opportunities that offer unforgettable impressions include safaris and trekking tours
through the backcountry (e.g. www.khasabtours.com). Whether you are on the road to the
meadows of the Sayh Plateau or the acacia forest of Rawdah, or on a tour to Jebel Harim −
the region‘s highest mountain at an altitude of 2,078 metres – the mountain desert never
seizes to amaze with its spectacular rock faces, overhanging rocks, canyons, screes, and
changing play of colours. In some areas, archaic stone houses – the Bait al Qafl – indicate
the simple life of the shepherds and farmers of the oases long ago. To protect its inhabitants
from heat and cold, the cave-like housing was set deep in-ground.
Left side, top: A fisherman throws his net into the sea
Left side: bottom: Traditional dhow on a cruise
Right side: Scenic view from a mountain pass
40 | Musandam
In contrast to the simplicity of the past, modern hotels are leading Musandam into the future.
One of them is situated on the 1,6 kilometre sand beach of Zighy Bay (www.six-senses.com).
Guests of the at least 82 square metre luxury villas, which were built of natural materials,
can even fly themselves in with a paraglide. The three futuristic catamarans that ply between
Musca, Shinas, and Musandam (www.nfc.om) offer another exciting, yet racy transfer option.
At a speed of more than a 100 kilometres per hour, the “Shinas”, the “Hormouz”, and the
“Sawqrah” sweep through the Gulf of Oman.
The Seafaring City of Sur –
Home of the Dhows
Located at the coast of Sharqiyah, the bursting city of Sur was
once an important seaport. Impressive remains of the historical art of shipbuilding have survived even until today.
Red sand dunes and blue sea
When travelling to Sur, the journey is in and of itself a gracious reward. The 200 kilometre
route from Muscat to Al Sharqiyah is a tremendously scenic and relentlessly breath-taking
excursion. From the streets to the hilltops, it is possible to witness sublime views of the
impressive world of mountains and the deep blue sea, in addition to the enchanting wadis
and oases. For those who are heading to the seaport from inland areas, it is worthwhile
to visit the legendary women’s market in Ibra for a day of female entrepreneurship filled
with traditional gowns and vibrant interactions. Or perhaps for those with an interest in
geography, it may be more adventurous to visit one of the world’s largest cave chambers,
the Majlis al Jinn, which is only accessible through vertical descent or the 5,000 years old
tower tombs close-by.
Other trips worth taking include off-road travels to the “Wahiba Sands” – short for the
Ramlat Al Wahiba Desert with its red and golden sand dunes that rise up to a height of 150
metres and display grand varieties of patterns and incredible textures. Sur served as the
main source of revenue for the region − particularly in terms of fishing, trade, as well as
shipbuilding − from the 17th century until the end of slave trade and the opening of the Suez
Canal in the 19th century. But Sur’s traditional shipbuilding has survived until today. In fact,
Sur attracts many travellers to observe the traditional technique of dhow shipbuilding, for
instance the 20 metres “Fatah al Khair”: Built nearly a hundred years ago, the elegant ship
was refurbished in a dedicated community action, and afterwards placed
in front of the Maritime Museum.
This capital city of north-eastern
Oman has many facets to offer and
so many sights to see, only beginning with the wooden ships that are
rumoured to last one hundred years.
Freshly caught seafood
to the sea only through a small orifice, but stretches deep into the country­side. In the centre
of the prosperous city there are numerous restaurants tempting both locals and tourists with
freshly caught seafood specialities. As a result,
the desire to visit the morning fish market and
purchase some of the world’s most delectable
seafood is aroused. The market not only provides
a lasting impression of the richness of the coastal
waters’ fauna, but also brings in more revenue
for the city. Likewise, the most strictly protected nature reserves for green sea turtles attracts
numerous travellers to observe these portly shelled animals crawl out of the sea to bury
their walnut-sized eggs into the sands at night.
Their breeding grounds at the beach of Ras al
Jinz stretch over 45 kilometres and visitors can
witness the fascinating spectacle on cautiously
guided tours. After such a touching sight, one
can only be grateful that it has been a long time
since the rare green sea turtles ended up in
cooking pots.
specialties
As Sur offers the country’s largest
fishing harbour, which has attained
substantial and dynamic economic
growth, this city proudly nestles on
an extensive lagoon. The inlet opens
Left side, top: The art of shipbuilding
Left side, bottom: View on Sur’s legendary harbour
Top: Fisherman working
Bottom: Historic remains of seafaring
Sur | 43
Fascinating
Al Dakhiliyah –
Mountains and Fortresses
Hidden between high mountains in the heart of the governorate
Al Dakhiliya (Inner-Oman), the former capital of Oman leads
the way to the sultanate’s most important fortresses.
Bastions − recognized as world heritage
With an altitude of 3,000 metres and a range of almost 500 kilometres, the mountain
ridge top of the Jebel Akhdar forms a natural border to Oman’s coastal strip, thus preserving the region’s authenticity over the centuries. The defence fortifications in this region
are Oman’s most impressive and are listed as a world heritage site. The 15 gates and 132
towers of Fort Hisn Tamah in Bahla rise some 50 metres above its foundation and form
Oman’s largest fortress. Due to the immense ruins of this fortress, restoration work has
been slow to progress, resulting in decades worth of construction. The palace-like fortress
of Jabrin, on the other hand, comes up with beautiful lancet windows, wood carvings, and
painted ceilings, displaying a great example of a defence fortification. The best preserved
houses can be found in Al Hamra, which are close by and made of clay. But the highlight
of every tour in this region is certainly Nizwa. The former (and according to many Omanis
still the secret) capital is located 175 kilometres from Muscat, near the legendary
Jebel Sham (the sun mountain). Since the early 17th century it was a flourishing centre of
trade, religion, philosophy, and arts. This historical oasis, with its connection to the roots
of Islam, also has a 500 year old system of falaj-canals that provide water for the city and
the surrounding farmlands.
Narrow stairs and alleys
Top: Bahla − view of the largest fortress of the country
Bottom: Breath-taking view of Nizwa
Right side, top: Father and son at the market
Right side, bottom: Outcome of a perfect restoration
44 | Al Dakhiliyah and Nizwa
The historic centre of Nizwa underwent extensive traditional restorations and is located
at the foot of an enormous fortress. Towering above all, with a 24 metre round bastion,
its drum-like tower with a diameter of 36 metres makes it appear to be an unconquerable
stronghold. The inside of the monumental cylindrical tower leads up narrow and winding
stairs with insidious pitfalls to the parapet with its canons. The balcony allows magnificent
views of the nearby Friday mosque, as well as of the green date farms and gardens. The
green of the nature creates a beautiful contrast to the blue sky and the brown, barren
mountains.
The bustling and bounteous bazaar right near the
fort completes the picture with an authentic oriental flair, especially in the streets filled with silversmiths − an art that adds to Nizwa’s reputation
far beyond its borders. The same applies to the
traditionally preserved East-Souq, where old men
sell consumer goods and spices. Early each Friday
morning there is a vivacious livestock market that
should not be missed. This local trading of goats,
sheep, or cattle met with sceptical examining
with pinches, loud advertising, and presentations
is surely an experience that makes it possible to
truly feel the heart of the Orient.
Al Dakhiliyah and Nizwa | 45
The Desert Region
of Al Wusta –
a Refuge for Noble Animals
Oman’s barren geographic heart
Spike bucks as treasures of nature
is only sparsely populated. That
Who could guess that the almost 300 kilometre coastline of the deserted region of Al Wusta
is one of the sultanates’ most diverse regions? The area between white beaches, black rocks,
bluish lagoons, and two archipelagos, offshore the coast, is home to 13 different dolphin
and whale species, pink-coloured flamingos, and several migratory birds and seabirds. The
region’s heartland is home to more life than the monotone landscape would lead one to believe, including the Nubian ibex, the Arabian gazelle, desert hedgehog, the caracal, wolves,
wildcats, rabbits, and − an especially prominent inhabitant − the white Arabian Oryx. Thanks
to an ambitious nature protection project from 1979, the formerly extinct spike bucks could
be reintroduced to the area and they now form a population of about 300. The project’s
success can be seen in the container settlement of Jaalouni, where actions for breeding,
protection, and further distribution are coordinated. The rangers also lead visitors to the legendary but shy white animals that feed off desert grass and that are able to survive without
water longer than camels.
does not mean that it is lifeless.
On the contrary, it is the perfect
habitat for numerous species –
like the shy Oryx antelope.
Metropolis of the caravans
When travelling through the Al Wusta region it is hard to miss that it is the most sparsely
populated of the eight Omani districts. Since 1980, a paved road runs perfectly straight for
over a thousand kilometres from Muscat southwards to Salalah, crossing a desert full of grit
and gravel. The road, leading through the scorching heat, is almost solely used by lorries
and by the workers of the oil rigs. Haima, the largest town of this flat region, is located
halfway down the road. The region is named after the tribe of the Harasis and is therefore
also called Jiddat al Harasis. Near the village of Schisr, archeologists believe they have rediscovered the legendary metropolis of the caravans, Ubar, which was mentioned in the Bible
and in the Koran. It was discovered with the help of the space shuttle “Challenger”, whose
satellite photos gave indication of a historic trade route that was covered by desert sand. In
fact, since the beginning of the 1990’s and under the guidance of the UNESCO, the remains
of a bigger city have been excavated. In the past, caravans with up to 2,000 camels loaded
with spices, copper, and frankincense allegedly began their journey at this “Atlantis of the
Sands” heading north.
Top: A graceful beauty
Bottom: Green acacia on dry soil
Right side, top: Fascinating vast desert
Right side, bottom: Camels on the beach – a remarkable sight
46 | Al Wusta
Magical Dhofar –
a Trip into the Land of Frankincense
Scimitars and Enticing
Pieces of Jewellery
The mere name of the city sounds melodic and magical, while
A stroll through the alleys of
its scent bewitches even more. Salalah’s location in the legen-
Omani bazaars reveals exquisite
dary region of Dhofar also marks the starting point of the
handicraft masterpieces − an art
Incense Route.
based on ancient traditions.
With smoke to wealth and glory
About a 1,000 kilometres from Muscat, the governorate of Dhofar is hidden in Oman’s far
south. Its former wealth and glory was based on the small knobby frankincense trees that
grow particularly in this region. Sought-after like gold, the resin was needed in churches to
initiate a ritual-intoned atmosphere as well as for its curative powers. With camel caravans
it was brought all the way up the legendary 3,500 kilometre Incense Route to the Mediterranean Sea, and finally to the Occident. Even today it is still not hard to find frankincense in
the provincial capital of Salalah, for instance at the museum worth seeing “Museum of the
Frankincense Land”. Another very atmospheric place is the city‘s old souq: Covered in black
abayas and mostly veiled in niqabs that cover everything but the eye slits, the local women
ardently promote their frankincense crystals –as a sample in the form of smoke. Therefore,
a permanent whiff pervades the narrow streets of the bazaar. Many of the former frankincense trade sites, like the ancient seaport of Al Baleed, are now on the world heritage list
of the UNESCO. From Salalah many attractions are easy to reach: The grave of the prophet
Job, the city of Ubar (Schisr) that sunk like Atlantis in the desert sand or the excavation site
of Sumhurum, where allegedly the legendary palace of the Queen of Saba can be found.
The monsoon as an attraction
The large parks, gardens, fields, and plantations are an indicator of Salalah’s remarkable
climate, which differs significantly from the rest of the sultanate: Every year the region is
hit by the southwest monsoon – called Kharif − and its permanent rainfalls. Surprisingly,
that time of the year is also the peak season of Salalah’s tourism: Many people from the
surrounding Gulf States travel to the region to enjoy what is rather a rare climate to find in
desert regions: moderate temperatures, fog and drizzle rain.
Top: At the bazaar − a lot to choose from
Bottom: Lived traditions
48 | Dhofar
Salalah − with its white, palm-lined beaches and fizzing water fountains in the Mughsail
bay − is not only the second biggest city in the country, but also has the most popular
beach sites. It also offers a great selection of hotels. Off the coast, in the crystal clear water
between coral gardens and fascinating algae forests, there is such a diversity of species that
divers can expect encounters with sea creatures such as rays or turtles.
Although in today’s age the Omanis prefer elaborate golden jewellery, the traditional works
of silversmithing made Oman famous far beyond its borders. Whether as beautiful necklaces, bracelets, bandeaus, earrings, talismans, or caskets for Koranic verses, throughout
the Arabian Peninsula Oman’s artful silver jewellery was seen as gifts of lasting value that
men gave to their women. This is primarily due to the legendary Maria Teresa Thaler – a
coin that weighs 28 grams and contains 23 grams of fine silver (85%). Used throughout
Europe around 1780, the Thaler also made its way to Oman and was used as currency in the
coffee trade. The coins were mainly melted down or casted into jewellery, and some rare
finds in the souqs evidence that even today.
Creative home decor
The winding bazaars are the perfect treasure troves for Omani handicraft. Next to beakspouted jugs, oil lamps, frankincense burners, chests, or musical instruments one can
also find a multitude of woven colourful kerchiefs and rugs, beautiful pottery, plaited
palm frond matting and bags, or beguiling oriental fragrances like ambergris, myrrh, patchouli, and jasmine. The luxury perfume “Amouage” is a brilliant mixture of 120 natural
substances, including the crystal clear frankincense from Dhofar and burnet roses from
Jebel Akhar.
Traditional Khanjar
Although to Westerners its sharp blade and
potential to become a dangerous weapon may
seem a bit frightening, the Khanjar is nevertheless
an object of beauty and grace. The sheath is
made of pure silver, the hilt of ivory or horn, and
the traditional belt is embroidered in elaborate
detail work with delicate silver threads. The scimitar, worn by the Omanis on special occasions,
represents the skill and prominence of the local
handicraft even today. Especially in Nizwa, the
scimitar is still produced according to old traditions, which is why the city is famous for its sophisticated silversmithing.
Throughout the bazaars, modern and
inventive living accessories show the
creative revival of the traditional handicraft. Old fine silver necklaces are arranged as paned murals, carved wooden doors are transformed into rustic
tabletops, and richly decorated window frames become elegant mirrors.
Top: Silver jewellery as alluring souvenirs
Bottom: The art of basket-weaving
Fascinating Oman
Aromatic Souvenirs –
an Oriental Shopping Experience
Spices, frankincense, and per-
Well-being through frankincense
fume: When it comes to the
A shopping tour through the souqs of Mutrah, Nizwa, or Salalah will be an evocative experience for the senses and the soul due to the mixing of fragrances, spices, and perfumes in
the air. They can even be taken home! Frankincense burners will bring back the pleasant
scent of the Orient, after returning from the country of 1001 Nights. After all, the aroma of
Omani frankincense is purportedly of premium quality, due to its high ratio of essential oils.
Nevertheless, when buying this resin substance, which is called “Luban” in Arabic, it should
be noted: The lighter in colour the resin, the purer and of higher quality it is.
scents in the winding streets of
the bazaars, there is much of
the old Orient to experience −
and many aromatic memories
to take home.
Refinement though coffee spices
Arabic spices − above all curcuma, cumin, cardamom, saffron, or the tasty Omani mixture
of spices “Bizar” − are a perfect souvenir. There is always an Oriental atmosphere at home
when using the Arabic coffee spice. This mixture of cloves and bourbon vanilla (among
other flavours) not only adds an interesting flavour to coffee, cappuccino, white coffee, or
espresso; it also compliments cocoa, chocolate mousse, or tiramisu. The typical delicacies
of the country go along perfectly like the sweet Halwa or the export hit of the sultanate −
dates that are sold on every corner of the souqs. Altogether, there are more than 160 species of high-energy and vitamin-packed dates in Oman.
The world’s most luxurious perfume
Top: Flacon with expensive contents
Right side, top: A decorative frankincense burner
Right side, bottom: Frankincense in its different qualities
52 | Shopping
The alluring and enticing perfume shops at Omani bazaars attract everyone by offering
scented oils like rosewater, musk, or ambergris. Often it is even possible to composed
self-made mixtures by intuition. Furthermore, it is even more interesting to watch the
production of “Amouage” (the Arab word for “wave”). Commissioned by Sultan Quaboos
bin Said Al Said as a new creation and bottled in Muscat’s district Rusayl, “Amouage” was
presented to the public three decades ago and is still considered to be the most decadent
perfume of the world. The distillate is poured manually in golden, silver and leaded crystal
flacons studded with semi-precious stones. Its 120 sumptuous ingredients − among others
frankincense, myrrh, rosewater, cedar, and patchouli − are derived from all parts of the
country. Praised as the “liquid treasure of the sultanate”, “gift of the kings”, or “Chanel of
the Orient”, the fragrance is produced today in various sizes and variations (50 millilitres
cost between 150 to 400 Euro), including exclusive body lotions, shower gels, and perfumed candles.
Shopping includes haggling
Kerchiefs and traditional silver jewellery are similar authentic souvenirs from Oman, as
are enticing treasures like the artfully decorated scimitars which should not be placed, no
matter how much they are worth, in the hand luggage. Some basic rules in business situations should also be noted: while haggling is culturally acceptable and even encouraged
in a bazaar, it is considered gauche and out of place in a modern souq.
The country’s largest and newest shopping mall, Markaz al Bahja, in the district of Seeb,
comes with an incredible variety of shops and restaurants, covering an area of 34,000
square metres. The other two appealing city centre malls, one at the airport and one in
the district of Qurum, combine diverse shopping experiences with amazing playgrounds,
making dreams come true.
Shopping | 53
Map of Oman
Oman Travel Facts
Getting there
There are several daily air connections to choose
from when flying to Oman from Northern Europe.
For instance, Scandinavian Airlines, Qatar Airways, and Emirates all offer flights to Muscat with
one connection in the United Arabic Emirates
(UAE), while Oman Air offers a nonstop flight
every day (except Tuesday) from Frankfurt and
four times a week from Munich (Mon, Wed, Fri,
Sun) with a flight time of six to seven hours. Travellers will arrive at the Muscat International Airport (MCT) in Seeb, around 25 kilometres west of
the capital. Entering the country from the UAE
via port or land is another possibility.
Embassy & Tourist Office
Embassy of the Sultanate of Oman
(when calling from Scandinavia)
Clayallee 82, 14195 Berlin
Tel.: +49 30 / 81 00 51 0, Fax: +49 30 / 81 05 51 99
Opening hours: Mon-Fri: 10 a.m.-2 p.m.
Ministry of Tourism
c/o Interface International GmbH
Karl-Marx-Allee 91A, 10243 Berlin
Tel.: +49 30 / 42 25 60 27, Fax: +49 30 / 42 25 62 86
www.oman.travel
54 | Map
www.omantourism.se
www.omantourism.dk
www.sultanatetoman.com
www.omaninsulttaanikunta.com
Shopping
Shops open from Saturday to Wednesday at 9
a.m., close at 1 p.m. and reopen from 4 p.m. to 7
p.m.; larger shopping malls are open until 8 p.m.
On Thursdays (and recently also often instead
on Saturdays) many shops close at midday and
on Fridays (Muslim Sunday) everything is closed
except the souqs. Credit cards are accepted in all
international hotels and banks, and cash cards
(Maestro) at every Oman National Bank cash machine (ATM). Cash can also be exchanged in the
souqs.
Electricity
220/240 VAC with UK 3 pin sockets (round pins).
Holidays
Oman‘s religious holidays are celebrated according to the Islamic calendar. Correspondingly,
the exact date in the Gregorian calendar changes
every year.
Important Holidays in 2013:
24 January
Mouloud
(Birth of the Prophet Muhammad)
5 June
Leilat al Meiraj
(Muhammad’s Night of the Journey and Ascension)
9 July
Beginning of the fasting month: Ramadan
23 July
Renaissance Day (First day of Sultan Qaboos’ reign)
8 August
Eid-al Fitr – End of Ramadan (Feast of Breaking the Fast)
15 October
Eid al-Adha (Feast of Sacrifice)
4 November
Muharram (Islamic New Year)
18 November National Day and the Birthday
of Sultan Qaboos
Travel Facts | 55
Oman Travel Facts
Transportation
Car rentals: All larger car rentals and several national companies provide vehicles: There is a minimum
age requirement between 21–25 years for drivers;
an international driver’s license is helpful, but nowadays often not necessary. Thanks to the right-hand
traffic and the signage in both Arabic and English,
driving is not that complicated. One litre of petrol/
diesel is anywhere from 0,30 € to 0,50 €.
Buses: Fully air-conditioned and comfortable buses
are operated by the Oman National Transport Company across the country (www.ontcoman.com).
Air transportation: Within the country, the national airline Oman Air (www.omanair.com) services
Khasab and Salalah from Muscat on a regular basis.
Ferries: The National Ferry Company (www.nfc.om)
uses high-speed ferries two times a week between Muscat and Khasab/Musandam (time
of travel is about six hours) and recently also
between Shinas (in the north of Al Batinah) and
Khasab/Musandam.
Health
Currently, there are no special vaccinations required for Oman. As for all long-distance travels,
it is recommended to have vaccinations against
tetanus, diphtheria, polio, hepatitis a, and as the
case may be, also typhoid. Please contact your
GP or tropical institutes for further information.
Because of the strong sun radiation, it is advisable to cover one’s head and use sunscreen with
a high sun protection factor. To avoid infectious
diseases, it is best to drink solely boiled water,
to buy only bottled water, and to use mosquito
repellent. The health system corresponds to Western standards; nevertheless, rural regions are
less developed. It is recommended to have international health insurance coverage with return
transportation provision.
Clothing
Thin summer clothes are sufficient during any time
of the year. For colder days in winter or evenings
in the desert, a light sweat shirt should be brought
along. Clothes should be chosen according to the
country’s customs, which means that the shoulders,
the upper arms, and the knees are to be covered. At
the beach, men should wear Bermuda shorts and
women should wear one-piece swimsuits.
Climate
The best time to travel to Oman is from September to the beginning of April. The coastal areas of
Oman’s north and east have a subtropical climate
with hot and very humid summers. With daytime
temperatures of around 25°C, the weather is
more pleasant than in the summer but there
are also more rainy days. By contrast, Central
Oman is very hot and very dry, with temperatures reaching more than 40°C year round. During
monsoon season, usually occurring from July to
September, the southern province of Dhofar is
subject to a longer period of rainfall with daytime
temperatures of around 25°C, which indicates
the weather is colder than in Oman‘s north. In
October, the weather in Dhofar becomes dry
again with temperatures reaching up to 30°C.
Additional Expenses
Estimated prices in a restaurant or bar:
Three-course menu
10,00 €
Cup of coffee 2,50 €
Glass of beer
3,00 €
Estimated prices in a supermarket:
Soft drink (1L)
0,40–0,60 €
Mineral water (1L)
0,30–0,60 €
Table wine (0,75L)
8,00 €
Pack of cigarettes (20 cig.)
5,00€
Other costs:
Taxi (Muscat, per km)
0,50 €
Bus ticket
0,50 €
Internet-Café (30min)
ca. 1,00 €
56 | Travel Facts
Ramadan
The Muslim fasting month, Ramadan, lasts four
weeks. The exact starting time of the Ramadan is
announced on short notice after the sighting of the
crescent moon the evening before.
During the fasting period it is forbidden to eat,
drink, or to smoke in public from sunrise to sunset.
Also, for non-Muslims, drinking alcohol in public
is strictly forbidden. Alcohol might be provided in
some minibars in hotel rooms or served in selected
hotel restaurants after sunset. Restaurants in bigger hotels and many grocery stores are opend at
daytime for non-Muslim customers.
Religion
The majority of the Omanis are Ibadi Muslims.
Ibadis tend to be more moderate than Muslims
in the neighbouring countries, such as Yemen
and Saudi-Arabia. Ibadis usually do not misuse their religion as a motive for conflict or war
and are considered particularly tolerant, which
is manifested in their democratic structures as
well as their liberal attitudes.
Tour Operators
A detailed list of tour operators can be found on
the multilingual webpage: www.oman.travel.
Safety
Oman is in generally a very safe country. Crime
against foreigners is almost unheard of. Caution
is only advised in the border region to Yemen.
Language
The national language is Arabic, although English
is widely spoken throughout the country. Other
common languages are Hindi and Swahili.
Telephone & Internet
Public telephones can be used with prepaid cards
with a certain amount of credit. Besides of Omantel (fixed-line network), two other mobile phone
providers can be found at the service desk in the
arrivals hall of the airport. Prepaid cards are relatively inexpensive and enable users to make
cheap phone calls to European countries and
receive calls at areasonable rate. Meanwhile, internet cafés can even be found in smaller towns.
Furthermore, free wi-fi hotspots are available in
many locations.
Tips
In restaurants and hotels, a service fee of 15–20%
is generally included. Therefore, the Omani
staff usually does not expect an additional tip.
Nevertheless, tips can be given as recognition
for good service and will be accepted. Essentially, it is advised to handle this matter with
some reservation.
Behaviour in Public
Generally, it is recommended to be considerate of
the prevalent cultural and religious customs (see
also page 11, Travel Etiquette). Consuming alcoholic beverages in public is prohibited; nevertheless,
alcohol is served in hotel restaurants, hotel bars,
as well as in private clubs.
Outside larger cities, tourists are rather hard to
find. Hence, the local population is not used to
tourists. Modesty and reserved behaviour is advisable and it is prudent to wear rather conservative clothing – despite the fact that women only
ought to wear headscarves inside of mosques.
When entering a house or a mosque, shoes have
to be taken off.
Particular sensitiveness is advised when taking
pictures. Photos of people should only be taken
with their permission. Photos of praying people,
soldiers, policemen, and official buildings – such
as police, military, and border departments, as
well as oil facilities – should by no means be
taken. Mosques and sacred sites are usually
allowed to be photographed from the outside.
(currency rates as of November 2012). One Omani Rial is subdivided into 1000 Baiza; there are
banknotes and coins. The Omani Rial is accepted
through­out the country, US-Dollar and Euro only
on rare occasions.
Visa
European citizens need a visa to enter Oman (up
to 10 days for five OMR and up to 30 days for 20
OMR). The visa can be obtained at the Muscat
airport and at every border crossing. It is valid
for a maximum of 30 days (for a single entry).
A valid passport for adults and children (with a
minimum 6 month validity) is necessary. There is
also a joint tourist arrangement with the Emirates of Dubai and Qatar. Tourists arriving from the
Emirate of Dubai or from Qatar to Oman bearing
a tourist entrance visa or a stamp from either
country are not required to obtain an additional
visa. However, this agreement is not valid for the
other United Arabian Emirates. More information
can be obtained through the respective embassy.
Time zone difference
Oman is 3 hours ahead of the Central European
Time (CET) and two hours ahead of the Central
European Summer Time (CEST).
Currency
The currency in Oman is the Omani Rial (denoted
by OMR) and is pegged on the US dollar.
1 OMR equals 2.00 €; 1,00 € = 0.49607 OMR
Customs
Objects of personal supply can be imported free
of duty. It is prohibited to import fresh food, pork
products, more than one alcoholic beverage bottle,
as well as magazines with sexual content, pornography, and weapons. The possession and import
of (illegal) drugs will lead to criminal proceedings.
When pharmaceuticals, antidepressants, or any
other antipsychotic drug is brought along, it has
to be accompanied by a written, bilingual medical attest, as antipsychotic drugs are often seen as
illegal in Oman. No antiques, goods of historical
value, or fossils or corals can be exported.
Travel Facts | 57
Websites
Masthead
Category
URL
Content
Language
Public Authorities
www.omantourism.gov.om
Ministry of Tourism, Oman
English
www.oman.travel
Ministry of Tourism, Oman
English, Swedish,
Danish, Finnish
www.omanet.om
Ministry for Information, Oman
English
um.dk/da/om-os/ministeriet/find-os/asien/oman
Royal Danish Consulate in Oman
Danish
formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=16201&culture
=fi-FI&contentlan=1
Honorary Consulate of Finland in Oman
Finnish
www.al-norwige.org.sa/Embassy/embassy
Royal Norwegian Consulate General in Oman
English
www.swedenabroad.com/sv-SE/Ambassader/Riyadh/Kontakt/
Ambassaden--konsulat/#Muscat,Oman
Honorary Consulate of Sweden in Oman
Swedish
Health
www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-bycountry/middle-east-north-africa/oman#health
Foreign & Commonwealth Office, UK
English
www.moh.gov.om
Ministry of Health, Oman
English
Media
www.omantribune.com
Newsmagazine
English
www.timesofoman.com
Oldest Omani newspaper in English
English
www.omanobserver.com
Largest Omani newspaper in English
English
www.oeronline.com
Oman Economic Review
English
www.theweek.co.om
Weekly Omani newspaper
English
www.omannews.gov.om
Oman News Agency
English
www.oman-tv.gov.om
Oman tv & radio, livestream
English
www.aljazeera.com/category/country/oman
Al Jazeera English website about Oman
English
www.cbo-oman.org
Central Bank of Oman
English
www.oanda.com
Currency Converter
English
Culture/Society
www.oman.org
Oman Studies Centre
English
www.octm-folk.gov.om
Oman Centre for Traditional Music
English
Education
www.squ.edu.com
Sultan Qaboos’ University
English
General Information
www.destinationoman.com
Tourist website
English
www.weather.com
Weather
English
www.omanicuisine.com
Recipes and restaurant recommendations
English
Airline
Address
Information/Reservation
URL
Emirates
The World Marketing Trommesalen 5,
DK-1614 Copenhagen, Denmark
+46 8 5025 2111
www.emirates.com
Etihad
Lufthansa / SAS Ticket counter Arlanda, Terminal 5,
19045 Stockholm
+46 8 5000 1301
www.etihadairways.com
Gulf Air
Terminal 2, Arlanda Airport, 19045 Stockholm
+45 88306630
www.gulfair.com
Lufthansa
-
+46 770 111 010
www.lufthansa.com
KLM
-
+46 858 799 757
www.klm.com
Kuwait Airways
Stockholm Town Office, Hamngatan 13 2nd floor,
SE-11147 Stockholm, Sweden
+1 800 621-2175
www.kuwait-airways.com
Oman Air
Menzies Aviation
+968-24531111
www.omanair.com
Qatar Airways
Arlanda International Airport
+46 08 402 00 80
www.qatarairways.com
Swiss
Terminal 5, 19045 Arlanda, Sweden
+46 8 58 77 04 45
www.swiss.com
Turkish Airlines
Terminal 5, departure hall, Arlanda Airport; PO box 172,
19046 Arlanda, Sweden
+90 212 444 08 49
www.turkishairlines.com
Money
Airlines
Travel Literature
A Rough Guide to Oman____Gavin Thomas, Rough Guides, 2011, 344 pages, 15,95 €
Oman UAE & the Arabian Peninsula____ Jenny Walker; Stuart Butler; Andrea Schulte-Peevers, and Iain Shearer, Lonely Planet; third edition 2010, 596 pages, 20,95 €
Oman - Culture Smart!: the essential guide to customs & culture____Simone Nowell, Kuperard, 2009, 168 pages, 8,99 €
Oman____Diane Dark, Bradt Travel Guides, second edition 2010, 288 pages, 20,99 €
Oman: Jewel of the Arabian Gulf____George Popp, Airphoto International Ltd., 2010, 416 pages, 22,99 €
Oman & United Arab Emirates 1:1,400,000____International Travel Maps and Books, second edition 2007, 1 map, 10,99 €
Oman____Thomas Cook Publishing, third edition 2011, 176 pages, 12,99 €
Oman____Donald Hawley Stacey Intl, sixth edition 2005, 256 pages, 45,99 €
Oman Explorer: The Complete Residents Guide____Explorer Pub, fourth edition 2008, 430 pages, 17,90 €
Insight Guides: Oman & The UAE____Dorothy Stannard, Insight Guides, 2009, 328 pages, 22,99 €
Oman trekking____Explorer Publishing, 2005, 30 pages, 18,00 €
The Heritage of Oman: A Celebration in Photographs____Peter Vine, Immel Publishing, 2008, 232 pages, 42,99 €
Oman: Under Arabian Skies____Rory Patrick Allen, 2010, 211 pages, Kindle edition 4,06 €
58 | Websites/Airlines/Travel Literature
Publisher:
Sultanate of Oman, Ministry of Tourism
c/o Interface International GmbH
Karl-Marx-Allee 91A, 10243 Berlin
E-mail: scandinavia@oman.travel
E-mail: finland@oman.travel
Concept:
Geomedia, Mohriner Allee 7o, 12347 Berlin,
Tel: +49 30/79 41 02 31, Fax: +49 30/79 41 02 32
E-mail: s.kraft@geomedia-consulting.com
Editor:
Stefan Kraft, Jędrzej Marzęcki
Texts:
Volker Klinkmüller
Copy-editing:
Heike Cossmann
Graphic design:
Skadi Danneberg, Stefanie Weyer, Marek Grund,
Grafenstein Freizeit- und Tourismuswerbung GmbH,
www.grafenstein.net
Project coordination:
Jędrzej Marzęcki
Photo credits:
©Ministry of Tourism, Sultanate of Oman:
title: p. 3, p. 4, p. 5, p. 6, p. 7, p. 8, p. 9, p. 11 bottom,
p. 12, p. 14, p. 15, p. 16 top, p. 17 top, p. 18, p. 19,
p. 20, p. 21 top, p. 22, p. 23, p. 24, p. 25, p. 26, p. 28
top, p. 29, p. 30, p. 32, p. 33, p. 34, p. 36, p. 37, p. 38
left and right side top, p. 39, p. 40, p. 41, p. 42, p. 43,
p. 44, p. 45, p. 46, p. 47 bottom, p. 48, p. 49, p. 50, p. 51,
p. 52, p. 53 bottom, p. 55, p. 56, p. 57
©Embassy of the Sultanate of Oman: p. 13
©Royal Opera House: p. 35 top and bottom
©Volker Klinkmüller: p. 2
©Shangri La: p. 16 bottom
©Al Bustan: p. 17 bottom
Shutterstock:
p. 38 right side, top: ©Martin Preston,
p. 47 top: ©Karinkamon, p. 53 top: ©Elena Moiseeva
Dreamstime:
p. 11 top: ©Cenk Unver
Fotolia:
p. 21 bottom: ©Maroš Markovič,
p. 28 bottom: ©Andreas Wolf
iStock:
p. 59: ©Vesna Galesev
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illegal and punishable. All information provided is without warranty
and non-binding. The publisher and
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errors or changes in price.
Sultanate of Oman, Ministry of Tourism
c/o Interface International GmbH
Karl-Marx-Allee 91A
10243 Berlin, Deutschland
Tel.: +49 30 / 42 25 60 27
Fax: +49 30 / 42 25 62 86
E-Mail: scandinavia@oman.travel
E-Mail: finland@oman.travel
www.oman.travel
www.omantourism.gov.om