¿Qué es un anfibio?

Editors:
Brian A. Jerome Ph.D.
Stephanie Zak Jerome
¿Qué es un
anfibio?
Assistant Editors:
Lyndsey Tomasi
Louise Marrier
Marta Manrique-Gomez
Graphics:
Fred Thodal
Guí del profesor
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duplicate, in whole or in part, this teacher’s guide and the black line master handouts
for the purpose of teaching in conjunction with this video, What is an Amphibian?.
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ISBN 1-59234-681-3
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A Message from our Company
2
Viewing Clearances
2
Use and Copyright
2
Student Learning Objectives
4
Assessment
4
Introducing the Program
5
Key Vocabulary
5
Program Viewing Suggestions
5
Video Script
6
Literature Connections
8
Answer Key to Student Assessments
9
Answer Key to Student Activities
9
What Do You Know Now?
10
What Have You Learned?
11
Video Review
12
Video Quiz
12
Word Find
13
Salamanders vs. Frogs
14
Metamorphosis
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Student Learning Objectives
Upon viewing the video and completing the enclosed student activities,
students will be able to do the following:
• Understand that amphibians such as frogs have the ability to live on land and swim in the water.
• Explain that camouflage is the ability of an animal to blend in with its surroundings. This often prevents dangerous predators from seeing them.
• Differentiate between a frog, toad and salamander.
• Explain that amphibians possess the following characteristics: backbone, cold-blooded, ability to breathe through moist skin, a life that begins when eggs hatch in water, ability to go through metamorphosis and then live on land later in life.
• Define metamorphosis as the process of an animal changing form during its life.
• State that most amphibians spend the first part of their lives in water and have the ability to live on land later in life.
• Describe the main stages in the metamorphosis of a frog.
Assessment
What Do You Know Now? (p. 10):
This preliminary assessment is an assessment tool designed to gain an
understanding of students’ preexisting knowledge. It can also be used as a
benchmark upon which to assess student progress based on the objectives
stated on the previous pages.
What Have You Learned? (p. 11):
This post assessment can be utilized as an assessment tool following
student completion of the program and student activities. The results of
this assessment can be compared against the results of the preliminary
assessment to assess student progress.
Video Review (p. 12):
The Video Review can be used as an assessment tool or as a student
activity. There are two sections. The first part contains questions displayed
during the program. The second part consists of a five-question video quiz
to be answered at the end of the video.
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Introducing the Program
Before having your students view the video obtain an image of a tadpole and
show it to your students. Ask them what this animal is commonly called. Write
the word “tadpole” on the board. Then ask students what type of vertebrate
animal it is. In other words is it a fish, amphibian, reptile, bird, insect, or
mammal? Surprisingly, tell them it is not a fish but an amphibian. Write the
term “amphibian” on the board.
Next, show students an image of an adult frog. Explain to students that the
adult frog was once a tadpole. Explain that most amphibians begin the early
part of their lives in water, but then go through physical changes that enable
them to live on land. Metamorphosis is the process by which animals go
through physical changes as they grow older. Write the term “metamorphosis”
on the board. Tell students to pay close attention to the video to learn more
about the process of metamorphosis and amphibians.
Key Vocabulary
Amphibian
Backbone
Camouflage
Gills
Metamorphosis
Tadpole
Cold-blooded
Frog
Toad
Salamander
Program Viewing Suggestions
The student master “Video Review” is provided (p. 12) for distribution to
students. You may choose to have your students complete this Master while
viewing the program or do so upon its conclusion.
The program is approximately 10 to 12 minutes in length and includes a
five-question video quiz. Answers are not provided to the Video Quiz in the
video, but are included in this guide on page 9. You may choose to grade
student quizzes as an assessment tool or to review the answers in class.
The video is content-rich with numerous vocabulary words. For this reason
you may want to periodically stop the video to review and discuss new
terminology and concepts.
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Video Script
1. If you’ve ever been startled by a frog jumping into a pond,
2. ... seen a bright orange newt while walking in the woods,
3. ...or seen a toad hopping in the garden, then you’ve had first hand experience with a group of animals called amphibians.
4. What exactly are amphibians?
5. What do they look like?
6. What are some of the different types of amphibians?
7. How do they change throughout their lives?
8. And what makes an amphibian an amphibian?
9. During the next few minutes we’re going to answer these questions as we explore the fascinating features of amphibians.
10. Graphic Transition – Amphibians Around Us
11. If you’ve ever walked along the edge of a wetland, a stream, or a pond you may have seen animals like these called frogs.
12. Frogs are examples of amphibians. They have the ability to live on land,
13. ...and they can swim in the water.
14. Brown colored toads, which are also amphibians, look similar to frogs but they live mostly on land.
15. Toads have drier, bumpy skin.
16. Notice how well this toad blends in with its surroundings.
17. Camouflage is the ability of an animal to blend in with its surroundings. This often prevents dangerous predators from seeing them.
18. In the moist tropics there are thousands of different kinds of frogs and toads.
19. Some even have poisonous skin. In some cultures people rub arrow tips on the poisonous skin. These arrow tips are used to paralyze prey when hunting.
20. This amphibian is a salamander.
21. You Observe! Describe the body of this salamander.
22. This salamander has a long, slender body with a tail.
23. Some salamanders live most of their lives in water,
24. ...while others such as this colorful, adult newt live mostly on land.
25. Graphic Transition – What are Amphibians?
26. What makes an amphibian an amphibian?
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Video Script
27. First, amphibians are animals that have backbones. Their backbone consists of many smaller connected bones that contain nerves that control movement and other body activities.
28. Amphibians are also cold-blooded, but their blood isn’t really cold all the time. Their blood temperature goes go up and down with the surrounding temperature.
29. This is why amphibians that live in cold climates must hibernate in winter.
30. You Observe! Describe the skin of this frog.
31. The skin of this frog is smooth and moist.
32. Most amphibians have the ability to breathe through their smooth, moist, thin skin.
33. Another amazing characteristic of amphibians is that they live part of their
life in the water…
34. … and part of their life on land.
35. In order to do this amazing thing their bodies change form.
36. Graphic Transition – Metamorphosis in Amphibians
37. Have you ever seen an animal like this swimming in a pond?
38. Believe it or not, it’s not a fish but an amphibian.
39. It’s the larval form of a frog commonly called a tadpole.
40. Most amphibians go through dramatic changes in form throughout their lives.
41. In fact, the word “amphibian” means double life.
42. You Decide! Where do amphibians begin their lives?
43. Amphibians spend the first part of their lives in water. They often spend the second part of their lives on land.
44. As amphibians grow older they go through metamorphosis. Metamorphosis is the process of an animal changing its form as it gets older.
45. The life of amphibians begins with eggs developing in water.
46. From each egg emerges a legless tadpole.
47. To breathe in water tadpoles have special structures called gills.
48. As the tadpole matures it forms legs, and the tail begins to disappear.
49. Eventually sac-like lungs start to develop inside the tadpole, and gills begin to disappear.
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Video Script
50. When the legs and lungs are fully developed the frog can live on land.
51. Graphic Transition – Video Review
52. During the past few minutes we’ve explored some of the interesting features of amphibians.
53. We began by investigating some of the different kinds of amphibians.
54. Then we discussed some basic characteristics common to amphibians, answering the question – what makes an amphibian an amphibian.
55. Last, we explored the fascinating process of metamorphosis by looking at a common amphibian, a frog,…
56. …rounding out our discussion of the fascinating features of amphibians.
57. Graphic Transition – Video Quiz
58. Fill in the correct word to complete the sentence.
1. This is an amphibian called a ______.
2. Most amphibians can breathe through their thin ______.
3. Most amphibians begin their lives in _______.
4. This is an amphibian called a ______.
5. _________ is the process of an animal changing form as it grows older.
Literature Connections
Pfeffer, Wendy. From Tadpole to Frog. New York: Collins, 1994.
Sill, Cathryn P. About Amphibians: A Guide for Children. New York:
Peachtree Publishers, 2004.
Anderson, Judith. Once There Was a Tadpole. New York: Barron’s
Educational Series, 2010.
Himmelman, John. A Salamander’s Life. Connecticut: Children’s
Press, 1998.
Lamstein, Sarah Marwil. Big Night for Salamanders. New York: Boyds
Mills Press, 2010.
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Clave de respuestas a las preguntas de
evaluación de los estudiantes
¿Qué sabes ahora? (pág. 10)
¿Qué has aprendido? (pág. 11)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
agua
camuflaje
salamandras
sangre fría
piel
patas
metamorfosis
renacuajo
respira debajo del agua
pulmones
Revisión del video (pág. 12)
piel
respira debajo del agua
patas
camuflaje
pulmones
sangre fría
agua
metamorfosis
renacuajo
salamandras
Mini-prueba del video (pág. 12)
1. Esta salamandra tiene un cuerpo largo y 1. salamandra
resbaladizo con un rabo.
2. piel
2. La piel de esta rana es suave y húmeda.
3. agua
3. Los anfibios pasan la primera parte de sus 4. sapo
vidas en el agua. Con frecuencia pasan la 5. metamorfosis
segunda parte de sus vidas sobre la tierra.
Clave de respuestas a las actividades del estudiante
Sopa de letras (pág. 13)
Metamorfosis (pág. 15)
Los huevos son pequeñas
estructuras redondas, que
frecuencia tienen una pequeña
mancha en el centro.
El renacuajo con patas debería
ser similar al renacuajo en estado
de larva, pero tiene dos pequeñas
patas justo antes de la base de la
cola.
Las salamandras versus las ranas (pág. 14)
1. Las salamandras y las ranas comienzan sus vidas en el agua. Según crecen atraviesan por un proceso llamado metamorfosis. Cuando llegan a ser adultos tienen pulmones y pueden vivir sobre la tierra. Ambas son vertebradas y son de sangre fría.
2. A diferencia de las ranas, las salamandras tienen cuerpos largos y delgados. Las salamandras también tienen colas. Las ranas solamente tienen colas durante su desarrollo temprano. Cuando llegan a ser adultos, las ranas tienen patas muy fuertes que les permiten saltar.
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¿Qué sabes ahora?
Nombre:
Marca el círculo al lado de la respuesta correcta.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
La mayoría de los anfibios pasa
la primera parte de sus vidas
dentro del:
aire
agua
hierba
árboles
La capacidad que tiene un
animal de mezclarse con sus
alrededores se llama:
camuflaje
escondite
adaptación
hibernación
6. Una rana adulta tiene la
capacidad de saltar con sus
potentes:
patas
aletas
branquias
cola
7. La mayoría de los anfibios
atraviesan por dramáticos
cambios en sus vidas a los que
se conoce como el proceso de:
cambio
metamorfosis
alteración
crecimiento
La forma larval de una rana es
comúnmente conocida como :
pez
reptil
huevo
renacuajo
Los anfibios con cuerpos largos
y resbaladizos y colas son las:
ranas
sapos
serpientes
salamandras
8.
Los anfibios tiene una columna
vertebral y son:
de sangre caliente
mamíferos
de sangre fría
invertebrados
9. ¿Cuál es la función de las
La mayoría de los anfibios
adultos tienen la capacidad de
respirar a través de su delgada
y húmeda:
piel
branquias
nariz
pulmones
10. Los anfibios adultos pueden
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branquias en el renacuajo?
respirar debajo del agua
respirar sobre la tierra
digerir la comida
pampear la sangre
respirar a través de su piel o
con unas estructuras con
forma de saco llamadas:
branquias
estómagos
pulmones
narices
¿Qué es un anfibio?
10
¿Qué has aprendido?
Nombre:
Marca el círculo al lado de la respuesta correcta.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
La mayoría de los anfibios
adultos tienen la capacidad de
respirar a través de su delgada y
húmeda:
piel
branquias
nariz
pulmones
¿Cuál es la función de las
branquias en el renacuajo?
respirar debajo del agua
respirar sobre la tierra
digerir la comida
pampear la sangre
Una rana adulta tiene la
capacidad de saltar con sus
potentes:
patas
aletas
branquias
cola
La capacidad que tiene un
animal de mezclarse con sus
alrededores se llama:
camuflaje
escondite
adaptación
hibernación
Los anfibios adultos pueden
respirar a través de su piel o
con unas estructuras con
forma de saco llamadas:
branquias
estómagos
pulmones
narices
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6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Los anfibios tiene una columna
vertebral y son:
de sangre caliente
mamíferos
de sangre fría
invertebrados
La mayoría de los anfibios pasa la
primera parte de sus vidas dentro
del:
aire
agua
hierba
árboles
La mayoría de los anfibios
atraviesan por dramáticos
cambios en sus vidas a los que
se conoce como el proceso de:
cambio
metamorfosis
alteración
crecimiento
La forma larval de una rana es
comúnmente conocida como :
pez
reptil
huevo
renacuajo
Los anfibios con cuerpos largos y
resbaladizos y colas son las:
ranas
sapos
serpientes
salamandras
¿Qué es un anfibio?
11
Revisión del video
Nombre:
Mira el video y responde a la siguientes preguntas.
observa.
1. Tú
Describe el cuerpo de esta salamandra.
Tú observa.
2. Describe
la piel de esta rana.
3.
Tú decide.
¿Dónde comienzan su vida los anfibios?
Mini-prueba del video
Escribe la palabra correcta para completar la oración.
1. Este es un anfibio llamado _______________.
2. Muchos anfibios pueden resprar a través de su delgada _______________.
3. Muchos anfibios comienzan sus vidas en _______________.
4. Este es anfibio llamado _______________.
es el proceso en el que un animal cambia de forma con5. _______________
forme envejece.
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¿Qué es un anfibio?
12
Sopa de letras
Nombre:
Encuentra las siguientes palabras de vocabulario en el puzle de abajo:
ANIFIBIO
CAMUFLAGE
METAMORFOSIS
RENACUAJO
RANA
SAPO
BRANQUIAS
SALAMANDRA
Sheet1
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Q
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B
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F
I
B
I
O M
R
Escribe tres oraciones sobre los anfibios usando el vocabulario
de la lista de arriba en el espacio provisto más abajo.
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¿Qué es un anfibio?
13
Salamandras
versus ranas
Nombre:
Responde a las siguientes preguntas sobre las ranas y las
salamandras con oraciones completas.
1. Escribe tres oraciones para describir las similitudes entre la salamandra y la rana.
2. Escribe tres oraciones para describir las diferencias entre la rana y la salamandra.
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¿Qué es un anfibio?
14
La metamorfosis
Nombre:
La mayoría de los anfibios atraviesan por grandes cambios en su
forma a lo largo de sus vidas. De hecho, la palabra “anfibio” significa
doble vida. Los anfibios pasan la primera parte de sus vidas dentro
del agua. Con frecuencia pasan la segunda parte de sus vidas
sobre la tierra. El crecimiento de los anfibios va acompañado del
proceso de la metamorfosis. La metamorfosis es el proceso por el
que un animal cambia su forma y envejece. La vida de los anfibios
comienza con los huevos que se desarrollan dentro del agua. De
cada huevo sale un renacuajo sin patas. Para respirar dentro del
agua los renacuajos tiene unas estructuras especiales llamadas
branquias. A medida que el renacuajo madura va formando patas
y el rabo comienza a desaparecer. Eventualmente comienzan
a desarrollarse dentro de él pulmones en forma de saco y las
branquias comienzan a desaparecer. A partir de ese momento,
puede vivir sobre la tierra.
Debajo hay imágenes de dos de las etapas por las que atraviesan
las ranas en la metamorfosis. Dibuja las dos etapas que faltan.
Renacuajo con patas
Renacuajo
Rana adulta
Huevos
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¿Qué es un anfibio?
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