Discovering Forensic Science Through Inquiry Based Instruction

TTeaching Forensic Science as a hi F
i S i
Career and Technical Education Fourth Year Science Course
Presented by y
Linda Gutierrez
Why Study
Why Study Forensic Science
Why Study Forensic Science?
Forensic Science
Science??
• Forensic science is one of
the fastest growing fields in
th country
the
t and
d is
i a vital
it l partt
of the criminal justice
system.
Career Clusters that Forensic Science can fall under:
f ll d
• Law, Public Safety, Corrections, and Security
• Health Science
• Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
Who makes a good forensic science student?
Students who Students who are are thi k
thinkers, good d
with details, good with putting pieces of a puzzle p
p
together, and naturally curious.
naturally curious.
The scientific method is applied by students for every piece of evidence t d t f
i
f id
taken for analysis.
y
1. Observation
1
2. Inductive reasoning g (educated guess)
3. Hypothesis
4. Deductive reasoning (forming a conclusion after gaining knowledge)
5. Theory
Teacher Responsibilities To Students:
Teacher Responsibilities To Students:
To establish ethical values that guide individual decision making.
1.Trustworthiness
1
Trustworthiness
2.Respect
3.Responsibility
bl
4.Fairness
5.Caring
6.Citizenship
p
Forensic Science Teachers Must:
Forensic Science Teachers Must:
• Have
Have a strong science background.
a strong science background
• Be creative and resourceful.
• Provide opportunities for students to Provide opportunities for students to
use their skills and knowledge in real‐
life situations.
• Have connections to outside entities that could assist with the course.
• Explore career options available in forensics.
Forensic Science is Multidisciplinary
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Chemistry
Biology
Firearms
Document examinations
Photography
Toxicology and drug gy
g
analysis
Fingerprints
Polygraphy
Pathology
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Anthropology
Psychiatry
Odontology
Engineering
Computer technology
Geology
Environmental science
Entomology
Ph i
Physics
Biology Concepts
gy
p
•
•
•
•
•
•
Soil & Plants
Animals
Hair & Fibers
Anatomy
DNA
Body Fluids
Chemistry Concepts
Chemistry Concepts
Drugs & Poisons
Drugs
& Poisons
Paint Samples
I k
Ink
Substance Composition
• Reagents (Fingerprints, Reagents (Fingerprints,
identification of unknown substances)
unknown substances)
•
•
•
•
Physics Concepts
Physics Concepts
•
•
•
•
•
•
Tool marks
B lli ti
Ballistics
Blood Spatter
p
Blast Patterns
A
Automobile Accidents
bil A id
Impacts
p
Psychology Concepts
Psychology Concepts
•
•
•
•
•
Profiling
Human Nature
Sociology
Questioning
Statistical Analysis
Law Concepts
Law Concepts
•
•
•
•
•
Judicial System
Gun Laws
Gun Laws
Juries
Search and Seizures
Child Protection
Child Protection
Careers Related to Forensic Science
Careers Related to Forensic Science
9 Forensic Scientists
9 Criminologists
9 Crime Scene
In estigators
Investigators
9 Coroners
9 Medical Examiners
9 Prosecutors
9 Wildlife Forensics
9Crime Scene Investigation
g
9Forensic Photography
9Forensic Anthropology
9Forensic Comp
Computer
ter Science
9Forensic Engineering
9Forensic Entomology
gy
9Forensic Pathology
9Forensic Psychology
9Forensic Psychiatry
UNT in partnership with TEA, Copyright ©. All rights reserved.
Employment Opportunities
p y
pp
9 Federal Bureau of Investigation
g
(FBI)
(
)
9 Federal, State, and Local Crime Laboratories
9 Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
9 Bureau of Alcohol,
l h l Tobacco,
b
Firearms,
i
andd
Explosives (ATF)
9 U.S.
U S Postal Service (USPS)
9 U.S. Secret Service
9 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
9 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Services
9 Teaching at community colleges and universities.
UNT in partnership with TEA, Copyright ©. All rights reserved.
15
Example of Lesson Focusing on a Career
p
g
Activity –
Activity –
M ki
Making a Cast of Your C t fY
Finger Using a Dental Kit
g
g
Part A: Part A: Making the Mold
1. Measure 12g of Alginate powder and place into plastic cup.
2 Add 32ml
2.
Add 32 l of water to alginate and f t t l i t
d stir quickly
ti
i kl . You only have 30 seconds to work.
3 Insert
3.
Insert finger into gelled mixture immediately finger into gelled mixture immediately
after stirring. Do not touch sides or bottom of cup.
4. After 2 minutes, gently pull finger out.
Part B: Making
Part B: Making the Finger Cast
Part B: Making the Finger Cast
the Finger Cast
1 Pour
1.
Pour entire contents of bag containing entire contents of bag containing
dental casting stone into empty cup.
2 Add 22 ml of water to dental casting 2.
Add 22 ml of water to dental casting
stone and stir quickly and thoroughly.
3 Pour plaster mixture into mold. Tap a 3.
Pour plaster mixture into mold Tap a
few times to remove air bubbles.
4 Wait at least 1 hour to remove your 4.
W it t l t 1 h
t
finger casting.
Forensic Odontology
(forensic dentistry)
By: Linda Gutierrez
Forensic Science TEKS Objectives
15 E ‐ explain the role of dental records in
dental records in identification of remains
15 F ‐ describe the role of dental matching in forensic science
Forensic Dentistry in History
Forensic Dentistry in History
•
One of the earliest known examples of forensic dentistry involved Agrippina, the mother of Roman emperor Nero. In 49 B.C., Agrippina ordered the death of d d h d h f
her rival Lollia Paulina, who was in competition with her to be the wife of Emperor Claudius
wife of Emperor Claudius. Agrippina demanded to see Lollia Paulina's head as proof of her death but she wasn'tt sure that death, but she wasn
sure that
her rival was dead until she noticed Lollia Paulina's distinctive discolored front teeth. •
Another famous foray into forensic dentistry was that of Paul Revere, who in addition to being a blacksmith was also a dentist. He helped identify Revolutionary h l d d
f
l
War dead who had been buried on the battlefield by their teeth and dental work Revere was able
and dental work. Revere was able to identify Dr. Joseph Warren, the man who sent him on his famous ride because he had made him a
ride, because he had made him a partial out of silver wire and pieces of hippo tusk. Description::
Description
Forensic odontology is a branch of Forensic odontology
forensic medicine and in the interests of
forensic medicine and, in the interests of justice, deals with the proper examination handling and presentation
examination, handling and presentation of dental evidence in a court of law.
Requirements::
Requirements
• It relies on the detailed knowledge of the teeth and j
jaws possessed by a dentist.
p
y
• This skill incorporates an education in dental anatomy, radiographs and their interpretation, y,
g p
p
,
pathology, dental materials, developmental anomalies and a thorough familiarity with the many methods of charting and abbreviations in dental treatment progress notes.
Dentition
•
•
•
•
32 teeth
4 tooth types–Incisors–Canines–Premolars–Molars
Orientation/Size
/
Root Structure
The Universal System
•Each tooth has a specific number or letter
number or letter.
Each surface of each surface of each
•Each
tooth is classified.
–Notes of extractions, fillings, orientation, etc. are available.
•Primary dentition is noted with upper case
noted with upper case letters.
Age Determination
Applications:
‐Individual Identification
‐Mass Disaster Identification
Mass Disaster Identification
‐Bite mark analysis
Individual Identification
y Identification of a body may sometimes rely only on dental evidence. All dental structures are unique and the trained eye of the forensic odontologist will be able to offer a considerable amount of useful information. y Even if only a few teeth are available, one can still offer an age estimation, smoking habit, state of oral hygiene, and identification of individual features which may match with
identification of individual features which may match with ante‐mortem records.
y When the subject has no teeth, useful information can still j
,
be obtained from the study of any dentures and by X‐raying the mouth and skull.
Case‐ Individual Identification
The mummified remains of a female were discovered in the disused cellar of a hotel. At post mortem the forensic odontologist by studying the
odontologist, by studying the development of the tooth roots was able to determine th
the age at death to within 12 t d th t ithi 12
months. This led to a name g gg
y
being suggested by the Missing Persons Bureau and a positive identification using dental records within 48
dental records within 48 hours.
Mass Disaster Identification
Can be completed in the same manner as individual identification. Organization of antemortem and postmortem data is essential. Large scale problems can occur.
Case ‐‐ Mass Disaster Identification
Case • September 11th • At ground zero, among the d
h
973 victims identified in the first year about 20% of
first year about 20% of victims were identified using dental records.
g
Case ‐‐ Mass Disaster Identification
Case y Asian Tsunami –
Around mid‐March, (of some 800+ identified bodies) 90%were identified b d
by dental records …
l
d
“If you post pictures of your loved ones on the bulletin boards/web boards, choose picture with a broad smile so that front teeth can be seen. A better approach is to post dental X‐ray films and leave email/phone number of the dentist.”
‐‐‐‐‐Tsunami Relief website
A forensic expert examines a film of the teeth of a tsunami victim in Phuket of
teeth of a tsunami victim in Phuket of Thailand, on Jan. 11, 2005
Bite mark analysis
y
Can be used to link a suspect to a crime. Impressions can be left on food, skin or other items left at a scene. These impressions can then be recreated. Case ‐ Bite Mark Analysis
y Although
Although serial killer Ted Bundy was serial killer Ted Bundy was
responsible for an estimated 30‐plus murders, there was little physical evidence to connect him to the crimes when he was arrested in 1975 for kidnapping. y Bundy was preparing to stand trial for murder in Colorado when he escaped
murder in Colorado when he escaped and headed to Florida. There, he killed three more people early in 1978, and when he was finally captured in February of that year, the d
b
f h
h
physical evidence in those cases led to his conviction. y Most crucial was the matching of a Most crucial was the matching of a
bite mark on the buttock of a victim to Bundy's distinctive, crooked and chipped teeth. Bundy was put to d h i 1989
death in 1989. Computer Aided Forensic Odontology
Computer Aided Forensic Odontology
Computer Aided Forensic • 3D Bite mark analysis
• Automatic dental code Automatic dental code
matching
• OdontoSearch
• Automatic dental id ifi i
identification system
Bite mark Analysis Using 3D Scans using dental casts
Demo & Activity
Demo & Activity
• www.Dentalmuseum.org www Dentalmuseum org
(virtual lab on DNA extraction from tooth)
• Model ‐ Dental cast with skull
• Activity ‐ Casting of finger
Bite Mark Evidence
Investigators can analyze bite marks for characteristics to help them
identify victims or suspects as well as to exclude others. Marks can
be left on a victim’s skin or other objects, such as Styrofoam cups,
gum or foods.
gum,
foods Saliva or blood may be left behind that can be tested
for DNA. Dental records including x-rays can also provide useful
information, especially when attempting to identify a victim.
Bite Mark Evidence Video
Features to analyze:
• Type of bite mark (human or animal)
• Characteristics of the teeth (position, evidence of dental work,
wear patterns, etc.)
• Color of area to estimate how long ago the bite occurred (old or
recent bite)
• Swab for body fluids for DNA tests
Did you know?
The most famous incident where bite mark evidence led to a conviction, was in the case of
the notorious serial killer,
killer Ted Bundy.
Bundy He was responsible for an undetermined number of
murders between 1973 and 1978 and was finally tied to the murder of Lisa Levy through
bites that he had inflicted on her body.
Images: http://www.forensicdentistryonline.org/Forensic_pages_1/currentopic1.htm, http://www.trestonedental.co.uk/images/0303.jpg
Bite Mark Evidence Quiz
– Investigators can analyze ___________ ___________ for characteristics to help them identify victims or suspects as well as to exclude others
help them identify victims or suspects as well as to exclude others. – Marks can be left on a victim’s ______________ or other ______________, such as Styrofoam cups, gum, or foods. ______________ or ______________ may be left behind that can be tested for ______________.
– Dental records including ____‐_______ can also provide useful information, Dental records including
can also provide useful information
especially when attempting to identify a victim.
– Features to analyze:
– • ______________ of bite mark (human or animal)
f bi
k (h
i l)
– • Characteristics of the ______________ (position, evidence of dental work, wear patterns, etc.)
– • ______________ of area to estimate how long ago the bite occurred (old or recent bite)
b )
– • Swab for ______________ ______________ for DNA tests
by: Norman D. Sperber, D.D.S.
F
Forensic Odontology
Forensic i Odontology
Od t l
In Child Abuse and d
Homicides
Bite Mark Identification
Examiner looks for:
•Arch
Arch size and shape. size and shape.
•Spaces or gaps •Teeth that are above or below the biting surfaces
below the biting surfaces of the adjacent teeth.
•Missing, rotated, and fractured teeth.
Four Suspects are examined in Four
Suspects are examined in
Child Abuse Case
Suspects
Guy Rolison
Patricia Rolison
Parents
Lynn Hesselgessor
Terry Hesselgessor
Babysitter and Husband
Suspect’ss Bite Marks
Suspect
Bite Marks
Patricia Rolison
Guy Rolison
y
Lynn Hesselgessor
Terry Hesselgessor
Suspect contended victim’s bite mark was self inflicted. lf i fli d
Victim’’ss own upper teeth were superimposed over the bite mark
Victim
own upper teeth were superimposed over the bite mark
A child’’s arch may be as wide as an adult’’s bite.
Investigating a Crime Scene
Investigating a Crime Scene
Case 1: Burglary of a Building
• Citizen John Wintersmith arrives home and notices his front window is open. He lives alone and no one else is authorized to have access to his residence. He calls
authorized to have access to his residence. He calls McAllen PD while still in his driveway as he decides it is best not to enter the residence at this time. He notices his VCR by the trashcan on the street Patrol officers arrive at
VCR by the trashcan on the street. Patrol officers arrive at the scene and make entry into the house. They do not find individuals inside of the residence. The house has been found to be ransacked. Mr. Wintersmith is allowed to survey the residence (without touching anything) to determine if any items are missing In addition to his VCR
determine if any items are missing. In addition to his VCR, the 55” flat screen plasma TV, some jewelry, an Xbox 360, some DVD’s and some liquor bottles have been taken. The officer takes the report for Burglary of Habitation and calls ffi t k th
tf B l
f H bit ti
d ll
out CSI to process the scene.
• How will CSI process the crime scene?
• What evidence will they need to recover?
• How can this evidence be analyzed?
Labs and Activities that can be done with Burglary of a Building
h
l
f
ld
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fingerprinting
Bl d t i
Blood typing
DNA analysis
Hair and fiber analysis
Foot print impressions
Foot print impressions
Soil examination
Example of a Crime Scene
Example of a Crime Scene
Y
Your Turn To Create Your T
T C t Y
Own
Own Crime Scene
Crime Scene