Tree Planting Resource Manual 2015
Transcription
Tree Planting Resource Manual 2015
Tree Planting Resource Manual 2015 Congratulations! We are pleased to offer you a job with Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. This Tree Planting Resource Manual outlines what you should expect from tree planting and from Brinkman. It also points out what we expect from you. It is meant to be referred to before, during, and after the planting season – so please keep a copy for your reference. Note: while this manual is geared more towards first year planters, there is pertinent info in here that seasoned vets also need to know about the way Brinkman operates. Please do take the time to read the entire manual, as it is our expectation you will be familiar with this information prior to working with us. This is the first step in your training as an employee of Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd.. Our first expectation is simple: please immediately send us your acceptance – preferably via email – to confirm that you are accepting our offer of employment. Please reply to the email that accompanied this manual. Your email response should: 1. Specify your commitment to planting with Brinkman from the start of the contract until the last tree is planted. 2. Indicate that you have read, understood and agree with the contents of this Resource Manual as well as the SWP for Treeplanters (please see appendix 1 for this document). 3. Also provide: a. your full legal name b. a fail-proof contact number c. your email address d. your Social Insurance Number Please send your response email as soon as possible. If we do not receive a letter of acceptance from you within a week, we will recruit another applicant for the position. Upon receipt of your email, we will reply to you with an acceptance of your confirmation. Note: We will be contacting our people primarily by email, and providing all the information and instructions you need for the season (including pay stubs) through this route as well. As mass emails seem to be rejected by an ever-increasing number of email accounts, please ensure that “brinkman.ca” is on your contact list, so that our emails are not relegated to your junk folder or rejected altogether. Skipping this step may result in the loss of some important information. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 2 After we receive your confirmation, we will contact you at least a few weeks in advance of your season with a start-up-date, your contract’s location, your Project Manager, and mustering directions to your meet up location. Our start-up dates are typically in early May, though in BC they can start as early as February. They vary from year to year, according to weather conditions, stock availability, the location, and particularly the elevation you will be working within. As soon as we receive the go-ahead from our clients, we will contact you. Be warned – these initial dates often change a week or two later! Always check your email and/or call us before you head up to your contract. We look forward to hearing from you! Judi Tetro Operations Manager Matt Robertson B.C. Regional Manager Timo Scheiber B.C. Operations Manager Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Contact Information Head Office Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. 520 Sharpe Street New Westminster, B.C., V3M 4R2 Office: (604) 521.7771 www.brinkman.ca brinkman@brinkman.ca Judi Tetro Operations Manager 367 MacKay Street Ottawa, Ontario K1M 2C3 Email: judi_tetro@brinkman.ca Office: (613) 745-6618 Cell: (780) 237-1301 Neil Whan Ontario Contract Coordinator Box 29097 Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 6P9 Email: neil_whan@brinkman.ca Office: (807) 285-1295 Cell: (807) 632-2508 Matt Robertson BC Regional Manager Mail to Head Office Email: matt_robertson@brinkman.ca Office: (250) 642-1716 Cell: (250) 709-7070 Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 3 Timo Scheiber BC Operations Manager Mail to Head Office Email: timo_scheiber@brinkman.ca Office: (250) 746-7037 Cell: (250) 850-9015 John Beaton BC Coastal Coordinator Mail to Head Office Email: john_beaton@brinkman.ca Office: (250) 400 0987 Cell (250) 465 0987 For Health + Safety Concerns or Questions: Robin C. McCullough Occupational Health + Safety Coordinator Mail to Head Office Office:. 604-521-7771 ext. 104 cell: 778-229-1581 fax: 604-520-1968 Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 4 Tree Planting Resource Manual 2015: Table of Contents The Company ............................................................................................................................................7 Our Health and Safety Program ............................................................................................................... 9 The Job .................................................................................................................................................... 11 Job Training............................................................................................................................................ 14 Quality ..................................................................................................................................................... 15 Expectations ........................................................................................................................................... 15 Gearing up for Planting ...................................................................................................................... 17 Getting Prepared .............................................................................................................................. 17 Mental Preparation .......................................................................................................................... 17 Physical Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 18 Other keys to avoiding Injury/Illness ................................................................................................20 How to avoid injuries from improper shovel use: .........................................................................20 The Support Staff………………………………………………………………....………................................…21 The Project Manager ....................................................................................................................... 22 The Logistics Manager .................................................................................................................... 22 The Quality Assessor ....................................................................................................................... 23 The Cook and Assistant Cook........................................................................................................ 23 The First Aid Attendant................................................................................................................... 23 The Planter Representative ............................................................................................................ 23 The OH+S Representative .............................................................................................................. 23 A Typical Day in the Life of a Tree Planter ..................................................................................... 22 Camp Life ................................................................................................................................................ 25 Food and Nutrition ............................................................................................................................... 27 Frequently asked Questions ............................................................................................................... 28 How will I get to the contract? .........................................................................................................28 Can I bring my car? ................................................................................................................................26 When will the contract start and finish? ..........................................................................................30 What if I have to leave the contract early?......................................................................................30 Even More Frequently Asked Questions… ...................................................................................... 31 What will my day look like? .................................................................................................................31 How do I keep track of how many trees I plant each day? ..................................................... 32 What is the ratio of Experienced to Inexperienced Planters? ....................................................33 Will I ever get a day off? .......................................................................................................................34 What is the male to female ratio? ......................................................................................................35 Can I receive mail?............................................................................................................................ 35 What if I get hurt or sick? .....................................................................................................................35 Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 5 Can I bring my dog? ........................................................................................................................ 36 Can I bring my laptop? ..........................................................................................................................37 What about Bears? .................................................................................................................................37 How can I dispel my parent’s fears about tree planting? ...........................................................38 What is Brinkman’s camp cost? .................................................................................................... 40 Can I deduct my equipment purchases from my taxes? .............................................................40 What about Vacation Pay? ...................................................................................................................41 What do I have to sign before I start planting? .............................................................................41 What if I find mistakes on my paystubs? .........................................................................................41 Equipment List for Brinkman Tree Planters.................................................................................... 42 Personal Camping equipment ............................................................................................................43 Field and Safety equipment.................................................................................................................44 Work Clothes...........................................................................................................................................47 Boots ..........................................................................................................................................................48 Suggested Extras .............................................................................................................................. 49 Bags and Shovels ....................................................................................................................................50 Where to buy planting equipment: .................................................................................................. 52 Other Available Work… ....................................................................................................................... 54 ChristmasParty .........................................................................................................................................55 Next Year ............................................................................................................................................ 55 Hiring................................................................................................................................................... 55 Appendix One: Safe Work Practice: Tree Planting........................................................................ 59 Appendix Two: Tree Planter Job Description ................................................................................. 54 Appendix Four: Sample Training Day Timeline ............................................................................. 64 Appendix Five: Letter for Your Parents / Loved Ones ................................................................. 65 Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 6 Who is Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd.? The Company Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. is Canada's oldest and foremost reforestation company. We have planted over ONE BILLION trees since our inception in 1970. Brinkman is recognized as a leader and innovator throughout the forest industry, and our underlying approaches to silviculture and restoration services are based on ecologically sound practices. Our clients include private forest industry companies and government agencies in British Columbia, Yukon, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and the United States. Under the leadership of Dirk Brinkman, the company has been a driving force in the development of Canada's reforestation industry. A founding member of silviculture contractor associations across Canada, Brinkman has participated on many steering committees and roundtables addressing provincial national and forest resource issues. Many of the company's innovations in equipment and operations have become industry standards, including planting bags and spades, girdling, mixed species/microsite planting, on-site camps, and seedling containers. Since 1970 the company has expanded its services in response to the changing needs and opportunities in Canada’s forest industry. Although planting remains the core activity, Brinkman now offers many other silviculture services to its clients, including: juvenile spacing, brushing, conifer release, power girdling, pruning, cone picking, slash burning, as well as a full range of survey capabilities. The broad range of services that Brinkman offers have proven effective in a variety of ecosystems within Canada and internationally. Its success and professional reputation are due to its people, a core staff group that has built 35 specialized crews with over 1000 seasonal employees. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 7 Brinkman is pleased to be a long term supplier to many of Canada's major forestry companies, some for more than 35 continuous years. Brinkman’s head office is in New Westminster, BC. We have 20 full-time office staff who manage our Canada-wide operations. Your payroll is processed here, and our policies and procedures are created and reviewed here, using feedback from our various satellite offices and field crews. We have satellite offices in northern and southern Ontario, and on Vancouver Island. Why work with a big company like Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd.? There are many advantages to working with a larger, more established company such as: • Long-term relationships with clients • Larger infrastructure, which means better camps and less downtime, plus greater mobility across regions • Long season available • Financially stable company • Paid regularly (twice per month after initial project setup), with direct deposit into your bank account • Excellent Occupational Health and Safety program • Highly experienced staff • Exceptional training program Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. is also known as a “planter-oriented” company. This means that it is part of our overarching policy to treat our planters well, with respect, and to solicit and use feedback from all of our workers. Reasonable planting hours and shift schedules reflect our understanding of planter burnout and injury rates, and our commitment to reducing injury frequency and severity. Brinkman does not impose quality fines on its workers. We also pay our planters in full during the contract every two weeks, using direct deposit into your bank account, so you see the money you are making during the contract. Please note that your first paycheque cannot be deposited until all of the contract startup paperwork is completed – so providing your project staff with the requested information is very important! Our food and our camps are of a famously high standard. For all these reasons and more, we have one of the highest return rates in the industry. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 8 For more information please visit the Brinkman Group website: http://www.brinkman.ca. This site is the hub from which our various websites extend; see the table below for details. Company Name Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Brinkman Forest Ltd. BARCA Brinkman Restoration Brinkman Earth Systems Brinkman Climate Service Provided Website Domain Forest Renewal Resource Stewardship Tropical Forests Living Infrastructure Research & Development Carbon Finance www.brinkmanreforestation.ca www.brinkmanforest.ca www.barcaforestal.com www.brinkmanrestoration.ca www.brinkmanearthsystems.ca www.brinkmanclimate.com Stay connected with the Brinkman planting community online. ‘Like’ our Facebook page at Brinkman Treeplanter’s Hub and ‘follow’ our Twitter feed @Brinkmantrees. Our Health and Safety Program Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. is committed to ensuring the health and safety of every worker in all of the company's operations. We have a long and proud history of being involved in the improvement of safety in the silviculture industry, and were directly involved with the development of minimum silviculture camp standards in BC, silviculture health and safety standards in Alberta and Ontario, and the development of minimum safety guidelines for silviculture workers with the Worker’s Compensation Board of BC. Brinkman’s operations have long been certified by various provincial, industry-governing safety bodies. In fact we were amongst the first companies in each province to do so, and we have maintained our position as industry leaders in this regard. We are proud that our commitment to safety has resulted in the following formal industry recognition: 1. In Alberta: since 1999, we have held accreditation with the Alberta Forest Product Association’s Partners in Injury Reduction program. 2. In Ontario: since 2002, we have been members of the Worker’s Safety Insurance Board-sponsored Workplace Safety North Advantage Group program. 3. In BC: since 2007, we have held the BC Forest Safety Council’s Safe Company Certification. These commitments ensure not only that our Occupational Health and Safety Program is approved by the relevant provincial worker safety regulatory body, but also that we are continually improving and keeping up-to-date with changing safety requirements. Our worksites are assessed regularly for hazards, our workers are well trained, our camps and equipment are regularly inspected, and our management-worker communication protocols are both well-established and always adapting and improving. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 9 Each of our remote field camps and projects has a Field Safety Committee – with the exception of our very small camps, which usually have an elected Safety Representative. These Committees (and/or Representatives) communicate – through the in-camp OH+S Program Representative and through Safety Meeting documentation – with our Central Safety Committee, which operates out of the Head Office. The Field Safety Committee in your camp is comprised of two staff members, as well as at least two planters elected by their peers – you! This Committee plays an important role in documenting, reviewing and investigating Health and Safety concerns that may arise at the camp or during the planting operations. These people are there to listen to you, and are a very important part of our company OH+S program. There is always information that will never make it back to Head Office without your participation – and if we don’t hear about it, we can’t work to change it. We also have an Ombudsperson, who can be independently and anonymously contacted through the Ombudsman email address: ombudsman@brinkman.ca While the Ombudsperson is not a replacement for our regular channels of communication, he or she is another one of the resources we provide. Every Brinkman worker is responsible for following all safety rules and safe work procedures. These are outlined in our formal Orientation process, and made visible via handouts and Safety Board notices. We have material available in French, and also formal processes for orienting workers who arrive late. It is critical that you get the information you need to do your job, and to safely live together in camp; if you feel unsure of your rights and responsibilities, please check out our camp Safety Board, as well as the OH+S materials available in the Planter Resource Library. Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. meets or exceeds all provincial first aid requirements, including the provision of first aid equipment, emergency transport, and first aid personnel. Every Brinkman crew includes at least one First Aid Attendant, whose job it is to: 1. Treat injuries, as well as document and report any timeloss injuries to Head Office immediately 2. Maintain the first aid kits and equipment properly 3. Help in the prevention of reoccurring injury The company is required by provincial legislation to report any work related injuries immediately to the appropriate authorities. The First Aid Attendant in a key person in this process. It is important that you know who the attendant is, and that you report any injuries as soon as possible. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 10 Bullying & Harassment Response Protocols The Company takes complaints and instances of violence, bullying and/or harassment very seriously. We expect all of our employees – from field workers to senior management – to conduct work activities, as well as their shared free time, respectfully and professionally. Harassment, bullying, or violent behavior will not be tolerated. Our management staff receive training in Harassment Response Protocols, and the process by which complaints or incidents can be reported is outlined during our Project Orientation. Our collective goal is the creation of a safe, positive and fun work experience for all workers, in a healthy body and an injury free work place. Let’s work together to achieve this! THE JOB The job has two essential components: safety, and planting trees. These are the foundations on which all of our operations rest. Health and Safety on the Job Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd., as part of the Brinkman Group, is committed to providing a safe and healthy work environment for all people working within the overall organization. We are also committed to promoting positive health and safety attitudes in all of our workers. For a lot of you, this will be your first job or extended period away from home. Did you know that young people (up to age 24) are statistically more likely to get hurt on the job? It is very important to pay attention, to know your rights, and to know where to get information. This manual is a great start. Management (your Project Manager and all support staff) will set an example and provide leadership in our Occupational Health and Safety Program. Some of the key items your Managers are responsible for are: Providing a safe worksite by following practical and effective health and safety policies e.g. setting up a site specific Emergency Response Plan • • Ensuring safe work procedures are followed e.g. conducting Daily Crew Safety Meetings at the start of every new block and enforcing our Designated Driver Program Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 11 • Providing adequate equipment, training and education e.g. ensuring that crew vehicles are safe to operate and transport passengers Management is not the only participant in our Health and Safety program. Some of the key things each worker is responsible for are: • Being aware of the requirements of the law and our Health and Safety Program, as it relates to your work. e.g. participating in your crew’s Daily Crew Safety Meeting and reporting Field Incidents and injuries • Following all safety rules and safe work procedures. e.g. using hand sanitizer or washing your hands with soap after going to the bathroom Reporting unsafe conditions or acts, and thereby working cooperatively toward the prevention of incidents at work. e.g. letting your Project Manager, a staff person, or your Planter Representative know if you’ve been in a vehicle that has been driven unsafely • Planting Although good physical health is key to becoming a great tree planter, even more crucial is the motivation to do your best and the ability to cope in unusual circumstances. Tree planting is one of the most physically and mentally challenging jobs you will ever encounter. This job requires you to do the same arduous task thousands of times a day, often in a cloud of bugs, a terrible rainstorm, or in blisteringly hot temperatures. It is not for the faint of heart or the weak of spirit. Neither is it a job that allows for long lunches and afternoon coffee breaks. Rather, as seasonal employment, it requires you to take advantage of every minute, and plant as many good quality trees as possible in the time you have. The satisfaction at the end of a hard day of planting is hard to beat. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 12 You were hired to plant for Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. because you demonstrated: • A motivation to do your best every day. • Physical strength and stamina. • Tolerance for unfamiliar weather, as well as (at times) uncomfortable living and working conditions. • An ability to live and work co-operatively in a group. All of these strengths will be necessary to get through a single day of tree-planting. Most important, however, is the ability to cope with the unexpected. Expect the unexpected! We know it’s a cliché, but planting is all about snow in June, a piece of land the size of Nunavut, bear anxieties, a foot-soaking swamp adjacent to a sandy beach, the need to manage for repetitive strain injuries, or scorching sun followed by hail. Sometimes all in the same day. You need, perhaps above all else, to be able to roll with the punches, and still plant hard all day every day. For the new or “Green” planter: Tree planting may sound easy, but it is a skill that takes time to master. You should be committed to planting for at least 2 years; many planters do not get up to speed until the very end of their first season. Your first year is an investment for years to come – both financial (in terms of the equipment expenses) and time. PLEASE DO NOT CONSIDER TREE-PLANTING IF YOU ARE ONLY ABLE TO COMMIT FOR ONE YEAR. You will have to work hard every day, and no one else can do it for you. Job Training A good job-specific training program is fundamental to success. If you’re new to planting, or new to working with us, you will need to be trained. At Brinkman, we have developed a program that enables you to quickly reach your highest earning potential while planting quality trees. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 13 We will do everything possible to help you reach your goals, your earning expectations should take into consideration the time required to learn. Although it varies by conditions and region, individual training typically lasts for the first few days. You will then be immersed in a regular crew of inexperienced and experienced planters. There are a few key approaches to making as much money as possible in your first year: • Be in great – not good – shape when you arrive • Complete the Fit-to-Plant pre-season training program (explained further in this Manual – read on!) • Work hard all day every day • Watch the good planters, and request to plant with one • Ask questions • Set goals for yourself (bag up times, total # of bag ups/day, total # of trees/day) • Stretch – you can use our Dynamic Warmup and Cooldown routines! • Eat well and stay hydrated See Appendix Three for a sample training day timeline, and see the physical readiness section for more info on how to show up ready to make it rain! Quality Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. quality control system is predicated on an open and consistent exchange of information between our clients and our employees. Although the Project Manager is ultimately responsible for the implementation of all quality control programs, it is the shared responsibility of all employees to produce the highest quality service. This includes maintaining high standards for: planting quality, stock handling, stock tracking and health and safety. Accountability for quality resides at all levels of the organization. Brinkman does not impose quality fines, but we do require that you rework any areas that do not meet our clearly stated quality standards. You are paid for trees planted that meet the quality requirements so it is important to plant the trees correctly the first time – and that you understand you are accountable for your quality. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 14 Expectations Although you will be performing your work at a piece rate (as opposed to an hourly or daily rate), Brinkman has production and quality expectations of each planter. These expectations will be different for each contract and in each region, because of the differences in plantability. Your Project Manager will make you aware of these specific expectations – and will speak with you to ensure these goals are reached. We will provide you with extra training and ample opportunity (within reason!) to reach this goal. However, if by the end of the probationary period [normally the end of the 3rd shift], you are for unable to plant at the level of the crew average, we may terminate your employment. Your Project Manager will make you aware of what the benchmarks are for each specific project. Please remember, our benchmarks are minimums. We encourage people to surpass these minimums, as many first year planters are able to do. You may have a very short window in which to make your money during the tree planting season (as few as 35 days in Ontario and upwards of 80 in BC for a spring/summer season). It’s in your best interest to make the most of each day. We expect experienced planters to achieve an established daily production goal, as well as the established quality standard, within the first 2 shifts of planting. We further expect experienced planters to remain above this number thereafter depending, of course, on the ground and other circumstances. Planters are expected to perform to the high quality standards that Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. is known for. Our clients (who grant us the contract to plant the trees, and oversee our work) expect that a Brinkman-run project will achieve planting quality that exceeds~94%. This is a high standard – but Brinkman is known for good quality work, and this is part of the metric that awards us contracts. Our training program is extensive, and planters work their way to this high standard in a short period of time. If you are unable to reach this standard, we will provide you with extra training. If it continues to be a problem you will receive verbal warnings; without improvement within an established time frame, you will be let go. We cannot have our quality fall below the standards set by our clients. In our experience, everyone is capable of achieving our high standards, but it is up to each individual planter to do the work – and have the attitude – necessary to reach this target. Tree planting is a very hard job. This is not summer camp. You have been chosen from hundreds of applicants because we feel you are able to perform at our high standard and realize solid earnings for your efforts. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 15 We are expecting a lot from you – including arriving in excellent physical and mental shape – and we expect that you will be prepared to work hard, learn lots and have fun. We know you can do it if you show up ready to work. Keep in mind that while you are working for us – on any of our worksites, in any one of our vehicles on a day off, or any time you are at our camps– we are responsible for your wellbeing. As such, there might be times when you don’t like our policies or think we are being overly controlling. For example, you are not permitted to take off whenever you like from the worksite or camp, or invite whomever you want to come and stay with you. And, no, you can’t necessarily set up your tent wherever you please, or park in the middle of our camp, or start a huge bonfire beside your car. We have rules and policies – mostly to help keep you safe in the bush – and we are asking that you please respect them. If you are unsure, please ask – your foreperson, your Project Manager, the Ombudsperson. Lastly, a word about job security. As stated, we have high expectations of your quality, your productivity, and your cooperation. If you meet these expectations, you can count on us to provide you with a good season, and more work again in future years. Planters are the engine of this machine, and good planters can and will work with us for decades. Gearing up for Planting Getting Prepared There are many things you can do to get prepared for planting – most of which are far more complex than throwing a few pairs of socks in your bag and booking a bus ticket. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 16 Mental Preparation If you have any doubts about being able to stick it out once you begin planting, rethink your acceptance now. Planting is not camping. This is a job to which you should commit for a minimum of two full seasons. You will make substantially more money in subsequent years – so please don’t do it for only one! The learning curve is too steep. This hiring package is part of your mental preparation for the reality of planting trees. By committing to plant with Brinkman you are committing not only to staying until the end of the project, but to planting hard every day you are with us, and living cooperatively with everyone in your camp. Planting is seasonal work. This means that you have only a few short months to make money. You cannot afford to take a day off for any reason and we cannot afford to hire a planter that does not work every day. The best planters don’t take unscheduled days off. Good planters are motivated to make money, arrive in excellent physical shape, and are ready to listen and learn what it takes. Make the most of every moment out there. Physical Preparation We expect you to arrive in excellent shape for planting. There are specific exercises that should be done in combination with a regular exercise program, starting at least 6 weeks prior to your arrival at camp. Dr. Delia Roberts, a professor at Selkirk College in BC who specializes in sports physiology and nutrition, has studied the specific rigours of tree planting. She has put together an excellent training program called “Fit to Plant” that you can find at: http://www.selkirk.ca/tree-planting/ If you are just looking for the physical training program, follow this link to get a pdf which will print in booklet form: http://selkirk.ca/sites/default/files/Faculty%20Research/fit_to_plant.pdf We request you follow this program to minimize injury, and to reduce the time it takes for your body to get used to days of planting. This will maximize your earnings! Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 17 Please spend some time on Dr. Roberts’ Selkirk site, and follow this exercise program before you arrive in camp (particularly if you have had tendonitis or wrist/knee/back injuries). Although this requires a commitment of your time for preseason conditioning (around 6 weeks prior to arrival at camp), it will be of significant benefit to you once you start planting. Why should you follow the Fit to Plant Program? • Planters who followed it displayed an increase in production of more than 15% (results have shown $50/day higher earnings) • Planters who followed it had a decrease in injuries of 42%. Injuries cost you $$. • Because if you’re reading this, you are eligible for a pre-season bonus: download the Training booklet from the link above, show up in camp with the journal completed, bring your receipt for the Theraband or other workout materials, and you will be reimbursed for these pre- season expenses. For more information, please contact the OH+S Coordinator, Robin C. McCullough, at robin_mccullough@brinkman.ca. Dr. Roberts’ research is not limited to the pre-season conditioning Fit to Plant Program. She also did a great deal of work on proper nutrition while planting, as well as a hydration study. All of her results are published on line through the first link above, but here are some of the major highlights: 1. Complete the 6 week Fit to Plant Program to increase earnings and decrease injuries. Note: There is now also a 2 week “Desperate Planter’s Last Chance” program! 2. Follow the Power Eating for Power Planting Program. Two important things to remember: a. Eat throughout the day – not a big lunch meal. Eat at every bag-up. b. Be sure to eat 500 calories within 1 hour of finishing your planting day. This will ensure your energy for the next day – you’ve got to start rebuilding your muscles immediately. 3. Keep well hydrated. a. Drink at least 4 litres of water every day. b. Take a small water bottle in your back bag (or a camel back water system). The best way to stay hydrated is to drink regularly – and not just when you go back to the cache (drinking a lot when you go back to the cache fools your body into thinking you have “too much water in your system” and it often starts to eliminate water) Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 18 c. A Gatorade-type mixture provides even more benefits than straight water; you can make your own rehydration fluid using salt + sugar. It’s a lot cheaper than Gatorade. These are just the highlights. To maximize your potential, make the most money, and stay injury free – read + follow Dr. Roberts’ program. Think About It This job is definitely not for everyone. With everyone’s best interest in mind, we ask you to take few minutes and truthfully think about the following. You are also welcome to contact us if you have any concerns or questions. In addition to major illnesses and diseases which would obviously interfere with your ability to perform this job, we do not recommend this job for people with the following conditions: • Heart disease • Epilepsy • Hard to control asthma (to the degree that might require hospitalization), or other chronic lung conditions. We often work in extremely dry, dusty and occasionally smoky conditions. • Allergies that might result in anaphylaxis. Bees and wasps are very common on the block, and it is difficult to accommodate extreme peanut or shellfish allergies. • Any condition that requires precise medication. Your dosages will have been calibrated for your non-planting levels of exertion + hydration; tree-planting will push your body to its limit, and your medication is likely not able to keep pace. Please discuss this issue with your physician if you are determined to plant, and share all pertinent information on your confidential Medical Information form. Such conditions may not preclude you from being able to work for us, but we do insist that you notify us immediately and discuss the potential for problems. Our concern is not that you can’t do the job, but that the remote nature of our work makes response times slower, and medical facilities unavailable. We must work together to ensure that you are put on the crew that best fits your needs and that the situation is safe for you. We ask you to consider that you will be working very closely with a group of people, often sharing confined, dirty spaces. Despite providing excellent facilities and trying to keep everything clean, dirt is a reality of working in the elements and living in a bush camp. Our workers’ health and welfare is very important; it is critical that everyone be respectful of one another, and understand the effects that his or her personal hygiene will have on others. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 19 If you have had tendonitis or other Muscular/Skeletal Injuries in the past (from planting or otherwise), please tell us, so that we can proactively prevent further injury. Many items – braces, supports, proper footwear – can help. There are many physical requirements in this job (weight bearing, bending, climbing) that you should be prepared for and able to handle. Maintaining a healthy body is crucial in making tree planting a financially and emotionally rewarding experience. Most injuries can be avoided by strengthening your body before you arrive. Get Fit to Plant! Other ways to avoid Injury or Illness Once You Have Begun Tree Planting: Get proper rest: arrive at the worksite alert. Start out slowly. Allow your body time to be accustomed to unfamiliar movements. Make your first bag-up of the day lighter (this is great for experienced planters too!) Ensure sufficient hydration (drink lots of liquids, in both hot and cold weather). Drink at least 4 litres of water per day; up to twice that on hot days. Bring a small water bottle for your back bag, or use a Camelbak or similar backpack unit. Eat a well-balanced diet: a proper mix of protein, carbohydrate and fats, including lots of fruits and vegetables. Time your food intake properly – bring a sandwich to eat on the way home. Multi-vitamin supplements may be helpful. Ensure adequate intake of vitamin B complex (particularly B6), essential fatty acids (fish/flax/hemp/evening primrose oil), glucosamine sulphate, and greens. A broad-spectrum greens supplement – one which includes dried cereal grasses + spirulina or other blue-green algae – will cover a lot of your nutritional bases. You are tearing yourself down every day, and you need to be built back up to be able to keep going for the season. Please take care of yourself nutritionally. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 20 Reduce coffee and alcohol intake. This will help you avoid dehydration, and will speed muscle + wound healing. Take regular breaks, which will enable you to plant harder when you’re not at rest. Warm-up before you start planting; we have some great Dynamic Warmup material! Stretch periodically throughout the day, and spend at least 10 minutes doing Cooldown Stretches at the end of the day. Do not carry more trees than you can plant in 1 hour, or 1.5 hours at a maximum. Always keep your knees bent and your back straight when lifting objects like tree boxes or logs to keep your cache tarp weighed down. How to avoid injury from improper shovel use: Strengthen your wrists and forearms before the season begins. Avoid gripping the handle of your shovel tightly. Keep your grip loose enough that your hand can slide around the handle. Shorten your shovel if necessary. Less weight/height = less fatigue. Avoid excess movements with your shovel. Do not lift your shovel above shoulder height, and do not ram it into the ground. Our forepersons and trainers will help you develop proper techniques. Change hands regularly to avoid overusing them. PLANT WITH BOTH HANDS. Yes it’s awkward – but if you’re a new planter, you are awkward no matter which way you slice it. Learn to be ambidextrous now and make more $$$ forever. Use your foot and leg muscles – not just your arm + back – to drive the shovel into the ground and open your hole. Be cautious in rocky or hard ground. Keep your wrists straight as much as is possible. Check your technique routinely, to ensure you are using proper posture. Ask your foreperson to watch your technique and provide feedback. Monitor your wrists and shoulders for redness, soreness and swelling. If these symptoms arise, report them to your first aid attendant and foreperson, and follow their recommendations. The Support Staff Each Brinkman camp includes a Project Manager (often called the Supervisor), and various staff members. All of these people will aid you in safely achieving a high standard of quality and production. A typical tree-planting project staff will include: The Project Manager (or Supervisor) is ultimately responsible for the management and safety of all the workers in camp. The Project Manager is also responsible for coordinating the efficient completion of all aspects of the contract. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 21 It’s a big job and these are busy people – but not too busy for a chat now and then. Our Project Managers began as planters, and therefore understand how difficult it is and appreciate interacting with the crew. The Logistics Manager (or Treerunner or Tree Deliverer) works with the Project Manager and Forepersons/Crewbosses, and is responsible for transporting trees from the main tree cache to smaller caches within the work area. These people often manage the field operations and monitor crew safety in the absence of the Project Manager. Crewbosses or Forepersons assist the supervisor, and are responsible for crews of 5 to 14 planters. We have both “Full Crewbosses,” who do not plant and are responsible for 10-14 planters, and “Planting Crewbosses,” who do plant and are responsible for 5 or fewer planters. These people safely drive you to the planting site, train you on technique and specs, do quality checks on your work and help you correct mistakes, keep track of your daily tree tallies, and ensure you have enough trees and planting ground for the day. These people have been trained to be your team leaders, and are responsible for ensuring your safety and productivity at all times during the day. They are also major channels of communication between workers and management; you will likely get to know your Crewboss or Foreperson well, and letting her or him know what you’re thinking about our operations can be of great assistance to us as a company. The Quality Assessor is responsible for assessing and documenting the quality of all the trees planted on the project. She or he will be in contact with the Forepersons and the Project Manager about your quality, through both verbal discussions and through the Daily Quality sheet that every Foreperson completes and files. Generally, these results are submitted to our clients to determine our payment percentage. The Cook and Assistant Cook provide you with excellent and nutritious meals every day. They are required to be trained in Food Safety, and they are in charge of the kitchen. The kitchen is their worksite, so you must have explicit permission from them in order to enter. The First Aid Attendant (usually a crew boss or a planter) is responsible for tending to the health of all the planters and staff. You must report any injuries to this person. She or he is usually available both in the field and in camp; the location of all First Aiders is one of the items discussed during your Daily Crew Safety Briefing. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 22 The Planter Representative is an experienced co-worker (a planter whom the crew has elected), who fields enquiries from other planters and represents you to the staff management group. If you have any questions or concerns about how the project is being managed, this is the person or people to speak with. The OH+S Representative is responsible for the day to day administration of the Occupational Health and Safety Program in each field camp. She or he has received training from Robin C. McCullough, the OH+S Coordinator, and is a communication link between your camp and the Head Office. The size and structure of your project’s support team depends on the size and complexity of the project and will vary. Make an effort at the beginning of your season to get to know who the staff are, and what each of them is responsible for. The first crew meeting is a good place to find out where to direct requests and questions. Good communication between staff and employees is essential to successful communal living – we would rather hear about something than not hear about it. For reals. A Typical Day in the Life of a Tree Planter “6:00 am. You fumble for the snooze button but by the time you find it you can smell the coffee. You start the routine: polypro, hoodie, slide on a pair of runners and head for the coffee urn. The lunch table rush won’t happen for another fifteen minutes.The mess tent is quiet. You could use another two hours of sleep, but today you’re going to highball the crew. Fair enough.” Or… “Something’s wrong: your alarm’s going off but there’s no way it’s six o’clock yet, you’re too tired and it can’t be this cold at six! There’s been a terrible mistake. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 23 But the generator is running. You can hear other alarms in other tents, people whispering, rain on your tent fly. Your polypro is damp and smells really bad; your soon-to-bedisowned sister has your hoodie. As you stare at the two solid blocks of ice that used to be your boots, you realize you would pay three hundred bucks not to go to work today. But you must, and you will tomorrow and the day after…” Your average morning is somewhere in between the two above scenarios, culminating in a love-hate relationship that – for most – ends up being just a bit more love than hate. Whatever the case may be, if you are new to planting you’ve got to prepare for. There’s a lot to love: big money, great people, exhilarating atmosphere, heaps of food, fun parties, and a very real experience of piece rate labour. To be sure, hard physical work, bad weather, bugs, wet clothes, and physical ailments can push you to the edge. Very little in life will prepare you for the highs and lows that is tree planting, and we can pretty much promise that it will be the standard against which all your other “tough” jobs in life will be judged. This manual is intended to give you an idea of what to expect this season. Coming in with no idea of what to expect is not recommended. Go to www.youtube.com to see some excellent footage of planting, some funny warnings, some amazing documentaries, and more. Read this guide, talk to friends who’ve done it – especially those who have worked with Brinkman. Hope for the best, and prepare for the worst. Camp Life Brinkman provides some of the best bush camps in Canada. We supply dining facilities (with a Cook!), all the dishes and cutlery, clean and welcoming kitchens, stereos, clean and dry outhouses (politely referred to as shitters), hot showers, and heated dry tents or trailers for equipment storage and drying your clothes. Each bush camp is portable so that we can pack up and move during the contract. We do this to be closer to our blocks, and to shorten travel time on a daily basis. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 24 Our camps are powered by generators, which provide electricity for the kitchen, mess tent, showers and camp office. We are usually situated in beautiful locations, despite the bugs. Most importantly, our camps comply with all Ministry of Health and Ministry of Labour Standards, as well as provincial Silviculture Camp Standards. What you provide is your own tent to live in. You must also provide a positive and responsible attitude towards communal living. A bush camp of 30 - 60 people requires that all planters contribute towards basic cleanliness, and the health and safety of everyone on the project. Occasionally Brinkman contracts use motels, lodges, logging camps, boats or barges as their home base, rather than bush camps. In these instances, planters sleep in a cabin or motel and often cook their own food (logging camps and barges usually provide Cooks). Sometimes planters will sleep in a tent but eat their meals inside, and use indoor toilets and showers. In the case that you are required to provide your own food and cooking, we adjust your DPA (daily planting adjustment) accordingly Unless you have been informed otherwise, assume your contract is a bush camp. Food and Nutrition Brinkman cooks provide three nutritious meals a day: a hot breakfast, a hot dinner, and a field lunch that you pack every morning from a camp lunch table. While we provide utensils or dishes for breakfast and dinner, you do need to bring storage containers for your lunch. All our Cooks and Cook’s Assistants have their Food Safe certificate, and will provide both vegetarian and non-vegetarian meals every day. Allergies and special diets are also accommodated whenever possible; please let your project staff know as early as possible (like right now) of any special dietary needs or concerns. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 25 Please Note: It is not always possible to purchase a wide range of vegan food in remote locations; many foods are unavailable or are prohibitively expensive. If you eat a vegetarian – or particularly a vegan – diet you may not get the same range of options as you may be used to in the city. Cooks will make every effort to accommodate you, but it may be limited. Because of this fact, it is not a good idea to “try out” being vegan at our camps. You would be dramatically changing your activity level and your diet at the same time; your health and your daily production could suffer. That said, if you are a true vegan, we will of course make an effort to accommodate you. The same approach applies for gluten free, dairy free, and allergy related diets (even the bacon-eating vegetarians). If this is critical to you, we will do all we can to accommodate it – but please note that tree-planting camp should not be considered a trial ground for new diets. Please talk to your Hiring Manager or Regional Manager prior to starting work if you have special dietary needs, to help us figure out the best fit for you. Brinkman has found that a diet based on Delia Roberts’ proven recommendations is the most nutritious and productive for our planters. Her guidelines are based on sound principles of sports nutrition. As she states, “Eating right can help you plant hard all season. Eating right can help you do more than survive the season. It can help you stay strong and make money. That's what you want, right?” Please also see Appendix One: “Effects of Physiological Status on Occupational Injury and Planting Productivity and Quality” at the end of this manual, for more information on a 2002 study conducted by Dr. Delia Roberts. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 26 Frequently Asked Questions How will I get to the contract? It is your responsibility to get to the mustering point, which is usually the town nearest your contract. From this point, we will pick you up and drive you out to camp. All of our Alberta, Manitoba and Ontario contracts, and most BC Interior contracts, are run out of bush camps. When we send you your contract details (often in early April, for our big May startup), we will let you know the best way to get to your contract. Depending on where you are starting, you may need to take the bus, fly, or do a combination of the two. Check into Greyhound (http://www.greyhound.ca), or check with your Project Manager or Hiring Manager to see if there are planters driving to your mustering point. Sometimes we can connect those who are offering or need rides. Need to fly? West Jet http://www.westjet.com or Air Canada http://www.aircanada.ca )seem to be getting cheaper and cheaper. You can also try http://www.flyporter.com if you are in Eastern Canada. Bear in mind that we won’t know the mustering date until 3-4 weeks prior to contract startup, which is sometime in April for May projects. Your proposed startup date almost always changes, due to unforeseen weather events like a Chinook or two feet of late spring powder. If you book travel before formal confirmation of mustering dates, you may end up waiting around a few days. We do realize it is cheaper the earlier you book – but the weather doesn’t always cooperate! Can I bring my car? Yes, some planters bring their own vehicle. It provides a warm, dry and bug-free (ish) haven, and your packing is much less complicated. But (and this is a big but) most camps are remotely situated on rough and active logging roads that CAA won’t touch. If your car has low suspension, suspect brakes, or worn tires – think about it. Ask your Project Manager, Hiring Manager, or experienced planters who’ve worked in the region. There are a number of rules that planters must follow if they plan to bring a personal vehicle to camp. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 27 Please note the following. • • • • • • • You may only bring a vehicle in camp with the express consent of your Project Manager. And each time you drive in or out of camp you must inform a staff member, as well as fill out the Personal Vehicle log. This is a simple spreadsheet that tracks your vehicle, your occupants, and your expected time of return. We need to know where you are, and when to start looking for you if you don’t return. You must abide by our Personal Vehicle Policy while you are working with Brinkman. Please request a copy of our policy prior to the start of the season. You may only use hands-free devices for your cellphone/ipod/GPS unit. This is the law in some provinces, and company policy in all provinces. You will be required to convoy with camp vehicles into and out of camp. Even behind very slow schoolbuses. Get used to it. You may not pass or overtake a camp vehicle (or logging truck) on any road. Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. is not responsible for personal vehicle damage or breakdown. You are taking your vehicle into our camps at your own risk. If your vehicle breaks down, you are financially responsible for getting it to the nearest garage. We cannot go back and get it for you. When will the contract start and finish? The BC Interior / Alberta / Ontario start dates range from the 20th of April to the 20th of May; these contracts usually finish by the beginning of July. New contracts often emerge for July and/or August; this work usually finishes by Sept 1st. BC Coastal work can take place at almost any time of year. Work is often available before and after these dates, so please talk to us if you are interested. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 28 If you are attending school and your exams continue into the beginning of May, we can usually place you on a contract that starts in the second week in May. Likewise if you have a job that starts on August 1st – we can usually place you on a contract that starts earlier, and therefore finishes earlier in July. Just remember you will be making way more $$$ by the end of the contract, and leaving early is very costly both for you and for us. While we do not fine you for leaving the contract early, we discourage it; we invest a lot of time and training wages into your, and we would like to see our return on this investment as much as you would. What if I have to leave the contract early? If you are injured or sick or there is a family emergency, we will drive you to the nearest bus or train station as soon as possible. If you are leaving for any other reason, we will drive you in at a time that is convenient for us. Often we are many hours away from the nearest town, and taking you there costs valuable time and money. As mentioned above, Project Managers are very busy people, and driving you into town because you can’t hack it is a drain on the resources that should be available for the camp as a whole. You may not at any point leave camp or the work site of your own accord, regardless of whether you have your own vehicle or where your camp is located. You must always clear any departures with the supervisor. We are often situated in remote locations, and leaving of your own accord either by foot or by car can be very dangerous. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 29 Even More Frequently Asked Questions… What will my day look like? Schedules can vary from contract to contract, but the typical scenario is as follows: Planters are up by 5:30 – 6:30 am to make their lunch, have breakfast and get their gear together before leaving camp at 7 am. Your crew boss will drive your crew to work in the vehicle most appropriate for your project. This is usually a 4x4 truck in the BC interior, Alberta and Saskatchewan; a boat or barge for our coastal BC work; a schoolbus in Manitoba and Ontario, and potentially some sort of swampnavigator (like a tracked vintage Bombardier tank, or less sensational Argo) in northern areas with little bedrock to speak of. For difficult access across any of our provinces, we will use helicopters. These commutes can be anywhere from 10 minutes to 1 ½ hours long. If you are a nervous flier and would prefer to avoid helicopters, we will need to place you on a non-flying contract; working around a non-flier on a flying contract is too much to ask of our Logistics Managers. Please note that daily travelling to and from the area we are planting is a basic aspect of the job. While we endeavour to keep these commutes as short as short as possible, poor weather and the variable state of bush roads makes this hard to predict. Whenever possible, we will move to a campsite closer to the areas we are planting, rather than spending more nonproductive time on the road. On the drive to work, many planters sleep, do wrist and arm stretches, or eat a slow, tidy breakfast. Your day consists of loading up trees at your cache (a roadside tree deposit that is refilled all day long), planting those trees, having your crew boss check your trees for good quality, and finishing your piece of land. Again and again and again. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 30 You will be planting in pairs or, increasingly, in groups (crew planting) –whichever mode gets the trees planted and the land finished most efficiently, as determined by your Project Manager, Logistics Manager or other staff. We only allow planters to work on their own in specific circumstances, and it is not common. This is for your own safety. Between 4:30 and 5:30 pm, your crew boss will pick you up and drive you back to camp. Dinner is usually between 6 and 7, after which planters are free to relax, read, play guitar, talk and even to complain bitterly about the day. How do I keep track of how many trees I plant each day? Trees are packaged in boxes or trays, containing a predetermined number of seedlings. At the beginning of each contract, your Project Manager will let you know how she or he wants you to keep track of your numbers, and how to report them to your crewboss. Each time you load up with trees during the day, you will count the bundles/boxes/trays, and note that number on an Individual Production Log. At the end of the day, you will sign and submit your IPL to your Crewboss. You may be keeping track of several combinations of trees, prices, and blocks in one day, so accurate record keeping is very important. A waterproof note pad, pen, and calculator are the best tools for this, and should be part of your daily gear. What is the ratio of Experienced to Inexperienced Planters? Brinkman has a high return rate among our planters – a fact that we are proud of and one that we strive to maintain by treating our planters well and with respect. We have one of the highest planter return rates in the industry. Most of our camps have an experienced ratio of at least 30%, depending on the year and the camp. If our volume of total trees to be planted goes up in a given year, our experience level will go down, as we need to hire more planters. The opposite holds true for times when our overall volume of trees goes down. Will I get a day off? The shift schedules of our contracts are flexible, in order to accommodate project needs. Our aim is to work either a 3 + 1 (3 days on and 1 day off) or a 4 + 1 schedule. These are the work schedules that we find to be the most efficient for you and for us but in some cases we work longer shifts. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 31 Please check with your Project Manager prior to start-up to find out the shift schedule that is planned for your crew. We often have to work a day more or less, to accommodate project logistics like camp moves, distances from town, or our nursery stock schedule. Sometimes we also work extra days – or longer hours – to finish an area of land or a particular contract. On the night before the day off we usually kick back and relax, and have a night off with people in camp. Bring fun clothes for our theme nights! It is extremely rejuvenating to change out of your planting pants and work boots at the end of the shift. Although we encourage planters to have a good time, we do have a Drug and Alcohol Policy that we enforce. These rules are intended for your safety and will be posted at the worksite. Some key points of Our Drug and Alcohol Policy to keep in mind: • You must be of legal drinking age to consume alcohol • We reserve the right to refuse to allow you to drink alcohol on our worksites • Consumption of alcohol is strictly prohibited in Brinkman vehicles – even if the vehicle is parked and the keys are removed • The taking of drugs is not permitted at any time • Drinking of alcohol is not permitted on the block at any time • Any worker who reports to work under the influence of alcohol or drugs will be disciplined, according to our Progressive Discipline Policy • Alcohol consumption before or on a day off should not result in missed work; this will also result in the application of our Progressive Discipline Policy • If alcohol consumption by a worker results in any unacceptable behavior (i.e. endangerment of Workers including harassment, or damage to equipment) termination will result On your day off, we provide transport to the nearest town if possible. Please bear in mind that occasionally our camps are too remote to make a town visit reasonable on every day off, in which case we will stagger our visits. On your day off you can usually do your laundry, get your fast-food fix, see a movie, and/or buy bug dope and supplies. You can also – Project Manager permitting – stay in camp, which is the best way to properly recuperate and prepare for the coming shift. Please remember that day off activities are privileges and not rights, and you must abide by your Project Manager’s rules for both camp and town. Often planters, staff, and Project Managers will get together to plan day off activities. In the past, these have included rafting, sightseeing trips, horseback riding, and paint ball activities. Whatever (legal) local flavors are out there, we want you to experience them. However, dangerous activities that put you, other planters, or the company as a whole at risk are strongly discouraged; engaging in them may result in disciplinary action. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 32 Please remember that as an employee of Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd., you represent the company both on the block and in town. It is very important that we be considerate of local residents and businesses; these are the same people that fix our generators, find spare bus tires, serve us killer club sandwiches, hook us up with internet service, and let us wash our filthy clothes at their laundromats. Many of our day off towns have only one option for each of these critical services available – please do not jeopardize these very important relationships. We are guests in their community – and it is our company policy that planters act in a respectful manner. If you do stay in town overnight during a camp move or on a day off, please treat your motel room and the motel staff with respect. If you vomit, clean it up; if your dog chews up a carpet/sofa, offer to reimburse the owner. Most importantly, do not have a raging party at 2 in the morning in a motel. There is no quicker way to alienate a community than by asking them to listen to your drunken ravings or to clean up after you. What is the male to female ratio? We strive for all our camps have an equal number of men and women. We also try to promote as many women as men, so it is just as likely your Foreperson or Project Manager will be a woman as a man. Can I receive mail? Yes, you can send and receive mail while you are planting – but you often won’t know the mailing address until you arrive in camp. We often leave an area where we are working within a few days, and if your mail has not arrived by the time we leave, you may not receive it. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 33 What if I get hurt or sick? Every camp has at least one trained First Aid Attendant, and all of our field staff have basic first aid training. You are required to report all injuries or illnesses to the First Aid Attendant. We have radio phone or satellite phone communications in the field and in camp, and often have cell service and Spot trackers or similar devices as well. We also have extensive emergency response procedures. If you need to go to a doctor or the hospital, we will transport you to town as soon as possible. We do acknowledge the need for days off, when absolutely necessary, and we charge a $40 camp cost for each day you stay in camp without planting. In the event that you are injured on the job, you will be formally offered Modified Work, and we will work with you to get back to your regular job as quickly as possible. Can I bring my dog? Yes, lots of planters bring their dogs with them. It must be said that any environment with many large trucks is a hazardous place for your dog. Quite a few dogs have been seriously injured or killed through accidents involving vehicles in camp, and we ask you to please consider this fact before making your decision. If your contract is a motel, boat or logging camp contract, bringing your dog is probably not an option. You must confirm with your Project Manager before bringing a dog or other animal to the contract. Please remember, you are responsible for your animal’s welfare and for keeping the camp area FREE OF POOP. Sociable, self-reliant and quiet dogs tend to work out best in camp; a dog that presents a danger to others through aggressive or untrained behaviour will not be allowed to stay. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 34 If your dog does any damage to Brinkman equipment or vehicles, you will be required to pay for the repairs. In our experience, many dogs are a direct earnings-decreaser, as well as an occasional social hindrance to their owners in camp. Examples are time lost looking for your dog while it’s chasing a rabbit; town trips and vet bills to remove porcupine quills; and difficulty getting rides to and from town or the next contract. Yes, a few well behaved dogs can be great in camp and (at times) a real asset in bear country, but please think seriously about these issues before you bring your dog planting. We strongly recommend that you do not bring a dog unless you have your own vehicle. Please be aware that a planting camp is a work environment, and not a place to train a puppy. Can I bring my laptop / cell phone / iPod / tablet/ other electronics? Yes, you may bring your electronics to the camp. Please be aware of the following: • Although we do have wireless Internet in many of our camps, it is primarily for camp operations and emergency contact purposes, and it may not provide a great signal in all locations. • While we do try to provide Internet access to workers, our primary objectives are to run a great tree planting operation, and to ensure good communications with Head Office, our various clients, and emergency personnel if necessary. Even without camp access to Internet, our Project Managers will be able to transfer messages, should your family or friends need to contact you. • We cannot store or protect your electronics for you, and we are not responsible for loss or damage to these items. Leaving your electronics in the mess tent is a bad idea; do so at your own risk. • Bring a waterproof container (like a Rubbermaid or Pelican case), in which to keep your electronics, within the safety of your tent or trailer. • You may not store or use your computer in our camp office. • Camp computers (for the Project Manager or payroll clerk) are for staff use only. If anything goes wrong with these machines, payroll may not happen, and nobody will get paid. Your contract might very well be interrupted because of lost information necessary to do our work. For these reasons, we must be firm on this rule. • We cannot supply power to your personal tent. • You can charge your electronics in the mess tent, but we are not responsible for their wellbeing, and they must be removed immediately after charging. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 35 What about Bears? Very often, tree planting is located in bear country. Bears are dangerous wild animals. We have dealt with this issue for many years, and we take many safety precautions to protect our employees. We will go through our Bear Safety Manual with all planters during the formal Project Orientation, before you head out to the field. We remove all garbage every night and close down the kitchen. We have bear spray and bear bangers in every camp. All of our Project Managers are experienced in dealing with bears in camp and in the field. What you need to do is to make sure you do not leave anything that smells like anything in your tent. We provide a dry tent and a shower trailer for all smelly items. Bears are attracted to anything that smells –really. Toiletries, food, your day pack (which may smell like your lunch), cigarettes, gum, empty beer bottles, bug spray, sunscreen, essential oils, vitamins and other supplements – everything. Do not leave any of this in your tent. More great information regarding bear safety is available through the following websites: http://www.bearaware.bc.ca/ http://www.bearsmart.com/ How can I dispel my parent’s fears about tree planting? Many parents are nervous about letting their children go tree planting, and we encourage you to give them this hiring package, so they will have something to read to calm their anxieties. We have also written a letter which summarizes the important information contained in this manual, and which will help alleviate your parents’ or loved ones potential fears. Please see Appendix Four at the end of this manual for a copy of this letter. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 36 How and when will I be paid – and how do I get an ROE? Brinkman pays twice a month, calculated on earnings to the 15th and the last day of each month. This is done through direct deposit to your bank account. Calculation of pay periods and direct deposit dates differs by province. When you move from one province to another, please note that you must complete provincial tax forms for each province you are working in – as well as an Employment Agreement for the new province (which will outline some of the provincial employment standard differences for the new province – including pay dates). If your Project Manager forgets to provide you with these new forms, please ask for them (please remember that the Project Manager may not necessarily know that the contract you just came from was in a different province – and you need to let them know you need the new tax forms and Employment Agreement). Direct deposit only works if you bring a voided, blank personal cheque, as well as your Social Insurance Number. If you do not bring a voided cheque, your pay will be delayed until we receive the voided cheque at our Head Office. We expect that you will use our direct deposit system, as it is the quickest and most efficient way to be paid. This is particularly true if you go on to another contract, or go traveling directly after the plant and do not return to your permanent address. There is a minimum two week turnaround period between the end of the pay period and your first pay deposit; if you begin working on May 1st, your pay period will end May 15th. The two-week turnaround for this first pay period means that our Head Office payroll Managers will transmit the payroll data to your bank by May 30th. Paycheques are transmitted to workers’ banks in accordance with provincial employment standards; if you have questions about the schedule in your province, please ask your Project Manager for clarification. While our Head Office payroll Managers (as supported by field payroll clerks) work hard to transmit your paycheque within the provincially mandated time frames, this does not always mean that you will see the $$ in your account immediately. Head Office will transmit the payroll data to your bank, and this transmission will be accompanied by an email of your paystub. If this data transmission occurs before a weekend or a statutory holiday, we cannot guarantee that the $$ will be deposited into your account immediately. It is up to your particular bank to determine their policies regarding depositing our payroll transmissions, and they are under no obligation to standardize across their industry. Because our Head Office will have sent your emailed paystub, this can be confusing, as it is possible you will see an email indicating you have been paid, but not the $$. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 37 It is important to bring some spending money for your days off before you get paid for your tree-planting work, and to accommodate the delays that accompany remote work. While we can give you a cheque advance to tide you over at the beginning, it will be restricted to $100, and we will only be able to provide one advance per pay period. It is also important to check your personal record of planting numbers against your pay stubs. As noted above, pay stubs are emailed to employees by Head Office, at the end of each pay period. Please note that we do not send you a paper version of your pay stub while you are in camp; paper pay stubs will be mailed to your home address (the permanent address you indicate on your tax form). The only mail you might get from Head Office while you are in camp is a paycheque – and this is only for those who do not have direct deposit capacity. Camp locations change so frequently that it is not realistic to expect mail to catch up with you – so if your parents or loved ones would like to send you a care package, please ask them to send it to your camp address as soon as you know it – and only if your Project Manager has indicated there is a reasonable window in which the mail might safely arrive. Your ROE (Record of Employment) is a required document if you are applying for Employment Insurance. ROEs are now uploaded directly to HRSDC electronically; you do not need to request one, and they are no longer mailed out. This is a federally mandated change, rather than a Brinkman initiative. What is Brinkman’s camp cost? Brinkman does not impose a daily camp cost to cover infrastructure costs like other companies. Instead we have a Daily Production Adjustment (DPA) of $25 per work day. This is a tax free daily adjustment to your wages. The significant advantage to you is that while a camp cost is taxable, a DPA is not. Can I deduct my equipment purchases from my taxes? There are two ways to receive tax breaks if you plant trees in remote locations. Legally, you can only choose to employ one of the two methods: 1 . You can request a T2200 form from Brinkman to claim employment expenses, which you then submit with your taxes in the spring. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 38 However, you must request this directly from the head office – we do not give one to each planter. Often people who are claiming EI in the off-season choose this method. 2. The other method is by claiming Remote Work Allowance (RWA). You are eligible for an RWA for every day you earn money on the contract. RWA is a non-taxable allowance that recognizes that an employee incurs particular expenses when she or he is working at a special site away from home, for longer than 36 hours and greater than 200km from their home base. This can be a huge tax savings, and is available to most Brinkman planters. This is one of the many advantages of working with Brinkman, as most companies do not provide for RWA. (Note: planters who plan to apply for EI do not take RWA, because it decreases their insurable earnings and therefore the amount of their claim). A few other notes about RWA: • • • • RWA is paid on each paycheque, and is added on after CPP, EI and income tax are calculated and deducted. RWA is not insurable, as the employee does not pay EI premiums on these earnings. These earnings are therefore not included in your taxable income. Your earnings minus RWA is the amount that will show up on your Record of Employment (ROE). Your earnings minus RWA is the amount that will show up on your T4 at the end of the year. Please note: if you opt for RWA, we cannot provide you with a T2200. What about Vacation Pay? You will be quoted an “all-in” tree price, as well as a net price per tree. For example, if 11 cents per tree is the quoted “all-in” rate, the net price per tree is 10.577 cents plus .423 cents in vacation pay. This means that you are paid vacation pay each pay period. Both the “all-in” tree price and the net price per tree will show up on your paysheet. What do I have to sign before I start planting? Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. requires that all planters sign a Planter’s Agreement before they start working for us. This document outlines our administration practices and employment conditions, and we ask that you sign it to acknowledge that you have read it and understood it. It is not an employment contract and does not change your Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 39 rights as an employee or commit you to pay any fines – whether for quality, leaving early, or arriving late. We will also ask you to fill out an Employee Information form, a Medical Information form, a Provincial Tax form, a Federal Tax form, and you may fill out an RWA form if you choose to take RWA. What if I find mistakes on my paystubs? Although we endeavour to correctly input and process your payroll, we do make mistakes on occasion. Please keep track of the number of trees you plant for your own records. When you receive your pay stubs during and after the contract, you will be able to double check these numbers. Do not rely on your memory – you will forget. If there is a discrepancy we can correct it. Please contact your Project Manager about any payroll discrepancies you may have; if you are unable to get in touch with your Project Manager, please contact your Regional Manager about these corrections. All spring plant corrections must be made by August 15th. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 40 Equipment List for Brinkman Tree Planters For first year planters, there is a serious investment involved in gathering together everything you will need for the bush, and in making your way up to your first contract. It is not unusual for an inexperienced planter to spend $500-$1000 buying all the necessary equipment. Your best bet is to check out second hand stores and army surplus stores. But don’t be too cheap – you do want the big-ticket items (your tent, sleeping bag, boots, shovel and planting bags) to last more than one season. These purchases are investments that should last several planting seasons. We reserve the right to stop you from working if any of your equipment is inadequate for the conditions. This is one of our responsibilities as Managers. On certain projects we will sell tree planting bags and shovels. Please check with your Project Manager to find out if we will have gear available to sell on the project you are going to. We do not sell or provide personal PPE and you will not be able to plant without it. Please make sure you bring all the required PPE with you. If you are unsure of what equipment you need to bring, please ask for clarification before arriving at the mustering location. Please also remember to bring your ID. You will need your SIN, a voided personal cheque, and your health card. YOU MUST BRING A VOIDED CHEQUE TO ENABLE DIRECT DEPOSIT OF YOUR EARNINGS. Personal Camping Equipment You will be living in your tent for at least two months. Please make sure your setup is comfortable and dry! You will require the following: • • • • • Personal tent with rain fly and ground sheet. Ensure it has bug-proof netting on the windows, and that the zippers are in good working order. The bugs want to eat you alive at night, but you don’t want to give them the opportunity, right? Any sized tent is fine, but you will need to fit yourself and all your gear in it. Please ensure that the netting is no- see-um proof – this means the mesh is really fine. Large tarp, to protect your tent from the elements. This should be at least 1.5 times bigger than your tent. Rope, to keep the tarp from flapping in the wind, and to keep it up so it doesn’t touch your fly walls and inhibit their rain proofness. Warm sleeping bag. It should be rated –15o C. Being cold can keep you up all night long. Extra blankets + a pillow, to add to the warmth and comfort of your sleeping bag. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 41 • Foamie, Thermarest, or air mattress, as well as a pump to blow up the mattress. Field and Safety Equipment • All of these items are required, unless otherwise stated by your Hiring Manager or Project Manager. They must also fit inside your daypack, as you will be bring them to the block with you every day. Waterproof daypacks are recommended. • Hard hat. Some – but not all – of our contracts require planters to wear a hard hat. All Ontario contracts require a hard hat, but most other provinces don’t require them to be worn every day –as long as they available in case of overhead hazards. Please bring a hard hat no matter where you work. Climbing helmet. In BC only, the provincial regulations allow for treeplanters to use a “Rock Climbers Helmet,” which must be formally approved by the Union of International Alpine Association Standard (UIAA)’s Standard 106 Mountaineering and Climbing Equipment Helmets. Headgear meeting this standard protects against blunt impact hazards to the head, but cannot not be used in place of conventional safety headgear in cases where the ventilation holes on the climbing helmet may expose the worker to hazards from small rigid objects such as nails, or in cases where flame resistance is required. This means that the client on your contract may disallow use of climbing helmets, as it is at their discretion; please check with your Project Manager or Hiring Manager regarding the acceptability of climbing helmets on your contract. Climbing helmets are not approved for use outside of BC. • • • • • • Hi-viz vests are required on all projects. Your local work wear store will have several options, such as breathable mesh hi-viz tee shirts, or hi-viz straps. MEC stocks hi-viz biking vests, which are very light and breathable. Neoprene style wrist braces. Most pharmacies (even in small towns) have neoprene style wrist braces that make planting more comfortable, and can help prevent injury. Cycling gloves can also help; these are not mandatory, but are highly recommended. Planting bags and shovel. More details on following pages. Silvicool bags. Silver-lined inserts which slide into your in planting bags and keep seedlings cool. These are must on all contracts in Alberta and BC, but are not usually necessary for workers in Manitoba or Ontario. Plot cord. All planters, whether green or experienced, are required to bring their own 3.99 metre plot cord to monitor quality and density. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 42 You may make your own out of a suitably tough rope or clothesline, but we recommend bringing material to camp and asking your Foreperson to give you a hand with this one. Good rain gear. You will need both coats and pants. Don’t buy your gear too big or too tight, because you will have to work in it. Don’t buy cheap materials – they can’t stand up to the block. Go to an army surplus and buy used Wetskins, and you will be happy you did! The flexible neoprene raingear is a good durable option; consider layering with wool underneath. Work Gloves. Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. considers work gloves to be part of your mandatory safety equipment. Duct tape does not provide proper protection from the places you will be putting your hands, day after day. Dirt has sticks and rocks in it, and gloves will extend the health and function of your hands. Here are some examples of what you may need: o Comfy gloves or mittens to keep your hands warm around camp, before and after work. Bring a few pairs, to make up for ones that get lost or wet. o For your work gloves, we recommend half-coated nitrile gloves, combined with a full (surgical style) disposable nitrile inner liner. Many people like the Viking or Atlas half rubber and half webbed ones from Marks Work Warehouse, or the thinner grey ones also sold at Marks. All gloves should be tight fitting. Buy extra pairs; having 6 on hand (see what we did there?) is not unreasonable. Surgical style nitrile liners can be found at Shopper Drug Mart, or any first aid supply store. o If your contract involves handling fertilizer, proper gloves are mandatory. Dish gloves do not provide adequate chemical protection. Ask your Project Manager for fertilizer information sheets and glove requirements. o Gloves with some aspect of impact mitigation are strongly recommended for all workers. Every inexperienced planter should arrive with one pair. These can range from cycling gloves (minimal protection) to more industrial styles. Check out the Impacto Website at www.impacto.ca for some excellent suggestions. • • • • • • Day pack. To carry your field gear (raingear, lunch, duct tape etc.). The dry bags from MEC are good options, as they are bright coloured, waterproof, and durable. These are a popular choice. Water containers adding up to at least 4 litres, including a small water bottle or Camelbak for use during your bag-ups. Some people prefer insulated containers, but a juice jug or industrial size salsa bottle will work too. Tupperware or less branded equivalent. To keep your lunch dry and un-squished. Bring more than one, to separate the gorp from the hummus. You will eat a lot – pack for large lunches! Thermos. Optional, but essential for nice warm coffee, tea or hot chocolate on rainy days. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 43 • • • • • • • • Swiss army knife. Sunglasses. Optional, but pretty awesome if you’re a squinter, and to protect your eyes from sticks. Notepad and pen. To write down your tree totals; waterproof notepads (brand name: Rite in the Rain) are great for this. Ziploc bags or mini dry bags. To carry tampons, toilet paper, and anything you don’t want to get wet. Bug dope. There are many name-brand versions that have DEET as the active ingredient in differing concentrations. Generally, the higher the concentration (up to 95%), the more effective the repellant is. However, some people have allergic reactions to commercial bug dope, and it does tend to melt some plastics. Many planters have opted for differing combinations of olive or vegetable oil, sometimes mixed with citronella oil, lavender, tea tree oil or other bug-repellant essential oils. Covering exposed skin in olive or vegetable oil will not repel black flies, but it will stop them from biting. You can also check your local outdoors store for new DEETfree products, which you may have to reapply more often – but which have the advantage of not melting your watch. Watson’s Cream bug dope is popular, but do your research and find your preference. Sun block. At least SPF 30, in a sweat proof and waterproof sport version. This is particular important early on in the season, when you haven’t been outside much. Make sure you wear a high SPF sunblock if you use olive or vegetable oil as your method of insect repellent. Duct tape. Buy at least one big roll of the good stuff. You will need it. Whistle. A vital piece of safety equipment for every contract. Often these are built into planting bags, but they tend to get gummed up and not work very well. Fox 40 whistles are always a good choice, as they are loud and relatively indestructible. You must bring a watch and an alarm clock: • An alarm clock is necessary to wake you up in the morning. If you have a tendency to sleep through your alarm buy a very loud alarm – or two. It is your responsibility to be on time, and your co-workers will not be happy if they have to wait for you in the morning. • A watch is necessary to time your bag outs, which is essential for setting and achieving production bench marks. A watch also ensures that you are in the truck or bus on time at the end of the day. Your co-workers will be bitter if you are still planting (and making money) while they are waiting in the truck for you at the end of the day. Do not arrive in camp without a watch and an alarm clock! Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 44 A note on sunscreen: Heat and sun related injuries remain one of the leading causes of lost production and wages. Wearing proper sun protection is not optional, and is part of your mandatory PPE (personal protective equipment) – just like wearing your seatbelt when you’re riding in a truck. Planters who do not protect themselves from the sun will be asked to do so by their crewboss. Bad sunburns have cost individual planters entire shifts of work. We spend months working outside for 9 hours a day – the tan will come if you want it to. Just let it happen slowly. Work Clothes Buy old or second-hand clothes, since your work clothes will take a beating. Many planters wear the same thing every day. White and light-coloured clothing is recommended, as darker colours attract bugs. In areas where ticks are problems, they are far easier to see against light clothing. Above all, bring what you are most comfortable in. Don’t underestimate the value of great block style – being beautiful and amazing on the block is inspiring for everyone, and could lead to a Planter Academy Award. • • Work pants. Planters wear a wide variety of pants. Tights (with or without courtesy shorts) are streamlined and stylish, but mosquitoes can bite through them unless they’re thick. Loose fitting pants (such as quick dry “rad pants,” army pants, cheap used cotton pants) are also popular, but they rip easily. Jeans are not permitted on the planting site – they are not appropriate work gear for this job. Work Shirts. T-shirts, undershirts and light cotton men’s dress shirts are good for hot weather. For cold weather, it is good to have a number of layers (shirts and sweaters and jackets) that can be adjusted as the weather changes. Cotton is good when it is Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 45 • • • • • • • • hot, but for cold days, wool (such as Stanfield woolies or Merino), polypro and fleece are better. There are many hi-viz shirts out there, which are a really smart choice. There are many benefits to being visible out there! Socks. You can never have too many socks. Layering a thin polypro sock under a pair of wool – or better yet SmartWool – socks will make your feet very happy, both in terms of warmth and in reduction of friction. Gore-Tex socks work well and keep your feet dry, but they are pricey. Gloves or mitts for around camp. Leather work gloves are a great idea if you plan to help out with or learn about equipment, as well as for camp moves. Cozy mitts are one of those items that make a big difference on damp evenings in camp. Wrist, knee, ankle or back braces. These are on an asneeded basis, for those who are prone to injuries in these areas. Basic, inexpensive, neoprene supports are available at most drug stores or supermarkets – even in the small towns we work in – and are a good investment. Bandana. Optional. To sop up the sweat under your hard hat Hats. Baseball/trucker caps and summer hats are obvious for sun protection, but warm toques are critical for those days when the weather is extreme in the other direction. Plan to be cozy. Long underwear. Polypro, not cotton. To sleep in on cold nights or to wear under your clothes on those cold mornings. Shin pads. Many of planters (who plant lots of trees and move aggressively through the land) wear shin pads, typically made for soccer or for mountain biking. You can push your way through slash more easily, which means fewer injuries. You will also have the ability to move more quickly, because you will be less worried about lower leg injuries. Gaiters. Some planters use gaiters to protect their shins, and to keep dirt/twigs/water from getting into their boots. Boots Your work boots are probably the most important purchase you will make. CSA approved (green triangle) boots with ankle support are recommended. However, what constitutes ‘The right boot’ is quite regionally specific. We recommend talking to your Project Manager or Regional Manager before purchasing boots for the season, particularly if this is your first time planting. Some areas require specialized boots (CSA, steel toes, Caulked), some areas are very wet, and some regions are steeper and have more wood debris, so getting a recommendation from someone that knows is imperative. General qualities to look for in a boot: Light weight, yet tough and well stitched (less seams are better), a good tread, water proof or water resistant, good ankle support, some breathability, and as comfortable as possible. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 46 Take your time in the store, walk around, try them with a couple of pairs of socks, and buy an extra pair of laces. Some boots, particularly rubber caulks, are designed to be worn with ‘Bama socks’ – see below – so need to be fitted with them on (if you’re buying Bamas, make sure you pick up at least 2 pair). Some planters bring both CSA-approved work boots for the block, and soft-toe rubber boots for around camp. Please note that some contracts do not allow planters to use Blundstones as their work boots. The following are various types of boots: • • • • Hiking boots. You can get steel-toed hiking boots, but the cheap ones often fall apart before the end of the season. Leather or nylon work boots. If you get leather boots, make sure they aren’t overly heavy or higher than mid-calf. Leather boots become very heavy when they’re wet, and very stiff when they dry out. Bring boot grease to maintain them. Rubber boots (with insoles or a “Bama” type sockette). Optional, but nice to wear in wet and muddy situations. These can also be a backup pair if your other boots wear out. Steel toed rubber boots are available. Caulk boots (pronounced ‘cork’). These are only required in BC, but they are mandatory for planting on many BC contracts. Caulk boots might be a good purchase if part of your season is in BC. Some planters will choose to buy non-caulk boots, and have caulks installed after market. Look into this option if you are prone to blisters, as caulk boots are typically not as soft or supportive as other high-quality work boots. Suggested Extras • • • • • • Clothes for the days off. Bring warm and comfortable clothes, including a toque, gloves and long johns, for the nights and days off. Bring costumes and fun clothes for our theme parties, and a swimsuit. Toiletries. The less scented the better, because they attract biting insects. As biodegradable as possible, for our fragile ecosystem. Foot powder will come in handy, as will a nail brush. Sewing kit. To fix holes in tents, pants, planting bags etc. First Aid kit. Bring remedies for bee stings, Polysporin or other topical antibiotic, Moleskin for blisters, Band-aids, Tylenol/ibuprofen, cough medicine, and other items as you deem necessary If you are allergic to anything, please bring your own Epi-pen and/or anti-histamine tablets, and please ensure you speak directly with the first aid attendant. Ladies: bring tampons with applicators, baby wipes, and an over the counter yeast Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 47 • • • • • • • infection remedy. These are all vital resources in the dirty planting world. Mosquito coils. To de-bug your tent or dinner table. Towel. Big enough to cover you while you run back to your tent from the shower tent/trailer. Writing stuff, books, cards, calculator, to figure out how much $$ you made, and write home about it. MP3 player. Plus a waterproof bag to keep it dry on wet days. You must keep your iPod or MP3 player at a volume level that allows you to hear foreman instructions, outside warnings and hazards. Flash light and /or headlamp. Very important to be able to safely get back and forth to your tent in the dark. Extra batteries. Cell phone. Most camp sites don’t have cell coverage. As cell towers are built, town coverage has increased, and it is safe to say that most towns in Alberta will have service. Town coverage in BC, Manitoba and Ontario is still patchy, but it is increasing. Cell phones could easily get wrecked over the course of the season, so please take care of yours. Bags and Shovels You are required to provide your own tree planting shovel and tree-planting bags. On certain projects we will have them available for purchase. Please check with your Project Manager to see if we will sell them on the project you are going to. They will cost about $160 together. This can be an expensive part of starting your tree-planting career, but these items are investment purchases which you will be using for many years. Planting bags are fairly standard these days. They should have a padded waist belt, padded shoulder straps and at least three bags. Many planters use a flagging tape pouch as well. One of the biggest debates among tree planters is whether to use a Dhandle or staff (long, straight-handled) shovel. Although the majority of planters use D-handle shovels, Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. does not recommend one over the other, as both shovels have advantages and disadvantages. More importantly, you should buy a shovel that fits your body. In the past, planters have arrived in camp with a wide variety of shovels, all of which needed modifications. Because you will be throwing this shovel into the ground thousands of times a day, it needs to be light Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 48 and streamlined for optimal performance. With this in mind, you should look for a shovel that has: • • • • • A short 22cm blade. This is the IDEAL length, and the minimum blade length is 20 cm. The blade may have one “kicker” (side of the blade that you step on) removed. Do not buy a shovel with both kickers removed. In many of our camps, we will have a staff member assigned to use a power grinder hand tool. Given the safety regulations with which we must comply, use of these tools is highly controlled, and we cannot guarantee that we will be able to modify your shovel after you arrive in camp. If you are able to have your shovel blade modified before you arrive, the photos below show some of your options. The photos on the left show some guidelines for modification; the photos on the right show 3 different shovels with varying modifications. A shorter shaft than the “off the shelf” shovel is recommended for all but the tallest of planters. Most of our best planters shorten the shaft enough that when holding the shovel by the handle, the blade will just skim the ground when swung with an extended arm. This may seem short – but it lightens the shovel, reduces injuries on your shoulder (because you don’t have to lift it as high), and is more maneuverable and enables you to plant a better tree. Being this short will make you bend down – but you have to bend down to put the tree in anyway. It will mean more money in your pocket! Both Bushpro (look for the Highballer shovel) and Workwizer make a modified shovel. The stainless steel blades are lighter, and therefore recommended. http://www.workwizer.ca/ While you can buy a shovel anywhere tree planting equipment is sold, it must be modified to correctly fit your body. It’s best to do any shovel modifications before you arrive on the project, so that you are learning with the right tool on day one. That said, if you are unsure about how to modify your shovel, please wait Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 49 until you get to camp. We will be able to help you adjust it, though it might not be right away. You can also buy second-hand gear from ex-planters, but you should make sure it is in good shape; check the stitching on the bags, and make sure the shovel isn’t too tall or too heavy, and that the blade is at least 20 cm long. Again, you will need to make sure that any used shovel you get has been modified to correctly fit your particular body. Your shovel must be a proper, dedicated tree planting shovel. Gardening spades from Canadian Tire or Lee Valley will not work. They will be funny for about 5 trees and then really not funny. Spend some time on http://www.tree-planter.com for more information the pros and cons of both shovel types, as well as more general information on tree planting. Please remember your Silvicool bags. You will need at least 2 for Alberta and BC, but it’s best to ask your Project Manager about your particular contract. Silvicool bags are not required for Ontario projects. Where to buy planting equipment Most planters these days buy their equipment online. There are a few places that sell shovels and bags in store, but if you live outside a major city, online is the way to go. Gear Up For Outdoors Thunder Bay, Ontario 807-345-0001 toll free 1-800-304-4275 www.gear-up.com Universal Field Supplies Mississauga, Ontario 905-795-1610 1-800-387-4940 www.ufsupplies.ca Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 50 K.B.M. Forestry Consulting Thunder Bay, Ontario 807-344-0811 1-800-465-3001 www.kbm.on.ca Bushpro Supplies Inc. Vernon, B.C. Canada Phone: (250) 260-2808 Toll Free: 1-888-601-COOL e-mail: mike@bushpro.ca Workwizer CAWSTON, BC 1-866-SHOVEL9 (746-8359) email. shovelz@workwizer.ca web. http://www.workwizer.ca/ Commercial Solutions / Raeside Equipment Vancouver, BC Order Desk 1 604 717 4000 Commercial Solutions http://www.csinet.ca/ Calgary AB (403) 279 7744 Edmonton, AB (780) 439-2026 Grand Prairie, AB (780) 439-2026 Coquitlam, BC (604) 927-5800 Prince George, BC (250) 564-2584 IRL (Industrial Reproductions Ltd) Prince George BC Order Desk 250-562-2185 1-800-663-6843 Deakin Equipment www.deakin.com/ Vancouver, BC (604) 253-2685 Ono’s Work & Safety Nanaimo, BC Phone : (250) 390-4556 Toll Free : (888) 390-6667 Also in Courteney & Surrey BC A1 Safety Duncan, B.C.Phone - (250)748-4232 After the Plant Other Available Work Brinkman works in many parts of Canada, with crews out in some place or other most months of the year. This is a key benefit of working with Brinkman, as we have the longest seasons available with a single company. BC: Coastal and Interior: Work opportunities are limited during the ‘winter’ months of October, November, Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 51 December and January, but there are sometimes small contracts doing planting-related work such as cone removal or brushing. The spring coastal plants typically start up in late February, and provides a select group of planters with steady work until the rest of the country starts planting in late April or early May. The main spring/summer season (off the coast) usually lasts from late April through to the start of August, and we typically have coastal fall plants starting in late August and running until early October. Coastal positions are typically reserved for planters who have worked with us before, and who have demonstrated their ability to meet the particular challenges of this kind of work. If you are interested in spring or fall coastal work, call or email John Beaton, at john_beaton@brinkman.ca or 250. 400. 0987. Contact John early (in December or early January), because space is limited and positions always fill quickly. Alberta & Ontario: If you are interested in more work after the spring/summer contracts (from late April until the end of July), Brinkman has a variety of options. We typically have August & September plants in Ontario, as well as thinning and surveying work in Ontario through September and October. Later in the Ontario fall, we also run slashpileburning contracts. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 52 Urban Restoration: We have urban restoration projects running year round in the Lower Mainland of BC, as well as in Southern Ontario. Check out the Brinkman Restoration website brinkmanrestoration.ca for more information and contacts. For Urban Restoration work, contact John Grindon at: john_grindon@brinkman.ca. Positions for work after the main season are limited, and are awarded by seniority, work ethic, and availability. Some years we may have work for most of our planters who request it, and other years we can only accommodate our most experienced planters and staff. For an update on extra available work, please check the job opportunities page on brinkman.ca, or contact Timo, Matt or Judi (contact info on page 3). Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 53 Christmas Party Each year Brinkman puts on some Christmas Parties, typically in Toronto and Vancouver. We are always open to hosting more, if people are interested in other regions. We try to situate them in a central bar or pub, and encourage as many people as possible to come. Planters are encouraged to bring season photos, as well as friends who may want to plant with us next year. We will contact you in the fall with dates and locations. If you have any ideas, please let us know. We do this to thank everyone who poured so much into the season – and to allow people to get together with their planting friends with whom they grew so close over a long season in the trenches! Next Year Apply on-line (www.plantingtheplanet.ca ) as a “returning planter.” We highly value our planters, and like to provide work for them in the future when available positions permit. We also often email returning planters in December and January, with information about the coming spring. If you do not hear from us please reach out via email or through our website with the returning planters form. We endeavour to accommodate requests and return planters to their camp of choice, or move them to other camps in other locations when possible. Hiring Our hiring season begins in early January. While we primarily hire new recruits through our website (www.plantingtheplanet.ca), the most important hiring technique we have is word of mouth. We encourage you to recommend Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. to your friends, and to both experienced and inexperienced planters. Your referrals often make the best planters--as long as you know that these people would make great planters, and are people you would enjoy having in camp. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 54 A Career with Brinkman A career in planting?! It may sound strange for those who look at the business as a quick way to pay for university or save for traveling, but for many (of us!) it has developed into a more or less full time job. For a start, a full season of planting – coast spring, BC interior/ Alberta/ Ontario spring & summer, coast fall – is pretty much 7 or 8 months on the shovel, and can be extremely lucrative. Viewing, bidding, and preparing for next seasons’ work occupy our Project Managers and senior Forepersons for much of the fall and pre-season, leaving precious little ‘down time.’ Brinkman provides training at all levels, and the management experience gained by those hardy and quick thinking souls who choose to take a leadership role is invaluable. We provide a steady stream of on the job training, as well as off-season courses and upgrades to our Managers. Every year there are a few openings for new Forepersons, Logistics Managers, and Quality Assessors on many of our crews. These entry level management positions can often lead to Project Management (Supervisor) opportunities for persons with the right attributes. It’s not for everyone, but those that do always value the experience whether they continue in the industry or utilize their skills elsewhere. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 55 Appendix One: Safe Work Practice Tree Planting SAFE WORK PRACTICE TREE PLANTING Hazard Rating: Moderate Dangers: • Slips and falls – from height and from same level • Weather related illness – hypothermia and/or heat stroke • General illness • Wildlife encounter • Muscle strain (repetitive and general) • Becoming lost • Exposure to toxic substances (Sour gas, fertilizer, pesticides etc.) Contributing Factors: • Failure to use PPE (including appropriate clothing) • Use of inappropriate tools, such as poor shovel length • Inadequately trained workers • Not knowing how to properly “walk” in uneven, steep, rocky or swampy terrain with weighted bags • Fatigue • Dehydration • Working too fast for your skill level • Impaired hearing due to listening to music too loud • Inadequate intake of food • Failure to seek first aid/medical attention • Poor lifting techniques • Lack of supervision • Working alone • Poor personal hygiene Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 56 Safe Work Practices: • Attend each Project Orientation for information on hazards specific to that worksite. • Understand and know your safety responsibilities, relevant company policies, reporting procedures and camp rules. • Review specific SWPs for various activities, as outlined in this manual. • Ensure you are properly trained for the job at hand. • Report to work with adequate food and water for the day. • Know what PPE you are required to wear, and do so. • Always wear proper footwear. • Always wear caulk boots when walking on logs, and keep your caulks sharp. • Arrive in as good as physical shape as possible. • Stretch often throughout the day. • Always carry dry clothes, raingear, and sunscreen to use as needed. • Dress appropriately for the weather. Keep clothing and hair contained so as to not get caught or snagged on branches or equipment. • It is not recommended to wear jewelry at the worksite, as it may become caught on branches, or cause irritation or blisters. • Only listen to music at a level whereby you can hear Emergency signals and/or people or wildlife behind you. Be aware of your surroundings. It is recommended to wear only one ear bud, so that one ear is able to hear. • Know your limits and report to your supervisor if you are feeling overly tired, ill, injured or otherwise unqualified to perform your job safely. • Do not overload your bags or carry weight beyond your capability. • Do not twist your back when putting loaded tree bags on or moving tree boxes; bend with your legs. • Do not jump off the back of a truck. Back down and maintain 3 points of contact. • Avoid jumping off logs. • Avoid walking on logs which appear to have been burnt, rotten loose bark, are suspended, or are covered with snow, ice, or frost. • Use caution when moving across uneven, slashy or steep terrain. Do not assume the ground is stable. Test hand and foot holds before putting your whole weight down. • Use caution when walking on rock surfaces with caulks; try to go around rocks if possible. • Do not carry your shovel over your shoulder. If you stumble you may clock yourself in the head with the blade. • Keep the weight of your bags as balanced as possible. • Keep your whistle with you at all times. Make sure you are given a radio and/or clear check-in procedures if working alone. • Wear hi-viz clothing while working, so that your foreman can more easily see you. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 57 • Know the emergency evacuation signals and plan for every block, as well as where to find information you need, such as your physical location. • Keep your bags and shovel in good working order. Ensure your shovel is the proper length for your height. • Work with gloves on; remove them when eating or smoking. Wash hands or use wet- nap type wipes as often as possible when eating or going to the washroom. • Know what to do in the event of an encounter with wildlife. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 58 Appendix Two: Tree Planter – Job Description BRINKMAN & ASSOCIATES REFORESTATION LTD. POSITION DESCRIPTION Job Title: Tree Planter Reporting To: Foreperson Job Summary: Under the direction of the foreperson, ensures that trees are properly planted according to contract specifications. Takes responsibility for proper coverage of the assigned area, stock handling, and tracking of personal tree numbers planted. RESPONSIBILITIES 1. Report for work ready and fit at the assigned times, or inform foreperson of inability to do so. 2. Ensure that stock for planting is correctly cached, following loading of tree bags. 3. Inform foreperson of area coverage and requirements, as well as any anomalies observed in the field related to planting or stock allocation. 4. Ensure that high quality standards are maintained. 5. Keep accurate records of trees planted. 6. Remain informed as to the standards of quality and performance which are expected by the company and the client. 7. Inform the foreperson of any client concerns communicated to the planter, and to assist the foreperson in effective client liaison. 8. Participate in camp set up, maintenance, and take down, in order to facilitate camp moves. 9. Perform your job in a safe manner, and to inform others of unsafe situations. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 59 Appendix Three: Sample Training Day Timeline Time 8:00 – 8:30 8:30 – 9:00 9:00 – 10:30 Topic Objectives The crew will have gained an understanding of the client, project and time frame to planting General Introduction Planters will have all paperwork filled out prior to planting Paperwork The crew will understand the Brinkman OH&S program, and the client’s safety concerns Safety Detailed Topics • Introduction of members of the client’s staff • Introduction of Brinkman key field staff • Review project specifications: workdays, schedules • Background: Brinkman & Associates • Safety committee • Safety forms (medical info, etc) • Tax forms • • • • • • Brinkman worker’s safety booklet WHMIS Driving rules and safety Bear safety Camp safety, camp tour, hygiene, cleanliness Responsibilities and accountabilities • Project specific safety hazards • Emergency communication plan 30 min Break 11:001:00 Safety The crew will understand other safety and environmental programs and certification 1 hour Lunch Break Eat lunch, drive out to the block 2:00 – 2:30 Background info: Seedling growing, physiology, limiting factors to growth Topic 1 Microsite Selection 2:30 – 4:30 Planters will gain background knowledge into seedling physiology, and the practical applications to their work, helping to answer “WHY” they are asked to plant under particular The crew will understand specific microsite requirements of the client and of the SFL. They will gain a higher understanding of the impact of microsite selection and planting through visual evidence. Topic 2 Stock Handling Specifications The crew will have gained an understanding of the specific stock handling standards required on the project and understand the relationship between seedling physiology and the reasons for the Topic 3 Planting Perfect Tree Planters will know the approved planting technique for maximum growth and survivability the Topic 4 Throwing a Plot Planters will understand how a plot is thrown and the quality measurement system. This will also result in the planters gaining a better understanding of spatial requirements when planting. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 • • • • Our camp and work as it relates to ISO 14001 EMS S-102 Fire Suppression Operating Procedures – and everyone’s roles • General seedling growth cycles – natural • Seedling growth – nursery schedules • Limiting factors to seedling growth performance: light, warmth, moisture, competition • Maximizing seedling survival and growth via microsite selection • Specific goals of the different scarification types • Variances in raw plant and site prep. How to maximize microsite selection • Review of the stock handling standards for project • Demonstrations of bagging up without damaging trees • Unbundling limited numbers of trees • Relate seedling physiology to stock handling • Methods of ensuring no J-Roots • Opening a sufficient hole for the stock we will be planting • Closing the hole tight without compacting the roots in (and impeding growth) • WHY and WHEN plots are thrown • Explanation of plot methodology • How to throw a plot, and specifics of what to look for • Practice throwing a plot 60 Appendix Four: Letter for Your Parents / Loved Ones Hello, We have hired your son/daughter/loved one to plant for Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. this summer. We want to let you know a few things about Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd., planting, and getting in touch with the planter you know and love. Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. is one of the oldest and most respected silviculture companies in Canada. We have led Canada's silviculture industry and set operational, innovation, safety, and employee earnings standards for the past 35 years. If you would like more information about Brinkman - please go to our portal website at brinkman.ca. Traditionally, there are ~ 1,000 Brinkman employees in the summers, ranging across BC, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Ontario. We have ~18 bush camps, and about the same number of projects working out of motels, boats, lodges, or other accommodations. We place planters in camps according to each contract’s particular needs and – whenever possible – a planter’s request and geographic proximity. The start dates for Alberta and BC are typically in late April, and tend to finish in the last week of July. Generally we see about 60 work days for these contracts. Dates change quite frequently, as our business is dependent on the snow melt, and finish dates are dependent upon start dates as well as how quickly we plant the trees. Most planters will only work in May, June, and July. For our best planters, there are also opportunities to plant in Ontario in August, and your planter may get work on these contracts. Hopefully they will let you know if they do! The extra work offers excellent earning potential. If you need to get in touch with your planter during the season and cannot wait until the day off, please email your planter’s Project Manager and copy it to her or his Regional Manager. We have email access in most of our camps and our Project Managers are able to check in regularly. If the camp does not have email access, the Regional Manager will contact the Project Manager through one of their daily check-ins. If it is an emergency, please call the appropriate Regional Manager. She or he will be able to get in touch with Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 61 your planter. There are radio or satellite phones in every camp, which we reserve for emergency uses such as the above. If your planter is working in: Alberta or Saskatchewan: Contact Judi Tetro at 780-237-1301 (cell), or judi_tetro@brinkman.ca. Ontario or Manitoba: Contact Neil Whan at 807-632-2508 (cell), or neil_whan@brinkman.ca. British Columbia Interior: Contact Matt Robertson at 250-709-7070 (cell) or matt_robertson@brinkman.ca. British Columbia Coast: Contact John Beaton at 250-400-0987 (cell) or john_beaton@brinkman.ca. We will forward the Project Manager’s email addresses and cell phone numbers to your planter in late April. If you can only call, please note that you will most likely only be able to leave a message, as the camps are often outside of cell range. Although we often work 3 or 4 days on and 1 day off, occasionally we have to vary this schedule. If you expected to hear from your planter on a day off and did not: please do not worry. The most likely reason is a variation in schedule – or that she or he forgot to call. We do keep track of our planters and if anything did happen, we would let you know immediately. Mail is very important to your planter. Whenever possible, we send the camp address out pre-season so that people like yourselves can send care packages and letters. Remember however, if your mail does not get to the post office before the end of the season, you may never see it again. We leave the area within a few days of project completion. A few other notes: Safety: We are very conscious of the fact that many of our planters are working away from home for the first time. Many of us are also parents ourselves (and we often have our toddlers in camp with us). We have an extensive Occupational Health and Safety Program, as well as a thorough Training Program. Your planter will be made aware of our safety precautions and any dangers they may face working in the bush. They will also be made aware that they can refuse to do ANY work they feel unsafe doing. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 62 We have various communications devices (radio phones, cell phones, satellite phones and Spot Trackers or In Reach devices) in every camp. We also have an Emergency Response Plan, as well as First Aid Attendants in all of our camps. We follow all applicable Ministry of Labour and WSIB/WCB regulations, and make every effort to take good care of our planters. Pay: We pay our planters using direct deposit twice a month, and pay is calculated on earnings to the 15th and the last day of each month. Pay stubs are emailed to each planter at the end of each pay period, and paper copies are mailed to our planters’ permanent addresses. Pay periods are bimonthly in most provinces, and monthly in Ontario; if your planter is working in Ontario, she or he will receive a mid-month advance via direct deposit. It takes two weeks to process the payroll sent from the field to Head Office. The first payment (usually for the pay period May 1st through 15th, presuming your planter began work in early May) will be deposited in the first week of June. Planters will continue to receive a bi-weekly pay deposit thereafter. Sometimes there are delays, as we are working in remote situations and relying on computers and email to send in the payroll. We always endeavour to pay your planter as soon as we can. Please Note: If the planter does not bring a voided cheque to establish direct deposit into her or his bank account, we cannot direct deposit his or her pay. If this is the case, we send a cheque to the project location during the season, and to their home address after the season. We are able to provide one cheque advance per pay period, which planters can deposit into their accounts on their day off. These are advances for spending money only, and we will not be able to cut large cheques for rent or similar expenses. Planters must make their own arrangements to cover costs while they are working with us. Leaving the Contract: If your planter is injured or you have a family emergency, we will drive him or her to the nearest bus or train station as soon as we can. If a planter is “quitting,” we will drive them to town at a time that is convenient for us. We will ask them to contact people at home if this is the case, but we cannot guarantee this will happen. Planting is not for everyone. Although we endeavour to hire the right people for the job, planting is very difficult work, and sometimes people have to go home early. We strongly recommend that your planter gets into great physical shape for the job – please refer to Dr. Delia Roberts’ Fit to Plant program, as located here: http://selkirk.ca/tree-planting. We expect our planters to go to work every day, and we expect them to work hard when they are out there. We spend a lot of time training planters and giving them continuous feedback – but the rest is up to them to make it work. It’s not easy! We have an exceptionally high success rate with our planters – one of the highest in the industry – and we try to create an atmosphere in our camps that is fun, safe, and profitable. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 63 If you have any questions, please contact the Head Office at contact@brinkman.ca, or call us at 604-521-7771. You can also access the information on our portal website (www.brinkman.ca), and contact the specific Manager under whom your loved one is working. Although we are busy at this time of year, it is important to us to take the time to answer your questions. Thanks, Senior Managers of Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Copyright held by Brinkman & Associates Reforestation Ltd. Updated March 2015 64