Exploring Insight of Shankhaprakshalana

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VOL 3
ISSUE 6 (2015)
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AYURVEDA & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
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Impact Factor (2014) – 0.815 by International Scientific Indexing (ISI) UAE
EXPLORING INSIGHT OF SHANKHAPRAKSHALANA
Sneha Borkar 1*, Prachi Dalvi 2, Sachin Uplenchwar3
1.
PG Scholar, Dept. of Swasthavritta, R. A. Podar Medical College (Ayu.), Worli, Mumbai, Contact
No.+919975405822, Email – sborkar49@gmail.com
2.
Associate Professor, Dept. of Swasthavritta, R. A. Podar Medical College (Ayu.), Worli, Mumbai,
Contact No. +919987155771, Email – drprachidalvi@gmail.com
3.
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Swasthavritta, R. A. Podar Medical College (Ayu.), Worli, Mumbai,
Contact No. +919604303672, Email – sachinuplenchwar555@gmail.com
Article Received on - 25th Oct 2015
- 5th Dec 2015
Article Revised on
Article Accepted on - 16th Dec 2015
Page
(Full Text Available @ www.ijaam.org)
285
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Sneha Borkar et.al., Exploring Insight of Shankhaprakshalana, Int. J. Ayu. Alt. Med., 2015; 3(6):285-289
VOL 3
ISSUE 6 (2015)
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EXPLORING INSIGHT OF SHANKHAPRAKSHALANA
*Corresponding Author
Sneha Borkar
PG Scholar,
Dept. of Swasthavritta,
R. A. Podar Medical College
(Ayu.), Worli, Mumbai,
Contact No.+919975405822,
Email – sborkar49@gmail.com
QR Code IJAAM
ABSTRACT:
Shankhaprakshalana is one of the major Hatha Yoga practice described under the
heading of Dhauti Kriya. According to Sage Gheranda, one who practices this Kriya,
purifies the impurities of the body, removes all the toxins and gets a luminous body.
It is the technique of cleaning entire gastrointestinal tract with salt water. Salt
water is prepared by adding 2 teaspoon of salt in one liter of water so that it
becomes an isotonic solution. Being an isotonic solution it does not absorbed by the
gut and with the help of different Kriyas it gets evacuated by the intestines. This
practice expels all impurities from the digestive tract and thereby helps to purify
the system. In this paper the efforts has been made to explore the probable action
of the Shankhaprakshalana Kriya on gastrointestinal tract so that the water can be
evacuated out by cleaning the entire passage.
Key Words: Yoga, Kriya, Shankhaprakshalana, Isotonic solution
www.ijaam.org
DIDS: 02.2016-94428668
‘Dhauti’ means to wash, clean or purify. It is
internal cleansing technique which is divided into
many kinds and one of them is Varisara Dhauti
which is also known as Shankhaprakshalana.[6] It
is one of the major Hatha Yoga practices which is
an effective technique for cleansing the
gastrointestinal tract with salt water, thereby
removing all the auto intoxicants present in it. The
MATERIAL AND METHOD
References have been collected from all available
yoga literatures, websites, published articles, and
also from modern books to support the
Shankhaprakshalana Kriya. To conclude the study
all available literatures and published articles
referred and a humble attempt has been made to
draw conclusion.
ShankhaprakshalanaThe word Shankhaprakshalana comes from two
words, Shankha meaning 'Conch' and Prakshalana
meaning 'to wash completely'. It is also known as
Varisara, cleans most of the internal parts of the
body with water. The word Varisara comes from
two words, Vari meaning 'water', and Sara
meaning 'essence'. In this Kriya water moves from
mouth, throat, stomach, small and large intestine
and finally comes out of the anus. This looks like
the cleaning of Shankha. Hence this cleaning Kriya
(Varisara) is called by the name body cleaning
Shankhaprakshalana. It has been placed at the top
of all the cleansing processes. It is said that, one,
who practices this Kriya, purifies the impurities of
286
The word 'Kriya' or 'Karma' is used in Hatha Yoga
regarding the techniques of cleaning. When fat or
mucus is excessive, the Shatkarmas or six cleansing
techniques should be practiced before Pranayama.
Others, in whom the Tridoshas (i.e. phlegm, wind
and bile) are balanced, need not do them. [5, 16]
With regular cleaning of the system one can get
maximum benefit from Yoga practices.
various metabolic acids and chemical wastes
causing stiffness, lethargy and heaviness are
washed away by this technique. It also creates a
repair action which affects the lungs, nervous
system, skin, sinus area and hence helps to
maintain the total health of body. By removing the
impurities of the Nadis, the air can be controlled
according to one’s wish, the appetite is increased,
the divine sound is awakened, and the body
becomes healthy.
Page
INTRODUCTION:
Yoga is an ancient science. Acharya Patanjali has
stated that Yoga is to gain control over
modifications of mind or Chittavritti [1] which can
be achieved by having control over breath or
Prana. [2] In the Pranayama technique, pressure is
created in thoracic and abdominal regions in
controlled and rhythmic manner. But it can be
achieved only when above passage is cleaned.
When the whole system of Nadis which is full of
impurities is cleaned, then the Yogi becomes able
to conserve the Prana. [3, 15] Hence it is necessary to
keep the large cavity between mouth and anus
healthy, clean and functional. To acquire this, there
are six kinds of Kriyas known as Shatkarma
mentioned in Hatha yoga pradipika viz. Dhauti,
Basti, Neti, Trataka, Nauli and Kapalabhati [4].
Technique:
Shankha Prakshalana should be performed on an
empty stomach putting on light, comfortable
clothing. Bed tea or coffee should also be avoided.
It is advisable to take a light, semi-liquid meal the
night before undertaking this practice.
On the day of kriya, the solution of salt and water is
used in which non iodized sea salt 2 teaspoon is
added in 1 liter lukewarm water of body
temperature (360C) so that it will become nearly
equal to isotonic solution. [8] Likewise near about
10 liter solution should be prepared.
1. Initially two glasses of warm water should be
taken quickly.
2. Thereafter without wasting any time the
following Kriyas should be performed
dynamically, eight times each in the correct
sequence; Tadakriya, Tiryak Tadakriya,
Katichakrakriya,
Tiryak
Bhujangakriya,
Udarakarshana kriya.
3. After this if there is any movement in the
bowels then it should be evacuated and if not,
again two glasses of water should be taken
and the Kriyas should be performed in same
order and number.
4. Straining should be avoided during
defecation.
5. This process of drinking water, performing
the Kriyas and going to the toilet when the
pressure builds up is continued till the clear
water is evacuated through rectum.
Sixteen glasses are generally required before
perfectly clean water is evacuated, but it varies
from person to person. The speed at which one
completes the practice should not be compared
with that of others. This stage of the practice
should be performed in a relaxed way at one's own
speed.
Rest: After the entire procedure is over, it is
advisable to take rest for 45 minutes preferably in
Shavasan in silence. Sleeping should be avoided in
order to avoid complete cessation of intestinal
activity. Complete rest should be taken on the day
of Kriya and also the following day.
.
Diet: Exactly 45 minutes after completing
Shankhaprakshalana the Khichari with Ghee must
be taken. Afterwards further rest is necessary.
FREQUENCY: This practice can be performed
twice or thrice a year preferably in Ritusandhis
(inter-seasonal period).
Place of practice: The best place to practice
Shankhaprakshalana is in the garden or in an open
area where there is plenty of fresh air. The
atmosphere should be relaxed and lighthearted,
with no apprehension concerning the practice as
this can create tension and prevent free bowel
movement.
Importance of procedure:
Non iodized sea salt is preferred in this procedure
as the components present in it dislodge the waste
particles sticking to the colon and helps to kill all
the harmful parasites present in it. The solution of
salt water exerts a softening and loosening
influence on the mucus to make it easier to wash
out and clear the intestinal passages.
The
concentration of salt water is nearly equal to
isotonic solution because it has the specific gravity
nearly equal to that of the blood, hence the kidneys
cannot pick up the water and the blood cannot pick
up the salt, so will not lead to rise in blood
pressure and water is thrown out through the anal
passage [9, 18 - 20].
When large amount of salt water solution enters in
stomach, it stretches the smooth muscles of
stomach and stimulates the Myenteric plexus
which contracts the muscles and sets up the
peristaltic waves that helps to open the pyloric
valve and in this way water moves downward [10].
After drinking water, five Kriyas should be
performed. These Kriyas has to perform in the
correct sequence so that they progressively lead to
open the pyloric valve, the ileocaecal valve and
finally the sphincter which are present in the anus.
Tadakriya helps to exert pressure on stomach
walls which may lead to open the pyloric valve by
contraction of smooth muscle of stomach and
allow the water to enter into small intestine. After
this Tiryak tada kriya should be performed in
which alternate quick sideward bending helps to
contract the smooth muscles of small intestine
which moves water further immediately through
intestinal tract. In the third Katichakra kriya,
twisting of the smooth muscles of stomach and
intestine occurs which further pushes the water
downwards. After this Tiryakbhujanga kriya
should be performed. Its alternate twisting action
may help in opening of iliocecal valve. Lastly
Udarkarshkriya generates stretch in the smooth
muscles of large intestine which may stimulate the
recto-sphincteric reflex or the urge to defecate. In
this way water is evacuated through anus. As salt
water solution is isotonic, it evacuates faster
through the stomach. These Kriyas help it to easily
escape through intestine within 30 to 45 minutes.
287
the body, removes all the toxins and gets a
luminous body. [7]
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Benefits:
Shankhaprakshalana alleviates digestive problems
such as indigestion, gas, acidity and constipation. It
tones the liver, glands and other digestive organs.
It has been used in the cure of diabetes mellitus,
hypoglycemia, obesity, high blood cholesterol and
high lipid levels. It strengthens the immune
system, alleviating allergies and immunological
problems. It helps to relieve the symptoms of
arthritis and chronic inflammatory diseases.
Excessive mucus is reduced thereby helps to
relieve asthma, chronic colds and sinusitis. It
purifies the blood and alleviates skin problems
such as pimples, boils and eczema.
Contraindications:
High or low blood pressure, kidney disease,
gastrointestinal ulcer, congestive heart failure or
ischemic
heart
disease,
pregnancy
or
menstruation, under the age of 18, fever, and
recent surgical history.
RESULT:
Five Kriyas and warm saline water helps to open
the sphincters and valves of intestine. The
continuous movement of water through the
stomach and intestines empties the abdomen from
all faecal contents and strips off the mucus lining,
which is usually covered with faeces. This unblocks
the channels of flow for example, the sphincter of
Oddi, where the liver joins the duodenum or the
channels for the secretion of acids, enzymes,
hormones and mucus which prevents the body
from the digestive disorders. In this way the Nadis
are cleaned and obstruction are removed. Hence
these practices are used before Pranayama and
other higher yoga practices in order to purify the
body from toxins and to ensure safe and successful
progression along the spiritual path.
DISSCUSSION:
A number of experiments conducted on
Shankhaprakshalana revealed that either diseases
can be cured or the patient’s condition vastly
improved by regular practice. Study performed in
IMS BHU by Dr. S. N. Singh et al on effect of
Shankhaprakshalana (Gastrointestinal lavage) in
Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Anxiety Neurosis and
Chronic Renal Failure, shows satisfactory and
encouraging results and it states that warm saline
water solution along with different Kriyas is very
much effective in stimulating peristalsis and
opening the sphincter of alimentary canal thereby
cleaning the intestinal tract [12]. Another important
study in the same institute by Usha et al on chronic
renal failure reveals Shankhaprakshalana was very
effective in lowering the blood urea and blood
[13].
pressure
in
the
patients
Swami
Shankardevanda Sarasvati also reveals that
Shankhaprakshalana Kriya helps in cleaning the
inner lining of intestines which helps to open the
channels for secretion of various components for
digestion and maintain digestive health [14]. After
referring all available classical texts and studies
conducted in the field of yoga it can be stated that
the regular practice of Shankhaprakshalana will
help to purify the entire gastro-intestinal tract, and
maintain perfect health.
CONCLUSION:
Good digestion is a key to radiant health but in
today’s scenario factors such as stress, lack of
sleep, use of antibiotics and poor diet choices is
leading to an imbalance of digestive tract leading
to digestion problems such as gas, bloating,
stomach pain, constipation, heartburn and fatigue.
Change in season also leads to many diseases due
to change in condition of doshas in surrounding
and body as well. Shankhaprakshalana is one of the
most powerful shatakarma of cleaning entire
gastrointestinal tract and if it is performed in interseasonal period helps in balancing the doshas and
purify the body. In this way it helps to rejuvenate
the body and prepare for a long and healthy
lifetime for Yogic Sadhana.
288
However it varies from person to person. Rest for
45 min is essential after completion of procedure
as the rhythm of the body has been temporarily
disturbed. Rest in Shavasana has an intrinsic
capacity for providing physical rest and mental
peace. During this time the whole digestive system
is given a chance to revitalize itself. After 45 min of
rest the digestive organs resume their functions.
Sleep during this period must be avoided as it
leads to physical lethargy, headache or cold. After
rest a liquid type Khichari of rice and Mung dal is
taken, along with 2-3 teaspoons of Ghee. The
clarified butter or Ghee is necessary to coat the
intestinal walls until the body produces a new
lining. The rice provides a simple, easily digestible
packing material in the form of carbohydrate and
creates mucus which also protects the inner lining
of the alimentary canal. The lentils supplement the
diet by giving the body an easily digestible source
of protein. In this way it makes an all-round
nutritious meal. A sufficient quantity of Khicheri
must be taken to reline the intestinal walls and
reactivate gastric motility. Shankhaprakshalana
Kriya should be done in Ritusandhis. It is the interseasonal period pertains to the seven days at the
end and beginning of each season. During this
period imbalance in Doshas occur which can affects
body and mind [11]. Hence Shankhaprakshalana
during this period may help in balancing the
Doshas.
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REFRENCES:
1.
Swami Ananda Rishi. Patanjalayogadarshna: A
Comparative Study. First Edition, Yoga Vidya Niketan,
Mumbai, Jan 2012. p. 3
2. Swami Ananda Rishi. Patanjalayogadarshna: A
Comparative Study. First Edition, Yoga Vidya Niketan,
Mumbai, Jan 2012. p. 55
3. Gherenda Samhita. Editors: Digambarji, Swami and
Gharote, ML. Kaivalyadhama, Lonavala, India. 1978, p.
121
4. Dr. Chamanlal Gautam. Hatha yoga Pradipika, Sanskriti
Sansthan. Khwaja Kutub, Bareli (U.P.) 1975. p. 68
5. Chamanlal Gautam. Hatha yoga Pradipika, Sanskriti
Sansthan. Khwaja Kutub, Bareli (U.P.) 1975. p. 68
Gharote, ML. Kaivalyadhama, Lonavala, India. 1978, p. 9
Gharote, ML. Kaivalyadhama, Lonavala, India. 1978. , p. 8
8. How to Make Normal Saline. Department of Nursing, The
Ohio State University Medical Center, Oshio, Copyright,
2004, p. 1
9. http://www.colon-cleanse-information.com/sea-saltcolon-cleanse.html Accessed on [29-9-15]
10. C. Guyton AC. Text book of Medical Physiology, WB
Saunders Company, USA, Ninth Edition 1996, p. 98, 101,
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11. Dr. Kanjiv Lochan, Ashtanga Hridayam of Vagbhata, Sutra
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12. S. N. Singh, V. Jaiswal, S. P. Maurya, “Shankha
prakshalana” (Gastrointestinal lavage) in health and
disease Yoga Research ward, university hospital, Banaras
Hindu university, Varanasi, Ancient Science of Life, Vol
No. VII Nos. 3 & 4, January & April 1988, p. 157 – 163
13. https://mobile.facebook.com/notes/bapu-nature-curehospital
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2Fwww.google.co.in%2F&_rdr Accessed on [29-9-2015]
14. Saraswathi, Dr. Swami Shankardevanads ‘Cleaning of
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experience. BI Publication, New Delhi. 1997. p. 33
16. Swami Svatmarama. Hatha Yoga Pradipika: Light on
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(India) Limited, New Delhi. 1993.p. 45
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Bandha, Bihar school of Yoga, Munger, Bihar, India, Third
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Exploring Insight of Shankhaprakshalana

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