World Lake Vision: A Call to Action

Transcription

Integrated Water
Resources Management:
Birds in Lake Nakuru.jpg
The Promise and the Reality
Walter Rast
Agenda 21, Chapter 18
General Objective
…make certain adequate supplies of water of
good quality are maintained for the entire
population of this planet, while preserving
hydrological, biological and chemical
functions of ecosystems, adapting human
activities within capacity limits of nature and
combating vectors of water-related diseases…
Management for Sustainable Water Use:
Sustainability is NOT protection of water
resources AT ALL COSTS……..
NOR is it UNBRIDRIDLED EXPLOITATION
of available water resources……..
RATHER, the notion refers to a “BALANCE”
between resource availability and use
Integrated Water Resource
Management (IWRM):
“Integrated water resource management is based on
the perception of water as an integral part of the
ecosystem, a natural resource and a social and
economic good, whose quantity and quality
determine the nature of its utilization.”
………Agenda 21 (1992)
Integrated Water Resource
Management (IWRM):
“IWRM is a process which promotes the co-ordinated
development and management of water, land and
related resources, in order to maximise the resultant
economic and social welfare in an equitable manner
without compromising the sustainability of vital
ecosystems."
…….Global Water Partnership (1996)
“IWRM has no fixed beginnings and will probably
never end. The global economy and society are
dynamic and the natural environment is also subject
to change, IWRM systems will, therefore, need to be
responsive to change and be capable of adapting to
new economic, social and environmental conditions
and to changing human values.”

Traditional approach – Water as natural
resource; other functions given less priority
(ecosystem component; natural cycling agent,
etc.)

Integrated management – Deals with all
functions on equal terms and within
framework of integrated water system as a
whole

Integration = making a whole of the parts
Scientific & Technical Aspects
of IWRM:
Includes quantity and quality of surface and
underground resources, drainage basin geology,
soils, topography, climate, flora, fauna, types &
numbers of ecosystems, land usage, population
centers, pollution sources, water quantity & water
demands, water use trends…..
ÆEssentially
defines the physical presence
and condition of water resources (how
much, where, what condition, what
stresses, etc.)
Socioeconomic Aspects
of IWRM:
Includes legal framework, institutional framework,
economic conditions, demography, public awareness
of problems, cultural and social customs & mores,
educational characteristics, social organizations,
political realities….
ÆEssentially
defines the factors controlling
HOW humans utilize their water resources.
BUT IWRM is not end in itself; rather means
of achieving three key strategic objectives:

Efficiency to make water resources go as far as
possible;

Equity, in the allocation of water across different
social and economic groups;

Environmental sustainability, to protect the water
resources base and associated eco-systems.
Important IWRM Framework Elements:

Enabling environment – General framework of
national policies, legislation and regulations and
information for water resource management
stakeholders;

Institutional framework – including roles & functions
of various administrative levels and stakeholders;

Management instruments – including operational
instruments for effective regulation, monitoring &
enforcement enabling decision-makers to make
informed choices between alternative actions (must be
based on agreed policies, available resources,
environmental impacts and social & economic
consequences)
Major Integration Elements:

Natural (source) & human (user) system
interactions;

Integration of freshwater management &
coastal zone management;

Integration of land & water management;

“Green water” and “Blue water;”

Integration of surface water & groundwater
management;

Integration of quantity & quality in water resources
management;

Integration of upstream & downstream water-related
interests.
Factors Constraining IWRM

Lack of proper coordination of management
activities;
Lack of appropriate management tools;
Inability to integrate water resource policies
with development policies;
Fragmentation of authority and responsibility
for water management and use (sometimes
agencies with conflicting missions);

Insufficiently-trained and qualified
manpower;
Inadequate funding;
Inadequate public awareness;
Low level of involvement of communities, nongovernmental organizations and private sector
in water management activities
Facilitating Sustainable Use of
Aquatic Resources

Accurate assessment of water problems;

Maximizing water-related benefits on drainage
basin scale;

Incorporating appropriate technologies;

Public awareness, education & participation;

Don’t forget water needs of nature;

Identification of, and honest brokerage between,
competing water users;

Proactive approach to water issues (consider all future
possibilities, good & bad; also climate change);

Acknowledge regional differences in environmental
sensitivity to human influences;

Recognize complex mix of social, economic, legal and
institutional issues to be addressed;

Appreciate need for balance between short-term needs
and long-term perspective for protecting available
freshwater resources.
Rio Grande/Rio Bravo Drainage Basin
TDA/SAP Approach
Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) is
scientific document that:

Identifies environmental & socioeconomic constraints to
sustainable use of water system;
Identifies root causes of these constraints;
Prioritize problems to be addressed in the SAP
TDA: (1) Systematic means of obtaining & analyzing
scientific, technical & socioeconomic
information and data necessary to facilitate
sustainable use of water system and its resources;
(2) Scientific base for subsequent development
of Strategic Action Programme (SAP)
RIO GRANDE/RIO BRAVO BASIN TDA
1.
Objectives
1.1
To define and assess present environmental
status of Rio Grande drainage basin and existing &
emerging problems regarding its sustainable use,
including their root causes, trends and impacts
1.2 To formulate proposed elements for Rio
Grande/Rio Bravo drainage basin Strategic Action
Program, on the basis of Objective 1.1, for the
integrated development and sustainable use of the
Rio Grande and its resources throughout its
drainage basin
2.
Scope of Study
2.1 Physical and Biological Environment
Topographic features of the basin (relief);
Climate; Geology; Land resources;
Biodiversity; Water resources; Status of
data & mapping
2.2 Socioeconomic Characteristics
2.2.1 Social development
--Population, including settlement patterns;
Water supply and sanitation; Health;
Education; Social organizations; Food
security; Shelter; Energy security
2.3
2.2.2 Economic development
--Land use; agriculture; fisheries;
forests, including agroforests; wildlife
and livestock production; mining;
industry; energy production potential
and use, including biomass; transport
and communication; tourism
Water Uses and Demands
--Agriculture (irrigation and rainfed); water
supply and sanitation; energy
(hydroelectric, other); mining and
industry; other uses (navigation,
recreational)
2.4
Policies and Legislation
--Water; environment; land tenure; other
2.5
Institutions
--Governmental organization structures
and functions (national and regional,
and international if appropriate); nongovernmental organization structures
and functions; research, scientific/
technical and training capabilities
2.6
Environmental and Socioeconomic
Impediments to Sustainable Use, including
Causes, Trends & Impacts
--Population and demography (growth,
migration, settlement); quality of life
(health, nutrition, literacy, awareness,
attitudes); deforestation & over-grazing;
erosion & sedimentation; land degradation;
water quality deterioration from point &
non-point sources; persisting drought &
zones with water scarcity; flooding; climate
change & global warming; major water
development projects in basin; irrigation &
drainage projects and rainfed agriculture;
fertilizer & pesticide use; industrial
development & water use and pollution;
energy; fisheries; aquatic weeds
3.0 Need for a cooperative, integrated
basin-wide Strategic Action
Program for the sustainable use of
the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo and its
resources
4.0 Proposed elements of the Strategic
Action Program
IWRM – Integrated Water Resources Management;
IRBM – Integrated River Basin Management
ILBM – Integrated Lake Basin Management
ICM – Integrated Coastal Management
ICARM – Integrated Coastal Area and River
Management
IGRM – Integrated Groundwater Resources
Management
“A vision without action is just
a dream;
An action without vision just
passes time;
A vision with an action
changes the world.”
……..Nelson Mandela