EUROPEAN AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS

2008
european
automobile
manufacturers
association
published by
ACEA Communications department
communications@acea.be
This paper is made in an environmentally-friendly way and according to FSC certification
_september 2008
introduction
The automotive industry is a key element in the fabric of the European economy and society.
Our industry contributes enormously to the health and wealth of the EU and its near 500 million
inhabitants - it is vital that the automotive sector retains its competitiveness and its competitive edge.
The European vehicle manufacturers are technology leaders, driving innovation towards cleaner,
sustainable transport, embracing the challenge to use limited resources responsibly. As major
corporate citizens, they are fully part of society and, therefore, dialogue and mutual understanding
are essential to our industry. This booklet, the ACEA Automobile Industry Pocket Guide, provides
comprehensive and insightful facts and figures - with key data on employment, production, vehicle
registration and use, taxation and trade, as well as information on a range of mobility-related issues.
It also presents the vehicle manufacturers’ trade association in Brussels, ACEA.
I trust our pocket guide will be of great value to all those interested in and
concerned by vehicles, the automotive industry and relevant policies.
p
Ivan Hodac
Secretary General ACEA
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the automobile industry pocket guide
ACEA
01
european
automobile
manufacturers
association
ACEA
01
ACEA in brief
ACEA means “Association des Constructeurs Européens d’Automobiles” or European
Automobile Manufacturers’ Association. ACEA is an industry association and as such one of
many interest groups that contribute to an informed decision-making process in the EU
ACEA has fifteen members : BMW Group, DAF Trucks, Daimler, FIAT Group, Ford of Europe,
General Motors Europe, Jaguar Land Rover, MAN Nutzfahrzeuge, Porsche, PSA Peugeot
Citroën, Renault, Scania, Toyota Motor Europe, Volkswagen and Volvo
ACEA is based in Brussels and was established in 1991. The Board of Directors is composed
of the Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) of its 15 members. ACEA maintains close relationships
with the 29 national automobile manufacturers’ associations in Europe
ACEA is the first source of information concerning vehicle-related regulation ,
with over 85 EU Directives and more than 115 UN ECE regulatory requirements in place today,
that are often very technical in nature.
ACEA is the main portal to clear and factual information on the European automobile industry ,
encouraging understanding of the sector’s importance, its complexity and its contributions
to society
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ACEA
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ACEA
Corporate citizenship
The ACEA members invest heavily in corporate social responsibility initiatives to
the benefit of their employees and society-at-large. The industry’s products, furthermore,
meet the highest environmental and safety standards . This is the result of a long-standing
tradition of innovation and investments.
For example: It takes 100 of today’s cars to match the average emissions of a car built in the 1970s;
Noise levels of vehicles have been reduced by 90% over the same period;
Reducing fuel consumption is, and has long been, a matter of top-priority;
On the safety front, the introduction of seatbelts, anti-lock braking systems and airbags has cut
fatalities and serious injuries to vehicle passengers by 80%.
Acting as a responsible corporate citizen is not only desirable in itself; it also helps to build a
relationship based on trust and loyalty between companies and their customers.
01
What interests does ACEA represent?
ACEA represents an industry that is instrumental to EU growth and that plays an important part in
everybody’s lives, through employment, products, education, pensions or investments. The vehicle
manufacturers find it indispensable to maintain a dialogue with those – governments, legislators,
interest groups - that have a large influence on the sector’s future growth, innovative capacity and
investment decisions.
The automobile industry forms the backbone of the EU economy: More than 12 million families depend on the sector for employment;
ACEA members yearly invest € 20 billion in R&D, or 4% of turnover;
Net auto exports are worth € 42.8 billion ;
Vehicle taxes deliver € 381 billion to governments – 3.5% of EU gross domestic product.
The sector’s technologies and innovations shoulder development and progress in many other
sectors, from IT to logistics, health care and others.
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ACEA
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ACEA
How does ACEA work?
ACEA is led by a secretary general and employs twelve directors who cover issues and technical
requirements in policy fields such as fuels, emissions, road safety, trade, taxation and transport. Through
its specialist working groups and an extensive network within the vehicle industry, ACEA has access to a
wealth of expertise and applied technical experience. ACEA activities include, but are not limited to:
Dialogue with the European Union at all levels, and with all others concerned by the automobile
industry, including the European public;
Cooperation with policy makers and related industries, to advance mutual understanding of
industry-related issues and contribute to realistic and effective legislation, bearing in mind the interests
of European society and its economy;
Research and study of relevant developments and trends in automotive-related issues and policy fields;
Strategic reflection on the increasingly global challenges of competition and social responsibility,
drawing on the strengths and expertise of its members;
Communication of the role and importance of the industry, of its common views and of reliable data
and information;
Monitoring of all activities that influence the automobile industry, responding to and cooperating
with the actors involved.
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The vehicle industry’s seven priority fields
The European automotive industry has seven priority topics it discusses with the EU institutions
and other stakeholders:
A real completion of the Internal Market which will not be achieved without fiscal harmonisation
of motor vehicle and fuel taxes. In light of the CO2 challenge, taxation schemes should be based
on the CO2 emissions of cars and the use of alternative fuels, to increase demand for fuel-efficiency;
Reducing over-regulation and conflicting objectives of legislation via adequate and independent
impact assessment studies, and reasonable lead-time periods for implementation;
Better promotion of R&D efforts and innovation policy instruments;
Global harmonisation of technical regulations and standards for motor vehicles;
Continuous development of efficient road infrastructure , while ensuring the promotion of
competitive access to basic infrastructure networks (road, energy, transport, telecommunications);
Better market access for European automotive products via the completion of the WTO’s Doha
Round, together with bilateral/regional free trade agreements;
Adoption of an Integrated Approach to important societal issues such as road safety and the
reduction of CO2 emissions, involving all relevant actors and factors.
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ACEA
ACEA co-operation & partnerships
ACEA has permanent and close co-operation with the European Council for Automotive R&D (EUCAR) which was established in 1994 as the research arm of the industry. EUCAR’s purpose is
to strengthen the competitiveness of the European automotive industry by promoting and carrying
out co-operative research and development of products, processes and systems.
ACEA maintains close relationships with a number of organisations having interests related to
the automobile industry. These include the European Association of Automotive Suppliers (CLEPA),
Intelligent Transport Systems - Europe (ERTICO), the European Committee for Motor Trades and
Repairs (CECRA), the European Road Safety Federation (ERSF), the Fédération Internationale de
l’Automobile (FIA) and the Union of Industrial Employers’ Confederation of Europe (UNICE).
ACEA also maintains a dialogue on international issues with automobile associations around the
world (JAMA, KAMA, AAM, ATPC, OICA).
ACEA Secretariat +32 2 732 55 50
Director Legal & Taxation
Director Trade & Economics
Marc Greven
Erik Bergelin
eb@acea.be
mg@acea.be
Secretary General
p
Ivan Hodac
Director Parliamentary Affairs
p
Céline Domecq
Director Communications
& Public Relations
cd@acea.be
p
Director Transport Policy
Fuensanta Martinez-Sans
fm@acea.be
p
Director Information Technology
Sigrid de Vries
sv@acea.be
Director Regulatory Projects
Manager Communications
& Public Affairs
p
p
Director Regulatory Affairs
Director Administration
Michael Klinkenberg
mk@acea.be
Wolfgang Reinhardt
wr@acea.be
Michelle Cronier
mc@acea.be
Director Emissions & Fuels
Director Safety
Paul Greening
pg@acea.be
Yves Martin
ym@acea.be
Director Environment & Economics
Manager Statistics & Economics
Rolf Stromberger
Quynh-Nhu Huynh
qh@acea.be
p
rs@acea.be
Director Environmental Policy
Director Technical Affairs
Roman Meininghaus
Dolf Lamerigts
dl@acea.be
Dominik Declercq
+86 10 6463 4055
dd@acea-beijing.com
p
p
p
p
rm@acea.be
01
Stefan Larsson
sl@acea.be
p
p
p
Marc Vanderstraeten
mv@acea.be
p
Acea Tokyo Office
Anthony Millington
+81 3 350 563 41
anrm@miinet.or.jp
Acea Beijing Office
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ACEA
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ACEA
ACEA Members
BMW GROUP
Petuelring 130
D-80788 München
T. +49 89 3820
www.bmwgroup.com
p
DAF TRUCKS NV
Hugo van der Goeslaan 1
PO BOX 90065
NL-5600 PT Eindhoven
T. + 31 40 214 9111
www.daftrucks.com
DAIMLER AG
D-70546 Stuttgart
T. +49 711 170
www.daimler.com
FORD OF EUROPE GmbH
Henry Fordstrasse 1
D-50725 Köln
T. +49 221 900
www.ford.com
p
p
FIAT S.p.A
Corso G. Agnelli 200
I-10135 Torino
T. +39 011 003 11 11
www.fiatgroup.com
GENERAL MOTORS EUROPE
Stelzenstrasse 4
CH-8152 Glattbrugg
T. +41 1 828 28 28
www.gmeurope.com
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ACEA Members
JAGUAR LAND ROVER
Banbury Road / Gaydon
UK-Warwick CV35 ORR
T. +44 19 2664 1111
www.jaguarlandrover.com
p
MAN NUTZFAHRZEUGE AG
Postfach 50 06 20
D-80995 München
T. +49 891 580 01
www.mn.man.de
p
Dr. Ing. h.c.F. PORSCHE AG
Porschestrasse 42
D-70435 Stüttgart
T. +49 711 911 0
www.porsche.com
PSA PEUGEOT CITROËN
Avenue de la Grande Armée 75
F-75116 Paris Cedex
T. +33 1 40 66 55 11
www.psa-peugeot-citroen.com
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE
Avenue du Bourget 60
B-1140 Brussels
T. +32 2 745 21 11
www.toyota.eu
p
p
RENAULT SA
Quai Alphonse Le Gallo 13-15
F-92109 Boulogne-Billancourt Cedex
T. +33 1 41 04 50 50
www.renault.com
VOLKSWAGEN AG
Berliner Ring 2
D-38436 Wolfsburg
T. +49 536 190
www.volkswagen-ag.com
p
p
SCANIA AB
S-15187 Sodertalje
T. +46 8 55 38 10 00
www.scania.com
AB Volvo
S-405 08 Göteborg
T. +46 31 665170
www.volvogroup.com
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ACEA
Brussels Acea Member Representations
BMW Group Representative
Office Brussels
Werner Rothfuss
Boulevard de Waterloo 25
B-1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 737 50 30
Fiat Delegation to the EU
Guido Zincone
Rue de Genève 175
B-1140 Brussels
T. +32 2 513 63 92
GM Europe Coordination Center
Tayce Wakefield
Rue d’Idalie 9-13
B-1050 Brussels
T. +32 2 773 69 82
p
p
p
Daimler Representative Office
EU Affairs
Hanns R. Glatz
Rue Froissart 133
B-1040 Brussels
T. +32 2 233 11 45
Ford Motor Company EU Affairs
Clemens Doepgen
Rue Montoyer 40 bte 7
B-1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 761 06 11
Jaguar Land Rover Brussels Office
Nicky Denning
Square de Meeûs 37
B-1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 791 75 61/60
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B r u s s e l s A cea M ember R epresentations
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Toyota Motor Europe
Graham Smith
Avenue du Bourget 60
B-1140 Brussels
T. +32 2 712 35 42
p
MAN Brussels Office
Annerose Zacherl
Rue Jacques de Lalaing 4
B-1040 Brussels
T. +32 2 230 41 95
Renault Delegation to the EU
Marie de Saint-Cheron
Square de Meeûs 35
B-1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 230 91 39
p
p
PSA Peugeot Citroën EU Delegation
Jean-Claude Fontaine
Avenue des Arts 53
B-1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 545 11 69
Volkswagen Liaison Office to the EU
Christof Sebastian Klitz
Avenue Louise 480 bte 7
B-1050 Brussels
T. +32 2 645 49 53
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Scania EU Representation
Georg Danell
c/o Kreab
Avenue de Tervueren 2
B-1040 Brussels
T. +32 2 737 69 02
Volvo Group EU Representation
Frédérique Biston
Sweden House
Rue du Luxembourg 3
B-1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 482 58 70
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ACEA Associated Organisations
_austria
FFOE
Fachverband der Fahrzeugindustrie
Österreichs
_bulgaria
ACM
Wiedner Hauptstrasse 63
A-1045 Wien
T. +43 5 90 900 48 00
F. +43 5 90 900 289
www.wk.or.at/fahrzeuge
Association of Car Manufacturers
and their authorised representatives
for Bulgaria
p
_belgium
FEBIAC Veliko Tarnovo Street 37
BG-1504 Sofia
T. +359 02 946 12 50
F. +359 2 94 33 944
www.svab.bg
Fédération Belge des Industries de
l’Automobile et du Cycle
Belgische Federatie van de Automobielen tweewielerindustrie
p
Bd. de la Woluwe 46 B6
B-1200 Brussels
T. +32 2 778 64 00
F. +32 2 762 81 71
www.febiac.be
Grivast Dhigenis Avenue 30
P.O. Box 21657
CY-Nicosia
T. +357 22 66 51 02
F. +357 22 66 94 59
_cyprus
_czech republic
AIA CR (SAP)
Automotive Industry Association
Opletalova 55
CZ-110 00 Praha 1
T. +420 221 602 982
F. +420 224 239 690
www.autosap.cz
p
_denmark
DK BIL
OEB
De Danske Bilimportører
Employers & Industrialists Federation
Industriens Hus
H.C. Andersens Boulevard 18
DK-1787 Kobenhavn V
T. +45 39 16 23 23
F. +45 39 16 24 24
www.bilimp.dk
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A C E A A s s ociat e d O r g a n i s at io n s
_france
CCFA _estonia
AMTEL Comité des Constructeurs Français
d’Automobiles
Union of Estonian Car Sales and Service
Enterprises
Rue de Presbourg 2
F-75008 Paris
T. +33 1 49 52 51 00
F. +33 1 49 52 51 88
www.ccfa.fr
Pärnu Road 232
EST-11314 Tallinn
T. +372 672 23 06
F. +372 650 21 97
p
_finland
Autotuojat ry
Ateneuminkuja 2 C
FIN-00100 Helsinki
T. +358 207 928 855
F. +358 207 928 859
www.autotuojat.fi
p
_germany
VDA
_greece
AMVIR (SEAA) Association of Motor Vehicle ImportersRepresentatives
Kifisias Avenue 294
GR-152 32 Halandri - Athens
T. +30 210 689 1400
F. +30 210 685 9 022
www.seaa.gr
p
_hungary
AHAI (MGSZ)
Verband Der Automobilindustrie
Association of the Hungarian
Automotive Industry
Westendstrasse 61
D-60325 Frankfurt/Main
T. +49 69 9 75 070
F. +49 69 9 75 07 261
www.vda.de
Major u. 69
H-1119 Budapest
T. +36 1 382 9805
F. +36 1 382 9810
www.gepjarmuipar.hu
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A C E A A s s ociat e d O r g a n i s at io n s
_ireland
SIMI _ l at v i a
LAADA
The Society of the Irish Motor Industry
Latvian Authorized Automobile Dealers
Association
_ m a lta
ACIM
Upper Pembroke Street 5
IRL-Dublin 2
T. +353 1 676 16 90
F. +353 1 661 92 13
www.simi.ie
Smerla Street 3 Suite 273
LV-1006 Riga
T. +371 6 752 99 79
F. +371 6 754 03 15
www.lpaa.lv
Association of Car Importers Malta
p
p
Valletta Building Level 2
South Street 20
MT-Valletta
T. +356 21 23 65 00
F. +356 21 22 33 06
p
_ i ta ly
ANFIA
LAA
Associazione Nazionale Fra Industrie
Automobilistiche
Lithuanian Autoenterpreneurs
Association
BIL
Corso Galileo Ferraris 61
I-10128 Torino
T. +39 011 554 65 11
F. +39 011 545 986
www.anfia.it
Zadeikos g. 1b
LT-2035 Vilnius
T. +370 5 230 12 24
F. +370 5 230 12 25
www.laa.lt
Postboks 71 Økern
N-0508 Oslo
T. +47 22 64 64 55
F. +47 22 64 85 95
_lithuania
_ n o r w ay
BilimportØrenes Landsforening
www.bilimportorenes-landsforening.no
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ACEA
A C E A A s s ociat e d O r g a n i s at io n s
_romania
ACAROM
_poland
PZPM
Asociatiei Constructorilor de Automobile
din Romania
Polski Zwiazek Przemysłu
Motoryzacyjnego
Str. Banu Mãrãcine - Bl. D5
RO-110194 Pitesti
T. +40 248 219 958
F. +40 248 217 990
www.acarom.ro
Al. Niepodleglosci 69
PL-02-626 Warsaw
T. +48 22 322 71 98/99
F. +48 22 322 76 65
www.pzpm.org.pl
p
_slovenia
_slovak
ZAPSR
republic
Automotive Industry Association SR
Sabinovská Ulica 6
SK-821 02 Bratislava 2
T. +421 2 4824 7951
F. +421 2 4824 7952
www.zapsr.sk
p
ADS
p
_portugal
ACAP
Association of Automobile
Manufacturers and Authorised Importers
_spain
ANFAC
Associação do Comércio Automóvel de
Portugal
c/o Chamber of Commerce &
Industry of Slovenia
Dimiceva 13
SI-1000 Ljubljana
T. +386 1 58 98 206
F. +386 1 58 98 216
www.gzs.si
Asociación Española de Fabricantes de
Automóviles y Camiones
Avenida Torre de Belém 29
P-1400-342 Lisboa
T. +351 21 303 53 00
F. +351 21 302 14 74
www.acap.pt
Calle Fray Bernardino Sahagún 24
E-28036 Madrid
T. +34 91 343 13 43
F. +34 91 345 03 97
www.anfac.com
ACEA
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A C E A A s s ociat e d O r g a n i s at io n s
_sweden
BIL
Box 26173 - Karlavägen 14A
S-100 41 Stockholm
T. +46 8 701 6360
F. +46 8 791 2311
www.bilsweden.se
p
_switzerland
Auto – Suisse | Auto – Schweiz
Association Importateurs Suisses
d’Automobiles
Vereinigung Schweizer AutomobilImporteure
Mittelstrasse 32
Postfach 5232
CH-3001 Bern
T. +41 31 306 65 65
F. +41 31 306 65 50
www.auto-suisse.ch
www.auto-schweiz.ch
_the
netherlands
RAI
De Rijwiel en Automobiel Industrie
Vereniging
Wielingenstraat 28
PB 74800
NL-1070 DM Amsterdam
T. +31 20 504 49 49
F. +31 20 646 38 57
www.raivereniging.nl
p
_turkey
OSD
_united
SMMT
kingdom
Automotive Manufacturers Association
The Society of Motor Manufacturers
and Traders
Atilla Sokak 10 Altunizade
TR-34676 Istanbul
T. +90 216 318 29 94
F. +90 216 321 94 97
www.osd.org.tr
Forbes House
UK- London SW1X 7DS
T. +44 207 235 70 00
F. +44 207 235 71 12
www.smmt.co.uk
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EUCAR
EUCAR secretariat
Ulf Palmquist
up@eucar.be
Director
P
Alessandro Coda
ac@eucar.be
Project Coordinator
The European Council for Automotive R&D (EUCAR) is the research organisation for the major automotive
manufacturers in Europe.
EUCAR, in interaction with its members, identifies future
challenges in strategic research. These are communicated
to the European Commission and to EUCAR partners.
Its members initiate research projects that are often run in
collaboration with external suppliers and research providers.
EUCAR projects are funded mainly through public financing
that is equally matched by the industry.
P
EUCAR members
BMW Group, DAF, Daimler,
FIAT Group, Ford of Europe,
GM Europe, Porsche,
PSA Peugeot-Citroën, Renault,
Volkswagen, Volvo.
EUCAR key research is in the following domains:
Fuels and Powertrain
Materials, Processes and Manufacturing
Integrated Safety
Mobility and Transport
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did you know ?
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know ?
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european
automobile
manufacturers
association
02
The automobile industry
is the largest private investor in R&D in the EU
The € 20 bn spent every year on R&D is a measure of the European automobile industry’s commitment
to competitiveness, innovation, employment and social responsibility. The investment amounts to 4% of
the industry’s annual turnover, and covers around one fifth of Europe’s total private R&D expenditure.
A large part of the R&D investments is spent on technologies to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), improving engine efficiency and performance. Another considerable slice
is devoted to making cars as safe as possible – and in the last 15 years, they have become significantly
safer. Companies are continuously developing new car models, trying to maximize customer satisfaction.
Large sums of R&D expenditure are committed to joint, pre-competitive strategic research organised
by the European Council for Automotive R&D – EUCAR, the research arm of the European Automobile
Manufacturers Association (ACEA).
On R&D, each of these automotive giants outspends most leading companies in other sectors.
In 2005, for example, DaimlerChrysler spent € 5.649 bn on R&D, Volkswagen just over € 4 bn,
BMW € 3.1 bn, Renault € 2.3 bn, Peugeot (PSA) € 2.1 bn, and Fiat € 1.3 bn*. Looking at other sectors,
not a single oil and gas producer broke through the € 1 bn barrier and only two chemical companies
(Bayer and BASF) did so.
*statistics published by the european commission
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The vehicle industry is one of the most densily regulated sectors in Europe
The automotive industry is one of the most regulated sectors in Europe. Up till now, more than 80 EU
directives have been drawn up and over 115 pieces of legislation have been internationalised further
within the UN/ECE in Geneva.
Cars are very complex products and before they enter the market, they have to comply with what is
known as the Framework Directive for Whole Vehicle Type Approval.
This framework directive contains procedures and a long list of separate directives laying down technical
requirements for motor vehicles as well as for components and separate technical units from which
vehicles are assembled.
In addition, there are directives that establish requirements for the use of motor vehicles, as well as
regulations, which apply throughout the European Union on the basis of Community law.
Vehicle-related regulation is very technical in nature and cannot be drafted without the specialist
knowledge of vehicle manufacturers. ACEA collects the necessary information through working groups
(assembling member companies’ experts) and shares the information with the EU institutions and other
stakeholders to support effective and efficient policy making.
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Before entering the market, passenger cars have to comply
with more than 45 EU Directives and Regulations
Environment
Lighting & signaling
Active safety
Passive safety
Other
2.
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CO2-related car taxation widely applied in Western Europe
Almost all Western European countries now levy some form of CO2 tax on passenger cars.
With France, Spain, Finland and Ireland joining in 2007 and 2008, the total of EU Member States
applying CO2-related fiscal measures has risen to fourteen. In addition, countries such as the
Netherlands, Denmark and Portugal implemented significant changes to their already existing schemes.
The European auto industry welcomes the clear trend towards CO2-related car taxation but warns that
the environmental results may be negatively influenced by the lack of coordination among countries.
CO2-related taxation of cars and of alternative fuels is an important tool to shape consumer demand
towards fuel-efficient cars. However, only a harmonised tax scheme will give the necessary clear market
signal which will be decisive in achieving the desired cuts in CO2 emissions. The fragmentation of
systems, furthermore, has a distorting effect on the internal market.
Current CO2-related car tax schemes differ widely: Italy, for example, offers a one-off incentive when
purchasing a new car. France and the UK use CO2 emissions systematically for taxing privately owned
and company cars. Similarly, France, the UK and Luxembourg use CO2 emissions as the only factor for
car taxation, whereas others apply a combination of criteria including car price, engine capacity and
CO2 emissions. Some countries impose rather arbitrary cut-off points to increase tax rates stepwise.
The car industry advocates a linear system, in which tax levels are directly proportionate to the car’s
CO2 emissions and every gramme of CO2 is taxed the same. Car tax schemes should neither include
nor exclude specific technologies and be budget neutral in end-effect.
02
Drivers can make a difference as well
Fuel-efficient driving, «Eco-driving», can significantly reduce fuel consumption and lower CO2 emissions.
Slight changes in driving style enable drivers to exploit fully the fuel-efficiency potential of modern
technologies. Eco-driving is easy to apply. The Golden Rules for eco-driving are: Shift into a higher gear early
Maintain a steady speed at highest possible gear
Look ahead and anticipate traffic flow
Switch off the engine at short stops
Check and adjust the tyre pressure regularly
Make use of in-car fuel saving devices such as on-board computers and dynamic navigators
to avoid congestion
Get rid of surplus weight and unused roof racks
Highly cost-effective: Eco-driving training leads to a reduction in fuel consumption of up to 25 % after
training, with a significant long-term effects of 7% under everyday driving conditions.
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Eco-innovation concerns much more than engine technology
The European automotive industry is contributing a lot to reducing CO2 emissions from cars. A large
number of CO2-cutting technologies have been introduced into the markets up till now. And many more
are to come. The European car manufacturers and the automotive suppliers work closely together to
achieve further important results.
Reducing CO2 emissions from cars is a complex challenge and involves improvements of the whole
vehicle, not just the engine. The European automotive industry has identified multiple categories for
eco-innovative car technologies that will ensure further progress: systems & components, running
resistance, well-to-wheel efficiency, smart navigation and driver information. All categories contain
numerous technology applications, from adaptive cruise-control and super efficient LED lights to
robotised gearboxes and the storage and re-use of heat. These technological efforts confirm the
automotive industry’s determination to achieve further reductions in new car CO2 emissions.
There are areas, however, where sharing efforts is necessary , because technology alone does not
have all the answers. Driving style, the choice of fuel and the quality of the infrastructure are as
decisive to achieve the best possible fuel-economy and lowest CO2 emissions of a car. All over the
world, the automobile brings improved quality of life; the task is to sustain its benefits while reducing
its environmental impact. The vehicle manufacturers produce for today’s and tomorrow’s world and are
determined to play their part.
did you know ?
It takes at least 5 years to develop a new car
Cars are highly complex and innovative products . Their development - from design to production
logistics - takes up to 5 years. Their product cycle, or the time they are kept in production, comprises
up to 7 years.
Vehicle and engine adjustments are hugely complicated and capital-intensive operations.
Manufacturers and their suppliers plan and allocate production capacity well ahead to accommodate
production and renewal of their car portfolio. To be able to adjust automobiles to new legal
requirements, the car industry needs sufficient lead-time ahead of implementation of these new rules.
During the development phase, changes to a prototype are limited to implementation of ready-available
new technologies within the technical and economic constraints of the car’s concept. The possibilities
for change become more limited in the execution phase. During the typical production life of a car,
investments in capital and innovations need to be recovered. Modifications are only opportune in case
of relatively minor requirements, such as software changes.
ADVANCED engineering b
inPUT
CONCEPT phase b
concept b
EXECUTION
1
Production Timeline (years)
5
PRODUCT CYCLE b
10
the automobile industry pocket guide
02
03
key figures
the automobile industry pocket guide
03
european
automobile
manufacturers
association
key
figures
03
overview
The European Automobile Industry
The backbone of the European economy
15 major international players: BMW Group, DAF Trucks, Daimler, FIAT, Ford of Europe,
General Motors Europe, Jaguar Land Rover, MAN Nutzfahrzeuge, Porsche, PSA Peugeot Citroën,
Renault, Scania, Toyota Motor Europe, Volkswagen and Volvo
Source of mobility, the key to economic, social and cultural activity
More than 12 million EU families depend on the automotive employment, with 2.2 million direct
jobs and another 10.3 million in related sectors
Production of 19.7 million passenger cars, vans, trucks and buses per year, 27% of worldwide
vehicle manufacturing
Yearly investment of € 20 billion in R&D, 4% of turnover; largest private investor in R&D in the EU
Leading EU export sector with a € 42.8 billion net trade contribution
Vehicle taxes deliver € 381 billion in government revenues yearly, 3.5% of European GDP
the automobile industry pocket guide
key figures
2.
the automobile industry pocket guide
03
key figures
The automotive industry is a major contributor to EU growth, employment and wealth
Total Motor Vehicles (Worldwide)
73.1 Mn units Total Motor Vehicles (EU27)
19.7 Mn units = 27% of worldwide MV production
Total Passenger Cars (Worldwide)
53.0 Mn units Total Passenger Cars (EU27)
17.1 Mn units = 32% of worldwide PC production
Production value
645 Bn EUR New Registrations Total Motor Vehicles (Worldwide)
66.2 Mn units
Total Motor Vehicles (EU27)
18.7 Mn units = 29% of worldwide MV registrations/sales Total Passenger Cars (Worldwide)
55.5 Mn units
Total Passenger Cars (EU27)
15.9 Mn units = 29% of worldwide PC registrations/sales Diesel (Western Europe)
53% Share Employment Manufacture of Motor Vehicles (EU25)
2.2 Mn people = 6.5% of EU manufacturing industry Total (including indirect, EU25)
12.1 Mn people = 6% of EU employed population
Turnover
ACEA members worldwide
551 Bn EUR Investment
ACEA members worldwide
40 Bn EUR = 7% of turnover
R&D
ACEA members worldwide
20 Bn EUR = 4% of turnover
Value Added
in EU15 (MV+Suppliers)
86.8 Bn EUR = 16% of manufacturing sector
Exports
Extra-EU25
77.5 Bn EUR
Imports
Extra-EU25
34.6 Bn EUR
Trade Balance
42.8 Bn EUR
MV in use (Parc) Total Motor Vehicles
263 Mn units
(EU27) Passenger Cars
230 Mn units
Motorisation rate (cars)
466 per 1000 inhab.
Tax Revenue from Motor Vehicles 381 Bn EUR = 3.5% of EU15 GDP
Production
p
Source: ACEA, VDA, AAA, Global Insight, Eurostat
2007
2007
2007
2007
2005
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
em
p
lo
ym
en
t
1
the automobile industry pocket guide
employment
03
european
automobile
manufacturers
association
1
em
p
lo
ym
en
t
key figures
1
the automobile industry pocket guide
employment
12 million families depend on the automobile industry in Europe
Automobile Sector: Direct and Indirect* Employment | 2007
Automotive Industry (production operations)
›Automobile manufacturing
›Equipment and accessories
›Bodywork, trailers, caravans
2.2 Mn Jobs
Other Manufacturing Activities
›Manufacture, retreading and rebuilding of rubber tyres and tubes
›Manufacture of bearings, gears, gearing and driving elements
›Manufacture of cooling and ventilation equipment
›Manufacture of computers and other information processing equipment
›Manufacture of electric motors, generators and transformers
›Manufacture of electrical equipment for engines and vehicles (not elsewhere reported)
Automobile use
12.1 Mn Jobs
9.8 Mn Jobs
›Sale and distribution of motor vehicles
›Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles
›Sale of motor vehicle parts and accessories
›Sale of motor fuels
›Renting of automobiles
Transport
›Road transport (passengers and freight)
p
Source: Eurostat
* Indirect employment data does not report employment in raw material sector (e.g. steel, aluminum, glass, etc.),
textile, driving schools, licensing activities, vehicle testing, vehicle insurance and financing, etc.
12.
key figures
the automobile industry pocket guide
employment
Direct automotive employment by country
867
800
600
400
276
193 167
160
200
125 108
86
61
47
43
33
23
23
23
8
7
6
3
3
3
2
1
1
RO
BE
HU
AT
SK
PT
NL
SI
FI
DK
BG
IE
EL
EE
LV
LT
0
DE
FR
p
Based on EUROSTAT data, 2005
UK
IT
ES
CZ
PL
SE
key figures
Automotive employment put into perspective
EU manufacturing employment, non automotive
34.6 Mn
Indirect automotive manufacturing employment
1.2 Mn
Direct automotive employment
2.2 Mn
3.5 %
6.5 %
90 %
Indirect automotive manufacturing employment
Direct automotive employment
EU Manufacturing employment, non-automotive
p
Based on EUROSTAT data, 2005
Direct employment
Total employment (Direct + Indirect)
2.2Mn people = 6.5% of total employment in EU manufacturing
12.1Mn people = 6% of EU employed population
EU27 active population aged 15-64
325.4Mn people = 67% of total population
EU27 employed population aged 15-64
206.2Mn people = 43% of total population
EU27 employed population in manufacturing sector
p
Source: Eurostat
1
the automobile industry pocket guide
employment
34.6Mn people = 17% of employed population
the automobile industry pocket guide
12.
key figures
employment
Employment* by Mode of Transport | 2007
Passenger Transport
21.2%
Sea Transport 2.1%
Air Transport 4.5%
Railways 10.3%
Inland Water Transport 0.5%
Road Transport
52.6%
Travel Agencies & Tour Operators 5.5%
Freight Transport
31.4%
Pipelines 0.2%
Other Auxiliary Transport Activities 24.3%
p
Based on EUROSTAT data, 2005
* Employment in companies whose main activity lies in the transport mode concerned
p
r
o
d
u
c
ti
o
n
2
the automobile industry pocket guide
production
03
european
automobile
manufacturers
association
2
p
r
o
d
u
c
ti
o
n
key figures
2
t h e a u to m o b i l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
production
Europe is the largest motor vehicle producer
Motor Vehicle Production in Europe by vehicle segment | 2007
Passengers cars 86.7%
Vans 9.7%
Trucks 3.4%
Buses 0.2%
2007
%
17 082 037
86.7%
1 909 597
9.7%
667 864
3.4%
35 546
0.2%
p
ACEA 2008
T O TA L 19 695 044
t h e a u to m o b i l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
22.
key figures
production
Motor Vehicle Production per 1000 inhabitants
106
100
98
90
80
80
76
64
60
47
40
40
29
29
27
20
22
21
17
11
8
5
0
SK
p
ACEA 2008
SI
CZ
BE
DE
ES
FR
SE
HU
UK
AT
IT
PL
PT
RO
NL
FI
key figures
2
Passenger car production trend
Passenger Car Production in Europe | 1997-2007
17 082 037
16 191 284
16 000 000
14 000 000
15 533 838
16 226 428
15 704 708
16 025 896
15 840 983
16 141 152
15 996 987
16 198 017
+5.5%
14 272 474
12 000 000
2003
2004
2006
2007
18.7%
32.2%
12.2%
19.5%
32.4%
13.8%
19.2%
36.0%
34.1%
13.9%
5 000 000
2005
Japan
14.5%
19.6%
37.5%
2002
NAFTA |
18.0%
20.4%
35.9%
20.3%
20.3%
36.9%
20.2%
20.4%
29.3%
30.1%
37.9%
20.0%
21.1%
10 000 000
19.7%
15 000 000
2001
EU |
37.6%
2000
15.8%
20.2%
1999
35.6%
1998
17.8%
20.8%
1997
Market Share of Passenger Car Production |
0
p
Source: ACEA, OICA
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
t h e a u to m o b i l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
production
22.
t h e a u to m o b i l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
key figures
production
One third of passenger cars is produced in the EU
World Motor Vehicle Production (% share) | 2007
Japan
15.9%
NAFTA
21.1%
26.9%
EU27
Rest of the world
0.5%
World Passenger Car Production (% share) | 2007
NAFTA
12.2%
Japan
18.7%
EU27
Rest of the world
p
Based on oica data
32.2%
0.2%
China 12.0%
South Korea 7.0%
South America 5.5%
Asia - Others 4.2%
India 3.2%
Europe - Others 2.2%
Russia 2.4%
China 12.2%
South Korea 5.6%
South America 5.2%
Asia - Others 4.9%
India 3.2%
Europe - Others 2.3%
Russia 2.3%
r
eg
is
tr
at
io
n
s
3
the automobile industry pocket guide
registrations
03
european
automobile
manufacturers
association
3
r
eg
is
tr
at
io
n
s
key figures
3
t h e a u t o m o b i l e i n d u s t r y p o c k et g u i d e
NEW REGISTRATIONs
About 30% of all new motor vehicles are registered in Europe
New Motor Vehicle Registrations in the EU by type | 2007
Passengers cars 85.5%
Vans 12.0%
Trucks 2.3%
Buses 0.2%
2007
% change
%
15 958 871
+1.1%
85.5%
2 245 062
+7.1%
12.0%
428 482
+5.1%
2.3%
38 417
+4.4%
0.2%
18 670 832
+1.9%
TOTAL p
ACEA 2008
t h e a u t o m o b i l e i n d u s t r y p o c k et g u i d e
32.
key figures
NEW REGISTRATIONs
New Motor Vehicle Registrations in the EU in 2007 by country
AT
296 414
32 315
8 423
771
BG
43 521
10 697
n.a.
n.a.
BE
524 795
65 392
12 178
1 092
CZ
132 542
62 038
11 587
949
DK
162 552
56 140
6 902
450
EE
30 902
4 553
1 903
159
FI
125 608
16 885
4 853
496
HU
173 025
23 619
n.a.
n.a.
FR
2 064 543
460 570
52 790
6 132
LV
32 497
3 342
3 129
199
166
DE
3 148 163
221 540
107 105
5 471
LT
21 115
4 312
5 006
EL
279 794
24 007
2 392
627
PL
293 319
54 400
24 573
n.a.
ES
1 614 835
275 398
45 260
3 803
RO
312 532
33 229
14 979
1 199
IS
16 170
2 773
544
46
SK
59 700
23 555
5 506
333
IE
186 540
44 056
5 444
334
SI
65 511
7 804
2 717
140
IT
2 490 570
252 953
35 820
4 355
LU
52 596
3 902
1 647
174
227 549
69 400 3 145
15 958 871 2 288 988
443 461
39 616
NL
504 195
79 846
16 239
1 149
NO
129 195
45 608
6 261
1 138
PT
201 868
68 421
5 644
725
SE
306 799
44 095
6 848
980
CH
285 563
25 822
4 964
462
UK
2 404 007
341 716
50 747
8 266
EU15
14 363 279 1 987 236
362 292
34 825
EU15+EFTA
14 794 207 2 061 439
374 061
36 471
p
acea 2008
New member states 1 164 664 TOTAL EU+EFTA
key figures
3
t h e a u t o m o b i l e i n d u s t r y p o c k et g u i d e
NEW REGISTRATIONs
Growth in new vehicle registrations by country
-0.7%
-2.7%
-6.0%
-7.7%
-11.3%
FR
-0.1%
PT
1.4%
EL
2.4%
IE
0
1.7%
LU
4.3%
4.3%
NL
3.4%
4.7%
SK
5.7%
IT
5.1%
7.0%
6.7%
8.7%
14.0%
10
12.3%
RO
21.5%
PL
20
19.4%
26.3%
30
26.4%
28.5%
40
40.7%
% Change in New Motor Vehicle Registrations in the EU | 2007/2006
UK
EU
BE
DK
ES
AT
HU
DE
FI
-10
LT
p
ACEA 2008
LV
EE
BG
SI
CZ
SE
p
ACEA 2008
0.2%
0.2%
0.3%
0.3%
0.4%
0.4%
0.8%
0.8%
1.0%
1.1%
1.1%
1.2%
1.3%
1.7%
1.8%
1.8%
1.9%
1.9%
2.0%
5
IS
LT
EE
LV
BG
LU
SK
SI
FI
NO
DK
HU
CZ
IE
PT
EL
CH
PL
AT
SE
RO
3.3%
0.1%
10
10.1%
15
NL
BE
ES
FR
UK
15.6%
15.0%
12.9%
20
19.7%
key figures
3.2%
0.1%
t h e a u t o m o b i l e i n d u s t r y p o c k et g u i d e
32.
NEW REGISTRATIONs
Market Share of New Passenger Car Registrations | 2007
IT
DE
key figures
3
t h e a u t o m o b i l e i n d u s t r y p o c k et g u i d e
NEW REGISTRATIONs
Trend in EU new car registrations
New Passenger Car Registrations in the EU | 1990-2007
15 000 000
+3,1%
10 000 000
EFTA
EU12
EU12+3
EU12+3+10
EU12+3+10+2
5 000 000
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
New Passenger Car Registrations in the Major European Markets | 1990-2007
4 000 000
3 000 000
Germany
Italy
UK
France
Spain
2 000 000
1 000 000
0
p
ACEA 2008
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
t h e a u t o m o b i l e i n d u s t r y p o c k et g u i d e
32.
key figures
NEW REGISTRATIONs
New Passenger Car Registrations per 100 inhabitants
11.0
10
8
6
5.3
5.0
4.3 4.2
4.0
3.8 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6
4
3.3 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1
3.0
2
2.7 2.5
2.4 2.3
1.9 1.7
1.5 1.4 1.3
1.1 1.1
0.8 0.6 0.6
0
LU
IS
BE
IE
IT
UK
DE
CH
ES
EU15 + EFTA
Average
p
ACEA 2008
AT
SE
FR
NL
SI
EUROPE
Average
DK
NO
EL
FI
EE
PT
HU
RO
LV
CZ
SK
NEW
MEMBERS
Average
PL
LT
BG
key figures
3
t h e a u t o m o b i l e i n d u s t r y p o c k et g u i d e
NEW REGISTRATIONs
A closer look at consumer demand
New PC Registrations by Segment in Western Europe | 2006-2008
600 000
400 000
200 000
Based on aaa data
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUNE
JUL
AUG
2%
8%
SUVs
Multi-Purpose Vehicles
13%
Upper Medium
14%
Lower Medium
24%
Small
35%
p
Based on global insight data
2008
2007
Small
Lower Medium
Upper Medium
Executive
4%
Luxury
OCT
Small
Lower Medium
Upper Medium
Executive
New Cars Sold in Europe*
Others
SEPT
* 2007, EU27, Switzerland and Norway, excluding Luxembourg
2006
Small
Lower Medium
Upper Medium
Executive
NOV
DEC
t h e a u t o m o b i l e i n d u s t r y p o c k et g u i d e
32.
key figures
NEW REGISTRATIONs
The drive towards fuel efficiency
Demand for Cars < 120 gCO2/km
1 419 388
1 200 000
958 591
839 488
800 000
904 845
1 008 992
583 614
400 000
306 514
2
0
813
20 339
1995
1996
1997
1998
88 174
1999
159 384
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
CO2 Emissions from New Cars
80%
Trend in new car CO2 emissions (g/km)
17%
121-140
120 and less
p
1995
141-160
11%
3%
ACEA 2008
161+
35% 30%
24%
2007
2005
2006
2007
key figures
3
t h e a u t o m o b i l e i n d u s t r y p o c k et g u i d e
NEW REGISTRATIONs
Over 50% of all new cars have a diesel engine
Diesel Penetration in Western Europe | 1990-2007 (% of new cars registered)
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0
Based on aaa data
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
28.3%
27.1%
IS
29.0%
CH
28.4%
SE
32.1%
DK
30.0%
UK
34.7%
40.1%
40%
38.4%
PT
55.8%
ES
47.8%
FR
69.3%
NO
60%
59.0%
73.9%
BE
70.9%
77.0%
LU
74.4%
80%
77.2%
Share of Diesel in the EU15 | 2007 (% of new cars registered)
EL
FI
NL
IE
20%
0%
p
Based on aaa data
AT
IT
DE
t h e a u t o m o b i l e i n d u s t r y p o c k et g u i d e
32.
key figures
NEW REGISTRATIONs
New passenger car registrations – the global view
Market Shares | 2007
2007
Europe 1
›EU15
›EFTA
›EU10+2
›Eastern Europe
America
2006
% change
15 958 871 15 782 959
1.1%
Europe
14 363 279 14 369 974
0.0%
Eastern Europe 2 5.1%
430 928
395 745
8.9%
1 164 664
1 017 240
14.5%
3 345 510
2 698 661
24.0%
24.1%
Nafta 28.4%
USA 24.3%
21 708 853 21 512 294
0.9%
›NAFTA
18 833 112 19 247 643
-2.2%
›of which USA
16 089 312 16 502 400
-2.5%
Brazil
›Mercosur
›of which Brazil
Asia
2 875 741
2 264 651
27.0%
2 341 032
1 831 712
27.8%
13 387 728 12 230 134
9.5%
›Japan
4 400 297
4 641 733
-5.2%
›South Korea
1 049 403
981 577
6.9%
›China 5 309 728
4 257 516
24.7%
›India
1 509 330
1 311 331
15.1%
›Other 3
1 118 970
1 037 977
7.8%
Rest of the World
11 837 384 11 320 899
4.6%
Total World
66 222 745 63 528 068
4.2%
p
Source: VDA, ACEA
Rest of
the world
17.9%
Mercosur 4.3%
Asia 20.2%
Japan
South Korea
China
India
Others3
1.Europe: EU27+EFTA
2.Eastern Europe: Russia, Turkey, CIS
3.Others: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan and Thailand
3.5%
6.6%
1.6%
8.0%
2.3%
1.7%
key figures
3
New motor vehicle registrations – worldwide
Market Shares | 2007
2007
Europe 1
›EU15
›EFTA
›EU10+2
›Eastern Europe
2006
% change
18 670 832 18 322 820
1.9%
Europe
16 747 632 16 640 122
0.6%
Eastern Europe 2 6.2%
USA 24.9%
Rest of
the world 2.7%
518 546
476 988
8.7%
1 404 654
1 205 710
16.5%
4 084 887
3 395 364
20.3%
22 329 406 22 281 639
0.2%
›NAFTA
19 298 365 19 893 606
-3.0%
›of which USA
16 460 405 17 046 981
-3.4%
America
›Mercosur
›of which Brazil
Asia
26.9%
2 466 115
1 927 547
27.9%
19 372 545 17 822 135
8,7%
5 353 945
5 739 507
-6.7%
1 292 012
1 218 008
6.1%
›China 8 791 528
7 215 525
21.8%
›India
1 988 955
1 751 263
13.6%
›Other 3
1 946 105
1 897 832
2.5%
1 765 157
1 708 918
3.3%
66 222 745 63 528 068
4.2%
p
Source: VDA, ACEA
Mercosur 4.6%
Brazil
2 388 033
›Japan
Total World
Nafta 29.1%
3 031 041
›South Korea
Rest of the World
28.2%
3.7%
Asia 29.3%
Japan
8.1%
South Korea 2.0%
China 13.3%
India 3.0%
Others3 2.9%
1.Europe: EU27+EFTA
2.Eastern Europe: Russia, Turkey, CIS
3.Others: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan and Thailand
t h e a u t o m o b i l e i n d u s t r y p o c k et g u i d e
NEW REGISTRATIONs
ve
h
ic
le
s
in
u
se
4
the automobile industry pocket guide
vehicles
ın use
03
european
automobile
manufacturers
association
4
ve
h
ic
le
s
in
u
se
key figures
4
Cars in Europe (EU15) are on average 8.5 years old
Car Fleet by Age in the EU15 | 2006
Cars > 10 years old
32.4%
Cars 5 years old
34.9%
Average Car Ages by Country
7.4 7.8
9.1
10.5
10.1
8.1 8.1
7.5
8.6
9.4
6.7
Cars 5-10 years old
32.6%
AT
BE
p
Source: acea, anfac
DK
FI
FR
DE
EL
IT
PT
SE
UK
the automobile industry pocket guide
VEHICLES IN USE
the automobile industry pocket guide
42.
key figures
VEHICLES IN USE
The European car fleet
Car Fleet by Country (units) | 2006
40 000 000
30 000 000
20 000 000
10 000 000
DE
IT
FR
UK
ES
PL
NL
BE
EL
PT
EU Car Fleet | 2000-2006
AT
SE
CZ
RO
HU
FI
DK
IE
SK
SI
LV
EE
LU
Non-EU Car Fleet | 2000-2006
200 000 000
150 000 000
EU15
New Member States +2,1%
100 000 000
50 000 000
2000
p
Source: acea, anfac
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
USA
JAPAN S. KOREA CANADA
Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia
4
The European vehicle fleet composition
EU Fleet by Vehicle Type | 2006
EU Fleet by Fuel Type | 2006
AT
4 204 969
289 354
74 969
9 297
BE
4 929 284
523 161
152 505
15 428
CZ
4 108 610
359 353
202 902
20 331
DK
2 013 899
458 968
50 699
9 037
EE
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
5 378
FI
2 489 287
281 407
90 925
11 147
FR
30 400 000
5 609 000
569 000
83 000
DE
46 569 657
2 055 188
1 033 305
83 549
EL
HU
IE
4 446 528
746 512
242 753
27 474
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
1 778 861
279 257
40 896
n.a.
IT
35 297 282
3 401 960
1 081 491
96 099
LV
822 011
46 233
62 944
10 628
NL
7 413 034
888 214
171 000
11 000
PL
13 384 229
1 758 293
634 365
83 496
PT
4 290 000
1 184 000
136 000
15 000
SK
1 333 749
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
SI
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
ES
20 636 738
n.a.
n.a.
58 286
SE
UK
4 202 463
401 111
78 683
13 643
29 880 025
3 325 625
564 045
98 715
218 200 626 21 607 636
5 186 482
651 508
Total Gasoline 67.7%
Diesel 31.4%
Other 0.9%
p
Source: acea, anfac
p
Source: anfac
the automobile industry pocket guide
key figures
VEHICLES IN USE
the automobile industry pocket guide
42.
key figures
VEHICLES IN USE
The trends in motorisation
Motorisation – World Comparison (cars per 1000 inhabitants) | 2006
800
776
661
600
597
566
400
508 507 504 488 478
471 470 470 466 464 461 442
418 413 407 405 399
371 360 351
561 540
307 293
200
247 230
245 237
167
26
0
LU
IT
AT
DE
FR
SI
FI
UK
BE
LT
EU15
ES
SE
NL
IE
EE
EL
PT
CZ
DK
LV
HU
PL
SK
BG RO
400
200
189 212 233 194
283 160 155 213
195 213
483 477 476 461
218 70 87
419 388 388 387
367 361
70 132
309 309 294
23 49 26 36
22 19 15 14
234 228
17
187 171 170 166
154 152 138 133
106
0
IT
p
Source: eurostat
LU
FR
DE
SE
AT
FI
BE
NL
UK
JP
RU S.K CHINA
EU15 Country
New EU Member States Average
Extra-EU Country
Motorisation – EU Comparison (cars per 1000 inhabitants) | 1970 and 1990
600
USA CA
EU
NEW
EU27
DK
ES
SI
CZ
IE
HU
PT
EL
SK
EE
BG
PL
LT
LV
2
56
RO
tr
ad
e
5
the automobile industry pocket guide
trade
03
european
automobile
manufacturers
association
5
tr
ad
e
key figures
5
The European automotive industry is a formidable exporter
EU25 Automobile Trade (in € Mn)
Year 2005
Year 2006
imports
exports
trade balance
imports
exports
trade
balance
Passenger Cars
Light Commercial Vehicles
Heavy Commercial Vehicles +Buses & Coaches
Total NAFTA 43%
25 052
60 804
35 752
29 718
65 488
35 770
3 270
2 102
-1 168
3 605
2 491
-1 114
1 052
8 166
7 114
1 318
9 471
8 154
29 374
71 072
41 698
34 641
77 450
42 810
EFTA & Eastern Europe 23%
Asia 22%
South America 2%
Others 11%
(Africa + Oceania)
p
Source: Eurostat, CCFA, OICA
the automobile industry pocket guide
T RADE
the automobile industry pocket guide
52.
key figures
T RADE
Where in the world do most cars go to?
Territory size shows the proportion of worldwide net imports of cars.
Net imports are imports minus exports.
When exports are larger than imports the territory is not shown.
p
© Copyright 2006 SASI Group (University of Sheffield) and Mark Newman (University of Michigan)
key figures
5
the automobile industry pocket guide
T RADE
Most imports to the EU come from Japan
Origin of EU25 Passenger Car Imports | 2006
40%
30%
20%
10%
0
JAPAN
S. KOREA
USA
TURKEY
MEXICO
BRAZIL
S. AFRICA
INDIA
CHINA
THAILAND
Origin of EU25 Passenger Car Imports (in € Mn)
Extra EU25
2005
2006
% change
% share
25 052
29 718
18.63%
100.00%
2005
2006
% change
% share
1.73%
10 836
11 488
6.02%
38.66%
Brazil
424
515
21.46%
South Korea
6 145
7 052
14.76%
23.73%
South Africa
402
364
-9.5%
1.22%
USA
3 202
4 880
52.40%
16.42%
India
325
268
-17.54%
0.90%
Turkey
2 367
3 140
32.66%
10.57%
China
60
188
213.33%
0.63%
Mexico
778
1 325
70.31%
4.46%
Thailand
90
55
-38.89%
0.19%
Japan
p
Source: OICA
the automobile industry pocket guide
52.
key figures
T RADE
Which countries are the largest car exporters?
Territory size shows the proportion of worldwide net exports of cars.
Net exports are exports minus imports.
When imports are larger than exports the territory is not shown.
p
© Copyright 2006 SASI Group (University of Sheffield) and Mark Newman (University of Michigan)
key figures
5
the automobile industry pocket guide
T RADE
Over 40% of EU car exports set sail to the USA
Destination of EU25 Passenger Car Exports | 2006
40%
30%
20%
10%
0
USA
JAPAN
RUSSIA
TURKEY
CHINA
CANADA AUSTRALIA S.AFRICA
U.A.E
MEXICO S. KOREA HONG KONG
IRAN
BRAZIL THAILAND
INDIA
Destination of EU25 Passenger Car Exports (in € Mn)
Extra EU25
USA
Japan
2005
2006
% change
% share
60 804
65 488
7.70%
100.00%
26 912
26 999
0.32%
41.23%
4 712
4 194
-10.99%
6.40%
2005
2006
% change
% share
U. A. Emirates
959
1 049
9.38%
1.60%
Mexico
886
991
11.85%
1.51%
Russia
1 789
3 454
93.07%
5.27%
South Korea
643
967
50.39%
1.48%
Turkey
3 091
2 848
-7.86%
4.35%
Hong Kong
406
416
2.46%
0.64%
China
1 397
2 237
60.13%
3.42%
Iran
670
405
-39.55%
0.62%
Canada
1 644
2 078
26.40%
3.17%
Brazil
251
347
38.25%
0.53%
Australia
1 733
1 848
6.64%
2.82%
Thailand
152
99
-34.87%
0.15%
South Africa
1 705
1 839
7.86%
2.81%
India
52
76
46.15%
0.12%
p
Source: OICA
the automobile industry pocket guide
52.
key figures
T RADE
A closer look at imports of all vehicle categories
Origin of EU25 Motor Vehicle Imports | 2006
40%
30%
20%
10%
0
JAPAN
S. KOREA
TURKEY
USA
MEXICO
THAILAND
BRAZIL
S. AFRICA
INDIA
Origin of extra Motor Vehicle Imports (in € Mn)
2005
2006
% change
% share
29 373
34 641
17.93%
100.00%
11 316
11 879
4.98%
South Korea
6 214
7 116
Turkey
4 676
USA
3 409
Extra EU25
Japan
p
Source: OICA
2005
2006
% change
% share
Mexico
781
1 328
70.04%
3.83%
34.29%
Thailand
866
888
2.54%
2.56%
14.52%
20.54%
Brazil
514
648
26.07%
1.87%
5 837
24.83%
16.85%
South Africa
491
565
15.07%
1.63%
5 075
48.87%
14.65%
India
335
283
-15.52%
0.82%
key figures
5
the automobile industry pocket guide
T RADE
The top 3 export destinations are the USA, Japan and Russia
Destination of EU25 Motor Vehicle Exports | 2006
40%
30%
20%
10%
0
USA
JAPAN
RUSSIA
TURKEY S.AFRICA
CHINA
AUSTRALIA CANADA
U.A.E
MEXICO S. KOREA
IRAN
HONG KONG BRAZIL THAILAND
INDIA
Destination of EU25 Motor Vehicle Exports (in € Mn)
Extra EU25
USA
Japan
2005
2006
% change
% share
71 071
77 450
8.98%
100.00%
27 563
27 660
0.35%
35.71%
U. A. Emirates 1 245
1 432
15.02%
1.85%
4 796
4 286
-10.63%
5.53%
Mexico
990
1 110
12.12%
1.43%
Russia
2 246
4 266
89.94%
5.51%
South Korea
Turkey
4 190
4 010
-4.30%
5.18%
Iran
South Africa
2 149
2 515
17.03%
3.25%
China
1 567
2 468
57.0%
3.19%
Australia
2 155
2 370
9.98%
Canada
1 795
2 204
22.79%
p
Source: OICA
2005
2006
% change
% share
730
1 067
46.16%
1.38%
1 521
497
-67.32%
0.64%
Hong Kong
436
436
0.00%
0.56%
Brazil
276
407
47.46%
0.53%
3.06%
Thailand
169
163
-3.55%
0.21%
2.85%
India
75
115
53.33%
0.15%
the automobile industry pocket guide
52.
key figures
Market Size and Growth
New Car Registrations (units)
T RADE
Examples of Import Duties (bound rates) | 2006
Light
Passenger Commercial PartsCars
Vehicles
South Korea
2007
2003
% change
1 049 403
1 024 543
2.43%
Korea
Thailand
ASEAN
1 118 970
810 528
38.05%
India
1 509 330
838 495
80.00%
Ukraine
514 100
75 000
585.47%
Russia
2 471 045
1 045 936
136.25%
Mercosur
2 875 741
1 494 988
92.36%
Trucks
8%
8%
10%
10%
80%
40% 40%
(CKD*=30%)
(CKD*= 30%)
30% 30%
25%
(CKD*=10%)
Indonesia
30%
Malaysia
15%
(CKD*= 25%)
30%
(CKD*= 10%) (CKD*= 10%)
65,7 or 45% 40%
80%
(CKD*= 20%) (CKD*= 40%)
India
13.5%
101%
13.5%
13.5%
Ukraine
0
25%
20%
20%
Russia
0
25%
10%
15%
18%
35%
35%
35%
Mercosur
EU Bound Tariffs
Cars and Light Commercial Vehicles 10%
Trucks 22%
Buses 16%
p
note: Market Access database
* CKD - Completely knocked Down: tariffs applied to packages of original vehicle components used for assembling at local plant
ta
xa
ti
o
n
6
the automobile industry pocket guide
taxation
03
european
automobile
manufacturers
association
6
ta
xa
ti
o
n
key figures
6
the automobile industry p o c k e t g u i de
T A X A TIO N
Motor vehicle taxation levels in the EU differ a lot
Tax as a % of the Net Price of the Car (based on 2000cc car capacity)
170
25
Others
VAT
150
75
100
18
42
40
50
10
20
4
21
0
15
20
22
19
20
0
0
0
19
19
18
CZ
DE
19
9.75
3.40
16
19.6
36
36
37
21
19
21
25
3
20
0
0
18
15
LT
LU
2
18
30
3
3.5
0
22
19
25
RO
SE
20
9
20
0
0
19
17.5
SK
UK
0
AT
BE
BG
CY
DK
EL
EE
ES
FI
FR
HU
IE
IT
LV
MT
NL
PL
PT
SI
Excise Duties on Fuels in €/1000 liters
AT BE BG CY CZ DE DK EE EL ES
FI FR HU
IE
IT LT LU LV MT NL PL PT RO SE
SI SK UK
EU minimum rates
Unleaded Petrol 447 592 322 303 419 657 537 288 331 396 588 607 376 443 564 287 462 300 474 679 416 583 327 371 400 415 713
359 Diesel
302 p
ACEA 2008
347 331 274 248 352 470 364 245 276 302 319 428 309 368 423 245 290 256 332 371 288 364 260 399 323 388 713
the automobile industry p o c k e t g u i de
62.
key figures
T A X A TIO N
Fiscal income from motor vehicles in the EU15
AT
BE
DK
DE
ES
FR
EL
IE
IT
NL
PT
FI
SE
UK
€ bn
€ bn DKK bn
€ bn
€ bn
€ bn
€ bn
€ bn
€ bn
€ bn
€ bn
€ bn SEK bn
£ bn
2006
2004
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2005
2006
2006
2005
2006
2006
2.469 4.291
n.a.
26
5.94 12.679
n.a.
0.058 20.25 2.412 1.279
1.17
2006
Purchase or transfer
1.VAT on vehicles, servicing/
repair parts, tyres
15 12.83
New vehicle sales 1.176 18.99 3.574 7.089 0.709
Second-hand vehicle sales 0.074
2.05 0.068 0.622 0.088
Services and repair + tyres 1.416 3.735 4.968 1.504
Accessories and spare parts 0.865 1.225 2.298
2.Fuels & Lubricants
3.Sales & registration taxes
Annual ownership taxes
–
4.768 5.765 14.956 39.92 17.116 33.173 2.608 2.339 33.49 6.654 3.428 3.239
0.51 0.319 23.791 1.418 1.785 0.896 1.712
1.465 1.463 9.221
8.94
2.25 1.341 0.794 0.802
Driving license fees 0.007 0.065 0.073
10.7
5.01
–
0.07
Insurance taxes
0.302 0.449 2.125
Tolls
1.217 0.457 8.193
Customs duties 0.093
Other taxes
TOTAL
EURO
0.55
0.52 0.285
11.281 12.148 50.49
11.3
3.32 0.733 3.898
0.47
12.1
6.8
46.6 23.45
1.28 0.797 1.211 1.553
N.A. 0.039
5.9 2.635 0.136
4.55
0.56
0.26
1.1
– 0.119
0.37 1.162
N.A. 0.136
0.86 1.766 0.089
79
27.9 62.231 4.298 5.086 67.43 16.565 5.918 6.782
79
27.9
62.2
4.3
GRAND TOTAL = € 381 BN or 3.5% GDP
5.1
67.4
16.6
5.9
6.8
6.5
3.71
78.8 45.07
9.8
66.1
key figures
6
A majority of West-European member states levy CO2-related car taxation
Current CO2-related car tax schemes differ widely
across the EU. Italy, for example, offers a one-off incentive
when purchasing a new car. France and the UK use
CO2 emissions systematically for taxing privately
owned and company cars. Similarly, France, the UK
and Luxembourg use CO2 emissions as the only factor
for car taxation, whereas others apply a combination
of criteria including car price, engine capacity and
CO2 emissions. Some countries impose rather arbitrary
cut-off points to increase tax rates stepwise.
CO2-related car taxation is levied in:
Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark,
Finland, France, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Portugal,
Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom.
More details can be found at
www.acea.be
the automobile industry p o c k e t g u i de
T A X A TIO N
AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Switzerland
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Germany
DK Denmark
IE Ireland
Cars
EE Estonia
IS Iceland
Passenger Cars
EL Greece
IT Italy
ES Spain
LT Lithuania
Vans
FI Finland
LU Luxembourg
Light Commercial Vehicles + minibus/coaches 3.5t
FR France
LV Latvia
HU Hungary
MT Malta
NL Netherlands
Europe EU27 + EFTA
NO Norway
Trucks
Medium Commercial Vehicles > 3.5t but 16t
Heavy Commercial Vehicles > 16t
Buses + Coaches
Buses > 3.5t
Eu15 Western Europe
PL Poland
EFTA Iceland / Norway / Switzerland
PT Portugal
Motor Vehicles
RO Romania
Cars + Vans + Trucks + Buses & Coaches
RS Serbia
SUVs Sports utility vehicles
PM particulate matter
CO carbon monoxide
NOx nitrogen oxides
CO2 carbon dioxide
Mn
g
tkm
GCW
Bn billion
t
tonne
pkm passenger-kilometre
GPD gross domestic product
NAFTA USA / Canada / Mexico
Mercosur Argentina / Brazil / Paraguay / Uruguay
ASEAN Brunei / Indonesia / Malaysia / Philippines / Singapore
CIS
CAFE
EEA OECD AAA VDA
OICA
CCFA
Thailand / Vietnam
Commonwealth of Independent States:
Armenia / Azerbaijan / Belarus / Kazakhstan / Uzbekistan
Tajikistan / Kyrgyzstan / Moldavia / Ukraine / Russia
Clean Air for Europe programme
European Environment Agency
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
Association Auxiliaire de l’Automobile
Verband der Automobilindustrie
Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d’Automobiles
Comité des Constructeurs Français d’Automobiles
RU Russia
SE Sweden
SI Slovenia
SK Slovakia
TR Turkey
UA Ukraine
UK United Kingdom
million
gramme
tonne-kilometre
gross combined weight
glossary
european automobile manufacturers a ss o ci a t i o n
photography
Roger Job | jobroger@hotmail.com
Over the course of 2007 and 2008, the acclaimed Belgian
photo reporter Roger Job explored the role of cars, trucks
and buses in everyday life. Job took the angle of employees
at vehicle manufacturing plants, captured the daily life
of truck chauffeurs, recyclers, retailers and firemen, and
observed people commuting, getting goods and groceries,
enjoying leisure trips, and living family life. A selection of
Job’s work for ACEA is printed in this booklet.
Avenue des Nerviens 85
B–1040 Brussels
T
+32 2 732 55 50
info@acea.be
www.acea.be