Technology Spotlights p.36

Transcription

January 2013
Downloaded from "www.sholehsanat.com"
Quench-Media
Effects p.21
Uptime Saves
Money p.25
New-Tech
Instrumentation
What is
Hardness? P.33
p.30
Technology
Spotlights p.36
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9
CONTENTS
On the Cover:
Rockwell or Vickers hardness
testing is depicted on a steel block,
and a calibration block is being checked
(courtesy of Tinius Olsen).
A R T I C L E S
Heat Treating
21
Effect of Quench Media on Steel Parts
S.C. Maidargi and Veenarani A.R –
Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering; Bangalore, INDIA
This article reports the findings of an investigation into the effect of different
quench media (oil and polymer) on the properties of different-grade steel parts.
Vacuum/Surface Treating
25
Saving Money by Maximizing Furnace Uptime
Productivity
Daniel H. Herring – The HERRING GROUP, Inc.; Elmhurst, Ill.
Maximizing furnace productivity requires a proactive approach, which must
continue throughout a unit’s operational lifetime. This requires careful planning
and anticipation of problems. Avoiding the hidden costs associated with
downtime is the key to saving money.
F E A T U R E
Process Control & Instrumentation
4 January 2013 - IndustrialHeating.com
30
New Technologies in Instrumentation
71
Clayton Wilson – Yokogawa Corporation of America; Newnan, Ga.
Control-room instrumentation has come a long way from the days of drag
pens on paper chart recorders. Instrumentation became smaller and lighter,
constructed of impact-resistant plastic cases and high-density semiconductors.
With all this new innovation, this article provides insight into what the future
holds for your instrumentation.
Materials Characterization & Testing
33
To Test Hardness, Know What Hardness Is
Wayne Hayward – Tinius Olsen; Horsham, Pa.
It isn’t hard to test a material’s hardness … once you settle on a hardness
definition. As a property of every solid material, hardness is a much desired
application requirement, but it is very elusive in terms of a single standard or
description.
8
COLUMNS
8
t’s
a
h
W
?
w
e
N
Editorial
What’s New?
The 2013 slate is relatively clean at the moment, so it’s an
opportunity for us to write a few things on it that may (or may
not) affect our businesses in the next 12 months. Here’s a glimpse
of what we are seeing.
10 Federal Triangle
Convergence – Technology and Events
Barry Ashby gives a history lesson on dog tags before tackling
the domestic energy market. According to the author, America
can be on its way to becoming a self-sustaining domestic energy
supplier as well as the world’s largest energy producer and one
of the largest energy exporters.
10
12 The Heat Treat Doctor™
Tool-Steel Carbides
Tool-steel heat treatment is based on a simple premise. To obtain
the optimum performance from any given grade, every step of
the heat-treating process must be precisely controlled – from
stress relief and preheating to austenitizing temperature and
time, quenching, deep freeze and tempering.
14 MTI Profile
Phoenix Heat Treating
12
DEPARTMENTS
16
20
20
87
88
Industry News
IH Economic Indicators
Industry Events
Literature Showcase
Products
89
91
92
98
Aftermarket
Employment Marketplace
Classified Marketplace
Advertiser Index
SPECIAL SECTION
36 Technology Spotlights
14
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USA
INDUSTRIAL HEATING (ISSN 0019-8374) is published 12 times annually, monthly, by BNP Media, Inc., 2401 W. Big Beaver
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IndustrialHeating.com - January 2013 5
Everyday Metallurgy
Carbon Nanotubes – Future Building Blocks
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have probably existed
longer than we are aware,
aware
aw
are,,
but the invention
ntion
nti
on of the transtrans
tr
ans-mission electron microscope
allowed them to be seen for
the first time. The initial buzz
associated with CNT resulted
after the 1991 discovery of
multi-walled CNT in the insoluble material of arc-burned
graphite rods.
IH Monthly Prescription
The Heat Treat Doctor, Dan Herring, sits down with IH Editor
Reed Miller every month to talk technical.
This month, Dan and Reed discuss cooling.
January’s Rx is sponsored by SECO/WARWICK.
Online Exclusive
Featured Event
Maximizing Vacuum-Furnace Gas-Quenching Performance
Typical vacuum-furnace designs incorporate motors and fans that
operate below the normal synchronous speed of the motor and
only permit operation in a constant torque region. This limitation,
combined with variable quenching pressure ranges, limits the fan to
peak performance at one general speed and pressure combination.
Learn about a new design that permits a larger span of quenching
pressures to take advantage of the motor horsepower rating. Read
this article, provided by Solar Manufacturing, only at our website.
IQ Technologies Inc. is hosting an all-day intensive water
quenching workshop on April 24 in Cleveland, Ohio, to provide
attendees with an overview of IntensiQuench processes and
production IQ equipment and to examine the data from actual
part studies. Go to page 20 for more information.
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Advancements in
Gear Hardening
GEAR HARDENING
Single Precise Frequency Profile Hardening.
Recognizing the demand for
greater equipment simplicity has
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Tel: 800-547-1527
THE GLOBAL FORCE IN
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Editorial
Reed Miller, Associate Publisher/Editor | 412-306-4360 | reed@industrialheating.com
What’s New?
H
appy New Year! We at Industrial Heating are hopeful
that this new year brings many successes for you
personally and professionally. The 2013 slate is
relatively clean at the moment, so it’s an opportunity
for us to write a few things on it that may (or may
not) affect our businesses in the next 12 months. Being an editor
does not give me a crystal ball to see the future, but it does give
me access and opportunity to look around and survey the horizon.
Here’s a glimpse of what we are seeing.
The Economy
As I write this, much is unknown about
the upcoming fiscal cliff and whether our
elected representatives have the tenacity
to do something about it. If not, it’s likely
that individuals will not see a huge impact
immediately, unless you are one of the ones
to lose your job. As time goes on, however,
who knows? A number of jobs will be lost
if sequestration is allowed to move forward.
This may certainly affect those who serve
the military and aerospace sectors of our industry. Unfortunately,
entitlements – including our newly imposed government healthcare program – will need to be impacted, and politicians don’t have
the will to see that happen. Interesting (and unsettling) times!
This uncertainty is what causes business to stall.
Energy
Recent forecasts indicate that the U.S. could be the world’s largest oil producer by 2020. These predictions don’t reflect government “involvement” in this industry, which is not at all unlikely.
Watch what happens to permits for liquid natural gas (LNG) export facilities, which are currently sitting on the President’s desk.
We understand that eight LNG terminals are currently being constructed (and permitted), and only one has permission to operate.
If your company has the opportunity to support this growing
oil and natural gas industry, the future looks good in spite of what
the administration (and a green agenda) might do to slow it down.
Look at areas such as LNG shipping/infrastructure (tankers and
terminals) as good growth markets in 2013 and beyond.
Another growth area appears to be natural gas engines for
trucks and buses. Companies in this business are likely to expand
and need thermal-processing support for this growth. Along these
lines, companies involved in the growth of natural-gas-fired power
plants in the U.S. may need support from our industry as they
expand in the coming decade.
Global Warming
Don’t know if it’s just me, but the talk of global warming seems
to have come roaring back (from nowhere) since the election. In
a Nov. 14 press conference, President Obama went on the record
saying, “I am a firm believer that climate change is real.” He follows
by saying that he believes we have an obligation to future generations to do something about it. If only he was saying the same thing
about the deficit and unemployment. It’s not surprising that this
discussion is being revived, even though recent reports have virtually discredited the theory. Global control freaks just can’t seem to
let it go. Watch out for and oppose carbon taxes. The future of our
industry depends on not allowing this line of thinking to continue.
We certainly don’t have time to do this discussion any justice,
but natural gas use is a great way to reduce atmospheric CO2.
While the biggest “greenies” want to oppose natural gas along
with everything except “renewables,” this position is untenable for
our future. As two WSJ writers recently reported, “No realistic
scenario foresees renewables making more than a marginal
contribution in the developing world for many decades.” They go
on to say, “The dual solution of profitable conservation (beloved
by liberals) and clean fracking (touted by conservatives) may
not fully satisfy either side. But we hope it can provide a middle
ground on which political factions can come together.” I couldn’t
have said it better.
Other Future Opportunities
In the past, we have mentioned nanotechnology as a potential
growth area. It’s still out there, but growth seems to be “small.”
Look to the development of robots for a number of future
opportunities (e.g., warfare, household chores, nursing, athletic
training, etc.). Robot manufacturing will likely require assistance
from our industry. Additive manufacturing (3-D printing) will
also see significant growth.
TiO2 coatings will be increasingly used in areas such as selfcleaning buildings and clothing to help cotton shed stains and
eliminate odor-producing bacteria.
Self-driving cars are expected to hit the mainstream market in the next 20 years or so. What might be necessary
to support this development? Electric cars are likely to see
greater acceptance and usability as more highways implement fast-charging stations, particularly on the West Coast.
What will actually happen in the next year and beyond? It’s really
a guessing game, but we hope that some of the ideas presented
here help to spark thoughts about how your business can participate and grow in the future. All the best for a productive and prosperous 2013. IH
Reed Miller,
Associate Publisher/Editor
When you turn to Castalloy’s line of quality castings
and fabrications for the thermal processing industry,
you will experience increased productivity that will
impact your company’s bottom line. Our products are
expertly designed to offer energy savings, minimize
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Castalloy products provide the flexibility to handle
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1701 Industrial Lane
PO Box 827
Waukesha, WI 53189
www.castalloycorp.com
Whether you choose our standard products or work with
our engineers to customize fixtures for your application,
Castalloy can take the heat. As a leader in the industry,
Castalloy continues to offer quality products, at
competitive prices and better value.
CASTALLOY
ph 262-547-0070
or 800-211-0900
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Your Single Source for Thermal Processing Products
email: castalloy@castalloycorp.com
Federal Triangle
Barry Ashby, Washington Editor | 202-255-0197 | askbarry@industrialheating.com
Convergence – Technology and Events
D
id you ever think about how much technology and
national
events adjust industry’s course and future?
n
Let’s
combine
historical events with a look at the
L
birth
and
maturation
of an industrial activity in this
b
context.
Before the battle of Mine Run from Nov. 27 to Dec. 2, 1863,
Union General George Meade expected troubles for his troops
and encouraged them to write their names and unit designation
on paper tags pinned to their uniforms. Some
troops fashioned tags from wood chips with a
hole in one end to be worn on a string around
the neck. These soldiers wanted their families
to know that they were not among the
unidentified lost on this field of horrors (42%
of Civil War dead remain unidentified). It was
a New Yorker, John Kennedy, who offered
to furnish all Union soldiers with ID tags in
1862. His letter, together with government’s
summary refusal, can be viewed at the
National Archives. Bureaucrats haven’t changed much in the past
150 years, have they?
The first official advocacy of personnel identification came in
1899 when Chaplain Charles Pierce, establishing a U.S. Army
Quartermaster Office of Identification, suggested issuance of
“identification discs.” By 1913 identification tags were mandatory,
and all combat soldiers wore aluminum discs on chains around
their necks by 1917. In World War II these were replaced by the
oblong, steel shape known as “dog tags.”
The U.S. Army is currently using dog tags that achieve the
original purpose of identification but now also contain 80%
of every soldier’s medical and dental history on an embedded
microchip. Dog tags are now plastic and not metal. There
are now 668 identification-tag makers nationwide. All of
this changed since 1863 because technology evolved to meet
needs which industry converted via innovation into use with
understanding of markets. Now we have an analog to this
industrial evolution process.
In recent years this column has discussed the availability of
fossil fuels for a healthy economy. While America is blessed with
rich resources and our world is in transition, only recently has
our country become the focus of an energy revolution and an incredible shift in global energy markets. This is brought on by new
technology via well (hydraulic) fracking and horizontal drilling,
which has opened vast, affordable, producible reserves of both
natural gas and petroleum.
Looking at these supplies separately, U.S. gas prices are
currently about $3 per mcf. In Europe the price is $11, and
in Asia it’s about $17. But gas to meet many market needs
does not go into a Texas pipeline or come from some well in
Pennsylvania. It is transported on a ship as liquefied natural
gas (LNG), which is expensive to make and export. Also, the
U.S. has no export facilities. One is currently being built in
Louisiana by Cheniere Energy that should be operational in
2015. Another – the Golden Pass terminal in Texas – is a joint
venture between Qatar Petroleum and ExxonMobil that costs
about $10 billion.
Most of the demand for natural gas imports comes from Asia.
India, the world’s second-most populous country, consumes about
three times more gas than it produces. Just 7% of India’s energy
consumption in 2010 was fueled by natural gas. Like China, the
country still uses coal for the overwhelming majority of its energy
needs. Indonesia only produces about 2.7% of world supplies, but
it has the world’s fourth-largest population. Japan is the largest
importer and, according to International Energy Agency figures,
increased its LNG imports by 20% last year. Korea is the world’s
fifth-largest importer.
China, the world’s most populous country, produced 3% of
the world’s 2011 supplies and became a net importer in 2007 as
its demand for natural gas increased to meet the needs of its developing infrastructure. And while natural gas represented just
4% of China’s energy consumption in 2009, the government
has pledged to increase the natural gas share to 10% by the year
2020. China increased its imports by a massive 31% in 2011,
and experts expect volumes to increase more than threefold by
2020. This will be a huge fundamental driver for LNG for the
next 50 years.
America can be on its way to becoming a
self-sustaining domestic energy supplier as
well as the world’s largest energy producer
and one of the largest energy exporters.
Europe is also chronically short on gas. Italy and Germany
occupy the numbers two and three world-importer spots,
respectively. Due to the sheer size of the U.S. economy, the
amount of natural gas storage available and trade that America
supports, we were the fourth-largest world net importer in 2011.
America can be on its way to becoming a self-sustaining
domestic energy supplier as well as the world’s largest energy
producer and one of the largest energy exporters. Nobody expects
this, but it will happen. A reason to mention it here is to advise
readers about this wonderful business opportunity. IH
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Fax: 815.963.5673
The Heat Treat Doctor
Daniel H. Herring | 630-834-3017 | heattreatdoctor@industrialheating.com
Tool-Steel Carbides
T
o
oday,
tool-steel heat treatment is based on a simple
premise.
To obtain the optimum performance from any
p
given
grade,
every step of the heat-treating process must
g
be
precisely
controlled
— from stress relief and preheatb
ing to austenitizing temperature and time, quenching, deep freeze
and tempering. Process and/or equipment variability cannot be
tolerated, which is why vacuum processing (Fig. 1) is a popular
choice for tool-steel heat treatment.[1]
The selection of any tool steel depends
on a combination of factors including component design, application end-use and
performance expectation. For any given application, the goal of heat treating is to develop an optimized microstructure (Fig. 2)
to help achieve the proper balance of desired properties (Table 1), namely hot (red)
hardness, wear resistance, deep hardening
and/or toughness.
Carbide Influence[3]
As we know, tool steels are alloyed with different types of carbideforming elements including vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum,
chromium and, in some alloys, cobalt. The addition of alloying
elements serves two basic purposes: to improve hardenability and
to provide harder and thermally stable carbides.
Carbides contribute to strengthening of tool steels in two different ways:
1. Carbides provide resistance to (abrasive) wear given that alloy
carbides are significantly harder than the matrix material.
2. Carbides contribute to higher yield strengths by impeding the
mobility of matrix dislocations.
Carbide-forming elements are, in general, substitutionally dissolved in the crystal lattice (i.e. ferrite or austenite). In other
words, when atoms are relatively similar in size, the atom-exchange
method is by direct exchange (i.e. substitution). Thus, these elements tend to cause local lattice distortions (since their atomic
radii are different from that of iron). However, the total strain is
minimized so that less total lattice distortion results. Hence, there
is a driving force for diffusion of alloying elements to these sites.[4]
Diffusion of substitutionally dissolved elements is temperaturedependent. At temperatures above approximately 500˚C (930˚F),
which is lower than the typical tempering temperatures for most
tool steels, the diffusion of alloying elements becomes significant,
and they will start to develop carbides.[5] The effect of precipitation of alloy carbides is evident, especially in high-speed steels,
where precipitation of fine and ultrafine alloy carbides starting at
approximately 550˚C (1020˚F) is responsible for the secondaryhardening effect, giving these steels excellent red hardness.[6]
Even in alloys that contain a relatively large amount of strong
carbide-forming elements, however, MC-type carbides do not form
below approximately 300˚C (570˚F).[5]
It is also noteworthy that alloy carbide grows at the expense
of cementite (Fe3C→alloy carbide) either in-situ by nucleation at
Fig. 2. A2 tool-steel microstructure – 1250X, 2% Nital
Fig. 1. Typical tool-steel hardening-furnace installation
(Courtesy of Aston Metallurgical Services Company, Inc.)
This month's IH Monthly Prescription is about Cooling, which follows Heating in December. Every month,
Dan Herring sits down with IH’s editor, Reed Miller, to talk technical. If you have a topic you would
like them to discuss, drop us an e-mail at reed@industrialheating.com. Find the podcast on our
website. IH Monthly Prescription is sponsored by SECO/WARWICK.
cementite/ferrite interfaces followed by growth or from dissolution
of cementite by separate nucleation and growth at favorable lattice
locations.
Finally, caution should be observed because carbides, although
beneficial in tool steels for a number of reasons (e.g., strength and
wear resistance), are also likely crack-initiation sites in instances
where high application stress is involved.
Carbide Characteristics
Tungsten and Molybdenum Carbides
Tungsten (W) promotes the formation of M6C-type carbides [7]
where the metal (M) is tungsten, iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo)
or a combination. These carbides dissolve in the austenite matrix
at temperatures ranging from approximately 1150˚C (2100˚F) to
the solidus temperature. However, in practice they do not dissolve
completely since time at austenitizing temperature is typically
only a matter of a few minutes.
Molybdenum (Mo) promotes formation of M2C-type carbides.[7]
These carbides become unstable at elevated temperatures, and
they transform to M6C-type carbides by reaction with iron at approximately 750˚C (1380˚F).[7,8]
The addition of both tungsten and molybdenum typically results in grain refinement.[9] The fraction of Mo and W bounded as
carbides ties up carbon and improves hardenability (by raising Ms
and Mf temperatures). The fraction of tungsten and molybdenum
in solid solution slows down pearlite and bainite nucleation and
growth.
Vanadium Carbides
Vanadium (V) forms very hard and thermally stable MC-type carbides (typically M2C) as isolated particles. These carbides improve
resistance to abrasive wear and provide excellent cutting performance.[7, 9, 10]
Vanadium carbides have highly limited solubility in the lattice
matrix. Therefore, addition of vanadium will not delay the rate of
diffusional decomposition of austenite. The Ms and Mf temperatures are raised by binding carbon (i.e. forming carbides), thereby
improving the hardenability. Adding vanadium also results in
grain refinement of the matrix.[9]
Chromium Carbides
In tool steels, chromium will form carbides – typically type Cr23C6
and in some instances Cr7C3 – during annealing, depending on
the chromium content. These carbides dissolve during austenization at temperatures exceeding approximately 900˚C (1650˚F) and
are totally dissolved at approximately 1100˚C (2012˚F).[10]
Cobalt Carbides
Cobalt raises the temperature at which martensite transformation begins and is complete. Cobalt is the only alloying element in
high-speed steels, for example, that can appreciably increase the
Table 1. Effect of tool-steel alloying elements on properties [2]
Tool-steel property characteristic
Alloying element (by potency)[a]
Hot (red) hardness
W, Mo, Co (with W or Mo), V, Cr, Mn
Wear resistance
V, W, Mo, Cr, Mn
Deep hardening[b]
Mn, Mo, CR, Si, Ni, V
Toughness[c]
V, W, Mo, Mn, Cr
Notes: a) Distortion is best managed by additions of Mo (with Cr), Cr and
Mn. b) Tool must be austenitized at a high enough temperature to dissolve
the vanadium carbide. c) Toughness is achieved via grain refinement.
thermal stability up to approximately 650˚C (1200˚F) and secondary hardness up to 67-70 HRC [8] at the expense of toughness and
wear resistance.[9]
The addition of cobalt also causes the solidus temperature to
rise. It is possible to dissolve a larger percentage of cobalt carbides
during austenization, which enhances hardenability. The high
austenization temperature results in a relatively large amount of
retained austenite after quenching, but this effect is somewhat
compensated for by a lower stability of the austenite owing to the
presence of cobalt.[10, 11]
Concluding Thoughts
Understanding the role of carbides and carbide dissolution in tool
steels is important to ensure optimal metallurgical characteristics
are achieved so that optimum tool performance results. IH
This column (and references) can be seen
in its entirety online
References
1. Herring, Daniel H., “Frequently Asked Questions about Tool Steel
Heat Treating,” Industrial Heating, July 2010.
2. Herring Daniel and Patrick McKenna, “Vacuum Heat Treating of Tool
Steels,” Moldmaking Technology, May 2011.
3. Hojerslev, Christain, Tool Steels, Riso National Laboratory, 2001.
4. Porter, D. et al. “Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys, 2nd Edition,” Chapman & Hall, 1992.
5. Zackery, V. “Decomposition of Austenite by Diffusional Processes,”
John Wiley and Sons, 1962.
6. Wilson, R. “Metallurgy and Heat Treatment of Tool Steels,” McGrawHill Book Company (UK) Limited, 1975.
7. Pippels, E. et al. “Microstructure and Nanochemistry of Carbide Precipitates in High-Speed Steel S 6-5-2-5,” Materials Characterization
43:41-55 (99).
8. Geller, Y. “Tool Steels,” Mir Publishers Moscow, 1978.
9. Vogel, C. et al. Metallurgi for Ingeniører 6th Edition. 1993.
10. Hoyle, G. “High Speed Steels,” Butterworths, 1988.
11. Roberts, G. et al. “Tool Steels” 5th edit, ASM International, 1998.
12. Bala, P., and J. Pacyna, “The Kinetics of Phase Transformations During Tempering in High-Speed Steels,” Journal of Achievements in
Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Volume 23, Issue 2, August
2007.
13. Krause, G., Steels: “Heat Treatment and Processing Principles,” ASM
International, 1990.
14. Herring, “What Do We Really Know About Tempering?,” Industrial
Heating, July 2007.
MTI Profile
Metal Treating Institute | 904-249-0448 | www.HeatTreat.net
Phoenix Heat Treating
Celebrating 50 Years of Service
A
s Phoenix Heat Treating Inc. celebrates 50 years
oof existence in 2013, we look back with pride to
rrecognize a heat-treating heritage that spans nearly
1100 years.
In 1915, the great-grandfather of Peter Hushek, current owner
and president of Phoenix Heat Treating, began his heat-treating
career in the Midwest. Charles Wesley Sr. spent his life serving
customers as a commercial heat treater, and he was also one of the
founding members of the Metal Treating Institute (MTI) in the
mid-1930s. Following in his footsteps were Peter’s grandfather and
his father, Chuck, who launched Phoenix Heat Treating in 1963.
Peter earned his metallurgical engineering degree in 1982, and he
continues to distinguish the company as a resource that provides
“Intelligent Heat Treating™” to its customers.
Atop that strong four-generation foundation, the company has
grown into one of the premier commercial heat treaters serving
principally the western states of Arizona, California, New Mexico
and Nevada as well as Sonora and Chihuahua, Mexico. Service,
however, is not limited to those states. Phoenix Heat Treating has
earned a reputation for tenacity when it comes to solving difficult
processing scenarios. The company considers the full spectrum
of knowledge and process understanding from raw material
conditions prior to heat treating all the way through to finished
microstructures and post heat treating processes.
Phoenix Heat Treating is a full-service resource that provides
virtually every type of heat treating from more than 50 furnaces.
Atmosphere processes include large pit and integral-quench furnaces for through-hardening, carburizing, carbonitriding and ferritic nitrocarburizing. The company also offers
fluidized-bed processing. Phoenix Heat
Treating operates a substantial vacuum
department with seven furnaces, including several large furnaces, with one
having a 90-inch-deep hearth capable
of hardening 5,000-pound loads. The
company offers drop-bottom furnaces
for aluminum processing, induction
hardening and neutral salt processing,
which includes marquench and austempering capabilities. Phoenix Heat Treating provides metal finishing, including
electropolishing, passivating and copper
plating. In-house copper-plating capabilities meet the strict requirements for milspec mask carburizing, and the one-stop
approach saves customers turnaround time and simplifies their
purchasing process.
Customers vary from a wide range of commercial accounts
to ultra-high-tech clients that provide manufactured parts and
systems to aerospace, defense, electronic and medical industries.
Phoenix Heat Treating is an approved source for many prime
suppliers, including Honeywell, Boeing, General Electric,
Rolls-Royce, Lockheed Martin, Bell Helicopter and Hamilton
Sundstrand to name just a few. The company routinely
processes the elite aerospace parts that fly through all levels of
the atmosphere, from civilian and commercial to military and
space exploration.
A leading-edge process automation system is proof to a
companywide commitment to quality. Phoenix Heat Treating,
which is Nadcap-accredited, has been a pioneer in electronic
furnace control systems and electronic record archiving. The
company’s digitally deployed recipe system ensures a highly
repeatable and thoroughly controlled process that is backed up by
its second-generation automated video documentation system.
Phoenix Heat Treating delivers a superior-quality service at a
competitive cost. Whether you require quick-turn heat treating of
stamped parts with programmed recipe cycles to ensure exactness
in heating, soaking and quenching, or vacuum processing of
stainless, high-speed, superalloys, tool steels and aluminum alloys,
we are a single-source solution for your needs.
Visit www.phoenix-heat-treating.com for more information.
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Equipment News
Mesh-Belt Furnace System
Can-Eng Furnaces International Ltd. received an order to supply a 4,000-pound/hour
continuous mesh-belt atmosphere furnace system to Commercial Steel Treating Corp. of
Madison Heights, Mich. This system is designed to provide neutral
hardening and carbonitriding processes for high-volume automotive fasteners and small stamping
products. The automated system
includes a computerized loading
system, mesh-belt atmosphere furnace, oil-quench system, pre- and
post-wash systems, and level-2 automation systems.
www.can-eng.com
Vacuum Pump
Metallurgical High Vacuum (MHV) of Fennville, Mich.,
shipped a Survivor™ model HD300 vacuum pump to a
U.S.-based heat treater. The pump, which will be used on
an Ipsen-built furnace, provides longer life because of its
robust construction and filtration that minimizes acids and
contaminants. MHV’s Survivor vacuum pumps use a proven
oil-sealed rotary piston design for excellent reliability, even
in demanding operating conditions encountered in heat
treating. Their pressurized oil lubrication increases pump
life significantly by filters that clean the oil of particulates
and acids. Clean oil is forced into the critical hinge bar/
piston slide tang interface. The eccentric bearing bands are
also pressure lubricated. www.methivac.com
Vacuum Furnace
Ipsen shipped a 2-bar MetalMaster® to an
aerospace company in southern Taiwan.
The unit’s round hot zone provides a work
zone of 72 inches x 72 inches with a normal
operating temperature range of 960-2400°F.
The single-chamber, batch-type vacuum
heat-treatment system is electrically heated
with a gas blower inert gas-quenching
system for uniform cooling to avoid the
deformation or twisting of parts. The
vertical chamber is heavy and doublewalled to provide full water cooling. The
flanged, pneumatically automatic operated
bottom cover is designed to ensure safe and
convenient positive-pressure quenching to
2 bar (or above) absolute pressure.
www.ipsenusa.com
Batch Heat-Treating System
AFC-Holcroft received an order from Hudapack Metal Treating for a new batch heattreating system. The order is comprised of two 36-inch x 72-inch x 36-inch UBQ (universal
batch quench) furnaces with atmosphere top-cool chambers, two UBT temper furnaces,
one UBTN nitrogen temper furnace and companion equipment. The equipment will
include AFC-Holcroft’s BatchMaster™
controls and Honeywell instruments,
and it will be CQI-9 compliant. The new
installation will also include a new EZSeries 9000 CFH endothermic generator.
The new batch line will be installed in a
brand-new 25,000-square-foot addition to
Hudapack’s Elkhorn, Wis., plant. The project
is scheduled for completion in the second
quarter of 2013.
www.afc-holcroft.com
Steel Degasser
Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum received a
steel degassing order from Jailaxmi Casting
& Alloys, an Indian steel producer. The
new order is for a compact mechanical
vacuum system for a 35-ton tank degasser.
It will incorporate the latest series of
RUVAC WH7000 roots pumps and the
dry screw pump DRYVAC DV1200. The
pumps are suitable for use in processes
that generate high levels of dust and
steam, and the easy maintenance keeps
operating costs low. According to Jailaxmi
Casting & Alloys, the new system offers the
right parameters to significantly reduce
energy costs while at the same time
guaranteeing a stable production process.
www.oerlikon.com
Hot Press
Thermal Technology designed and
manufactured a 50-ton hot press for a
California-based manufacturer of analytical
instrumentation. The system will be utilized
for diffusion bonding of highly advanced
sensors. The hot press offers a large usable
work space with a four-side molybdenum
hot zone rated to 1600˚C (2912˚F) and
operates in an inert-gas, high-vacuum or
partial-pressure environment.
www.thermaltechnology.com
At FNA 2012
SEEING WAS BELIEVING
North American Cronite is so confident in the quality,
value and durability of it's products that we actually
displayed fixtures that were 3, 8 and 10 years old.
Actual fixtures that were used ...
and abused in the field for up to a decade.
8
Year Old
Fixture
10
Year Old
Fixture
Better by Design
More efficiency
y with dedicated fixtures
NORTH AMERICAN CRONITE
37162 Sugar Ridge Rd., North Ridgeville, OH 44039
Phone: 440-353-6594 • Fax: 440-353-6599
E-mail: nac@afecronite.com • www.afegroup.com
AFE Cronite
3
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Industry News
Induction Heating System
Precision Castparts Acquires Timet
SMS Elotherm received an order from Brazil’s Forjasul Canoas for the supply of an EloForge™
induction heating system. SMS Elotherm will integrate the system into Forjasul’s existing
plant in Rio Grande do Sul and customize it
precisely to production requirements. With
nominal power of 500 kW, the system will
heat up to 1,250-kg (2,755-pound) steel billets
with 51 mm (2 inches) in diameter per hour to
the required temperature of 1250°C (2282°F).
The project with Forjasul is one of two
current orders for an EloForge from Brazil. The
system will be commissioned in spring 2013.
www.sms-group.com
Precision Castparts Corp. (PCC) entered
into a definitive agreement to acquire Titanium Metals Corp. (Timet) for approximately $2.9 billion. According to PCC, Timet’s melting expertise and PCC’s forging
and conversion assets are a complementary strategic fit. In addition, Timet will provide PCC with the titanium capability that
has been a key missing piece of its overall
product portfolio. Timet is the largest independent titanium manufacturer in the U.S.
and offers a full range of titanium products,
including ingot and slab, forging billet and
mill forms. The company operates seven primary melting or mill facilities in Henderson,
Nev.; Toronto, Ohio; Morgantown, Pa.; Vallejo, Calif.; Witton, England; Waunarlwydd,
Wales; and Ugine, France; and employs approximately 2,750 people.
Business News
Steel Dynamics to Install Heat-Treating System
Steel Dynamics Inc. announced plans to install a state-of-the-art heat-treating system at its
Structural and Rail Division (SRD) in Columbia City, Ind. When operational, the system will be capable of producing up to 350,000 tons of standard-strength and head-hardened plain, carbon
steel rails for North America’s railroad industry. The expansion is expected to create around 40
new, full-time jobs and cost approximately $27 million. Steel Dynamics plans to commission the
heat-treating system by the end of 2013, with full production anticipated by early 2016.
Kobe Aluminum to Expand in Kentucky
Kobe Aluminum Automotive Products LLC (KAAP), a joint venture of Kobe Steel Ltd.,
Mitsui & Co. Ltd. and Toyota Tsusho Corp., will invest $11 million to expand its operations
in Bowling Green, Ky. The expansion will include a new 39,000-square-foot building and a
production line to produce cast-aluminum bars for use in car air conditioners. KAAP will also
install a melting furnace, holding furnace, horizontal casting line, homogenizing furnace, roll
straightener, and peeling and inspection line. The new plant will have a production capacity
of 4,000 metric tons per year, and start-up is scheduled for August 2013. KAAP expects the
expansion to create 15 new, full-time jobs.
Kennametal to Invest in Carbide Recycling Facility
Kennametal Inc. announced commencement of work to evaluate plans and potential
locations for an advanced carbide recycling facility in the U.S. to serve global markets.
The company will also expand tungsten-cobalt blended-powder operations at its existing
facility in Tianjin, China, to serve the Asia-Pacific region. Both projects focus on diversifying
Kennametal’s tungsten sourcing to balance supplies, costs and access to raw materials.
Kennametal is launching preliminary work to establish an advanced carbide recycling facility
in the U.S. where it will reclaim material from scrap and consumed products, such as metalcutting inserts, and reuse it for new production. By adding tungsten-cobalt blended-powder
capacity in Tianjin close to China’s source mines, the company expects to streamline customer
service in that region while reducing export delays and duties on the material.
Carpenter Powder Products, SB Specialty Metals Expand Agreement
Carpenter Technology Corp. announced an expanded long-term marketing and supply
agreement between its subsidiary, Carpenter Powder Products (CPP), and strategic customer
SB Specialty Metals LLC (SB). CPP is a leading global producer of gas atomized powder-metal
(PM) products and has facilities in Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Sweden. SB is one of the
largest tool-steel distributors in the U.S. and has 11 warehouse locations. Under the expanded
agreement, SB will purchase 100% of its requirements for PM tool and high-speed steels from
CPP. The agreement also grants SB exclusive North American distribution rights to use the
Micro-Melt® trademark in marketing and selling its products directly related to this deal.
Advanced Heat Treat Expands
Capabilities
Advanced Heat Treat Corp. (AHT) announced the expansion of in-house equipment at two of its four facilities – Waterloo,
Iowa, and Monroe, Mich. AHT has acquired
additional equipment over the past several
months to expand its capabilities. This new
equipment will allow AHT to offer UltraGlow® DLT (diamond-like treatment) and
UltraOx® “P”. These new services further
enhance the company’s array of UltraGlow
processes, which include pulse plasma ion
nitriding, ferritic nitrocarburizing, gas nitriding and induction hardening. According to
AHT, the expansion allows it to present better and more-suited heat-treating solutions.
Tata Steel, SMS Mevac to
Collaborate on VIM
Tata Steel announced a new collaboration
with SMS Mevac, which will design a new
facility for the production of high-purity vacuum induction melted (VIM) steels for the
aerospace industry at Tata’s Specialty Steels
business in Stocksbridge, South Yorkshire
(U.K.). VIM-derived steels are typically consumed in aircraft engine transmissions and
bearings as well as aircraft structural and undercarriage components where high-purity
steel with characteristics such as enhanced
fatigue life, improved corrosion resistance
and higher strength levels are critical. The
agreement helps Tata Steel strengthen its
position as a leading supplier of high-purity
steels to the global aerospace market.
2013 China Heat Treat & Furnace Show
The 4th China Heat Treat Forum
April 9-11, 2013, Suzhou Int'l Exhibition Center, Jiangsu, China
Concurrent Show:
China (Suzhou) Int'l Metallurgical Industry Expo
China (Suzhou) Int'l Foundry Expo
The 6th China Castpart Exhibition
ABP Induction
Inductoheat
Seco/Warwick
Opening Ceremony
Sponsor:
EBNER
China Iron & Steel Association (CISA)
Metallurgical Council-CCPIT (MC-CCPIT)
China Foundry Association (CFA)
Organizer:
Metallurgical Council-CCPIT (MC-CCPIT)
Metallurgical Center for Int'l Exchange and Cooperation
Beijing Zhongzhu Century Exhibition Co., Ltd.
Newsteel Media (Industrial Heating China)
Official Media:
Contact:
USA: Doug Glenn, +1-412-3064351, doug@industrialheating.com
China: Arlen LUO, +86-10-88579899, nsmchina@126.com
The biggest show in 2013 for 5 halls, 1,100 exhibitors, 20,000 attendees
Industry News
In Brief
• AFC-Holcroft signed a cooperative agreement with REMIX of
Poland. REMIX will extend AFC-Holcroft’s manufacturing and
service reach further within Europe.
• Induction Tooling Inc. (ITI) of North Royalton, Ohio, received
accreditation from the American Association for Laboratory Accreditation (A2LA) to ISO/IEC 17025:2005 General Requirements
for Calibration and Testing Laboratories for mechanical testing of
ferrous metals in their on-site metallurgical laboratory.
• Omega Engineering opened a new office in Shanghai, China, to
better serve customers in that country.
• Premier Furnace Specialists expanded its operations by adding
a new 20,000-square-foot facility with 35-foot-high crane bays
adjacent to its existing location in Farmington Hills, Mich.
• Rolled Alloys opened a new 40,000-square-foot service center
in Windsor, Conn.
• Surface Combustion Inc. was awarded a patent for the invention
of delivery of atomized liquid hydrocarbons to yield a reactive
atmosphere inside an industrial heat-treat furnace.
• Universal Stainless & Alloy Products achieved Nadcap
Materials Testing Laboratory accreditation at its Bridgeville, Pa.,
facility.
• von Ardenne Anlagentechnik endowed the Dr. Robert Bakish
award, a biannual $2,000 stipend to be given for the best paper
dealing with high-power electron beam melting.
Economic Indicators
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Industry Events
Featured Event
Intensive Water Quenching Workshop
April 24; Cleveland, Ohio
IQ Technologies Inc. is hosting an all-day workshop to provide attendees with an overview
of IntensiQuench® processes and production IQ equipment, examine the data from actual
part studies, and give you a forum to discuss the application of intensive quenching to
enhance the performance properties of your heat-treated products.
The workshop will help answer these questions for you:
• How can my heat-treated products benefit from intensive water quenching and save costs?
• How does the IQ process provide both enhanced strength and better ductility at the
same time?
• How does intensive quenching equipment differ from traditional water, oil, salt or gas
quenching systems?
Who should attend this workshop?
• Experienced heat-treat metallurgists and part designers who need better properties for their
products than possible from the traditional oil or high-pressure gas quenching processes.
• Steel product design engineers developing higher power density parts.
• Manufacturing engineers wanting to implement single-part processing and integrate
“green” heat-treating into the part manufacturing cell.
The technical program includes presentations by metallurgical scientists, CFD and Finite
Element modeling experts, and experienced heat
treaters. Registration ($250) is now open and seating
is limited. For more details, visit www.intensivequench.
com or call Dr. Michael Aronov, CEO, at 440-542-0821.
MARCH
3-7 TMS 2013 – 142nd Annual Meeting &
Exhibition; San Antonio, Texas
http://goo.gl/Z1kXd
5-6 Safety Standards Seminar, hosted
by IHEA; Chicago, Ill. www.ihea.org
12-14 Industrial Combustion Seminar,
hosted by Hauck Manufacturing Co.;
Cleona, Pa. www.hauckburner.com
28-30 CMPI 2013 – the 13th
International Heat Treatment & Industrial
Furnace Exhibition; Chongqing, China
www.cmpi.cn
APRIL
6-9 CastExpo & Metalcasting Congress
2013; St. Louis, Mo. hƩp://goo.gl/bvUhP
MAY
6-9 AISTech 2013 – The Iron & Steel
Technology Conference and Expo;
Pittsburgh, Pa. www.aist.org
FEATURE | Heat Treating
Effect of Quench Media on Steel Parts
S. C. Maidargi and Veenarani A. R. – Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering; Bangalore, INDIA
This article reports the findings of an investigation into the effect of different
media (oil and polymer) on the properties of different-grade steel parts.
S
t
teel
parts after manufacture
will
w not have desired properties
like wear resistance,
e
tensile
strength and surface
t
and
core
hardness.
To
attain these, heatd
h d
treatment processes like case hardening
(CH) or through hardening (TH) were
carried out in a sealed-quench furnace
and a rotary furnace.
The microstructure of the steel part
influences the hardness. The required microstructure is fine tempered martensite
(FTM), and the quench media has a very
important role in achieving this. Using
different grades of steels, the trials were
carried out in Savsol Q001 oil and Polyquench-GN polymer. Finally, comparative trials were also carried out in order to
determine the suitability of new quench
media. In terms of time and energy savings, polymer was found to be a better
quench media to get the required FTM
microstructure, which gave the improved,
desired properties.
Introduction
Heat treatment can be defined as “a process in which steels or alloys are acted
upon thermally so as to change their
structures and properties in the desired direction.” There are a variety of heat treatments – such as annealing, normalizing,
softening, case and through hardening,
etc. – to convert surface materials chemically and physically, ranging in thickness
from a few microns to substantial depths
in order to impart enhanced hardness and
wear-resistance properties.
Steel is our most important engineer-
ing material, and it responds well to heat
treatments. Fundamentally, all steels
are alloys of iron and carbon. Iron is the
primary metal used to make a variety of
steels, and carbon is the principal ingredient in most of the steels.[1]
In this study, CH (hardening the surface
of low-carbon steel at 900-1000˚C/16521832˚F for 2-6 hours) and TH (achieved by
austenizing and quenching with a carbonneutral atmosphere at 830-870˚C/15261598˚F for 2-3 hours) trials were performed. Quench processes were carried
out in different media – oil and polymer –
and comparative studies were also carried
out on different types of steel parts with
the aim of determining the better quench
media and improving the metallurgical
properties of a steel.[2]
The heat-treatment process, irrespective of technique (CH or TH), involves
heating, quenching and tempering. Heating is a process in which the steel part
is heated to a temperature at which it
changes from a ferrite crystal structure to
austenite.
Simultaneously, carburizing is performed to impart carbon content, which
enhances the hardness, wear and tensile
properties. It is carried out by exposing
the parts to a carbon-rich atmosphere,
which is created by utilizing carbonaceous
gases like methanol, LPG, etc. During
carburizing, various chemical reactions
occur in the furnace. Methanol on the
hot surfaces breaks into carbon monoxide
(CO) and hydrogen. The formed CO decomposes to nascent carbon, while LPG
changes to low-quality hydrocarbons and
nascent carbon. Finally, methane formation occurs, and it also decomposes to
nascent carbon.[3] This process is followed
by carbon diffusion, and it depends on the
Fick’s law of diffusion.[4]
Quenching is a process of rapidly cooling steel parts in oil or polymer from austenizing temperature.[5] The quenchants
used in this work are oil (Savsol Q001)
and polymer (PolyQuench-GN). Tempering is a process in which the quenched
steel part is heated below the critical
temperature (150-500˚C/300-932˚F) for a
Process cycle
Temperature
930˚C
Gas flow
2 Hrs - 45 min.
CH3OH (lph)
LPG (m3/hr)
840˚C
30 min.
4.2
3.3
4.2
3.0
Oil quench
Carbon potential %
0.8%
0.7%
Fig. 1. Schematic representation of CH process cycle on a 32-tooth gear (20MnCr5)
specified time to impart toughness.
The goal of heat treatment is the transformation of microstructure. The metallic materials consist of crystals or grains.
When they are heated (austenized), the
grains get larger in size, and the carbon
goes into solution. This red-hot steel is
austenite, and when it is rapidly cooled,
the grains transform. The result is a hard,
brittle, supersaturated solution called martensite. To reduce brittleness and to impart
toughness, tempering is carried out to convert (as-quenched) martensite into FTM.
Materials and Methods
Some of the properties of the oil and
polymer solutions were checked. Most
Case depth, mm
0.66
importantly, the cooling characteristics of
Savsol Q001 were determined by ivf smartquench method.[6] The other properties –
such as concentration by refractometer,
specific gravity by hydrometer and pH by
pH strips – were maintained around 10%,
1.05-1.07 and 9.9 respectively for the polymer solution.[7] Before comparative analysis, a few trials were carried out on CH and
TH processes in both the oil and polymer
quenchants to learn about the features of
the media. All the oil-quench trials were
carried out in a sealed-quench furnace
and polymer-quench trials in a rotary furnace.
Using oil, the first CH trial was carried out on a 32-tooth 20MnCr5 gear. The
100x
0.65
0.64
0.62
0.60
0.6
0.58
0.56
Case depth, mm
0.54
0
1
2
Time, hrs.
0.55
3
4
Hardness, HRC
Fig. 2. Effect of carburizing time on case
depth – CH on gear teeth
40
35
37
30
34
30
25
20
15
10
5
Hardness, HRC
0
440
460
480
500
Tempering temp. ˚C
100x
520
Case depth, mm
Fig. 4. Effect of tempering temperature on
hardness – TH on propeller shaft
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.7
0.58
0.61
Fig. 3. FTM of third trial with case depth of
0.65 mm
Fig. 5. FTM of third trial – hardness of 30
HRC
100x
0.65
0.5
Case depth
2
2.2
2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4
Time, hrs.
Fig. 6. Effect of carburizing time on case
depth – CH on bearing cup
Fig. 7. FTM of fifth trial with case depth of
0.77 mm
process cycle is shown in Fig. 1, and the
tempering cycle was carried out at 150˚C
(300˚F) for 90 minutes.[8] The third trial
was successful in attaining the property
requirements.
The last step of the process is metallography, which involves sampling the heattreated steel part, molding, grinding, polishing and etching. The same piece was
checked for microstructure and case depth
with a metallurgical microscope and hardness using a Rockwell machine. Utilizing
a conversion chart, tensile strength was
also noted.
Similarly, TH trials were carried out
on a 1541 shaft propeller. The temperature maintained in the process cycle was
850˚C (1562˚F) for 90 minutes and 450˚C
(842˚F) for 90 minutes in tempering. The
third trial was successful.
Using polymer, the first CH trial was carried out on an AISI 1018 bearing cup. The
temperature in the process cycle was 930˚C
(1706˚F) for 150 minutes, and the tempering cycle was 150˚C (300˚F) for 90 minutes.
Success was achieved after five trials.
Similarly, TH trials were carried out on
a propeller shaft. The temperature maintained in the process cycle was 850˚C
(1562˚F) for 90 minutes, and the tempering cycle was 600˚C (1112˚F) for 90 minutes. The second trial saw success.
Comparative studies on the CH process
were carried out by varying the time and
maintaining constant gas-flow rates and
temperature – 930˚C (1706˚F) for hardening and 150˚C (300˚F) for tempering. The
components studied include a 32-tooth
gear, En353 driveshaft, En36 rollers, MS
bolts, AISI 1018 washers and bearing cups.
Comparative studies on the TH process were carried out by varying time and
maintaining constant gas-flow rates and
temperature – 850˚C (1562˚F) for hardening and 450˚C (842˚F) for tempering.
The components studied include a propeller shaft, 15B25 screws, C48 break pin,
En48 clips and En31 piston pins. In the
first trial, even though the temperature
was constant, the hardness obtained in
the polymer quench was higher than in
oil. So, the temperature was decreased by
10˚C and properties were checked in the
other four trials.
Temperature, ˚C
Time, min.
Time, min.
160
140
Polymer
280
Oil
240
220
100
200
0.10
0.30
0.50
0.55
0.58
0.60
0.65
0.66
0.74
0.75
0.80
0.87
0.88
1.11
1.20
1.26
1.34
1.40
b)
260
120
Polymer
Case depth, mm
Case depth, mm
150
c)
380
Oil
360
110
340
320
Oil
d)
130
Time, min.
90
Polymer
70
Polymer
50
0.10
0.30
0.50
0.55
0.58
0.60
0.65
0.66
0.74
0.75
0.80
0.87
0.88
1.11
1.20
1.26
1.34
1.40
0.10
0.24
0.25
0.27
0.32
0.33
0.38
0.42
0.47
1.07
1.14
1.16
1.22
1.25
1.30
1.35
1.40
1.45
300
Case depth, mm
Case depth, mm
400
e)
380
f)
Time, min.
Oil
Time, min.
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
Oil
360
340
Polymer
320
0.10
0.24
0.25
0.27
0.32
0.33
0.38
0.42
0.47
1.07
1.14
1.16
1.22
1.25
1.30
1.35
1.40
1.45
300
Polymer
0.10
0.24
0.25
0.27
0.32
0.33
0.38
0.42
0.47
1.07
1.14
1.16
1.22
1.25
1.30
1.35
1.40
1.45
Time, min.
400
Case depth, mm
Case depth, mm
Polymer
Temperature, ˚C
Temperature, ˚C
865
860
870
870
865
860
855
850
Polymer
845
870
865
860
855
850
845
840
30
835
32
Oil
840
Oil
34
e)
835
Polymer
64
62
60
58
56
54
52
50
830
d)
36
855
Temperature, ˚C
Hardness, HRC
38
850
Oil
845
870
865
860
855
850
845
840
835
b)
840
Polymer
Oil
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
835
Hardness, HRC
a)
830
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
830
Hardness, HRC
Fig. 8. Comparative studies on CH process using (a) 32-tooth gear, (b) driveshaft, (c) rollers,
(d) bolts, (e) washers and (f) bearing cups
830
870
865
860
855
850
845
840
Oil
300
Oil
a)
180
0.10
0.30
0.50
0.55
0.58
0.60
0.65
0.66
0.74
0.75
0.80
0.87
0.88
1.11
1.20
1.26
1.34
1.40
200
Hardness, HRC
Polymer
The first trial of the TH process on a
propeller shaft was carried out by maintaining a constant temperature of 850˚C
(1562˚F) for both quench media. Both
were successful in achieving requirements,
but the core hardness obtained was lower
on rollers, bolts, washers and bearing cups
show that the polymer quench is better in
terms of time and energy because of the
shortened time requirement for polymer
quench due to its high quench severity
(Fig. 8).
40
c)
835
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
830
Hardness, HRC
Results and Discussion
In oil quench, the three trials of the CH
process on the 32-tooth gear demonstrates
that the case depth increases with the increasing carburizing time. The optimum
temperature required was found to be
930˚C (1706˚F) and the carburizing time
195 minutes (Fig. 2) with the FTM structure of the successful trial shown in Fig. 3.
On the other hand, the three trials
of the TH process on the propeller shaft
demonstrate that tempering temperature
is indirectly proportional to hardness. The
optimum tempering temperature (Fig. 4)
was found to be 500˚C (932˚F). The FTM
of the successful trial is shown in Fig. 5.
In the polymer quench, the five trials of
the CH process on the bearing cup show
that the CH process is mainly about carburizing time, and case depth is directly
proportional to carburizing time. The optimum temperature was found to be 930˚C
(1706˚F) and carburizing time 210 minutes
(Fig. 6). The FTM structure of the successful trial is shown in Fig. 7.
Similarly, the two trials of the TH process on the propeller shaft explain that the
hardness increases as the tempering temperature decreases, and the optimum temperature was found to be 550˚C (1022˚F).
Comparative studies were carried out
to determine the effect of quench media
on the properties of a steel part. The result of the CH process on the 32-tooth
gear and driveshaft showed that the time
requirement is lower in polymer quench
when compared to oil quench because
of its quench severity. With the polymer
quench, some distortions were observed
on gear teeth because of the repetitive
retort movements. The polymer-quench
severity produced cracks on the drive
shaft because the shafts are long, slender,
thin-walled components. The CH trials
Temperature, ˚C
Fig. 9. Comparative studies on TH process using (a) propeller shaft, (b) screws, (c) brake pins, (d) clips and (e) piston pins
in the oil quench compared with polymer because of its lower quench severity.
So, the line of oil in the graph coincided
with polymer (Fig 9a). The other trials
on screws, brake pins, clips and piston
pins were carried out by decreasing the
temperature by 10˚C in polymer quench.
Best-case scenario, even with the lower
temperature, the core hardness obtained
was higher in polymer because of its high
cooling rate (Fig. 9).
Conclusions
The following conclusions have been
drawn from the experimental results and
this analysis.
1. PolyQuench-GN quenchant is better in
terms of time and energy savings because
the cooling rate of the polymer solution is
higher than oil.
2. For a given temperature, case depth increases with the increasing carburizing
time.
3. An increase in the tempering temperature
decreases the hardness of the steel parts.
4. In comparative analysis, polymer quenchants were better in attaining required
case depth, tensile strength and core hardness within a shorter time compared to oil.
5. Polymer quenchants are not suitable for
crack-sensitive steels.
6. PolyQuench-GN has no negative impact
on environmental conditions, especially
during disposal activities.
References
1. Paul M. Unterweiser, Heat Treater’s Guide,
standards practices and procedures for
steel, Aug 1989, 5th ed., pp. 1-2.
2. G. Krauss, “Steels: Heat Treatment and
Processing Principles,” ASM International,
1990, p. 286
3. R.Collin, S.Gunnarson and D.Thulin, Journal
of the Iron and Steel Institute, “Mathematical Model For Predicting Carbon Concentration Profiles Of Gas-Carburized Steel”
210(10), 1972, pp. 785-789.
4. Dr Takeshi Naito, Practical carburizing
technology, Gas carburizing and material
strengthening methods, Sep 2002, 2nd ed.,
pp. 9-32.
5. “Tool and Manufacturing Engineers Hand-
6.
7.
8.
9.
book,” Vol 3, 4th ed., Society of Manufacturing Engineers, 1985, pp. 10-25.
ivf SmartQuench Manual, version 2.2, 6th
ed., Jun 2007, pp. 46-54.
Fuchs Technical Information, Quenchants
- Monitoring and Maintenance, 912 edition,
Jan 2011, pp. 7-12
HTUN, M.S. et al., Journal of Metals Materials
and Minerals, 2008 Vol 18, No. 2, pp. 191-197.
Robert F. Mehl, Michael Bever, “The Principles of Metallographic Laboratory Practice,” 3rd edition, pp. 1-265.
For more information: Contact Prof. S.C.
Maidargi, Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Dayananda Sagar Institutions, Shavige
Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout,
Bangalore - 560 078, Karnataka, India; tel:
(080)-26662226; fax: (080)-26660789; e-mail:
sureshmaidargi@yahoo.com.in.
Use this Tag to read a Heat
Treat Doctor column on
quench cracking.
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FEATURE | Vacuum/
Surface Treating
Saving Money by Maximizing
Furnace Uptime Productivity
Daniel H. Herring – The HERRING GROUP, Inc.; Elmhurst, Ill.
“It was only a tiny drop of water, now and then,” lamented the home owner.
“How was I to know that all those little drops would add up to a huge water bill?”
T
h same can be said of a heathe
treat
furnace that is always
t
down
for this reason or that.
d
Avoiding
the hidden costs asA
sociated with equipment downtime is the
key to saving money.
Proactive vs. Reactive Strategy
Maximizing furnace productivity requires
a proactive approach, which must
continue throughout a unit’s operational
lifetime. This requires careful planning
and anticipation of problems. The process
should begin even before the purchase
of a piece of equipment by matching
equipment and supplier capabilities with
production and process needs. Buying
good, well-built, high-quality equipment
and operating and maintaining it properly
will avoid most hidden costs.
Overall Equipment Efficiency
Overall equipment efficiency (OEE) is
a measure of how effectively your equipment runs, when you plan to run it. OEE is
availability times performance efficiency
times rate of quality. Here, availability is
the percentage of scheduled time that the
operation is available to operate (available
time divided by scheduled time).
For example, suppose a work center is
scheduled to run for a 435-minute shift.
However, the work center experiences 30
minutes of unscheduled downtime. The
available time equals 435 minutes (sched-
during the shift. If the time to produce the
parts (242 units times 1.5 minutes per unit)
is 363 minutes, then the performance is
363 minutes divided by 405 minutes, or
90%. Again, not bad, or so you think.
Now, let’s consider quality. Quality represents the good units produced as a percentage of the total units started, or good
units divided by units started.
Continuing our example, if a given
work center produces 230 good units during a shift, of the 242 units that were started, the quality equals 230 good units divided by 242 units started, or 95%. Again,
not bad, or so you think.
uled time) minus 30 minutes (downtime),
or 405 minutes. The availability is 405
minutes divided by 435 minutes, or 93%.
Not bad, or so you think.
Now, let’s look at performance. Performance represents the speed at which
the work center runs as a percentage of
its designed speed. In other words, parts
produced times ideal cycle time divided by
available time.
Continuing our example, if the available time is 405 minutes and the standard
rate for the part being produced is 40 units
per hour (or 1.5 minutes per unit), then
the work center produces 242 total units
Maintenance labor
Maintenance materials
Maintenance overhead
Lost customers
Equipment availability
Secondary failures
Idle production personnel
Higher cost of inventory
Late deliveries
Chain reactions
Lost production capability
Production overtime
Emergency parts deliveries
Standby maintenance labor
Temporary repairs
Higher product costs
Extra capacity
Ruined equipment
Supplier assist
Scrap & rework
Low morale
Frustration/aggravation
Best skills not always available
Fig. 1. Hidden
costs of unplanned
maintenance
FEATURE | Vacuum/
Surface Treating
Now, let’s calculate the OEE. In our
example, OEE = 93% (availability) x 90%
(performance) x 95% (quality) = 79.5%.
This tells us that our efficiency is not what
we should expect, and improvement is
needed and warranted.
Wasted labor
People
Quality control
Initial cost
Start-up
Maintenance
Bottlenecks
Equipment
Labor/
Overhead
Engineering
Sales expectations
Anticipatory Maintenance Planning
As with any good maintenance operation, finding and eliminating problems
even before they occur is part of a proactive approach (Fig. 1). The trend today is
toward planned preventive-maintenance
programs so that manufacturing output
remains consistent. Some strategies use:
• Component usage-time monitoring
(via hour meters)
• Critical spare-parts identification (onor off-site inventories)
• Analysis of detailed operational and
maintenance records
• Root-cause determination (when problems occur)
• Complete explanation of repairs (why,
what, where, when and how)
Planned preventive-maintenance programs also allow those involved with the
equipment to:
• Understand the external constraints
imposed by issues such as equipment
usage, operator experience and budgetary constraints.
• Understand how the equipment must
be serviced, asking questions such as:
✓ How should the equipment operate?
✓ How is it working now?
• Tailor the plan to meet realistic expectations.
✓ Identify necessary spares and have
them in stock.
✓ Understand which spares must come
from an OEM provider and which
can be purchased from third-party
suppliers.
• Divide the work effort into small areas
serviced by specific disciplines.
✓ Focus on those components or assemblies (internal or external) that
are critical to the functionality of
the operation.
✓ Do an exterior and interior review
and observe how components func26 January 2013 - IndustrialHeating.com
Product cost
Production
downtime
Management
Time loss
Reduced rate
Scrap
Outsourcing
Band-aid fix
Tooling
OEM delays
Fig. 2. The effects of manufacturing downtime[1]
tion and interact.
• Put the repair information into a useable (i.e. searchable) and retrievable
form in order to:
✓ Review needs with management.
✓ Get feedback through team meetings.
✓ Revise the plan as needed.
• Establish a mean time between failures
for key components.
✓ Conduct cause-and-effect analyses.
✓ Determine the root cause of a failure
(don’t just fix the obvious).
• Be disciplined.
✓ Realize the benefits of having a carefully structured, rigorously adheredto program (this is not punishment
but prevention). In other words, do
the job right, do the job on-time and
have the tools and supplies on hand
to succeed.
Scheduled maintenance can also aid
in the reduction of nonconforming production parts (i.e. scrap). Unacceptable
parts are often the catalyst for unplanned
downtime (Fig. 2). By being proactive in
your maintenance plans, you should be
able to minimize defective parts.
Hidden Costs of Downtime
Having reliable equipment directly relates
to minimizing downtime. The key factor
to consider when looking for a heat-treat
furnace is understanding the True Equip-
ment Cost (TEC), which equates to the
initial investment plus the total cost to
maintain (over time) divided by equipment life expectancy. In the heat-treat
world, this is often 30-50 years!
When considering the purchase of new
manufacturing equipment, initial purchase cost should not be the only factor
to consider, nor necessarily the most important factor in determining what to buy.
In addition to the initial cost of the equipment, there are other criteria that should
be factors in the decision, namely
1. Total equipment cost – This alone pro-
vides the true picture. When analyzing
the cost to purchase, one must include
not only the initial investment but also
the costs to operate and maintain. This
involves understanding the utilized
capacity of the machine in terms of
utilities, manpower, component parts,
energy and environmental factors. Recognize that all equipment experiences
downtime, whether planned or unplanned, but the amount of downtime
is most often dictated by the robustness
of the equipment and the responsiveness of those that service it (more on
this later).
Dependability must be an integral
part of the business decision. Ask
questions such as: Will the equipment
be reliable and available on a consistent
Total cost of ownership (TCO)
Acquisition
cost
+
Lifecycle cost
Planned and unplanned downtime
+
Operational costs
TCO = acquisition + maintenance + repair
+ operational + downtime costs
Fig. 3. Total cost of ownership
basis? Will it produce quality parts, safely,
while maintaining maximum uptime?
2. Equipment and process compatibility –
Meeting process requirements is a necessity that existing or new equipment
must achieve. Lengthening cycles or
compensating for design deficiencies
is unacceptable. Equipment that fails
prematurely or experiences processing
problems or unplanned interruptions
in production costs time and money.
Environmental safety should also be a
consideration because we can expect
more regulations as time goes on.
When equipment design reflects process requirements, optimal production
capacity can be achieved. Understand
if you are buying a heavy-duty or lightduty furnace and plan accordingly.
Heavy-duty furnaces can be pushed up
to (and often exceeding) manufacturer’s limits while light-duty equipment
typically cannot.
Uptime availability in the heat-treat
industry is typically 85%, and in some
(rare) instances approaches 90% and
above. Do not expect more out of your
system than you are willing to put into
it. Costs associated with unplanned
downtime may be 1-3% of asset value
per year.
Other factors to consider in the
equipment purchase are how you be-
lieve your processes and capacity demands will change over time. Because
we live in a customer-driven market,
we can be assured that demands will
change. Will the equipment be capable
of meeting these changes in the future?
3. Educate the workforce – Training plays
an important part in bottom-line profitability. Whether it is the operators,
supervisors, engineers or maintenance
staff, everyone needs to understand
their product, how it is being heat treated and the equipment in which the process takes place. In this way the support
staff (including quality and purchasing)
can participate more effectively when
something goes wrong.
A well-educated staff enables a
company to achieve the fastest, most
cost-effective solution to the problem.
Training and experience helps analyze
the problem quicker, determine a solution and communicate a plan of action
for service personnel to implement.
This process takes time and commitment on the part of management.
4. Apply automation and advanced controls – Smart adaptation of automation,
historical record-keeping and the ability to adapt to the changing needs of
heat treating can increase profitability with only incremental investment
costs. Automation takes the human
element out of the operating equation, but humans are needed to select
and design smart automation systems,
which means that sensors and control
devices must also be part of the planning process.
5. Avoidance of excess inventory and
WIP – To compensate for poor equip-
ment performance, one often builds
additional work-in-process inventory.
Costs associated with doing so, and often maintaining these increased levels
for months or years, can be the difference between being profitable or incurring a loss. Knowing when scheduled
maintenance will occur allows you to
manufacture parts before your equipment goes down. One can build just
enough inventory to make up for shortterm interruptions and avoid long-term
surprises. However, this assumes that
maintenance can be done without discovering or creating additional problems. If these occur, furnaces are down
for extended periods as companies
struggle to identify the source of a new
problem or fix the result of a malfunction or catastrophe.
6. Cost of emergency parts purchases – If
an unplanned failure occurs, it is imperative to get the heat-treat equipment
operational as quickly as possible. This
will involve getting the necessary parts
to repair the equipment. It also entails
costs to install and the cost of expedited
shipping. All of these increase the cost
of manufacturing even though production is at a standstill. Having the right
match of features and components on
the furnace and having a primary and
secondary (sometimes tertiary) supply
chain can avoid huge cost overruns.
7. Overtime and outsourced production –
During the time of an unplanned shutdown, you will still need parts. If other
equipment can be used to produce
those parts, overtime for manufacturing personnel may be required. This
will also increase utility costs and may
produce bottlenecks within the manuIndustrialHeating.com - January 2013 27
FEATURE | Vacuum/
Surface Treating
Fig. 4. Typical heavy-duty horizontal vacuum furnace (Courtesy of VAC AERO International)
facturing process. If there is
no other available equipment to use
for production, it may be necessary to
outsource your production to another
party. This may jeopardize your
promised delivery to your customer, and
it will certainly increase your costs.
8. Total cost of ownership (Fig. 3) – Lost
revenue due to downtime is a huge
factor in determining the total cost
of ownership (TCO). Cost of operation (life-cycle cost), maintenance and
repair costs as well as the cost impact
of unplanned downtime all factor into
TCO. If the issues causing downtime
are not corrected quickly and efficiently, they may lead to the loss of your customer, which ultimately means the loss
of market share. The heat-treat industry is a competitive market, so you don’t
want unplanned downtime affecting
your customer base.
Things mechanical and things electrical can be fixed. As we say in the
industry, we can throw enough money
at these problems, and eventually we
can solve them. However, no amount
of money can overcome a mismatched
process. When process and equipment
are not fully compatible, it will have
an impact on the quality of the parts
being produced.
9. Cost of product failure – Ever wonder
why we always have enough time to reprocess, but never seem to have enough
time to do the task right the first time?
Product failures, especially those that
escape the plant and make their way
into the field, are devastating. These
are true hidden costs that must be considered when selecting vendor partners.
10. Impact of equipment deterioration
over time – Everything wears out, and
all furnace components have a finite
life and must be replaced. We know
this and plan for it. When the same
components repeatedly fail or the
same systems break down time after
time, only then do we become aware
of the consequences of a poor equipment choice. Premature replacement
of component parts adversely affects
the bottom line. Determining the root
cause of these types of problems must
be priority one, and avoiding Band-aid
fixes is an absolute necessity.
11. Making wrong assumptions – Too of-
ten, the most overlooked areas of an
equipment purchase are the service
and support that your supplier will provide. Given the complexity of today’s
heat-treat equipment, your supplier
partner must be prepared to walk you
through the discovery process to determine why something went wrong; understand what happened; understand
what needs to be done to fix it; and
help plan and execute its repair.
Record keeping or maintenance
logs, for example, should not be written with today in mind. They should
tell a story that years later someone
can understand and learn from when
(not if) a similar problem reoccurs. Remember, the knowledge and expertise
of your OEM is often the determining
factor in the length of your downtime
and the minimization of lost profits. So,
keeping them informed of your current
equipment and the lessons learned will
not only benefit you but the industry as
a whole.
12. Look for the overlooked – Uptime
utilization is the goal in today’s costcompetitive and technology-driven
world. To streamline the manufacturing process, flexibility is required.
One must ask questions such as: Do
furnace pits make sense, or is it wiser
to integrate heat treating into the
manufacturing flow?
Design and/or material defects can
cause unnecessary direct costs (e.g.,
labor, materials) while fabrication, assembly or installation deficiencies can
produce unwanted delays, all causing
a hit to bottom-line profitability. Other potential threats that can cause
diminished returns are operator or
maintenance errors. When these factors are examined prior to equipment
purchase and plans are created to supplement the skills of the workforce,
there is a better chance of minimizing production costs and maximizing
throughput.
such, it is incumbent on vacuum-furnace
manufacturers to provide rapid support
capability. They should be an integral
part of resolving equipment problems.
This can be accomplished by such simple
means as dedicated phone lines at the
equipment for connection by OEM engineers, Internet troubleshooting, rapid-response teams, inventory of critical spares
by the OEM, advanced diagnostic tools
and well-trained engineering and service
personnel.
13. Be logical – Having a blank check to
purchase heat-treat equipment is a rare
commodity. Every company wants to
get the most value for the least dollar,
but not all equipment is created equal.
It’s important to understand that an
equipment purchase is a complicated
process – one that should be given
adequate time to evaluate the hidden
costs as well as the obvious costs. For
example, the life expectancy of heattreat equipment varies, but no matter
what the equipment’s duty lifetime,
you will need to partner with your supplier through its entire life. Ask yourself questions such as: Will the OEM
be there to support you long-term, and
are they committed (and staffed) with
proper engineering and service support? Be sure you and your supplier
agree on costs (both initial and ongoing), level of service and support, and
mutual expectations.
14. Separate needs from wants – It is
important to examine what the company’s needs are today and then project an estimate of future needs. The
goal is to purchase equipment that is
not only capable of meeting today’s
production capacity but is versatile
enough to meet tomorrow’s challenges
as well. In many cases, the materials,
processing requirements and load sizes
change, but the equipment features do
not. Therefore, building in and paying for flexibility up front will result in
long-term cost savings.
Vacuum-Furnace Example
Vacuum furnaces (Fig. 4) are a prime
example of a sophisticated purchase. As
The Bottom Line
OEMs need to differentiate themselves
by their support, service, speed and thoroughness. All of which helps their customers avoid the hidden costs of downtime. Many times low-priced, light-duty
furnaces with poor support ultimately cost
more to own and operate. Supplier partners who lack “critical velocity” or who
are unwilling or unable to assist add cost
to the user rather than save money in the
long run. Doing the small things – such
as managing and coordinating parts or
having personnel, assets and resources at
the ready – make worthy vendor partners
who save money by maximizing furnace
uptime productivity. IH
Advertise
Online
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Industrial
Heating
Build your brand and stay
in front of prospective
customers by building on
traditional print advertising
with one of IH’s many
online options.
www.industrialheating.com
References
1. Fitchett, Don and Mike Sondalini, True
Downtime Cost Analysis, Business Industrial
Network (www.bin95.com)
2. Drive Your Succe$$ (www.driveyour
success.com)
3. Bell, Donald R., “The Hidden Cost of Downtime: A Strategy for Improving Return on
Assets,” Maintenance Technology, July 2001.
4. Downtime Central (www.downtimecentral.com)
5. Alan Charky, VAC AERO International, Inc.
(www.vacaero.com), private correspondence.
For more information: Dan Herring is president of THE HERRING GROUP Inc., P.O. Box
884 Elmhurst, IL 60126; tel: 630-834-3017;
fax: 630-834-3117; e-mail: heattreatdoctor@
industrialheating.com; web: www.heat-treatdoctor.com. Dan’s Heat Treat Doctor columns
appear monthly in Industrial Heating, and he
is also a research associate professor at the
Illinois Institute of Technology/Thermal Processing Technology Center.
Contact
Susan Heinauer
at 412-306-4352
susan@industrialheating.com
FEATURE | Process
FEATURE | Process
Control & Instrumentation
New Technologies in Instrumentation
Clayton Wilson – Yokogawa Corporation of America; Newnan, Ga.
Control-room instrumentation has come a long way from the days of drag pens
on paper chart recorders and manually tuning temperature loops with trim pots.
Most of these instruments were large and heavy steel-cased units that performed
adequately for that time. Actually, some of these instruments may still be in use
in some facilities if they have been well taken care of.
A
s time marched on, instrumentation became
smaller
and lighter, constructed of impact-resistant
s
plastic
cases
and high-density semiconductors. Arp
chiving
data
was less and less a pen-and-paper acc
tivity and more an exercise in manipulating Excel spreadsheets
and encrypted data files. Controllers could tune themselves and
began implementing basic artificial-intelligence algorithms. With
all this new innovation, what is next in the field of instrumentation? I hope to give you an insight into what the future holds for
the instrumentation that you are currently familiar with, at least
from a Yokogawa perspective.
The advantage to this type of technology is obvious. There are
no wires to run. The reduction of noise due to the wires not being
run in a cable tray is a major deal, and the signals are all digital
and are not susceptible to noise. Isolation is also a major advantage
because there is no physical connection between the instrument
DX1000/DX2000
• Data acquisition
• Retransmission output
MW100 data logger
• Data acquisition
• Retransmission output
or
Wireless Technology
Wireless technology is not something that is typically thought
of in heat treating, but as more and more manufacturers are
adding wireless solutions and wireless options to their products,
this will be something that you will be confronted with soon.
The flexibility of wireless solutions enables less investment in
infrastructure while receiving greater insight into the facility’s
operations, where the measurements were previously too difficult
or uneconomical to implement.
Wireless allows process sensors to transmit data to instrumentation without the need for wires. Your processes and facilities
will determine what type of wireless technology you can use.
ISA100 technology is a scalable, reliable and secure platform
designed for facility operations with the ability to handle one
to 500 devices. For example, Yokogawa’s YTMX is a batteryoperated, eight-channel ISA100 wireless temperature transmitter designed to measure and transmit temperature points to
data-collection and control devices. The unit has a rugged exterior that is explosion proof and can be easily field-mounted on a
pipe without the need for a panel. The data is sent to an ISA100
wireless gateway somewhere in the facility – within 600 meters –
which, in turn, makes the data available to a network where control and recording devices can collect it.
For existing systems
(Modbus/RTU or
analog output)
YTMX580
YFGW710
Field wireless
integrated gateway
Field wireless
network
YTMX580
FieldMate
Versatile device management wizard
Fig. 1. Yokogawa’s YTMX in a typical network configuration
and the process. With the long-life
lithium thionyl chloride batteries, a year
or two can go by without having to replace
them, depending on the data rate. Typical
applications for this type of device include
monitoring the temperature uniformity
in a large furnace and sending data to a
data recorder or reading temperatures in
a multi-zone tunnel kiln and sending the
temperature data to a PLC for control.
Touch Screens
Many changes in instrumentation are
being driven by the consumer market.
Consumer electronics (specifically smart
phones), tablets and point-of-sale retail
terminals are dictating what types of HMI
displays are being produced. Manufacturers of these types of displays are focusing
their production mainly on products for
the consumer market. You can’t go anywhere and not see someone buried in
their smart phone, swiping and pinching
the screen to access the information that
they want. For many, this is their primary
method of interfacing with these devices,
and they are quite adept at it.
For instrument manufacturers to produce products that will be relevant to users such as these, they will have to develop
products they are familiar with. Also, to
produce products that have any longevity
and future serviceability, they will have
to select displays that are commercially
available. These displays are the newer
touch screens that give the look and feel
of a tablet such as an iPad®.
Yokogawa’s Smart DAQ+ is one such
device that offers many new features, including a smart touch screen. Yokogawa’s
new resistive touch-screen technology can
sense swipe, click and drag and allows twopoint pinch for zooming in on critical data.
Users can quickly enter furnace batch information and text messages with the onscreen keyboard. Batch runs can also be
signed or noted by the operator with a stylus pen, just as if they were writing on a paper chart. One of the major advantages to
this type of technology is the intuitive use
of the product, which reduces the learning
curve of using this type of instrument and
Fig. 2. Yokogawa’s SmartDAC+ paperless recorder
the adoption by staff in using the product.
Many people have experience using touch
screens on their cell phones and tablets,
and instruments like the Smart DAQ+ become an extension of that.
Cyber Security
The ability to communicate to the instrumentation installed on the shop floor
is not just a luxury anymore. The need to
monitor, control and record process data
automatically is now a requirement for
you and for customers who are demanding
it. But with the convenience of networking your instruments comes the threat of
cyber attacks, thus the need for security.
In 2010, we in the industrial and process
automation fields saw how dangerous the
Stuxnet worm was. This malware was designed to spread itself through networked
Windows PCs and affect certain PLC
manufactures’ hardware and SCADA
by reprogramming them with malicious
code. This was a wakeup call for many of
us. No longer are computer viruses and
other malicious programs something we
can just leave to the IT department. These
viruses now have the ability to access our
unprotected control networks and disrupt
the equipment controlling our processes.
Instrumentation manufacturers are just
now beginning to take this threat seriously
by implementing features and procedures
for protecting instrumentation. These
features may not completely look like the
network security your IT department may
implement because the goals for security
are different. The primary goal of your IT
department is to protect sensitive data and
proprietary corporate information. The
primary goal for a controls engineer is to
protect the process and the equipment.
To do this effectively, they consider the
possibility of intrusion in these areas and
take it seriously.
Control networks are full of easy access
points – devices that can grant access to a
potential threat via its network interface.
Many PCs in plants run for extended periods of time with no security updates or
anti-virus software. This is a must-do for
any PC on a corporate network, but many
times it is left undone on PCs in the production areas. Laptops that are brought
into facilities and connected to the control
network by vendors, service personnel or
employees are another easy-access point.
Thumb drives are one of the most dangerous items to your control network, as they
can easily bypass existing security measures in the plant and simply be connected
to a PC or instrument. Any virus on the
data stick now has access to the network.
Network isolation is something that is
not always considered by those designing
control networks. Many networks are flat
FEATURE | Process
Personal
computer
PLC
DXAdvanced
Ethernet
Ethernet-serial gateway function
RS485
Fig. 3. UTAdvanced controllers with IP restriction enabled
in their structure, allowing data to pass unrestricted from one unrelated system to another. If a problem occurs in a location of
the plant, it can easily propagate to unrelated systems or remote locations. Firewalls
and network switches can provide the isolation needed to keep the possibility of a
threat from spreading too far. This type of
network design should be something your
IT department can implement for you.
Sabotage is another way a cyber attack
can occur. Simple products such as paper
chart recorders, single-loop controllers,
indicators and the like hold very limited
information about the networks (IP
addresses, subnet masks, default gateways,
domain names and DNS server addresses).
The damages that can be incurred due
to the leak of this type of information
are minimal to moderate. This does not
mean that this information should not be
protected. With the right tools and access,
a saboteur can reconfigure the instrument
or adjust control variables.
Yokogawa has implemented security
features in these types of instruments,
such as the UTAdvanced temperature
controller, to prevent unauthorized access.
Key locks and access passwords are the
first line of defense in keeping process
and network information inaccessible.
A menu lock function restricts access
to sensitive network information and
removes it from the menu structure so that
those who may get past the key lock will
not find the network information menu
or any other menu information that may
be hidden. On the networked side of the
controller, write access to the controller
can be disabled so no device can make
changes to the process without physically
going to the unit to do so. Write access
can also be limited to certain devices on
certain networks while rejecting all other
inquiries. This is a controller feature called
IP restriction, which is similar to MAC
address filtering. A PLC can be given
write access to the controller to change
its setpoint as long as it has the correct IP
address and the request is coming through
the expected network gateway. Using
these types of measures helps prevent
cyber attacks as well as sabotage.
More complicated networked products such as paperless recorders, data-acquisition units and PLCs may have FTP
client and SMTP features. The log-in
information for the external FTP servers
and SMTP servers may be easily available
through the setup parameters. If a user is
able to log in to these instruments, it is
possible for them to obtain network information that could allow them unauthorized intrusion into relevant servers.
Along with the features found on
simpler instruments, data recorders (e.g.,
Yokogawa’s DXAdvanced) employ technology like Active Directory. Active Directory is a service created by Microsoft
and run on Windows servers that allows
networked devices like PCs and data recorders to authenticate and authorize all
users that can log in to the network. After
logging in, a user’s access level is set. The
convenient aspect to this is not only its
security, but users can be managed by the
network administrator and the log-in credentials can be the same as the user’s PC.
The most vulnerable security threat
to any network is the people using it. As
strange as it may sound, human error
can pose a major security threat. The
education of your staff members ensures
that they have the knowledge and skills to
identify possible security threats as well as
carry out daily operations in accordance
with security guidelines.
Conclusion
Technologies are always changing in
electronic products, and instrumentation is no different. The main difference
between consumer-grade products and
industrial products is the life cycle. It is
expected that the PC in your office will
be replaced within five years, but the instruments on your plant floor may have
an expected life of 20 years. When deciding on new instrumentation, it is critical
that newer technologies are considered
because they may become mainstream
in the future. Selecting products based
on price may serve you well for the short
term, but when the new technology is
commonplace, you may be scrambling to
adapt or have to replace the instruments
prematurely. IH
For more information: Contact: Clayton
Wilson, Yokogawa Corporation of America,
2 Dart Rd., Newnan, GA 30265; tel: 678-4232524; fax: 770-251-6427; e-mail: clayton.
wilson@us.yokogawa.com;
web:
www.
yokogawa.com
Use this Tag to read
another technology-based
article from Yokogawa
FEATURE | Materials
Characterization & Testing
Fig. 1. Type
of indentor
shown for
testing surface
hardness
in Rockwell
and Vickers
methods
To Test Hardness, Know
What Hardness Is
Wayne Hayward – Tinius Olsen; Horsham, Pa.
It isn’t hard to test a material’s hardness …
once you settle on a definition of hardness.
A
s a property of every solid
material,
hardness is much
m
desired
by
application red
quirement
but
very elusive
q
in terms of a single standard or description.
In most instances, it is defined as the property that enables a material to resist plastic
deformation, typically via penetration by
another object. However, it can also mean
stiffness, temper or resistance to bending,
scratching, abrasion or cutting. Hardness
is often confused as stiffness (e.g., the element Osmium is stiffer than diamond, but
not as hard as diamond).
Thus, in materials science, there has
been a consensus that there are three principal operational definitions of hardness:
• Scratch hardness – Resistance to fracture or plastic (permanent) deformation due to friction from a sharp object
• Indentation hardness – Resistance to
plastic (permanent) deformation due to
a constant load from a sharp object
• Rebound hardness – Height or speed
of the bounce of an object dropped on
B
Test
specimen
Permanent
depth of
indentation
Measuring Hardness
Hardness is not an intrinsic material
property because there are no precise definitions in terms of fundamental units of
mass, length and time. A hardness property value is the result of a defined measurement procedure. Hardness has long been
determined according to resistance by the
material to scratching or cutting. An example would be material B scratches material C but not material A. Alternatively,
material A scratches material B slightly
and scratches material C heavily.
Usually, to obtain a hardness value
is to measure the depth or area of an
indentation left by an indentor of a
specific shape with a specific force applied
for a specific time (Fig. 1). There are
several principal standard test methods to
express the relationship between hardness
and the size of the impression or the
rebound velocity on specific materials.
Vickers, Rockwell, Brinell and Leeb are
Square
based
pyramidal
indentor
A
C
the most common scales. For practical
and calibration reasons, each of these
methods is divided into a range of scales
defined by a combination of applied load
and indentor geometry or, for the rebound
method, by the weight of the impact body.
the material (related to elasticity)
Most Common Hardness Tests
Here are some of the most widely employed
hardness tests.
Rockwell (HR scales)
The primary Rockwell test standard
involves the indenting of the test material
with a diamond cone (HRC) or hardened
(tungsten) steel ball indentor (HRB, etc.)
applying a preload of 10 kgf first, followed
by a main test force of 60, 100 or 150 kgf
(Fig. 2).
Rockwell Superficial (HR scales)
A superficial form of Rockwell testing
involves indenting the test material with
a diamond cone or hardened (tungsten)
steel ball indentor, depending on the
Ball
indentor
Indentation
136˚
d1
d
Elastic
recovery
d2
d
A) Pre load applied
B) Main load applied
C) Main load removed
Fig. 2. Basics of Rockwell
measurement
D
Sample
A) Vickers
indentation
A) Brinell indentation
d1
Impression
d2
B) Measurement
of indent diagonals
B) Measurement of indent diameter
Fig. 3. Basics of Vickers measurement
Fig. 4. Basics of Brinell
measurement
FEATURE | Materials
Characterization & Testing
scale chosen. The superficial Rockwell
scales use lower force and shallower
impressions on brittle and very thin
materials, applying a preload of 3 kgf, first
followed by a main test force of 15, 30 or
45 kgf.
Vickers (HV)
The Vickers test involves indenting the
test material with a diamond indentor
in the form of an upside-down perfect
pyramid with a square base and an angle
of 136 degrees between opposite faces (Fig.
3). The material is subjected to test forces
from 1 to 120 kgf. A microscope or USB
camera is used to visualize and measure
the indentation.
Micro-Vickers (HV)
Micro-Vickers is a variation of Vickers
testing that calls for the indenting of the
test material with a diamond indentor in
the form of an upside-down perfect pyramid with a square base and an angle of
136 degrees between opposite faces. The
material is subjected to test forces usually
not exceeding 1 kgf. A precision microscope or high-resolution USB camera is
used to visualize and measure the indentations. Magnifications up to 600x are most
common. However, magnifications up to
1,000x are becoming popular.
Knoop (HK)
The Knoop method of hardness testing
also involves indenting the test material
with an “elongated” diamond pyramid
subjected to test forces usually not
exceeding 1 kgf. Like the micro-Vickers
methods, a precision microscope or
high-resolution USB camera is used to
visualize and measure the indentations.
Magnifications up to 600x are the most
common.
Brinell (HB)
A 1-, 2.5-, 5- or 10-mm-diameter hardenedsteel or carbide ball subjected to a load/
force ranging from 1 to 3,000 kg is used to
indent the material in the Brinell method.
A microscope or USB camera is used to
visualize and measure the rather large
indentations (Fig. 4).
Leeb (Rebound Method)
The Leeb (HL) method is employed
primarily for portable hardness testing.
An impact body that has a spherical
tungsten-carbide tip is impelled onto the
test surface by spring force. The impact
creates a plastic deformation of the
surface – an indentation – due to which
the impact body loses part of its original
speed (or energy). Consequently, the
softer the material is, the more speed will
be lost at rebound of the impact body.
Leeb is applicable for a wide variety of
components. Minimum test requirements
should be followed.
Rockwell Hardness Test
Further Explained
Metallurgist Stanley P. Rockwell devised
the Rockwell hardness test in Syracuse,
N.Y., circa 1919, in order to quickly
determine the effects of heat treatment on
steel bearing races. The Brinell hardness
test, invented in 1900 in Sweden, was
slow, not useful on fully hardened steel
and left impressions that were too
large to be considered nondestructive.
Rockwell collaborated with an instrument
manufacturer to commercialize his
invention and develop standardized
testing machines.
The Rockwell Hardness test is a hardness measurement based on the net increase in depth of impression when a load
is applied. Hardness values are commonly
given in the A, B, C, R, L, M, E and K
scales. The higher the value in each of the
scales means the harder the material.
Hardness has been variously defined as
resistance to local penetration, scratching, machining, wear or abrasion. In the
Rockwell method of hardness testing, the
depth of penetration of an indentor under
certain arbitrary test conditions is determined. The indentor may either be a steel
(carbide) ball of some specified diameter
or a spherical diamond-tipped cone of
118-degree angle and 0.2-mm tip radius,
also called an indentor. The type of indentor and the test load determine the
hardness scale (A, B, C, etc.).
A minor load of 3 kg or 10 kg is first
applied, causing an initial penetration
Fig. 5. Hardness testers come in many
different configurations, including
bench-top and floor models.
and holding the indentor in place. The
dial is then set to zero, and the major
load is applied. Upon removal of the
major load, the depth reading is taken
while the minor load is still on. The
hardness number may then be read
directly from the scale. The Rockwell
scale characterizes the indentation
hardness of materials through the depth
of penetration of an indentor, loaded on
a material sample and compared to the
penetration in some reference material. It
is one of several definitions of hardness in
materials science. Its hardness values are
noted by HRX with “X” being the letter
for the scale used. Hardness is related to
strength because both are measures of the
pressure it takes to get plastic deformation
to occur in materials.
Vickers Hardness Test
Further Explained
Smith and Sandland developed the
Vickers hardness test in 1924 at Vickers
Ltd. as an alternative to the Brinell
method to measure the hardness of
materials. The Vickers test is often easier
to use than other hardness tests since the
required calculations are independent of
the size of the indentor, and the indentor
can be used for all materials irrespective
of hardness.
The basic principle, as with all common
measures of hardness, is to observe
the material’s ability to resist plastic
deformation from a standard source. The
Vickers test can be used for all metals
and has one of the widest scales among
hardness tests. The unit of hardness
given by the test is known as the Vickers
Pyramid Number (HV) or Diamond
Pyramid Hardness (DPH).
The hardness number can be converted into units of Pascals, but it should not
be confused with a pressure, which also
has units of Pascals. The hardness number is determined by the load over the
surface area of the indentation and not
the area normal to the force. Therefore,
it is not a pressure. The hardness number
is not really a true property of the material and is an empirical value that should
be seen in conjunction with the experimental methods and hardness scale
used. When doing the hardness tests,
the distance between indentations must
be more than 2.5 indentation diameters
apart to avoid interaction between the
work-hardened regions.
Brinell Hardness Test
Further Explained
The Brinell scale characterizes the
indentation hardness of materials through
the scale of penetration of an indentor
loaded on a material test-piece. Proposed
by Swedish engineer Johan August Brinell
in 1900, it was the first widely used and
standardized hardness test in engineering
and metallurgy.
Typical tests use a 10-, 5-, 2.5- or 1-mmdiameter steel ball as an indentor with a
test force starting at 1 kgf up to 3,000 kgf
(29 kN). For softer materials, a lower force
is used; for harder materials, a tungstencarbide ball is substituted for the steel
ball. After the impression is made, a measurement of the diameter of the resulting
round impression (d) is taken (Fig. 4). It
is measured to +/-0.05 mm using a lowmagnification microscope. The hardness is
calculated by dividing the load by the area
of the curved surface of the indention. The
area of a hemispherical surface is arrived at
by multiplying the square of the diameter
by 3.14159 and then dividing by 2. IH
For more information: Contact John Kraus,
assistant business development manager;
Tinius Olsen, 1065 Easton Road, Horsham
PA 19044; tel: 215-675-7100; fax: 215-4410899; e-mail: info@TiniusOlsen.com; web:
TiniusOlsen.com
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412-306-4357
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502-742-0175
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Publisher
412-306-4351
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a delivery date and arrange a truck. It’s
that easy.
The UBQ is recognized as one of the
most reliable, flexible integral-quench
batch furnaces on the market, capable of
running a variety of parts and load sizes.
The modular design allows flexibility of
parts and processes as well as maximum
utilization of existing floor space. A wide
selection of companion equipment allows
further customization.
Our E-Z Series endothermic gas generators are often specified, due in part to their
high uptime and ease of maintenance.
Whether delivering a single unit, a multi-
A
36 January 2013 – IndustrialHeating.com
unit array or add-on module, their plugand-play concept makes scalability easy.
Our experienced staff can guide you to
the right equipment for your specific requirements. As a leading global supplier
of thermal-processing equipment, we offer
the best solutions, including pusher furnaces, rotary hearths, roller hearths and
more. Our EZ Lynks™ offers an innovative, “no pits required” design as alternative to old-fashioned pit furnaces typically
used to process large components. Castbelt and mesh-belt furnace designs are
also offered, as are walking-beam and other notable designs. We recently delivered
the MonsterParts™ UBQA (universal
batch quench austemper) furnace, which
is believed to be the largest batch austempering furnace in the world.
With so many varieties, how do you
choose? A call to AFC-Holcroft enables
a team of furnace experts to analyze your
production and processes and offer the
best possible solutions. We treat every
customer with care, whether a small mom-
and-pop shop or a prestigious, multinational corporation.
An array of options, accessories and services are also offered to maximize your production and keep your equipment running
its best. Our sales team works to provide a
system tailored to your business, while our
engineering team can conduct computer
simulations to verify key processes. Project
managers are assigned for single point of
contact and guide your project from start
to finish. Our Field Service department
can handle your installation and maintenance requirements. Our Parts & Service
team is ready to answer your questions
about maintenance and spare parts, and
they carry a large number of furnace parts
on-hand. Finally, we can move or relocate
your furnace equipment if needed in the
future – whether across town or across
the globe. In all, we support you and your
equipment through its entire life cycle.
Equipment built for stock and offices on
three continents are just two of the many
reasons to turn to the experts at AFC-Holcroft. A reputation for quality backed up
with ISO 9001:2008 certification are more.
Thermal Processing Equipment
for the Production of Bearings and Gears.
Designed, Manufactured and Serviced
by AFC-Holcroft.
One of the most diverse product lines in the h
heat
ea
eat
at treat
ttrrea
eatt
equipment industry: Pusher Furnaces, Continuous
tinu
nu
uou
ous
s
nive
nive
verrsal
rs
Belt Furnaces, Rotary Hearth Furnaces, Universal
Batch Quench (UBQ) Furnaces – all designed
ed an
and
d
rs
optimized for the production of bearings and gears
e inc
nclu
ludi
ding
ng
Customized solutions with full turnkey service
including
load/unload automation, press quenching, etc.
tc
c.
Worldwide infrastructure in North America,
Europe and Asia
More than 90 years of experience and
thousands of projects realized worldwide
om
For further information please visit www.afc-holcroft.com
AFC-Holcroft USA · Wixom, Michigan | AFC-Holcroft Europe · Boncourt, Switzerland | AFC-Holcroft Asia · Shanghai, China
ALD-Holcroft
A
L
LD-Holcroft
provides vacuuum-based thermal-processin
ing systems to meet your
sspecific manufacturing rei
t FFrom high-volume throughquirements.
put to single-piece processing, we have a
product tailored to meet your needs.
No other vacuum-furnace manufacturer
approaches the entire manufacturing
chain in the way ALD-Holcroft does.
With special emphasis on low-pressure
carburizing and high-pressure gas
quenching, ALD-Holcroft can provide
reduced cost solutions for your specific
needs. A technology history of more than
80 years assures process integrity and
company stability.
ModulTherm®
The ModulTherm system is the foundation
for all of our “chamber-style” vacuum-furnace offerings. A ModulTherm system can
be configured for vacuum carburizing (also
known as low-pressure carburizing or LPC),
through hardening, vacuum annealing,
vacuum aging, vacuum brazing, low-pressure carbonitriding (LPCn) and vacuum
normalizing – all available with from 2- to
20-bar high-pressure gas quench (HPGQ)
and/or oil quenching. HPGQ-only systems
can be configured to support up to 12 thermal treatment chambers. Multiple-quench
configured systems can operate up to 18
thermal treatment chambers. HPGQ can
be performed in helium, nitrogen or argon,
with helium and argon being fully recyclable in our patented system.
SyncroTherm®
SyncroTherm changes the game of vacuum heat treating through the one-pieceflow method of operation. For the first
time, a fully automated, in-line vacuum
heat-treatment system can be integrated
with green machining and finish grind.
This system can be provided for all vacuum heat-treating processes and provides
significant reductions in WIP inventories,
material handling, fixturing and real estate. SyncroTherm also provides a rapid
batch processing operating mode that
significantly reduces thermal-processing
times. This accelerates the floor-to-floor
time, thereby increasing manufacturing
velocities.
DualTherm®
DualTherm uses the modular designs
of the ModulTherm in a single, dualchamber vacuum furnace. Using these
globally proven technologies, DualTherm
provides big process results by “cold
chamber” quenching workloads in up to
20-bar pressure using helium, nitrogen or
argon. The thermal treatment chamber
always remains hot and under vacuum,
alleviating the stresses and energy
consumption of repeated thermal cycling.
DualTherm is configurable with either
HPGQ or oil quench. This is an ideal
system for the aerospace industry.
MonoTherm®
MonoTherm’s design simplicity provides
high performance in the single-chamber
vacuum-furnace market. With the
MonoTherm’s simplistic design, it’s
no longer necessary to use and stock
hundreds of pieces, parts and components
to support the heating-element assembly.
Furthermore, segmenting the heating
system into multiple trim zones to
achieve temperature uniformity is also
unnecessary. The MonoTherm is designed
to operate the LPC process, not retrofitted
to accommodate it. The MonoTherm is a
vacuum-carburizing furnace first, yet it has
the capability to perform all other vacuum
heat-treating processes. The MonoTherm
can be configured for 360-degree cooling
nozzle patterns or multi-directional
cooling for those who have specific
loading configurations. MonoTherm is
also available with convection heating,
since no modern vacuum furnace should
be without this valuable capability.
ALD Thermal Treatment, Inc.
A
L Thermal Treatment is a
LD
pprovider of vacuum heatttreat services that incorporrate the high-pressure gasquenching process
proc (HPGQ) – highly valued in close tolerance component manufacturing. With three high-technology plants
located in Port Huron, Mich.; LimbachOberfrohna, Germany; and Ramos Arizpe,
Mexico, this global service company has
become the largest of its type in North
America, applying their unique vacuum
processes and HPGQ technology to precision components in a variety of industries.
ALD Thermal Treatment actively seeks
high-volume opportunities to develop
specialized processes that add value and
reduce costs within the supply chain. The
company currently offers: vacuum/plasma
carburizing, hardening, carbonitriding,
annealing, brazing and gas quenching
(N2/He). A recent addition of CMM
capability assists in their efforts to minimize geometric changes in their processes.
Vacuum carburizing advantages:
• Fast carbon transfer
• No surface oxidation
• Excellent case-depth uniformity
• Efficient consumption of carburizing
gases
• High carburizing temperatures available
High-pressure gas quenching
advantages:
• Reduction in dimensional variation
• Quenching intensity is adjustable
• Flexible process
• Clean and dry parts
• Reproducible quenching results
• Simple process control
ALD Thermal Treatment Inc. is a subsidiary of ALD Vacuum Technologies
GmbH, which serves a demanding group
of international customers with branches
in North America, Japan, Britain, Russia,
Poland and more than 70 representative
offices around the world.
Providing the fi nest metallurgical services in a
wide variety of markets through Vacuum Treatments
and specialized gas quenches.
LEADERS IN THE CONTROL OF DISTORTION
Vacuum Carburizing with High Pressure Gas Quenching
Plasma CARBURIZINGs Vacuum High-Temperature 3OLUTION.ITRIDINGs Vacuum HarDENINGs Vacuum Brazing
ANNEALINGs.ORMALIZINGs#ryogenic Treatments
Measurement and Testing
GLOBAL SERVICE CENTERS
Limbach - Oberfrohna
Germany
Port Huron, Michigan
USA
Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila
Mexico
www.aldtt.net
www.ald-vt.de
Photo: Buderus Edelstahl GmbH
Michael Pode (Sales) 803-546-6686 or mpode@aldtt.net
Robert Peters
803-600-8052 or rpeters@aldtt.net
IndustrialHeating.com – January 2013 39
Applied Test Systems
A
/D Solution – the must-have data-acquisition
/Data
ssoftware for anyone who is using a manually
ccontrolled universal testing machine! Designed
to bbe accurate, reliable and easy to use, this program easily
adapts to any manufacturer’s machine for a superior experience in data acquisition. View data as graphs or tables,
and easily export or import data to or from other common
programs. Only from Applied Test Systems.
www.atspa.com
“ The ASM Heat Treating Society is all
about people – a collection of experts
in our field. Being a professional
member has been invaluable.”
Terrence D. Brown
Director – Commercial • Bluewater Thermal Solutions
Membership in ASM International’s Heat Treating Society
is about being a part of something larger – more than
26,000 members globally, your peers, your colleagues,
your mentors.
Plus, your membership provides access to technical
data that’s sure to take your career
to the next level.
Be part of the world’s largest heat treating, materials
science and engineering society. Start your membership
for today and for tomorrow. Join online today at
www.asminternational.org/hts.
Learn. Network. Share.
Find success together.
Clemex Technologies
Clemex CMT.HD – The Real High-Definition Instrument
I
15012.7 µm
10027.3 µm
4999.5 µm
n 25 years, Clemex Technologies
h
has built a solid reputation for
eexcellence in the field of automateed imaging systems for material
i
science.
Customers from the steel, aerospace, automotive and other materials
industries have come to rely on Clemex
for its expertise in all types of optical
microscopy imaging solutions.
When a hardness testing instrument
with reliable, accurate and repeatable test
results is needed, choose from the Clemex
CMT.HD line of macro and micro (single
or dual) hardness testing solutions. Fieldproven systems, they offer unparalleled
capabilities and are fully ASTM E-384 and
DIN/ISO 6507 compliant.
With its Background Image of the entire
sample (macroviews) and its Annotation
Tools, Clemex CMT.HD enables you to
position indents precisely where they are
required. No other software offers such
accuracy. Bundled with Clemex Vision
Lite and its four Application Modules,
Clemex CMT.HD can also act as a materials image-analysis system. Analyze phases,
layer thickness, and grain or particle size,
and gain a complete understanding of your
mechanical properties of your samples with
a single tool. The Clemex advantages:
seamless control of the various components of a system combined with better
image quality, providing better results.
2002.6 µm
2003.1 µm
2002.6 µm
2002.6 µm
2002.7 µm
2002.6 µm
CLEMEX
intelligent microscopy
MicroHardness Testing
& Image Analysis Built in
Take Advantage of the Clemex CMT.HD
Hardness Testing Solution
Use Your Tester as a Powerful
Quantitative Microscopy Instrument
See More Details with a High-Resolution Camera
Position Indents Accurately using Annotation Tools
Get Automated Measurements and Results
www.clemex.com
On a 2-inch weld sample, position indents
precisely with Clemex Macroview
CAN-ENG Furnaces International
E
s
stablished
in 1964, CAN-ENG Furnaces Internattional has grown to become a leading designer and
m
manufacturer of thermal-processing equipment for
fe
ferrous and nonferrous metals. CAN-ENG’s furi
nace ddesigns
have served commercial and captive heat treaters; stamping and fastener companies; automotive component
producers; the iron and steel industries; aluminum foundries;
and agricultural, construction and appliance manufacturers for
almost 50 years.
We have gained an international reputation for design
innovation, quality workmanship and a dedication to service.
Whether manufacturing a simple, manually controlled furnace
or a turnkey automated system, CAN-ENG focuses on the
development of high-volume continuous industrial furnaces for
challenging applications.
CAN-ENG leads improvements and changes in the industry
with its Research and Development programs, which have three
areas of industrial heating focus:
• Developing new technology
• Developing new processes
• Improving and optimizing existing technology.
CAN-ENG utilizes existing engineering tools such as 3-D
modeling and computational fluid dynamic modeling in its
research and development initiatives (Fig. 1). To support this
ongoing research and development, CAN-ENG just opened its
new Technology Development Center, which is dedicated to
process development research and product testing. It is comprised
of multifunctional pieces of equipment focusing on both ferrous
and nonferrous applications, and it is overseen by dedicated
research and development engineers. This new facility houses the
following equipment and capabilities.
to achieve uniform part-to-part mechanical property
results
• Single-part Precision Air Quenching (PAQ) for developing
processes that provide predictable metallurgical results while
optimizing residual stress levels
Other Applications Testing Equipment
• Fluidized-bed heating reactor for heating and cooling process
development
• Ability to utilize protective process atmospheres when testing
• Access to material-testing laboratories; all equipment is
integrated with CAN-ENG’s supervisory control and data
acquisition and time-elapsed thermal-imaging systems
Whether you are looking for confirmation of material
properties using a new process or trying to optimize
your current processes or properties, CAN-ENG has the
experience and tools available to support your current and
future development needs.
CAN-ENG Furnaces is an ISO 9001:2008 certified company. Its
head office and manufacturing facility is located in Niagara Falls,
in close proximity to the Buffalo, N.Y., and Toronto airports. We
are proud of the name we bolt onto every furnace. It stands for our
commitment to serve our customers with integrity, professionalism
and quality that endures.
Ferrous Applications Testing Equipment
• High-temperature 2400°F furnace for process, product and
combustion system development
• Focus on the development of new immersion and spray
quenching techniques
• Steel long product (bars, tubes, plates) quench and
tempering testing and research
Nonferrous/Aluminum Casting Testing Equipment
• Low-temperature 300-1100°F development furnace
• Simulation of single-part handling of aluminumintensive automobile components achieved in CAN-ENG’s
Basketless Heat Treatment System (BHTS®)
• Single-part immersion quenching and spray quenching
CFD model of 100,000-liter batch immersion water-quench system
WE LISTEN .
WE UNDERSTAND .
WE INNOVATE .
WE BUILD .
CONTINUOUS MESH BELT
ATMOSPHERE FURNACE SYSTEMS
PLATE HEAT
TREATING SYSTEMS
BASKETLESS HEAT
TREATING SYSTEMS (BHTS®)
CONTINUOUS ALUMINUM
HEAT TREATING SYSTEMS
CONTINUOUS BAR PRODUCT
FLEXIBLE BATCH CAR BOTTOM
Can-Eng is a leading designer and manufacturer
of thermal processing solutions. With almost 50
years experience and installations worldwide,
Can-Eng understands your business and its
unique demands.
P.O. Box 235, Niagara Falls, New York, 14302-0235
T : 905.356.1327 | F : 905.356.1817
GLOBAL FURNACE SYSTEMS GROUP
WWW . CAN - ENG . COM
advertorial
CEIA USA
C
E
EIA
is the leading manufacturer and designer of
fa
medium- to high-frequency
m
induction heating units.
in
Throughout
its
Th
h
i history, the commitment
of CEIA brought the introduction of reliable solid-state generators featuring the
highest quality standards as well as very
high performance, thus contributing to
the widespread use of CEIA systems in the
most important industrial fields around
the world.
Next to a wide range of generators
(Power Cube), the product family includes
control units (Master and Power Controllers) for the semi-automatic and automatic
management of the heating cycles, a full
range of optical pyrometers (SH Series)
equipped with low-intensity laser aiming,
wire solder dispensers (WF Series) for lowand high-temperature applications, and a
complete line of accessories.
The Master Controller V3 is a computerized industrial control unit designed for
the automatic and semi-automatic management of soldering cycles carried out
using CEIA Power Cube induction generators and optical pyrometers. An option
on the CEIA Master Controller when it
is coupled with one of CEIA’s optical pyrometers is Thermal Profile monitoring
software.
A unique quality-control tool, Thermal Profile allows the programming of up
to 20 heating steps per cycle. Each fully
programmable heating step offers the
ability to ramp up to temperature, hold
temperature or do a controlled, extended
cooling. Also included for each step is a
tolerance setting, input as ±X°, which will
output a signal at the end of the cycle if
tolerance was not maintained throughout
the entire heating process. Implementing
this solution increases process control by
ensuring that each part is heated within
specification.
Master Controller v3
Thermal Profile
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Custom Electric Manufacturing Co.
“
W
e listen to customers
an
and respond to their
ne
needs. This simple appr
proach to business has
th company well for almost 40
servedd the
years,” said Bob Edwards, president of
Custom Electric Manufacturing Co. “It is
why we are the leading supplier of original equipment and replacement heating
elements for electric thermal-processing
equipment, have a loyal customer base
and are able to meet changing customer
needs during constantly changing economic cycles.”
Custom Electric offers every style of
electric heating element fabricated from
conventional and high-temperature materials, like nickel-chrome, iron-chromealuminum, silicon carbide and molybdenum disilicide. When marketplace needs
change, the company responds. For example, it recently introduced the C-mersion
Heating System, a high-temperature alloy
element and silicon nitride tube immersion heater for aluminum holding furnaces
and die-casting machines. Custom Electric
is also the exclusive U.S. manufacturer
and distributor of Thermalloys’ seamless
Fig. 1. Immersion heaters and tubes in
aluminum-processing furnaces have
proved to be effective in lowering heatingelement costs.
n
and welded thermocouple protection
tubes and a supplier of Fe/Cr/Al hightemperature radiant tubes.
Custom Electric customer support
extends well beyond heating elements.
The company can return damaged heating elements to their original condition
for a fraction of the cost of a new heating element. It stocks a wide variety of
bulk wire and rod, insulators, straps and
mounting hardware to support routine
in-house maintenance operations. It offers tailored programs to minimize furnace downtime and lost production by
ensuring replacement heating elements
are always in stock. Custom Electric also
has extensive experience converting furnaces and ovens from gas to electric. All
of these programs can significantly impact
operating costs.
Engineer and Custom Electric vice
president Vic Strauss has more than 20
years of heating-element experience.
Strauss works with original equipment
manufacturers on the design, alloy selection and layout of elements and tubes for
new furnaces and ovens. He works with
the end users of thermal-processing equipment to ensure replacement elements
continue to operate efficiently when there
Fig. 2. An example of new technology is
this proprietary CNC machine designed by
Custom Electric to bend rod elements.
Bob Edwards
(left) and Vic
Strauss (above) assist
electric-furnace operators by answering
heating-element questions.
are process changes, modifications to
furnace atmosphere or new workload requirements.
Electric thermal-processing machines
are extremely rugged and often have a
service life well beyond 25 years. Continuing to use old heating-element technology in equipment can significantly
increase operating costs. For example,
in new large furnaces, Strauss estimates
heating elements represent 10% of the
operating costs. This number climbs to
40% for new small furnaces, 60% for older large furnaces and as high as 85% with
older small furnaces.
“As equipment ages, new heating-element technology can dramatically improve thermal efficiency, energy efficiency
and economic efficiency,” Strauss said.
“With furnaces from 10 to 25 years old,
upgrading elements is justified about 20%
of the time. With furnaces in service longer than 25 years, upgrading elements is
usually justified 100% of the time.”
Custom Electric supports all segments
of manufacturing through its Wixom,
Mich., facilities and a network of sales
representatives specializing in products
used in thermal-processing applications.
“We always will listen,” Edwards said.
“And we always will do our best to respond to your needs.”
Dalton Electric Heating Co.
D
iff-Therm™ premium-quality platen heaters for diffusion pumps
if
pprovide efficient, uniformly distributed heat transfer in a wide range
oof processing applications. Manufactured by swaging high-quality
ttubular heating elements into iron castings, Diff-Therm heaters are
il bl iin more than 100 combinations of casting sizes and electrical ratings
available
for 2-inch through 48-inch diffusion pumps. Custom dimensions and ratings are
available for obsolete and foreign-manufactured pumps.
High-purity magnesium oxide, nickel chrome resistance wire and stainless
steel terminals are used in the manufacture of the unit’s heating element.
Proprietary filling and compacting methods increase the density of the magnesium oxide, maximizing the
element’s dielectric strength.
Swaging under 50 tons of pressure further compresses the
heating element and locks
it into undercut grooves for
superior heat conduction
throughout the casting. The
contact surface of the casting
is precision machined flat and
smooth to ensure maximum
heat transfer.
Advertise
Online
With
Industrial
Heating
Build your brand
and stay in front
of prospective
customers by
building on
traditional print
advertising with
one of IH’s many
online options.
Contact
Susan Heinauer
at 412-306-4352
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Start Your Engines.
Call for Papers
The Heat Treating Society 2013 Conference and Exposition
organizers are seeking original, previously unpublished,
non-commercial papers for oral
and poster presentations.
Abstract Deadline:
January 21, 2013.
Advance your career
and the industry.
Present alongside industry leaders and participate in the
technical program.
The technical areas and industries of interest include, but
are not limited to the following:
• Applied Energy
• Joining
• Atmosphere Technology • Off Road Construction
• Atmospheres
• Oil and Gas
• Brazing
• Processes and Applications
• Emerging Technology
• Quenching and Cooling
• Equipment Inovations
• Thermal Processing
• Fuel Standards
• Vacuum Technology
• Global Issues
The Expo
It’s not to early to plan your exposition presence. Prime
exhibit space is available and selling quickly. Advertising
and sponsorship packages are also available. Contact
Kelly Thomas, National Account Manager at 440.338.1733
or email kelly.thomas@asminternational.org.
Submit your abstract at www.asminternational.org/heattreat.
Sponsored by:
Plan now to present, attend
and support this global event.
Delta Cooling Towers
TM Series Cooling Towers
T
h TM Series cooling tower expands Delta’s capacity
he
uup to 2,000 cooling tons. This engineered-plastic
m
molded tower provides longer life without the
high maintenance and downtime typically associated with
traditional metal towers.
Features include: molded, seamless leak-proof sump with
I-beam pockets; non-clog, large-orifice spray nozzles; doublewall seamless high-density polyethylene shell; premium,
efficient direct-drive fans;
and a 15-year warranty
on tower casing.
The
modular
design
allows
various cells to be
isolated if required.
Made in the U.S.
and CTI certified.
Graphite Metallizing Corp.
G
GRAPHALLOY
BEARINGS CAN
TAKE THE HEAT.
®
HANDLE HIGH TEMPERATURE AND HARSH
OPERATING CONDITIONS WITH EASE
GRAPHALLOY® bushings,
bearings and components:
• Survive when others fail
• Run hot, cold, wet or dry
• Excel at -450°F to 1000°F
• Corrosion resistant
• Self-lubricating
• Non-galling
• Low maintenance
• Ovens, dryers, pumps, valves,
turbines, mixers, conveyors
GRAPHITE METALLIZING
CORPORATION
Yonkers, NY 10703 U.S.A.
ISO 9001:2008
H06a
TEL. 914.968.8400 • WWW.GRAPHALLOY.COM/IH
RAPHALLOY®, a graphite/metal alloy, is ideally
R
su
suited
for applications where temperatures are too
h
high
to permit the use of oil or other lubricants.
GRAPHA
GRAPHALLOY
bearings and bushings will not soften at
high temperatures or extrude under load. Many grades are
suitable for temperatures up to 750°F (400°C) in air. In addition, special grades provide service up to 1000°F (535°C) and
higher in non-oxidizing atmospheres. Use GRAPHALLOY
in industrial ovens, glass plants, conveyors, dryers, kilns,
stokers, soot blowers, oil guns, gypsum board and
veneer dryers –
wherever temperatures are too high
to permit the use
of oil or greases.
Grieve Corp.
N
o 943 is an electrically heated, 2000°F top-loading
o.
ppit furnace currently used on a variety of heat-treatin
ing applications at a customer’s facility. Workspace
di
i
dimensions
measure 24 inches wide x 24 inches deep x 24
inches high. Heat to the workload is supplied by 26 kW
installed in nickel chrome wire coils, supported by vacuumr. This Grieve pit furnace features
formed ceramic fiber.
d walls, com7-inch-thick insulated
300°F ceramic
prising 5 inches of 2300°F
nches of block
fiber blanket and 2 inches
h-thick furnace
insulation. A 6.5-inch-thick
able refractory
floor is made of castable
materials. No. 943 also
ated
includes an air-operated
vertical lift door andd a
teel
reinforced .5-inch steel
he
top plate to protect the
unit while loading andd
unloading occurs.
I Squared R Element Co.
Starbar® Type RA
Starbar and Moly-D elements
are made in the U.S.A.
with a focus on providing
the highest quality heating elements
and service to the global market.
T
he Starbar® right-angle (RA) heating element has
two cold ends welded at right angles to the opposite
ends of the hot section. The RA element is manufactured of high-density recrystallized silicon carbide. The two
cold ends are of low-resistance silicon carbide. Diameters
available range from 13-54 mm (0.5-2 inches); hot-zone
lengths up to 1,500 mm (59 inches); and cold ends up to
480 mm (19 inches).
It is ideal for launders
where terminal connections are on the top of the
furnace. The RA element
can be installed across the
top of the heated chamber, in multiple rows, when
separate control zones are
required. They have a maximum use temperature of
1425˚C (2600˚F).
Over 40 years of service and reliability
I Squared R Element Co., Inc.
Akron, NY Phone: (716)542-5511
Fax: (716)542-2100
Email: sales@isquaredrelement.com
www.isquaredrelement.com
G-M Enterprises
T
he technological advancement
in controlled and directional
flow of cooling gases in a vacuum furnace without internal
moving parts provides unparalleled metallurgical and physical results. The Quantum
Quench™ – 4 Directional Gas Flow without internal moving parts is a breakthrough
in controlled and uniform cooling while
controlling distortion. Generally, gas flow
direction affects how heat is extracted from
the part.
• A part exposed to top to bottom cooling
gas flow will have a cooler top surface
• A part exposed to bottom to top cooling
gas flow – the bottom surface is cooler
• A side-cooled part will be cooler on the
gas-admission side
G-M Enterprises
525 Klug Circle, Corona, CA
92880-5452, USA
Phone: 951-340-4646
Fax: 951-340-9090
/PEN
/PEN
/PEN
/PEN
Quantum Quench™ – 4 Directional Gas Flow Outline Diagram
“I know that with G-M Enterprises…
anything is possible!”
eet
ain Str 5-2742
ast M
962 E ter, NY 140
s
Roche 6-3348
54
(585)
G-M Enterprises works for
Rochester Steel Treating
Rochester Steel Treating Works, Inc.
(RSTW) spent two years researching
the purchase of our new single chamber,
six bar vacuum furnace. We needed a
very flexible furnace that would back
up all of our present furnaces as well as
give us new capabilities and capacity.
We met with many manufacturers but
couldn’t find the complete package we
were looking for.
We finally met with G-M Enterprises.
The impression they gave us was that
anything was possible. They didn’t
have limitations we found with other
furnace manufacturers and their
instrument packages. G-M listened to
our needs and requirements and gave
us a package that met those needs without us having to change.
The flexibility the furnace has shown
from processing simple annealing to
six bar quenching of high speed steels
and special high heat annealing has
been incredible. Initial quench speeds
and their repeatability has been great.
Hardness achieved in the high speed
steels has been beyond our expectations.
We have so much confidence in G-M
and its systems, we are planning to
work with them on our vacuum furnaces as well as atmosphere equipment.
Call G-M Enterprises
and let us work for you!
525 Klug Circle, Corona, CA 92880-5452
(951) 340-4646 • Fax (951) 340-9090
Inductoheat, Inc.
An Inductotherm Group Company
I
n
nductoheat,
Inc. is dedicated to
pproviding customers high-quality
iinduction heat-treating and forge
h
heating equipment. Our new prodt incorporate
i
ucts
flexible, modular design
and are built with lean manufacturing
principles. With the constant evolution
of our proven, patented products, Inductoheat will continue to bring the best technology to our customers around the globe.
We welcome you to visit and observe our
entire family of products operating in our
process development laboratory.
Innovative Induction Systems for 2013
The Statitron® IFP™ (Independent Frequency & Power Control) Inverter is a
revolutionary IGBT-type power supply
able to instantly change frequencies while
processing workpieces at a constant speed
with no capacitor change. This unit allows
for multiple case depths to be achieved
while in a single workstation, eliminating operator time, as no movement of the
workpiece is needed. Tailoring a power
and frequency combination without the
need for multiple processes increases pro-
duction, eliminates the need for multiple
induction hardening cells and reduces errors as all of the required activities can be
completed in one cycle.
The Single Coil Dual Frequency Induction Gear Hardening System is ideal
for hardening of any gear-like components. The total power exceeds 1,200 kW,
comprising of medium-frequency (10 kHz)
and high-frequency (120- 400 kHz) power
modules that work not just simultaneously, but in any desirable sequence to minimize part distortion and provide superior
hardness patterns.
The CrankPro® System is a non-rotational induction hardening and tempering
machine for crankshafts. This equipment
utilizes patented SHarP-C™ technology,
which eliminates rotation of the crankshaft and movement of the inductor during heating and quenching cycles. Technical benefits include: robust long-life
inductors, short heat times less than 3 seconds, production rates up to 120 parts per
hour, virtually no distortion, high surface
compressive stresses and convenient pallet
changeover from V8 to V6 to
4-cylinder crankshafts.
The InductoScan® Heat
Treating System has a modular design that is customizable
to fit your application requirements. Choose from a family of power supplies (50-600
kW and 3-400 kHz), intuitive
touch-screen controls with
process signature monitoring
and archiving, and materialhandling components where
all components are integrated
onto a common base. Depending on your part specification,
choose from scanning, single-shot, lift/
rotate, pick & place, rotary index or linear
transfer.
IROSS™ Line Frequency Systems can
be used for a broad range of applications,
including OCTG pipe-end processing,
preheat for welding, curing of coatings,
shrink fitting, and friction weld and swage
stress relieving. FluxManager® systems
use a shaped magnetic flux concentrator
that provides deep and supreme uniform
temperature distribution, ID/OD, laterally
and longitudinally along extended lengths
of pipe ends, motor rotors, shafts and other components.
The InductoForge® Modular Forge
Heating System uses power modules that
are capable of running an array of part diameters without the need to change coils.
Each InductoForge power module is individually controlled, allowing for strict control of the heating process. The IHAZ™
Temperature Profile Modeling computer
program, which calculates optimum-running parameters, results in a precise and
accurate billet temperature while optimizing the efficiency of the entire unit.
www.inductoheat.com
We give you the competitive edge by providing
accurately controlled, high quality induction
heating systems that produce Better, long
lasting parts time and time again.
With the constant evolution of our proven,
patented products, Inductoheat continues to
bring the best induction technologies to our
customers around the globe.
Call or click to start your experience today!
•
•
•
•
•
•
Customer focused
Effective metallurgical results
Reliable part quality
Intuitive versatile equipment
Compact workstation footprint
Latest in induction automation
Inductoheat, Inc. • Madison Heights, MI
(248) 585-9393 • www.inductoheat.com
Induction Tooling, Inc.
I
n
nduction
Tooling, Inc. – celebrating 36 years of existe
tence – can design, build and repair selective hardening
qquick change inductors as well as reverse design, document, build and repair inductor tooling commonly called
inductor coils. Our design approach is unique in that we
closely analyze and continually improve the quality, performance and durability of our products. We develop and use
the latest in computer technology to validate our designs,
and we have expanded our induction laboratory service with
state-of-the-art metallurgical equipment. Induction Tooling
is capable of preparing hardened steel specimens from large
parts utilizing our
specialized cutting
equipment and our
fully equipped metallurgical laboratory.
Excellent for material selection, incoming
inspection, production level testing, and
quality assurance
The Equotip 3 is a versatile, portable metal hardness
tester, offering extended capabilities and unmatched
ease of operation.
Proceq USA, Inc. | Phone: 1-724-512-0330
Toll Free: 1-800-839-7016 | Fax: 1-724-512-0331
info-usa@proceq.com | www.proceq.com
Made in Switzerland
... more than 50 years of know-how you can measure!
Proceq USA
T
h Equostat 3 portable hardness tester is designed
he
to provide accurate, rapid and reproducible results
in virtually any environment from laboratory to
ffactory and even outdoors. Equostat 3 measures hardness
by penetration depth of a rugged diamond indenter using
a Rockwell-type technique. Equostat 3 can measure from
very thin to very thick materials from only
one side – no clamping necessary. Results
can be displayed in most common hardness scales. Equostat
3 can also be combined with
Equotip impact devices to
increase testing capability.
Invensys Eurotherm
Access Information When and Where You Want
T
h new on-board webserver allows streaming
he
process
updates for access to the most up-top
date
information
right from your desk. Simply
d
type
in
the
IP
address
of your nanodac™ and
t
within
seconds
you
have
access
to
real-time data, alarm
i hi
notifications and the ability to review historical data
stored locally on the nanodac. You will be able to easily
update your current nanodac to version 5.10 and be intimately connected to your process. With support for all
current web browsers including IE9, Chrome and Firefox
through your PC, smartphone or tablet, there is no need
for any expensive new software or application installations. Additionally, we have added new capabilities to
protect your controls and recorded data from inadvertent
changes through the use of OEM security.
Ipsen
TITAN Delivers the Best in Tempering
T
h TITAN® Temper, Ipsen’s
he
n
new
vacuum tempering furn
nace,
combines cleanliness
an efficiency through the use
and
h vacuum and convection heating.
off bboth
Tempering, age hardening and stress relieving can all be accomplished with TITAN T. This furnace is ideal for tempering applications in the medical, aerospace
and tool & die industries.
The TITAN T is a true vacuum temper with a temperature range of 3001450˚F (150-790˚C), heating uniformity
of +/- 10˚F (+/- 5˚C) and gas cooling to
2-bar absolute pressure, which reduces
cycle time comparatively to a traditional
temper furnace. The use of convection
heating also helps to reduce cycle time
and improve uniformity during heating
ramps to soak temperature. Available options include a 10-torr hydrogen partialpressure system and a high-temperature
package that allows for operation up to
1600˚F (870˚C). The TITAN T also
features a hot zone with stainless steel
shields, graphite elements and graphite
workload supports.
Bright tempering of sensitive alloys
such as PH 17-4 (X5CrNiCuNb 16-4), Inconel 718 and 420 stainless steel (X42Cr13)
have been proven in system testing. A
standard test load sample of three layers
of PH 17-4 stainless steel cylinders was run
through an H900 conditioned heat-treatment cycle for one hour. The parts were
heated from room temperature to 900˚F
(480˚C) then cooled with nitrogen at
2-bar pressure. Parts came out bright and
clean, and the test yielded uniform results.
Similarly, an Inconel 718 age-hardening
cycle and a martensitic stainless steel 420
process annealing cycle were run without
any discoloration.
The complete TITAN T vacuum temper furnace, including controls, uses minimal floor space, with a footprint of 150
x 150 inches (3,810 x 3,810 mm). It can
process loads of 36 x 36 x 48 inches (900 x
900 x 1,200 mm) and up to 6,000 pounds
(2,700 kg).
The new TemperPro® software offers
touch-screen controls that allow customers to view temperature, vacuum and
pressure levels while giving direct access
to recipe management, work TCs, main-
tenance, alarms and process trends. Each
recipe segment provides detailed information on vacuum, static cool/forced cool,
convection and partial pressure. TemperPro controls incorporate DigiTrim®,
which gives customers the capability to
fine-tune and adjust the power output to
individual heating zones of their furnace.
The TITAN T uses TemperPro to control
the three heating zones (front, middle and
rear) to achieve optimal uniformity. TemperPro is also equipped with five temperature range settings for both vacuum and
convection heating modes.
The TITAN T excels in workpiece
uniformity and process performance efficiency. TITAN furnaces are built using
a unique, innovative flow-production
process that uses premium components
while also reducing customer investment. As a part of the TITAN product
line, the new tempering furnace upholds
the Ipsen reputation of high quality and
durability.
Metallurgical High Vacuum
H
e treaters get more advantages
eat
w
with
Metallurgical
High
V
Vacuum (MHV).
Advantage 1: Remanufactured vacuum
pumps that last longer
When MHV rebuilds a pump, all internal
wearing parts and critical clearances are
returned to OEM specifications or better.
Se leak check, hot-test, and certify
performance with a dynamic pump-down
test for rotary-piston, vane, blowers and
diffusion pumps. In addition, Stokes® 412
pumps are dynamically balanced for the
least horizontal “shake” on the drive end.
They look and run like new.
Advantage 2: New vacuum pumps that
can take harsh processing environments
Acids and particles can kill a pump. MHV
designed and built a line of Survivor™
vacuum pumps that can include smart oil
filtration to eliminate them. Their longer
life means lower lifetime costs.
Advantage 3: Technical support when
you need it
Advantage 5: Technology and knowledge
from over 30 years of experience
MHV has earned a reputation for highquality engineering and manufacturing.
Customers depend on MHV for keeping
their operations running and for keeping
their costs under control.
We have queries from customers and
others in the thermal-processing industry
looking for answers to their problems.
From “leak checking” to “how to” and
“what causes” issues, we do our best to
resolve them quickly.
Advantage 4: Faster parts delivery from
the largest in-stock inventory
MHV’s Parts Express can get you the
valves, gaskets, shafts, eccentrics and
other parts to keep you running.
Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum USA
O
e
erlikon
Leybold Vacuum
U
USA offers a broad
rrange of vacuum pumps,
ppumping systems, leak
detection and aftermarket services and
can design and deliver the best total
vacuum solution for heat-treatment and
metallurgy applications.
Our long-standing experience in the
design, manufacture and sale of vacuum
pumps and related systems into the
heat-treatment and metallurgy industry
has resulted in the standardization of
dry-compression vacuum pumps and
systems that offer users a significant
cost-of-ownership savings along with
environmental improvements over oilsealed vacuum-pump technology.
Standard, Customized
Vacuum-Pump Solutions
The Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum line of
HTS vacuum pumping systems are a costeffective, two-stage design available in
a standard close-coupled arrangement.
With nominal pumping speeds to 1,450
cfm and 8 x 10-3 torr ultimate vacuum,
HTS vacuum pumping systems are loaded
with many standard features, including
simultaneous starting of vacuum booster
with pump so as to eliminate the need for
a costly vacuum switch, an all air-cooled
design, quiet operation and internal
exhaust oil filter with an automatic oil
recirculation system. Also, an internal
valve isolates the vacuum pump from the
furnace upon planned or unplanned shutdown.
DRYVAC® dry-compressing screw-type
vacuum pumps are an environmentally
friendly alternative to oil-sealed piston
vacuum pumps. This innovative and
robust vacuum-pump line produces
nominal pumping speeds up to 2,945 cfm
and 4 x 10-4 torr ultimate vacuum.
Available in four models, DRYVAC
features reduced maintenance, lower
operating costs and improved environment
through reduced oil disposal, low energy
consumption via optimized rotor geometry
and an innovative motor design, and
provisions to employ a purge gas into the
compression stage to eliminate deposits,
particles and condensates. A major
advantage of DRYVAC is no chance for
oil contamination into the furnace as
the need for lubricating oil in the pumps’
compression stage has been eliminated. In
conjunction with our RUVAC® line of
vacuum boosters, pumping speeds can be
significantly increased while achieving
oil-free gas compression in multiple
vacuum-pump stages. The new Oerlikon
Leybold Vacuum RUVAC WH series
boosters can produce nominal pumping
speeds to 5,700 cfm when using the WH
7000 model.
Aftermarket Services
The Aftermarket Operations at
are part of the Oerlikon Leybold
Vacuum global sales and service
network. Most vacuum-pump
repairs are completed at our U.S.
headquarters in Export, Pa., near
the city of Pittsburgh. We expanded
our All Brands Repair program to
where we can now provide repair of most
competitive vacuum-pump models.
In addition, we offer a comprehensive
training menu through our Vacuum
Academy series, where customers can
select from:
• Fundamentals of vacuum technology
• Total pressure measurement technology
• Fundamentals of leak detection
• Maintenance and repair training
We also offer the following Field
Services to support our customers: startups, installations, troubleshooting; leak
detection; and on-site training.
The Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum USA
Export facility is ready to support all
your heat-treatment and metallurgy
applications. With local engineering
support, pump system design, sales and
service personnel and warehousing of
pumps and numerous spare parts, the USA
team is a division of Oerlikon Leybold
Vacuum GmbH in Cologne, Germany.
Heat-Treat, Metallurgy Applications
Typical areas of application for Oerlikon
Leybold Vacuum products are annealing,
brazing, carburizing, hardening, nitriding,
sintering, stress relieving, tempering,
plasma arc melting, vacuum degassing,
vacuum oxygen decarburization, vacuum
induction melting and vacuum arc remelting.
Creating the Perfect
Environment
With the Leader in Innovative
Vacuum Pump Solutions for Metallurgy,
Steel Degassing & Heat Treating
The best environment for heat treating and metallurgy is
to cost-effectively produce products that are free from
contaminants and have high strength, hardness and
reliability. Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum is at the forefront with
a wide range of vacuum solutions, such as our DRYVAC
pumps and systems. These dry compression pumps
are technologically advanced, energy efficient and
environmentally friendly. Achieve outstanding performance
in your metal processing applications, learn more at
1 800-764-5369 or info.vacuum.ex@oerlikon.com
Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum USA Inc.
5700 Mellon Road
Export, PA 15632-8900
T 1 800-764-5369
F 1 800-215-7782
info.vacuum.ex@oerlikon.com
www.oerlikon.com/leyboldvacuum
Omega Engineering
High-Temperature Control
m
mega
Super XL Thermoccouple Temperature Probes
w
will maximize sensor perfformance and resist the
tthermal stress of tough
h
h
high-temperature
environments.
Glass-blank mold temperature control
is an 1100˚C (2012˚F) high-temperature
rapid-cycle environment. Blank mold
temperature-sensor probes need to be in
spec and on line for every gob and parison
blank that is formed.
It is vital that these sensors perform
within spec for the longest possible cycle
count. At fast cycle counts, accurate
temperature control will result in the
highest possible pack rate.
If your application operates at the
punishing temperature of nearly 1200˚C
(2192˚F), changing out failed thermocouples costs money in excessive maintenance, slows or cuts production time and
can cause inconsistent product quality.
In head-to-head tests, Super OMEGACLAD XL thermocouple probes consis-
O
tently post the best productivity-enhancing results. Our innovative temperature
sensors last upwards of 10 times or longer
when compared to competitors’ Inconel®
600 sheathed probes of equal or larger diameters.
Super OMEGACLAD XL temperature
probes are manufactured using state-ofthe-art processes for mineral-insulated
thermocouple probe assemblies. XL
temperature probes help customers to
improve product quality and performance,
increase productivity and yield, and
reduce downtime and waste.
Examples of typical applications include:
• Glass
container
manufacturing,
blank mold temperature – extended
thermocouple life by 300%
• Engine manufacturer, emissions testing –
small diameter (3.0 mm) lasts for life of
the test
• SOFC fuel-cell manufacturer stack
temperature – lasts 500 more cycles
than others
Manufacturers and universities – such
as Cummins Engine, John Deere, Nucor
Steel, Ohio State University, BASF Corp.,
Florida Light and Power, and GE Global
Research – rely on Super OMEGACLAD
XL temperature probes.
Low Drift, Reliable Temperatures
Super OMEGACLAD XL’s low-drift
characteristic ensures reliability of
temperature readings longer than any
other brand of sheath material. Within
15 weeks, Brands A, B and C exhibited
more than 8.3˚C drift. At 25 weeks,
OMEGACLAD XL’s drift was less than
2.8°C.*
* Tests conducted using ungrounded probes in
an open-air, electric, muffle furnace versus a
Type “S,” NIST-traceable standard. Individual
results may vary depending on customer
application. Inconel® is a registered trademark
of Special Metals Corp.
www.omega.com
PLANSEE USA
All-Metal Hot Zones
E
® is a series of all-metal hot zones that use up to
N
NERZONE
approximately
50% less energy than conventional designs.
a
Molybdenum alloys ML and TZM are used instead of pure
molybdenum thanks to their high recrystallization temperature
m
andd creep resistance. Lighter shielding panels and hearth components are
more rigid and resistant to deformation. Specially designed shields minimize
heat loss in critical areas such as at the power feed-through.
ENERZONE heats up faster and cools down more quickly, guaranteeing
shorter cycle times. Compared to a standard hot-zone design, low-mass
construction provides the following advantages:
• 15-20% weight reduction
• 20% reduction in heating times in empty furnace
• 15 kW less heat loss
• 25-30 kWh reduction in energy consumption when heating and cooling the furnace
• 15% reduction in cooling times
2013 Media Kit NOW Available!
www.industrialheating.com/2013mediakit
Sales staff
... go here NOW
and download
your 2013
media kit.
Kathy Pisano
Advertising Director
412-306-4357
Larry Pullman
East Coast Sales Manager
404-848-2893
Steve Roth
West Coast Sales Manager
502-742-0175
Doug Glenn
Publisher
412-306-4351
Pro-Tech Company Inc.
I
n 2003, at the request of one of the
w
world’s largest auto makers, the enggineers at Pro-Tech began designing a one-piece cast basket. The
bj ti was to design a superior basket
objective
that improved on the typical deficiencies
commonly found with the standard barframed welded basket design. Our goals
were to create a one-piece stackable basket with sides and bottoms that would not
bow or collapse. Additionally, we wanted
to create a basket that holds its shape over
time, despite the heavy loading and continuous processing. The result was the creation of the POWER STACK basket line.
Since the first set of baskets was put
on line, the performance of the POWER
STACK baskets continues to be remarkable. After hundreds of cycles, month after
month, year after year, the baskets continue to hold their shape, with minimal
bowing and wavering. Since the POWER
STACK baskets hold their shape, the mesh
liner lasts a lot longer and the need to
straighten the basket with a sledgehammer
has been eliminated. Due to the increase
in alloy life, the overall alloy budget can be
substantially reduced year after year.
Today, the POWER STACK basket
line represents an increasing percentage of Pro-Tech’s total sales, and growth
continues to increase year after year. Our
baskets are used in both commercial and
captive heat-treat plants throughout the
world. They are currently used in both at-
mosphere and vacuum furnaces and many
hearth types such as batch, continuous
and box. It’s just a matter of convincing
companies to try them for the first time.
Once in their shop, the value and benefits
quickly become apparent.
The POWER STACK baskets can be
cast out of a variety of materials to meet
different processing temperature and
loading requirements. The most common choice for carburizing is an HTCB
material.
Pro-Tech has a variety of POWER
STACK basket patterns to choose from.
We offer many basket heights and sizes
that will fit most base trays and door
heights. Each basket comes with two or
three removable stacking bars, which
greatly help prevent the baskets from bowing. We also provide mesh basket screens
and liners in either #2 or #4 mesh. Compared to a typical bar-framed welded basket, the POWER STACK baskets weigh
about 7% more, mostly due to the addition
of the stacking bars.
Since 1985, Pro-Tech has been and continues to be focused on improving the overall customer experience by concentrating
on the constant improvement of customer
service, product design, product performance and personal sales assistance. Our
POWER STACK basket line continues
to improve and evolve based on customer
feedback. Our motto is “innovative thermal-processing solutions.” We continue to
innovate and continue to move forward.
Built to
OUTPERFORM
™
ONE-PIECE CAST BASKETS
BAR FRAME BASKET
W
W
PRO-TECH POWERSTACK™ BASKET
*Actual picture after 425
carburizing batch furnace loads
Above and Beyond
t
t
t
t
Outperform & outlast typical bar frame baskets
Won’t prematurely bow and warp
Bottom stays flat and sides stay straight
10-15% more loading capacity
Versatile and Available
t Hundreds of basket patterns and sizes available
t Sits on all tray sizes such as: 24” x 36”, 36” x 48”, 24” x 30”,
30” x 48”, 24” x 24”, 30” x 30”, 36” x 36” & many more
t Standard wire mesh liners available
t Common basket sizes IN STOCK
The Preferred Choice...
Pro-Tech designs and casts a variety
of base trays, dedicated part fixtures
and furnace replacement parts for
batch, pusher, roller hearth, continuous
belt and vacuum furnaces. Visit our
website for more information.
www.protechcompanyinc.com
sales@protechcompanyinc.com
630.271.0551
“The POWERSTACK basket sides don’t cave in like my bar frames do.”
“These baskets really hold up, they’re really durable.”
“After buying the POWERSTACKs my furnace operators don’t want to
go back to using the bar frames- they really like the way they stack.”
INNOVATIVE THERMAL PROCESSING SOLUTIONS
Protection Controls Inc.
Combustion Safeguards
P
r
rotection
Controls Inc. offers this comprehensive
S
Service Manual covering all PROTECTOFIER
ccombustion safeguard units. It provides important
and valuable information on installation, service guides,
testing and troubleshooting, as well as specifications, features
and application on Protection Controls' single and multiburner units.
For more information, contact:
Protection Controls, Inc.
P.O. Box 287
Skokie, IL 60076
Tel: 847-674-7676
Fax: 847-674-7009
e-mail@protectioncontrolsinc.com
www.protectioncontrolsinc.com
BOO
W
NE
K
Swerea IVF
System for Safeguarding the
Performance of Quenching Systems
i
iv
ivf SmartQuench is a system for recording and analyzing cooling curves according to ISO 9950, ASTM
in
D6200 and ASTM D6482. Introduced in 2003, ivf
D
SmartQuench has now been sold in more than 180 units
S
to more than 29 countries.
SQintegra is an extension of the ivf SmartQuench software originally used for handling and evaluation of cooling
curves. With SQintegra it is possible to calculate heattransfer coefficients from the measured cooling curves as
well as calculate
hardness and
microstructure
distributions
for cylindrical
geometries.
832 pages, covering metallography, grades of
steel, heat treatment processes, material testing,
equipment used, associated processes and safety.
Swedish edition sold in 1000 copies.
To order: www.swerea.se/en/Publications/
Qual-Fab Inc.
Q
u
ual-Fab
Inc. specializes in a broad
range
of replacement stainless
r
and
high-nickel alloy fabricaa
tions
for the heat-treat industry,
t
including
radiant tubes of all
i
styles
and
sizes,
both
cast
and fabricated conl
d i
struction. The company produces other fabricated furnace parts, including furnace muffles,
rolls, serpentine trays, corrugated baskets,
retorts, fans, ductwork and specialty fixtures.
With extensive experience in all these furnace
parts, we can guarantee quality products at very
competitive prices. Many times, we can rebuild
your product, reusing the portions that are still
good to save costs. We build exclusively to your
drawings, so don’t hesitate to give us a call.
advertorial
SECO/WARWICK
S
E
ECO/WARWICK's
new
li
line of equipment, the CaseM
Master Evolution® univers batch furnace for lowsal
b
pressure carburizing
equipped with an oil
quench, provides a technically advanced
alternative to traditional integral-quench
furnace systems for many applications, including:
is an updated technology that provides
process integrity at higher temperatures,
saving process costs by reducing the carburizing cycle and reducing process gas
consumption. All SECO/WARWICK
LPC systems may be supported with the
proprietary SimVac simulation software.
The CaseMaster Evolution system offers many process advantages:
• Aviation (engine and landing-gear
components)
• Automotive (gearbox components and
drive axles)
• Machine tool (drive axles, gear wheels,
toothed rings)
• Bearings (bearing rings)
• Commercial heat treating
• Cost and time reduction of carburizing process using FineCarb technology
compared with conventional technologies
• High-quality (clean and bright) parts
following heat treatment
• Reliability
• Consistent process repeatability
• No load decarburization and oxidation
• Minimizes quench distortion
• Environmentally friendly (no CO2
emissions)
• Optimal processing gas consumption
• Full automation of the thermal and oil
hardening processes
• Computer control system is equipped
with a visualization system
• Easy process setup and visual display of
This single system is capable of
performing low-pressure carburizing
(FineCarb® LPC), LPC with prenitriding (PreNitLPC©), bright hardening
(oxidation in preheat chamber), annealing
and tempering.
FineCarb is SECO/WARWICK’s proven LPC technology that has been in commercial use for over 10 years. PreNitLPC
CaseMaster
Evolution®
Cooling vestibule
the process parameters
• Data archiving and reporting system
• Furnace can be used for hardening and
a variety of other heat-treatment processes
• Compact construction leaves small
footprint
The furnace will operate up to 1320°C
(2400°F) achieving a temperature uniformity in the heating chamber of +/- 5°C.
The operating vacuum range is 10-2 mbar,
with 10-5 mbar offered as an option. Under standard conditions, the charge can be
transferred from the heating chamber to
the oil quench in less than 20 seconds.
The CaseMaster Evolution is fully automated and provides precise monitoring
of the process during the heating and
quenching cycles. The SimCarb™ nodule
is available to design and simulate carburizing processes prior to running trials. By
modeling processes in advance, process
parameters can be checked, saving process
time and avoiding scrapped parts.
The furnace operation will meet AMS
2750D, AMS 2759, BAC 5621, PN-EN
98/37 and PN-EN 746-1 standards.
Servomex
Oxygen Analyzer Ideal for Heat Treating
D
e
elivering
heat-treatment
pprocesses the measurement
sstability and reliability that
gguarantees
exceptional
bbatch
h quality
li and improves plant safety,
the Servomex DF-150E oxygen analyzer
is ideal for OEM furnace manufacturers,
heat-treatment contractors and on-site
processors that provide treatment for end
products in-house.
Offering single-range or three-range
options – ideal for furnace start-up and
operation conditions – and accuracy of
±3% of reading and 0.5% of measurement
range, the DF-150E’s unique coulometric sensor technology ensures accurate
results with no sensor drifting, no false
low readings and no frequent calibration
requirements. This produces a “no fail”
performance where a false O2 reading can
waste thousands of dollars in poor batch
quality or cause safety issues when using
hydrogen (H2) or mixtures using H2 as a
blanketing gas.
Able to measure O2 in a range of inert
and modified atmospheres, the DF-150E
protects against oxidization in a range of
process conditions including reflow, annealing and sintering, batch annealing
and brazing.
The sensitivity of the measurement
avoids the schedule disruption, waste and
scrap costs incurred by oxidized product,
and it ensures plant safety is fully maintained when using H2 as a purge gas in
sintering and annealing processes.
WHEN IT COMES TO
OXYGEN ANALYSIS,
FAILURE IS NOT
AN OPTION.
THE DELTA F
Featuring Servomex’s UNIQUE
non-depleting technology:
continually protecting your
product from oxidisation,
guaranteeing batch quality
and ensuring plant safety.
DON’T
T ACCEPT FAILURE:
SWITCH TO SERVOMEX
TODAY.
W W W. S E R V O M E X . C O M
The Road to Quality...
incorporated
Super Systems Inc.
S
Furnace Control, HMI,
Data Logging - All In One
Atmosphere and Temperature
Programmable Controller
Vacuum and Temperature
Nitriding and Temperature
Fax: 513 - 772 - 9466
Easy to use recipe programmer
Universal Modbus communicator
Furnace utilization
Compact HMI
Built in paperless recorder
Remote data access
513 - 772 - 0060
u
uper
Systems Inc. (SSi) has added powerful tools to
it
its software lineup. For years, customers in the heatttreating industry have utilized SSi’s SuperDATA
ppackage, which provides continuous plant-wide data
aacquisition with real-time and historical data logging of parts, quality, loads and production trends; reporting; full
database integration; and a real-time Human-Machine Interface
(HMI).
Two applications are part of the SuperDATA family: Load Entry and SDStatus. Load Entry is a robust load tracking and recipe
management package that offers a centralized solution with easy
access to all furnace controllers. Load Entry supports programmable and non-recipe-based instruments, generates utilization
reports, and provides load and parts’ traceability as well as recipe
accountability. SDStatus provides round-the-clock server and
device monitoring and alarming with the ability to send e-mail
notifications when user-defined events (such as interrupted data
logging) take place.
These solutions exemplify SSi’s continued dedication to providing customers with the tools they need to be successful and
enhance their competitive advantage.
From
7205 Edington Dr. Cincinnati, OH 45249
Modernize Your Vacuum
SuperOperations
Systems
Furnace
with control solutions
www.supersystems.com
Solar Manufacturing
Introducing GraFFite™ – the Highly Efficient Hot Zone
a
acuum-furnace
hot-zone
ddesigns have evolved over
tthe past 30 years to address
cconcerns relating to good
sstructural integrity, gas
li improvements
i
cooling
and extending element life and performance. However, other than adding more insulation, very little
emphasis has been placed on heat-loss
concerns and overall power requirements,
which should be the primary objectives of
a good hot zone.
Over the last year, Solar Manufacturing, in cooperation with the significant
corporate resources of Solar Atmospheres,
has devoted extended time and effort on
improving current conventional designs
with more highly efficient insulation and
components.
This research and development has
focused on the critical factor in establishing
final heat loss – minimizing the ring
temperature to be as low as possible.
Recent studies at Solar Manufacturing
have concluded that conductive losses
that occur through the layers of insulation
can be greatly reduced with the addition
of graphite foil placed between each layer
of graphite. This has resulted in the new
V
Heat transfer
illustration
Solar GraFFite™ hot zone, where the use
of graphite-foil layering is applicable to
any combination of hot-zone design.
Besides the inclusion of additional layers of graphite foil between graphite felt,
there are also many other supporting hotzone design factors that contribute to heat
losses from the hot-zone internal to the
outer ring or chamber wall. Solar Manufacturing has made advances in these areas as well.
Graphite Nozzles
Solar’s machined, tapered graphite nozzles
have provided excellent gas-quench performance. As a result of our studies, we
have discovered that the nozzles, in spite
of their demonstrated design function,
also conduct heat energy out and away
from the hot-zone internal to the hot-zone
ring and inner wall of the chamber.
Solar was able to find a graphite material with a thermal conductivity that is less
than half of our prior material. This proved
to be a major start to minimizing thermal
conduction. Also, since conduction is a
function of cross-sectional area of the conducting member, minimizing the cross section of the nozzle was Solar’s first objective.
Outer chamber wall
Inner chamber wall
'A'
'B'
Heat transfer
Heating
element
Hot face
(.090" graphite foil)
Water
cooling
Ring development
(304 stainless steel)
Graphite felt (4 layers)
New GraFFite™
hot zone
This was accomplished by reducing the
nozzle thickness in certain areas.
Another improvement was to attempt
to minimize the heat conduction from the
nozzle graphite screw retainer to the ring
assembly. This was done by inserting a
ceramic plate between the screw retainer
and the ring, thus basically eliminating
any direct contact between the nozzle and
the ring.
Test results on all of the above show
considerable improvement in heat losses
associated with the nozzles.
Element Supports/Insulation
Retainers
Energy loss was decreased by reducing the
number of these members where feasible
and modifying the retainer lug, which is
welded to the ring assembly.
Hearth Support Pins
This configuration was improved by providing a ceramic plate insert between the
socket cup and the channel. This greatly
reduces the heat conduction from the pin
to the chamber since ceramic has a thermal conductivity factor that is 95% better
than the molybdenum pin support.
When “just good enough”
isn’t good enough for you.
Ingenuity
Experience
Value
Service engineer upgrading control
software to the latest version for
optimal furnace operation.
Versatility
SERVICE
At Solar Manufacturing, our dedication to service doesn’t end with installation.
Professional aftermarket support is not an option – it’s our way of doing business.
Whether over the phone or in the field, you’ll receive a fast, capable response every
time. Keep your furnace investment running with quality spare parts, hand crafted
hot zone replacements and rebuilds, skilled maintenance, and expert training. We
provide the most comprehensive service required to maintain maximum performance
of your vacuum furnace, regardless of its brand.
To experience our “better than good enough” service commitment,
call 267-384-5040 or visit www.solarmfg.com.
Integrity
The Brightest Solutions
Through Ingenuity
PROUDLY MADE IN THE USA
Steeltech Ltd.
A
s a world-class producer of superior heat- and
d
ccorrosion-resistant products for internationall
aand domestic markets since 1929, Steeltech Ltd.
d.
aachieves maximum customer satisfaction by tak-iing the
th extra
t step to develop revolutionary products that help
p
you improve your bottom line.
The latest line of products developed by Steeltech’s continu-ous improvement program is the Cast-Lite Basket. The projectt
was initiated in response to constant complaints from cus-tomers about the deformation of their rod-frame baskets afterr
minimal use.
After years of research, Steeltech was able to re-engineerr
the commonly used rod-frame basket and created the Cast-Lite Basket, a more energy-efficient, longer-lasting, lightweightt
design. This solid one-piece cast basket allows for superiorr
mee
structural strength while using less material than its rod-frame
te
counterparts. Unlike their predecessors, Steeltech’s Cast-Lite
eBaskets have a much longer service life with a reduced reor
shaping need. This greatly reduces the time, money and labor
ts
wasted while reshaping rod-frame baskets. Cast-Lite Baskets
were created with their handlers in mind, as they are slotted too
make stacking easy and designed to be operator friendly due too
the lighter weight.
h
Cast-Lite Baskets are just one of the products that Steeltech
provides in an effort to improve your bottom line. Some otherr
energy-efficient products include the Alternative Energy Saving
(AES) radiant tubes, the only radiant tube in the market with a
five-year warranty and up to 20% natural gas savings; and Super
Dry Rolls, a solution for water-consuming, energy-wasting wet
rolls. Both the Super Dry Rolls and the AES radiant tubes significantly reduce energy usage and help preserve and promote a
healthier environment, all while saving you money.
With highly trained casting engineers using the latest solid
modeling and finite element analysis software, Steeltech can
help you increase your throughput, decrease your alloy fixturing weight and increase the life of your alloy components. The
Steeltech team has the knowledge, technology and expertise to
provide you with the latest designs, highest-quality castings and
the opportunity to continuously improve the efficiency of your
operation.
Steeltech puts great emphasis on personal contact with
their customers. For this reason, you will find that there is
no voicemail or automated phone system. To take customer
service to the next level, Steeltech offers a 24-hour, 7 days a
week toll-free number where you can talk to a human being
at any time of the day or night. Simply dial 800-897-7833 to
contact Steeltech’s customer service team today.
Surface Combustion
S
in 1915, Surface Combusince
ttion has focused on our techn
nical and practical experieence to provide customers
i h rugged,
d long-lasting
l
with
equipment. With
this, Surface remains highly dedicated to
the pursuit of new technology through extensive research efforts and maintaining
our industry-leading service and technical
support capability.
Innovation is a tradition at Surface.
More than 675 patents and 75 registered
trademarks support our technical accomplishments. Technologies that customers
can use and that meet Surface standards
of rugged reliability are important to our
present-day development objectives.
For nearly 60 years, the Allcase® batch
integral-quench furnace has been the versatile workhorse of industry. Whether it is
used for automotive, off-road, aerospace,
mining, oil field, wind power, tool & die
or commercial heat-treating applications,
it has stood the test of time and is the
undisputed industry benchmark. Allcase
furnaces come in a variety of standardized
and custom-designed sizes and can be supplied with all required companion equipment. The furnaces can be equipped with
various sophistication levels of controls
and material-handling automation.
Also, Surface is committed to improv-
ing our aftermarket customer services.
This is comprised of our rebuilding, retrofitting and equipment maintenance capabilities, aftermarket parts, and field service
engineering. Each aspect of aftermarket is
important to our customer support efforts.
Our Rebuild/Retrofit Department is
charged with finding ways, often new and
innovative, to keep your present Surface
equipment operating well into the future.
With an installed base of equipment dating back to the early 1900s, it is not unusual to have customer’s requests with
50-year-old furnaces. The typical rebuild/
retrofit project entails re-bricking and
re-alloying of a furnace; re-lining of a
vacuum inner chamber; changing of RX®
endothermic gas generator catalyst; or
replacement of furnace components that
have worn, corroded or overheated over
time. In addition, we perform energy-efficiency-based retrofits such as burner and
burner control upgrades, recuperation,
insulation upgrades, and operating energy
conversions from gas to electric and vice
versa. In some instances, Surface Combustion will engineer capacity increases to
boost throughput or perform conversions
to allow for the running of different processes in any given furnace.
Our Aftermarket Parts Department is
tasked with being able to provide replace-
ment parts on a timely basis, regardless of
the age of the equipment. Customers are
offered a choice of purchasing from our
wide selection of stocked components for
immediate delivery or taking advantage of
purchases through our vast supply chain
for longer deliveries while enjoying cost
savings.
Surface Combustion has established
key relationships with alloy foundries
to provide our customers with the best
price and delivery combinations in the
industry while maintaining high quality.
Other programs, such as on-site inventory
management for our customers, alloy scrap
credit and holiday shutdown preparation,
are offered.
Our Service Department is staffed with
the most experienced personnel in the
industry. They are available for immediate dispatch to solve equipment problems,
for preventative maintenance calls or for
additional training on the proper use of
equipment. Service personnel are degreed
engineers who take pride in their work.
They are continuously trained to learn the
latest industry technologies and to be able
to discuss them with our customers.
Please think of the Surface Combustion Aftermarket Team (rebuild/retrofit,
parts and service) when your equipment is
in need of upgrades or repairs.
TECHNOLOGY
CONTINUOUS FURNACES
NITRIDING FURNACES
Single and Multi-Row Designs ■
Gas-Fired and Electrically Heated Units ■
■ Wide Range of Process Applications ■
■ Various Levels of Automation ■
■ Belt, Pusher, Roller Hearth, and Rotary Styles
■ Wide Range Of Companion Equipment ■
Gas Nitrider Designs ■
Ion (Plasma) Nitrider Designs ■
■ Gas-Fired and Electrically Heated Units ■
■ Vertical and Horizontal Configurations ■
■ Completely Automated ■
■ Companion Gas Generators/Incinerators ■
■
■
■
■
■
LP CARBURIZING FURNACES
FURNACE AUTOMATION
Single and Multi-Chamber Designs ■
■ Gas-Fired and Electrically Heated Units ■
■ High Pressure Gas and Oil Quench Units ■
■ Patented Cyclohexane Injection System ■
■ Wide Range Of Companion Equipment ■
Various Levels of Automation Available ■
■ Available for Batch or Continuous Furnaces ■
■ Complete Networking/Trending Available ■
■ Standardized or Custom Packages Available ■
■
■
For over 95 years, Surface Combustion has focused on applying our technical and
practical experience to the pursuit of moving heat treating and furnace technology forward.
■
Enhancing Past Technologies
■
Expanding Existing Technologies
■
Establishing New Technologies
SURFACE COMBUSTION, INC. • 1700 INDIAN WOOD CIRCLE • P.O. BOX 428 • MAUMEE, OH 43537
PH: (419) 891-7150, (800) 537-8980 • FAX: (419) 891-7151
EMAIL: info@surfacecombustion.com • WEBSITE: www.surfacecombustion.com
advertorial
Tenova Core
T
en
enova
Core is a multi-business
uunit Tenova company, based
in Pittsburgh, Pa., providing
th
the advanced technology of
LOI IItalimpianti,
l
the furnace business of
Tenova. Tenova Core offers high-quality
furnaces, equipment and services for the
North American metals industry, including innovative heat-treating furnaces. Our
heat-treating equipment product line also
includes gas generators, material-handling
systems and process control/automation
systems for all types of heat-treating applications.
Our proven furnace designs feature
shorter cycle times, optimal product quality and lower operating costs per ton.
Custom-built furnaces for annealing,
bright annealing, carburizing, galvanizing, normalizing, spheroidizing, hardening, tempering and heating are available.
Our design and supply experience includes
furnaces for the heat treating of forgings,
automotive components, plate, wire, pipe,
strip coils, bar, copper tubing, Si-Steel and
other typical products.
Plate and Pipe Heat-Treating Furnaces
Tenova Core offers a variety of furnaces
for plate and pipe applications. Designs
include walking beam, walking hearth,
roller hearth, rotary hearth (for pipe),
batch-processing-type furnaces as well as
complete heat-treating lines with quenching technology. Our plate and pipe heattreating furnaces provide the customer
with high-quality and low-variability
products and are custom built to meet the
strictest requirements of the plant. To
lessen the impact of energy costs, furnaces
are designed using the most efficient combustion system for the specific application.
Aluminum Furnace Technology
The single-coil lifting hearth furnace provides a flexible annealing concept for the
processing of aluminum coils. A typical
plant configuration would consist of several furnace units operating independently with a common charging/discharging
system. Some of the benefits include short
heating and cooling times, individual coil
heat treatment, fully integrated automatic
charging and easily expandable heat-treatment lines.
Additional aluminum furnace designs
include multi-coil furnaces, custom-designed heat-treatment plants for processing of cast and forged aluminum wheels,
batch and continuous furnaces for age
hardening applications, and melting furnaces for aluminum recycling.
Rotary-Hearth Furnaces
Tenova Core is a recognized leader for the
design and supply of custom rotary-hearth
furnaces for heat-treatment applications.
Tenova Core offers advanced energy-efficient designs for the processing of materials such as forgings, castings, rod, wire
and pipe. We also offer innovative zoneseparated rotary-hearth furnace technology for the heat treating of automotive
components.
Tenova Core’s complete product range
includes reheat furnaces, carbon processing furnaces, specialty furnaces, melt-shop
equipment and submerged arc furnaces as
well as automation and control systems.
Tenova Core also understands the importance of providing high-quality technical
services, including engineering studies,
energy surveys, equipment revamps, tuneups, spare parts and training.
Innovative industrial furnace
technology
Tenova Core designs, supplies and delivers to the North American market, the
cutting-edge technology of LOI Italimpianti, the furnace business of Tenova.
Heat treating furnace designs include batch and continuous type furnaces as well as
complete heat treating lines. We specialize in installing quality furnaces to process
plate, pipe, tube, bar, wire, forgings, strip and automotive parts.
Product uniformity, low fuel consumption, high quality construction and advanced
custom designed process and automation control systems are just a few of the benefits
and features of our comprehensive furnace technology.
Tenova Core, advanced furnace and metal making technologies.
CORE
Tenova Core - Cherrington Corporate Center - 100 Corporate Center Drive - Coraopolis, PA 15108, USA
Phone (412) 262 2240 - Fax (412) 262 2055 - info@tenovacore.com - www.tenovacore.com - www.tenovagroup.com
T-M Vacuum Products
A
p
pioneer
in the high-vacuum heat-treating industry, T-M has been manuffacturing high-vacuum furnaces and ovens since 1965 in our New Jersey
ffacility. Our furnaces come in a work-zone sizes ranging from 2-36 cubic
ffeet with operatiing temperatures
t
t
from 200˚C up
to 2000°C (3632°F) with ±3°C
temperature uniformity available in most models. We offer
vacuum/pressure levels to 10-8
torr/6 bar. Our furnace systems
come with full computer control
and data logging, and our ovens
come with PLC/color touchscreen interface control and
data logging. We offer a wide
range of sizes and options to fit
your budget.
THE
SCIENCE
> Manufacturing vacuum furnaces
and ovens in our New Jersey
facility since 1965
> Unsurpassed temperature
uniformity, precision control
and data logging
> Easier AMS2750D and NADCAP
conformance
> Offering a range of sizes and
options to fit your budget
T-M Vacuum Products, Inc.
1-856-829-2000
www.tmvacuum.com
OF VACUUM
info@tmvacuum.com
Cinnaminson, NJ USA
Tinius Olsen
New Hardness Testing Line
T
in
inius
Olsen, the Horsham, Pa.-based
manufacturer
of materials testing
m
machines
and
systems,
has launched a
m
diversified
line
of
new-generation
d
hardness
testers
that can rapidly and accurately
h d
t
determine the hardness value of a wide variety of
materials, including metals, plastics, large parts
and small precision parts.
Users can choose from universal models that
can run any popular hardness scale test (Vickers,
Micro-Vickers, Brinell, Rockwell, Superficial
Rockwell, Knoop, HBT or HVT) or methodspecific units. Portable, bench and floor-mounted
testers are available. By integrating the latest
designs, hardware and firmware, these testers are
fast, accurate and demonstrate some of the best
gauge repeatability and reproducibility data in
the industry, along with excellent accuracies and
resolutions.
Each tester in the range is priced to include all
accessories needed to run that model’s hardness test
methods. A variety of precision workpiece sliding
tables, built-in electronic digital microscopes,
objectives of varying magnification and LED
illumination choices ensure virtually every hardness
testing requirement can be met, from light to heavy
duty. Many portable models extend test choices
into the field.
That’s because Tinius Olsen
now offers a model for virtually
every hardness testing requirement,
every customer preference.
All backed with global
customer support
from field calibration
and service teams.
• Rockwell
• Superficial Rockwell
• Brinell
• Vickers
• Micro-Vickers
• Knoop
• Universal Systems
Choosing
a hardness
tester
just got
a whole
lot easier.
• Benchtop
• Heavy-duty
• Portable
• Manual
• Automated
(215) 675-7100
www.TiniusOlsen.com
WE’VE STOOD THE
TEST OF TIME. SO
HAVE OUR ELEMENTS.
TRENT Inc.
T
R
RENT
Inc. has over 75 years of experience in
m
manufacturing process-heating equipment in diverse
in
industries. As a leading designer in the industry,
TRENT provides innovative, cost-effective and dependable
products and services.
First patented in 1933, Folded & Formed® heating elements are unique ribbon-type elements that were developed to meet industry needs for higher temperatures and
improved temperature
control. TRENT’s F&F
heating elements are used
in heating racks, plug
heaters, electric ovens,
electric furnaces, electric
jackets, kettles, melters
and hot plates.
We understand savings and performance
are critical to your business. That’s why we
design our elements for maximum efficiency,
longer life, best-in-class structural rigidity
and fast heat-up and cool-down times.
We carry a full line of
ovens, furnaces, heating
elements and melters.
www.trentheat.com
info@trentheat.com
201 Leverington Avenue, Philadelphia, PA
Phone (800) 544 TRENT s Fax (215) 482-9389
Spend less time searching for information
and more time using it
Online Buyers Guide
• Search by product category or company name
• Downloadable product spec sheets
• Alpha company listings
• Live web & email links
• Product photos
BROWSE
CLICK
CONNECT
Start your search today! www.industrialheating.com
Wellman Furnaces, Inc.
W
e
ellman
Furnaces, Inc. is
uniquely
equipped to
u
design,
manufacture
and
d
install
your
next
heat
in
processing
Whether your need is for
i system. W
a continuous or batch process, small or large
load, long or short cycle, fixed or variable
process, electric or fuel-fired, Wellman has
the knowledge and expertise to build the
equipment. The company's record provides it
with over 100 years of solid heat processing
experience across the globe.
With a Wellman furnace, you get more
than just a furnace. You get the experience,
engineering excellence and reliability that
mean optimum performance. The company's
background with most furnace types allows
them to meet your specific application with a
well-considered solution. It also gives them
the foresight to anticipate and avoid costly
problems, which allows their equipment to be
started-up in minimum time.
The furnaces and systems shown in the
ad below are just a few of the hundreds of
successful units Wellman Furnaces has manufactured at its modern production facility.
These examples show the broad range of
Wellman's experience and manufacturing
capabilities. If you would like to know how
Wellman Furnaces can help you with your
next heat-processing requirement, visit
www.wellmanfurnaces.com or contact Bob
Longstreet (senior project manager) at 317398-4411, ext. 211.
advertorial
Wisconsin Oven
Industrial Ovens for a Variety of Industries, Applications
W
i
isconsin
Oven offers
h
high-quality heat-treat
oovens and furnaces
w
with standard temperi
500 650, 800, 1000, 1250
ature ratings
off 500,
and 1400°F. They can be heated by gas
(direct or indirect), electric or steam. Typical applications include aging, tempering,
annealing, stress relieving, solution heat
treating, etc.
Equipment is available in either batch
or continuous designs. Continuous heattreating equipment can be designed as
belt conveyors, overhead trolleys, ferris
wheels or carrousels, to name a few. Custom equipment is designed around the
customer’s specific process requirements.
Products processed include door hardware,
wood products, fasteners, aerospace and
automotive components, caskets, vehicle
frames, decorative metals, military items,
etc. The list goes on and on.
Equipment is completely factory assembled and tested prior to shipment. Turnkey installations, start-up service, spare
parts and PM programs are also available
through our service department (service@
wisoven.com).
Please contact us for any of your heatprocessing requirements by phone at 262642-3938, by fax at 262-363-4018 or by email at sales@wisoven.com.
Products Offered
• Standard and custom designs
• Electric, steam and gas-fired
• Batch, indexing and continuous
• Belt conveyor, overhead trolley and
spindle conveyor ovens
• Drop bottoms and pit furnaces
• Convection, infrared and combination
• Exterior-mounted W-Wall™ ovens
• Quench tanks and washers
• Laboratory or industrial equipment
Services Offered
• Turnkey installations
• Start-up and training
• On-site uniformity
• Preventative maintenance
• Profile testing and balancing
• Service and repair
• Rebuilding and retrofitting
• Spare parts
Contact us to see how we can help you
with your application.
Wisconsin Oven Corporation
2675 Main St. • P.O. Box 873
East Troy, WI 53120 USA
Phone: 262-642-3938
Fax: 262-363-4018
Website: www.wisoven.com
E-mail: sales@wisoven.com
Yokogawa
Controller Combines PID Control with Ladder Logic
Y
ok
okogawa’s
new UTAdvanced
is the latest generation of PID
lo
loop controllers. The UTAdva
vanced combines PID coni h lladder
dd logic in 1/8 and 1/4 DIN
troll with
packages. In addition to standard PID control, there are two fuzzy algorithms, eight
control modes (PV selection, cascade, PV
hold, etc.) and eight control algorithms.
This full-function controller also has universal inputs and outputs. Three digital
inputs and three digital outputs come as
standard. Digital I/O is expandable up to
nine digital inputs and 18 digital outputs.
In order to make this controller as easy to
use, the UTAdvanced can be set for one
of three operating modes – Easy, Standard and Pro. Easy is used for standard
temperature control and has the shortest
X_DI1
Set
MO1
RST
R_S
Control start relay
menus and fewest parameters. Pro allows
complete setup for advanced applications,
and Standard resides in the middle of the
other options.
When setting up the controller, you can
decide whether or not to use the ladder
logic feature that comes standard. Ladder
logic functions include timers, counters,
math instructions, compare, etc. Since
each parameter in the PID controller has
an address, the ladder logic can be used to
interact with the controller operation. For
example, a program could modify the setpoint based upon some logic conditions.
Other features that enhance the value
of the internal ladder logic function are
programmable keys, color changing display and a scrolling message on the display.
The keys on the front of the controller can
act as digital inputs to a ladder program,
allowing operator interaction without external hardware. An alarm or a digital flag
can trigger the display to scroll a text message such as “Load Done” or “Door Open.”
This tight coupling of PID control and
ladder logic program provides more benefit
at a lower cost than using a separate PID
controller with a PLC, especially where an
HMI is needed. The UTAdvanced display
can be used to display up to 10 parameters
in addition to the controller displays.
A perfect application for the UTAdvanced would be a process requiring a
guaranteed heat soak time but where the
complexity of a profile controller is not
desirable. The UTAdvanced could have
a short ladder program that compares the
temperature to the setpoint. When the
temperature is at setpoint, a timer would
start. When the time expires, the process
shuts off and signals that it is done.
Another application would be temperature control of a gas-fired furnace with a
flame detector. When a flameout is detected, the controller would go to manual
mode and turn the output off. Another input would cause the output to go to 100%
for a purge.
MO1
PV_L1
>
SP_L1
SET
Control start flag
MO2
PV>SP flag
MO2
TIM
PV>SP flag
CLK1
TIM1
KO1
Timer for heat treatment
X_DI1
RST
Control stop relay
MO1
Control start flag
TIM1
RST
TIM1
Timer for heat treatment
RST
MO2
PV>SP flag
SET
R_S
Controller Stop m
MO2
LED ALM1 ON
The UTAdvanced ladder program performs
heat soak application.
UT55A Hybrid controller and UP55A profile controller
Literature/Website
Showcase
Instrumentation & Control | Materials Characterization & Testing Equipment
Data Logger
Clemex Technologies
Traditional Hardness Testing Combining Image Analysis
Clemex CMT.HD is a field-proven solution in macro and micro
hardness testing. Bundled with Clemex Vision Lite software and its
four Application Modules, turn your tester into a powerful quantitative
microscopy instrument allowing the tester to act as a materials imageanalysis system. Analyze phases, layer thickness, and grain or particle
size, and gain a complete understanding of mechanical properties of
your samples with a single tool. Clemex CMT.HD is one of the most
complete and affordable metallurgical image-analysis systems on the
market today. www.clemex.com/turnyourtester
Super Systems, Inc.
Developed for harsh environments, the SDS
8020/SDS 8040 data logger is the latest
in hardware and software technology for
portable data acquisition. With operatorfriendly interface and software utilities, a
reporting platform compliant with many
industry specifications, including AMS 2750D,
is provided. Call 513-772-0060 to arrange a
demonstration.
Digital Indicating Controllers
Yokogawa
The UTAdvanced is Yokogawa’s newest
controller that combines PID control and
ladder logic. The universal flexibility and
ample communication protocols makes
the UTAdvanced the most efficient and
easy-to-use hybrid controller.
www.yokogawa.com/us
Nanodac Recorder/Controller
Materials Testing Equipment
Invensys Eurotherm
Invensys Eurotherm is a leading global
supplier of control, measurement and data
recording solutions and services to industrial
and process customers. The product range
includes data management and graphic
recorders (new Nanodac recorder/controller)
and multi-loop controllers, power control and
signal conditioning.
www.eurotherm.com
This brochure gives an overview of
ATS’ extensive line of affordable yet
uncompromising materials testing
equipment. ATS is large enough to offer
an extensive line of standard products.
However, it is and always will be flexible
enough to custom-tailor any systems for a
specific application. Contact: 724-283-1212
www.atspa.com
Temperature Measurement Handbook
Hardness Testing & Image Analysis
Omega Engineering
Volume MMXIV Omega Temperature
Measurement Handbook 7th Edition offers
detailed information and specifications on more
than 40,000 products for process measurement
and control featured on over 2,000 color
pages. The New 7th Edition contains the latest
technology and new products in sanitary
temperature sensors and devices, thermal
imagers and infrared temperature products, and
much more. www.omega.com/literature
Clemex Technologies Inc.
Clemex CMT.HD is a field-proven hardness
testing solution that offers unparalleled
image quality and capabilities, and it is fully
ASTME E-384 and DIN/ISO 6507 compliant.
Clemex CMT.HD now offers more by adding a
free copy of Image Analysis software Clemex
Vision Lite.
www.clemex.com
Oxygen Analyzers
Metal Hardness Testing
Proceq USA
Servomex
As an expert in gas analysis, Servomex has
established itself as the leading provider
of reliable, accurate and stable gasmeasurement solutions to industries across
the globe. Servomex delivers a complete
package of product and service that ensures
customers improve output quality, maintain
plant and process safety, and meet legislative
requirements.
www.servomex.com
Proceq offers several instruments for
nondestructive testing: hardness testers
Equotip 3, Equotip Piccolo 2/Bambino 2
and Equostat 3; and ultrasonic thickness
gauge Zonotip. Also available is the Equotip
3 Automation Package, which facilitates the
integration of hardness tests into quality
management systems.
www.proceq.com
Literature/Website
Products
Showcase
Materials Characterization & Testing Equip. | Vacuum Pumps | Misc.
Handbook
Swerea IVF
Steel and its Heat Treatment: A Handbook
covers everything from metallography, grades
of steel, heat-treatment processes and materials testing to equipment used, safety and
associated processes. The 832-page, full-color
book can be used as a handbook as well as
for educational purposes at companies and
universities.
www.swereaivf.se
Hardness Testing
Tinius Olsen
A product guide on a new line of hardness
testing machines is available from Tinius
Olsen, the Horsham, Pa.-based manufacturer
of materials testing machines and systems.
The company has launched a diversified line
of new-generation hardness testers that can
rapidly and accurately determine the hardness value of a wide variety of materials.
www.tiniusolsen.com
Vacuum Pumps
Metallurgical High Vacuum Corp.
Three recently introduced pumps include a
430 CFM model and two 300 CFM models,
available with high-pressure lubrication, oil
filtration and a full gauge package. These
high-quality pumps are American-made.
MHV provides in-depth service, design and
engineering on a wide range of high-vacuum
equipment.
www.methivac.com
High-Temperature Tape
Aremco Products
Pyro-Tape 682-TB is a new thermally insulative, high-temperature
tape fabricated using a silica-ceramic cloth combined with an
adhesive backing layer to make it easier to wrap pipes. The tape is
rated to 2500°F. It is typically
used to insulate hightemperature pipes, doors and
ductwork used in combustion
systems as well as heat
exchangers, incinerators and
exhaust systems. It is available
in several standard sizes.
www.aremco.com
Air Nozzle
EXAIR Corp.
The new Pico Super Air Nozzle™, at only 5 mm in diameter, provides
precision blow-off with a directed high-volume, high-velocity airflow. The air nozzle projects less than ½ inch past the mounting surface, which permits installation where space is limited. The durable
Type 316 stainless steel construction is ideally suited for blow-off,
cooling and drying applications located in general industrial, hightemperature or corrosive environments. This CE-compliant air nozzle
has been engineered to provide a narrowly focused air pattern that
measures only 1.3 inches in diameter when positioned 6 inches
away from the target surface. High
amplification of entrained airflow
and a blowing force of 5 ounces
are achieved with minimal air
consumption. The Pico Super Air
Nozzle meets the OSHA standards
for dead-end pressure and noise
requirements, ensuring safe operation. www.exair.com
Vacuum Pumps and Systems
The new Product Overview 2010 brochure
details the full-line of vacuum technology
products offered by Oerlikon Leybold
Vacuum. Our vacuum pumps, boosters,
customized pumping systems and leak
detectors are used in heat-treatment and
metallurgy applications throughout the
world. Both dry-compression and oil-sealed
vacuum pumps are featured.
Cooling Towers
Delta Cooling Towers manufactures a
complete line of corrosion-proof engineeredplastic cooling towers. The towers carry a
15-year warranty on the casing, which is
molded into a unitary leak-proof structure
of engineered plastic. All models are factory
assembled and simple to install.
www.deltacooling.com
Walk-in Oven
Grieve
No. 893 is an 850˚F, electrically heated walk-in oven used for heat
treating parts. Workspace dimensions measure 54 inches wide x
72 inches deep x 78 inches high. Eighty kilowatts are installed
in Incoloy-sheathed tubular elements to heat the oven chamber,
while a 6,000-CFM, 5-HP recirculating blower provides combination airflow to the workload.
load. The oven has 8-inch-thick insulated
walls comprised of 2 inches
ches of 1900˚F
block and 6 inches of 10 lb/cf density rockwool insulation.. Controls on
No. 893 include a digital
tal programming and recording temperature
emperature
controller, manual re-set excess temperature
e
controller with separate
e
contactors, recirculating
g
blower airflow safetyy
switch, SCR power con-troller and fused dis-connect switch.
www.grievecorp.com
The Aftermarket
Parts, Services & Consulting Resources
THE AFTERMARKET
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125
pparts
arts
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Contact Becky McClelland
Ph: 412-306-4355
Fax: 248-502-1076
Call TODAY!
YOUR GLOBAL SOURCE FOR QUALITY
HEAT TREAT FURNACE PARTS & SERVICE
Call: 248-624-8191
Fax: 248-668-9604
spareparts@afc-holcroft.com
OEM PARTS ★ SERVICE ★ REBUILDS ★ UPGRADES
Lone Star
Induction, Inc.
Hot Zone Rebuild & Upgrade
Vacuum Furnaces
Controlled Atmosphere Furnaces
Hydrogen Retort Furnaces
Specializing in Induction:
Heating – Forging – Melting
• Standard 3 to 4 week delivery
• Performing quality after market repairs
• Preventative maintenance
• 24 hour emergency service
525 Klug Circle, Corona, CA 92880-5452
Phone: 951-340-4646
Fax: 951-340-9090
Emaill: gmswami@aol.com or
sjhawar@gmenterprises.com
All of our repairs are performed on
site at our centrally located repair
facility in Texas. Lone Star Induction
offers over 30 years experience in the
heating and melting industry.
We Guarantee Our Work!
Lone Star Induction, Inc.
5610 SECR 2010, Corsicana, TX 75109
Phone: 866-403-5744
www.LoneStarInduction.com
sales@lonestarinduction.com
Quality Used Heat Treating Equipment
Installation and Start-Up Services
Appraisal Services
Visit www.heattreatequip.com
for current inventory
John L. Becker, II • Ph: 734-331-3939
Fax: 734-331-3915 • Cell: 734-516-2814
The Aftermarket
Parts, Services & Consulting Resources
Ipsen’s Aftermarket Support team offers the
most comprehensive vacuum furnace support:
Worldwide Service & Support
7HY[Z:LY]PJL<WNYHKLZ9L[YVÄ[Z
Training and more!
Aftermarket Support: 800-727-7625
Engineered Components: 815-332-2625
Used Heat Treating Furnaces and Ovens
Contact: Michael J. Kay
30925 Aurora Road • Solon, OH 44139
Ph: 440-519-3800 • Fax: 440-519-1455
Email: sales@whkay.com
Website: www.whkay.com
Customized PLC Programming and Support
Custom Programming – PLC – HMI
SCADA–Networks – Retrofit's
Data Acquisition
www.jaycoent.com • 567-386-4500
Contact: Jason Sroczynski
7365 Mermill Rd. • Wayne, Ohio 43466
Advertise
Online
With
Industrial
Heating
Hundreds of Heat Treat Programs in Operation
New/Rebuilt Furnaces – Vacuum Pumps
Leak Detection/Field Services
Muffle and Alloy Fabrication
Equipment Relocation • Replacement Parts
Phone: (909) 622-1091
Email: mangoldengineering@verizon.net • Website: www.mangoldengineering.com
PARK THERMAL
INTERNATIONAL (1996)
CORPORATION
New / Reconditioned Ovens
Furnaces - Quenching Oils –
Heat Treating Salts –
Component Parts – Stainless
Steel Foil – Refractory Products
62 Todd Road Georgetown ON L7G 4R7
Tel: (905) 877-5254
Toll Free: (877) 834-4328 (HEAT)
Fax: (905) 877-6205
Email: info@parkthermal.com
Web Site: www.parkthermal.com
Build your brand and stay
in front of prospective
customers by building on
traditional print advertising
with one of IH’s many
online options.
Visit
Industrialheating.com/
helpwanted
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Industrial Heating
Classified
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can help you
target qualified
job candidates!
VACUUM FURNACE REBUILDS
•
•
•
•
Hot Zones
Pumps
Leak Detection
Service
Vacuum Engineering Services Co.
P.O. Box 694, East Windsor, CT 06088
Phone 860-627-7015 • Fax: 860-627-9964
Website: www.vacuumengineering.com
Contact
Susan Heinauer
at 412-306-4352
Employment Marketplace
Print Rates: $125 per column inch for 1x frequency; $115 for 3x; $100 for 6x; $95 for 12x.
offers high-impact packages
so you can find the most
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Print ad PLUS online posting: Add $49.00
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WANTED
Manufacturer Sales Reps
Contact Becky McClelland
412-306-4355 or becky@industrialheating.com
today to place your Employment Ad
"In Print" and "online"
Immediate Online ad posting available!
Winnertechnology Co., Ltd is the number one
MoSi2 Heating element maker in Korea.
Markets served include Furnace Manufacturing,
Ceramics, ITO Targeting, MLCC, Glass,
Powder Metallurgy, etc.
We are currently looking for Sales
Representative in several territories throughout
North America and South America.
Sales reference record of the heat treating
industry is preferred.
If interested, please email your resume,
eric@winnertechnology.co.kr
“Nadcap and You…
Achieving Excellence Together.”
Stay active within the Aerospace industry and contribute to ongoing quality initiatives by working with
Nadcap and the Performance Review Institute!
What is Nadcap?
The Nadcap program represents an unprecedented, industry-managed effort to improve quality and reduce costs
throughout the aerospace and defense industries. The Nadcap approach to conformity assessment brings together
technical experts from both industry and government for purposes of promoting quality assurance and industry
standardization across the globe. For more information on Performance Review Institute (PRI) and the Nadcap
program please visit our website: www.pri-network.org/Nadcap
The Nadcap program and Performance Review Institute (PRI) rely heavily upon the expertise of individuals from
within the aerospace industry for purposes of visiting participating supplier sites and conducting Nadcap audits. A
Nadcap audit will typically involve the review of one or more special processes against an industry-approved audit
checklist. Beyond conducting the on-site supplier assessment, a Nadcap auditor is also responsible for:
✓ Pre-audit preparation
✓ Travel to/from supplier site (hotel, airfare, car rental, mileage, meals, etc., are reimbursable)
✓ Documentation of audit findings once audit has concluded
PRI is seeking Aerospace Experienced Heat Treating Auditors to work as independent contractors for the
Nadcap Program.
Typical heat treating auditor qualifications often include:
• Bachelor’s Degree in a technical field related to heat treating or 5 years heat treating and/or brazing experience.
• Familiarity with General and Aerospace quality systems
• Familiarity with Aerospace Specifications
• Desire to travel
• Strong interpersonal skills
Specific heat treating auditor criteria often include:
• Hands-on experience (preferably in the aerospace industry) with some of the following heat treating processes:
steels, aluminum, titanium, heat resisting alloys, brazing, carburizing and nitriding.
• Familiarity with AMS 2750
As an independent contract auditor, you will enjoy:
• A flexible schedule
• The ability to work from any location in the world
• Opportunity to participate in influential industry program
The Nadcap Program reaches worldwide and contracts with auditors in these special processes: Chemical
Processing, Coatings, Composites, Conventional Machining as a Special Process, Elastomer Seals, Electronics,
Fluid Distribution Systems, Heat Treating, Materials Testing, Non-Metallic Materials Testing and Manufacturing,
Nondestructive Testing, Nonconventional Machining, Sealants, Surface Enhancement and Welding.
Sales
Representative
Sales Representative needed
for Induction Coil Repair
Facility, to cover Texas
area. The ideal candidate
will have good technical
and working knowledge in
the Induction Heating and
Melting Industry. 8-10 Years
preferred and excellent
communication skills. Great
growth potential for self
motivated individual.
Email resume to
sales@lonestarinduction.com
See why Nadcap has been attracting & retaining some of the best partners in the industry! Apply on-line today, via
our application website, www.eAuditStaff.com
For more information on Performance Review Institute and the Nadcap Program please visit our website at www.
pri-network.org/Nadcap
Nadcap is administered by the Performance Review Institute, an equal opportunity organization.
Check out the latest Used Equipment Listings
on Facebook and Twitter – #IHUsedEquip
FOR SALE
Thermal Technology
Model CPF-4060 Ceramic Processing Furnace
FOR OVER 45 YEARS, specializing in
buying and selling used Heat Treating,
Heat Processing and Metal Finishing
Equipment worldwide.
• Fully automatic, unattended cofiring of metalized ceramic products consistently and
dependably
• Continuous operation up to 1750˚C in wet or dry hydrogen, inert gas, and any other
reducing atmosphere
• System is a coldwall, periodic furnace utilizing the bell-loading configuration
• A containment vessel (retort) encloses the 28” diameter by 36” high work zone, and gas
injection tubes allow for controlled atmosphere distribution throughout the work zone.
• A Condensation trapping system collects moisture and binder from exhaust gases
• System designed with thermal and structural consideration to insure optimum service life
and thermal consistency in the process
• The furnace is controlled by a workstation that provides the latest developments in
accurate reliability and convenience
• The precise power control to the hot zone and
design of the retort, gas injection tubes and
heater geometry, insure excellent temperature
uniformity and fast thermal response
File Photo and File Text
Model #CPF-4060-WM
Furnace Serial #F9606027
Power Supply Serial #C020-9606
Astro Job #1245-96
Heat Treat Furnaces (Batch & Continuous)
Heat Processing Ovens • Parts Washers
Shot Blast Cleaning/Peening & Vibratory
Finishing Machines • Dust Collectors
Please contact:
Vacuum Process Engineering
carls@vpei.com
916-925-6100
REPRINT PLAQUES are Now Available Contact
Becky McClelland at 412-306-4355 becky@industrialheating.com
“Featured Equipment”
• Metfin 6-Wheel, 36" Wide
Mesh-Belt Blast Machine
• 24" Dia. Rotary drum washer
• Wisconsin Oven 8' x 10' x
26'Long - Unused
• Induction equipment
• Surface Combustion 48"
Wide x 40'Long Mesh-Belt
Temper Furnace.
Enterprise Equipment Co., Inc.
6000 Caniff Ave.,Detroit, MI 48212
Ph: 313-366-6600 • Fax: 313-366-6603
Web: www.eecoinc.com
Email: mail@eecoinc.com
Bell Furnaces- Atmosphere
1500 Gallon Cryogenic Tank
Sunbeam, Model BS 5256 Bell Furnace
Serial #F-283-79 • Type BS 5256
Size: 52" diameter x 56" high
Max Temp. 2000 ˚F
Power 240/480 - 3 PH- 60 HZ (approx. 15 0 amps)
2 ea. Furnace Bells (good condition)
4 ea. Furnace Retorts (good condition)
4 ea. Furnace Bases (good condition)
4 ea. Furnace Baskets (new, unused)
2 ea. Control Cabinet (needs rebuilt)
2 Bell Furnaces 1 CL W, 1 Lavonia
4 Bases, 1 CL W, 3 Lavonia
4 Retort (inner cover) 2 CL W, 2 Lavonia
2 Control Cabinets 1 CL W, 1 Lavonia (need to be repaired)
4 Baskets (new) 4 Lavonia
1500 Gallon Cryogenic Tank
Mfd: Ryan Industries
Sub: of Cosmodyne
Max WP 250 PSIG e-320°F to + 100°F
Max Design Temp + 100°F at 250°F
Mfd 1968 W.O. 57404-2 #4036500
Nat Board #1387
Inner Vessel Stainless Steel
16 ft. High 78 inch Dia + Fins
Removed from service 2011 when
product moved to Jamaica and replaced
by vacuum furnace.
Located Clearwater, FL
Excellent cond
dititio
ion.
condition.
Furnaces purchased about 1978 from company near Birmingham, AI, who had been manufacturing land mines which USA
stopped using. Equipment in Georgia has never been installed
since purchased in Alabama. Equipment in Clearwater in use.
re
Call Now Befo
it's too Late!
Contact: David J. Johnson
4511 Alamance, Baytown, TX 77521
davidjoeljohnson@gmail.com
tel: 832-262-5392
EQUIPMENT
FOR SALE
http://twitter.com/IndHeat
www.industrialheating.com/FB-UsedEquip
FOR SALE
FOR SALE
New Design
SPARK IGNITER
FOR SALE
Used for the automatic ignition of
recuperative burner systems.
Abbott Furnace Company
Mesh Belt Brazing Furnaces
*Diff
erent
Leng
ths A
vailab
le
• 36"W x 4"H x 16'L Pre-Heat x 20'L
High Heat x 26'L Cooling – 2 Available
• H2/N2 Atmosphere
• 2150°F Max. Temperature
• 480V, 710 kW
• SiC Heating Elements, SiC Muffle
Contact: Jeffrey D. Hynes 248.343.1421 or sales@fobinc.com
NEW DESIGN
FURNACES OVENS & BATHS
• Improved
Performance
• Longer Life
• Larger Gap
• Floating Spark
• Direct Replacement
For a complete inventory listing with photos visit www.fobinc.com
EQUIPMENT FOR SALE
Call for model/
pricing information
FOR SALE
*We offer both designs
283 East Hellen Road • Palatine, IL 60067
Tel: 847.202.0000 • Fax: 847.202.0004
www.duffycompany.com
Surface Combustion
Gas-Fired Mesh Belt Furnace
1350°F, Working Size: 42”W x 40’L,
Complete with 3 fans and controls.
Quality Used Heat Treating Equipment For Sale
Despatch Quick Quench
(Drop Bottom) Furnace
Mfg. Date: 1989 (Boeing)
Load Size: 6 ft x 4 ft x 4 ft high;
Load Capacity: 2500 lbs.
Max Temp: 1200º F; Uniformity: ±5ºF
Heating System: Elec. Elements
Heat Input: 120kW, 60kW
Park Thermal Gas-Fired Tempering Furnace
36”W x 24”H x 72”L, 1250°F, 399,000 Btuh.
For more information, please call your sales representative at 1-877-834-4328 (HEAT).
Park Thermal International (1996) Corp.
62 Todd Road, Georgetown, Ontario L7G 4R7
Toll Free: 877-834-4328 • Fax: 905-877-6205
jmistry@parkthermal.com • Web: www.parkthermal.com
Quench/Rinse Tank
Tank Capacity: 3820 Gallons
Tank Size: 13”-0 X 6’-0” X 6’-8”
Transfer Car Speed: 10 FPM
November 2011
Wash or Rinse Tank
Capacity: 2328 Gallons
Tank Size: 8’-0” X 6’0” X 6’-8”
Hoist:
Rack load capacity 1500 lbs.
Total hoist rack & load 2500 lbs.
Quench Speed: Variable @ 7-20 seconds
Overall Dimensions: 28’-8” long X 16’-0”
Footprint: 68’-6” X 20’-0”
Controls: Honeywell VDC 700
Programmable Control
Motors 480/3Ø/60Hz
Controls: 120VAC/1Ø/60Hz
Air-90PSIG
Chilled Water – 50 GPM@45º
Specifications were taken with care, but are not certified.
No warranties or guarantees, written or implied.
Call: (734) 331-3939 for more information
Email: sales@heattreatequip.com
IHEA Profile
MTII P
MT
Profi
rofil
file
le
Metal Treating Institute
HALL OF INNOVATORS
Industrial Heating celebrates its 80th Anniversary with a dedication to the following innovators,
who have made significant contributions to the thermal-processing industry. They leave a legacy
through their experience, enthusiasm and unwavering commitment.
p.37
Landing Strong
p.43
Nadcap for HIP
ing p.47
Cleaner Steelmak
Nitrided
p.51
Microstructures
Wally Bamford P. Eng, FASM
Submitted by Can-Eng Furnaces
Wally Bamford founded Can-Eng Furnaces in 1964. Through his leadership,
he brought successful and innovative
thermal processing equipment to
the many industries Can-Eng serves,
including Fluidized Bed Furnaces,
High-efficiency Continuous Porcelain
Enameling Furnace Systems, Continuous Mesh Belt Furnace Systems and Basketless Aluminum
Heat Treating Systems. Wally Bamford was a Board Member
and the first International President of the Metal Treating Institute and a founding Board Member of the ASM Heat Treating Society.
Web Search Power Pages p.4
Materials Characterization &
Testing Buyers Guide p.70
Harold Ipsen
1916-1965
Submitted by Ipsen Inc.
In 1948, the Ipsen’s owned a pottery business. When their kiln furnace failed, Harold Ipsen decided
to build his own, incorporating his
experiences as a heat treater. From
this start, Harold founded Ipsen Industries to provide atmosphere and
vacuum equipment with features
and performance that have defined our industry. Harold Ipsen
held more than 30 patents, and the tradition of innovation he
started more than 60 years ago continues today.
William R. Keough
hht
IIt Riight
Do-It-Rig
DDo
Advisory p.56
A
Largest And
Publication The
Most Preferred
Industry Publication
Submitted by AFC-Holcroft
William R. Keough started Atmosphere Furnace Company (now AFCHolcroft) in 1962 along with CAPCO,
a commercial heat-treating shop specializing in the austempering process.
The two businesses expanded and
evolved, becoming AFC-Holcroft, Austemper Inc., Atmosphere Heat Treat
and the Applied Process Group. Keough obtained numerous
patents during his long professional career. He was honored
as an “Industry Legend” by the Metal Treating Institute and
received the Shoemaker Award from ASM’s Detroit Chapter.
Jack Beavers
1931-1983
Submitted by BeaverMatic, Inc.
Innovator and entrepreneur, Jack Beavers is most recognized for his design
of the exterior transfer system that is
easily accessible for maintenance and
provides precision transferring of loads
with a pull-push RAM mechanism. Utilizing his knowledge and experience
as a maintenance man, Beavers was given the opportunity to
design and build the transfer system he envisioned. This exterior transfer system consists of rams, hooks and tails, which
have been closely associated with Beavers and his successful
BeaverMatic internal-quench furnace design.
William R. Jones
Submitted by the Solar Group of Companies
William R. Jones has over 45 years of experience in the fields of vacuum furnace
design and vacuum processing. He has
written many technical publications on
vacuum technology and holds 15 patents
on various aspects of furnace designs.
He served as president of Abar Corp. in
the early 1970s, and in 1978 he founded
Vacuum Furnace Systems (VFS). In 1982, he founded Solar Atmospheres, which has grown to be the largest privately owned commercial heat-treating group in the U.S. In 2002, he added Solar
Manufacturing to the group to provide advanced vacuum furnace
designs and equipment for the heat-treating industry.
Stan Matys
1929-2011
Submitted by
I Squared R Element Co.
Stan Matys, an MIT graduate with a
degree in engineering, was a genius,
an innovator, an entrepreneur
and the co-founder of I Squared R
Element Co. Matys invented the SiC
hot surface igniter and the SiC spiral
element process that is used to produce the best heating
element in the world. He developed the process in 1961, and
it is still used today in manufacturing industries in the U.S.,
China, Japan and Scotland.
Industrial Heating
P
John C. “Charlie” McMullen
Henry M. Rowan
Submitted by Inductotherm
Group
Henry M. Rowan is founder and
chairman of Inductotherm Group,
the world’s largest designer and
manufacturer of systems for the
thermal-processing industry, including induction melting, heattreating, vacuum melting and welding equipment. Rowan built Inductotherm’s first melting furnace in his backyard in 1953. From
that modest beginning, Inductotherm, and now Rowan
Technologies, has become a global industrial corporation
with companies and customers around the world.
Reprinted from Industrial
Reprinted from Industrial Heating April 2011
PMI Reprint.indd
10/26/11 3:37 PM
Heating December
heating systems can
and fires in industrial
x
xplosions
and loss
of life, loss of property
the
rresult in injury, loss
the required use of
oof production. Understanding governing the compliStandards
American National
A
is essential for
furnaces and ovens
and operation of
E
1
ant design
with this type of equipment.
everyone involved
for Industrial Furnaces
& Codes Seminar
and
The Safety Standards
of NFPA 86: Ovens
a complete review
involved in the
and Ovens provides
is designed for individuals
Furnaces. This seminar
furnaces and ovens.
or operation of industrial
design, manufacture
is intended to provide
two days, the seminar
apply to
Over the course of
Standards as they
the NFPA 86 Safety
understanding of
systems used for processing
ovens and heating
industrial furnaces,
New Checklist for Nadcap Audits
Joanna Leigh – PRI; London, UNITED KINGDOM
The aerospace industry never stands still when it comes to finding ways it can
improve on its systems and operations. The Nadcap accreditation program is no
different.
I
n June 2011, the Nadcap Management Committee (NMC) balloted
for the creation of a new Heat Treating audit checklist. AC7102/6 has
been in the works for the past two years
and was approved this year in June as a
new checklist for Hot Isostatic Pressure
(HIP). It is expected to be fully implemented by the end of 2011.
The reason for developing this new
checklist revolves around casting of metal
parts for engines. Whenever a part is cast,
the metal poured into the mold will cool,
leaving small air pockets within it. In many
cases this will not be problematic. Given
the conditions of flight, such as the high
velocity of these planes or the extreme
temperatures they endure, however, a high
level of scrutiny and standards of quality
must be applied. These small air pockets
can affect the structure of the part, which
means that a part designed for 10,000
hours of usage may only endure around
8,000 hours.
The HIP process is designed to remove
these air pockets by putting the still-molten casting in an autoclave, where it is
subjected to very high pressure and temperature to evacuate the air pockets from
the metal. These air pockets are squeezed
out to create a more homogenous metal
that will in turn give the casting a much
stronger structure. Theoretically, this process can be performed on any metal castings. However, in the majority of cases it is
done for nickel-based alloys built as engine
parts, such as the blades in an engine.
Only a relatively small section of the
global aerospace supplier base provides
parts in this manner. In fact, this almostniche heat-treating checklist will affect
only approximately 1% of aerospace
suppliers. So, why is PRI developing it?
PRI is the not-for-profit trade association
that administers the Nadcap program.
As Nadcap is industry-managed, PRI is
a very customer-focused organization.
This new checklist was requested by the
Nadcap subscribers with a goal of reducing
the number of redundant audits. Often
a supplier may have the same activity
audited several times a year. This makes
the overall cost excessively high without
adding value. It creates cost in manpower,
as suppliers must commit staff to the audit
process, which means pulling them away
from their day-to-day work. It also adds
cost for the aerospace prime contractors
who must pay for their own auditors
to perform the audit. As a result, the
industry representatives on the Nadcap
Heat Treating Task Group decided that
they wanted this special-process activity
to be covered by the Nadcap audit process,
thus saving both the Nadcap-subscribing
primes and the suppliers time and money
as well as standardizing the level of quality
required by the industry.
Joe Pinto, PRI vice president and COO,
explained, “Nadcap exists to support the
aerospace industry to achieve excellence
in special process and product quality. I am
pleased to see the Nadcap Heat Treating
Task Group members furthering their
commitment to quality and efficiency by
It’s standing room
Seminar.
only at IHEA’s Safety
Standards and Codes
and
offers the education
materials and products.
of NFPA 86, there
& Codes Seminar
Safety Standards
released 2011 version
and knowledgeable,
With the recently
that is a must for
keep employees current
training needed to
included in this seminar
is new information
cost savings.
safety. New informadewhich leads to overall
knowledge in the
about industrial heating
those concerned
have firsthand working
on the
Seminar speakers
by either serving
Practice for
tion includes:
NFPA 86 Standards,
or by being
velopment of the
NFPA 87-2011 – Recommended
on Ovens and Furnaces
• Introduction to
NFPA Technical Committee
changes.
Fluid Heaters
in the review of standard
(Purging) and Charging
involved with IHEA
• Gas Line Evacuation
Conference Recap
seminar. I feel that
historiattendee, “It’s a great
IHEA Fall Business
Sept. 28-29 at the
enAccording to a past
maintenance and
Conference was held
The Fall Business
Pa. Opening night
with furnaces (operator,
anybody that works
Penn hotel in Pittsburgh,
IHEA
cal Omni William
this class.”
“The Princess” brought
standards
gineer) should take
the
ultimately raises the
Gateway Clipper vessel
along
the
education
aboard
networking
and
Investing in employee
Educating employees
for a dinner cruise
in committee
members together
products being produced.
before getting to business
and quality of the
the equipment and
three rivers of Pittsburgh
associated with operating
also decreases risks
sessions.
in the industry. IHEA’s
insight
meetings and general
production plants
lively discussion and
provoked
systems used in many
This year’s presentations
included the everjudicious topics. Highlights
how it afregarding a range of
in Washington and
what’s happening
on
popular update on
by IHEA utility members
and a presentation
fects the industry
to the regular IHEA
relationships. In addition
building business
and TC244 committee
the IRED committee
of incommittee meetings,
there was a wealth
the week. As usual,
held sessions during
evaluations proved
Attendee
discuss.
to
formation for all members
successful meeting.
this to be another
Not an IHEA member?
Joe Pinto
IndustrialHeating.com - November 2011 43
2011
at September’s
the kickoff event
IHEA members enjoy
in Pittsburgh, Pa.
Gateway Clipper
Conference on the
Fall Business
and find
educational offering
Attend any IHEA
The money
to be a member.
and
out why you need
and educating yourself
in the
you invest in training returned to you and your company
will be
your employees
and services!
quality of your products more information.
for
Visit www.ihea.org
- IndustrialHeating.com
24 November 2011
22
HT-New Checklist-PRI.indd
H
hecklist-PRI.indd 43
11x17 Hall of Innovators.indd
11x17
ovators.indd 66
Cover No Label.indd
| 859-356-1575 | www.ihea.org
l Seminar
Safety First at Annua
Quality Heat Treating
acific Metallurgical
is their name – serving
the heattreating needs of the
thermal-processing
aerospace industry
equipment (over
is their game.
25 furnaces on-site)
Located in a region
technologies, including
and
known as a strategic
gas carburizing, gas
for the aerospace
hub
nitriding, annealing,
stress relieving, press
industry, this Kent,
quenching, flame
company has been
Wash.-based
hardening and precision
providing
straightening. Their
laboratory facility
1979. Pacific Metallurgical vacuum heat-treating services since
boasts technologies
as sample preparation,
was actually founded
such
micro-hardness testing,
wasn’t until Doug
in 1967, but it
Allan purchased
and failure analysis.
photomicrography
the company in
1970s that it started
the midto focus primarily
Pacific Metallurgical,
on the aerospace industry.
In 1979, Mr. Allan
which obtained its
Nadcap accreditation
acquired his first
in 2003, prides itself
vacuum furnace,
on quality assurance
rest, as they say, is
and the
and customer service.
history. In fact, Pacifi
Pyrometric surveys
c Metallurgical was
are conducted regularly
first commercial heat-treat
the
on all equipment
guarantee reliability
single-source supplier
to
and accuracy. They
Northwest to offer
in the Pacific
also supply and demonvacuum atmosphere
strate statistic and
processing.
process capability
Pacific Metallurgical,
for metal-product
istics of hardness,
which also serves
charactertensile strength and
commercial and hightech markets, specializes
case depth. As for
service, Pacific Metallurgical’s
in the thermal processing
customer
components made
facilities operate 24
of metal
of steel alloys, heat-resisting
days a week in an
hours a day, five
effort to meet delivery
titanium. They offer
super alloys and
schedules and provide
complete vacuum
complete
customer
heat treating and
satisfaction.
processing of components
vertical
Now under the leadership
up to 6 feet long.
Pacific Metallurgical
is approved to perform
of Derek Fallen, Dave
heat-treating services
Fallen’s son,
has a management
companies: Bell Helicopter,
for the following
team with more than
years of combined
Boeing, Bombardier,
300
experience in the
Wright, Goodrich,
Cessna, Curtiss
heat-treating industry.
Gulfstream, Lockheed,
Northrop-Grumman
and Siemens.
For more information:
PacMet
925 5th Ave. South,
saw continuous growth
Kent, WA 98032;
phone: 253-854-4241;
‘80s and ‘90s with
throughout the
the help of Dave
fax:
Fallen, Mr. Allan’s
web: www.pacmet.com. 253-854-4475;
law. An engineer
son-inby trade, Dave Fallen
took over the company
1990 and was able
in
to help customers
at the manufacturing
offering advice on
level by
material selection
and manufacturing
bringing yet another
sequences,
dimension to Pacifi
c Metallurgical’s services.
The growth the
company has experienced
years has helped Pacifi
over
c Metallurgical continually the past 20
invest in new
Submitted by Unifrax I LLC
Charlie McMullen was a research
scientist for The Carborundum
Company Fibers Division, which
later became Unifrax. In 1942, he
invented a revolutionary ceramic
fiber that was trademarked under
the Fiberfrax® name. Today,
McMullen’s spirit of innovation
continues at Unifrax, where Fiberfrax ceramic-fiber
products are manufactured in over 50 product forms that
provide a wide variety of high-temperature solutions for
industries throughout the global market.
Equipment Association
| 904-249-0448 | www.HeatTreat.ne
t
Pacific Metallurgica
l Inc.
Charles (Chuck) Taylor McClelland
1924-2005
Submitted by Industrial Heating
Chuck McClelland was past owner,
editor and publisher of Industrial
Heating. After serving in World War II,
he earned a journalism degree from
Penn State University. McClelland
worked for Loftus Engineering
and Research Cottrell prior to taking over as editor and
publisher of Industrial Heating in 1972. He focused on
establishing relationships with heat treaters and equipment
manufacturers and strived to provide readers with the most
up-to-date information. Perhaps his greatest accomplishment
was making the magazine a truly international publication by
traveling extensively to trade shows around the world and
translating Industrial Heating into Chinese. Known for his
thought-provoking and humorous editorials, McClelland’s
last issue was September 1988.
10/20/11 1:40 PM
1/5/12 2:05 PM
1/13/12 9:47 AM
IHEA Profile.indd
24
Industrial Heating REPRINTS
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10/24/11 2:19 PM
FOR SALE
Since 1936
––––– ATMOSPHERE GENERATORS –––––
750CFH
Endothermic DOW
Elec
1000CFH
Ammonia Dissoc. Lindberg
Elec
1000CFH
Ammonia Dissoc. Drever
Elec
1000CFH
Exothermic Gas Atmos.
Gas
1500CFH
Endothermic Ipsen
Elec
3000CFH
Endothermic Lindberg (3)
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3600CFH
Endothermic Surface (2)
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Gas
6000CFH
Gas Atmos. Nitrogen Generator
Gas
10.000CFH Exothermic Seco/Warwick
Gas
–––––––––– BOX FURNACES ––––––––––
8" × 18" × 6"
Blue-M
Elec 2000˚F
12" × 24" × 8" Lucifer Up/Down (Muffle) Elec 2100˚F
12" × 24" × 8" Hayes (Atm)
Elec 1800˚F
13" × 24" × 12" Electra Up/Down
Elec 2000˚F
15" × 30" × 12" Lindberg
Elec 2000˚F
17"×14.5"×12" L&L (New)
Elec 2350˚F
22" x 36" x 17" Lindberg (Retort)
Elec. 2050F
24" x 36" x 18" ThermoLyne (2)
Elec 2000˚F
36" x 48" x 24" Sunbeam
Elec 2000˚F
36" × 72 "× 42" Eisenmann "Car" Kiln
Gas 3100˚F
60" × 48 "× 48" Recco
Gas 1800˚F
60" × 96 "× 60" Park Thermal (Fan)
Elec 1850˚F
60"× 42"× 42" Lindberg
Gas 2000˚F
126"×420"×72" Drever "Lift-Off" (2)
Gas 1450˚F
–––––––––– PIT FURNACES ––––––––––
16" Dia × 20"D Lindberg
Elec 1250˚F
14" Dia × 60"D Procedyne Fluid Bed
Elec 1850˚F
22" Dia × 26"D L&N
Elec 1400˚F
36" Dia x 48"
Lindberg
Elec 1400˚F
28" Dia x 48"
Lindberg
Elec 1400˚F
40" Dia × 60"D L&N (steam) (2)
Elec 1200˚F
48" Dia × 48"D Lindberg (Atmosphere) Elec 1850˚F
––––––––– VACUUM FURNACES –––––––––
48" × 60"
Ipsen Bottom Load
Elec 2400˚F
–––– INTEGRAL QUENCH FURNACES ––––
8" × 18" × 8"
Ipsen
Gas 1850˚F
24" × 36" × 18"
Ipsen T-4 (4)
Gas 1850˚F
24" × 36" × 18"
Dow (Line)
Elec 1850˚F
24" × 36" × 18"
Surface (2)
Gas 1750˚F
30" × 48" × 30"
Surface
Elec 1750˚F
30" × 48" × 30"
Surface
Gas 1850˚F
––––––– BELT FURNACES/OVENS –––––––
5" × 36" × 2" BTU(Inert)
Elec 1922˚F
12" × 4' × 2" Lindberg
Elec 1022˚F
12" × 15' × 4" Sgt. & Wilbur (1994) Muffle
Gas 2100˚F
16" × 24' × 4" Abbott (Atmos.) Muffle
Elec 2400˚F
24" x 12' x 6" Heat Ind.
Elec 750˚F
24" × 40' × 18" Despatch
Elec 500˚F
24" × 40' × 18" Despatch
Gas 650F
60" × 45' × 12" W-House Roller Hearth
Gas 1700˚F
72" × 30' × 15" Unitherm
Gas 500˚F
–––––––––– MISCELLANEOUS –––––––––
24” × 36” × 18” DOW Washer (D&S)
Elec
30” × 48”
Lindberg Charge Car (double-ended)
4000#
Accurate — Skip Hoist (NEW)
Thermonics/Lepel Induction - 50kw/450KHz
24" × 36" × 24"
Salt Quench Tanks (2)
Elec 600˚F
36" × 48"
Surface Roller Tables
Wilson Hardness Testers (RC)
132" Diam. x 66" High Rad Con (Bell)
Gas 1600˚F
15" x 53' x15"
Lindberg Shuttle Kiln
Gas 3100˚F
––––––– OVENS/BOX TEMPERING ––––––
8" × 18" × 8"
Lucifer
Elec 1250˚F
12" × 18" × 12"
Lucifer
Elec 1250˚F
12" × 16" × 18"
Lindberg (3)
Elec 1250˚F
12" × 24" × 12"
Lucifer
Elec 1250˚F
14" × 14" × 14"
Gruenberg (solvent) Elec 450˚F
15" × 24" × 12"
Sunbeam (N2)
Elec 1200˚F
18" × 36" × 18"
Lucifer
Elec 1250˚F
20" × 18" × 20"
Blue-M
Elec 400˚F
20" × 18" × 20"
Blue-M
Elec 650˚F
20" × 18" × 20"
Blue-M (2)
Elec 800˚F
24" × 24" × 24"
Grieve
Elec 1000˚F
24" × 26" × 24"
Grieve
Gas 500˚F
24" × 24" × 36"
New England
Elec 800˚F
24" × 24" × 48"
Blue-M (2)
Elec 600˚F
Elec 500˚F
24" × 36" × 24"
Demtec (N2)
24" × 36" × 24"
Wisconsin (3)
Elec 800˚F
24" × 36" × 24"
Paulo
Gas 1250˚F
25" × 20" × 20"
Blue-M
Elec 650˚F
26" × 26" × 38"
Grieve (2)
Elec 850˚F
30" × 30" × 30"
Hevi Duty
Elec 1500˚F
30" × 48" × 22"
DOW
Elec 1250˚F
30" × 48" × 30"
Pacific (PKM 100)
Gas 1450˚F
30" × 38" × 48"
Gruenberg (Inert)
Elec 450˚F
36" × 36" × 48"
Blue M
Elec 600˚F
36" × 36" × 60"
Despatch
Elec 450˚F
37" × 25" × 50"
Despatch
Elec 500˚F
36" × 48" × 36"
Grieve
Elec 350˚F
36" × 60" × 36"
CEC (2)
Elec 650˚F
37" × 25" × 37"
Despatch
Elec 850˚F
36" × 36" × 120" Steelman
Elec 450˚F
38" × 21" × 25"
Blue-M
Elec 1300˚F
38" × 26" × 38"
Grieve
Elec 1000˚F
38" × 26" × 38"
Grieve
Elec 1250˚F
48" × 24" × 48"
Blue-M
Elec 600˚F
48" × 30" × 42"
Despatch
Gas 850˚F
48" × 48" × 60"
Gasmac Burn-off (2) Gas 850˚F
48" × 48" × 72"
Lydon Bros.
Elec 450˚F
48" × 48" × 72"
Despatch (2)
Elec 500˚F
54" × 108" × 72" Despatch
Elec 500˚F
60" × 60" × 72"
Ace Burnoff
Gas 800˚F
72" × 72" × 72"
Mich. Oven
Gas 500˚F
72" × 120" × 72" J. Miller
Gas 500˚F
84" × 72" × 72"
Grieve (Stainless)
Gas 500˚F
120" × 168" × 120" Wisconsin
Gas 500˚F
FOR SALE
FOR SALE
Rad Con Bell Annealing Furnace
132" Diameter x 66"H, 60 Ton
Load Capacity, 1600˚F, Gas Fired,
N2 Atmosphere, 3 Bases,
3 Retorts, 1 Furnace
Furnaces, Ovens and Baths
4790 White Lake Road
Clarkston, MI. 48346
248.343.1421 - Cell
E-Mail: sales@fobinc.com
Website: www.fobinc.com
R AM
E
C
E
L
STPA. B ALANT
TE
AM
GH C
FOR SALE
E
& SMoist
E
V
I
S
Creamy Putty
ADHE
Just Apply and Let Dry
HI
Bonds Most Materials
Resists Chemicals, Electricity,
Molten Metals and Abrasion
2300 F
O
FREE MATERIALS HANDBOOK
COTRONICS CORP.
www.cotronics.com - sales@cotronics.com
718-788-5533
IC
FOR SALE
FOR SALE
VACUUM PUMPS
FOR SALE
SALES AND SERVICE
CASHVAC INC.
•
•
•
•
•
25 years experience
Guaranteed rebuilding
Warrantied service
OEM replacement parts
New and used pump sales
All makes and models
• FREE ESTIMATES
AND DELIVERY
Factory Trained
Stokes Pumps/Blowers
TOLL FREE: 1-800-397-1600
Specializing in Stokes Vacuum Pumps
FOR SALE
Large Box Furnace
• ID: 60" W x 96" D x 60" H
• Electric – 480/3/60; 150kW
• Top Mounted Alloy Circulating Fan
• 1850˚F Operation w/Fan
• 2200˚F without Fan
• SCR Digital Controls
Cleveland, OH
Ph: 440-519-3800
Email: sales@whkay.com
FOR SALE
• (2) Surface Combustion 2400 CFH Endothermic Generators
• (1) Surface Combustion 3600 CFH Endothermic Generator
• (3) Surface Combustion 5600 CFH Endothermic Generators
• Surface Combustion Gas Fired Super Allcase Integral Quench
Furnace 30” x 48” x 30”, 1750˚F, with SBS chiller.
• Surface Combustion Gas-Fired Integral Quench Furnace,
30” W x 48” L x 30”H, 1750°F
• Surface Combustion Gas-Fired Tempering Furnace,
30”W x 48”L x 30”H; 1250°F; Complete w/forced
Air Cool and Nitrogen
• Electric Spray Dunk Washer
30” x 48” x 30”, 180˚F with controls.
Toll Free: 877-834-4328 • Fax: 905-877-6205
FOR SALE
• Lindberg Rotary Hearth Furnace, 96” Diameter Hearth, 24”W x 20”H Door Opening,
1850°F, Electric, Atmosphere – 2 Available
• 36"W Abbott Furnace Mesh Belt Brazing Furnaces, 2150°F, 2 Available
• 10'W x 10'H x 14'L Gas Fired Batch Oven, 500°F
• 10'W x 8'8"H x 10'L Gas Fired Batch Oven, 500°F, Double Doors Both Ends
• Wheelabrator 13 Cubic Feet Rubber Belt Tumblast w/Loader & Unloader
• 30" Diameter x 48"L, T-M Vacuum Oven, 1112°F, LIKE NEW
• SBS Air to Oil Heat Exchangers, Dual Fans, 460V - 4 Available
• Webber Deepfreeze, -120-F, Stainless Steel Interior, 42"W x 46"H x 55"L
• 38" Diameter x 36" Deep, Lindberg Pit Temper, 1400°F, Gas Fired
• 950 Pound/Hour Rotary Retort Furnace Line, Electrically Heated, NEW RETORT, NEW CONTROLS
• 3600 CFH Endo Generator, Surface Combustion, Gas Fired, Air Cooled - 3 AVAIL
• Leybold UL100 Helium Leak Detectors - 3 Available
• 6 Cubic Feet Pangborn Rubber Belt Tumblast w/Loader & Dust Collector
• Shot Peening Equipment – 5 Complete Systems IN STOCK
• 44”W x 12”H x 20’L Heat, Belt Furnace, Gas Fired, 1250°F
• 2500 CFH AFC/Holcroft Endo Gas Generator, Air Cooled
• 28" Diameter x 72" Deep, Lindberg, 2000-F, Carburizer, Electric.
• Box Furnaces – All Sizes (30) In Stock
• Conveyor Ovens – All sizes (16) In Stock
• 72"W x 6"H x 24' , Holcroft, Atmosphere, 1600˚F, Mesh Belt
• Induction Heating, 7.5 kW to 750 kW, 1 kHz to 450 kHz, 21 In Stock
• 59”W x 67”H x 50”L, Despatch, 1000°F, Atmosphere w/Forced Cooling, 2 Available
• 8 Cubic Feet Jet Wheel Blast Multi Tumble Shot Blast Machines w/Loader, 2 Available
• 132" Diameter x 66"H Bell Furnace, 1600°F, Gas, Atmosphere
• 38" Dia. x 84" Deep, Lindberg Pit Furnace, 1250-F, Elec., Atmos/Cool.
• Rotary Drum Washers, Stainless Steel - 2 In Stock
• Drever Lift-Off Furnaces, 10'W x 6'H x 35'L, Gas, 1450°F, Atmos.
• Walk-In Ovens - All Sizes (19) In Stock
• Cabinet Ovens - All Sizes (15) In Stock
Contact: Jeffrey D. Hynes 248.343.1421 or sales@fobinc.com
FURNACES OVENS & BATHS
For a complete inventory listing with photos visit www.fobinc.com
EQUIPMENT FOR SALE
FOR SALE
EQUIPMENT FOR SALE
Hot Zone Rebuild & Upgrade
Vacuum Furnaces
Controlled Atmosphere Furnaces
Hydrogen Retort Furnaces
Wisconsin Oven – Unused
Dimensions: 8’ x 10’ x 26’ Long
Contact: Enterprise Equipment, Inc.
Phone: 313-366-6600 • Fax: 313-366-6603
Web: www.eecoinc.com; Email: mail@eecoinc.com
TRAINING
525 Klug Circle
Corona, CA 92880-5452
Phone: (951) 340-4646
Email: gmswami@aol.com or
sjhawar@gmenterprises.com
Visit the Industrial
Heating Group
on
for Up-to-Date
Job Postings
FOR SALE
42056 Michigan Avenue. Canton, MI 48188
Phone: 734-331-3939 • Fax: 734-331-3915
E-mail: john@heattreatequip.com
Box Furnaces
#R-5131 - J.L. Becker Slot Forge Furnace, 1986, Brand
New, Never Used
#U-3027 - L & L Special Furnace Electrically Heated Box
Furnace, 1991
#U-3393 - J. L. Becker Box Temper Furnace, 1989
#U-3406 - Sunbeam Electric Box Furnace, good running
condition
#V-3464 #V-#V-3464 - Surface 30-48-30 Electric Temper
Furnace, good/very good condition
#V-3478 - Atmosphere Furnace Co. 36-48-30 Electric
Temper Furnace, good/very good condition
#V-3479 - Atmosphere Furnace Co. 36-48-30 Electric
#V-3480 - Atmosphere Furnace Co. 36-48-30 Gas-Fired
#V-3521 - Surface Combustion 30-48-30 Gas-Fired
#V-3522 - Surface 30-48-30 Gas-Fired Temper Furnace,
good/very good condition
Car Bottom Furnaces
#U-3447 - Holcroft 48-144-48 Car Bottom Furnace
#U-3451 - Sauder 48-144-48 Car Bottom Furnace, 1984
Continuous Annealing Furnaces
#V-3397 - Wellman Continuous Mesh Belt Annealing
Furnace
#V-3400 - Aichelin-Stahl Continuous Roller Hearth Furnace
& Conveying System, 1996
#V-3469 - Park Thermal Continuous Mesh Belt Furnace,
2005, Excellent Condition – New – Never been used
Continuous HQT Furnaces
#U-3411 - Tokyo Gasden Ro Continuous Mesh Belt
HQWT Furnace Line, 1989
Continuous Tempering Furnaces
#U-3081 - Surface Combustion Mesh Belt Temper Furnace
#U-3430 - J. L. Becker Conveyor-Type Temper Furnace with
Ambient Air Cool Continuous Belt, 1997 IQ Furnaces
#U-3368 - Surface Combustion 30-48-30 Pro-Electric IQ
Furnace
#V-3476 - AFC 36-48-30 IQ Furnace with Top Cool
#V-3477 - AFC 36-48-30 IQ Furnace
#V-3498 - Surface Combustion 30-48-30 IQ with Top Cool,
Excellent Condition, 2000
#V-3520 - Surface Combustion 30-48-30 IQ Furnace,
Excellent Condition
Mesh Belt Brazing Furnaces
#U-3310 - Lindberg Continuous Mesh Belt Brazing Furnace
#U-3427 - J.L. Becker 26” Mesh Belt Brazing Annealing
Furnace, 2007
#V-3493 - 10” J. L. Becker Mesh Belt Furnace with Muffle, 1988
#V-3497 - 24” J.L. Becker Mesh Belt Furnace
Pit Furnaces
#U-3089 - Lindberg 28” x 28” Pit-Type Temper Furnace
Vacuum Furnaces
#U-3360 - Brew/Thermal Technology Vacuum Furnace
#V-3475 - Abar Ipsen 2-Bar Vacuum Furnace, 1986, good
condition
Charge Cars
#V-3463 - Surface Combustion 30-48 Charge Car (Double
Ended), fairly good condition
#V-3485 - Atmosphere Furnace Company 36-48 Charge
Car, (Double Ended)
#V-3524 - Surface Combustion 30-48 Charge Car (DoubleEnded)
Endothermic Gas Generators
#U-3467 - Lindberg 1500 CFH Endothermic Gas Generator,
1992, good condition
#U-3468 - Lindberg 1500 CFH Endothermic Gas Generator,
1996, excellent condition
#V-3496 - Surface Combustion 5600 CFH Endo. Gas Generator
Exothermic Gas Generators
#U-3452 - J. L. Becker 12,000 CFH Exothermic Gas
Generator w/ Dryer, 2003
#V-3398 - Thermal Transfer 30,000 CFH Exothermic Gas
Generator, 1994, excellent condition
Freezers
#V-3483 - Webber 36-48-36 Chamber Freezer, 1980
#V-3484 - Cincinnati Sub Zero 36-48-36 Chamber Freezer,
1995
Parts Washers
#U-3364 - J.L. Becker Gas-Fired Tub Washer
#U-3441 - 48-72-48 Gas-Fired Spray Washer
#U-3461 - Dow Furnace Co. 30-48-30 Electrically Heated
Spray, Dunk & Agitate Washer
#V-3481 - Atmosphere Furnace Co. 36-48-30 Spray/Dunk
Washer
#V-3482 - Atmosphere Furnace Co. 36-48-30 Spray/Dunk
Washer
#V-3495 - Surface Combustion 30-48-30 Electrically
Heated Spray/Dunk Washer
#V-3523 - Surface Combustion 30-48-30 Electrically
Heated Washer
Miscellaneous Equipment
#V-3487, #V-3488, #V-3489 - Atmosphere Furnace Co.
36-48 Stationary Holding Stations, 1987, 36”W x 48”L
work area
#V-3491, #V-3492 - Atmosphere Furnace Co. 36-48 Scissors
Lift Holding Stations, 1987, 36”W x 48”L work area
#V-3525A, #V-3525B, #V-3525C - Surface Combustion
30-96 Stationary Load Tables, 96-inch rail lenth, 15-inch
rail centers
#V-3526 Surface Combustion - 30-48 Scissors Lift Table,
48-inch rail length,
For Miscellaneous Parts Inventory
and Complete Equipment Listings
visit www.heattreatequip.com
FOR SALE
FOR SALE
Vacuum Furnace For Sale
Abar Ipsen Bottom Load
Vacuum Furnace
48” Diameter x 60”H
2400°F
Diffusion Pump
Updated Controls
Furnaces, Ovens & Baths, Inc.
4790 White Lake Road,
Clarkston, MI. 48346
Ph: 248.343.1421 • Fax: 248.625.4030
Email: sales@fobinc.com
FOR $25.00 WE WILL POST AND
LINK YOUR AD ONLINE
Visit industrial heating online at
EQUIPMENT FOR SALE
Mowry Enterprises, Inc.
New
Used
Rebuilt
Solutions
For Sale
VFS 6 BAR, 36 x 36 x 48: graphite hot zone,
high vacuum, internal quench, 2650 F, PLC/
touch screen controls
Ipsen 224, 15” x 10” x 24” , 2002 control
panel, rebuilt pump, graphite elements, mech
pump/ diffusion pump
VACUUM OIL QUENCH CARBURIZER:
C.I. Hayes: 24” x 24” x 24”, Still installed, 2
chamber with isolated oil quench, complete
with water recirc system and alloy grids.
Heat Chamber is 24 24 36. Quench chamber
can be modified for this larger load.
VFS HL 36: 2500 F, 24” x24” x38” graphite
hot zone, High vacuum, PLC/ touch screen
controls, Pressure Quench
VFS HL 50: 36” x 30” x 48”, graphite hot
zone, high vacuum, 1200 CFM external
quench, 2650 F
www.luciferfurnaces.com
Call 800-378-0095
800 378 0095
FOR SALE
FOR SALE
Despatch Electric Quick Quench System
Drop Bottom Style, Working Size: 6' x 4' x 4' High
Rated 2500 LBS Gross
Max Temp - 1200 Deg F +/- 5 Deg F, 120 kw/60 kw
Companion Equipment includes Quench/Rinse tank,
Transfer Car, Wash or Rinse Tank, Hoist, and Control Panel.
AFC Mesh Belt Austemper Furnace System
750 Lbs/Hr, 1700˚F, 30"W x 6"H x 120" long includes loader,
furnace, salt tank, wash, exit conveyor & control panel.
Can-Eng Gas-Fired Carbottom Furnace
1,500,000 Btuh; 12,000 lb. capacity;
Working size: 70” W x 144” L x 72” H; Complete with Controls.
Miscellaneous Equipment
50 Hardness Testers/10 Buehler Cut Off Saws
Polishers, Mounting Presses.
2 BAR: 10” x 10” x 20” hot zone, Graphite.
Mech pump and blower, built in 1999.
TM 12 x 12 x 20: graphite hot zone, high
vacuum, internal quench, 5 psig positive
quench
Toll Free: 877-834-4328 • Fax: 905-877-6205
ABAR 48 x 48 bottom load: graphite hot
zone, high vacuum, external quench, PLC/
touch screen controls
www.mowryenterprises.com
email: grm@mowryenterprises.com
Phone: 978-808-8634 Fax: 508-845-4769
Visit the Industrial Heating Group on
for Up-to-Date Job Postings
Advertiser Website Index
Page (Tech Spotlight)
COMPANY NAME
PHONE
248-624-8191
WEBSITE ADDRESS
37 (36)
AFC-Holcroft
7
Ajax TOCCO Magnethermic Corp.
800-547-1527
www.ajaxtocco.com
(38)
ALD-Holcroft
248-668-4130
www.ald-holcroft.com
39 (39)
810-357-0682
www.aldtt.net
40 (40)
800-299-6408
www.atspa.com
40, 49
ASM International
800-336-5152
www.asminternational.org
11
BeaverMatic, Inc.
815-963-0005
www.beavermatic.com
43 (42)
Can-Eng Furnaces International Ltd.
905-356-1327
www.can-eng.com
9
Castalloy Inc.
262-547-0070
www.castalloycorp.com
45 (44)
CEIA USA Ltd.
888-532-CEIA
www.ceia-usa.com
19
China Heat Treat Forum
41 (41)
CLEMEX Technologies Inc.
450-651-6573
www.clemex.com
47 (46)
Custom Electric Manufacturing Co.
48 (48)
Dalton Electric Heating Co. Inc.
50 (50)
15
Dry Coolers Inc.
53 (52)
G-M Enterprises
951-340-4646
www.gmenterprises.com
50 (50)
Graphite Metallizing Corp.
914-968-8400
www.graphalloy.com/IH
51 (51)
Grieve Corp.
847-546-8225
www.grievecorp.com
51 (51)
I Squared R Element Co. Inc.
716-542-5511
www.isquaredrelement.com
56 (56)
Induction Tooling Inc.
440-237-0711
www.inductiontooling.com
55 (54)
Inductoheat Inc.
57 (57)
Invensys Eurotherm
3 (58)
Ipsen Inc.
800-727-7625
www.ipsenusa.com/TITAN
59 (59)
Metallurgical High Vacuum Corp.
269-543-4291
www.methivac.com
17
North American Cronite, Inc.
800-243-4123
www.afegroup.com
61 (60)
724-327-5700
203-359-1660
www.omega.com
IHEA Member
IHEA Member
IHEA Member
Inside Front Cover (62) Omega Engineering, Inc.
www.afc-holcroft.com
248-305-7700
www.custom-electric.com
978-988-9000
www.daltonelectric.com
800-289-3358
www.deltacooling.com
800-525-8173
www.drycoolers.com
800-624-6297
www.inductoheat.com
703-724-7300
www.eurotherm.com
Inside Back Cover (63) Plansee USA LLC
800-782-6659
www.plansee-usa.com
56 (56)
Proceq USA Inc.
800-839-7016
www.proceq-usa.com
65 (64)
Pro-Tech Company, Inc.
630-271-0551
www.protechcompanyinc.com
66 (66)
Protection Controls Inc.
847-674-7676
www.protectioncontrolsinc.com
67 (67)
Qual-Fab, Inc.
440-327-5000
www.qual-fab.net
69 (68)
SECO/WARWICK Corp.
70 (70)
Servomex
73 (72)
Solar Manufacturing
75 (74)
Steeltech Ltd.
71 (71)
Super Systems Inc.
77 (76)
Surface Combustion Inc.
IHEA Member
814-332-8400
www.secowarwick.com
www.servomex.com
215-258-3350
IHEA Member
IHEA Member
www.solarmfg.com
616-243-7920
www.steeltechltd.com
513-772-0060
800-537-8980
www.surfacecombustion.com
www.ivfsmartquench.com
66 (66)
Swerea IVF
46 31 7066000
79 (78)
Tenova Core
412-262-2240
www.tenova.com
81 (81)
Tinius Olsen
215-675-7100
www.tiniusolsen.com
80 (80)
T-M Vacuum Products, Inc.
856-829-2000
www.tmvacuum.com
82 (82)
Trent, Inc.
215-482-5000
www.trentheat.com
83 (83)
Wellman Furnaces Inc.
317-398-4411
www.wellmanfurnaces.com
85 (84)
Wisconsin Oven Corp.
262-642-3938
www.wisoven.com
Back Cover (86)
Yokogawa Corp. of America
800-258-2552
www.yokogawa.com/us
IHEA Member
Industrial Heating is the world's largest and most comprehensive integrated media resource focusing
on high-temperature thermal processing technology and practical applications. IH Niche Statement
The Affordable Premium
Paperless Recorder
The FX1000 is the ideal electronic
recording system for demanding
heat treat applications.
Simple operator controls and the
compact shallow steel case that fits
in tight locations makes operation and
installation a breeze. Vacuum furnace
owners will appreciate the log scale and
scientific notation display option for TORR
pressure indication.
Optional AC power measurement and recording
is a feature not found on other recorders. You
can now trend and record energy consumption in
combination with process data.
Experience Yokogawa reliability found nowhere else
at any price. Give us a call and let us demonstrate the
FX1000. You will be pleasantly surprised how affordable
premium features and ease of operation can be.
Standard features
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AD11303
Notable Options

Technology Spotlights p.36

Transcription

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