Swix Nordic Ski Prep Racing

Transcription

PR0823 XC RACING MANUAL
xc
sort
spon
main
11-07-08
14:10
Side i
11-07-08
14:10
Side ii
ii SWIX SPORT NORDIC TECH MANUAL
Swix takes pride in its 60 year history as one
of the strongest and most recognized brand
names in skiing.
Founder of Swix, Martin Matsbo, is testing grip in
1946.
Followed by pioneering research work in the
mid 40’s, the Astra Pharmaceutical Company
introduced revolutionary ski waxes based upon
synthetic materials. The new 3-colored system
was a breakthrough for all skiers, and demystified and simplified waxing. The new Swix
system of waxing replaced the unscientific and
often secret concoctions of tar, beeswax,
melted bicycle tire inner rubes, and phonograph
records, to mention just a few of the obscure
ingredients. Before long Swix waxes were found
the world over, and recreational skiers and
racers alike realized a new level of enjoyment
and success.
In 1974 the Liljedahl ski pole factory merged
with Swix. At that time bamboo poles were on
the way out in recreational skiing and aluminum
poles were being replaced with high tech
composite materials in racing.
Scientific glide testing in 1946.
In the end of the 80’s, Swix was the first to
commercially introduce the 3rd generation ski
wax, Cera F fluoro powder. “Cera F” has become
a standard within ski waxing and is a trademark
of Swix.
During its 60 year history Swix has compiled
an unbeaten record of Olympic and World
Championship victories.
With this manual it is the objective to present
the most up to date waxing methods based
upon the feed back from our World Cup Service
Teams.
Test skier in speedtrap - 1946.
For more information about Swix products
please visit us web pages www.swixsport.com
and www.swixschool.com.
11-07-08
14:10
Side 1
SWIX SPORT NORDIC TECH MANUAL 1
Why Wax Skis?
......................................
2
Snow Classification System
......................................
3
Structure in Ski Bases & Tools
......................................
4-9
Swix Cera Nova System
......................................
10 - 18
Base Brushing
......................................
19 - 23
Ironing
......................................
24 - 25
Swix Kick Waxes for Classic Skiing
......................................
26 - 35
Post-Treatment of Stone Ground Skis
......................................
37 - 39
Practical Application of Glide Waxes
......................................
41 - 43
Application of Cera F
......................................
44 - 57
Abrading Cross Country Skis
......................................
58 - 59
Application of Hard Waxes
......................................
60 - 61
Application of Base Klister
......................................
62
Application of Klisters
......................................
63
After the Race - Base Cleaning
......................................
64 - 66
Photos: Swix Sport AS & Scanpix
Printed on recycled paper in Norway by BK Gruppen
SWIX SPORT AS
Serviceboks, N-2626 Lillehammer
Tlf.: 61 22 21 00 • Fax: 61 25 23 28
www.swixsport.com
STEP BY STEP
Contents
11-07-08
14:10
Side 2
2 SWIX SPORT NORDIC TECH MANUAL
Why do we wax/glide skis
Factors Influencing Waxing
The purpose of waxing is either to create friction,
or grip, in the case of kick wax, or to reduce it as
with glide wax. The intention with the waxing
process is to make the ski base as compatible
as possible with the features of the snow surface. However, the snow conditions change with
time and temperature. Even when temperatures
remain below freezing, time (hours and days) will
progressively deform sharp, classic snow crystals into more rounded forms. We call this transformed snow. The higher the temperature, the
faster the transformation will proceed.
Water also plays a significant role. Water
molecules surround snow crystals as thin water
films even when temperatures are below the
freezing point. Above freezing, water plays a
greater role as free water mixes with the snow
pack. The distribution of water and ice will influence friction and abrasiveness. Therefore
modern Swix waxes take into consideration
many factors in their formulation and composition. The result is different waxes for different
conditions. In this chapter Swix will guide you
through the main features of snow and friction to
make the choice of the proper ski wax easier.
Temperature
Taking a reading of the air temperature in the
shade is the first basic starting point for wax
selection.
This should be done at several points along
the course. Snow temperature at the surface can
also be helpful. But remember that once the temperature reaches the freezing point (0°C or
32°F), snow will remain at that temperature
regardless of rising air temperature. At this point
it is best to use air temperatures and focus on
www.swixschool.com
the proper steps for dealing with the increased
water content of the snow.
Humidity
Humidity is important, but more as a local climate trend rather than a need to measure every
percentile. It is important to know if the competition is taking place in a dry climate, meaning
average humidity below 50%; a normal climate
of 50% to 80%, or a high humidity climate 80%
to 100%. Beyond this, of course, is adjusting to
the situation of falling precipitation.
Snow Granulation
The appearance of the snow crystal and consequent snow surface is important for wax selection. Falling, or very fresh new fallen snow is the
most critical situation for waxing. The sharp crystals require a wax that will resist snow crystal
penetration, but at warmer temperatures must
also have the ability to repel water. It is in this
special, critical waxing situation that Cera F
excels.
Man-made snow is today common racing
situations. Freshly made snow at cold temperature definitely require the addition of synthetic
paraffin such as with CH4, LF4, HF4, HF4BW
and CH6, LF6, HF6 and HF6BW. After manmade snow has “settled” for some days and the
surrounding atmosphere has affected the snow
surface, the gliding characteristics of the snow
improve and normal waxing considerations
return.
At rising air temperatures above 0°C (32°F)
the snow temperature still remains at 0°C (32°F).
The water surrounding the snow crystals increases until the snow pack becomes saturated with
11-07-08
14:10
Side 3
Swix Snow Classification System
water. Waxes that are highly water repellent and
coarse base structures are needed.
Snow friction
The friction on ice and snow is a mixed friction.
It means that it is neither a true dry friction nor
a true fluid friction. The contact is partly dry,
partly wet. At very low temperatures the frictional
mechanisms gradually might be described by
laws governing dry friction.
At intermediate freezing temperatures,
around -4°C to -10°C (25°F to 14°F), the water
film between the frictional partners has the optimal thickness to create low kinetic friction.
Approaching the freezing point, the water film
increases in thickness, and when conditions for
melting is present, free water enters the system.
The contact area between ski and snow
increases and the friction will increase.
Suction gradually builds up as the amount
of water increases.
Group 3.
The final stage of transformation.
Uniform, rounded, bonded grains characterize
the snow surface. Also called “old” snow.
Group 4.
Wet snow. If snow-grains belonging to group 1,
2 or 3 are exposed to warm weather, the result
is wet snow.
Group 5.
Frozen or refrozen. When wet snow freezes it
is identified as group 5, characterized by large
grains with frozen melt water in between.
The snow surface is hard and icy, normally
requiring a klister as kick wax.
Swix Snow Classification
System
Swix has introduced a simple classification
system for snow identification. The symbols
are created to help skiers find the best wax
for actual conditions.
1. NEW FALLEN SNOW
Below freezing
2. FINE GRAINED SNOW
Below freezing
3. OLD / GRAINED /
TRANSFORMED SNOW
Below freezing
4. WET CORN SNOW
Above freezing
Group 1.
Falling and new fallen snow characterized by
relatively sharp crystals, demanding relatively
hard ski wax.
Group 2.
An intermediate transformation stage, characterized by grains no longer possible to identify as
the original snow-crystal shape; often called
“fine-grained” snow in ski-wax terminology.
5. FROZEN CORN (Old) SNOW (Melted/Frozen)
Below freezing
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 4
Structure
Base Structures and Swix
Rilling / Imprint Tools
Structure is a term used to describe patterns
cut into the base to reduce base contact on the
snow and to release surface tension from water
films caused by base friction. These structure
patterns are most often produced by stone
grinding machines at the factory during production or by shops that specialize in the stone
grinding process. It is also possible to produce
structures using hand tools.
For a period of time there was much experimentation and testing of many types of patterns
in order to find the best structure for different
snow types. The search with different stone
grinders, different structure depths, widths,
and patterns, all aiming to find “the ultimate
structure”, was overwhelming. Recently however,
the development showed signs of simplification.
Now service technicians agree more that snow
types can be classified in more general terms
to which more certain structure patterns can
be matched. An appropriate structure is still of
absolute importance, but it is applied with a set
of basic principles in mind. The result is that variations in machine set structures are fewer and
standardized. The tendency to “simplify” variations in stone grinding can allow for a more
accurate comparison of other significant factors
such as skis and waxes, and in theory it is possible to travel with fewer pairs of skis.
Last but not least, structures made by hand
on top of structures produced by machine have
proven to give outstanding results. Manually set
structures in combination with stone grinding can
match the day’s conditions more accurately and
www.swixschool.com
therefore enhance the effectiveness of a basic
stone ground base.
There is an important difference between
structures produced by machine and those produced by hand. Stone ground structures are cut
into the base, and are more permanent in nature.
Hand structures use “imprint” tools that press the
structure into the base, and consequently are
temporary.
Swix imprint tools have the advantage of
being easy and quick to use while at the same
time offer the most adaptability of adjusting the
structure to match the snow type. During the
process of rewaxing the heat from the iron will
cause the pattern to leave the base while keeping the stone ground pattern intact. In this way
the base is ready once again for the next hand
produced structure treatment and it is possible
to apply the perfectly matching structure according to the conditions of the day.
Although there are variations in the patterns
applied, structures can be classified into “fine”,
“medium-fine”, “medium-coarse” and “coarse”
structures. The most frequently used structures
in World Cup are “fine” and “medium-fine”.
For classic races more coarse structures are
used as well. The difference between classic
and skating is related to more varying conditions
in a skating coarse than in a classic track.
Also the factor of “feeling” that has to do with the
resistance when “pushing” the ski forward is significant in skating, but less in classic. The “free
feeling” can be lost, especially when skating
uphill, when the structure is too coarse.
11-07-08
14:10
Side 5
Structure
Four Different Grades of Stone
Grinding
Fine structures:
Fine structures are mainly used on new snow
and fine grained snow. For skating; fine structures are normally used from 0°C (32°F) and
colder, for classic; -5°C (23°F) and colder.
Sharp crystals (present in dry new/fine snow)
and a sharp structure is not optimal. A newly set
(fresh) structure will in general give a “sharp”
structure. In dry, cold, new and fine snow conditions (usually lower than -7°C (19°F)), the fine
“sharp” structure should be “rounded” with
Fibertex T262N (or a plexi scraper).
Though, this process is normally more important
for skating than for classic skiing. On the other
hand, in new snow with high humidity close to
0°C (32°F) the structure should preferably be
sharper.
Coarse structures:
This structure is rarely used in skating.
For classic skiing it is used on coarse wet
snow (red klister conditions) and shiny/icy
tracks above 0°C (32°F).
STRUCTURE EXAMPLES
Medium/Fine structures:
This structure is a widely used structure.
For skating it is used in most snow conditions
normally from -7°C (19°F) up to wet snow.
In very wet conditions a medium/fine structure
combined with the use of an imprint tool
(Swix T401/T405) has proven good results.
For classic skiing we recommend this structure
in new and fine grained snow (normally between
-7°C (19°F) and 0°C (32°F)).
FINE
Medium/Coarse structures:
For classic skiing on coarse moist snow and wet,
glazy new snow, often between 0°C (32°F) and
+3°C (37°F) (KR50 Violet Silver klister conditions), a medium/coarse structure is preferred.
This structure is not often used in skating.
Most skiers would then prefer to modify
a medium/fine structure with the use of an
imprint tool (as described further down).
MEDIUM/FINE
COARSE
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 6
Structure
Improving Stone Ground Skis by
using Swix Imprint Tools
Over the last few seasons, Swix’ Imprint Tool
T405 has only gained popularity and by now
most of the World Cup skiers are having their
skis tuned with the T405.
The following chapter describes when to use
and how to make a normal stone ground base
even better to match the conditions of the day.
The Swix Imprint Tool T405 and Rilling Tool T401
can be used independent of stone grinding.
One advantage of the Swix Hand Structure Tools
is that with one or two pairs of skis, you can easily adjust the structure to the conditions of the
day. This is rational for young and older racers
as well as for top racing athletes.
The use of the terms “Imprint” (T405) and
“Rilling” (T401) has to do with the method the
structure is applied to the base. While the T405
use steel rollers which apply structure to the
base in a rolling movement, the T401 uses fixed
brass blades.
Swix Super Riller T401
When using Swix Super Riller in combination with
stone grinding, it is generally after scraping and
brushing. In cold temperatures the fine irons are
used, and from -1°C/0°C (30°F/32°F) and warmer
the medium and coarse irons are used.
Swix Super Riller does not deform the base,
but presses the structure in. When rewaxing a
couple of times with a hot iron, the base will
regain most of its original structure. The T401
1 mm and 2 mm rilling blades are constantly
used by top Racers/Technicians in the World
Cup. It can give an increase in speed of as
much as 1 km/h.
The T401 comes as standard with the
Medium (0.75 mm) blade.
www.swixschool.com
The range of optional blades for the T401
Super Riller includes:
X Fine
Fine
Medium
Coarse
X Coarse
XX Coarse
0.25 mm
0.5 mm
0.75 mm
1.0 mm
2.0 mm
3.0 mm
SWIX SUPER RILLER (T0401)
with Medium 0.75 mm blade.
11-07-08
14:10
Side 7
Structure
Swix World Cup Imprint Tool Set
T405
The Swix World Cup Imprint Tool T405 is a hand
crafted, high quality tool. It comes with imprint
rollers manufactured in a very high steel quality
undergoing advanced production processes.
The T405 creates structure in a different way
than other imprint tools by pressing the most
accurate yet shallow base structure in the market. Structure is applied in a rolling movement.
The steel rollers have a cross-hatch (fishbone)
structure for the optimal result. The World Cup
Imprint Tool T405 comes as a set with two structure rollers (0.3 mm and 0.5 mm).
Due to high production cost, the T405 has
been mostly used at top racing levels, but Swix
expects its advantages to be recognized by club
teams, colleges, specialty tune-up shops,
and dedicated World Loppet skiers. See chart
on page 9.
The Swix T405 includes the following rollers:
STRUCTURE TOOL SET (T0405)
Steel, with two Fishbone structures,
0.3 mm and 0.5 mm.
For Racing Service and Team use.
FINE 0.3 mm:
To be used in new, fine grained and coarse snow
from -12°C to 0°C (10°F to 32°F).
MEDIUM 0.5 mm:
To be used in new, fine grained, coarse, and icy
snow from -5°C to +1°C (23°F to 34°F).
To be used in mixed (new and transformed)
snow from -1°C to +3°C (30°F to 37°F).
Optional blade for the T405:
COARSE 1.0 mm:
To be used in wet- and very wet-, coarse snow.
From 0°C to +20°C (32°F to 68°F). Can be combined with the T401 structure tool (1, 2 and
3 mm).
1 mm
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 8
Structure
Practical Guidelines when
Setting Structure with Hand
Held Tools
Use of the different imprint steels will vary with
the underlying stone grind. If the base has a fine
structure it can be taken to “medium” by using
the coarse imprint steel. In this way you will be
able to make a fine stone grind fit “medium” conditions. However, it is not possible to make a
coarse stone grind ‘fine’ with a ‘fine’ steel.
In skating a medium/coarse or coarse structure is rarely used due to varying conditions in
a skating slope and the negative effect this will
give on “feeling” (which has to do with the resistance in pushing the ski forwards). In skating a
fine or medium structure is preferred as the standard, these structures will then be modified with
the use of the structure/imprint tools “on top of”
the underlying stone grind. Be aware of the
amount of pressure when applying the hand
made structure. In skating it is most important
to apply light pressure on the front half of the ski.
A harder pressure will be applied from the binding and backwards. This has shown to give an
optimal mix of “good glide” and “free feel.”
• Manually produced structure should be set
after waxing, application of Cera F and brushing.
After setting the structure, brush once more with
the Blue Nylon brush.
• Always apply manual structures on race day
since the intended effect can be reduced over
time.
• For skating skis, start from the tip applying
light pressure for the first third of the base,
slowly increase pressure from the front of the
binding using medium pressure until the back of
binding, from there to the tail use firm pressure.
• For classic skis, use even pressure, but preferably lighter pressure on the front part.
• If two or more imprint steels are used in combination, always start by using the coarser steel.
OBS!
Keep your structure rollers/blades
clean and store them separately
and protected.
Never clean your structure tool with
a metal brush!
www.swixschool.com
-12°C – -5°C
- 5°C – +1°C
- 1°C – +3°C
New, fine, coarse,
artificial snow
(LF6, LF4) HF6, HF4
New, fine, coarse, glazed
icy tracks, coarse dry snow
(FC7, FC8)
New, fine, coarse,
mixed and moist snow
(FC8)
Comments:
0°C – +20°C
60% +
1/ 2 / 3
1
0.75 + 0.5
0.5
No use
No use
1
1
0.5 + 0.3
0.5
0.3
0.3
T405
- Structure should always be fresh (sharp) except in very cold (dry) conditions.
- It may seem like a freshly set structures functions better than older set structures.
- Always use light pressure on the front part of the ski when applying structure.
Extreme wet snow
(FC10, KR70)
60% +
60% +
60% +
40% +
Low
T401
Blade/Roller to use
Hard
Medium
Medium
Light
Light
Light
Pressure
T401 and T405
T401 and T405
T401 or T405
T401 or T405
T405
T405
Tool
Pressure on tool
14:10
0°C – +10°C
Colder than
-12°C
New, fine, coarse,
artificial snow
CH4, LF4, HF4
Air humidity
in %
11-07-08
Wet, coarse snow
(FC8, FC10)
Air temperature
in °C (°F)
Description of
snow and wax
GUIDELINES FOR THE USE OF T405 AND T401:
Side 9
Structure
11-07-08
14:10
Side 10
Cera Nova System
165°C (330°F)
150°C (300°F)
110°C (230°F)
www.swixschool.com
150°C (300°F)
150°C (300°F)
120°C (245°F)
155°C (310°F)
135°C (275°F)
140°C (280°F)
150°C (300°F)
11-07-08
14:10
Side 11
Cera Nova System
Cera F Powders,
Solids and Liquid
SWIX CERA F
• The Reference for
Competitors and Athletes.
• The Fastest and most
frequently used.
• The Highest Purity.
• The Most Podium Results.
“Dr. Wax” Leif Axell Torgersen measures contact
angles between water and wax.
New productions and additional research within
the field of Cera F has made Swix able to
improve the quality on our Cera F products the
coming season. Testing within the laboratory as
well as in the field is an important part of the
work aiming for further refinements in the quest
to be able to supply racers and snowboard riders with the best possible glide performance.
There are many fluorocarbon products in the
market, but very few have gone through the synthesizing steps to modify the fluorocarbon powder like Cera F for specific use on ski and snowboard bases.
Swix Cera F has a coded batch production
system for tracking quality control. The result is:
• High speed and acceleration
• High resistance to snow contaminants
• Exceptional purity for best performance
• High longevity, outstanding base bonding
capacity
Safety reminder
Neither Cera F powder or its vapor
from ironing should be exposed to
temperatures above 300°C (570°F).
Therefore avoid exposure to torches,
heat guns, space heater, and cigarette
smoking.
Recommended ironing temperature for
Cera F is approximately 150°C (300°F) to
165°C (330°F), which is far below the level
for Cera F decomposition.
Also, Cera F powders, waxes and liquids do not
contain CFCs and are not harmful to the environment.
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 12
Cera Nova System
Category 1:
100% Fluorocarbon
Cera F Powder
FC78 - Super Cera F Powder
A sensational new Cera F powder with a wide
ideal range from +1°C to -10°C. Positioned
between FC8 and FC7. Used with a base of HF4,
6, 7 or 8, or HFBW4, 6, 7 or 8. High melting point
144°C. Recommended iron setting 165°C (330°F).
FC78 is ironed twice during application.
Iron, brush back to powder form, and iron again.
Available in packages of 30 gram.
OBS! Should be used by experienced waxers
to avoid overheating of ski base.
FC7 - Cera F Powder Cold
The Cera F for cold conditions. Very wide range
in colder and dryer conditions, new or old snow,
-2°C to -30°C (28°F to -22°F). Iron temperature
setting of 155°C/160°C (310°F/320°F). One pass
with the iron taking no more than 4 or 5 seconds.
FC7 is most often ironed for better base bonding, and because of its high melting point (hardness). FC7 is ironed twice during application.
Ironed, brushed back to powder form, and
ironed again. FC7 can also be applied using the
Roto-Cork, or by hand corking. The base waxes
for FC7 are generally HF6, HF6BW or LF6, HF7,
HF7BW or LF7. Available in packages of 30 gram.
FC8 - Cera F Powder Universal
The temperature range for this powder falls within the average, normal winter temperatures,
and therefore FC8 is the most used of all Cera F
waxes. Temperature range is +4°C to -4°C (40°F
to 25°F). FC8 is ironed once. Maximum ironing
temperature setting of 150°C (300°F). One pass
with the iron taking no more than 4 or 5 seconds.
Roto-Cork or hand corking application is also
possible. The base waxes for FC8 are HF8,
HF8BW or LF8. Available in packages of 30 gram.
www.swixschool.com
FC10 - Cera F Powder Wet
This powder is designed for very wet conditions.
The temperature range is from +2°C to +20°C
(36°F to 68°F). Good during thawing conditions,
late season when there is strong sun effect,
and wet falling snow at 0°C (32°F). Iron once at
maximum ironing setting of 150°C (300°F) with a
4 or 5 second pass of the iron. Application with
the Roto-Cork or hand corking is also possible.
The base waxes for FC10 are HF10, HF10BW or
LF10. Available in packages of 30 gram.
FC10B0 - Cera F “Black Snow” Powder
Cera F for wet transformed “dirty” snow, 0°C to
+20°C. FC10 with black lubricant additive that
reduces friction in polluted wet snow. Used with
HF10BW or HF8BW. Iron once at maximum ironing setting of 150°C (300°F) with a 4 or 5 second
pass of the iron. Application with the Roto-Cork
or hand corking is also possible. Available in
packages of 30 gram.
11-07-08
14:10
Side 13
Cera Nova System
Category 1:
100% Fluorocarbon
Cera F Solid Turbo
Cera F Turbos are square sintered 20 g blocks of
100% Cera F Powders. The Turbos are used in
shorter races from 1 km to 5 km such as sprints.
The consistency of the blocks is designed so
rub-on application is easier. The rub-on application also is an economical way to use Cera F.
Roto-Corking is also often used in World Cup
when applying the Turbos. In this case, the Turbo
Waxes are used as a “booster” over Cera F powder or Cera Nova Glide Wax to get extra speed
the first few kilometers.
Apply a layer covering the base. Cork-in with
a Swix Natural Cork (T20) or use the new Swix
Combi Brush (T196) with cork on one side and
fine nylon bristles on the other. After corking, finish by brushing with a fine nylon brush such as
T196 or T160.
FC7BS - Cera F Solid “Cold Turbo”
100% fluorocarbon solid block of wax.
Temperature range from -0°C to -20°C
(earlier FC1S). For transformed/man made snow.
The black additive has positive effect in cold
snow, dry friction. Used alone or as the final
“accelerator” layer.
FC8WS - Solid White Uni Turbo
FC10BS - Solid Wet Turbo
Temperature range from +4°C to -4°C. For fine
grained snow. For clean white snow covering
most normal winter conditions. Wide range.
Used alone or as the final “accelerator” layer.
Temperature range from 0°C/+20°C.
For wet/polluted/coarse snow. The black lubricant additive has positive effect in polluted snow.
Used alone or as the final “accelerator” layer.
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 14
Cera Nova System
Category 1:
100% Fluorocarbon
Cera F Liquid
Swix Cera F Liquid is designed for use as the
final layer when waxing for top-level competitions. Based on Cera F technology, Swix Cera F
Liquid offers the same high performance quality
as the Cera F Powder Waxes. It is based on pure
Cera F, Fluor Carbons. It’s liquid state guarantees a perfect distribution on the ski.
Quick and easy to apply, Cera F Liquid is
also ideal for the quick performance fix at events
with multiple runs, such as Cross Country
Sprints.
FC8A - Cera F Rocket Spray
100% fluorinated. +4°C to -4°C. For transformed
and fine grained snow. Apply on top of HF10, 8,
7 or HFBW10, 8, 7. Also used on top of Cera F
powder as “topping”.
New upside down spray-on for better controlled application. Bottle of 70 ml.
FC8L Cera F Liquid
100% fluorocarbon. For normal snow conditions
+4°C to -4°C (40°F to 25°F). 29 ml.
FC10L Cera F Liquid
100% fluorocarbon.
+2°C to +20°C (36°F to 68°F). For wet fine
grained snow and very wet corn snow. 29 ml.
www.swixschool.com
Use of Cera F Liquid as the final layer
will absolutely assure that there are no
voids in the pure fluorocarbon wax layer
resulting in the highest possible speed
performance.
11-07-08
14:10
Side 15
Cera Nova System
Category 2:
HFBW Waxes
HFBW Black Wolf is a result of years of intensive
research to improve our gliding products and
fully substitute the BD-line. The waxes have provided excellent results in both the World Cup
and World Championships, in cross country,
biathlon and alpine skiing. The Black Wolf series
strength is it’s performance on artificial snow,
transformed snow and dirty snow and also at
cold conditions when the dry frictional phenomena is relatively high. This patented additive gives
lower frictional coefficient to the waxes than the
BD-additive. Available in 40 gram or 180 gram
bar size.
HF7BW
Black, -2°C to -8°C. Easy application. Good dirt
resistance. To be used on man-made snow or
transformed snow, partly polluted. Used as a
base for Swix Cera F FC7, FC78 and FC8.
HF8BW
Black, +1°C to -4°C. Performs extremely well on
man-made snow or transformed natural snow as
well as dirty snow due to resistance towards pollutants. Normally used as a base for Swix Cera F
FC78 or FC8.
HF10BW
HF4BW
Black, -10°C to -32°C. Made for extremely cold
conditions, contributing to a high portion of dry
friction. To be used alone or as a base for Swix
Cera F FC7.
Black, +10°C to 0°C. The softest wax in the
Black Wolf -line. The preferred choice on wet,
dirty, coarse-grained snow as a base for Swix
Cera F FC10 or FC10B0.
HF6BW
Black, -6°C to -12°C. Very well suited for manmade snow during cold conditions. The BWadditive reduces friction towards snow-particles
and has excellent wear resistance. Mainly used
as a base for Swix Cera F FC7 or FC78.
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 16
Cera Nova System
Category 3:
HF Waxes
HF stands for High Fluorocarbon. There are
5 main waxes in this category, which are fluorinated hydrocarbon blends having a high percentage of a low-melt point fluorocarbon additive
- a result of Cera F technology. The waxes are
unique because they provide fast acceleration,
work in a wide range of temperatures, and are
durable and dirt resistant. HF waxes are excellent when used alone, but ideal when used in
combination with Cera F as an over layer.
Conditions of high humidity are optimal for
HF waxes. Availble in 40g or 180g bar size.
HF4 – With Nano!
Light green, -10°C to -32°C (14°F to -25°F).
Normally at temperatures this cold, the advantages of fluorocarbon content become less.
However when the humidity is very high,
above 80%, and it is very cold, this wax is excellent.
HF6
Light blue, -6°C to -12°C (21°F to 10°F).
At this temperature point the base blend to
which the fluorocarbon is added also contains
a combination of hard synthetic paraffins which
have proven very effective at colder temperatures and abrasive man-made snow.
Recommended final Cera F powder layer: FC7.
www.swixschool.com
HF7
Violet, -2°C to -8°C (28°F to 18°F).
HF7 fits the important wax conditions that fall
between -2°C to -8°C (28°F to 18°F). This popular formulation requested by World Cup technicians can be used alone or mixed with other
waxes. Its consistency makes it easy to iron
and scrape. Cera F Powder FC78 or FC7.
HF8
Red/pink, +1°C to -4°C (34°F to 25°F).
This wax falls into in a common wintertime temperature and therefore is used often. The combination of HF8 and FC78/FC8 Cera F powder as
the final layer has become a highly successful
racing standard.
HF10
Yellow, +10°C to 0°C (50°F to 32°F).
For very wet conditions. Falling wet snow, rain,
and a water saturated snow surface. HF10 is
best used with Cera F FC10/FC10B0 powder as
an overlayer.
HF12
COMBI. Contents HF7 Violet 20 g and HF8 Pink
20 g. Two of the most used HF waxes in one
package. An economical way to get into the
HF-line.
11-07-08
14:10
Side 17
Cera Nova System
Category 4:
LF Waxes
LF stands for Low Fluorocarbon. These are fluorinated hydrocarbon waxes having a lower percentage of fluoro additive. They are often used
as training waxes. Can also be used as racing
waxes with Cera F as a final layer, or alone as a
race wax mostly at lower temperatures.
The temperature ranges and wax colors of
the LF waxes coincide with the HF category,
however they are distinguished from the HF
waxes by the 60 gram bar size. They are also
available in packages of 180 gram.
LF4
Light green, -10°C to -32°C (14°F to -25°F).
For use alone at low humidity at very cold
temperatures and harsh man-made snow.
LF8
The low-percent fluorocarbon counterpart
to HF8. For racing it is recommended to use
Cera F FC8 as the final overlayer within this temperature range. Also used very often as a wax
for training, travelling and cleaning.
LF10
Yellow, +10°C to 0°C (50°F to 32°F).
For very wet conditions. Also good for base
preparation and to protect the bases when traveling. The snow is often dirty at the temperatures
calling for LF10, therefore an overlayer of Cera F
FC10/FC10B0 is recommended.
LF6
Light blue, -6°C to -12°C (21°F to 10°F).
Very good as a base layer for other waxes.
Also a very good training and racing wax alone
in low humidity conditions. Resistant against
wear on aggressive man-made snow. For racing
at normal and high humidity Cera F FC7 is recommended as final overlayer.
LF7
Violet, -2°C to -8°C (28°F to 18°F).
Very good race wax at low humidity.
LF3
LF3 Cold Powder.
-10°C to -32°C (14°F to -25°F).
A very hard powder wax having a
high content of fluorocarbon material.
Used when the snow is very finegrained and very cold. Easy to iron.
Also helps to reduce base abrasion
on cold, aggressive snow.
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 18
Cera Nova System
Category 5:
CH Waxes
CH stands for Hydrocarbon. This category
has no fluorocarbon material in the blends.
They are 100% high performance hydrocarbon
paraffins. Although they can be looked upon
as an economical racing wax group, the colder
waxes perform very well alone, and the warmer
waxes make an acceptable base layer for
Cera F.
Their colors and temperature ranges coincide
with the HF and LF Waxes. The CH waxes can
be distinguished from the LF waxes by their
darker shade of color. Comes in 60 gram or
180 gram bar size.
CH3
-12°C to -32°C (12°F to -25°F).
A pure white hydrocarbon powder for very cold
conditions. Can be used alone or as a base for
other waxes during abrasive conditions.
Easier to apply and scrape than other cold
conditions waxes.
CH6
Blue, -6°C to -12°C (21°F to 10°F).
For common cold conditions. Contains also
some synthetic wax, which makes it durable
in aggressive snow. Good training wax alone.
It offers good glide plus base protection at an
economical price.
CH7
Violet, -2°C to -8°C (28°F to 18°F).
CH7 is a good general purpose pre-wax and travel wax because its range for use falls in the middle of the system. CH7 makes a good base
bonding wax for warmer waxes. Good alone for
training and to get skis “driven in”.
CH8
A very good, reliable and economical racing
wax, as well as a general base prep wax and
travel wax for “cold” skis.
CH4
CH10
Green, -10°C to -32°C (14°F to -25°F).
Is somewhat harder than HF4 and LF4. Can be
used alone or mixed with other LF or HF waxes to
increase durability on aggressive snow. In dry
conditions can it be used up to -7/-8°C.
Should be scraped while still warm. See wax
application section.
Yellow, +10°C to 0°C (50°F to 32°F).
For very wet, saturated snow. This is the Worlds
most frequently used wax for base prep/saturation and as travel wax for warm skis.
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 19
Base Brushing
Base Brushing
The Swix Brush Programme
in General
The Swix Brush Program is subject to continuous
development based on feedback from the Swix
Racing Service Department that serves World
Cup technicians, athletes, and teams throughout
each season. As a result, Swix customers are
guaranteed the highest quality products taking
into account the latest developments and
methods of World Cup technicians.
Swix Brushes are divided into three main
categories of use, plus the economy line.
• The Swix “Pre-Wax” Brushes are designed to
use before waxing for base restoration (“freshening”) by removing the burnish and oxidization
from the base surface, and brushing old wax out
of the structures (base patterns) in ski and snowboard bases to clean and “open” the base for
better wax absorption.
• The Swix “Post-Wax” Brushes are for use after
waxing and scraping to brush the wax out of the
base patterns. To many, these brushes are the
most important. The base must be waxed, yet
the structure patterns must also be revealed to
minimize friction.
• The Swix “Cera F” Brushes have the purpose
of “application brushing” and final finish brushing. Professional technicians reserve these
brushes just for use with Cera F so the final
waxing result cannot be compromised with wax
other than Cera F.
• The economy brushes are multipurpose
brushes made as an affordable alternative for
the sport skier.
For each of these categories the Swix brushes
are carefully selected with special qualities in
mind. Swix selects not only the specific material
for each purpose, but also the certain length of
each fiber, a certain thickness and stiffness for
each fiber, and lastly, the bristle density.
By specifying the characteristics thoroughly,
each of the Swix brushes has its own “personality” and fulfils a specific purpose.
It is recommended to
use separate brushes for
the waxes from the brushes
used for Cera F.
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 20
Base Brushing
Most of the Swix brushes come in two sizes.
The smaller rectangular are easy in use and convenient when travelling. The larger oval brushes
are suited for efficiency and comfort when
preparing multiple skis.
A fully equipped range of brushes should
contain:
- The Fine Steel Brush used for cleaning and
base surface restoration (T192N/T188) before
waxing.
- The Medium Coarse Steel Brush to use after
waxing and scraping (T179R/T179O).
- The Blue Nylon Brush as final finish
(T160/T186).
For Cera F Powder the following three
brushed are needed:
- One stiff Black Nylon Brush (T194N/T199) for
the “brush up” step and after ironing.
- One Wild Boar Brush (T164/T198) or Horsehair
Brush (T157/T195).
- One Blue Nylon Brush (T160/T186 or T196)
for final finish
Tip: The Blue Nylon Brush T196 has cork on one
side for hand corking with Cera F Turbo Solid or
Liquid.
Photo: Scanpix
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 21
Base Brushing
Brushes used before waxing
T192N/T188 Steel Brush
A fine steel brush for “cleaning” deep into the
structure before waxing. 5-6 strokes. For refreshing the base. Makes bases absorb more wax.
T192N
T188
T179R
T179O
T162
T182
T160
T186
Brushes after waxing and scraping
T179O/T179R Steel Brush
(or T162/T182 Bronze Brush)
A medium coarse steel or bronze brush to use
after waxing and scraping. 10-12 strokes.
T160/T186 Blue Nylon Brush
A fine soft nylon brush for polishing. 4-5 strokes.
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 22
Base Brushing
Brushes for Cera F Powder
T194/T199 Stiff Nylon Brush
For “brush up” (not away) of Cera F powder after
ironing (and before ironing FC7 and FC78 the
second time). 4-5 strokes back and forth.
T194N
T199
T157
T195
T164
T198
T157/T195 Horsehair Brush
(or T164B/T198B Wild Boar Brush)
Second brush on Cera F powder. An “animal”
brush for brushing powder away. 10-12 strokes.
T161/T186 Blue Nylon Brush
A fine soft nylon brush for polishing. 4-5 strokes.
One brush for Cera F Solid Turbo
T196 Combi “Turbo”Brush
This is another handy brush, that some World
Cup Technicians use at the race start site for
second-run or in between sprints Cera F Solid
application. This brush has natural cork on one
side and short, fine nylon bristles on the other.
T196
ROTO BRUSH PROGRAM
Use of a Roto Brush is a great way to save time
when there are many skis or boards to prepare.
For club team racers where coaches and parents are preparing the skis for the entire team,
a Roto Brush is almost a necessity. Even many
top level technicians will use Roto Brushes for
initial brushing after scraping, and then usually
finish with hand brushing. Also Roto-corking is
often the preferred way to apply Cera F Powder,
Solids and Liquid.
The best drill choice for roto-brushing is
one with a power cord rather than batteries.
These drills retain a more constant speed,
www.swixschool.com
have higher revolution per minute capacity,
and variable speed options. RPMs from about
1000 to 2000 are used for brushing.
T16M Horsehair
The best all round brush. The initial brush on
all waxes. Used on regular waxes and Cera F.
(Do not use the same brush on regular wax and
Cera F.) 100 mm wide.
T17B Black Stiff Nylon
Special brush for hard cold waxes. Can also be
the first brush on Cera F. 100 mm wide.
11-07-08
14:10
Side 23
Base Brushing
T17W White or Blue Nylon
Polish brush for wax and Cera F. Also preferred
by some as “all round” brush. 100 mm wide.
T15HS Horsehair and Steel
Wax brush. The most used wax brush in World
Cup. Horsehair is used first finish with steel.
Horsehair is used first to avoid that the steel is
“clogging” up. Deburr the steel lightly with sandpaper #100 before using it first time on skis.
140 mm wide.
NOTE!
• Always use safety glasses when rotobrushing.
• Use the Protective Cover (T12PS) to avoid
getting wax particles and powder in the face.
• Don’t press too hard, let the brush do
the work!
• Brush from tip to tail with the brush rotation
throwing the wax particles towards the tail.
T14HN
T15NH Black Stiff Nylon and Horsehair
Cera F brush. Start with the stiff nylon and finish
with the horsehair. 140 mm wide.
T16M
T15DB Horsehair and Soft Nylon
Economy all round brush for both wax and powder. Start with the horsehair and finish with the
nylon. 140mm wide.
T14HPS
T17B
T14SS - 100 mm
T14SM - 140 mm
T15HPS
Handle with 140 mm driveshaft and 100 mm
wide protection cover.
T14SL - 200 mm
T17W
T14HPS
Handle with 100 mm driveshaft and protection
cover.
T18C Cork
T18C
T15HS
T19S
T15NH
High quality cork for Cera F application of powders, liquids and solids. 100 mm wide.
T19S Steel
Fine steel brush to clean base structures before
waxing. Can be used as second brush on wax
after T16M Horsehair brush.
T15DB
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 24
Ironing
Ironing
Important rules:
1: Use an iron build for skiwaxing to ensure stable temperatures and avoid “burned” bases.
2: Use the proper iron pass speed, like 4 to
5 seconds per length for Cera F (skating ski).
3: Iron at normal room temperature.
4: Have the proper ski base condition
at the start of the process.
T73 “Performance” iron (T73110)
New generation and patented “Heating paste
technology”. With 8 mm thick heating plate
giving a stable temperature.
Accurate temperature control by microchip and
a new dial design. Heating interval from 100°C 165°C (212°F-330°F). The heating plate is
angled for easier application control when
waxing with powders. Wax-guide with the right
temperature setting for each category included.
T72 “World Cup” Digitale iron (T72110)
With a 12 mm extra thick heating plate which
provides optimal temperature stability.
New generation and patented “Heating paste
technology”.
This digital iron utilizes an advanced microchip
to control the temperature. Easy to set temperatures by pressing buttons, temperature given in
an accurate digital temperature display.
The heating plate is angled in one end for easy
and precise application control when waxing
with Cera F powders. Wax-guide with the right
temperature setting for each category included.
T74 “Sport” iron (T74110)
Economical iron with adjustable temperature.
Standard heating plate. Light indicator for
correct temperature setting. With clip for the FCI
method: Fast Clean Ironing with paper between
the wax and the base.
Swix Iron cover (R0384)
For protection and easy traveling. For all irons.
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 25
Ironing
165°C/155°C
330°F/310°F
150°C
300°F
150°C
300°F
140°C
280°F
135°C
275°F
120°C
245°F
110°C
230°F
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 26
Swix Kick Waxes
Swix Hard Waxes
and Klisters
About Kick Waxing in General
It is relatively simple to apply kick waxes with
some experience and knowledge of the performance of the waxes you are using; however, the
most experienced skier can still become confused before a race. Nerves are brittle and wax
tips come from all over. This racing manual will
give you some helpful advice and guidelines for
competitions and will give you information that
will improve your everyday skiing experience,
both for touring and training.
In many situations, ski waxing means compromising. The final goal is superb kick and
great glide; however, many times the conditions
are variable and that can make this goal difficult.
Most important is to find the best balance
between kick and glide that will give you the
best overall performance. A common mistake is
to wax too slippery. Skiers are afraid of loosing
glide and wax either too thin or too hard a wax.
Experience tells us that a racer will lose more
time uphill, due to bad kick than gaining speed
on the downhill with good glide. Swix wants to
kill the myth that top-racers use slippery skis to
gain better glide. Truth is that many racers apply
kick waxes somewhat softer than what is suggested by temperature, create a longer kick
zone and wax thicker than many recreational
skiers might believe.
We will start with a few, general tips, based
upon many years of field experience by the Swix
World Cup service team. Following the guidelines written below we will give you a good foundation for making waxing decisions in stressful
and difficult situations.
www.swixschool.com
• Remember, practice makes perfect. The more
you test and experiment during training the better you will be able to wax for competitions.
• Do not experiment with products or wax combinations that you have not previously used in
training.
• When you are out training and you have poorly performing skis, take the additional 5 minutes
to stop and re-wax. It makes no sense to continue on bad skis.
To see and learn how to wax correctly please
visit www.swixschool.com. Also remember the
Swix Wax Wizard at our web site
www.swixsport.com.
11-07-08
14:10
Side 27
Swix Kick Waxes
Sanding of the Kick Zone
Before any application of kick wax, it is very
important to sand the kick zone. As a general
rule, the kick zone usually starts at the heel and
goes 65-70 cm forward. Most shops who specialize in selling racing skis will be able to make
an exact measurement of the kick zone.
You might get an approximate idea yourself by
using the “paper method”. Place the skis on the
floor. Stand on both skis, with half of your body
weight on each ski. Let somebody move a piece
of paper forward and backward between the ski
and the floor. Make a sign at the points where
the paper meets resistance. Start with this zone
and then do some minor adjustments after your
first time on the snow.
Use sandpaper to treat the kick zone.
You might use a special cork (T11) with #100 grit
sandpaper on one side or a paper (T330).
Move the paper in both directions. Do not sand
sideways as this could round the edges of the
ski, this will make work later on with the iron less
precise. Sanding in a sideways motion has never
proven to give longer lasting kick.
A new ski or a new stone grained ski needs
thorough treatment, while a pre sanded ski only
needs a few additional passes with sandpaper.
Sanding of the kick zone is also done before
each race. Always sand after the treatment of
the glide zones has been completed. Avoid fluoro powder remaining in the kick zone before kick
waxing; otherwise, the adhesion of the wax is
critically reduced. The base will have a grayish
look after rubbing. Make a distinct divide
between the glide and kick zone by applying
a small piece of tape to separate the zones.
Remove dirt and burr with Fiberlene (T150)
before applying the kick wax.
In most cases, before any other hard wax we
recommend the use of base wax (VG35) as the
first layer. For longer distances or on aggressive
snow (transformed), this is a safe choice.
On less aggressive snow (cold, new or finegrained), the amount of VG35 could be reduced
or substituted with V30 Blue wax. The risk of
loosing glide, using VG35 even on such conditions, is very limited.
We recommend using an iron when applying
base wax. Apply a thin layer and iron it into the
base (iron temp. 110°C) until it completely covers the entire sanded area. After the treatment
you may want to make a few passes with a waxing cork, let the ski cool before applying a layer
of V30. Iron once more using only light pressure
to prevent the two layers from mixing. Finish with
light corking and let the ski cool off to outside
temperature before applying today’s wax.
Base wax is used at top level racing events
whenever hard waxes are used. Many of the
leading teams in the world consequently use
Swix VG35. VG35 has excellent durability and
wear qualities and holds other waxes, without
reducing glide.
Tip:
Take a cork or a sanding block and fold the
sandpaper around it. Use it on the edge at the
point exactly where you start the sanding.
Tip:
Base wax is much easier to apply when it is
cold. Store it in the fridge or in the snow before
application.
VG35 BASE BINDER GREEN
-1°C to -22°C (30°F to -7°F).
A flexible and practical Base
Wax for the VR- and V-waxes
for colder conditions than -1°C
(30°F).
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 28
Swix Kick Waxes
Today’s Hard Wax
The choice of today’s hard wax is based upon
temperature, air-humidity, and snow consistency
and on your own personal experience. The temperature declarations on the boxes give a good
starting point, but often you have to adjust.
Apply more thin layers. By this we mean a layer,
evenly distributed, without lumps. Because skis
are different in stiffness, length of kick zone etc.,
it is difficult to give a general rule suggesting the
number of layers. But normally we recommend
about 4 to 10 layers. If you need fewer layers the
skis are probably too soft, and if you need more
layers, the skis are probably too stiff.
To avoid creating a sharp edge at the ends of
the kick zone, we normally apply the hard waxes
in a pyramid shape; which means that the layers
gradually are applied thinner and thinner, and
the wax thickness will have its peak at the highest point of the ski curvature. Normally, we apply
3-4 full length layers, and then gradually shorten
the layers.
The waxing cork is an essential tool.
Each layer has to be corked before applying a
new one. Also, run the cork down the groove a
few times (with the oval edge) to smooth the wax
in this area. The closer to freezing (0°C), and the
fresher the snow, the more important it is to cork
the wax to an even and smooth surface, reducing the risk of icing up. For the hardest (coldest)
waxes we recommend not corking too hard.
A slight structure in the wax might contribute to
better kick.
Three possible scenarios
When you have finished waxing and are ready to
test your skis, be prepared for one of the following three scenarios (we assume that you have
applied the wax correctly length/thickness
according to the stiffness of the ski and the kick
zones):
www.swixschool.com
A: You have correctly selected and applied
the wax properly and have perfect kick.
B: You have applied too hard a wax and have
slippery skis.
C: You have applied too soft a wax and the skis
are icing up.
Scenario A
Shortly: Congratulations and enjoy the trip!
Scenario B
If you have slippery skis, first try to apply a thicker layer of the same wax. If this does not work
you probably have chosen a wax that was too
hard. If this is the case then go to a wax one
step softer, this may give you satisfactory kick.
If you still need additional grip, continue the
same way. If you feel you are getting close,
more often one or two extra layers is better than
going even softer.
Scenario C
In this case we are referring to snow and ice
building up under the skis.
By icing up there is no way out of this situation
other than scraping off the warm wax and reapply a harder colder wax. The initially chosen wax
was too soft and collected snow particles witch
were not removed by gliding. This situation usually only happens with new transformed snow.
Coarse-grained snow seldom causes icing,
only slow skis from using too soft a wax.
There is another type of icing. In this case
there will be an almost invisible thin layer of ice
on the wax, creating both slippery and slow skis.
(Ice on top of snow is by no means an ideal condition). You might see some blank spots in the
kick zone. If you try to put on more wax it may
not work. You have to remove the ice and the ski
must be dry. Then try a harder wax.
11-07-08
14:10
Side 29
Swix Kick Waxes
Waxing near the Freezing Point
(0°C)
The most difficult and critical condition to wax
in is falling or new fallen snow at freezing.
There are no rules to handle this, but we can
give some general directions. The choice of wax
will, as always, depend upon snow consistency,
air humidity and temperature, and only small
variations within these parameters may cause
large differences in wax performance.
The most important factor is the snow consistency. If we have new or fine grained snow a klister will probably be too soft and cause icing.
A soft, hard wax is most often the best alternative. High air humidity is compensated for by
using even softer hard wax.
On more transformed snow, klister is a more
likely alternative. In between there are many variations and combinations that often involves klister covered with hard wax. The hard wax creates
a harder, less tacky surface, and reduces icing
in certain parts of the trail that have lower temperatures. The VR55 – VR75 waxes are most current at “zero-conditions”. VR70 is the only one
without “silver” and works well in glazed trails,
alone or in combinations with klister.
About V-Waxes
The V-line waxes are price sensitive.
Although they do not have any fluorine additives,
their raw materials are of very high quality.
The V-line includes all Swix classics,
which have won numerous medals over the last
60 years. They are still used from time to time at
the World Cup level. Swix “Blue Extra” still has
an extremely high reputation with World Cup
service personnel.
The difference in performance between
V- and VR-series is that the VR-waxes are more
flexible, covering a wider range of conditions.
VR-waxes contain fluorine additives and will provide better glide in all temperature ranges above
and below freezing. It should also be mentioned
that some V-waxes are slightly softer (warmer)
than the corresponding VR-waxes.
We recommend applying klister indoors; and if
possible, at room temperature. Klisters are softer
and much easier to handle in these conditions.
Tools like a waxing table, waxing profile, waxing
iron and heat gun will simplify the application
and give a better final result.
Always start by application of base klister.
KB20 makes an excellent binder. It is possible
to spray directly on the ski (look for more exact
application information on page 62 of this
manual).
KR20 can also be used. Heat the tube with
a heat gun. Apply a thin string on each side of
the groove. Then iron the klister into the base
(110°C). The iron might be put on edge passing
the base. This gives a more controlled and better
distribution of the klister. It should not enter the
groove or side edges only cover the sanded kick
zone. The klister could be corked afterwards to
remove any small irregularities. Let the klister
cool to room temperature before application of
the next layer.
As a mid layer we recommend KR30 or
KR40. The purpose of this layer is to “glue” the
klister you have selected preventing it from moving “backwards” and to improve wear. Heat the
tube and apply the klister in a thin layer in a
“fish-bone”-like pattern. The best way to smooth
the klister is to use the thumb, but you can also
use a synthetic cork. The heat gun could also be
used to soften the klister.
The last layer is today’s actual klister.
Like hard waxes, the klister is applied full length
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 30
Swix Kick Waxes
in the kick zone, but remember that klister
“builds” more than hard waxes. If you use the
same pair of skis on both hard wax and klister
conditions, you should wax somewhat shorter
when using klister. Also remember that it is the
top layer which gives most of the kick. This layer
should be thicker than the base and middle layers put together; therefore, be careful not to
apply the first layers too thick.
If you have to adjust your klister after an initial
snow test, be careful to remove all humidity from
the klister. Use a heat gun or hand, not an iron.
Moisture in the klister before reapplication will
cause an undesirable, grayish chewing gum like
consistency.
Tip:
If you want to mix two klisters, in the same layer,
you might apply every other string in fish bone
pattern and then smooth it out together.
”Orange skin pattern”
The term “orange skin” is used as a description
of the surface pattern of klister that has been
applied correctly. After testing your skis you
might recheck your klister application. If you
have satisfactory kick and observe many small
imprints (orange skin) in the surface, this is a
good indication that your klister is working.
This pattern is caused by snow particles that are
penetrating the surface of the klister and then
released when you start skiing. The imprints are
most visible when using the softer klisters (KR40,
KR60, KR70, K22n).
Covering Klisters with Hard Waxes
To reduce icing, klisters can be covered by hard
waxes. In order to do this, the klister must be
cold in order to apply the hard wax in an even
layer. Use at least three layers, carefully corked
in between each layer to cover the klister.
We want a distinct border between the two
different wax types.
The most actual klister subjects for covering
are KR40, KR50 and K21. The most actual hard
waxes used for covering are VR40, VR45,
VR50 and VR55. When covering klister, the hard
wax is often somewhat harder than the temperature should indicate. The reason is that a harder
wax gives a better icing protection.
KR40 is used on coarse grained snow
(transformed) snow and is a relatively aggressive
klister. Temperature should not fall too far below
freezing before we recommend covering with
VR40 or VR45.
KR50 is designed for changing conditions;
i.e. a mix of coarse grained and fine grained
snow with rising temperatures around freezing.
By cold temperatures KR50 could be covered
by VR40/VR45, around freezing VR50 and even
VR55 are actual waxes to make the klister less
tacky.
K21 can not handle cold temperatures.
KR50 is tackier. K21n works well down to
-3°C/-4°C, but works better than KR50 in
moist/wet mixed conditions or on icey trails
around freezing. Current waxes for covering
K21n are VR45, VR50, VR55 or VR60.
Tip:
Covering klister with hard wax should take place
outdoors after the skis have adjusted to the
outside temperature. Do not use too much
pressure on either wax or cork, it is better to
apply more thin layers of wax.
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 31
Swix Kick Waxes
Swix Racing Service Team in action - Terje Smedvold og Ole Bjørn Tretterud.
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 32
Swix Kick Waxes
VR-LINE HARD WAXES
New fallen snow
-7°C to -20°C (19°F to -4°F)
New fallen snow
+2°C to 0°C (36°F to 32°F)
Old, transformed snow
-10°C to -30°C (14°F to -22°F)
0°C to -3°C (32°F to 27°F)
VR30 LIGHT BLUE
VR55 SILVER/VIOLET
Designed for cold to extremely cold conditions.
For moist snow around freezing and for older,
more coarse snow just below freezing.
Perfect balance between kick and glide.
New fallen snow
-2°C to -8°C (28°F to 18°F)
New fallen snow
+2°C to 0°C (36°F to 32°F)
-4°C to -12°C (25°F to 10°F)
+1°C to -2°C (34°F to 28°F)
VR40 BLUE
VR60 SILVER
For normal, subfreezing temperatures.
Designed for wet snow with little water content.
When used below freezing high humidity and
transformed snow is required.
New fallen snow
0°C to -4°C (32°F to 25°F)
New fallen snow
+3°C to 0°C (38°F to 32°F)
-2°C to -8°C (28°F to 18°F)
+1°C to -1°C (34°F to 30°F)
VR45 FLEXI
VR65 RED/YELLOW/SILVER
Light violet. A flexible wax for temperatures
around freezing and colder.
New recipe with better kick.
A great kick wax! Used on fresh- and moist to
moderately wet snow.
New fallen snow
+1°C to -2°C (34°F to 28°F)
New fallen snow
+3°C to +1°C (38°F to 34°F)
0°C to -5°C (32°F to 23°F)
+2°C to 0°C (36°F to 32°F)
VR50 VIOLET
VR70 KLISTERWAX
Designed for moist to dry snow around freezing
0°C (32°F). When used below freezing high
humidity and transformed snow is required.
New recipe without silver.
Red. For wet and moist new snow. Works also
on wet transformed snow down to 0°C (32°F).
Apply thicker if very wet.
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 33
Swix Kick Waxes
VR-LINE HARD WAXES
New fallen snow
+2°C to +5°C (36°F to 41°F)
VR75 KLISTERWAX SOFT
Yellow. For wet snow, glazy tracks.
Must be applied evenly. To be used in
tracks only.
V-LINE HARD WAXES
New fallen snow
-8°C to -15°C (18°F to 5°F)
New fallen snow
0°C (32°F)
-10°C to -18°C (12°F to 0°F)
-1°C to -3°C (30°F to 27°F)
V20 GREEN
V50 VIOLET
New fallen snow
-2°C to -10°C (28°F to 14°F)
New fallen snow
+1°C to 0°C (34°F to 32°F)
-5°C to -15°C (23°F to 5°F)
0°C to -2°C (32°F to 28°F)
V30 BLUE
V55 RED SPECIAL
New fallen snow
-1°C to -7°C (30°F to 19°F)
New fallen snow
+3°C to 0°C (38°F to 32°F)
-3°C to -10°C (27°F to 12°F)
+1°C to -1°C (34°F to 30°F)
V40 BLUE EXTRA
V60 RED/SILVER
New fallen snow
0°C to -3°C (32°F to 27°F)
TIP:
-2°C to -6°C (28°F to 21°F)
On older, transformed snow you wax
softer than on fresh, new snow at the
same temperature.
V45 VIOLET SPECIAL
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 34
Swix Kick Waxes
KR-LINE KRYSTAL KLISTERS
Frozen corn (old) snow
Wet corn snow
KR20 BASE KLISTER
KR40 COARSE SNOW KLISTER
Green Base Klister.
-3°C to -25°C (27°F to -13°F).
This is mainly a Base Klister and has
high resistance against ice and hard
coarse snow. To be used as the first
layer for better adhesion of the other
klisters to the base. Always apply
indoors with a waxing iron appr.
110°C (230°F). Only cover the sanded grip zone. Heat the tube slightly
for easier application. By “edging”
the waxing iron you get a controlled
equal distribution of the klister.
Violet Klister for coarse snow.
+2°C to -7°C (36°F to 19°F).
Violet klister is an excellent klister for
older coarse snow working on both
sides of freezing. It is meant more
for the cold side, but also functions
well in wet conditions provided the
snow is coarse. It has properties
almost like a “Universal Klister”.
KR40 has become popular in World
Cup Racing.
Tip: Applied thinly with a waxing
iron it is a good base for VR50 and
VR45 in older snow.
KR30 ICE KLISTER
Blue ice klister.
0°C to -15°C (32°F to 5°F).
For coarse snow/hard tracks and
icy conditions. Is excellent on hard
packed coarse cold snow, but can
also be an alternative to KR20 as
base klister. It is easier to apply than
KR20. It is also often used as the
“in between” klister on top of KR20.
KR30 is rarely used as the last layer
in a ski race due to the preparation
of the tracks. For general skiing on
cold mornings after it has been wet
the day before, it is a highly useful
product.
www.swixschool.com
Frozen corn snow
Transformed moist
fine grained snow
Wet corn snow
KR50 FLEXI KLISTER
Violet Flexi klister.
+3°C to -4°C ( 37°F to 25°F).
Flexi differs from the other klisters by
being made for more varied snow,
from fine to coarse. The ideal range
is slightly on the colder side, but
gives also grip above freezing.(32F).
It is the klister that can take the most
fine grained snow of all klisters in
the market. The reason is that KR50
contains silver. Compared to KR21N
Silver Universal it is slightly harder
and can thus take colder and more
finegrained snow.
11-07-08
14:10
Side 35
Swix Kick Waxes
KB20 GREEN BASE KLISTER SPRAY
First klister layer to be applied.
To be used with regular klister on top,
or aerosol Quick Klister. For Racing,
Sport and Recreation. New spray
noozle for upside down application
that gives better control and less
waste. The new spray nozzle makes
it easy to apply a thin layer of base
klister with only one stroke. 70 ml.
Transformed moist
fine grained snow
Wet corn snow
Frozen corn snow
Wet corn snow
K22N VM UNIVERSAL
KLISTER
+10°C to -3°C (50°F to 27°F).
For coarse, granular snow
changing from wet to crust.
K22N VM Universal functions
best in wet coarse snow. In
Racing it can be positioned
between KR60 and KR70.
Remember to apply Base
klister.
KR60 VARIO KLISTER
– New recipe!
Red Klister for wet to moist snow.
0°C to 5°C (32°F to 41°F).
For changeable conditions right
around freezing with the ideal range
on the warm side. KR60 comes this
year with a new recipe tested in
World Cup with excellent results!
KR60 takes over when KR40
becomes slippery. It works in moist,
medium coarse to coarse snow up
to appr. +5°C (41°F).
Wet corn snow
KR70 AQUA KLISTER
Dark Red klister for wet coarse
snow +2°C (36°F) and warmer.
Used when the snow has a high
water content such as slush.
The KR70 is the softest among the
Swix klisters and will thus handle
coarse wet snow the best.
Frozen corn snow
Transformed moist
fine grained snow
Wet corn snow
K21N SILVER UNIVERSAL
+3°C to -5°C (37°F to 23°F).
For mixed wet and dry snow
conditions (fine/medium
coarse) to coarse, moist
snow. Can be used on both
sides of freezing but is more
used on finer snow than K22
VM Universal. K21N is somewhat softer than KR50 FLEXI
and gives better grip when it
gets warmer and has thus a
wider range than KR50.
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 36
How to get good glide and great kick Try Swix School at
www.swixschool.com
Always available and free of charge!
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 37
Post-Treatment of New Skis
POST-TREATMENT OF NEW SKIS OR NEWLY STONE GROUND SKIS
Skis put through a stone grinder need accurate follow-up treatment for optimum performance. This process
depends partly on the type of pattern given to the base.
Cold snow patterns need more extensive treatment than wet snow patterns. It is very critical that all
micro-burrs are removed from the base in cold snow conditions. This means that the work performed using
Fibertex polishing, back and forth on the base has to be repeated many times more on a cold snow ski with
finer structure than on a wet snow ski with a coarser structure.
1.
Start by waxcleaning. It may be some dirt
left from the stone grinding. Saturate the
base with a relatively soft wax (CH10).
The temperature of the waxing iron should
be regulated to be hot enough to give
immediate melting of the wax.
Approximately 115°C (235°F).
2.
Scrape off after cooling to room temperature
(5-10 minutes), and brush with a Medium
Coarse Bronze Brush (T162) or Steel Brush
(T179).
3.
Saturate the base with a relatively soft wax
(CH10). The temperature of the waxing iron
should be regulated to be hot enough to
give immediate melting of the wax.
Approximately 115°C (235°F).
4.
Start at the ski tip and move the iron in
one continuous motion toward the tail.
This technique prevents overheating
the base.
Let ski cool down approx. 5 minutes.
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 38
5.
Apply CH10, iron in, and wait 5 minutes.
Repeat four times. No scraping in between.
6.
(5-10 minutes).
7.
Use the Medium Coarse Bronze Brush (T162)
or Steel Brush (T179). Use the brush in tip to
tail direction, approx. 5-10 times.
8.
Apply the harder LF6. Iron temperature
approx. 140°C (280°F).
9.
(5-10 minutes).
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 39
10.
Brush with the Bronze Brush (T162) or
Steel Brush (T179) approx.
10-20 times.
11.
Use Purple Fibertex (T266N) to cut micro
burrs. 20-25 strokes back and forth.
12.
Apply LF6 for the second time. Iron in.
Let cool for 5-10 minutes. Scrape and brush.
13.
Use White Fibertex (T266). 20-25 strokes.
14.
Saturate the base with CH10/BP88 if it is a
“wet” snow ski or with CH8/CH7 if it is a “cold”
snow ski. The temperature of the waxing iron
to be approximately 115°C/125°C
(235°F/250°F). Wait 5 minutes. Apply four
times. Iron in. No scraping in between. Scrape
off and brush with Bronze (T162) or Oval
Bronze (T182) 10 strokes.
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 40
NEW SNOW
WAX CHART
Use HFBW waxes on:
• New snow mixed
with older snow
• Dirty snow
www.swixschool.com
OLD SNOW
11-07-08
14:10
Side 41
Glide-Waxing
Glide-Waxing
Practical Application of CH, LF and HF Waxes
This is a general description of the methods and procedures used by servicemen on top level.
1.
Scrape off the travel wax applied after the last
race or training. Use the Plexi scraper (T824)
and the groove scraper (T88).
2.
Brush with the Bronze Medium Coarse
Brush (T162) or Steel Brush (T179).
20 repetitions from tip to tail, to “open”
the base and remove surface oxidation.
3.
Apply the actual wax for today’s conditions.
Use the iron, dripping wax on both sides of
the groove.
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 42
Glide-Waxing
4.
The waxes should easily melt, but the temperature must not be so high that smoke
develops. Keep the iron in steady motion
from tip to tail. Repeat 2-3 times. Let the ski
cool off to room temperature.
5.
Don’t forget to remove all excess-wax
in the groove and on the sides with a
scraper (T87 or T88). We recommend scraping the groove before the base to protect
the surface in case the groove scraper slips
and makes scratches.
6.
If the actual waxes are hard, brittle like
CH4/CH6, LF4/LF6 or HF4/HF6, scrape off
most of the wax before it becomes solid.
After the ski has cooled off, continue scraping using a sharp Plexi scraper (T823).
Other waxes like CH7/CH8/CH10,
LF7/LF8/LF10 or HF7/HF8/HF10 are scraped
when the ski has cooled off to room temperature, 5 minutes.
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 43
Glide-Waxing
7.
Brush the base with the Bronze Medium
Coarse Brush (T162) or Steel Brush (T179).
8.
Do the final brushing and polishing with
the Blue Nylon Polish Brush (T160).
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 44
Powder, Solid Turbo and Liquid
Cera F Powder Application Tips
Base Pretreatment
Before Cera F is applied, the base is treated with
the wax matching the day’s conditions. The higher the fluoro content in the wax (such as HF),
the better the Cera F is bonded to the base.
Scraping and thorough brushing is required
before applying Cera F.
Brushing
Before brushing allow the skis to cool for about
5 minutes. Use the Swix Nylon Brush (T194) or
Wildboar Brush (T164/T198). No scraping is
needed.
Finish with the Swix Polishing Brush (T160).
All final brushing is done in a direction from tip
to tail.
Application of powder by corking
Application by ironing
When there is a need for Cera F to stay on
the base for a long time, as in distances above
5 km, Cera F should be applied with an iron.
First the powder is distributed evenly on the
base. A 30 gram container will be enough for
approximately 4 pairs of classic skis, or 3 pairs
of skating skis.
The recommended temperature setting on
the iron is 155°C (310°F) for FC7.
The recommended temperature for ironing
FC8 and FC10 is 150°C (300°F).
When ironing FC8 and FC10 only one continuous pass of the iron is needed. Make one pass
with the iron on each side of the groove.
The movement of the iron should be approximately 4-5 seconds from tip to tail (skating ski).
When using FC7, the “hardest” powder,
after approximately 5 minutes, the powder is
“brushed up“ (not brushed away) by using a
back and forth scrubbing motion with the stiff
Black Nylon Brush (T194/T199). Afterwards,
make another single pass with the iron.
See page 46-49 for “Step by Step Application”.
www.swixschool.com
This applies to short sprint cross country races
of about 2 to 5 km.
The powder is distributed evenly on the base.
Less is used than when ironing. Use the Swix
Synthetic Cork (T0010), or Swix Natural Cork
(T0020), or Swix Cera F Polisher (T154). Use firm
back and forth pressure to create heat to form
a waxy layer. Next “brush-up” the powder with
a Horsehair Brush (T157), and then cork into
the base once again. Finish by brushing with
the Swix Horsehair Brush (T157), and then
the Swix Polishing Brush (T160).
Application by Roto corking
Some teams prefer this method as it saves the
ski somewhat from the very hot irons. Has also
given excellent results re. Glide. See page 50
for “Step by Step Application”.
Use a separate brush for Cera F to
avoid the mix with other waxes in
the finishing layer.
11-07-08
14:10
Side 45
SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS
o Wax room ventilation. Make the extra effort to see that the area
where you work on skis has exhaust fans and fresh air supply.
Race organizers usually give the location for working on race
equipment too low a priority, and often the waxing areas have
little or no ventilation.
o Do not expose waxes to open flames such as from a waxing torch,
heat guns, space heaters, fire places, etc. Do not smoke cigarettes
while waxing with fluorocarbon or fluorinated hydrocarbon waxes.
In fact, don’t smoke at all! There is a chemical danger associated
with fluorocarbon waxes when they are overheated. If fluorocarbon
waxes are exposed to a heat source having a temperature higher
than approximately 300°C (570°F), the fluorocarbon material
disintegrates developing a poisonous gas. Normal iron temperatures
will not cause a harmful breakdown of Swix waxes.
o When using power brushes for brushing waxes a substantial amount
of wax “dust” particles occur. To prevent inhalation of the particles
use a “particle” mask. This can be the paper-type used in wood
working.
o Use safety glasses when power brushing.
o If you question the quality of the waxes you are using, or feel that
your exposure amount to waxing is extensive, use a respirator mask.
It should be a cartridge type for filtering organic vapors. This type of
mask is important to use when doing base repair with a burning
polyethylene repair candle or base welder.
o Be aware of the type of base cleaner you are using. Have good
ventilation. And dispose of the rags or Fiberlene properly.
o The addition of fluorocarbon materials into the hardwaxes and
klisters means they must not be exposed to open flames of any type.
Waxing torches should not be used for application or removal of
fluorinated kick waxes. During application the warming-in of the wax
with an iron is acceptable. Use a solvent for removal.
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 46
RECOMMENDED USAGE OF
FC78 SUPER CERA F POWDER WITH IRON
A standard package of 30 grams normally is enough to wax 3 pairs of free-technique
skis (skating skis) or 4 pairs of classical skis (tip and tail waxing). A sufficient layer of
powder has to be applied. If the layer is too thin, the high temperature of the iron may
damage or destroy the base.
Before the application of Cera F, the skis need to be waxed with the traditional wax
for the day’s conditions. This will act as a base layer for the Cera F you are about to
apply. Follow steps 3 to 9 given in the section “Glide-Waxing”, pages 41-43.
When applying FC78, it is very important to use a high quality waxing iron. We only
recommend our T72 iron. The T72 with its high quality and advanced thermostat will
help prevent damage to your ski base from an Iron that is too hot.
1.
Distribute the Cera F powder in an even
layer. Apply enough powder to protect the
ski base from the high temperature of the
iron and allow penetration into the base
material.
2.
Move the iron in one continuous pass on
each side of the groove. Recommended iron
temperature for FC78 is 165°C. The velocity
of the iron corresponds to a time of approximately 4-5 seconds for one ski (skating ski).
Important:
The powder will not completely melt and the
base might look partly white after this initial
treatment.
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 47
3.
Brush the powder up but not away from the
base with the Black Stiff Nylon Brush (T194).
4.
Iron the powder once more as described in
#2. Let the ski cool down. You might still see
white spots, but they are less than after the
first pass with the iron.
5.
Brush with the Stiff Nylon Brush (T194),
10 strokes, and continue with the Wild Boar
Brush (T164), 10 strokes.
6.
Finish with the Blue Nylon Brush (T160),
3-4 strokes.
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 48
48 SWIX SPORT TECH MANUAL
RECOMMENDED USAGE OF
CERA F POWDER WITH IRON
A standard package of 30 grams normally is enough to wax 3 pairs
of free-technique skis (skating skis) or 4 pairs of classical skis
(tip and tail waxing). A sufficient layer of powder has to be applied.
If the layer is too thin, the high temperature of the iron might
destroy the base.
Before the application of Cera F, the skis have to be waxed with
the actual, traditional wax for today’s conditions. Follow steps 3 to
9 given in the section “Glide-Waxing For Today’s Competition”.
1.
Distribute the Cera F powder evenly on the
base. Don’t forget to apply enough powder to
protect the base from direct contact with the
iron.
2.
Move the iron in one continuous pass from tip
to tail on each side of the groove.
Recommended iron temperature setting
for FC7 is 155°C.
For FC8 the temperature setting should be
approx. 150°C. One pass with the iron from tip
to tail takes approx. 5 seconds.
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 49
SWIX SPORT TECH MANUAL 49
3.
After cooling to room temperature (5 min.)
brush the powder up from the base with the
Stiff Black Nylon Brush (T194). 10 strokes.
NOTE:
FC7 should be ironed twice: Brush the powder
up (not away) with the T194 brush and iron
once more. Wait 5 minutes and brush away with
the same brush, T194. FC7 can first be carefully
scraped with a Plexi scraper because this powder
is much harder to remove than the other
powders.
4.
Continue with the Wild Boar Brush (T164).
10 strokes.
5.
Finish with the Blue Nylon Brush (T160).
3 - 4 strokes.
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 50
CERA F POWDER ROTO CORK APPLICATION
The initial steps before Cera F Roto Corking are the same as for the ironing in method of Cera F.
It is recommended to have one separate T18C Roto Cork for ea tch different Cera F. Roto corks can
be cleaned by setting in drill at high speed and then apply handbrush T162B Bronze towards the cork.
Cera F apllied with Roto Cork is sometimes applied on top of ironed and brushed Cera F as
a “topping”.
1.
Apply Cera F evenly. You can “fix” the
powder to the base by using a waxing iron
temperature of 150°F (300°F) by quickly
going over, approx. 3 seconds.
2.
Use the T18C Roto Cork at a speed of
approx. 1.000-1.500 RPM. Start from the tip
and work the Cera F into the base by moving
the drill back and forth approx. a foot at a
time as you work your way towards the tail.
Use light pressure.
3.
Use the 16M Horsehair Roto Brush with
speed 1.500 RPM. Start from the tip and
move back and forth approx. a foot at a time
towards the tail. (OBS! Do not use the same
brush as for standard waxes.) Use light pressure. You can also use a Horsehair HandBrush (T157). 10 strokes.
4.
Finish with the T17W Soft Nylon Roto Brush.
Twice in one continuous pass from tip to tail
in four to five seconds. (OBS! Do not use the
same brush as on standard waxes.) Use light
pressure. You can also use a Blue Nylon
Hand-Brush (T160/T186). 3 - 4 strokes.
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 51
CERA F TURBO ROTO CORK APPLICATION
1.
Rub on an even layer.
2.
approx. 1.500 RPM. Start from the tip and
work the Cera F into the base by moving
Use light pressure.
3.
Use the 16M Horsehair Roto Brush with
speed 1.500 RPM. Start from the tip and
move back and forth approx. a foot at a time
towards the tail. (OBS! Do not use the same
brush as for standard waxes.) Use light pressure. You can also use a Horsehair HandBrush (T157). 10 strokes.
4.
Finish with the T17W Soft Nylon Roto Brush.
Twice in one continuous pass from tip to tail
in four to five seconds. (OBS! Do not use the
same brush as on standard waxes.) Use light
pressure. You can also use a Blue Nylon
Hand-Brush (T160/T186). 3 - 4 strokes.
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 52
CERA F TURBO HAND CORK APPLICATION
1.
Rub on an even layer.
2. a
Cork in with a Natural Cork (T20).
2. b
Or the Combi Cork/Brush (T196).
Approx. 20 strokes.
3.
Brush with the Blue Nylon Brush (T196 or
T160/T186). Approx. 10 strokes.
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 53
FC8A ROCKET ROTO CORK APPLICATION
1.
Spray on the FC8A by moving the bottle
along both sides of the groove while
pressing the button. Keep the nozzle
4-5 cm above the base.
Let dry for approximately 5 minutes.
2.
Work the liquid into the base with the Roto
Cork (T18C). 1000-1500 rpm. Work from tip
to tail moving the drill back and forth.
Do not press too hard.
3.
Finish with the Blue Nylon Brush (T160/T186).
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 54
Structure
FC8A ROCKET HAND CORK APPLICATION
1.
Spray on the FC8A by moving the bottle
along both sides of the groove while pressing the button. Keep the nozzle 4-5 cm
above the base.
Let dry approximately 5 minutes.
2.
Work the liquid into the base with a Natural
Cork (T20) or Combi Cork/Brush (T196).
15-25 strokes.
3.
Finish with the Blue Nylon Brush (T160/T186
or T196). 5 strokes.
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 55
Structure
CERA F LIQUID ROTO CORK APPLICATION
1.
Apply with Fiberlene or felt applicator.
Let dry for 5 minutes.
2.
approx. 1.000-1.500 RPM. Start from the tip
and work the Cera F into the base by moving
Use light pressure.
3.
Brush with the Wild Boar Brush (T164) alt.
Horsehair Brush (T157). Approx. 10 strokes.
4.
5 strokes.
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 56
CERA F LIQUID HAND CORK APPLICATION
1.
Apply with Fiberlene or felt applicator.
2.
Cork in with a Natural Cork (T20) or
the Combi Cork/Brush (T196).
15 - 25 strokes.
3.
Finish with the Blue Nylon (T196 or
T160/T186). 10 - 15 strokes
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 57
CERA F LIQUID IRON APPLICATION
1.
Apply with Fiberlene or felt applicator twice.
2.
Two passes with the iron. 3 - 4 seconds.
Wait 5 minutes for the ski to cool down.
3.
Brush with the Wild Boar Brush (T164).
Approx. 10 strokes.
4.
5 strokes.
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 58
The following describes a technique used to
provide kick with less chance of icing during
freshly fallen moist snow, or falling snow, at 0°C.
For these special snow conditions, the temperature calls for soft (warm temperature) waxes,
but the snow crystals are sharp and wanting to
“catch” in the wax causing icing.
Most ski companies now have special
“0 degree” racing skis that have various types of
“mechanical” base material in the grip zone for
providing grip during these difficult snow conditions. However, by using the following technique,
normal skis can be modified to accomplish the
same result. When all attempts to find the correct
wax fail, it is then time to try the abrading
method. Keep in mind that during longer races
(30km, 50km) the snow conditions can change
whereby the abrading method for kick can start
to fail.
Choice Of Skis
Normally medium stiffness is recommended.
When conditions are experienced where abrading is considered, the normal wax would be a
soft kick wax (klisterwax) or a thin layer of klister
like KR50 covered with a kick wax. The skis that
are going to be used should fit this type of wax
and snow condition. If the skis are too stiff it will
be difficult to get grip. If they are too soft the skis
will drag and be slow. Ideally, you should have
one pair of skis used just for abrading.
The Process
The kick zone needs to be completely cleaned
of any kick wax. Start by using #60 grit sandpaper. The sandpaper type should be silicon carbide or aluminum oxide. The sandpaper should
be wrapped around a waxing cork or something
www.swixschool.com
similar. Abrade at an angle of approximately
45 degrees on each side of the groove.
Use short back and forth strokes with firm pressure. You want to create a fishbone angle pointing in the forward movement direction of the ski.
Next repeat the procedure using #80 grit sandpaper with firm pressure. Under special
(extreme) conditions when the track gets hard
and glazed, you may need to use #40 and #60
grit sandpaper. You will need even harder sanding pressure with these grits. The base will look
like it has been cut with a sharp tool. Later, even
after stone grinding, you will still detect patterns
from abrading. This is a reason for having a pair
of skis reserved for this method.
After Treatment
When you are finished with the sandpaper treatment, it can help to go over the sanded area
lightly with a blow torch (1 to 2 seconds).
This is to burn the fine hairs created by abrading
in order to reduce the risk of icing.
Next you need to impregnate the abraded
area with glide wax. Usually Cera F (FC8) is
used. Thoroughly work the powder into the
abraded area. An alternative is to use FC8A
Rocket, liquid Cera F. Use enough to thoroughly
saturate the zone and “massage” it well into the
base.
Keep in mind that abrading needs to be
repeated each time the technique is used since
the sharp abraded pattern will wear down.
Also the abraded area needs to be rewaxed following each treatment.
11-07-08
14:10
Side 59
1
3
2
SANDING
PAPER
SANDING
PAPER
#60 Coarse
Abrasive
#80 Medium
Coarse Abrasive
55 cm/60 cm
55 cm/60 cm
4
“Massage” well
into the base!
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 60
Grip waxes are available in many different consistencies (hardness and tackiness)
meaning different application methods are essential for the best results. Hard waxes
for colder snow temperatures (VR30-VR50 and V05-V45) are easier to apply than
the softer, warmer ones (VR55-VR75 and V50-V60); but a few simple tricks make it
easy to use the soft waxes.
HARD WAXES (0°C and colder)
1.
Sand the grip zone with #100 grit paper (T330
Sand Paper or T11 Combi Sanding Block)
approximately 60-65 cm. Wipe off dirt and
base residue with Fiberlene (T150). We recommend sanding only in the tip to tail direction of the ski to prevent rounding-off of the
side-edges. Sanding should always take place
AFTER treatment of the glide zones, to avoid
getting glide wax/powder into the kick zone.
2.
Apply a thin layer of base wax (VG35) in
the kick zone.
3.
Iron and let the wax cool off for a few minutes.
4.
Apply a layer of V30 Blue (or V40 Blue Extra).
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 61
5.
Swiftly move the warm iron over the kickzone once more. This wax layer should
melt on top of the base wax and not mix
with it. Let cool off and cork out.
6.
Select the actual kick wax of the day. Apply
4-8 thin layers, cork between each layer.
NOTE:
It is possible to build the layers like a “pyramid”,
applying thinner and thinner layers, ending up
with the thickest layer under the foot.
Tip 1: Try not to apply the wax with thick layers. You will get a better result
by applying more thin layers than fewer thick ones.
Tips 2: When corking in the hard wax do not apply too much pressure.
You will have better performance from your kick wax if you leave some
“structure or texture” in the wax.
Tips 3: Apply the first layers indoors, but it is always an advantage to apply
the last layers outdoors. Let the ski adjust to the air temperature outside
before testing.
SOFT WAXES (0°C and warmer)
Base wax is applied the same way as described in points 1 to 5 above.
As an alternative, points 2 and 3 could be substituted with Application of
Base Klister (page 62 in this manual).
Try to apply the layers of wax as thin as possible. Softer kick waxes will
naturally be thicker than when using harder waxes; therefore, it is normal to
apply fewer layers of soft waxes.
Tip 1: The colder the wax, the more easy the application. Apply outdoors or
put the wax in the fridge or the snow before application.
Tips 2: Soft waxes are easier to cork out using a new cork. If you cork too
hard you risk the wax getting a “chewing gum consistency”.
Consequently, use light pressure and more strokes.
Tips 3: Cork to an exact, even layer. This way the risk of icing-up is greatly
reduced.
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 62
Application of Base Klister
APPLICATION OF BASE KLISTER (KB20)
1.
Sand the grip zone with #100 grit paper
(T330 Sand Paper or T11 Combi Sanding
Block) approx. 60-65 cm. Wipe off dirt and
base residue with Fiberlene (T150). We recommend sanding only along the length of the
ski to prevent rounding of the ski side-edges.
Sanding should always take place AFTER
treatment of the glide zones, to avoid getting
glide wax/powder into the kick zone.
2.
Fasten a small piece of tape at the end of
each kick zone to prevent any klister in the
glide zones.
3.
Apply the base klister by holding the bottle
upside-down and move it slowly along the ski
on both sides of the groove.
Distance between base and nozzle should
be 4-5 cm.
4.
Use the forefinger to remove klister in
the groove.
5.
Then carefully use your thumb on each side
of the groove to smooth out the klister. It is
important that you smooth out the klister
immediately after spraying.
Remove the tape and let the klister dry for
2-3 minutes. The ski is now ready for the next
klister/wax layer (step 4 and 5 page 63).
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 63
APPLICATION OF KLISTERS
1.
Sand the kick zone with #100 grit paper
(T330 Sand Paper or T11 Combi Sanding
Block). Approx. 60-65 cm.
Always do the sanding after the glidezones are all finished and brushed to avoid
getting glidewax like Cera F powder into the
kick zone. The kick zone for klister in top racing is generally about the same as for hard
wax, somewhat longer than many realize.
2.
Apply the first layer of klister very thin,
just covering the sandpapered area.
KR20 or KB20 is a strong and durable klister
normally selected as a base for KR30, KR40,
KR50, KR60 and KR70. KR30 can also be
used as the first layer of klister, i.e. as a base
for KR60 or KR70 in wet snow conditions.
3.
Iron the first layer of klister carefully into the
ski base. Thereby a much better contact is
achieved between klister and ski.
Let the ski cool.
4.
Apply the middle layer of klister. KR40 and
KR30 are the most used. Apply it in a fish
bone pattern. Use a heatgun lightly to
soften it, and rub it in with the thumb to
an even layer.
5.
Select and apply the klister of the day.
Use a heatgun lightly and rub it in with the
thumb to an even layer. Scrape the groove
with the Groovescraper (T88).
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 64
After the Race
After the Race
GLIDE SECTION/SKATING SKIS
1.
Brush with the fine Steel Brush (T192N) or with
the Steel Brush (T179R) approx. 10-20 times.
The fine steel brush will clean the base and
structure efficiently.
2.
Apply the travel wax: The most likely wax to
be used in the next race. National Teams use
often HF8 or LF8. BP88 is also an alternative.
Iron in.
THE USE OF GLIDE WAX CLEANER (I84)
1.
Brush lightly with the Steel Brush (T179R).
2.
Moisten a piece of Fiberlene (T150) and apply
to the glide zone of the base.
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 65
After the Race
3.
Rub forward and backward a few times with
a Nylon Brush (T161B).
4.
Wipe off as much as possible with Fiberlene
(T150).
Let the ski dry for 5-10 minutes.
5.
Brush firmly with the Steel Brush (T179R).
The ski is now ready for application of new
glide wax.
KICK SECTION
1.
Remove as much as possible using a scraper
(T87 or T85).
2.
The remainder is taken away with wax
remover and Fiberlene (T0150). Don’t forget
the sides and the tops of the skis.
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 66
After the Race
Base Cleaners and Accessories
for Removal of Hard Waxes,
Klisters and Glide Waxes
Waxes and klisters to a high degree consist
of water-resistant, inert, tough stable materials.
This means that they are also difficult to remove
from the ski base. Solvents are necessary for
thorough base cleaning.
Swix Base Cleaner and Swix Citrus Solvent
are both formulated to minimize health and fire
hazards.
Traditional solvents like trichlorethylene or
methylenechloride were frequently used as
solvents for oil, fat and also waxes. These high
aromatic solvents, however, are considered
as health hazards and should be avoided.
They are not found in the Swix wax removers.
SWIX BASE CLEANER
The active ingredient in the
500 ml (I0064) and 1 liter
(I0067) is a low aromatic
hydrocarbon with good
solvent capacity.
CLEANER FOR FLUOR
GLIDE WAX / CONDITIONER
FOR RACING SKIS (I0084)
Makes the ski faster!
Cleaner for fluoro glide wax
and CH wax. Solves fluoro
components, improves glide
and conditions the base.
For glide sections on all racing
skis and snowboards.
500 ml/17.5 fl. oz.
SWIX CITRUS SOLVENT
(I0074)
500 ml Citrus Solvent is a
100% citrus-based product,
which also is a strong solvent.
FIBERLENE CLEANING TOWEL,
50 m (T0150).
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
14:10
Side 67
Swix Waxing Tables and Profiles
SWIX WAXING TABLES AND PROFILES
To secure good waxing results it is mandatory to have the right working conditions:
Good light and stable waxing benches.
SWIX CROSS COUNTRY
ADJUSTABLE PROFILE (T0793)
mounted with legs (T0079-1).
• Turns your profile into a traveling
wax bench.
• Ideal for the traveling racer and
coach.
• Provides great stability.
• Use alone on your existing wax
bench or with legs (T0079-1).
• Compact, fits into your ski bag.
• Adjustable length.
• Locks into the skibinding.
SWIX WAXING TABLE (T0076) mounted with profile (T0771),
skiholder (T0076SH) and waxing light (T0076WL).
www.swixschool.com
11-07-08
PR0823E • ENGLISH
14:10
Side 68

Swix Nordic Ski Prep Racing

Transcription

Similar documents

What`s In Your Pack?

Monitoring Forest Carnivores Via Snow Track Surveys in the

Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs

864-3083 annelore@mts.net www.bluelagoonorganics Happy

Get fit now and enjoy your ski or snowboard holiday with

APPENDIX 1b - De La Salle College

Snow Tubing Night A Benefit Fundraiser for Home Base Ride the

Donzi 38` Cabin ZSF

Gudauri - SkiData

AGATHE SNOW`S “COYOTE UGLY” AT ALBERTZ BENDA