21st Plenary Session

Transcription

English
COMITE INTERNATIONAL DE COORDINATION POUR LA SAUVEGARDE ET LE DEVELOPPEMENT DU SITE HISTORIQUE D'ANGKOR
INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR
PLENARY SESSION
Co-chaired by
Mr. Jean-Claude Poimbœuf
Mr. Yuji Kumamaru
Ambassador
Ambassador
Embassy of France
Embassy of Japan
Siem Reap – 4 December 2014 – APSARA National Authority
TWENTY-FIRST PLENARY SESSION – DECEMBER 2014
STANDING SECRETARIAT
UNESCO Office
Adress:
38, bd Samdech Sothearos
PO Box 29
Phnom Penh
Cambodia
Tel:
(855) (23) 426 726
(855) (23) 723 054 / 725 071
(855) (12) 556 277
(855) (16) 831 520
Fax:
(855) (23) 426 163 / 217 022
Email:
p.delanghe@unesco.org
cskacacya@gmail.com
Standing Secretariat
In Paris
Mr. Azedine Beschaouch
Permanent Scientific Secretary
In Phnom Penh
Mr. Philippe Delanghe
Mrs. Chau Sun Kérya (APSARA)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I- OPENING SESSION ....................................................................... 6
I.1 Statement by the Japanese Co-chairperson, His Excellency Mr. Yuji Kumamaru,
Ambassador of Japan in Cambodia .............................................................................. 6
I.2 Statement by the representative of the royal government of Cambodia, His
Excellency Dr. Sok An, Deputy Prime Minister, president of the APSARA National Authority 8
II- ACTIVITY REPORTS .................................................................. 10
II.1 ICC-Angkor Scientific Standing Secretariat activity report and follow up of
Recommendations, by Professor Azedine Beschaouch, ICC-Angkor Scientific Secretary .... 10
II.2 APSARA National Authority general activity report, by His Excellency Mr. Bun
Narith, Director-General........................................................................................... 10
II.3 Activity report of the Department of Conservation, Monuments and Archaeology
(DCMA), by Dr. Ly Vanna, Director of DCMA, APSARA National Authority ....................... 13
II.4 Heritage Management Framework implementation report: the Risk Map
component, by His Excellency Dr. Hang Peou, project chief and Deputy Director General,
APSARA National Authority ....................................................................................... 15
III- NEW FINDINGS AND DEVELOPMENTS ..................................... 16
A.
CONSERVATION RESTORATION AND RESEARCH ........................................... 16
III.1 New archaeological discoveries at Koh Ker, by Dr. Ea Darith, Deputy Director,
Department of Conservation of Monuments Outside Angkor Park, APSARA National
Authority 16
III.2 Progress of the Remote Sensing for the Environment of the Angkor Site Project,
by Mr Tianhua Hong, Executive Deputy Director of the HIST (International Centre on Space
Technologies for Natural and Cultural Heritage) Category II Centre ............................... 17
III.3 New project proposal: Safeguarding the temple of Banteay Thom, by His
Excellency Mr. Ros Borath, Deputy Director General, APSARA National Authority, on behalf
of Mr. Sébastien Appert, Architect ............................................................................. 19
General discussion ............................................................................................ 21
B.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ..................................................................... 21
III.4 Assessment of the implementation of the second phase of the APSARA-NewZealand Angkor Community Heritage And Economic Advancement Project (ACHA) and
initiation of Phase III, by His Excellency Mr. Khuon Khun-Neay, Deputy Director General,
APSARA National Authority ....................................................................................... 21
III.5 Assessment of the implementation of the Green Belt Project, by Mr. Ten
Samrach, advisor for economic development service provision, GIZ .............................. 22
III.6 Report on the creation of a central garden and a strolling area in Siem Reap, in
Zone 3 by Professor Azedine Beschaouch, ICC-Angkor Scientific Secretary ..................... 24
III.7 Report on the bypass road in the Angkor Park, by His Excellency Dr. Hang Peou,
Deputy Director General, APSARA National Authority, introduced by Professor Azedine
Bescahouch, ICC-Angkor Scientific Secretary .............................................................. 27
III.8 Report on the Management of Forests at Angkor, by His Excellency Mr. Chhor
Thanat, Deputy Director General, APSARA National Authority ....................................... 27
III.9 Report on the development of the Angkor Wat parvis and the enlargement of the
parking area, by Mr. Son Pharath, architect, Department of Urban Heritage Development,
and His Excellency Mr. Sok Sangvar, Head of the Tourism Management Plan Unit, APSARA
National Authority ................................................................................................... 28
C.
TRAINING ................................................................................................ 29
III.10 Report on the training programme in the field of restoration: end of Cycle 1
(2012-2014) and initiation of a new Cycle (2014-2016) by Ms. Sisowath-Men Chan Devy,
Director of the Heritage Mission and Ms. Mireille Grubert, Director of the Ecole de Chaillot 29
IV- TECHNICAL REPORTS ............................................................... 32
IV.1 Questions and Answers on reports on the projects implemented by the APSARA
National Authority and the progress report of the projects conducted by the international
teams (reports distributed in advance) ...................................................................... 32
V- AD HOC EXPERTS’ REPORT ........................................................ 32
V.1 Report from the ad hoc Group of Experts for Conservation, by Professors Mounir
Bouchenaki, Giorgio Croci, Kenichiro Hidaka and Pierre-André Lablaude ......................... 32
V.2 Report from the ad hoc group of experts for sustainable development, by
Professors Bernard Hubert, Jean-Marie Furt and Shinji Tsukawaki ................................. 36
VI- THEMES FOR DISCUSSION ....................................................... 42
VI.1 Managing tourism at Angkor, theme introduced by His Excellency Mr. Sok
Sangvar, Head of the TMP Unit, APSARA National Authority .......................................... 42
VI.2 Environment pollution in the Angkor Park, theme introduced by His Excellency Dr.
Hang Peou, Deputy Director General, APSARA National Authority .................................. 44
A. Presentation by Professor Hans Leisen ......................................................... 45
B. Presentation by Groupe Bolloré ................................................................... 46
VII- POINTS OF INFORMATION...................................................... 49
VII.1 Report on the 38th Session of the World Heritage Committee, by Professor
Azedine Beschaouch, ICC-Angkor Scientific Secretary .................................................. 49
VII.2 Announcement about the UNWTO-UNESCO Conference in Cambodia, by His
Excellency Dr. Thong Khon, Minister of Tourism .......................................................... 50
VII.3 The Nginn Karet Foundation for Cambodia and its action in Siem Reap-Angkor, by
a representative of the Foundation ............................................................................ 51
VII.4 Recent publications ................................................................................... 51
VII.5 Calendar .................................................................................................. 51
VIII- ICC RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................... 51
VIII.1
Adoption of the recommendations examined by the last technical session and
proposed with favourable opinion (recommendations finalised and distributed in advance)51
VIII.2
Presentation of the 21st ICC-Angkor Plenary session recommendations by the
ICC-Angkor Secretary .............................................................................................. 52
VIII.3 Adoption of the recommendations by the ICC-Angkor ................................... 57
IX- CLOSING SESSION ................................................................... 58
IX.1 Closing statement by the Representative of the UNESCO Director-General, Ms.
Anne Lemaistre, UNESCO Representative in Cambodia ................................................ 58
IX. 2 Closing speech by the French Co-chairperson, His Excellency Mr. Jean-Claude
Poimbœuf, French Ambassador to Cambodia .............................................................. 59
Participant list ............................................................................... 61
APSARA National Authority Report for 2014 .................................. 77
NOTICE: The languages used during the sessions of the ICC are English, French and
Khmer. During this session the recording equipment did not work. In the English language report of the discussions, any material reported originally in French or Khmer is
therefore a translation. Presentations provided by the speakers written originally in
English are indicated by [OrigE] at the beginning of the contribution.
REPORT OF THE PRESENTATIONS
I- OPENING SESSION
I.1 Statement by the Japanese Co-chairperson, His Excellency Mr. Yuji Kumamaru,
Ambassador of Japan in Cambodia
[OrigE]
“Your Excellency Dr. Sok An, Deputy Prime Minister of the Royal Government of Cambodia and President of the APSARA National Authority,
Your Excellency Dr. Thong Khon, Minister of Tourism,
Your Excellency Dr. Phoeurng Sackona, Minister of Culture and Fine Arts,
Your Excellency Dr. Say Samal, Minister of the Environment,
Your Excellency Mr. Khim Bunsong, Governor of Siem Reap Province,
Your Excellency Mr. Kol Bunly, High Representative of His Majesty King Norodom Sihamoni,
Ms. Anne Lemaistre, Representative of the UNESCO Phnom Penh office,
Excellencies,
Colleagues,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
It is my great pleasure to be here to preside, as co-chair, over the International Coordinating Committee’s 21st Plenary Session.
First of all, on behalf of all the attendees present here today, I would like to express
my sincere appreciation to His Excellency Dr. Sok An, joining us for today’s committee and
for your strong and longstanding commitment to the ICC process.
I also wish to pay my profound respects to all the teams and individuals taking part in
this session, many of whom have contributed to the ICC’s activities since its very inception.
I would like to extend a cordial welcome to H.E. Mr. Jean-Claude Poimbœuf, the Ambassador of France, who joins us for the first time as co-chair.
As you all know, the work of the ICC entered its third decade this year. I am happy to
note that the first plenary session of the third decade is taking place here, at the new conference hall of the APSARA Authority. I would like to congratulate the APSARA Authority for
making this remarkable hall available as the venue for this session of ICC.
Recalling that the 3rd Intergovernmental Conference was successfully hosted by Cambodia last year, reaffirming the role of the ICC, the Angkor Declaration adopted then stated
that ‘the coordinating function of the ICC-Angkor, including information sharing, monitoring
the consistency of various projects and compliance with international technical standards,
should be further strengthened in light of the growing number of projects and the complexity of the issues to be addressed.’
The experiences and good practices that the ICC-Angkor has acquired over the last
20 years deserve to be recognised as a successful model for others, including the ICCPreah Vihear, which was successfully inaugurated yesterday. The ICC-Angkor recommendations, adopted with the good assistance of the ad hoc group of experts, need to be duly
respected, followed up and implemented effectively.
With the rise in the number of tourists, the Angkor sites have been facing emerging
challenges, such as traffic congestion and environmental degradation; along with the challenges of climate change and poverty.
In this regard, at the last Intergovernmental Conference, we reached the consensus
that it is essential to work together for the preservation and protection of the historic sites
in a more comprehensive manner. When speaking of sustainable management, we need to
be concerned about the protection of the culture and livelihood of local communities. Similarly, the idea of the protection of living heritage includes the protection of the intangible
cultural heritage of the local communities.
In the upcoming new era of the ICC, we, the co-chairs, the secretariat and the
APSARA National Authority, have reorganised the structure of the ICC sessions by introducing discussion time on designated themes, with a view to encouraging more intensive
discussions on some key issues across individual projects. We have also agreed to review
the previous sessions so that we can make use of the fruits of the discussions, and ensure
that the decisions and actions identified by the ICC get carried out more effectively.
I look forward to hearing the conclusions on ‘Training’, which was one of the discussion themes from the Technical Session in June. I am also keen to hear some of the new
reports on that same topic as well as the updates on another discussion theme, ‘Access
Area (Parvis)’. A workshop on the restoration of the Bayon temple was held two days ago
to respond to the questions raised by the ad hoc experts in the previous technical session. I
look forward to receiving a report on the findings of the workshop.
The two discussion themes selected for the plenary sessions this time are; ‘Tourism
Management’ and ‘Environmental Pollution’.
With regard to ‘Tourism Management’, the number of tourists has recently increased
significantly. This has generated positive effects for the country’s economy, but it may also
seriously affect the monuments. It is necessary to find a suitable balance for sustainable
tourism. How can we provide unforgettable experiences for visitors, while protecting the
monuments from the impact of tourism?
Concerning environmental pollution, the increase in tourists and inhabitants who work
in the tourism industry has led to the increase of energy and water consumption, which
augments air and water pollution and waste material. Tourism, environment and protection
of the Angkor sites need to be properly reconciled. I look forward to the presentation of the
APSARA National Authority. Your active engagement with this discussion is to be greatly
encouraged and much appreciated. We hope these discussions will deliver fruitful exchanges of ideas and opinions and bear useful results.
Before concluding my remarks, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation to
the APSARA National Authority for the pivotal and increasing role they have been playing in
the protection, restoration and development of the Angkor heritage sites. I would also like
to thank the donor countries, international organisations and technical teams who are supporting the protection and restoration of the Angkor temples. I thank the ad hoc group of
experts for your hard work and valuable input. I thank the ICC secretariat of UNESCO, including the Representative of the Phnom Penh office, Ms. Lemaistre, for helping with all the
arrangements for the session.
Thank you for your attention.”
I.2 Statement by the representative of the royal government of Cambodia, His
Excellency Dr. Sok An, Deputy Prime Minister, president of the APSARA National
Authority
“Co-chairs,
Excellencies,
Dear colleagues,
Honourable professors and experts,
Firstly, I would like to inform those who could not join us yesterday that the AngkorICC has emulated a younger counterpart: the Preah-Vihear-ICC. I am sure that most of
you will grant their support to this new international cooperative body in the field of heritage. I am also delighted to renew my solemn appeal to all our partners and friends. Your
contribution to the conservation and development of Preah Vihear temple and sacred site
will be highly and rightly appreciated by His Majesty King Norodom Sihamoni and His Excellency the Prime Minister of Cambodia Samdech Akka Moha Sena Padei Techo Hun Sen and
the Cambodian people.
Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen,
Let me now talk about Angkor. It is true to say that two decades of intense and diversified activities have not diluted the common willingness to defend and develop this flagship
of the World Heritage List of cultural properties of universal exceptional value, nor have
they abated the endeavours of each country or institution, and I would even add, of any
given members of the teams working on site.
You are all aware that the October 1993 programmes made in Tokyo during the First
Intergovernmental Conference on Angkor were confirmed and developed at the Second
Intergovernmental Conference held in Paris in November 2003. You are also informed of
the magnificent and moving surprise caused by the scientific and technical international
community which with renewed enthusiasm committed to extend the activities at Angkor
and for Angkor for another decade. This was almost a year ago, on the day in Siem Reap
during the third Intergovernmental Conference on 5 December 2013. This is a friendly gesture towards Cambodian people and demonstrates trust in the future of our country
economic growth and social development. This has enthused us.
Co-chairs,
Although we are highly satisfied with this outcome, it is not a reason to stop from
heading towards the right direction. This is the reason, whilst paying tribute to your forbearers who all highly deserved from Angkor, I consider your task as being as difficult as
before. On the one hand, the number of on-going or forthcoming projects is on the rise, as
is the number of participants to these biannual meetings. On the other hand, one should
see to striking a correct balance between the duties of conservation of the integrity of heritage and sustainable development limitations.
Co-chairs, the future of our CIC is mostly in your grip. I would like to take this opportunity to welcome the French Ambassador to Cambodia, His Excellency Jean-Claude
Poimbœuf. I know that he is fully committed to his chairmanship and I am delighted to express to him my best wishes for a successful meeting. Also, thanks to the presence of the
already experienced Ambassador of Japan to Cambodia, His Excellency Yuji Kumamaru, the
activity of our co-chairmanship will certainly be to the benefit of this meeting. I am delighted to welcome Ambassador Kumamaru and I would like to express to him my best wishes
in continuing his endeavour.
Let me remind you that the competent and experienced secretariat stands at their
disposal and that they can rely on the high intellectual and professional qualities of Professor Beschaouch, the standing scientific Secretary
Excellencies, Dear colleagues, Ladies and Gentlemen,
Complying with the guidelines of the third intergovernmental conference on Angkor,
the agenda of our last technical session last June dedicated one hour to exchange on a key
topic for sustainable development: ‘Training’.
The APSARA National Authority has expressly endorsed the outcomes and recommendations of this discussion. I am delighted to inform on the establishment, as part of our
public body, of the Angkor Training Centre. Professor Beschaouch has been entrusted with
the scientific chair because of his background as emeritus academic and university professor. He has already established contacts globally and training and classes will soon begin in
the following fields, which are key to seeing to the proper management of heritage of humanity sites and monuments: preventive conservations, including continuous maintenance,
site management; management of ancient hydraulic systems and cultural tourism.
For your information, the Centre will be symbolically inaugurated today on the occasion of the 21st Plenary Session of our ICC. I am thereby pleased to invite you to the
ceremony, which will be held early in the afternoon, immediately after lunch.
Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen,
As for today’s agenda, it has tabled two exchange sessions on fundamental topics for
the Royal Government policy and notably for my colleagues the Minister of Tourism, His
Excellency Thong Khon and the Minister of the Environment His Excellency Dr. Say Samal.
I have in the past mentioned the negative impacts of badly managed tourism. Once
the ICC and the APSARA National Authority endorsed the Tourism Management Plan for
Angkor (TMP), a new team valiantly started the task and has since reported periodically on
its activity. It is within this framework that a new approach towards tourism management
issues has been advocated and that further thinking is on-going. This highlights the significance of the stakes in this critical field and the need to go beyond the solely academic
discussion. Moreover, due to the nature of the values linked to Angkor, tourism cannot be
separated from culture as whole, or tangible and intangible components.
I would recommend you to keep this perspective in mind during the discussion.
The second item to be exchanged on is the pollution of the environment. I would like
once again here to draw attention to the seriousness of the situation and on the warnings
formulated last year during the third intergovernmental conference on Angkor, held on the
5th of December 2013 in Siem Reap.
Activities should not be restricted to the collection of data on air pollution and other
pollution. It is thereby important to move from the causes to the consequences and in this
way to strive to elaborate on activity programmes fighting against any type of pollution. It
has to be said that the house is on fire and that we must act upon.
We will consequently deal with it once you may have advised us on efficient
measures.
Co-chairs, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen,
I have just mentioned the key and decisive items stipulated by the agenda of this
session. Let me wish you an active and fruitful day under the wise stewardship of our coINTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR
chairs. The APSARA National Authority will listen and together we will advance conditions to
defend and showcase Angkor, a cultural jewel of humanity.
I thank you for your attention.”
II- ACTIVITY REPORTS
II.1 ICC-Angkor Scientific Standing Secretariat activity report and follow up of
Recommendations, by Professor Azedine Beschaouch, ICC-Angkor Scientific
Secretary
No supporting document available.
II.2 APSARA National Authority general activity report, by His Excellency Mr. Bun
Narith, Director-General
“Your Excellency Deputy Prime Minister,
Co-chairs,
Excellencies,
Distinguished hosts,
Our dearest ICC will start the proceedings of the 21st Plenary Session and it is with
renewed happiness that I welcome all faithful participants, guests of honour, international
delegations, experts, speakers coming from all corners and friends of Angkor. I will now
summarise the activity report of the APSARA National Authority for the first ten months of
2014.
I am delighted to begin on a positive and encouraging note regarding the fight
against illegal trafficking of cultural goods in and from Cambodia. Precious statues representing characters of the famous Indian Mahâbhârata epic had disappeared from the Koh
Ker site in the 1970s and some of them were cut from their pedestals. They have been located in the United-States and in May of this year, following arduous negotiations and with
the valuable help of the American government, they were returned and sent back to Cambodia. We should rejoice this fruitful cooperation in the framework of ancient cultural goods
being returned gradually to our country after being looted during the darkest periods of our
history.
Before I commence with the general activity report of the APSARA National Authority,
I would like to inform on an incident which took place inside Angkor Thom last October. On
9 October at circa 6 p.m., a tuk tuk driver alerted the heritage police, who are in charge of
the security of the Angkor site when monuments are closed to visitors, of the disappearance of a tourist that asked him to wait at the Elephant Terrace at 5:30 p.m., which is
closing time at Angkor Thom, as he was supposed to drive her back home. Consequently,
police searched the area and its surroundings, in particular the Bayon temple, until late at
night, but to no avail. At dawn on the 10th of October, the police were told that the tourist
had been seen and she was questioned for a few moments and was then allowed to leave.
According to the police report, it was only at 6 a.m. that they found that a Buddha
statue located in the central tower of the Bayon had been broken into four pieces. They
then visited the guesthouse where the tourist was staying only to be told that she had already left the country.
The broken statue is only a replica and was in four parts formerly assembled with
some pieces in sandstone and others in concrete, notably the head, which had been reinforced with concrete in 1988 at the Angkor Conservancy Office of the Ministry of Culture
and Fine Arts of Cambodia. The APSARA National Authority proceeded to the restoration of
the statue, which was reinstalled in its original location in the central tower of the Bayon on
the 15th of October 2015, amid religious ceremonies and with the attendance of high level
representatives from the Buddhist clergy and many others, with the local media reporting.
After the incident, the APSARA National Authority met with the heritage police with
the view to stepping up measures to reinforce surveillance by increasing the number of
officers at the monument. The police also filed a complaint at the Siem Reap Court against
the Dutch tourist, who is a resident of New Zealand.
The APSARA National Authority for its part has strengthened tourism officers’ presence in the monuments, where they daily check that visitors have left the temples when
the site is closing. Cultural events organised at night have been temporarily halted near the
Bayon and relocated to the Elephant Terrace.
The activity report regarding the conservation of monuments and archaeology will be
detailed by Mr. Ly Vanna, our newly appointed director of the Department of Conservation
of the Angkor Monuments and Rescue Archaeology. I will only raise one item in this framework, that on the itinerary tour inside Ta Prohm and the developments taking place outside
the same temple.
Complying with the recommendations of the 23rd Technical Session of the 2014 June
ICC on the Ta Prohm temple and heeding the outcomes of the studies carried out by relevant departments and, in particular, that of the Tourism Management Plan (TMP), it came
out that the Ta Prohm itinerary tour should start at the East gate and end at the West gate.
The APSARA National Authority, to this matter, temporarily shut the South gate pending
consolidation and stabilisation work on this gate carried out by the Archaeological Survey of
India. Unauthorised vending stalls have been dismantled and presently no further developments are planned. The Department of Conservation of Monuments and Rescue
Archaeology has only excavated the West gate.
Regarding the site of Koh Ker: the APSARA National Authority, in collaboration with
the Khma Someth concessionary company, has built new wooden stairs, replacing those
that had decayed, to facilitate visitors who climb the Prasat Thom, where a panoramic
landscape reaching out to Phnom Kulen can be enjoyed. Recently, the APSARA National
Authority excavated at Prasat Chen and unearthed three pedestals that have been put in
safety storage.
Regarding roadwork: a new road spanning over 9.6 kilometres from the Museum of
traditional textiles to the headquarters of the APSARA National Authority has been completed. The APSARA National Authority’s seat has undergone development, with internet
connection now installed, and we are delighted to welcome this new conference room, larger than that previous, and which hosted the Preah Vihear ICC opening session held
yesterday, the 3rd of December, and today’s 21st Plenary Session of the Angkor-ICC.
On a more social level, all the wages of the APSARA National Authority staff have
been reviewed since the latter part of 2014, complying with the Royal government’s policy.
The mean wage increase has been of 30 percent and promotions were awarded to some
who stood out for their regularity and outstanding work.
Following the 23rd Technical Session’s resolutions, training has been set up for staff in
the fields of expertise of the APSARA National Authority. This led to the establishment of a
new training Centre: The Angkor Training Centre. The first to attend training within this
Centre were the trainees working on the mapping of the Risk Map. This has been made
possible thanks to the help of the FIDA (Fund for the International Development of Archives), which organised, from the 9th until the 13th of June, 2014, a training programme
on Archive Management Systems, held by doctor Lee Sangmin, a South Korean member of
the Research Institute for Korean Archives and Record. Training focused on the ICA-Atom
(International Council on Archives-Access to Memory), software for the management of
archives and rare documents using one system or the Internet and that can be used or
read universally. At the end of the training, an IBM mini-server that can contain data from
the library and archives was gifted to the APSARA National Authority.
Regarding the development of the Cultural and Tourism City:
-
The Royal Government endowed the Siem Reap office of the governor with 9.2 hectares of land where the offices of the 26 provincial departments will be built.
Construction works have just started.
−
As for the 23 hectares leased to Sokha Hotel Company located at the roundabout of
the 60 metres’ road, it will be developed into a hotel by then meeting the urgent need
of more rooms due to the constant increase of tourism at Angkor. I would like to recall that the Tourism and Cultural City is in zone 5, where development is promoted.
Some political opponents not au fait with the law interpreted this new development as
a breach of the interdiction regarding construction in Angkor and a contravention of
regulations. The APSARA National Authority has cleared the matter and the population
is now aware that this hotel development will be a driver for the development of tourism for the purposely established Cultural and Tourism City.
−
The building of the new ticketing centre has almost been completed.
−
The panoramic museum from North Korea has been fully fitted and is ready to be inaugurated; parking spaces to ease access for visitors to the ticketing centre and to
the museum will be soon developed.
−
It is also at the Cultural and Tourism City that the Visitor Centre will be developed to
accommodate the increasing number of tourists.
Tourist visitation to the Angkor site has continued to grow year by year, although this
increase is showing signs of slowing down. International paying visitors for the first ten
months of 2014 have totalled 1,643,657, a 2.57 percent year on year increase. Growth
revenue from the ticketing has reached US$47,387,500, a 4.25 percent year on year increase.
Activities benefiting the Angkor Park communities are under the responsibility of five
groups, each supervising one district. Their assignment is to raise awareness among communities on heritage protection and to listen to any issues or complaints, so that they can
be solved straight away, in particular problems linked with construction. They have been
able to solve some 100 cases among the 111 villages of the Angkor Park. They have also
contributed to community organised religious ceremonies, assisted families in need and
promoted reforestation to communities by distributing 3,000 young seedlings.
The activities of the community action groups rolled out in villages are recorded and
filmed by the Department of Communication and broadcasted regularly on the radio and on
the television channels of the province and on the APSARA National Authority website.
Nokor Phnom FM 102.9MHZ and Cambodia Voice of Buddhism are the stations where they
are the most frequently aired, with press releases, daily information, interviews, fact checking, etc.
Within the framework of its on-going policy of reforestation and enhancement of the
cultural landscape inside the Angkor Park, the APSARA National Authority has propagated
more than 35,000 young seedlings, planted more than 25,000 trees, distributed more than
25,000 plants to schools, pagodas, communities and state institutions, and outside Angkor
the APSARA National Authority has planted more than 6,000 trees.
Major hydraulic works have also continued with the restoration, among others, of ancient canals over more than 6.7 kilometres and by building dozens of hydraulic
infrastructural components, such as bridges, sluice gates, etc. As per orders from the Royal
government in July 2014, the management of the large outlet sluice gate of the West
Baray, formerly managed by the provincial authority, has been transferred to the APSARA
National Authority, as has that located to south of the same Baray, covering an area of
more than 10,000 hectares outside the Angkor Park.
I remind you that last year, during the rainy season, this sluice gate did not work,
causing major risks and damage. Following the signing of a partnership between the
APSARA National Authority on the one hand and on the other hand SIAAP (Syndicat Interdépartemental pour l’Assainissement de l’Agglomération Parisienne), SIAVB (Syndicat
Intercommunal pour l’Assainissement de la Vallée de la Bièvre) and AAA (Association des
Amis d’Angkor) on the Projet d’Amélioration de l’Assainissement et de la Gestion des Eaux
de la Région d’Angkor PAAGERA project (Project to improve, sanitise and manage the Angkor region water), two additional partners have joined in with subsequent funding, AFD and
VEOLIA.
I recall that the objective of the project is foremost to install monitoring devices to
gather data in several key areas of the hydraulic system and to boost the efficiency of the
management of water during dry or flood seasons. In the future the project will add remote
automatic command systems to sluice and lock gates, by then cancelling any interventions
of technicians or workers on site. As per schedule, 20 monitoring devices have been delivered, six pluviometers and 14 limimetres (used to measure the level of water in the River)
have been installed where planned. These devices collect data automatically, which is then
sent and stored at the APSARA National Authority office. The next phase will include an
invitation to tender for a consultancy company with regard to the feasibility study of the
project based on the implementation of the data collected by the monitoring devices.
Further cultural exchanges between the APSARA National Authority and BPAFFC continued, following the exhibitions organised in China and Cambodia.
On the 25th of November 2014, BPAFFC (Beijing People’s Association for Friendship
with Foreign Countries) performed at the Terrace of the Elephants, giving demonstrations
of martial arts, dance, juggling, kite flying, painting, etc. The objective was to promote
China’s intangible heritage, as that tangible is already known.
II.3 Activity report of the Department of Conservation, Monuments and
Archaeology (DCMA), by Dr. Ly Vanna, Director of DCMA, APSARA National
Authority
[OrigE]
“Excellencies,
[slide]
My presentation is divided into four points: the DCMA’s philosophy of conservation, conservation and restoration, coming Conservation Projects and the state of the
human resources at DCMA.
[slide]
What is the DCMA’s Philosophy of Conservation? It encompasses:
- Respecting the authenticity of the monuments (preserving ancient architectural and
artistic forms, using original material, limiting the addition of new material into the
monuments, and integrating traditional techniques of restoration and conservation).
- Preserving and exhibiting the social, historical and cultural layers of the monuments.
- Preserving living traditions that are associated with the monuments.
[slide]
I now move on to the second point on the on-going conservation and restoration
projects at Angkor. This map shows you an overview of our on-going and future projects at
Angkor.
[slide]
This is the temple of Lolei, where a twelve-month project on the northeast shrine
started in April of 2014. We are carrying out conservation on a section of these large collapsed walls above the east lintel of the northeast shrine of Lolei. You can also see in this
picture large, deep cuts in the bricks on the top roof of the northwest tower. We also work
on this large collapsed portion of the upper roof structure at the southwest tower.
[slide]
Still at Lolei, the basements of the east façade, northeast tower, and the southeast basement are being restored, as you can see in these pictures.
[slide]
I move on to Bakong, where we are implementing a twelve-month project which
started in November of 2014. It includes work on the northeast brick tower, where we are
working on consolidating the doorjambs and preventing any further collapse.
[slide]
At Preah Ko, we are working on the southeast Library. Once again, a one-year
project started in January of 2014. [slide] The upper roof and the wall of the south library are
in need of restoration. You can see the slides of before and after. [slide] Works also focus on
the basement and wall of the south library.
[slide]
At Kok Chak we are restoring the south tower. The project started in September
of 2014 and will last twelve months. The objective is to restore the east and south facades.
The technical solutions selected have been the following: to restore the base and to refill
cracks with mortar, using old bricks from the temple and adding new bricks to the structure
as minimally as is possible. We have already completed 90 percent of the work for the
base. The next intervention will be on restoring the brick pavement, pilasters, lintels and
doorframes.
[slide]
As for the surrounding laterite walls of Angkor Thom, there are four projects.
They started in August of 2013 and will last 17 months. You can see on this map the different areas affected: area 1 spreads over 14 metres, area 2 over 45 metres, area 3 over 8
metres and area 4, 16 metres. The objective is to restore the collapsed walls.
[slide]
The technical methodology is the following: to study the behaviour of the foundation, to add new laterite stone to replace lost portions of the wall and to compact the
foundation. For the work on the stones we use lime mortar and Sikadur glue and are adding a series of new laterite blocks within the inner wall to hold the wall from inside,
respecting the original wall patterns and architectural behaviour of the original wall structure. Area 1 is 65 percent completed, 60 percent for area 2, 30 percent for area 3 and 60
percent for area 4.
[slide]
This map shows you the coming conservation projects. There are four of them.
The first is the covering of the roof of the central tower at the temple of Kravan, using
Plexiglas. [slide] We will also protect the inscriptions of the central tower by fitting Plexiglas
to the doorjambs. [slide] This slide shows you the current state of preservation of the inscriptions at the central tower of Kravan, and you can see the damage.
[slide]
[slide]
At Angkor Wat we will work on the window balusters. Four conservators and two
carvers will carry out the project.
[slide]
Now, the Shiva linga of Phnom Bok: It is an impressive structure, with a diameter of 1.2 metres and a length of 4 metres.
[slide]
Finally, the next conservation project is that at Prasat Bat Chum.
[slide]
I would like to conclude by mentioning the state of the human resources of the
DCMA. We are staffed with 31 archaeologists, seven architects, two engineers, three sculptors, eleven conservators (eight of which are archaeologists) and 366 workers.
II.4 Heritage Management Framework implementation report: the Risk Map
component, by His Excellency Dr. Hang Peou, project chief and Deputy Director
General, APSARA National Authority
[OrigE]
“Excellencies,
[slide]
This presentation is on the Risk Map, one of the four components of the Heritage
Management Framework (HMF). This Risk Map includes the following risks: structural, environmental and socio-cultural.
[slide]
What is the Risk Map? It is a structural, environmental and social Risk Map to
assist the on-going management of the Angkor World Heritage Park’s values by mapping
three different types of risk: the structural risks to Angkor monuments, as well as the environmental and socio-cultural risks. To carry out this mapping work we use a Geographical
Information System (GIS). The ArcGIS is a tool used by administrators, technical staff and
programmers wherever they are, on site or in the office.
[slide]
The Risk map includes two components that are related. First, the Spatial Component, made of different layers encompassing the risks from visitation, air pollution,
hydrology, the forests, the geology, soil and etc. All these components are then gathered in
the information component which contains an explanatory text, photos, drawings, the history of the risk and the management response to each of the different risks recorded.
[slide]
I will illustrate the way we are operating by showing you a picture of an overview
of the ArcGIS–Data. You can see the different layers that can be computed in and the classification.
[slide]
Here for example, you have all data on the forest risks. [slide] This one is on the
water risks. [slide] If I go further into detail, I can get the water level in all the areas where
we monitor it. This table is very useful.
[slide]
I move on to a concrete example with Angkor Thom and the surrounding wall
which has been fully recorded for the Risk Map and where our first interventions, using this
system, have taken place. This is the Risk Map of Angkor Thom.
[slide]
Here, we go further into detail, entering a specific location on the eastern wall.
The team working on it has used this index card to depict the location and what they
have assessed as a risk, giving also the different levels of risk attached to this specific location. Once the card is filled we can start acting on the locations which require the most
urgent interventions.
[slide]
[slide]
Here is the index card at the Gate of the Dead, with a description of damage and
conditions and proposals for restoration works. [slide] Note, as you can see on this index
card, that any prior interventions, for example here by the EFEO, have all been included in
the database.
[slide]
This index card shows you the specific locations for intervention with pictures
illustrating. [slide] Here, this is the work in progress which is documented. [slide] And finally, in
these slides the work once it has been completed and once again the documentation, this
time in Khmer with the different stages of the work.
III- NEW FINDINGS AND DEVELOPMENTS
A.
CONSERVATION RESTORATION AND RESEARCH
III.1 New archaeological discoveries at Koh Ker, by Dr. Ea Darith, Deputy
Director, Department of Conservation of Monuments Outside Angkor Park,
APSARA National Authority
[OrigE]
“Excellencies,
I will present on new archaeological discoveries at Prasat Chen, Koh Ker. [slide] First, a
map to show you the location of Koh Ker with relation to Angkor; [slide] this is a LiDAR picture from 2012.
[slide]
This is a map of the Koh Ker Site and the Location of Prasat Chen. Koh Ker was
the capital of the Khmer empire from 928 until 944 AD. It was formerly known as Lingapura (city of Linga) or Chok Gargyar (the forest of the Koki tree). [slide] This is another view of
the site, again using LiDAR.
[slide]
Prasat Chen is made of three laterite towers, two libraries and two laterite enclosures. It faces to the east. The temple was dedicated to the god Vishnu. Two statues of
fighting monkeys, Vâlin and Sugrîva, were found in the east gate. They are representations
of the Ramayana. In the west gate, nine pedestals of divinity were found, mostly inspired
by the Mahabharata. Two unprecedented inscriptions were found on the east gate.
[slide]
Pictures of Prasat Chen, with here the west gate. [slide] It measures 4.3 X 5.30
This is how it was in April 2012, with this pedestal where only the feet remetres.
mained; it was already known. [slide] We carried out further excavations and found in April
2012 the pedestals of the Bhima and Duryodhana. [slide] On the 29th of April, 2012, the pedestals were removed from their original location by crane. [slide] We then came back to the
site in July 2012 and [slide] carried out excavations on the west gate in the same month. [slide]
This is the excavation in progress in July of 2012. [slide] We unearthed three pedestals of
statue on the north wall. [slide] On the south wall, four pedestals were found. [slide] A hand
holding a conch was found during the excavation.
[slide]
[slide]
This picture shows the excavation with the overall discovery of seven pedestals
on the north and south walls. Each pedestal showed traces of looting. Four of them are of
kneeling figures, the three remaining of seating figures. [slide] This is the representation of
the iconography of the statues and their supposed locations and identification.
[slide]
This shows you how the statues would have sat on their pedestals. We identified
Arjuna, Shadeva and Nakula, thanks to statues found at the Metropolitan Museum of New
York and from the Angkor Conservancy.
[slide]
As for the four pedestals we managed to identify them as Krishna, Duryodhana,
Balarama and Yudishira. They were identified from private collections. [slide] This is a representation of the statues’ positions and settings, with the two fighters in the middle and the
remaining statues watching on both sides. [slide] You can also see them on the carving of
this pediment.
[slide]
Two Statues of Nakula and Sahadeva were returned to Cambodia on the 11th of
June, 2013. [slide] Two more statues, of Bhima and Duryodhana, were returned to Cambodia
in May 2013. [slide] As for the Statue of Balarama, it was returned from the USA on the 31st
of May, 2013. [slide] This is a picture from the ceremony attended by the Prime Minister, Hun
Sen.
[slide]
We started further excavations on the east gate in July of 2014. [slide] This was a
joint APSARA-EFEO excavation. [slide] This is how it looked before being dug. [slide] A picture
inside the east gate.
[slide]
Three pedestals were found on the east gate. [slide] Here you can see them with
the sandstone paving and postholes. [slide] The pedestals were identified as those of Rama,
Lakshmana and Hanuman. [slide] This is Hanuman’s pedestal and a fragment of his Sampot.
The statue of Hanuman is now in the Cleveland Museum of Art, USA.
[slide]
This is Rama’s pedestal and a fragment of a bow that was discovered. The statue
of Rama is at the Denver Art Museum, USA. [slide] This is Lakshmana’s pedestal and a fragment of his arm holding arrows
[slide]
This is Narasinha, which was found during excavations.
Hiranyakasipu from the Metropolitan Museum, USA.
[slide]
This is the statue of
[slide]
Overall, nine statue pedestals and a hand holding a conch were recovered at the
West Gate. Five statues were returned from the USA: Bhima, Duryodhana, Balarama,
Nakula and Sahadeva. On the East gate: three pedestals, fragments of inscriptions, a bow,
a Narasinha, and a hand holding arrows were discovered. Three statues: Rama, Hanuman
and Hiranyakasipu have been traced back to the US.
[slide]
III.2 Progress of the Remote Sensing for the Environment of the Angkor Site
Project, by Mr Tianhua Hong, Executive Deputy Director of the HIST
(International Centre on Space Technologies for Natural and Cultural Heritage)
Category II Centre
[OrigE]
“Excellencies,
[slide]
Professor Huodong Guo of HIST and RADI and Director Bun Narith of the APSARA
National Authority signed a Memorandum of understanding during the 37th session of the
UNESCO World Heritage Committee in Phnom Penh in June 2013. The Cambodian Deputy
Prime Minister, H. E. Dr. Sok An, met with the HIST/RADI delegation, and expressed full
support for the proposed collaborative project.
[slide]
This activity materialised with several exchanges of visits in December of 2013,
then in March, May, June and July of 2014. [slide] Here, a picture of another visit.
[slide]
This is the Angkor site viewed with a RADI picture. [slide] We study the site and its
environment, using satellite images and field data as well as radar, optical or LiDAR data.
We have multi-platform remote sensing data, basic geobase data and ancillary data. With
this we assess the site of Angkor and its environment: the climate (wind, temperature and
precipitation), the soils (rock type) and human activities, such as tourism. We can then
understand the forest ecosystem, the water system (flood, soil, erosion) and ground subsidence (loose or displaced). This gives us a spatial database of the site. Based on this
data, we can create 3D simulations and GIS to assist in policy recommendations for heritage protection and sustainable development. We can also train managers in heritage.
How far are we in our research? [slide] This is the land cover change. The urban areas
have been gradually increasing, the forested areas present unstable growth and the water
areas are subjected to seasonal fluctuations.
[slide]
This is data on Kulen Mountain over three periods: 1989, 2000 and 2014. The
deforested area studied covers 575 km2 from 1989 to 2014, and occupies almost 35 percent of the total area. The reproduction area is of 62 km2 from 1989 to 2014, which
amounts to 5 percent of the total area. There was 22 percent of the area deforested between 2000 and 2014, with only 13 percent cut between 1989 until 2000. As time goes on,
deforestation has spread from the south to the north of Kulen Mountain.
[slide]
This shows the economic forest extraction. We used different data using ZY3
images. The area studied was again the Kulen, located between 40 to 120 metres above
sea level. Most forest activities are located above 40 metres and the forest change is mainly due to human activities over the past 30 years. [slide] Here some more figures. [slide] The
deforestation is also tightly connected with road access.
[slide]
This is the virtual satellite reception station. [slide] I move on to our research on
the monitoring of ground subsidence. This illustrates the first inversion of surface deformation, using 42 scenes of TerraSAR-X images (3m) during the observation period from
2011 until 2013. Although it is significant, the motion of relics and their surroundings is
hampered by other movements triggered by urbanisation, farming and surface erosion after wild fires.
[slide]
We attended the 23rd session of the ICC and carried out fieldwork. Through discussion with staff from the APSARA National Authority and after field investigations, the
causes of the temple collapse have been confirmed: they include erosion, tree growth and
motion heterogeneity.
[slide]
This is an improved PSInSAR model to detect motion anomalies. Local ground
sinking intersperses among the sites (with values ranging from -15 to -2 mm/a) due to
urbanisation and groundwater pumping, identified by 1, 2 and 3. The study site is where
this green rectangle is located. [slide] An example of the monitoring of the temple level, here
at Bakong.
[slide]
I would now like to talk about our findings and to comment on this subject. The
pumping of water either by public or private entities does not cause a problematic regional
surface subsidence that threatens the sustainability of surrounding monuments, although
local ground sinking intersperses among the sites (with values ranging from -15 to -2
mm/a) due to urbanisation and groundwater pumping. The local government and the
APSARA made an optimal site selection for public wells located along the National Route No
6 on the south of West Baray, reserving a safe distance from the site core area and assuring the groundwater table replenishment using the West Baray and moats of Angkor Wat
and Angkor Thom.
[slide]
Now, our 3D simulation and the spatial information system: 3D modelling is
based on different multi-source data, such as pictures, videos, CAD data, photogrammetry
and LiDAR data. Realistic and physical simulation of spatial elements: simulation of natural
phenomena (rain, snow, cloud, fog, shadow, water reflection, etc.) combining hydrodynamics, physical particle models and optical transmission models. Visualisation of
typical natural elements: simulation of the typical natural elements within the Angkor Site,
such as forests, buildings, roads, rivers and lakes and simulation of the dynamic changes of
natural elements, such as land subsidence and land use changes.
[slide]
These are 3D modelling and collecting models: the goal is to rebuild 3D models
based on different, multi-source data, such as pictures, videos, CAD data and photogrammetry. We also collect some shared elements and models from the Internet to provide
material for the 3D simulation system.
[slide]
Design and implementation of a spatial database: to design and implement the
spatial data tables of remote sensing images, vectors and 3D models of the Angkor Site; to
store the current multi-source data and to develop database functions, such as information
querying.
[slide]
Implementation of the system: This is how it would look with menus, toolbars,
function panels, copyright and etc.
III.3 New project proposal: Safeguarding the temple of Banteay Thom, by His
Excellency Mr. Ros Borath, Deputy Director General, APSARA National Authority,
on behalf of Mr. Sébastien Appert, Architect
“Excellencies,
Let me present the project to safeguard the temple of Banteay Thom. I do this on
behalf of Sébastien Appert, who some of you may know, as he worked a while ago at the
Department of Monuments of the APSARA National Authority. [slide] This is the site of Banteay Thom, located to the north of Angkor Thom, and which can be accessed via a narrow
dirt road. [slide] This is a diagrammatic plan of the temple including sanctuaries, libraries,
moats, ponds, etc.
[slide]
This illustrates the worrisome condition survey of the temple, with sections of
walls collapsed on the western and eastern sides. Here, details of veneers. [slide] Other pictures to illustrate the bad condition of the structure with the north shrine here left and the
south shrine with the avant-corps. Much damage can be seen. [slide] Once again on the
north and south libraries.
[slide]
In this picture, the Gopuras I east and west are in an unstable condition. [slide]
This is the avant-corps of Gopura II and the northeast vaults which are already mostly collapsed and here [slide] the cruciform terrace and the avant-corps of Gopura I east.
[slide]
Sébastien has designed a safeguarding project for the temple which value is
foremost heritage and with the implementation of imperative emergency measures with a
view to halting decay and securing the complex; then, to establish an inventory of the decors still on site. The architectural value is in the different phases of construction of the
temple. The historic value lies in getting to know the temple. Among pending questions
are: who is the Emperor that founded this temple, who remains largely unknown, as is the
King that consecrated the shrines?
There is also an environmental side to the programme, in order to preserve and develop the complex in complete respect of its environment. Finally, the last value attached
to this temple is that of tourism. Banteay Thom is not on the mainstream tours and its environment remains unspoilt. This could meet increased demand by tourists searching for
authenticity and exchanges.
[slide]
The safeguarding project is divided into several phases and programmes that
comply with the traditional methodology for conservation. This map indicates with red dots
where interventions would take place. Phase I is to provide measured drawings of the
whole complex and to start digging archaeological test pits to assess the site’s potential.
Phase II takes stock of the condition survey of the temple and implements the archaeological prospects. Phase III establishes a risk and emergency map and implements the first
activities securing the temple.
[slide]
In red are the areas where interventions would be planned within the framework
of the above-mentioned three phases. Three additional phases will complement this work.
Phase IV includes a stone by stone measure drawing of all relevant areas and an inventory
of the stone blocks. It will be followed by a detailed architectural study and restoration proposals. Phase V is for partial restoration using the anastylosis technique, although this will
have to be agreed with the ICC group of ad hoc experts. Phase VI will be dedicated to publishing and disseminating information with scientific papers or general public
communications.
[slide]
The following methodology will be used for archaeological digs: the area to be
excavated will be determined using LiDAR, aerial pictures and land surveys. Reports of previous excavations will be studied. Test-pits are then dug to determine a diagnosis that will
enable us to understand the archaeological potential inside the first and second enclosures
and to diagnose the type of trenches to be excavated on the surrounding areas of the site
once the initial exploratory works have been carried out.
[slide]
Programmed excavations are also planned within and on the edges of the complex enclosures in order to better understand the space and to link the temple with other
neighbouring constructions of the surrounding landscape. The material unearthed, including
ceramics, will, of course, be analysed. Once again, a yearly excavation report is published
for dissemination to the authorities and institutions and it is completed by an architectural
and archaeological study.
[slide]
In the immediate future is the near establishment of the Atelier Banteay Thom, a
non-profit public benefit corporation to give a legal structure to the project and a main focal
point when dealing with national and international institutions and financial partners.
The project will also need to be recognised and legitimised by setting up a Memorandum of Understanding and a convention with the Atelier Banteay Thom and institutional
and financial partners. Also, for the next ICC session a technical visit by the ad hoc group
of experts would be needed, so that they may validate any methodologies to be set up for
the project.
Financial potential backers are corporate foundations, grants and crowdfunding.
General discussion
No supporting document available.
B.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
III.4 Assessment of the implementation of the second phase of the APSARA-NewZealand Angkor Community Heritage And Economic Advancement Project (ACHA)
and initiation of Phase III, by His Excellency Mr. Khuon Khun-Neay, Deputy
Director General, APSARA National Authority
[OrigE]
“Excellencies,
The community development project is a collaboration between New Zealand and the
APSARA National Authority. [slide] It fits within the Angkor Management Plan of the APSARA
National Authority. Developed over the past few years, we have succeeded thanks to the
involvement of the local communities, but the question is how did we get the engagement
of these communities?
[slide]
We started by educating people on heritage so that they get to know it and end
up loving it. [slide] This is the type of meeting and education session we held with the communities and especially the younger generations. [slide] What we called Heritage Education
for communities living in the Angkor Park. [slide] We reached out to 2,102 villagers from ten
villages. [slide] Education was also given to Buddhist institutions, for a total of 165 institutions covered. [slide] This was done through workshops for monks, like this one.
[slide]
You would think that the love and knowledge of heritage should suffice but it
does not. It is necessary to let people benefit from heritage. We created, edited and published two videos, one on Community culture and nature the second Angkor our heritage.
[slide]
The first phase of the Angkor Participatory Natural Resource Management and
Livelihoods (APNRM&L) project lasted two years, from 2007 until 2009, and the second
phase was for three years, from 2010 until 2013. Overall, ten villages benefited from this
project, representing 15,723 villagers for a budget of US$1,250,000.
[slide]
The activities carried out were on environmental awareness and included nonformal English classes. The latter covered six villages and 433 children. We also handed out
stationery and five schools benefited from 70 bicycles.
[slide]
The farmers were trained in new techniques of agriculture and rekindled with
traditional ways of farming and trained in compost-making. [slide] 86 pilot farmers profited.
[slide]
As for livelihood gardens, 41 families adopted them. [slide] Fish and chick raising was
also brought in for 103 families.
[slide]
Handicrafts were promoted, with the villages of Rohal and Srah Srang counting
84 members while other villages totalled 52 members. [slide] The establishment of self-help
groups has been going strong, with 9 groups and 107 members. [slide] Water filters have
been distributed to 571 families. [slide] Again water, but this time the collection of rainwater
from roofs, with 165 households participating. [slide] Some hydraulic engineering works have
also been built to control floods and for irrigation. [slide] Stoves have been improved with
305 households receiving new stoves. [slide] Finally, two solar stations have been built, one
at Leang Day and Phloung villages, the other at Toul Kralanh and Banteay Srei.
[slide]
Another aspect of the programme has focused on the community tourism initiatives. It is an activity additional to the traditional sectors such as agriculture and
handicrafts. The projects have been managed following various principles, which are the
following: an elected committee of the village administers the project, the APSARA National
Authority only acts as an advisor and brings technical assistance, and the benefits accrue to
the village participants, the committee members of the village and the village development
fund.
[slide]
Among areas affected by the project is Banteay Srei, here the parvis, which
there is no need to introduce. [slide] Among activities offered on the parvis are relaxing by
strolling in the countryside and boating and fishing. 30 families manage these activities.
[slide]
At Srah Srang, the whole complex is being restored and this includes the villages
of Rohal and North Srah Srang. [slide] A committee of 20 families is offering oxcart trail
tours.
[slide]
Land use was also an issue, so a participatory land use plan has been set up,
notably at Rohal and North Srah Srang. [slide] This pie chart explains the distribution of land,
for example 79 percent is forested area and 13 percent rice fields. [slide] Registration was
done in the same fashion, with the participation of the population. [slide] This publication is
on the aerial photography of the Angkor Park, which helped for the land registration among
others.
[slide]
The APNRM&L was completed in September 2013 and deemed a great success. A
new project is now taking the helm: Angkor Community Heritage and Economic Advancement or ACHA. [slide] This is the logo.
[slide]
The overall goal of the ACHA project is the sustainable management of the Angkor Park, protecting heritage while providing economic prosperity and food security for the
people who live within the park. [slide] The memorandum of understanding was signed on 4
June 2014. [slide] The budget is US$3.8 million over five years, from 2014 until 2019.
[slide]
What are the outputs of the project? The first is the advancement of the village
economy through heritage-related and other economic activities, for example farming, selfhelp groups and community tourism. [slide] The second output is the capacity and the engagement of the population, so that the park’s stakeholders are engaged and trained to
support economic advancement and also to train park rangers. The third output is natural
resources management. It comprises the repair and construction of hydraulic structures
and solar power stations. Land mapping is also on the agenda, as is land use planning, land
registration and reforestation through the community.
[slide]
Finally, two pictures showing you how serious New Zealand is about this project,
as we have had the honour of receiving the Foreign Affairs Minister and the GovernorGeneral of New Zealand.
III.5 Assessment of the implementation of the Green Belt Project, by Mr. Ten
Samrach, advisor for economic development service provision, GIZ
[OrigE]
“Excellencies,
[slide]
This project is the Red (Regional Economic Development) Programme or Green
Belt for Siem Reap. I will first give you the background then an overview of the RED-Green
belt Project, then the outreach, results and impacts, to finish with the future and the RED
III, focusing on three provinces.
[slide]
I start with the initial objectives which covered the areas here in green:
- Reduce poverty (improve the food safety net and living conditions through fair distribution of benefits from the tourism economy);
- Control urban population growth (create employment in rural areas);
- Participate in the protection and safeguarding of the World Heritage Site of Angkor.
[slide]
The programme overview: it started in October of 2007, with two phases, with
Phase II ending in August of 2014. The objectives were better participation of the rural
poor in the value-added economy created in Siem Reap, the reduction of ID Poor households and an increase of volume and market share of local products. The project is led by a
Steering Committee, chaired by H.E. the provincial Governor. There is a national coordinator: H.E. Uk Someth and the provincial Coordinator, H.E. Bun Tharith, Deputy Governor of
the province. The project includes an annual plan of operation.
[slide]
RED has three components: 1) Regional management and local economic development with better use of regional growth potentials through improved stakeholder
cooperation. 2) The upgrading of the value chain of the economic and businesses development services by increased competitiveness and volume and market share of local products
and services. 3) Local government action for pro-poor growth by setting a conducive environment and local government action for this.
[slide]
RED has different partners: at the government level with the provincial and district administrations, the departments of the province and the district and commune
councils. A total of 73 public servants are concerned. For the private sector, it reaches 150
large and medium enterprises, five public-private partnerships and private sector associations. The financial resources come from Germany, with GIZ financing up to 11.1 million
Euros and KFW 13.5 million Euros. Cambodia has injected 1.6 million Euros and provided
staff and offices.
[slide]
RED activities have reached out to 11 rural districts and 97 communes, 857 villages covering 33,500 households. The annual target group capacity building (trainings,
workshops, study trips) included 1,000 events, with 23,000 participants of which 40 percent were male and 60 percent female, with ID poor representing 23 percent.
[slide]
The results and impacts are for the target group level: increase of household
income for 17,000, representing an average annual income increase per household of
US$199 and a total annual income increase of circa US$3,300, and the proportion of ID
poor households was more or less of 15 percent.
[slide]
What is the future for RED III? It will scale up to three provinces, as Oddar
Meanchey and Banteay Meanchey are added to the programme. The resources for 20152017 are financially for the Cambodian side a remainder of 1.62 million Euros more or less
1.3 million Euros; non-financially, they include offices and staff. Germany provides 4.7 million Euros and Switzerland 3.3 million Euros. The programme will phase out in Siem Reap
in 2017 and the two other provinces may have an extension until 2021.
[slide]
I would like to conclude my presentation by reading a personal message from
H.E. Uk Someth, who asked me to convey his best regards to you. He wrote:
‘In January 2014, the RED Green-Belt programme was evaluated by an external mission of experts, including specialised consultants, representatives from the Swiss
Development Co-operation and an expert from the Cambodian government. According to
the OECD/ DAC criteria, the program was rated 1.2 on a scale ranging from 1= ‘very good’
to 5 = ‘useless’. Less than 3.2 percent of all programmes have achieved such an excellent
rating.
I honestly believe that the Green Belt Project, conceived as a test project within the
framework of the policy of regional economic development, reflects a new approach to
achieving poverty reduction and economic development, the ultimate aim of the government and the people of Cambodia. I hope the success registered nationally and
internationally will stimulate simultaneously the government, the people, the international
financial institutions and friendly countries to carry on their assistance to this country,
where the percentage of poor and vulnerable households is still high.
If this Green Belt Project were to be given a chance to pursue its course in the future
in a sustainable way, I am convinced that Cambodia would—with its existing natural resources—one day be out of the world of absolute poverty.
I would like to hereby conclude—in my regretful absence for this forum of scholars,
the ICC—by conveying to all of you my sincere gratitude for your kind comprehension of
our situation and your precious assistance of any kind.
To my compatriots, I wish to share with you the success of this programme that
comes from the root of my philosophy that: ‘The harmony and cohabitation between nature, human, economic development and the progress of social life is possible.’
On these final encouraging words, I would like to thank you for your attention.”
III.6 Report on the creation of a central garden and a strolling area in Siem Reap,
in Zone 3 by Professor Azedine Beschaouch, ICC-Angkor Scientific Secretary
“Distinguished Co-chairs,
Excellencies,
[slide]
The project to develop a pedestrian area in the garden facing the Siem Reap
Royal Residence aims at creating harmony between the urban environment and the Outstanding Value of Angkor, a World Heritage site.
The site is located in the town centre, opposite the Royal Residence and the Angkor
Grand Hotel. What is exactly the goal of this development?
The project objective is to create a free, joyful and restful area open to the public.
The aim is to turn the garden into a central point in town, establishing coexistence between
nature, culture and humanity. The implementation of the project will harmonise these three
components of universal value. Up to now, the city of Siem Reap has not boasted any symbols of a city which history is rich and on the same par as its outstanding cultural value.
This town is an old human settlement, completely intertwined with Angkor during the
Khmer Empire and its peak era. This is the background pairing the city and the Angkor site
as two major components of the harmony between preservation of culture, the identity of
the country and sustainable development.
The project is divided into two parts: first, the garden development which consists in
the preservation of existing trees and, when necessary, to heal them so that they continue
a healthy natural life cycle. Trees with historical value will be replanted. Secondly, a mechanism is to be invented that will enable the integration of the pleasure garden and the park
to offer visitors a rest area during the hot season. A study of the different types of flowers
to be planted will be carried out in order to establish the right mix and colours for the overall harmony of the projected vegetal space.
[slide]
The concept of the garden is to showcase the Royal Residence, a historical
place, and to preserve it, as it is part of the national heritage. It will also appreciate the
value of the city of Siem Reap so that it may compete with Angkor’s cultural wealth.
Another plus is the improvement of traffic around the garden by creating bypass
streets. The developed garden will be entirely forbidden to traffic, to be enjoyed only by
pedestrians. Bypass itineraries are planned, which I will explain in the next slide. The street
fronting the Royal Residence will be turned into a major pedestrian axis and its development will enhance the cultural tourism and spiritual values of the area including the
religious space of Preah Ang Chek , Preah Ang Cham and Lok Yeay Tep, which are favoured
worship locations for locals.
We aim, through this development, to eliminate any traffic in this area. This will also
help mitigate the pollution so that visitors can stroll in pleasant surroundings. Accidents will
also be prevented in an area filled with pedestrians, especially at peak hours in the evening. Gardens and vegetation will also be better protected and maintained, with the
establishment of a maintenance team that will see to the cleanliness and hygiene of the
environment. This will also be an additional motivating factor for the people of Siem Reap
with a view to preserving an environment benefiting all. Working together, the provincial
authorities and the general public will have the opportunity to turn Siem Reap into an ecological city on a par with the Angkor World Heritage site.
[slide]
The present space of the garden will be divided into three areas: a pleasure garden along the Angkor road; the central area for religious ceremonies and itinerary
exhibitions on Khmer art, with a rest area shaded by large trees with historical value and
finally; a forested park which will extend from the central area and will include the replanting of threatened tree species. Shaded walking tours creating a harmony between people
and nature will be set up and kiosks will be built to shelter visitors from rainfall. The three
ponds will be redeveloped to house local aquatic plants.
[slide]
The development of the pleasure garden aims at preserving the original traditional design that safeguarded the popular and famous character of the city of Siem Reap
without setting aside the historical aspect of the Franco-Khmer friendship of the protectorate era. The theme is to reconcile classicism with developments that will compose a
contemporary garden that will link the past and the present in harmony between time and
space and as Albert Einstein said ‘two parameters of the universe including us all’. The garden will boast flowers of local essence when possible and will radiate colours and forms.
[slide]
This is the plan, and these are the pictures illustrating the present and projected
state of the garden with this photomontage. [slide] This picture shows you how the pond
would look once enhanced.
[slide]
As regard the development of the central area, it will be a forested area with
paved pedestrian streets using local pavers that do not heat up and are easily maintained.
These pedestrian streets will be the scenes of a variety of activities day and night: art, photos or drawings exhibition by professionals or children to foster expression and imagination.
Artists will compete to optimise the space sheltered by large trees protecting the visitors
from the heat. In the evening a flower market and stalls will create a party atmosphere for
tourists to enjoy. [slide] These are again present and projected views.
[slide]
The last area of the garden will be dedicated to developing a forested area with
large trees which historical value is to be preserved. Planting new species of trees near extinction will be the priority. The forested area will be a park lined with pedestrian axes that
will enable visitors to discover a small botanical garden and simultaneously learn about the
most popular aquatic plants of the country such as water lily, lotus and jonquil. A few kiosks will be built to serve as resting areas or weather shelters. A light show between the
forested area, filtering the rays of the sun and the ponds filled with aquatic plants which
need heat and light to blossom, will make up a life-size living painting. [slide] More pictures
illustrating the current and projected state in this area.
[slide]
I now move on to the traffic issue. This map depicts the present condition of the
road network. This is the National Road 6, crossing through on this axis; here are the different hotels located around the square and to the east the river and the bridge. [slide] This
is the bypass proposal which will turn the street facing the Royal Residence into a pedestrian area; vehicles will be diverted before the bridge at the crossing with Sivutha Boulevard.
[slide]
This is detailing the crossing opposing the Royal Residence. The oncoming traffic
from Phnom Penh crosses the one-way bridge and turns right towards Angkor or makes a
detour to reach NR6 towards Puork through the street along the Angkor Grand Hotel. The
crossroads to be developed will ease traffic turning left or right.
[slide]
This is the Angkor Grand Hotel crossroads; from the bridge a vehicle can drive
straight ahead to join with NR6 or turn left opposite the Angkor Grand Hotel towards Sivutha Boulevard and turn right in front of the Sokha Hotel at the traffic lights. This crossroad
is to be developed.
[slide]
Detail of the third crossing opposite Sivutha Boulevard: Located at the crossroads of NR6 and Sivutha Boulevard in the north south axis. Traffic will be diverted left or
right so that the street fronting the Royal Residence becomes pedestrian. This pedestrian
street will be harmonised so that it fits with the existing gardens and creates a promenade.
[slide]
This slide presents the bypassing ways with the construction of the new bridge.
[slide]
The areas to be developed cover 2.5 hectares, with a pedestrian street of 320 x
6 metres. Paving will be re-laid during the development. Street lighting will be mounted
and evening activities will liven up the area and attract tourists.
[slide]
This perspective more clearly shows the axes which will be one way or two way.
A study measured the time taken when the bypassing roads are driven through presently, that is without the new bridge. We calculated from the present bridge to Sokha Hotel
and vice versa. The study was done in the morning between 9 and 11 at a speed of 25
km/h and it takes about two minutes on average.
[slide]
[slide]
This is the proposal with the bypassing roads and the new bridge. On Sivutha a
new traffic light will be erected and some streets will become one way only. A comparative
study was also done with the new bridge to compare distances and times. It will still take
two minutes from the Angkor road towards the Amansara Hotel bridge, whereas the time
will be the same whether you drive crossing the ancient bridge or the newer one, with an
average of 3.5 minutes.
[slide]
This table summarises the recommendations for the garden developments: new
studies of the layout of the garden, as per the recommended design; development of pedestrian axes in the garden and along the river; repaving of the gardens; installation of
street lights in the garden; traffic lights at the new crossroads; traffic signs in the garden;
studies of the plants and flowers to be planted in the garden; redevelopment of existing
ponds with the creation of a light and sound show at the large pond (water jets synching
with light and music; this is based on the sound and light show of the 2006 Angkor
Gyeongju exhibition); and finally the establishment of a Garden Management Committee.
[slide]
The final aim is once again to secure the harmony of the environment surrounding the Royal Residence. I thank you for your attention.”
III.7 Report on the bypass road in the Angkor Park, by His Excellency Dr. Hang
Peou, Deputy Director General, APSARA National Authority, introduced by
Professor Azedine Beschaouch, ICC-Angkor Scientific Secretary
“Excellencies,
The bypass road aims at diverting unnecessary traffic inside the Angkor Park.
[slide]
The objective is to ensure that the Angkor Park can be bypassed from Roluos to
Angkor without driving through the city centre. The route begins at National Road 6, after
the West Baray on the way to Puork and bypasses the Park on its north side to join with
National Road 65 to the east of the Park and to the north of Roluos.
[slide]
Access roads leading to the Indratataka Baray and the Lolei temple near Roluos
will be also developed. [slide] As will the roads leading to Banteay Samre and Pre Rup.
[slide]
This map illustrates what I mentioned earlier, where the bypass road coming
from the north of the Angkor Park joins with National Road 65. There are some areas that
need to be tarred, as shown here in red dots covering existing laterite roads and thereby
non-destructive for the ground. There is then the need to continue this axis by building a
road, represented by this red line, which will then bring the bypass road up to National
Road 6 before Puork and after the West Baray. In yellow you notice bridges that will need
to be built and the shoulders will be accordingly developed for drainage as represented by
these yellow squares in several locations.
III.8 Report on the Management of Forests at Angkor, by His Excellency Mr. Chhor
Thanat, Deputy Director General, APSARA National Authority
[OrigE]
“Excellencies,
[slide]
I will expound on the management of the forest in the Angkor Park. The forest
plays an important role in stabilising the subsoil of the temple and preventing any natural
disasters in the Angkor Park. [slide] In 2002, forest covered an area of 12,785 hectares. In
2006, forest covered an area of 11,447 hectares. The department patrols regularly and
monitors the forested areas in zones 1 & 2 of the Angkor Park with special management.
[slide]
This is how the forest was divided into blocks and numbered to render the monitoring and patrolling more efficient. We call it block mapping. [slide] I would like to give you
the definition of the forest according to the Food and Agriculture Organisation from the
United Nations, the FAO. Forestland is defined on the basis of following criteria: it must
include 10 percent minimum of forest cover over 0.5 hectares of forest area and with a tree
height of over five meters.
[slide]
To collect data we use the following methodology. We locate with GPS the locations in the field, then we transfer the UTM point to a GIS programme to verify them with
aerospace images and block mapping.
[slide]
This table presents the forested land in 2013, with zones 1 and 2 of the Angkor
Park, Banteay Srei Park and Roluos Park. They represent in total 17 blocks of which
5,737.11 hectares are forested and 34,378.40 hectares are considered as non-forested.
The total is 40,115.51 hectares.
[slide]
These different maps present the changes in the forest cover between 2002 and
2006 and [slide] between 2006 and 2013. [slide] As you can see on this graph, the cover has
increased in zone 1 from 3,000 hectares to almost 5,000 hectares and while decreasing
until 2006 it has been slightly growing for the past years in zone 2.
[slide]
A map of the forest cover of the Angkor Park, with examples of trees and what
we call a growth in colony. [slide] What are the expected outputs of our work? The forest
cover in the Park has increased for two reasons. The first is reforestation and the second is
putting a halt to the illegal exploitation of the forest.
Regarding the first reason, we have carried out reforestation and seedling distribution
to the communities. The planting has helped enriching the soils in areas where the forest
had been degraded. [slide] This shows you activities carried out by different groups, for example here, the cycling tour at Phnom Bok primary school or planting along the Korean ring
road and the East Mebon in collaboration with the Sokha Hotel Group.
[slide]
Another activity here with the ceremony of the delegation of the fourth Trail of
Civilisation. [slide] In these pictures, reforestation activity at Barang Dam, in collaboration
with the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport. And this below is the reforestation to the
north of Preah Khan Temple, organised by the ASEAN Youth Association. [slide] Tourists also
engage in what they call memorable tree planting, as here in these pictures from Spean
Angkor.
[slide]
The communities were very much engaged with activities, with the participation
of monks, local authorities and local people to contribute to the protection of the forest in
the Angkor area. [slide] This is tree seedling distribution to communities, institutions and
NGOs.
[slide]
The second factor for the extension of the forest cover is the prevention of illegal
activities within the forest. Regular patrols search targeted areas and in this picture below
you can see an illegal woodcutter caught red-handed.
[slide]
The conclusions from our activities are that the forest is in harmony with the
temples and the people, as they are closely interrelated with culture and community.
The sustainable forest management has increased forest cover within the Angkor Park.
The increase of forest cover has enhanced the greenery of the Angkor Archaeological
Park, and thereby attracts tourists (eco-tourism). Sustainable forest management has
resulted in increasing the biodiversity and ecosystems within the Angkor Park.
III.9 Report on the development of the Angkor Wat parvis and the enlargement of
the parking area, by Mr. Son Pharath, architect, Department of Urban Heritage
Development, and His Excellency Mr. Sok Sangvar, Head of the Tourism
Management Plan Unit, APSARA National Authority
Presenter not specified:
“Excellencies,
[slide]
I would like to present the Angkor Wat parvis development project in this progress report on the works. [slide] The first phase of the project has included the
implementation of the clearing of all vehicles from the promenade areas and established
pedestrian zones opposite Angkor Wat. In red on the map are areas where parking is prohibited to vehicles.
[slide]
This sketch of a map illustrates the first phase of the locations of the road signs
prohibiting parking of any vehicles (car, buses). [slide] The signs have been installed on both
sides of the main axes, as is shown in this picture: towards the car park on the way to
Angkor Wat, towards Angkor Thom south of the parvis and opposite the car park.
[slide]
The construction of the Visitor Centre began on the 7th of September, 2014.
Foundation holes have been carefully dug in order to prevent damaging the roots of the
trees to be preserved. The foundation locations have sometimes been relocated.
[slide]
This is the general map, with the forthcoming parvis and the second phase
where tourist facility buildings will be located as well as the botanical garden and other developments.
[OrigE] [slide]
Why do we need to extend the car park at Angkor Wat? Simply because the
capacity of that present does not suffice, as it is full, notably without sufficient spaces for
buses. [slide] This map shows you the existing parking and areas to be extended. [slide] The
goal is the management of a proper car park including flow management to reduce traffic
disorder and congestion and improve the visitor experience while promoting the cultural
landscape of Angkor.
[slide]
The car park areas will be located adjacent to the existing parking. [slide] This
draft design gives you an idea of the look of it. [slide] Further details here. It will cover an
area of 102 x 85 metres and will be able to accommodate 102 buses. This car park will be
only for buses and connect with the existing car park. There will also be a bus transfer station.
[slide]
Obviously, all these works need the support of the ad hoc experts of the ICC and
collaboration is needed between the existing Angkor Wat parvis team, the related department and the ad hoc experts.
General discussion
No supporting document available
C.
TRAINING
III.10 Report on the training programme in the field of restoration: end of Cycle 1
(2012-2014) and initiation of a new Cycle (2014-2016) by Ms. Sisowath-Men
Chan Devy, Director of the Heritage Mission and Ms. Mireille Grubert, Director of
the École de Chaillot
Ms. Mireille Grubert:
“Excellencies,
[slide]
Training of trainers in architectural, urban and landscape heritage is one of the
components of the cooperation in training heritage professionals and has spanned a cycle
of nine years, from 2007 until 2016. The cycle has been divided into three training sessions
from 2007 until 2010, each for a duration of one year, which trained 62 professionals (from
Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam) and of two session for trainers from 2012 until 2016.
[slide]
Among those professionals trained between 2007 and 2010, eleven are architects or archaeologists and work with the APSARA National Authority, with nine others
working at the Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts.
[slide]
How did the institutional aspect unfolded? Actors were mobilised as early as
2003, including the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of France, represented by Mrs. Francine
d’Orgeval, the Ministry of Culture and Communication of Mr. Bruno Favel and with the support of the French Embassy. Financing is through a Fonds de solidarité prioritaire (FSP,
Priority Solidarity Fund) from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, with subsidies from the Ministry of Culture and Communication.
His Highness Prince Sisowath Kulachad, Secretary of State at the Ministry of Culture
and Fine Arts and Michel Verrot, architect and urban planner for the French government
and project manager of the FSP from2001 until 2010, designed the project.
The training is organised and managed through the Heritage Training Centre in Cambodia, supervised by Sisowath-Men Chan Devy, the École de Chaillot from Paris in charge
of the curricula and scientific responsibility represented by Mireille Grubert and Natacha
Pakker. Sylvain Ulisse was appointed FSP project manager in 2012. [slide] There are also
professors collaborating with Chaillot, Alexandre Melissinos or the ICC ad hoc expert, Professor Lablaude.
[slide]
The main feature of the project is its regional network with Cambodia, Laos and
Vietnam. The study sites are rotating in the three countries for each session. The education
methodology is based on professional workshops with hands-on training. Each seminar focuses on two fields: city and architecture. This training of trainers is among the first of its
kind, comprising of actives, educational and participative methods advocating empowering
and the ability to convey knowledge.
[slide]
Workshop seminars see to the transfer of competences and knowledge. To transfer knowledge one needs to master the topic conveyed. These workshops allow trainees to
thoroughly master the methodology previously taught (documentation, diagnosis, synthesis
and finally the project). Finally, thanks to these workshops, trainees acquire the abilities to
convey information using their knowledge and the methodology.
[slide]
Seminars are organised as follows: a day presenting the site and related issues
(in classroom), five days of team work on three topics, three days of synthesising the information, followed by a gathering of the data produced and a day presenting the work
done. Topics are, as I said, monument and city fields. [slide] Here is a picture of the team in
Hué, Vietnam, when they worked on the citadel.
[slide]
Finally, a reminder of our open lectures, which take place at the École de Chaillot
in Paris. This is an example, a lecture given by Mr. Beschaouch on World Heritage Challenges. If you would like to get more information on the school, visit our website.
Ms. Sisowath-Men Chan Devy:
“Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen,
[slide]
I would like to take stock of the first 2012-2014 session regarding the training of
trainers. This will also include the work of the Heritage Training Centre and the training of
trainers’ first session, as well as its application, such as the proposal to protect urban heritage, training, an exhibition and a conference. There is also work being done on the roof of
the National Library in Phnom Penh. The second session of training of trainers started last
year and ends in 2016.
[slide]
Let’s begin with the 2012-2014-stocktaking exercise. The aim is the training of
Cambodian, Vietnamese and Laotian professionals to become trainers with the longer perspective of establishing a network of professors and experts from the three countries. For
the first session we had 14 trainees (six Cambodians, five Vietnamese and three Laotians)
and 36 auditors (21 Cambodians, 10 Vietnamese and six Laotians).
[slide]
As briefly mentioned by Mireille Grubert, the curriculum is divided into two fields:
architecture (buildings and monuments) and the urban space (built-up or open spaces and
landscapes). It is the École de Chaillot which is in charge of the curricula and scientific approach. This table presents the five workshops organised during the first session of
training, with three workshops organised in Cambodia, one in Luang Prabang, Laos and one
in Hué, Vietnam.
[slide]
The outcomes of the first session resulted in the graduation of 13 students, with
36 auditors awarded attendance certificates. The graduation ceremony was organised on
the 14th of June, 2014 chaired by her Excellency the Minister of Culture and Fine Arts of
Cambodia.
[slide]
Now, the practical aspect of things with the applications implemented by the
Heritage Mission. Some of our activities include the identification of urban heritage, in this
picture the Post Office quarter in Phnom Penh, which has been analysed with a safeguarding and rehabilitation map prepared. [slide] The same was done on the Chinese
neighbourhood, also in Phnom Penh. [slide] Another building in critical condition is the National Library, where a preliminary study was carried out before undertaking any
restoration works. Most urgent interventions have focused on the library roof with the restoration working-site started on 17 November 2014.
[slide]
One of the roles of the Heritage Mission is capacity transfer. To this end, we welcome trainees and especially architecture students from the Royal University of Fine Arts
(RUFA) in Phnom Penh for three to six months and students of ENSA (a French architecture
school from Toulouse) for five months. We also have a training building project carried out
at RUFA with lectures and cooperate with the ENSA Paris Belleville.
[slide]
As mentioned earlier on, we organised an exhibition featuring the city of Phnom
Penh and its heritage called Once upon a time…Phnom Penh. It was opened on the 30th of
September, 2014 at the Institut français in Cambodia.
[slide]
The new training session for trainers from 2014 until 2016 is planned tentatively, as on this table. Once again, there will be five workshops; the first is to be held this
month in Siem Reap, and four others distributed between 2015 and 2016, which makes a
total of three in Cambodia, one in Vietnam and one in Laos.
General discussion
IV- TECHNICAL REPORTS
IV.1 Questions and Answers on reports on the projects implemented by the
APSARA National Authority and the progress report of the projects conducted by
the international teams (reports distributed in advance)
V- AD HOC EXPERTS’ REPORT
V.1 Report from the ad hoc Group of Experts for Conservation, by Professors
Mounir Bouchenaki, Giorgio Croci, Kenichiro Hidaka and Pierre-André Lablaude
Professors Mounir Bouchenaki and Giorgio Croci’s reports not available
Pierre-André Lablaude:
“I would like to add a few words following the different technical items that were
presented by my colleague, Mr. Giorgio Croci, regarding the key issue of the anastylosis of
the Hall of Dancers at Ta Prohm.
You may recall that a few years ago, when the Royal Government of Cambodia entrusted our Indian Colleagues from ASI with the conservation of Ta Prohm, they proposed a
very ambitious project of anastylosis of the complete temple which raised some eyebrows
among our group of ad hoc experts.
The reason was that this project was questioning the former adopted restoration
scheme of decades of conservation in Angkor, as Ta Prohm and this is the case for other
monuments, was conversely ‘preserved’ in its ruined condition, engulfed in vegetation and
forest.
This touched upon a frequent discussion in terms of conservation and restoration of
monuments, to ascertain whether a monument should be set back into its original condition
or conversely stabilised and preserved in the state it was found in throughout the aftermath
of history. Very rapidly the completely collapsed Hall of Dancers has found itself at the
heart of this debate.
I have to admit that our Indian colleagues managed to persuade us on the value of
following the anastylosis approach for the Hall of Dancers.
The project was initially validated for the northern section of Hall of Dancers and was
a mixed bag, with the south section left as it was found so that visitors could see the difference. This anastylosis was initially limited and dialectic and spread to half of the southern
section and the works are now nearing completion.
The visit to this work site has reminded us of a very important aspect, which is that
architecture does not only concern stone, something filled, it also encompasses empty areas and, foremost, space. This space of the Hall of Dancers, which no one had been able to
appreciate for more than five or seven centuries, is now showing its splendour with this
spectacular hypostyle Hall, unprecedented in its dimensions in ancient Khmer architecture.
Faced with the reality of this wonder, the question can be raised whether the initial
mixed scheme of a didactic presentation confronting ruined and reassembled sections
should be continued, or the anastylosis should be streamlined to the complete Hall to reset
the wealth of its space—knowing that less than a quarter of the area of the Hall (26 spans
out of 117) is still in ruins and that 98 percent of the original stone has been preserved.
We have considered that the potential decision to change the adopted scheme at Ta
Prohm is too important in its principle and impact on the monument for the sole expertise
of the ad hoc experts.
This is why we are asking to discuss this (during the next ICC technical session) with
all of you, not only on the Hall of Dancers but extended to the whole temple complex.
We have deemed important that this questioning with regard to the sections in ruins
and those reassembled through anastylosis, the thin line between the one and the other,
should be scaled up to the whole complex and that our ASI colleagues may to this end establish a proposal setting their objectives for the whole of Ta Prohm. Our Standing
Secretary will later propose the drafting of a summarising recommendation to this aim.
Regarding Banteay Samre and road network projects: His Excellency Dr. Hang Peou’s
presentation on Banteay Samre goes beyond this lone monument, as it covers a large area
of the Angkor site, especially with regard to hydraulic and road infrastructures. Notably, the
APSARA National Authority led a general project for the gradual re-flooding of the ancient
barays of Angkor. The North Baray has already been subjected to a refill, with spectacular
results.
The eventual long or mid-term flooding of the Lolei or Eastern Barays would require
the rerouting of the several roads presently crossing them. The new layout of these roads
would connect them to existing roads or extend them and could significantly reduce traffic
in the city of Siem Reap when looking at the bigger picture. Nevertheless, the rerouting
could include some of the banks of the aforementioned barays or crossing areas that may
be home to significant archaeological structures.
The group of ad hoc experts recalls the previous unfortunate road levelling works
that took place at the Western Baray a few years ago and those that were undertaken last
year at the archaeological site of the Ta Prohm parvis.
Nowadays, the knowledge of the Angkor site has changed, notably thanks to the LiDAR technology that has revolutionised our understanding of the site. Thereby, it is no
longer acceptable that such public works are carried out without prior systematic scientific
documentation and archaeological investigations of structures and areas potentially impacted by these works.
The rerouting or possible extension of existing road networks should be an opportunity to reconsider in several places their present relationships with some major monuments,
which are sometimes blatantly contradicting the original layout and aspect principles.
Consequently, whilst supporting the overall project or re-flooding of the barays, the
group of ad hoc experts: 1. Concurs with the rerouting of some roads that presently encroach on the footprint of historical structures, while strongly suggesting building a bypass
road for the whole World Heritage Site, in order to prevent traffic jams and to ease traffic
flow control. 2. For the implementation of these different works, the group recommends
careful planning and carrying out of rescue archaeological research. These prior interventions should be considered as binding before any works of this kind are undertaken and this
in particular for the banks of the East and Lolei Barays.
3. To conclude, the group of ad hoc experts underscores the benefits that such projects can bring to the monuments of the affected areas, for example in terms of recognition
and access to the temple of Pre Rup or by switching the present north side access of the
Banteay Samre temple to its original east-west axis.
Mr. Kenichiro Hidaka:
[OrigE]
“I will start with the temples of Lolei and Bakong. Mr. Ly Vanna of the
APSARA National Authority, DCMA, and Professor Hans Leisen of GACP guided the ad hoc
experts. We thank them and their staffs for detailed explanations.
Ly Vanna’s team is in charge of architectural consolidation and restoration, as we saw
in his morning presentation, while professor Leisen’s team conducts the conservation of
sandstone sculptures and other surface decorations. The collaboration of these two teams
is excellent and exemplary in their high quality of intervention and safety management of
the site.
I highly appreciated the tough and diligent work implemented on these sites, both on
the architectural and smaller decorative scales and express my respect for the proficiency
and skill of Mr. Tan Sophal, deputy director of DCMA, and the unparalleled expertise of Professor Leisen, who is continually fighting against exfoliations, detachments and other
serious deterioration.
Risk maps have been designed to record pathological types and to prioritise the order
and degrees of intervention. This method was recommended in our recommendation of
2011 and we express our appreciation for this process, which works on a detailed scale,
smaller than that applied for the broader Risk Map Project of Angkor Thom. Small-scale risk
maps are very practical and may be elaborated on and updated by the archaeologists and
conservators of each site on the basis of minute observations and examinations.
Brick structures are relatively vulnerable and anastylosis is generally not feasible. The
sites of Lolei and Bakong show difficult challenges as one of the oldest brick structures in
Angkor area. Structural relocation should be done very carefully to keep the total balance
and distribution of stress. Otherwise simple intervention done for its good may create new
cracks on the other side.
As is naturally supposed, high technology for this delicate work has been developed in
various ways; we have to think of a future possibility to introduce these sophisticated
methods when the diagnosis gives critical, dangerous data or the structure itself shows
symptoms of imminent destruction.
In this respect, long-term monitoring is absolutely necessary. Our recommendation
from 2011 said: ‘It is recommended to ensure accurate monitoring of movements and displacements for all of the eight towers at Bakong’. I hereby add the necessity of installing an
adequate monitoring system on Lolei’s towers as well as on the southeast tower outside the
second enclosure of Bakong.
During the visit, particular attention was paid to the severely damaged sandstone
‘trilithe’ (the composition of one beam supported by two side pillars) at the entrance of the
northeast tower of Lolei complex.
Two options are taken into consideration for the restoration of the upper part of the
structure: a) To dismantle the lintel and the brick wall in order to reinforce them before the
relocation; b) To reinforce the lintel and the brick wall in situ, without any removal. We will
recommend the second option for Lolei.
Ancient bricks are generally stronger compared with newer ones. The re-use of the
ancient bricks scattered near the monument is desirable. But the number of ancient bricks
which are usable for restoration is limited, and the addition of new bricks is inevitable for
the restoration or consolidation of large volumes of the structure.
The ad hoc experts appreciate the principle adopted by Mr. Ly Vanna and Mr. Tan
Sophal: to add new bricks for the inner part, leaving the original ones on the surface facing
outwards. This approach guarantees visual consistency between the original and the restored parts of the structure.
During the visit, particular attention was also given to the east brick tower of Bakong.
The original lintel fell down in 2009 and restoration has since been carried out. Some points
of our recommendation of 2011 have not yet been implemented, such as covering the uppermost part of the structure against rainfall, and installation of permanent bars embedded
in the structure along each side using an appropriate connection and anchorage system.
Then, to close my comments, I add two points for the purpose of making our activity
more effective and to raise awareness of the issues: the first point is on the ‘monitoring of
the implementation of our recommendation’, and the second ‘sphere-area and positioning
of our activity regarding the recommendation’.
On each site we are given explanations. We really appreciate the cooperation of each
team. Very quickly, we exchange our opinions and make our recommendations, which
should be the bases of any following development of the conservation work.
Along with the pressing schedule of site visit, however, it is difficult to gain feedback
from the supervisors and workers of the site. Were our recommendations really implemented without any problems? Were there no modifications due to unpredictable
situations? The implementation of our recommendation is not a question to be answered
simply by ‘Yes’ or ‘No’, ‘Nothing’ or ‘100 percent’.
The monitoring of the fulfilment of the recommendations as well as necessary adjustments or modifications (downgrading or upgrading) of our requirements have rarely
been done. In this respect, I also regret the lack of communication between the people in
charge of each site and ourselves.
Even though there are logistical difficulties in accommodating our site visits with our
always tight schedule, I hope that some improvements would be taken into account for the
efficient monitoring of the implementation of our recommendations, which necessarily increases their credibility and reliability.
To move to the second point: Sphere/area and positioning of ad hoc experts within
the ICC. We are called ‘international experts’, which means we are assigned to make recommendations on international cooperation sites, or are we ourselves international to give
recommendations generally for the conservation of Angkor as a whole?
If the APSARA National Authority has some challenges which may need to be discussed with us, is it proper for us to enter into discussion with them regarding
institutionally domestic affairs? Or should we not mingle with the internal conservation programme which necessarily bears Outstanding Universal Values?
Maybe we have to go back to check and consider the original spirit of the ICC or the
original definition of the positioning of the ad hoc experts. What should be the nature and
significance of our recommendations to be submitted independently and directly to the
chairpersons of the ICC?
As we are celebrating the 20th anniversary of the establishment of this unique tool for
conservation, we should have occasion to redefine our task and duties in the light of unique
characteristics which have always successfully driven conservation in the vast site of Angkor. This review and clarification may surely be the model of exemplary significance for the
new Preah Vihear ICC.”
V.2 Report from the ad hoc group of experts for sustainable development, by
Professors Bernard Hubert, Jean-Marie Furt and Shinji Tsukawaki
Professor Bernard Hubert:
“Excellencies,
This report drafted as Phase II of the Angkor Participatory Natural Resource Management and Livelihood Project (APNRM&L) supported by the New Zealand Government under
the responsibility of the Department of Land Use and Habitat Management of the APSARA
National Authority, has reached Phase III. It is now called Angkor Community Heritage &
Economic Advancement (ACHA). In late October, the experts received the Activity Completion Report of the APNRM&L and the Inception Report of the ACHA Project. On the first of
December, in the afternoon, a site visit was organised, attended by H.E. Khuon Khun-Neay,
who has spearheaded the project for the APSARA National Authority and Mr. Jady Smith,
leader of the Live & Learn Project.
The Banteay Srei visit gave a concrete image of the project’s achievements, such as
tourism development on the shores of the Srae Prey Lake (which is in fact a baray), the
pilot farm (horticulture, local poultry farming, etc.), the solar panel platform, the wooden
carving workshop, etc. Along came collaborators of the APSARA National Authority CLT
(Community Liaison Team) which allowed us to meet and exchange with local community
actors who are in charge of these above-mentioned achievements. We assessed the value
of these activities for the villagers and the smooth relationship they maintain with the CLT
teams.
This visit confirmed the favourable feelings we had reading the 2010-2013 report on
the activities carried out within the framework of the APNRM&L, furthering our first feeling
of the initial 2011 visit in the early stages of the Phase II of the project at Srah Srang. The
particular approach of this project was to favour a participative approach with local communities and to base the activities on the priorities identified by the consulted villages.
One of the first outcomes of this selected methodology has been the establishment of
the CLT teams within the APSARA National Authority, who are responsible for interacting
with the local communities within the respect of a trustful and constructive relationship and
subsequently training these communities to collective action and participative labour techniques. The CLT is the cornerstone of this approach and it will be vital not only to uphold it,
but to reinforce its human and material resources, notably with vehicles that can be used
all year round.
In the field, the project developed activities in several sectors:
- Improvement of farming yield (rice, poultry, aquaculture, etc.) to provide for the
food security of the rural families (which is presently not the case).
-Establishment of local saving groups so that underprivileged families may borrow
for small investments.
- Training to the making of handicrafts and marketing the sale of these local
ucts.
prod-
- Solar panel installation (linked to water pumps, battery chargers, etc.).
- Distribution of water filters essential for sanitation of water used for
ments.
refresh-
- Setting up of small tourism projects (ox cart or boat tours) directly managed by
the local communities.
- Water management infrastructures (flood, irrigation).
- A land use map has been designed by experts, confirmed by aerial pictures with the
view to stabilising the families’ right of use.
- etc.
These achievements have exemplified the potential activities that could be set up so
that local people can benefit from the momentum of the economic development generated
by the Angkor site (within the respect of the wording of our 2012 report). To preserve the
people and their activities (farming and forestry among others) is not only critical for the
society, but also for the preservation of the heritage landscape that set the monuments in
the natural and social spaces they have been conceived and built within. In the APNRM&L
report, the temporalities of these social change processes are underlined, as is the need to
“take time” to start transformation of life-style and practices in particular when the latter
requires to be empowered and renewed by the concerned actors, which is the only real way
to successfully achieve any innovation.
This is the reason we are supporting ACHA and the third phase of the project being
implemented. Beyond the numerous goals set following the inception phase and heeding
the multitude of new institutions committed in ACHA, it is deemed essential to uphold the
spirit and approach experimented successfully during Phase II with the intervention of Live
& Learn Environment Education spearheaded by Jady Smith.
Increasing staff and resources would consolidate the CLT. It would enable the APSARA
National Authority the constitution of a field team close to the locals with whom they work
in mutual trust on development projects that may associate local communities with economic perspectives that the attractiveness of the Angkor site has opened on the world
scale. The CLT officers, once the cooperation projects have been completed, will be responsible for the sustainability of ongoing or future activities and for their commitment in the
collective endeavour with the local communities.
It is also respecting the temporalities pertaining to any social change processes and
the necessary mutual training they are based on. Haste is not on the agenda and do not
expect any quantifiable outcomes in the short term that may satisfy donors. The stakeholders at hand need time to implement their projects and to perhaps produce innovative
outcomes, even unlikely ones, but which relevance and sustainability in the field will be
secured because they are the results of activities supported by the concerned stakeholders
themselves, etc.
Finally, the ACHA project places water management as a core issue (refer to the
logo), a crosscutting approach that we can only approve of: Water is an asset for farming,
a threat when flooding, a vital component of living humans’ nutrition, which health depends
on the quality of water, etc.
We would like to congratulate the APSARA National Authority and especially H.E.
Khuon Khun Neay for the quality of the visits organised and of the exchanges and of the
work implemented over the past few years within the APNRM&L Project framework.”
Mr. Jean Marie Furt:
“Excellencies,
The preparation work for this ICC has taken us to several sites. I report on on-going
and future developments, notably at Ta Prohm and Angkor Wat and on the monitoring of
the works started by the team of the Tourism Management Plan (TMP). My colleagues will
present our observations and questions on the APSARA National Authority/New Zealand
project and on ecotourism development at Kampong Phluk.
[slide]
With regard to works and projects at Ta Prohm, they have common goals regarding improving tourism flow and increasing safety for visitors. Showing a willingness to
improve the quality of the visit, they are carried out by two different teams lacking proper
coordination.
At the last technical session and guided by Mr. Ros Borath, we had visited the site.
Works initiated by the APSARA National Authority under Mr. Ros’ leadership aimed at easing traffic and decreasing the mess at the western gate of the temple, as well as improving
ground drainage in the rainy season and finally building a bypass road, stopping traffic opposite the temple and allowing vehicles to park at the rear.
In our last report we insisted on several points, and, in particular, on the need to present a comprehensive plan for the forthcoming installations and to be informed in detail on
the selected materials and colours. The plan was handed over to us yesterday. In terms of
methodology it lacks detail and besides this, experts in conservation also need to be consulted. [slide] What we have found is that the areas, the developments and the arrangements
seem to match with what had been described to us. In terms of emergency and continuing
activities, trees need to be planted as planned (holes have been dug), as this will help solving drainage issues; there are also problems with the disorderly parking of motorcycles and
in terms of flow management, tackling issues as a whole so that they will not be replicated
in other areas of the Angkor site.
[slide]
This point needs to be strongly recalled as further development of the space is
planned on the East Gate, which should be developed similarly to the work being undertaken at the current gate. The plans of the future developments were also handed over to us
yesterday. It is stated that the number of selling stalls should be cut back to a list dating
back from 2005 (the exact number was not mentioned) and simultaneously to scale down
the area occupied by businesses and, an important point, to move them to the rear, where
they used to be, which is in the background of the site plan. [slide] This would clear the entrance and obtain an area where traffic will flow and parking will be created to prevent any
bottleneck and improve the safety of the area of the entrance gate.
These proposals seem reasonable and we would simply like to recall our previous observations on the social acceptability of the project and the need to take time to explain to
the stall owners that they will be relocated to an area at the rear of the car park.
[slide]
Regarding the new itineraries proposed. Some members of the TMP team led by
Mr. Sok Sangvar accompanied us during the Ta Prohm visit. They are establishing several
potential management flow projects inside the temple and works carried out will impact
their choices. The APSARA National Authority has collated data showing that peak visiting
hours are between 10 and 11 a.m. with some 1,600 visitors inside the temple, which leads
to congestion of the central area of the complex and is a factor of potential threat to the
building and safety of visitors.
The TMP team proposals are based on the use of two gates (West and East) and the
establishment of several itineraries inside the complex using distinctive signage. They also
want to empower the guards to a greater extent; they will be located in key locations to
regulate the flow. They also need training, so that they may take action with tourists in
order to protect the temple or to respond rapidly to modify some itineraries.
[slide]
These projects shall be implemented. They represent significant advances in particular for the role bestowed to guards. Nevertheless, they might be of no effect without:
Proper overall coordination of the different services; broadening the scope of the issue
(flow management shall be planned as early as at the ticketing stage) and potentially without any changes to the organisation of the work (to pull away from an organisation by
departments to start articulating the organisation by temples or group of temples with the
appointment of site managers).
I move on to the Angkor Wat parvis. [slide] One year ago we visited the site of the
works on the forthcoming parvis. Taking into account the emblematic nature of the site, we
insisted on the need to standardise projects and on the continuing uncertainty and inaccuracy of the project. Mrs. Chau Sun Kérya and Mr. Sok Sangvar guided us this year for the
visit. This visit has led us to make two types of observations
The first is general and deals with the general aspect of the site. The site of the works
has been fenced with the erection of signs indicating a new circulation flow. Several spaces
of 4 m² have been delimited on the ground to accommodate the building pillars and crosses etched on some trees indicate that they will be cut.
[slide]
The report given to us during the visit mentions delays in the construction of the
Visitor Centre due to an annual financial audit carried out on the contractor selected for the
works. With regard to the uncertainty hovering over this contractor, the Korean government shall multiply controls. Indeed, the report extensively outlines the need to prepare
the population (stall owners, drivers, etc.) which is a positive aspect, but it does not mention any accurate planning or detailed schedule. It only presents three overall plans, mainly
focusing on the traffic issue. We are also still waiting for more details on the materials and
colours to be used, on the areas allocated to the visitor centre and shops.
[slide]
The plan that we worked on during the site visit mentioned the construction of
three shopping malls over an area of circa 1,000m². We are thereby obliged to recall that
the Royal Decree from 28 May 1994 forbade any industrial and commercial development
inside protected sites apart from small-scale activities related to the maintenance and protection of the cultural landscapes and archaeological reserves. Also recalling that several
resolutions and notably that of the 31st of January 2011 (most of you here were present)
insisted on the need to limit the built area to 500 m² and to preserve trees of value for
natural or cultural heritage.
[slide]
Heeding all the uncertainties related to this project we could only recommend
halting the works.
The second observation is on the car park. The site visit presented wrongful use of
the space allocated for the car park with exaggerating large flowerbeds, the lack of use of
potential extensions, although this is a solution planned by the TMP team, and also a blatant safety issue for tourists. Indeed, the latter in order to reach the planned facilities and
the temple, will cross and walk on a busy road which connects Siem Reap to the airport.
Therefore, the road should be slightly detoured to bypass the whole length of the car park.
Regarding progress made with the TMP: last year, we mentioned that the TMP should
enable better tourism development in Angkor, reuniting the site with its territory and to
secure a more operational governance system and thereby more crosscutting.
Mr. Sok Sangvar informed us on the progress of his teamwork and we spent an afternoon of exchange with him and close collaborators. [slide] They explained their work
methodology, priorities, etc. Regarding the methodology, they have distributed the six key
activities as determined in the initial document and based on them implemented concrete
actions as the following table explains:
- Improve the visitor experience by setting up Angkor Wat and Angkor Thom itineraries.
- Mitigate the impact on the site by thinking out the creation a passport for Angkor and
establishing a code of conduct.
- Develop the collaboration with the tourism industry for a more sustainable tourism
through the establishment of a consultative group.
- Obtain the commitment of all stakeholders for more benefits for the locals and to set
up more participative governance. All of these objectives necessitate widening the consultative group.
All this work is completed with a thorough reflection on the design of a mini TMP for
Angkor Thom which would be used as a trial before mainstreaming the initiatives piloted.
Work is progressing and the first outcomes should be felt next year (for example
feedback from the consultative group). This would enable us to kick start some activities
still shelved (for example governance and windfalls for the locals), as they require longer
processing.
The discussions and works started have highlighted the limitations of the organisation
chosen for the establishment of the TMP. Indeed, the usual operational organisation may
be considered as satisfying to begin the project, whereas the development of a said same
project may be confronted with the lack of cooperative culture of some of the stakeholders
and the absence of any efficient regulatory mechanism.
For example, the work on flow management may be inaccurate due to incomplete
statistics (it is actually the case as the latter amalgamates all visitors without establishing a
distinction between individuals and groups). The TMP is a philosophy, but also a tool. The
tool may be used to lead into one direction, but the philosophy needs to permeate all directions, otherwise the tool will be unusable or could be swamped into the multiplication of
small targeted activities. This will be reflected in our recommendations.”
Mr. Shinji Tsukawaki:
[OrigE]
“I will rather concentrate on the environmental aspect of what we have
seen these last few days. [slide] As you have heard, we went to Ta Prohm where, as you can
see, the conditions of the present access by the East Gate are not ideal. [slide] The shops
have already been moved to the new location [slide] here at the West Gate. We noticed some
inadequate conservation techniques for large trees, as shown in this picture.
Let’s move on to Angkor Wat and the new parvis. [slide] The work is informed with
signboards put up and the area to be developed has been fenced and, [slide] as shown here,
openings for foundations have been dug. [slide] The car park area for vehicles has also been
developed to the west of the parvis.
[slide]
As for The Tourism Management Plan, Jean-Marie has mentioned it, notably the
new role that the guards will take. [slide] The Apsara New Zealand project includes tours
managed by the local communities and improvement of the living conditions with better
nutrition and development of solar panels for access to electricity. [slide] Handicraft production is also promoted.
[slide]
Let’s move on to Kampong Phluk, which boasts beautiful landscapes, dense inundated forest and a unique culture. The people of this village live in stilt houses and the
ICC participants visited this village back in 2008. It is located on the lowermost reaches of
the Roluos River, circa 30 kilometres from Siem Reap. There are around 700 households for
a population of 3,500.
[slide]
The ad hoc experts for Sustainable Development pointed out the cultural importance of the village as well as the vital ecosystem during the 22nd Technical Session of
the ICC-Angkor. They also reported various changes, mostly of large infrastructural constructions in and around the village and in the forests due to recent marked development
for tourism. You can see in these pictures the construction of a platform on the lake and of
a restaurant in the forest.
[slide]
We visited the village of Kampong Phluk on the morning of 2 December 2014 to
grasp the present conditions of the natural environment, the ecosystem in particular, and
to hear village leaders’ opinions about present life of the village people. [slide] Fresh water
fishery in and around the village, and in the Tonle Sap Lake is thriving. Various fishing
methods and techniques are observed in the area throughout the year.
[slide]
Inundated forests to the south of the village. The water depth was about five
metres when we visited. The dense forests have protected the delicate village houses from
strong waves and winds from the lake. [slide] The village starting to be regularly visited by
overseas tourists from 2002. The village people had managed local tourism until 2009
themselves. A private sector company started to manage tourism in 2009 under an agreement with the village, and it developed tourism in and around the village area. Another
private sector company also started its activities in June of 2014. These two private sector
companies have taken over portions of management of the area until now. We visited a
platform restaurant and walkways in the dense forests, constructed by the first private sector company in 2012.
[slide]
Considering the tourism project, whatever the type of organisation managing, a
private company or the local community, those in charge have to take urgent care of the
state of the road as well as the depth of the canal. A road in poor condition, muddy and
slippery, and a canal which depth does not allow the fair circulation of boats, could seriously threaten the attractiveness of the site for tourists.
[slide]
Because the village is noted for a unique ecosystem and its cultural uniqueness,
both are very sensitive and easily threatened; thus, careful exploitation must be carried out
in and around the village. Adequate discussion and mutual agreements within all members
of the community should be made before exploitation. Further, thorough discussions between the provincial government, local authorities and communities, private sector
companies and the APSARA National Authority should take place in order to protect the
cultural and natural values of this unique village.
I would like to conclude my presentation with this thought: We might have been too
hasty when developing Angkor. We should look back over the past 20 years in order to
identify adequate mechanisms for the sustainable development of Angkor for the future.
VI- THEMES FOR DISCUSSION
VI.1 Managing tourism at Angkor, theme introduced by His Excellency Mr. Sok
Sangvar, Head of the TMP Unit, APSARA National Authority
[OrigE]
“Excellencies,
[slide]
Managing tourism in Angkor is not an easy task. I have prepared a presentation
that could help us navigate through the discussion. The following topics will help the flow of
the debate: Tourism in Cambodia, cultural tourism in Cambodia, cultural tourism in Angkor,
cultural tourism in APSARA and then time for discussion and questions.
[slide]
First, tourism in Cambodia: There are several destinations to choose from: the
coastal zone for seaside tourism, the northern part for ecotourism and the capital for urban
tourism. The heart of tourism lies here in Angkor, cultural tourism. Since the start of the
Win Win Policy (1998) the country has lived in peace, and has been stable and enjoying
economic growth. Some numbers: there were 286,524 international visitors in 1998; there
are 4.2 million international visitors in 2014 (of which more than 50 percent visited Angkor).
[slide]
Cultural tourism in Cambodia has a high potential due to the country’s rich tangible and intangible heritage. There is a need for sustainability (Culture & Economic) and
for setting up proper management plans and systems to ensure income generation for the
national economy, job creation, visitor experience and cultural knowledge for visitors, mitigation of the impacts on the site and contribution to the conservation and promotion of
heritage and culture.
[slide]
To this end the Heritage Management Plan was established on the 27th of December, 2013. A Tourism Management Plan (TMP) was set up to implement it. It is
structured with a head, a deputy and several members and can consult the advisory board.
[slide]
For better understanding, the Tourism Management Plan was translated into Khmer
and English.
[slide]
We carry out several communication activities, some internal, like here in July
2014 and at the national level by speaking or taking part in conferences such as that on the
Ministry of Tourism stocktaking exercise in February 2014 or the Travel Agent association
in April 2014 and the Tourist Guides Association in April 2014. On the international scene,
we went to the Sophia University Regional Cultural Heritage meeting and to the international conference on Tourism and Heritage Protection in Myanmar and also visited JICA in
Japan.
[slide]
Besides the above, we also collaborate with partners. We have established the
APSARA–Private Sector Consultative Group on Tourism Development: APSARA is now an
Affiliate Member of UNWTO, and the Angkor Sankranta 2015 was organised in cooperation
with the Union of the Youth Federations of Cambodia.
[slide]
We are also aware of the need to carry out capacity building activities and thereby hire consultants for the Tourism Management Plan. They help us on site or here during
the progress report and carrying capacity exercise. [slide] We were also delighted to welcome
our first international trainee. We travelled to the tourism management learning programme in Guangxi, China and sent one of our members for an internship on cultural
values and management of historic sites with the Ministry of Culture, Paris, France.
[slide]
We set up a pilot project for Angkor Thom. A map of the Angkor Thom site has
been designed and other activities such as information panels, signboards, conservation
and safeguarding the condition of structures have been implemented, and we have also
monitored the behaviour of guides and APSARA National Authority Guards. We are also in
the process of improving the current tour itinerary in Angkor Thom.
[slide]
What have we achieved until now in Angkor? We have developed a new tour itinerary for Ta Prohm Temple, revised the uniform and equipment for tourist guards and
developed tourist guards’ floor plans for each temple.
[slide]
The next steps are: Regular tourism liaison meetings; implementation of the
Angkor visitor code of conduct; increase capacity building; extension of the car park at
Angkor Wat temple and creating a bicycle lane from Angkor Wat to and around the Bayon.
[slide]
I would now like to talk about cultural tourism within the APSARA National Authority. Since 1995, the APSARA National Authority has mainly focused its work on
restoration, conservation and research. As a result, the temples have been prevented from
collapsing, some temples have been restored, many artefacts have been found, inscriptions
and carvings have been studied and knowledge and skills have been mutually improved
and exchanged.
[slide]
The APSARA National Authority is now facing a new challenge: tourism. A first
point regards the lack of balance in the APSARA National Authority human resources, which
is mostly staffed with conservators – architects, archaeologists, and engineers – rather
than tourism-graduated officers. Also, the majority of the international projects have been
more focused on the field of conservation and restoration, rather than tourism.
[slide]
To conclude, I would like to raise a few questions: how can conservation work
and tourism development be better linked? How can capacity building in the tourism field
be increased within the APSARA National Authority? Flow management: the need for more
carrying capacity studies at Angkor.
[slide]
VI.2 Environment pollution in the Angkor Park, theme introduced by His
Excellency Dr. Hang Peou, Deputy Director General, APSARA National Authority
[OrigE]
“Excellencies,
Ladies and gentlemen,
[slide]
I will present on the environmental pollution in the Angkor Park, using a presentation drafted by the APSARA National Authority in collaboration with Kanazawa University.
Let’s start with some indicators for monitoring the environment in the Angkor region. First
indicators measure the surface water by surveying the flow and the discharge (streams),
the water level of moats, ponds, reservoirs, barays, streams and the water quality. For the
groundwater, the water table needs to be surveyed and the quality checked. For the forest,
a survey of the forest must be conducted along with an inventory of the landscape.
For the weather: weather stations need to be used knowing that measuring air quality
is vital, as air pollution is an environmental factor that can have important implications for
tourism in the long term conservation of monuments. Air quality monitoring contributes to
the use of the Risk Map for heritage management.
[slide]
Air pollution sampling: this map illustrates where we have located the sites for
sampling air pollutants. There are mobile stations on this map, with number 1 at Angkor
Wat, inside the temple. Number 2 is amid an urban environment on Route 6, beside the
main road running through to the centre of town. Number 3 is in a suburban area, at the
office of the Department of Water Management. The gas monitoring sites are located for A
in Angkor Wat, at the parking in front of Angkor Wat. The second, B, is at the ticketing
checkpoint before the monumental area (in zone II). The monitoring station is also there.
[slide]
These pictures present the mobile station. We also have the air quality monitoring station which I mentioned earlier. These stations allow for long-term monitoring of the
air pollution at Angkor across a 10-kilometre radius. Data has been collected on components such as O3, NO, NO2, NOX, SO2 and MP2.5. Data analysis allows greater
understanding of the degree of pollution.
[slide]
We have carried out surveys. This is the monthly change of total suspended particle concentration in Siem Reap and here the monthly change of PAHs (Polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons) concentration in Siem Reap.
[slide]
I suggest several topics for discussion, such as: the effect on the conservation
of monuments, the issue of traffic, waste material treatment, awareness of the local people, promoting international research teams and joining the global network of air pollution,
and, for example, the establishment of a working group.”
A. Presentation by Professor Hans Leisen
[OrigE]
“Excellency Deputy Prime Minister
Excellencies,
Dear colleagues,
I was asked to prepare a short presentation on the influence of pollutants on the
natural stone of the monuments. To do this in a short time is quite difficult, for it is a very
complex matter, but I shall try to be brief.
[slide]
You all know the frightening condition of many of the reliefs in Angkor, especially at Angkor Wat. The dynamics of weathering can be very high, the decay can be very
rapid due to an advanced stage of alteration, the detachment by contour scaling, as can be
seen in these pictures.
We have explained several times in our presentations during the ICC Technical Sessions, that in this case the deterioration is: [slide] 1. Caused by water and the composition of
the stone, respectively the binder in the sandstone, the clay minerals and [slide] 2. by soluble
salts originating from bat guano. Later, we will see more pictures from salt damages.
The salt ions SO 4 2-, NO 3 - and PO 4 3- are typical for animal deposits in Angkor; however SO 4 2- ions can also be derived from the use of Portland cement during a former
intervention. Salts can either damage by: A. crystallisation, developing pressure on the
pore walls and B. by hydration of the salts, so the volume of the salts increases, in the system Thenardite Na 2 SO 4 – Mirabilite Na 2 SO 4 x10H 2 O around 315%. The pressure and volume
enlargement leads to structural degradation.
[slide]
The situation in Europe is significantly different, especially in cities with dense
traffic and industries. The heating of houses also plays an important role. Therefore, we
have damage mainly due to pollution, with the formation of damaging salts. However, for a
long time the relationship between pollution and the weathering of natural stones on monuments and sculptures was not fully accepted.
[slide]
Therefore, in the 1960’s, Siegbert Luckat started an experiment. He constructed a so-called Emission Rate Measuring device, IRMA, and affixed three of them to different
monuments, where in the mid 19th century an identical sandstone material was used for
construction: At the Cologne Cathedral with heavily damaged stones in a city with high pollution rates; the Ulm Minster with medium levels of damage and at Neuschwanstein Castle
in a pure air region, where we could not observe any damage to the sandstone.
[slide]
The conclusion was that concentration of SO 2 and the formation of sulphuric
acid (H 2 SO 4 ) corresponded to the damage. On the monuments with high emission loads we
find gypsum and dangerous magnesium sulphate salts. The next two slides show the damaging effect of these salts. In the salt analysis of damaged monuments we find mainly
SO 4 2-ions (Sulphate), little Nitrate anions, forming gypsum and epsomite – hexahydrate at
the presence of magnesium, a quite different salt cocktail compared to that of Angkor.
[slide]
In general, we can divide the mechanisms of weathering into: chemical weathering, where we find all the mechanisms caused by pollutants; physical weathering with
salt weathering, induced by different pollutants and biological weathering, which has a
physical and a chemical influence on the stones.
[slide]
Hydrocarbons can cause an increased growth of microbiology. The risk factors
for damage to the monuments in Angkor by air pollution are: the burning of rubbish, the
burning of wood, charcoal, fuel oil/diesel and traffic (car, bus and motorcycle emissions).
[slide]
Therefore, the recording of the concentration of the relevant pollutants is of
eminent importance. But I would propose starting a programme for measuring specific
damaging pollutants at the site with passive samplers: Different sandstone samples with
different reactivity, to get more information on the deposition rates. Then we can calculate
the absorption of pollutants as a function of the measured concentration. Therefore, we
have to control the emission sources, the polluters and the immission and deposition onto
the monuments.
Thank you very much for your attention.”
B. Presentation by Groupe Bolloré
Presenter name not specified:
[OrigE]
“Excellencies,
[slide]
In Cambodia and especially in Angkor Wat, famous for its temples, 12 centuries
of history are now threatened by pollution and the growing number of tourists. While the
exceptional growth in the tourism sector has for years contributed to the upswing of the
Cambodian economy and in particular that of the Siem Reap region, the number of tourists
visiting the archaeological sites has now reached a critical threshold in terms of pollution
and number of visits.
With visitor numbers reaching four million this year, the Angkor Archaeological Park is
rapidly reaching its full capacity.
This situation has created three main issues: 1) Overcrowding of the temples, impacting on the specific atmosphere of the site, which the authorities in charge of
conservation would like to preserve. 2) Traffic, as more vehicles enter the Park from and to
Siem Reap. 3) Air pollution from the exhaust emitted by the vehicles, which result in acid
rain which both destroy Angkor stone monuments and bas-reliefs and has become a public
health issue.
[slide]
There is, therefore, a need to set out a new Tourism Management Plan (TMP) for
the region and, as an appendix, a master plan for transportation development. This transportation development master plan will have to include the setting up of a fleet of electric
vehicles (EVs) as it will not be possible to double the present numbers of polluting vehicles
to ferry the forecasted additional three million visitors for 2020.
In this perspective, the conservation authorities, including UNESCO and the International Coordinating Committee for the safeguarding and development of the historic site of
Angkor (ICC) under the auspices of APSARA–responsible for researching, protecting and
safeguarding the cultural heritage as well as for regional development and developing tourism in Siem Reap province–have defined three focal points for the new Tourism
Management Plan of the Siem Reap region:
•
•
•
Increasing the measures to conserve and protect monuments in order to reduce the
damage caused by the growing number of visitors.
Reducing the pollution generated by the growing number of vehicles moving through
the Angkor Archaeological Park each day.
Increasing the quality and the duration of the stay of tourists by diversifying tours of
the temples and the activities proposed in the Angkor Archaeological Park and in Siem Reap, in order to generate more profit and regulate the flow of visitors.
In order to achieve a more sustainable and ecological management of the Angkor
World Heritage Site, in 2013 APSARA created the TMP working group to implement the
Tourism Management Plan (TMP), which consists of national and international experts. One
of the priority actions of the Tourism Management Plan–in collaboration with UNESCO and
with support from the Australian government-is to improve the flow of tourists in Angkor in
such a way that minimises their impact while ensuring a great visiting experience.
APSARA has also recently established an expert group to systematically collect social
and scientific data concerning emissions and pollution as well as their impact in order to
prepare measured and effective responses to mitigate any damaging effects. Responses
under consideration are:
•
•
•
Upgrading of the weather stations in order to provide more accurate data on pollution levels, in particular the acidity of the rainwater.
Initiating recycling programmes which would involve the education and motivation
of the local community, so as to not only make Angkor greener, but to explore the
generation of income at various levels.
Exploring the option of modernisation of the tourist transportation system with a
broad choice of more ecologically friendly solutions, which will actively maintain the
involvement of the local people who are already involved in the transportation field.
[slide]
As part of its mission, the APSARA, in association with the concerned ministries,
exercises a common control over the institutions managing the Angkor site and the development of the Siem Reap region. In this respect, and taking into account the three focal
points of the new Tourism Management Plan, the APSARA has defined the solutions it wishes to see implemented on the following points:
•
Greater protection for the monuments by setting up systems to manage and regulate the flow of visitors in the Angkor archaeological park.
•
Reduction of pollution by setting up a fleet of non-polluting electric vehicles to
transport people within the Angkor Archaeological Park and the design of systems to
collect, store and redistribute energy from renewable sources – solar, wind, hydraulic and dynamic power.
Thereby, the APSARA National Authority invited the Japanese JDI group and the
French Company BlueSolutions (Bolloré Group) to the ICC conference of the 5th of December 2013, to bid for the potential electric vehicle solutions that may solve the
transportation issues in Angkor and to submit their proposals to the ICC conference for approval.
[slide]
‘Bolloré Group proposes not only to make its competences available to Cambodia, but also to promote Angkor as the flagship in Asia and China in particular, for smart
technologies and non-polluting renewable energies.’ Vincent Bolloré (response to the invitation of H.E. Doctor Sok An, Deputy Prime Minister of the Royal Government of Cambodia).
Mr Bolloré has made a proposal, an action plan that will roll over three steps, in three
years. Phase 1: To build a 100% solar-powered Electric Vehicles (EVs) station to display
Bolloré’s existing technologies, such as electric cars, buses and power storage and to present these technologies to the ICC experts, APSARA and other Angkor watchdog
authorities. Phase 2: Launch of a pilot project during the ICC international conference in
December of 2014. Phase 3: Set up a fleet of EVs connected to the smart grid to provide
tools to regulate the flow of tourists in the park. [slide] Here some of the vehicles we presented at the last ICC. Let’s now move to the different phases.
[slide]
Phase 1 : A Show-room of BlueSolution’s existing smart technologies: In order
to protect this World Heritage Site, a BlueSolutions Electric Vehicles station, consisting of a
solar farm of 360m² connected to a BlueStorage of 180 Kwh, set the example every day.
For the first time in Asia, while enhancing the strength of an abundant and free resource –
solar energy – our solutions enable BlueCar and BlueBus to circulate, as well as various
stationary applications.
[slide]
The Angkor Electric Vehicle Station: It covers 6,000m² of APSARA land in the
Special Touristic Economic Zone (60 x 100m) and is located 200 metres north of the new
Visitor Centre, on the road to the temples. The land has been planned as the EVs station of
Angkor since 2003. There is also a showroom of BlueSolutions technologies and energy
transition.
[slide]
This is all powered by what we call the Blue zone. It is 100% autonomous and
powered by renewable energies. We plan a 360m² solar farm: installing sun powered solar
panels (of the best quality in the world), 6 groups, 10° inclination, 100% aligned East-West
for a maximum production of almost 400kWh. One BlueStorage: A 180 kWh storage capacity which supplies the whole station with electricity 24 hours a day. It charges the EVs
and does not impact on the local EDC network power current draw. Finally the excess of
production (concept still under development) is redistributed to villages.
[slide]
The Bluecars and Bluebuses: 3 BlueCars: a convertible version of the BlueCar
(prototype) which is powered by a 30 kWh LMP battery, with a 100% recyclable light aluminium body ensuring the BlueCar a minimum weight (1 ton) and maximum acceleration.
Good engine performances in tropical/hot climate and increased autonomy, 300 kilometres
instead of 250 kilometres in France, due to hot weather and flat terrain. Two BlueBuses:
Powered by 3 batteries delivering 90 kWh, increased autonomy, around 200 kilometres
instead of 120 kilometres in France, due to hot weather and flat terrain.
[slide]
We would like to act as a social model and be Blue Ambassadors by creating
new jobs and opportunities for Khmer people: drivers, technicians in maintenance, mechanics & repairers, engineers & electro-technicians and managers. We want to set an
example: good salary and bonus practice, fixed salary throughout the year, more holidays
than legal obligations, health insurance and driving license offered, English and computer
training, internal promotion and, finally, defining a social model for tuk-tuk drivers.
[slide]
Phase II is the pilot project. [slide] There are 20 EVS pilot projects to test operational modus operandi. As Phase 1 has been a success with both local and international
guests visiting our station showroom, and as Cambodian authorities are satisfied, the Bolloré group now wishes to implement Phase 2 – a pilot project with 20 EVs – to test in real
conditions the feasibility of the development of a fleet of EVs in the Angkor Archaeological
Park.
In order to do so, the Bolloré group will present to the ICC international conference in
December 2014, the BlueSummer electric car–the new Bolloré electric car which design is
perfectly adapted to visit Angkor–and will announce its intention to operate for a one-year
period 20 BlueSummers to test and validate operational assumptions.
At the end of this one-year test period, once assumptions have been validated and
Phase 2 is a success, the Bolloré group will submit a proposal during the ICC conference in
December 2015 for Phase 3, to launch a fleet of 60 BlueSummers.
[slide]
The 20 BlueSummer cars: Convertible (with windows), Buggy-like design perfectly adapted to visit Angkor, 20 vehicles with driver, a driving range of 250-300
kilometres and a 30 Kwh LMP battery. For this pilot project, BlueSummer EVs, in limited
numbers, can only be used as individual vehicles. On demand service: BlueSummer EVs
will be rented per day to visitors that wish to be independent during their visit or customise
their trip. Driven by ex-tuk-tuk drivers as a part of the Bolloré social model, BlueSummer
will allow visitors to experience the temples at their pace, without noise and in an ecofriendly fashion.
[slide]
For the past two years, we have been closely collaborating with the APSARA, the
Tourism Management Plan (TMP) and JDI, with a dual objective:
-
To provide the necessary studies and surveys in order to hand over to the
participants of the ICC the missing recommendations and tools so that they
can understand and evaluate the ‘electric projects’ that will be submitted to
them.
-
To provide a study which will define the ‘electric projects’ framework: The
guidelines, spirit and ethic of the electric solutions that should be implemented for the protection of Angkor and to support tourism development. The
regulations that the APSARA National Authority and the government need to
enact in order to see to a smooth rolling out of the ‘electric project’ activities
and to secure investments. The criteria allowing access to this electric market.
These studies will not only enable the expert group to provide the ICC members with
the necessary recommendations and tools to assess the ‘electric projects’ but also the legal, financial and fiscal framework which will apply to any future projects.
We want Angkor electric to be a model for conservation. In this prospect, even if the
study is not finished yet, I would now like to propose five criteria to evaluate all existing
and future electric projects for Angkor: a social model for tuk-tuks, taxis and buses; an
energy model that requires partial renewable energy, to limit the demand on the local power grid and Cambodia’s energy dependence; a technical model that requires an energy
storage, to avoid power current draw during EVs charging that could damage the local EDC
power grid; a sustainable technological model, whereby EVs and batteries must have a long
life expectancy (which can be measured in cycles or kilometres); a recycling model for EVs
and particularly batteries, to avoid turning Siem Reap into a dump for ultra-polluting batteries.
[slide]
VII- POINTS OF INFORMATION
VII.1 Report on the 38th Session of the World Heritage Committee, by Professor
Azedine Beschaouch, ICC-Angkor Scientific Secretary
VII.2 Announcement about the UNWTO-UNESCO Conference in Cambodia, by His
Excellency Dr. Thong Khon, Minister of Tourism
[OrigE]
“Excellencies,
Ladies and gentlemen,
This is a brief report on the World Conference on Tourism and Culture 2015, organised in Siem Reap in February of 2015. [slide] It is co-organised by the World Tourism
Organisation, UNESCO and the Royal Government of Cambodia through its Tourism and
Culture and Fine Arts ministries.
[slide]
The objectives are to identify key opportunities and obstacles for a stronger cooperation between tourism and culture; to discuss new partnership models and identify
policy recommendations for cross-sectoral engagement.
[slide]
The following institutions or organisations are welcomed to attend and send representatives: Ministers of Tourism, Ministers of Culture, National Tourism Organisations
(NTOS), destination management organisations, cultural and heritage managers, tourism
and culture associations, private sectors, culture and conservation experts and practitioners, NGOs and media.
[slide]
The agenda of the conference is structured with two main blocks: a ministerial
dialogue and four technical sessions:
1. Promoting and safeguarding culture,
2. Living cultures and creative industries,
3. Linking people and fostering development through cultural routes,
4. Cultural tourism and urban regeneration.
[slide]
The Conference will focus on some key crosscutting issues: governance models,
stakeholder participation, community engagement and sustainable development, capacitybuilding, quality of the visitor experience, innovation and technology, corporate social responsibility and the ethics of sustainable tourism and finally public awareness,
interpretation and visitor roles in promoting and protecting cultural values and heritage.
[slide]
4
th
The conference will be held at the Meriden Angkor Hotel in Siem Reap from the
to the 6th of February, 2015.
[slide]
This is the daily programme. On the 4th, the opening ceremony, followed by a
welcome gala dinner and a cultural performance. The conference ends on the 5th of February and on the 6th of February technical tours are organised.
[slide]
The opening ceremony on the 4th of February, 2015, will be presided over by
Samdech Akka Moha Sena Padei Techo Hun Sen, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Cambodia.
[slide]
The closing ceremony will be on the 5th of February and presided over by H.E Dr.
Sok An, Deputy Prime Minister, Minister in charge of the Office of Council of Ministers, and
Chairman of the Inter-Ministerial Organising Committee for WCTC 2015. [slide] The farewell
dinner organised on the 5th of February has yet to be confirmed in terms of venue.
[slide]
The conference has organised pre-conference tours for the 3rd of February, with
three options: Angkor Wat, sunset at Phnom Bakheng and the Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve. [slide] There will also be technical visits on the 6th of February, with this time six
options to choose from: Sunrise at Angkor Wat, Tonle Sap Biosphere reserve, a temple
tour, Sambor Prei Kuk temple and Preah Vihear temple. [slide] There is also a family programme on the 4th of February to experience Khmer life and relaxation or to see Angkor
Wat from the sky. On the 5th of February the same programme will propose either to make
your own Khmer lunch and handicrafts or the circus at sunset at the Bakheng temple.
[slide]
This is a list of the delegates that have been invited for their attendance knowing
that UNWTO includes 156 countries as member States and UNESCO 195 countries as
member States. [slide] Personal invitations, signed by H.E Dr. Taleb Rifai, Secretary General
of UNWTO and H.E Dr. Thong Khon, Minister of Tourism of Cambodia, have also been sent
out to ministers of Tourism and other VIP Delegates.
[slide]
The delegates can also register online through the website of the conference until the 5th of February 2015. [slide] Several hotels have been selected for the conference in
different categories. [slide] Airport reception and transfers are also planned.
[slide]
The working languages and papers will be the following. For material prepared
for the conference, these are translated into English and French and simultaneous translation during the conference will be provided in five languages (English, French, Spanish,
Russian and Khmer).
[slide]
VII.3 The Nginn Karet Foundation for Cambodia and its action in Siem ReapAngkor, by a representative of the Foundation
VII.4 Recent publications
VII.5 Calendar
VIII- ICC RECOMMENDATIONS
VIII.1
Adoption of the recommendations examined by the last technical
session and proposed with favourable opinion (recommendations finalised and
distributed in advance)
VIII.2
Presentation of the 21st ICC-Angkor Plenary session recommendations
by the ICC-Angkor Secretary
ICC–ANGKOR RECOMMENDATIONS
(21st Plenary Session Meeting
December 4, 2014)
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CONSERVATION
GENERAL RECOMMENDATION
The ICC-Angkor recalls its previous recommendations regarding ARCHAEOLOGY and
recommends that the Departments of the APSARA National Authority necessarily include, in their field programmes, a component of rescue/preventive archaeological
investigation prior to the works systematically comprising a diagnosis phase and, based
on the results presented in the operation report, possible extensive excavations of the
archaeological remains threatened by the works.
SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS
ICC–Angkor recommends:
1. Risk Map – Angkor Thom wall (APSARA)
a. The realisation of a Map of Priorities that take into consideration the intrinsic value of the building.
b. To undertake deep investigation and structural analysis to increase the reliability
of the Risk Map
c. To extend the approach of the Risk Map to the whole site of Angkor
d. The importance of associating ancient and modern techniques of conservation, if
necessary, taking into account the overall aesthetic integration of the different
elements.
e. The necessity of carefully monitoring the structural intervention in order to ensure
the quality of the works.
f. To forbid the passage of vehicles on the wall, in order to safeguard the structure.
2. Ta Prohm (ASI)
a. To undertake a survey of the vegetation, in order to propose, when necessary, a
proper propping for the trees.
b. To prepare a project proposal in order to relocate, if possible, the two small Buddha statues in the Hall of Dancers.
c. To use, preferably, stainless pins and bars, if the case pre-stressed, to anchor
and connect different stones. It is also recommended to hide the heads of the
bars.
d. To follow up the implementation of the drainage system. In this framework, it is
strongly recommended to carefully monitor the efficiency of the system during
the rainy season to avoid any negative side effects to the foundations.
e. To pay attention to the reconstruction with the use of old and new stones. To establish a criterion to follow on this kind of work is important, because the
contemporary use of old and new stones is frequent. The reconstruction of the
vault on the north side of the Hall of Dancers provides a positive example.
f. Before deciding what work will be undertaken or not on the southern galleries of
the Hall of Dancers, today still existing as an archaeological ruin, further analytical thinking appears necessary in order to propose an overall strategy for the
conservation of the temple as a whole.
Hence, the ad hoc experts emphasised the need to broaden the debate at the
next technical session of the ICC, in order to see more clearly the doctrinal principles that should provide a basis for future interventions on the monument as
well as the final goals contemplated, in the long run, for its restoration.
3. Banteay Samre (APSARA)
a. Subscribes with the principle of having certain roads by-pass places where their
rights-of-way go through barays and strongly suggest that a major by-pass road
be put in that goes around the world heritage site and thus eliminates traffic
congestion in the city and facilitates the control of traffic flows.
b. For the implementation of these different roads, it is recommended to carefully
schedule the work and undertake upstream rescue/preventive archaeology research comprising a phase of systematic diagnosis followed by a report and,
based on the results, possibly undertake extensive archaeological excavations
of the remains threatened with destruction. These prior interventions must be
considered as mandatory before any work is undertaken, especially along the
edges of the Eastern Baray and Lolei Baray.
c. In conclusion, the ad hoc group of experts stresses the benefits that such projects can have for the monuments in the zone concerned, such as in terms of
visibility and ease of access to the Pre Rup temple or, by enabling the current
northern side access to the Banteay Samre temple to be redirected, in the direction of its original access along its main east-west axis.
4. Banteay Srei (APSARA)
The ad hoc experts recommend the following actions:
a. The undertaking of a complete topographic survey in order to have a better definition of the original limits of the archaeological site.
b. Analysis of the health condition of the different trees in the perimeter of the temple and evaluate the potential risks for the conservation of the monument.
c. Dealing immediately with the water stagnation problems in the east causeway
along with carrying out an expanded archaeological survey prior to putting in any
such drainage system.
d. Closing the east entrance of the site, having tourist flows move toward the two
side gates, and thus properly safeguarding the inscriptions on the east gate
doorframes.
e. The ad hoc experts raise serious questions about the state of conservation of the
sandstone surfaces, now covered by a black biofilm that can cause deterioration
of this material. For this reason, it is recommended that a proper analysis programme be undertaken, along with tests to clean away this biofilm, prior to any
wider application as an overall treatment.
f. That the archaeological team of APSARA, together with the conservation team,
present, as soon as possible, a proposal for a secured building where these objects could be subject to a scientific inventory, properly stored and protected
from any further damage.
g. To identify and store all the objects still partially buried around the site that are
actually at serious risk.
h. The realisation of storage that should take into account the zoning specified in
the World Heritage Nomination dossier, considering the possibility to use the
free spaces in the area already housing the tourist facilities.
i. To destroy the present wooden building, which is in a very bad condition and
close to collapse, on the south side of the monument, and to provisionally store
the objects in APSARA facilities.
j. To definitively close the old National Road, for example at the level of the river,
in order to avoid any perturbation, due to the unauthorized passage of vehicles.
5. Western embankment of Angkor Wat moat (IGeS)
a. To extend the project for at least one year in order to properly complete the present intervention.
b. To realise the operation of compacting and installation of the laterite blocks during the dry season as was successfully done in the first part of the embankment.
c. To guarantee the proper purchase of equipment, especially geotextiles, that is
necessary in order to complete the process of reconstruction of this part of the
embankment.
6. Srah Srang (APSARA)
a. To pursue the works in line with the methodology adopted up to now and to present the successful result of the project to the next ICC meeting.
7. Lolei (APSARA / GACP)
a. To implement the recommendations made by the ad hoc experts’ group in 2011.
b. To reinforce the heavy lintel and relating brick wall in situ, in order to avoid the
risk and difficulty of removal of the cracked lintel and the fragile brick structure.
c. Not to dismantle the concrete support made by the EFEO, as it is still effective for
the structural stability of the façade, and is evidence of the history of intervention.
d. To restore the damaged column, appropriately restraining its decoration in order
to easily distinguish the new addition from the original column.
8. Bakong (APSARA / GACP)
a. To implement the recommendations made by the ad hoc experts’ group in 2011.
b. To harmonise the previous restoration, made by new weaker bricks, in order to
plan an intervention that can guarantee the necessary strength to the brick wall
behind and above the lintel.
c. To realise a proper archaeological inventory of the several architectural elements
scattered within the surroundings of the site.
To undertake laboratory analysis and mechanical tests on the material in order to assess the structural efficiency of the structure composed of ancient and new bricks.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS
Recommends an actual and efficient coordination in the departments of the APSARA
National Authority in order to enable trans-departmental projects to be efficiently implemented.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
The ICC recommends:
- that this project be taken on board officially; and
- that, in cooperation with the Department of Works of the City of Siem Reap, the
APSARA National Authority complete the necessary upstream studies and prepare a file to be submitted to seek funding.
TA PROHM: ACCESS AREA
The Group of Experts regrets that the recommendation of the 22nd Technical Committee has not been implemented with regard to reducing congestion at Ta Prohm and
with regard to the procedures for the submission of projects prior to their implementation.
The Group of Experts reiterates the recommendation of the 22nd Technical Committee
and stresses the necessity for better coordination amongst the departments of the
APSARA National Authority in order to develop a comprehensive plan including all the
gates and the internal visit circuit, existing or to be created, at Ta Prohm.
ANGKOR WAT PARVIS
Recommends the stoppage of works until a proper and functioning coordination system
is established within the APSARA National Authority and until technical details of the
project (including total surface, use of space, building surface and functions, etc.) of the
project are submitted to the ICC ad hoc experts through the Secretariat.
NEW ZEALAND COMMUNITY PROJECT
Appreciates the quality and the fairness of the report on Phase II as well as the
work which has been carried on in collaboration with the local communities.
Strongly recommends keeping the same spirit and approach for the third phase, i. e.
the focus on strengthening the Community Liaison Team (CLT) which is at the core of
the collaborative project between the APSARA National Authority and the local comINTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR
munities, thus enhancing a positive and respectful working relationship and respecting
an appropriate time span.
KAMPONG PHLUK
Because the village of Kampong Phluk is noted for a unique ecosystem and its cultural
uniqueness, and both are very sensitive and easily threatened, the group of experts
recommends that careful exploitation of ecosystems such as dense forests must be
carried out when the local community makes a plan to touch it up. The group also advises that adequate discussion and mutual agreements between all community
members should be made before the exploitation.
Considering the touristic project, whether a private company or the local community
manages the organisation, those in charge of it have to urgently address the state of
the road as well as the depth of the canal. A road in bad condition, which is both muddy
and slippery, and a canal which depth doesn't allow the fair circulation of boats, could
seriously threaten the attractiveness of the area for tourists.
TOURISM MANAGEMENT PLAN
Congratulates the TMP Unit for the scope and diversity of the works undertaken
as well as for the quality of the reflection it has been conducting.
Recommends the implementation of the first actions (especially the behavioural
code) in order to be able to make an evaluation at the next session.
Recommends, for the implementation of the TMP, an objectives-based approach
necessarily including a strong coordination with all concerned Departments.
SPECIAL RECOMMENDATION
SIEM REAP CITY CENTRE
The ICC-Angkor welcomes the project to establish a pedestrian space within the area
of the large park located in front of the Royal Residence.
An initial advantage of the project is that it rules out the recently contemplated plan of
having a main highway go through this zone as an extension of the existing Highway
No. 6 allowance. Most importantly, it will provide within Zone 3 of the Angkor Park (Siem Reap) a focus in Siem Reap, not far from the historical Old Market neighbourhood.
VIII.3 Adoption of the recommendations by the ICC-Angkor
IX- CLOSING SESSION
IX.1 Closing statement by the Representative of the UNESCO Director-General,
Ms. Anne Lemaistre, UNESCO Representative in Cambodia
“Your Excellency Deputy Prime Minister, Mr. Sok An,
Excellencies Ministers,
Co-chairs,
Excellency Mr. Kol Bunly, representative of His Majesty the King,
Excellency Mr. Khim Bunsong, Governor of Siem Reap province,
Excellencies,
Dear colleagues and friends,
We are concluding a fascinating session. As you have noticed during today’s proceedings, the Secretariat, in collaboration with the APSARA National Authority and the
international teams, has set up a more systematic monitoring of the recommendations. I
would like to express my gratitude for their friendly collaboration and their attention to the
implementation of the recommendations. We can already applaud several achievements,
such as the progress made with regard to the road outline within the site and in the town
centre of Siem Reap and the extension of the forested cover.
The training centre inaugurated today by His Excellency Sok An is a concrete and
quick answer to the debate on training that we held in June and also deserves our congratulations. To this end, UNESCO, which has been working extensively in this field, would dare
recall the recommendation of our ICC from last June with regard to the necessary cooperation with the Ministries of Education, Tourism and Culture and Fine Arts for the official
recognition of the training of heritage professionals.
Another implemented recommendation has been that on the follow up of excavations
in Koh Ker, thanks to a close collaboration between the APSARA National Authority and the
EFEO. I would like to warmly thank the two teams for the recent discovery of the pedestals
in the east gopura of Prasat Chen. UNESCO is encouraging Cambodian authorities to continue the diplomatic effort for the return of the missing pieces to the Kingdom of Cambodia
in compliance with the provisions of the 1970 UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural
Property.
Our exchanges this afternoon have embodied what will be at the focus of the great
international conference to be held in Siem Reap on 4-6 February 2015, with regard to the
topic on the relationship between culture and tourism. Isn’t Angkor the best example to
illustrate this relationship, which is paradoxically constructive and destructive?
As said by His Excellency Thong Khon this morning, this international conference is
unprecedented as it brings together UNWTO (World Tourism Organisation) and UNESCO
with generous support from the Kingdom of Cambodia, the host country.
This ministerial dialogue will bring together ministers of tourism and culture from the
four corners of the world and will look at politics and governance framework needed to facilitate a new collaborative model between tourism and culture. This model aims at
supporting responsible, cultural, inclusive and sustainable tourism contributing to the socioeconomic development of the host communities; it also promotes intercultural exchanges
and allows for the provision of sufficient resources to safeguard heritage.
Listening to the number of interventions today that related to site development, this
exchange of experience can only enrich our future endeavours. I would like once again to
invite the ambassadors attending to foster their respective ministries and experts to register online before the 5th of January, 2015. A detailed report of the proceedings of this
international conference will be presented during the June Technical Session.
UNESCO, as Secretariat of the ICC, would like to thank all of those that made this
session possible. First of all, His Excellency Sok An and the staff of the APSARA National
Authority for the quality of their presentations, our two co-chairs, in particular His Excellency the French Ambassador, who chaired over its maiden session. As Professor Sahai told us
when we visited Preah Vihear, you have been the masters of time (mahakala).
This ICC could not do without Professor Beschaouch and the ad hoc group of experts’
enlightened comments; they have overseen the consistency of the works carried out in
Angkor for many years, and we could not do without the diligence of the ICC Secretariat
team and the skills of the interpreters. May I here express my gratitude to all of them.
UNESCO would also like to thank the ambassadors for attending here in Siem Reap
and for their unwavering support for the safeguarding and sustainable development of
Angkor and also express its gratitude to all participants.
We have lived unforgettable moments thanks to His Excellency Sok An, with the establishment of the Preah Vihear ICC, the younger sibling of our ICC.
Both ICCs are unique places where scientific and technical issues on the safeguarding of heritage are discussed at the highest level. They are also international
cooperation mechanisms facilitating mutual understanding, intercultural dialogue and, in
fine, contributing to the promotion of sustainable peace.
It is with this frame of mind and a renewed momentum triggered by the birth of a
new ICC that a new decade is commencing. As Angkor is an authentic living site, I hope to
meet some of you at this Sunday’s Angkor half-marathon.
IX. 2 Closing speech by the French Co-chairperson, His Excellency Mr. JeanClaude Poimbœuf, French Ambassador to Cambodia
“Excellencies,
Dear colleagues,
It is the last segment of our proceedings and I would like to express my warmest
gratitude to all of those who actively contributed to smooth proceeding of this 21st Plenary
session of the ICC Angkor: namely the Royal Government of Cambodia and the APSARA
National Authority for their generous hospitality, UNESCO for the technical secretariat, my
Japanese Co-chair, Ambassador Kumamaru and of course all Cambodian and foreign experts from all corners of the world.
As this was my maiden co-chairmanship, I would like to thank, foremost His Excellency Sok An, who welcomed me, and all who sent me their best wishes. May I underline that
I have been very impressed by the scope taken by our ICC for the past 20 years. I was
actually stationed at the French Embassy in Tokyo during the 1993 founding ICC conference and I can assess the ground covered and I am delighted with this success. I am fully
aware of the challenges that must be faced to carry out a sustained and integrated management of the site, the main objective of this third decade of ICC. I am satisfied that this
session gave sufficient time to presentations and discussions on the management of tourism and pollution. I have noted down what H.E. Sok An said, ‘The house is on fire’ and his
wish to carry out an action programme. The decision to inscribe general interest topics on
the agenda has also been very relevant.
It was also important to take stock of the monitoring of the recommendations of the
previous session and I thank professor Beschaouch for his forthright report. I would like
this report to be taken upon by the relevant authorities.
We have also been informed of and interested in the major on-going works and progress on the sites and of new discoveries. I congratulate the teams in charge for the quality
of their work in the field and of their presentations during this session. Projects undertaken
with local communities supported by Germany and New Zealand have highlighted how important it is for the population to be more engaged in the economic development of the
region.
The ICC was also rightly reminded of the risks that some badly-designed projects
may bear on the site and its urban and rural environment. Actually, it is our responsibility
to exert all our consideration for the prevention of any developments that cannot be undone, either on the forest cover or on the unfortunate planning of road networks. The
concerns that have been expressed show that our endeavours must continue in order to
see to the sustainable development of the site.
Within this perspective, the training issue deserved the focus given, including capacity
building at the APSARA National Authority. On this topic, I am delighted with the opening,
early this afternoon, of the Angkor Training Centre, which scientific management has been
entrusted to Professor Beschaouch. We also heard a presentation on the programme implemented by the École de Chaillot with the Heritage Training Centre. I can assure you that
this programme will continue to benefit from the support of the French Ministry for Culture,
as Mr. Bruno Favel confirmed to me; the latter you all know very well in this assembly, and
he is sorry not to be among us today.
We have adopted new recommendations. Heeding these afternoon presentations, I
would like to emphasise the significance of those regarding sustainable development of the
site, the priority, I recall, of the third decade of ICC.
This is the end of a long day of proceedings, perhaps too dense, which leads me to
conclude that the organisation of our proceedings is in need of rethinking to preserve the
original vocation of this forum. We will have the opportunity to talk about this again.
Once again, I would like to thank you for your active contribution and I am looking
forward to seeing you all next year for our 22nd session.”
** Conclusion of the 21st ICC Plenary Session **
Participant list
21st Plenary Session of the ICC-Angkor
Siem Reap–APSARA National Authority 4 December 2014
No.
1
Name
AING Sovannroath
Title
Organization
Deputy Director General
Ministry of Tourism
APSARA National
Authority
Email/Tel
2
AIM Chamroeun
Dp. Cultural Devlopment, Museums &
Heritage Norms
3
Alain Brun
CEO Artisans
d'Angkor
4
An Sokchea
Dep. the Cultural
Development of Museums and
Patrimoniales Standards
APSARA National
Authority
5
André Dryansky
Interpreter EnglishFrench
UNESCO
6
ANG Sovannaroat
Ministry of Tourism
7
Anne LEMAISTRE
UNESCO Representative in Cambodia
UNESCO Phnom
Penh
a.lemaistre@unesc
o.org
8
Azedine BESCHAOUCH
ICC Scientific Secretary
UNESCO
azedinebeschaouch@hotmail.c
om
9
BAEK Kyunghwan
Architect
Korea Cultural Heritage Foundation
10
BAN Chandararith
Reporter
Reaksmey Kampuchea
11
Bernard HUBERT
Ad hoc expert for
Development
UNESCO
12
Bertrand PORTE
Archaeologist
EFEO
bertrandporte@yahoo.
fr
13
Blaise KILIAN
ICC Secretariat
UNESCO Phnom
Penh
b.kilian@unesco.or
g
14
BUN Limheng
Sous-secrétaire
d’Etat, Présidence du
Conseil des Ministres
Council of Ministers
15
BUN Narith
Director General
APSARA National
Authority
16
BY Sopheap
Public Order & Cooperation Dept.
APSARA National
Authority
012 440 282
lionelcourty@hotmail.co
m
puch_002@yaho
o.com
17
Cardinal HERVÉ
Directeur technique
Adjoint
SIAVB
18
Carini BERNARD
Directeur technique
SIAVB
19
CHAN Ponloeu
Community Action
Group
APSARA National
Authority
20
CHAN Tani
Secretary of State
21
CHAN Vathana
Department Director
APSARA National
Authority
22
Charles Bickford
Vice President
FOKCI
23
CHAU SUN Kérya
ICC Secretariat
APSARA Authority
24
CHEA Minea
Dep. Tourism Development
APSARA National
Authority
25
CHEA Pov
Directeur du Département de l’Audit
interne
26
CHEA Sopheak,
Cameraman
27
CHEAP Sotharoath
Conseiller auprès de
la Présidence du Conseil des Ministres
28
CHENG Hongbo
Director of the Political Section
Embassy of China
29
CHHAY Loeurn
30
CHHAY Rachna
31
CHHEAN Ratha
Directeur de Département par intérim
APSARA National
Authority
32
CHHEURM Srey Vattanak
Dp. Cultural Development, Museums &
Heritage Norms
Embassy of China
33
CHHIEU Nam
Deputy Director of
Department
APSARA National
Authority
34
CHHIV Yiseang
Interpreter FrenchKhmer
APSARA Authority
35
CHHONG Vira
Deputy Director of
Department
APSARA National
Authority
36
CHHOR Thanat
Deputy-Director General
APSARA National
Authority
37
CHHORN Sopheap
Under Secretary of
State
Ministry of Finance
Heritage Norms
Dép. de Conservation
des Monuments
d’Angkor et de
l’Archéologie
chantanim@gmail.com
apsara.ddta@online.c
om.kh
cheng_hongbo@
mfa.gov.cn
APSARA National
Authority
098 572 077
yiseangch@yaho
o.com
38
CHHUON Samedi
39
CHOU Radina
Directeur Adjoint de
Département
APSARA National
Authority
40
Christophe POTTIER
Archaeologist
EFEO
christophe.pottier@ef
eo.net
41
CHRUN Sophal
Department Director
APSARA National
Authority
067 678 888
42
CHUCH Phoeurn
President
National Authority
for Preah Vihear
chuch_phoeun@ya
hoo.com
43
CHUK Chumno
Department Director
Minsitry of Tourism
44
CHUK Chumnor
Director of Department
Ministry of Tourism
45
Clement PIERRE
President
AAA
46
D.S. Sood
Team Leader
ASI Siem Reap
dssood2006@gm
ail.com
47
Daniela Dempf
First Secretary and
Deputy Head of Mission
Embassy of the Federal Republic of
Germany
vw1@phno.auswaer
tiges-amt.de
48
Daniela FUGANTI
49
David RORKE
Interpreter EnglishFrench
UNESCO
emikostock@yahoo
.com
50
DENG Sambath
Department of Administration
APSARA National
Authority
016 853 383
51
DEP Sothon
APSARA National
Authority
52
Dinesh K. Patnaik
Ambassador
Embassy of India
53
Dmitry Tsvetkov
Ambassador
Embassy of Russian
Federation
54
Dominique ROBLIN
Vice Président Conseiller général
SIAAP
55
DUONG Sreyta
56
DUPUY jean jacques
Secrétaire Général
AAA
57
EA Darith
Deputy Director of
Department
APSARA National
Authority
EK Tha
Directeur Adjoint du
Département de
Presse et de Réaction
immédiate
58
ACHA
APSARA National
Authority
National Committee
for World Heritage
092 975 759
59
EM Srey Peou
Mekong- Ganga Museum of Traditional
Asian Textiles
APSARA National
Authority
60
Emmeline Decker
Conservation Scientist
Dipl.-Rest
GACP
61
Eric BOURDONNEAU
Archaeologist
EFEO
eric.bourdonneau@efeo
.net
62
Faisal Ahmed
IMF Resident Representative in Cambodia
IMF
LLengChan@imf.or
g
63
FAN Min
64
Florence EVIN
65
Francine D'ORGEVAL
66
Georgina Lloyd
Engineer
Journal Le Monde
CSA
APSARA National
Authority
Ministère des Affaires étrangères
Senior faculty
School for Field
Studies (SFS)
glloyd@fieldstudies
.org
67
Ginevra BOTTO
Project Manager
World Monuments
Fund
kvzmuehlen@wmf.org
68
Giorgio CROCI
Ad hoc Expert for
conservation
UNESCO
mail@giorgiocroci.c
om
69
HAN Ritha
Expert
Nara Institute
70
HANG Peou
APSARA National
Authority
hangpeou@yaho
o.com
71
Hans LEISEN
Project Director
GACP
hans.leisen@fhkoeln.de
72
Heigo NAKAFUSA
Multilateral Cultural
Cooperation Division
Ministry of Foreign
Affairs
73
Helen Ibbitson Jessup
President
FOKCI
h.i.jessup@att.net
74
Helene JARVIS
Advisor
helenjarvis@online.com.kh
75
HEM Sinath
Department Director
National Authority
for Preah Vihear
76
HENG Bunly
Cameraman
77
HENG Jeudi
Dep. Technical Support and Projects
APSARA National
Authority
78
HENG Kim Leng
Department Director
APSARA National
Authority
HENG Layhong
Dep. of Aménag .
Planning and Management of Habitat
Park
APSARA National
Authority
79
80
HENG Sophdy
Deputy Director of
Department
Ministry of Culture
and Fine Arts
81
Hiroshi Sugiyama
Archaeologist
Nara Institute
82
HOK Peng Sè
Department Director
APSARA National
Authority
des Monuments
d’Angkor et de
l’Archéologie
Secrétaire Général
Adjoint du Gouvernement
012 323 997
APSARA National
Authority
83
HONG Kolap
84
HOR Nam Bora
85
HOR Ritheanou
Office Director General
APSARA National
Authority
86
HOU Nolamony
des Monuments
d’Angkor et de
l’Archéologie
APSARA National
Authority
87
HOU weidong
Chief engineer
CSA
88
Hun BUNWAT
National Project Coordinator
World Monuments
Fund
89
HUY Bouy
Heritage Norms
APSARA National
Authority
012 52 02 88
90
HY Vireak
Under Sceretary of
State
Ministry of Culture
and Fine Arts
heivireak@hotmail.
com
91
IM Manith
Cameraman
92
IM Sithol
Scretary of State
93
IM Sokrithy
Deputy Director of
Department
APSARA National
Authority
94
IN Someth
Representative
Ministry of Finance
95
IN Sovann
Dep. the External
Sites Conservation of
Angkor Park
APSARA National
Authority
96
Ishimura TOMO
Archaeologist
Nara Institute
97
Jacques GAUCHER
Archaeologist
EFEO
98
Jady SMITH
ACHA
99
Jaganniwas Niranjan
ASI
100
Jay Ratman
Public Affairs Officer
houweidong@263.net
012 943 202
tomoishi@nabunken.go.j
p
jady.smith@livelea
rn.org
US Embassy
101
Jean Baptiste
CHEVANCE
Program Manager
ADF
102
Jean-Claude
POIMBŒUF
Ambassadeur
Ambassade de
France
103
Jean-François
CAUTAIN
Ambassador
European Union
104
Jean-Marie FURT
Ad hoc Expert for
Development
UNESCO
105
Jean-Paul Jacob
ancien président
INRAP
106
Joly THOMAS
Président, Maire de
Verrières le Buisson,
Conseiller général
SIAVB
107
Karina Orus-ool
Attache of the Embassy
Embassy of Russian
Federation
russemba@gmail.com
108
Károly Belényesy
Deputy Director of
HSARI
HUNINCO
belenyesy@gmail.c
om
109
KEAN Chenda
Heritage Norms
HUNINCO
110
KEAV Bunthoeun
Architect
EFEO
111
KEM REATH Viseth
Conseiller et Directeur
du Cabinet du VPM
SOK An
112
Kenichiro HIDAKA
Ad hoc Expert for
conservation
UNESCO
113
KET Sophan
Permanent Delegation
to UNESCO
114
KET Sophann
115
KHEAM Mony
116
KHEM Sameth
Cameraman
117
KHIEU Chan
Dep. Communication
APSARA National
Authority
118
KHIM Bunsong
Governor
Siem Reap Province
119
KHOUR Hout Eang
Department Director
National Authority
for Preah Vihear
120
KHOY Kim Tour
Advisor to President
APSARA National
Authority
121
KHUON Khun Neay
APSARA National
Authority
Ambassadeur du
Cambodge auprès de
l’UNESCO
des Monuments
d’Angkor et de
l’Archéologie
info@adfkulen.org
jmafurt@wanadoo.fr
akadih@heritage.tsukuba.ac
.jp
APSARA National
Authority
kaqc2004@yahoo.
com
122
KHUT Vuthyneath
International Centre
for Research and
Documentation of
Angkor
123
KIM Samnang
Dep. Technical Support and Projects
APSARA National
Authority
124
KOL Bunly
Under Sceretary of
State
Ministry of the Royal
Palace
125
KONG Puthyka
Director of Tourism
Department
National Authority
for Preah Vihear
126
KOU Vet
Archaeological chief
JASA
127
Krisna Uk
Director
Center for Khmer
Studies
128
LAO Kim Leang
Professor
Sophia University
129
Léa CHAMBONCEL
Chargée de mission
coopération universitaire
Ambassade de
France
130
LEGRAND françois
Vice-president
AAA
131
LIM Kannitha
Archaeologist
EFEO
132
LIM Ourk
Deputy Director of
Department
APSARA National
Authority
012 267 707
133
Lisa ACKERMAN
Project Director
World Monuments
Fund
lackerman@wmf.org
134
LIU Jianhui
Engineer
CSA
135
LOEU Channora
Dep. the External
Angkor Park
APSARA National
Authority
136
LONG Kosal
National Authority
for Preah Vihear
137
LONG Nary
Staff
GIZ/SCU
138
Louis LABLAUDE
139
Louis LABLAUDE
APSARA National
Authority
bunly_royalpalace@yahoo.c
om
kouvet12@yahoo.com.
jp
francois.legrand@cegetel
.net
kosal_long9@yaho
o.com
APSARA National
Authority
Observer
140
LOUK Sokleng
APSARA National
Authority
141
LUY Sophors
Site Manager
GACP
142
LY Vanna
Department Director
APSARA National
Authority
143
MAK Renita
Cameraman
TVB
144
MAM Vannrath
Chargée de mission
APSARA National
Authority
145
MAO Bunneang
Interpreter FrenchKhmer
APSARA Authority
146
MAO Loâ
Chargée de mission
APSARA National
Authority
147
MAO Sokny
des Monuments
d’Angkor et de
l’Archéologie
APSARA National
Authority
148
MAO Vibol
Conseiller du VPM Sok
An
149
Maric Beaufeist
EFEO
150
Martin
POLKINGHORNE
University of Sydney
151
Masako MARUI
Assiciate Professor
Sophia University
152
MEAS KET David
Permanent Delegation
to UNESCO
153
MEN Sodany
Membre mission du
partrimoine
Heritage Mission
154
MENG Vanny
APSARA National
Authority
155
MEY Kosal
Project Focal Point
UNESCO Phnom
Penh
k.mey@unesco.org
156
MEY Marady
APSARA National
Authority
meyapsara@camintel.co
m
157
Michele ROMANO
UN Fellowship
UNESCO Phnom
Penh
m.romano@unes
co.org
158
Mireille GRUBERT
Directrice de l’Ecole
Ëcole de Chailot
159
Mitsumasa Ishizuka
Assistant to Director
JASA
imlim03@yahoo.fr
vibol.m9@gmail.
com
sodanymen@gmail.com
mtms0709@gamil.
com
160
Mlle Linh Anh Moreau
Documentaliste
SEAMEO SPAFA
161
MOA Visoth
Governor
Pourk District
162
MOAN Phanit
Dep. Water Management
APSARA National
Authority
163
MOK Kunthy
APSARA National
Authority
164
MOM Rady
Représentant des
Etats-Unis d’Amérique
APSARA National
Authority
165
MOM Saran
Office Director General
APSARA National
Authority
166
MOT Lina
Dép. de
l’Administration, du
Personnel et du Matériel
APSARA National
Authority
167
Mounir BOUCHENAKI
Ad hoc Expert for
conservation
UNESCO
168
MUONG Sowath
Advisor
Cambodian National
Commission for
UNESCO
169
Nao OTSUKA
Research Adviser
Embassy of Japan
nao.otsuka@mofa.
go.jp
170
Natacha PAKKER
Directrice des Etudes
École de Chaillot
npakker@citechaillot.fr
171
Natarajan Ishwaran
Professor
HIST
ishgaja@gmail.com
172
NEANG Soryda
Deputy Director of
Department
173
NEB Samuth
Director General
Ministry of Tourism
174
NEB Samuth
Director General
Ministry Tourism
175
NEOU Chariya
Dep. Agricultural and
Community Development
APSARA National
Authority
176
NGETH Sothy
Deputy Director of
Department
APSARA National
Authority
092 627 776
177
NGOV Seng Kak
Director
Department of Tourism, Siem Reap
Province
012 509 008
178
NHEM Reaksmey
APSARA National
Authority
179
NIN Chansamean
Department Director
APSARA National
Authority
092 332 066
mounir.bouchenaki@gm
ail.com
012 981 556
180
Noel Hidalgo Tan
Expert en Archéologie
SEAMEO SPAFA
181
NOU Phalla
Président du Conseil
Provincial
Siem Reap Province
182
NOURN Ninsophat
Cameraman
TV9
183
NUON Krisna
Director
Department of Water
Reservoir & Meteorology
184
OEUM Samonn
Community Action
Group
APSARA National
Authority
185
Olivier Cunnin
Archaeologist
EFEO
186
OM Chandara
Department Director
187
OUM Marady
Directrice Adjoint de
Département
APSARA National
Authority
188
OUM Marady
Heritage Norms
APSARA National
Authority
078 336 639
189
OUNG Roth
National Committee
for World Heritage
ung.roth@hayho
o.com
190
PARK Soonyoung
Archaeologist
Korea Cultural Heritage Foundation
191
PHANN Nady
Deputy Director General for Heritage
Ministry of Culture
and Fine Arts
192
PHAY Siphan
Secretary of State
193
PHENG Sam Oeurn
Department Director
National Authority
for Preah Vihear
194
Philippe DELANGHE
Culture Programme
Specialist
UNESCO Phnom
Penh
195
Pho Sochivy
196
PHOAN Phalla
Deputy Director
APSARA National
Authority
197
PHOEURN Sokhim
Département
APSARA National
Authority
198
PHOEURNG Sackona
Minister
Ministry of Culture
and Fine Arts
siphanp@yahoo.com
p.delanghe@unesc
o.org
Heritage Mission
National Committee
for World Heritage
199
PHOK Chankrisna
200
PHOU Sam At
Governor
Bakong District
201
PHOUY Saveut
Heritage Norms
APSARA National
Authority
202
PHUONG Sopheak
Group Tourism Management Plan
APSARA National
Authority
203
Pierre BÂTY
Archaeologist
INRAP
pierre.baty@inra
p.fr
204
Pierre-André
LABLAUDE
Ad hoc Expert for
conservation
UNESCO
lablaude.administratio
n@orange.fr
205
Pongdhan
SAMPAONGERN
Head of Sri Thep Historical Park
Ministry of Culture
206
Pornthum
THUMWIMOL
Landscape Architect
Ministry of Culture
des Monuments
d’Angkor et de
l’Archéologie
Dep. Forest Management, Cultural
Landscapes and Environmen
APSARA National
Authority
207
POT Visoth
208
POV Sinith
209
PRAK Chandara
Cameraman
TV Hang Meas
210
PRAK Phannara
Membre du Secrétariat de Samdech
Premier Ministre
praksonnara@gmail.com
211
PRAK Sonnara
Director General for
Heritage
Ministry of Culture
and Fine Arts
prak_sonnara@yahoo
.com
212
Pratak
SIKKHAMONTON
Minister Counsellor,
Royal Thai Embassy
prataks@hotmail
.com
213
Prey Sovann
GIS Specialist
ADF
214
PRIM Vireak
Deputy Director of
Department
APSARA National
Authority
215
PROM Chak
ICC Secretariat
UNESCO Phnom
Penh
216
PROM Karona
Deputy Director of
Department
APSARA National
Authority
217
PROM Sam Ean
Deputy Director of
Department
APSARA National
Authority
PRUM Sopheak
Dep. the Cultural
APSARA National
Authority
218
APSARA National
Authority
c.prom@unesco.or
g
012 630 418
219
Robert MCCARTHY
Advisor to JASA Project
JASA
220
Roland FLETCHER
Director
Angkor Research
Program, University
of Sydne
221
Romain LOUVET
Conseiller de Coopération et d’Action
culturelle
Ambassade de
France
222
RONG Angkourell
Dep. Communication
APSARA National
Authority
223
ROS Borath
President
National Committee
for World Heritage
224
ROS Rotheany
Deputy Director of
Department
APSARA National
Authority
225
RYU Shi-yung
International Cooperation Division /
Deputy Director
Cultural Heritage
Administration of
Korea
226
SAKHOEUN Sakada
Archaeologist
ADF
227
SAM Sareth
Dep. the External
Angkor Park
APSARA National
Authority
228
SAM Siyan
Chief
Tourism police
229
SAMRETH Sopha
Interpreter EnglishKhmer
APSARA Authority
230
SAO Sopheap
231
SAO Thy
Cameraman
SEA TV
232
SARM Chanvirak
Group Tourism Management Plan
APSARA National
Authority
233
SARY Boramy
Heritage Norms
APSARA National
Authority
234
SAT Nady
Commissioner of Police
Siem Reap Province
012 900 930
235
SATO Katsura
Senior Researcher
NRICP Tokyo
tomoda@tobunken.go.j
p
236
Satoru MIWA
Field Director
Sophia Asia Center
satoru@online.com
.kh
237
SAY Samal
Minister
Ministry of Environment
238
SEANG Vitou
239
SENG Ratana
rmccarthy2004@yahoo.com
roland.fletcher@sy
dney.edu.au
romain.louvet@diplo
matie.gouv.fr
apsara.dma@online.co
m.kh
yooho@chf.or.kr
016 85 17 84
Staff
I.Ge.S.
Département
APSARA National
Authority
240
SENG Soktheara
241
Seng Soth
242
SENG Sotheara
Heritage Norms
APSARA National
Authority
089 800 803
243
SEUNG Kong
APSARA National
Authority
012 264 056
244
SEUNG Kong
Conseiller de
l’Autorité Nationale
APSARA
APSARA National
Authority
245
Shi Xiao
Professor
CSA
246
Shinji TSUKAWAKI
Ad hoc expert for
Developmnent
UNESCO
247
SIM Bunthoeun
248
SIM Chhiv Chhean
Pisith
Deputy
Provincial Deparment
of Environment,
Siem Reap Province
12630564
249
SIM Thân
Deputy Director of
Department
APSARA National
Authority
012 87 33 34
250
Simon FELLOWS
First Secretary and
Deputy Head of Mission
Embassy of Australia
Simon.Fellows@dfat.go
v.au
251
Simon WARRACK
Expert
ICCROM
swarrack@gmail.co
m
252
SIN Pisey
APSARA National
Authority
253
SIN Puthy
Dep. the Cultural
APSARA National
Authority
254
SISOWATH MEN Chandévy
Director
Heritage Mission
handevy@yahoo.co
m
255
SIYONN Sophearith
Country representative
FOKCI
sopheariths@yaho
o.com
256
SIYUN Sopharith
Director of Administration and Finance
Ministry of Culture
and Fine Arts
257
SO Son
Governor
Banteay Srey District
258
SOEUNG Set
reporter
APSARA National
Authority
259
SOK An
Deputy Prime Minister
260
SOK Leakhana
APSARA National
Authority
shinji@se.kanazawau.ac.jp
ACHA
012 777 202
012 555 557
261
SOK Sangvar
Head of Group of
Tourism Manangement Plan
APSARA National
Authority
262
SOK Saray
Reporter
263
SOK Sithan
Cameraman
TV 11
264
SOK Soseila
Dep. of Aménag .
Park
APSARA National
Authority
265
SOU Phirin
Secretary of State
Dep. Agricultural and
Community Development
des Monuments
d’Angkor et de
l’Archéologie
souphirin@camnet.com.k
h
APSARA National
Authority
266
SOUN Kong Sophearith
267
SRENG Sokleu
268
SROS Key
269
SRUN Tech
270
Subrata MUKHERJEE
271
SUM Someth
Dep. Communication
APSARA National
Authority
272
SUN Ny
Officiel au Cabinet de
la Présidence du Conseil des Ministres
273
SUN Sovanny
Director
274
SUON Sovann
275
SVAY Piseth
Deputy Director of
Department
APSARA National
Authority
276
Sylvain Ulisse
Chargé de mission
Heritage Mission
sylvain.ulisse@gmail.
com
277
T. S. Maxwell
Professor
University of Bonn
t.maxwell@web.de
278
Takeshi NAKAGAWA
Co-director
JASA
nakag@waseda.jp
279
TAN Boun Suy
APSARA National
Authority
tanbounsuy@yahoo.com
280
TAN Sombon
APSARA National
Authority
012 957 940
APSARA National
Authority
APSARA National
Authority
APSARA National
Authority
APSARA National
Authority
Department of Culture and Fine Arts,
Siem Reap Province
012 384 441
National Committee
for World Heritage
s_svann@yahoo.
com
281
TAN Sophal
Département
APSARA National
Authority
282
TAN Theany
Secretary General
Cambodian National
Commission for
UNESCO
camnac@hotmail.com
283
TEA Kimsoth
Director
Autorité Forestière
du district
092 225 555
284
TEA Van
des Monuments
d’Angkor et de
l’Archéologie
APSARA National
Authority
285
TEKRETH Somrach
Secretary of State
tekreth@yahoo.c
om
286
TEP Tony
Deputy Director of
Department
APSARA National
Authority
016 965 777
287
Teruo JINNAI
Advisor
teruojinnai@gmail.com
288
THANN Darasas
Groupe de résolution
du foncier
APSARA National
Authority
289
TharapongSRISUCHAT
Head of Delegation
Royal Thai Embassy
290
THOK Sokhom
Director of Department
Ministry of Tourism
291
Thomas BERNECKER
Stone Conservator
GIZ/SCU
292
THONG Khon
Minister
Ministry of Tourism
293
Tianhua HONG
Executive Deputy
Director
HIST
294
TIN Tina
Deputy Director of
Department
APSARA National
Authority
295
TOP Chanry
296
TOP Chansorikthy
297
TUOS Somaneath
298
TUY Sinna
299
UK Someth
APSARA National
Authority
someth_uk@yahoo
.com
300
UK Topbotra
Director General
National Authority
for Preah Vihear
topbotra@gmail.co
m
301
V.G. Hajipara
Surveyor, ASI, Siem
Reap, Cambodia
Directeur de cabinet
de la Présidence du
Conseil des Ministres
Preah Norodom Museum Shihanouk Angkor
Dep. of Aménag .
Park
Assistant à la Présidence du Conseil des
Ministres
hongth@radi.ac.c
n
chanry.top@gmail.co
m
APSARA National
Authority
APSARA National
Authority
302
Valter M. SANTORO
Head of Project
I.Ge.S.
vm.santoro@igess
nc.com
303
VANN Bunna
Director
Department of Cult,
Siem Reap Province
016 902 593
304
Vénérable CHUM Kim
Leng
APSARA National
Authority
305
Vénérable HOEURN
Som
APSARA National
Authority
306
VERNAY CHRISTIAN
directeur des relations
internationales
International Centre
for Research and
Documentation of
Angkor
Ingenieur en chef
représente Veolia et
la fondation Veolia
SIAAP
APSARA National
Authority
307
VITOU Phirom
308
Willinger BERNARD
309
YIM Nolla
Senior Minister
310
YIN Soeum
Interpreter EnglishKhmer
APSARA Authority
311
Yorn Sothearith
EFEO
312
Yorn Sothearith
EFEO
313
YOS Eang
Deputy Secretary
General
Cambodian National
Commission for
UNESCO
314
Yoshihiro HIGUCHI
Minister & Consul
General
Embassy of Japan
315
YOU Chantha
316
Yuji Araki
Professor
ERDAC
317
Yuji KUMAMARU
Ambassador
Embassy of Japan
318
Yuni SATO
Archaeologist
Nara Institute
yuni@nabunken.go
.jp
319
Yves Goudineau
Directeur
EFEO
direction@efeo.net
320
Zhu Yanhia
Engineer
CSA
Veolia
012 89 13 01
yoshihiro.higuchi@mofa.go.jp
APSARA National
Authority
APSARA National Authority Report for 2014
Summary drafted by Her Excellency Mrs. Chau Sun Kérya,
Based on the reports submitted by the departments of the APSARA National Authority
Content
I. Department of the Office of Administration, Personnel and
Material.................................................................................... 78
II. Department of Cultural Development of Museums and Heritage
Norms ...................................................................................... 79
III. Tourism Management Plan Unit (TMP)............................. 87
IV.
Department of Communication......................................... 89
V. Department of Conservation of the Monuments in the Angkor
Park and Rescue (formerly Preventive) Archaeology ............... 93
VI. Department of Water Resources Management.................. 100
VII.
The Department of Tourism Development in Angkor ..... 110
VIII. Department of Order and Cooperation........................... 113
IX. Department of Management of Forestry, Cultural Landscape and
the Environment. ................................................................... 115
X. Department of Agriculture and Community Development . 117
XI. Angkor International Centre for Documentation and Research119
XII. Department for the Development of the Urban Heritage of Siem
Reap....................................................................................... 121
XIII. The Department of Land Use Planning and Habitat
Management in the Angkor Park (DATGHA) ........................... 123
XIV. Department of technical support and cross-sectoral projects127
XV. Department of Conservation of Monuments Outside the Angkor
Park ....................................................................................... 127
XVI. Community Work Group ................................................. 129
XVII. Inter-ministerial Commission on land issue resolution . 131
I.
Department of the Office of Administration, Personnel and Material
I.1. Staff (civil servant or not)
I.1.1. Table of the level of education
N°
1
Degree
Bachelor or higher
Amount
516
2
3
4
A level and higher
O level
Guards, officers and workers on
permanent contracts
Workers hired on a weekly basis
262
392
335
5
Miscellaneous
116 archaeologists, 35 architects, 15 engineers, and
others
1,015
2,520
I.1.2 Table of jobs and responsibilities
N°
1
Degree
Management
Amount
90
2
Technical staff working in temples and working sites.
Tourism and forestry officers and
contracted workers
Workers hired on a weekly basis
1,080
3
4
Miscellaneous
116 archaeologists, 35 architects, 15 engineers, and
others
335
1,015
2,520
I.2. General, administrative and service duties
I.2.1. The APSARA National Authority Service Centre (CSA)
-
The Cultural and Tourism Unit received 782 requests of which 765 have been
reviewed: 751 granted and 14 denied (17 requests being processed)
339 construction permit requests received, of which 302 reviewed: 183 granted
and 119 denied (37 requests being processed).
220 general requests received, of which 215 reviewed: 203 granted and 12 denied (5 requests being processed).
I.2.2 Protocol and Hosting Unit
-
7,284 mails received;
546 mails reviewed (replies sent);
Organisation of 112 meetings for the APSARA National Authority;
20 letters of derogation drafted;
11 memoranda of understanding for signature drafted;
Assisting in the organisation of meetings, national commemorations and other
events in the Angkor Park, including the inauguration of the Museum of Traditional Asian Textiles from the Ganges and Mekong Countries, presided over by
H.E. Dr. Sok An, Deputy Prime Minister and president of the APSARA National
Authority, on 7th of April 2014; organisation of the 23rd Technical Committee
Session of the Angkor ICC on 4-5 June 2014 and of the ceremony for the return
of the restored Great Buddha at the Bayon on 23rd of October 2014.
I.2.3. Staff and training strategy
-
-
-
-
-
-
Implementation of the Royal Government policy to reform wages from July 2014
onwards and to foster and strengthen the efficient proficiency of staff;
During their trial period, eight workers specialising in the restoration of brick
structures have been rewarded; this strategy will be rolled out to all other
APSARA National Authority departments.
The Angkor Training Centre: the building, where the training sessions on human
resources staff working at Angkor are taking place, has been repaired. The official inauguration of the Centre occurred during the 21st Plenary Session of the
Angkor-ICC on 4th of December 2014. International experts will lecture/train in
the fields of restoration and conservation of monuments and ancient artefacts.
Trainees are Cambodian officers working at the APSARA National Authority, but
also may come from other national institutions and ministries.
Establishment of a Land Use Commission with a view to collecting data in the
Angkor region and, in collaboration with the Ministry of Tourism, of a Commission to set out the special training and continuous training sessions for guides,
so that they comply with UNESCO standards and improve their skills and
knowledge.
Review of 611 human resources dossiers with regard to hiring new people or
staff handing in their notices (ad hoc, contracted workers, technical officers);
293 new staff hired.
65 staff had their wages increased, 15 staff requested unpaid leave, 4 staff returned to their original jobs, 17 staff have been transferred, 44 staff were
issued permanent contracts and 58 contracts were renewed.
665 directive letters and 604 assignment letters drafted.
I.2.4 Management of the power grid and of the garage
II.
-
Power grid:
. 96 utility poles repaired, light bulbs and electrical equipment changed on 71
poles, 17 circuit-breakers broken and 60 lamp shades fitted.
. Cabling done to bring electricity to the office for air quality monitoring, and also at the Sokha Hotel ticketing checkpoint located on Charles de Gaulle Avenue,
at the conference room and in the gardens, and at the entrances of the buildings of the APSARA National Authority offices. At Run Ta-Ek, the henhouse was
connected to the local power grid.
. In collaboration with Electricity of Siem Reap (EDC), the power distribution
system in the temples (Prasat Lolei and Bakong entrances) has been improved,
as has been the lighting system of the APSARA National Authority seat.
-
Garage management:
. 120 cars and 32 motorbikes have been repaired on appointment and 96 cars
repaired on the spot. 228 cars had oil changed and two generators have been
repaired at the weighing station of Angkor Thom district and that of Banteay
Srei.
Department of Cultural Development of Museums and Heritage Norms
II.1. Administrative matters:
-
Organisational duties: the Department took part in the organisation of the opening session of the Preah Vihear ICC on the 3rd of December, 2014 and of the 21st
Plenary Session of the Angkor ICC on 4th of December, 2014.
-
Answering requests regarding miscellaneous services in the Angkor Park:
. Drafting of complimentary authorisations to the Park: i) for researchers: 487
mid-term authorisations (1-9 months) and 86 long-term (one year), ii) 92 authorisation letters for tour leaders.
. Drafting of 133 contracts and letters of authorisation for show dinners:
. Drafting of 107 contract and authorisation letters for photographing, videoing
and filming.
N°
Company/institution
Quantity
Price in US$
Organising show-dinners
13 companies and travel agencies
133
190,255
II. Photography
51 requests from professionals.
107
96,400
7 requests for wedding pictures
III. Tour leader entrance tickets
Guide passes
92
2,760
Angkor Wat authorisation letters and entrance passes for researchers
- Mid-term (1 to 9 months)
450
Free
- Long term (1 year)
71
Total of I+II+III
289,415
-
Miscellaneous
Daily administrative work of the department: material and vehicle management,
acknowledging and answering mails, appointments, etc.
II.2. Public Relations Unit
Public Observatory work results
In order to design a visitor management plan in the Angkor Park, the APSARA National Authority is collating actual data gathered on site. To this aim, the seven
investigators of the Public Observatory counted the number of Angkor Park visitors at
the Sokha ticketing booth over nine weeks to assess the average daily visitation:
-
97 travel agencies;
1,232 visitors in groups;
Average number of visitors over nine weeks: 77,598 people.
The duration of the surveys carried out in the main monuments varied:
-
11 weeks at Angkor Wat,
11 weeks at Ta Prohm,
9 weeks at the Bayon,
9 weeks at Banteay Kdei,
9 weeks at Pre Rup,
7 weeks at Banteay Srei,
5 weeks at Baphuon,
5 weeks at Bakheng,
3 weeks at Preah Khan,
2 weeks at Bakong,
2 weeks at Preah Koh,
1 week at Banteay Samre,
The average visitation of major sites in 2014 is the following:
-
5,780 at Angkor Wat,
4,922 at Ta Prohm:
-
4,816 at Bayon
2 087 at Banteay Srei,
1,511 at Preah Khan,
1,288 at Phnom Bakheng,
1,462 at Baphuon,
91 at Banteay Kdei,
880 at Pre Rup,
707 at Bakong,
502 at Preah Koh,
397 at Banteay Samre.
Survey of the daily average number of vehicles parked opposite Phnom Bakheng over one
year from January until December 2014.
-
15 bicycles,
45 motorbikes,
307 tuk tuk,
53 sedan cars,
48 vans (15 seater),
42 buses (24 seater),
6 electric cars.
Survey on the type of vehicles driving through Tonle Oum Gate during one week of the first
10 months of 2014:
Type of vehicle
Motorbikes
Tuk tuks
Sedan cars
Minibuses (15 seater),
Buses (24 seater),
Electric cars
Tonle Oum Gate entrance
1,395
1,376
564
305
224
47
Tonle Oum Gate exit
1,010
914
242
105
08
18
II.3. Unit for Design and Management of Cultural Properties
II.3.1. Management of the Banteay Srei parvis
The Department of Cultural Development, Museums and International Norms is responsible
for the Banteay Srei parvis. It is staffed with nine permanent officers whose job is the following:
Visitor Centre:
There were 451,920 visitors that entered the parvis from the 21st of December 2013 until
the 10th of October 2014.
-
The Visitor Centre informs visitors on tours inside the temple grounds: 3,328 visitors
asked for information in one year.
137 visitors used the locker room.
Interpretation Centre:
Banteay Srei visitors, with time on their hands, who visited the Interpretation Centre, left
comments in the visitors’ book. They all expressed their satisfaction with the overall organisation and management for the visit of this site. Many would like to return and 40,280
visited the Interpretation Centre.
Other services at Banteay Srei parvis:
-
Monitoring of gardening, flower planting, cleaning of the building and other areas of
the parvis.
Controlling the condition of the information signs and requesting repairs or replacements.
Monitoring the demolition work of the former bathrooms located beside the guard hut.
Monitoring of the nursery planting activities.
Checking the repair work on the fence next to the exhibition hall.
Contributing to keeping the areas around shopping stalls tidy, including prohibiting
the storage of products on the lawn or throwing trash in other places than rubbish
bins.
II.3.2. Management of cultural products
-
-
Products sold by sellers in the Angkor Park: Officers of the department control on a
regular basis the cultural goods that are for sale in stalls. They endorse the prioritisation of locally made products to promote Khmer culture and prevent the sale of goods
that may be derogatory to the image of Angkor.
The quality of show dinners organised opposite temples was assessed, notably at the
Bayon, Kravan, Thommanon, Banteay Samre, the Terrace of the Elephants, etc.
II.4. The office of Heritage Norms:
This unit is staffed with 22 officers working across several monuments: Prasat Bayon, Prasat Phimeanakas, Prasat Baphuon, Prasat Suor Prat, the Terrace of the Elephants, Prasat
Angkor Wat, Prasat Ta Prohm, and Prasat Preah Khan.
Their role consists in checking the shooting, videoing and filming by professionals or private
individuals with commercial or not for profit objectives.
They checked APSARA National Authority authorised filming letters.
They stopped 402 tapings that were taking place without any authorisation.
In order to respect the sacred and religious features of the Angkor site, the department
officers also enforce proper dress among visitors and notified 188 visitors who did not wear
proper apparel.
II.5. The Office of Cultural Development:
II.5.1. West Baray project:
-
-
Drafting of the necessary 2014 budget for the implementation of developments for
site presentation to visitors.
. Getting quotations for three information panels and tree- labelling cards.
. Design of three templates of sunset information panels before dissemination.
The verification of the information signs, of the rubbish bins and of the access road to
the visitor platform concurred that i) some panels have been damaged and others
have disappeared; ii) the eastern platform bins have disappeared and iii) the access
roads are in bad condition and have flooded in some areas, making it difficult to access the eastern dike.
II.5.2. North Baray project:
-
Collaboration with six members of the Samaki community towards the development
of the Rajadak Baray, headed by Mr. Yi Yak.
-
-
The roof and the ceiling of the interpretation centre have been damaged. The community would like to repair the roof using Khunmea leaves or thatch and rebuild the
ceiling using cement.
Some of the trees in the North Baray are dying, deforming the natural landscape
whilst no longer playing their role as sanctuaries for birds. The community would like
to replant trees around the North Baray at the end of February 2015, once the level
of water is low and has requested that the Department of Management of Water Resources keep the water to a level that would not hinder the growth of the newly
planted tree species (Reang, Chikeng, Phtole, etc.).
II.5.3. Beng Mealea Project
Constructions started in Beng Mealea by the Department of Conservation of Sites Outside
Angkor do not match the recommendations of the pilot project deriving from the Heritage
Management Framework Project. Actually, instead of channelling visitor movement, the
newly built structures have opened accesses to hazardous areas that the APSARA National
Authority would like to close to visitors. The management of a visitor flow strategy has
been entrusted to the team of the Tourism Management Plan (TMP).
II.5.4 Miscellaneous
-
-
Finalised the pagoda tour itinerary located along the Siem Reap River.
Finalised the people with disabilities itinerary at Banteay Srei.
Took part in the design of the traffic signs for Phnom Bakheng car park.
Contributed to the design of template signs for different units of the TMP.
With a view to finalising pedestrian and cycling itinerary tours at Angkor Thom’s surrounding wall, a site visit was organised. It aimed at identifying the locations to put
up information and cycling and directional signs for the visits, as well as rubbish bin
locations.
Joining the in situ test itinerary tour proposed by the TMP group at Ta Prohm temple.
II.6. Museums
II.6.1. Preah Norodom Sihanouk-Angkor Museum
-
Number of visitors and receipts for 2014:
Total
(12
months)
-
Complimentary
visitors
(with authorisations and
under 12)
Paying visitors
2014 receipts
Cambodians
Foreigners
Cambodians
Foreigners
Cambodians
in Riel
Foreigners
in US$
256
1,239
136
51
256,000
3,717
Inventory of the museum collection and storage
. Museum collection: i) listing of 118 artefacts displayed in glass cases in shelves
marked A, B and C; ii) control of the 2007 collection of 285 artefacts of which 262 are
in sandstone, 20 in ceramic and 3 in samreth; iii) control of the 2013 collection of 141
objects of which 41 are in sandstone, 98 in ceramic, with four bags of sandstone
chips. The 2008 and 2012 collections are being checked.
. Inventory: Work has commenced on the inventory of objects received from the Department of Conservation of Monuments in the Angkor Park and Rescue Archaeology,
i) also on the artefacts received in 2009, made up of 46 objects and ten fragments
and ii) of the 2010 objects, consisting of ten fragments.
. Checking the 2012 collection made up of 46 artefacts received from the Department
of Conservation of Monuments in the Angkor Park and Rescue Archaeology.
. Checking objects received in 2014 from the same department: i) On 26 March 2014,
the Museum was presented with a linga from Prasat Koki, Phnom Kulen and ii) on the
10th of October, at 10 p.m. the Museum collected four fragments of a seated Buddha
statue, including the torso, head and arms, from the Bayon central tower.
. The inventory of the 2014 collection has continued. It includes 71 fragments
(NSAM.2014.189 – NSAM.2014.259).
. Digitalisation of 33 artefacts of the 2014 collection (NSAM.2014 – NSAM.2014.221).
-
The museology of the Museum exhibition has been improved.
. A more attractive logo has been designed.
. Leaflets are being designed to inform on current exhibitions at the Museum.
. Mr. Tep Sokha is designing the Prasat Kok Patri ceramic exhibition publication.
. Work has continued on the descriptive cards of 101 Buddha statues exhibited in the
Museum, which will replace older ones.
. Research on the history of conservation work and cleaning of the Buddha statues
unearthed at Banteay Kdei.
. Professor Masako Marui was asked to assist in the Japanese translation of the Museum leaflet.
-
Management of the Museum library
. 2,672 publications are available at the library, mainly on research works carried out
on Angkor’s monuments and archaeology. 821 of these publications are yet to be inventoried and are written in foreign languages. Most of the books were donated by
Professor Yoshiaki Ishizawa and are from his personal collection.
. The Dewey Decimal Classification system is used to shelve books.
II.6.2. Museum of traditional Asian Textiles from the countries of the Ganges and
the Mekong
This type of Museum is a first in Cambodia. India spearheaded its establishment by financing the construction of the Museum building on land granted by the APSARA National
Authority on behalf of the Royal Government of Cambodia.
Two countries co-manage the Museum. For Cambodia, the department of Cultural Development, Museums and International Norms of the APSARA National Authority is in charge.
The Museum is also a cooperative endeavour between countries from Gangetic countries,
represented by India, and of the Mekong, represented by Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam.
Besides India and Cambodia, Vietnam was the first country to accept the invitation to set
up a textile and traditional costumes collection, followed by Laos and Myanmar.
The soft and official inauguration of the Museum, on 7th of April 2014, was presided over by
H.E. Sok An, Deputy Prime Minister, Minister in charge of the Council of Ministers and president of the APSARA National Authority, and the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of India.
The inauguration’s readiness required the general mobilisation of all officers of the Department of Cultural Development, Museums and International Norms in order to receive
objects from partner countries and to prepare the exhibition of the textiles.
-
Receiving exhibition goods:
. To see to the clearance of customs paperwork for goods coming from India, Vietnam, Laos and Myanmar.
. Clearing paperwork for receiving four traditional textiles in silk donated by the National Museum, Phnom Penh.
-
Objects readiness:
. Once the goods were received, they were cleaned and treated as per technical compliance, so that they can withstand the tropical climate (humidity and heat), as soon
as they are exhibited.
. The explanatory texts have been translated into Khmer and English and descriptive
cards designed which mention the origin, the material and the history of the fabric
along with a picture of the exhibited objects,
-
Exhibition organisation:
. Galleries: Monitoring of the fitting of the electrical system and of CCTV cameras
complying with international norms in the four exhibition rooms (general information
gallery on the Countries of the Ganges and the Mekong and of the production material, gallery of traditional textiles and gallery of contemporaneous textiles).
. Supervision: The framing of fragile textiles was monitored. In order to better protect
objects against insects, termites and fungi, insecticides have been sprayed on the
protective wooden planks, the edges of the frames are in aluminium, while the whole
is covered with glass.
With the official opening of the Museum to the public, additional work was needed to develop infrastructure, procure more material and hire staff. The management of objects
exhibited and regular meetings have also been organised with the Indian partner and with
other partner countries.
After several months of talks, Thailand installed its collection in 2014. The Museum is now
ready to host visitors.
The second meeting of the board of directors of the Museum was held on the 29th of September, 2014 with the attendance of all partner countries and was co-chaired by India and
Cambodia.
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Museum management activities:
. Regular checking of the exhibition halls to prevent the formation of insect nests, the
accumulation of dust and control of humidity.
. The inventory of collections has continued and additional information was researched on items already inventoried.
. Staff training on exhibition display and collection maintenance.
. Some damaged parts of the Museum have been repaired, notably the leaking of the
glass roof and broken windows. The external and internal gallery roofs are yet to be
fixed.
. The HCC Company was procured to treat termite nests around the Museum and install early warning monitoring devices in case of nest infestation.
. The staff of the Museum was trained by fire hazard specialists (use of extinguishers,
emergency measures to be taken in case of a blaze, etc).
. Cooperating with the Indian partner on financial management regarding additional
Museum expenses. The APSARA National Authority is responsible for the Cambodian
staff wages and the Museum operational costs.
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Museum development:
. Six staff hired to host visitors.
. Design, at a previously set location, of a plant garden to showcase natural dyes.
. Purchase of publications specialising in textiles to add to the library’s collection.
. Follow-up of contacts with partner countries to enrich the collections and renew exhibited items.
. Planning to purchase a generator to guarantee the best protection for textiles: Information gathered on the selection of a device adapted to the needs of the Museum
in case of power cuts and a proposal to build a shelter for a generator.
. Collecting technical papers on protective devices for conservation and treatment of
textiles to be displayed in the Museum.
. Officers familiar with Photoshop trained the administrative staff of the Museum.
. Research on the history of textile production.
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Extra activities
. Setting up of a photography exhibition on Buddhism in India, displayed in the hall
and corridors of the galleries, adding to the textile exhibition.
II.6.3. Angkor Ceramic Museum of Tani Village
This Museum is part of a wider global development project engaging villagers to showcase
the ancient kilns and artefacts where they have been discovered. This project is planning to
set up workshops replicating ancient pottery and souvenir stalls to attract tourists. Located
far from the monumental sites and poorly dotted, only 52 international visitors and 22 domestic visited the Museum in 2014, for an overall respective income of US$52 and 11,000
riel.
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Maintenance of the ceramic collection
. Drafting of the budget on cleaning and restoration of the Museum ceramic collection.
. The collection was cleaned using brushes and items were reset as described.
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Exhibition improvement:
. Description and drawings of materials used and of the ceramic making process to
improve visitor knowledge.
. Design of the pedestals to receive descriptive cards of exhibited items.
. Design of information panels for visitors.
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Management of the Tani site:
. Some remains from the kilns, yet to be unearthed, were discovered following enormous levels of precipitation which triggered the removal of the soil concealing them.
The items still in good condition including visible patterns, and the ceramic fragments,
have been relocated and stored at the Museum and are yet to be inventoried.
. These same precipitations also damaged the Museum’s access road and the department team proceeded to have it repaired and also planted flowers and weeded the
shoulders.
. To prevent land grabbing from villagers living close to the kiln sites, the department
team asked the village and commune chiefs for their cooperation (K2 and K3 kiln
mound).
. Directional signs have been put up: one at the crossing of National Road 6 with
Road 67, the second at the crossing between Route 67 and the road leading to the
Museum and the third in front of the Museum entrance.
II.7. Proposals
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It is essential to design uniforms for the department officers responsible for the protection of the image of Angkor and working in the temples and for staff of the
Museums with a view to strengthening and ascertaining their authority on sites.
APSARA National Authority officers working on site, in monuments, need stronger
cooperation from the Tourism and Heritage Police to solve issues with visitors to the
temples.
III. Tourism Management Plan Unit (TMP)
The TMP is part of the Heritage Management Framework (HMF) and aims at bridging the
shortcomings in terms of tourism management of the Angkor site and meeting the need to
control visitor flow in the monuments. A special unit has been set up to carry out this TMP.
III.1. TMP implementation
Young executives, notably from the Department of Cultural Development, Museums and
Heritage Norms, the Department of Tourism Development of the APSARA National Authority
and the Ministry of Tourism, carry out the implementation of the TMP. A Consultative
Committee is advising this unit and the outcomes of their work are assessed by the ad hoc
group of experts in sustainable development of the Angkor ICC.
II.1.1Communicating on the TMP
At the national level
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Information sessions have been organised in order for the different departments of
the APSARA National Authority to understand the key role played by the TMP in managing tourism in Angkor and, especially, to get their active engagement to support
activities that will be undertaken. A total of 121 officers took part in these sessions
from six departments of the APSARA National Authority: the Department of Cultural
development, Museums and Heritage Norms, the Department of Tourism Development, the Department of Communication, the Department of Public Order and
Cooperation, the Department of Conservation in the Angkor Park and Rescue Archaeology and the Department of Conservation of Monuments outside the Angkor Park.
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Informative sessions were also held with staff of the APSARA National Authority working at monuments, including units from the Heritage and Tourism Police forces.
Overall, 174 people spreading over five sites attended.
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Other national institutions also took part in these sessions: the Ministry of Tourism
and the Preah Vihear National Authority.
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For better information and wider dissemination to the general public of the TMP, 200
copies of the leaflet on the TMP have been printed and circulated.
At the international level
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The TMP was presented in international conferences in Myanmar (UNWTO) and Japan
(JICA).
Informative sessions at the TMP office on the implementation of the TMP in Angkor to
the staff of the Japanese Embassy and guests from World Monuments Fund.
III.1.2. Pilot project for the implementation of the TMP in Angkor Thom.
Works carried out for the TMP implementation were presented to the ad hoc group of experts in sustainable development during the Angkor ICC. Following their recommendations,
it was decided to establish a pilot project on the Angkor Thom site.
Thus, the TMP team in charge started field and statutory work:
Inventory of all tourism infrastructures and equipment existing on site, including
APSARA National Authority guard and monument officer shelters, signs, rubbish bins
and bathrooms.
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Study of potential improvements for unpopular tour itineraries.
Drafting of a document on tourism development in Angkor.
Organisation of a consultation meeting with managers of the different affected departments of the APSARA National Authority with a view to conceiving a road
improvement programme in Angkor Thom and the creation of cycle lanes inside the
complex.
Sending the drafted pilot project documentation to the concerned departments for
feedback.
Finalisation of the visitor’s code of conduct.
III.1.3. Other activities concerning the TMP implementation
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Phnom Bok was a highly sacred site during the establishment of the Angkorian Empire
and has not yet been showcased by any restoration or tourism development programmes. The TMP Unit has begun studying potential development for a visitor
centre, a car park, a commercial area and a rest area.
Consultation with the private sector’s Opinion Council is planned on the itinerary tours
set up at Ta Prohm, so that they may be further disseminated to tour operators and
visitors.
The APSARA National Authority’s operational plans for tour operators in the temples
are being reviewed.
Development works of the car park of the forthcoming Angkor Wat parvis have continued.
The code of conduct has been circulated among tour operators of the APSARA National Authority and those working in the temples.
III.1.4. Improve coordination inside the temples
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Following a request from the Director General of the APSARA National Authority and
in order to improve the management of the tourism flow at Ta Prohm temple, the
TMP Unit has studied alternative itineraries.
Presentation to and approval of the Director General of the TMP Consultative Council’s
proposals regarding uniforms for tourism officers stationed in the monuments. They
are being tailored.
Waterproof clothes and Icom receivers have been circulated to tourism officers stationed in monuments to boost their efficiency and improve their working conditions.
The operational plan of tourism officers stationed in monuments has been reviewed
and improved.
III.1.5. National and international cooperation
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The TMP Unit held, in September 2014, an initial meeting with members of the Council of the Private Sector whose representatives come from the hotel, tour operator
and transportation industries, and also souvenir stall owners and tourism guides. The
goal is to improve knowledge of the Council members and strengthen cooperation between all stakeholders to cope with tourism development in the Angkor region and to
elect the council chair (the TMP team leader) and two deputy chairs from the private
sector.
Several meetings have been organised with the private sector to introduce projects
undertaken by the TMP Unit, including the code of conduct for tourists and the itinerary tours for Ta Prohm. Their contribution is appreciated in order to improve
implementation of the projects.
Cooperative work with the Union of Youth Federations of Cambodia in organising the
programme of the Stone workshop for the Angkor Sangrata festival from the 13th until
the 16th of April 2014.
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In collaboration with the World Tourism Organisation (WTO), the TMP Unit has filed
the nomination of the APSARA National Authority as an affiliated member of the organisation.
III.1.6. Training
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Within the framework of the implementation of the TMP, GML, an Australian consultancy firm, trained, from the 19th until the 23rd of May 2014, officers of the APSARA
National Authority involved in the TMP, to improve activities in the Angkor region and
notably at Beng Mealea.
A French trainee trained for six months at the TMP office on management of tourism
at the Angkor site.
Two officers of the TMP Unit were granted scholarships to train in France and China.
III.2. Angkor Sangrata 2014 Festival
The TMP Unit, in collaboration with the Union of Youth Federations of Cambodia, took part
in the organisation of the Angkor Sangranta 2014 Festival, setting up the Stone Workshop
with other departments of the APSARA National Authority.
III.3. Fighting pollution project
Facing increasing air pollution in the Angkor site, arising along with the development of
tourism activities, a working group has been set up to carry out emergency activities to
fight and mitigate negative impacts. Consequently, the following activities have been implemented:
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Carrying out of a census of polluting vehicles in the Angkor region.
Setting up an awareness and education programme on the causes and impacts of
pollution on the environment for the people living on the Angkor site.
Listing of the pagodas, schools and commercial areas for awareness sessions on the
negative health impacts from burnt plastics and emissions of gases by vehicles.
Small video clips edited to design an educational programme for the people living in
the Angkor region.
Launch of a partnership at national and international levels to fight the use of plastics,
in particular with the Union of Youth Federations of Cambodia, the Clean Cities Committee, the NZaid project on community participation and the EMS Working Group of
the APSARA National Authority.
Review of available documentation from international partner institutions on the impacts of acid and polluting smoke emitted by vehicles.
Study of the different types of equipment used to measure pollution.
III.4. Suggestions
The TMP Unit has deployed all its available resources to roll out the planned working programme; nevertheless there is insufficient staffing. This should be looked into as soon as
possible to improve the efficiency of activities to be implemented and for the bettering of
tourism management of the Angkor site.
IV.
Department of Communication
Established in 2008, it collects data from the other APSARA National Authority’s departmental activities, of any events linked with the Angkor site and from the living communities
settled in the Park’s protected areas. It also sees to the dissemination of information to the
media and public.
IV.1. Department organisational chart
It was originally divided into three offices:
The Information and Relations Office.
The Campaign Information Office and,
The Administrative Office.
The newly appointed director has presented a revised organisation for review by the director general. It is still made up of three offices, but is distributed as follows:
The Information Office;
The Information Production Office and
The Dissemination and Communication Office.
It is staffed with 25 officers, including two women and a deputy director.
IV.2. The collect of information
This is carried out mainly when reporting on events or the activities of any APSARA National Authority Department. The information is then broadcast on local and national airwaves
and televisions and published on the Internet site of the APSARA National Authority.
IV.2.1. Activities of the Community Working Group
Reporting on the awareness and information campaigns to the communities led by the
Community Working Group in 86 villages and the contribution of 6,534 villagers. Topics
dealt with are: the value of the Angkor site, the law on heritage protection and land use
principles. The Group solved 85 cases on site regarding issues such as repair and relocation
of houses, construction of bathrooms, henhouses, fences, pig and cow pens, rice lofts, and
etc.
IV.2.2. Parvis development work
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Opposite Phnom Bakheng, the APSARA National Authority extended the existing car
park and regulated traffic with a view to reducing bottlenecks at sunset.
The APSARA National Authority has also highly focused on the development of the
Angkor Wat parvis. The design has been modified on several occasions and initial
works on the construction of a car park to improve traffic and create a passenger
drop areas have commenced.
IV.2.3. Reporting on meetings, seminars and national and international conferences
The team responsible for reporting at the Department filmed 32 videos on:
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The APSARA National Authority meeting on 2013 achievements and 2014 perspectives.
Readiness for the 2014 awareness campaigns led by the Community Working Group.
The meeting on the fight against illegal construction in the Angkor site, in agreement
with local authorities, to safeguard the protected areas of the Angkor site against urbanisation.
The meeting on the preparation and organisation of the Angkor Sangrata 2014 Festival.
The audit sessions of the APSARA National Authority Management System of the Environment of Angkor (ISO14001) undertaken by the Institute for Environmental
Assessment, Japan (JOA).
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The 20th Congress of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association.
The inaugural session of the Preah Vihear ICC and the 21st Plenary Session of the ICC
Angkor.
A presentation on Zhou Daguan’s notes.
A presentation on Angkorean Civilisation, general aspects of urbanisation and public
infrastructures.
A presentation on ancient rock art.
A presentation on sacred and ceremonial constructions, etc.
IV.2.4 Reporting on community development
The team filmed eight reports on community development:
Distribution of solar bulbs to poor people and workers of the APSARA National Authority.
Award ceremony for best achievers within the bilateral cooperation framework with
New Zealand.
Circulation of I want to know, visiting Angkor collection book, volume I.
IV.2.5. Research work on cultural heritage
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Tangible heritage
The team reported seven times on ancient temples and bridges, including Kok Kreuh,
Kok Roka temples and the ancient bridges along National Road 6.
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Intangible heritage
The team filmed 18 reports on different traditional ceremonies:
. Ceremony to protect against dangers;
. The one hundred day ceremony after a death;
. Ceremony of seven prayers recitation;
. Kralan ceremony;
. Khmer traditional wedding ceremony;
. Birthday ceremonies;
. Neak Ta consecration ceremony;
. Buddha’s enlightenment ceremony;
. Leang Memot ceremony;
. Funerary rites ceremony;
IV.2.6. Conservation works
Six reports on the conservation works at Lolei temple in Angkor and at Kampong Thom on
the Sambor Prei Kuk Complex.
IV.2.7. Water Resources management system works
The APSARA National Authority is a main actor for water management in the Siem Reap
province and has undertaken repair and construction of hydraulic structures overseen by
the Department of Water Resources Management.
Repair of a West Baray sluice gate,
Construction of a water bypass west of the West Baray.
IV.2.8. Reporting on environment and forest
The team filmed and edited 19 reports on the environment and forests:
Environment Day celebrated by cleaning activities at Phnom Bok;
Tree cutting activities at Ta Prohm and etc.
IV.3. Dissemination of information through different media
IV.3.1. Newspapers
Newspaper
Koh Santepheap
Rasmey
Kampuchea
APSARA
Culture and
history
Tourism
11 articles
23 articles
18 articles
26 articles
10 articles
21 articles
Politics
16 articles
23 articles
Forest
and the environment
15 articles
8 articles
Phnom
Penh
Post
7 articles
7 articles
Nokor
Vat
Kampuchea
Thmei
6 articles
7 articles
28 articles
35 articles
16 articles
20 articles
4 articles
11 articles
15 articles
3 articles
27 articles
26 articles
15 articles
IV.3.2. Television
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56 shows on the Angkor cable TV channel;
52 shows on the APSARA channel;
65 shows on Kampuchea News Network;
8 shows on Bayon TV;
1 show on Hang Meas TV.
IV.3.3. Information broadcast on the airwaves
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Radio Sweet FM 100.5MHz
Weekly broadcast of major information on the activities of the APSARA National Authority in a show entitled Meeting the APSARA National Authority every Saturday at 5
p.m. A total of 40 shows aired.
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Radio Nokor Phnom 102.9MHz
The team feeds information on a daily basis, which is aired daily between 6 and 7
p.m.:
. 43 news bulletin;
. 20 press releases;
. 173 daily news items;
. 4 reports on miscellaneous topics;
. 81 clarifications;
. 13 interviews;
. 28 informative shows on history.
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The Voice of Buddha Radio, Kampurat 106.25MHz
Daily information provided by the team is aired on Thursdays from 6.50 p.m. until
7.30 p.m. This show is called the Buddhism Programme and it includes:
. 15 newsfeeds on Angkor;
. 18 news bulletins on the heritage and history of Angkor;
. 20 news bulletins on the preservation of national heritage, especially pagodas;
. 14 news bulletins on the law and legal norms complying with the preservation of
heritage.
IV.3.4. On the APSARA National Authority Website (www.autoriteapsara.org)
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22 articles have been posted on the website;
Leaflets have been posted on the website;
28 videos have been posted on the website;
4 articles on cooperative projects have been posted on the website.
3 articles on the jurisdiction of the APSARA National Authority have been posted on
the website.
27 news bulletins have been posted on the website.
IV.4. Issues and perspectives
Since the establishment of the Communication Department, the APSARA National Authority
has started a review to improve staff working conditions; nevertheless some shortcomings
have not enabled the team to perform as expected. Most issues are:
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linked with the department’s organisational chart where duty distribution remains
unclear;
The lack of modern and efficient equipment to film and edit reports;
The designated offices within the APSARA National Authority seat do not cater for a
reception area, a meeting room or a recording studio.
The staff has not been promoted nor given any incentives.
V. Department of Conservation of the Monuments in the Angkor Park and Rescue
(formerly Preventive) Archaeology
V.1. Conservation and restoration of monuments
V.1.1. East Mebon
Restoration and consolidation works have been undertaken on the four corners of the platform and the southwest corner of the East Mebon to ensure the stability of the elephant
statues and secure the site for visitors. They started in September 2014:
70 percent of the measured drawings and backfill on the southwest side have been
completed;
70 percent of the surrounding areas have been cleared of vegetation;
The repair works on the ancient hydraulic system have been completed in two locations on the southwest section of the monument;
14 fragments of laterite were used to replace ancient decayed pieces and 44 fragments were recycled.
Wooden props have been put up to consolidate the two walls of the southwest corner
and 50 percent of the anastylosis has been completed.
V.1.2. Angkor Thom surrounding wall (74 metres in four different locations)
The project rolls out in two phases. The first lasts six months and the second 17. Works
began in four locations in August, 2013:
The first location is east of the Dai Chhnang gate (west section), on a 14-metre segment. 65 per cent of the works have been completed, including earth moving works
of the backfill of the wall and the restoration of the wall in resetting nine stone courses.
The second location is located to the east of the Dai Chhnang Gate (eastern section)
over a 45-metre segment. Completed are 60 percent of the restoration of the wall
and the resetting of eight courses of stones.
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The third location is the northeast section of the surrounding wall, a span of eight
metres. 30 percent of the restoration is completed, including: resetting of nine courses of stone and laying two levels of platform.
The fourth location is the west surrounding wall at the Tonle Oum gate on a 16-metre
segment. 60 percent of the works have been completed with earth moving works of
the backfill of the wall and the restoration of the wall in resetting ten stone courses.
Also completed are the backfill of places damaged after water stagnated along the
wall and the digging of drainage canals to mitigate the erosion of the wall.
Clearing and cutting of undergrowth and roots threatening the structure and the stability of the wall.
V.1.3. Restoration works of the tiers of the Angkor Wat northwest moat on a 40metre section.
The Italian team led by Professor Walter Maria Santoro is responsible for the 18- months
restoration project started in February 2014:
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Completion of the construction of a cofferdam and consolidation of the tier foundation.
The stone inventory is 50 per cent completed.
The anastylosis of the stone of the tiers is 50 per cent completed over 20 metres.
New laterite blocks preparation work is 30 per cent completed. As of now, 70 blocks
have been cut to replace the former, damaged stones.
V.1.4. Consolidation of the platform backfill and construction of stairs at Pre Rup
The project lasted three months and twenty days:
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Props have been put up in seven different locations, especially on the upper eastern
tower on its south side and on the pediment of the first gate on the northeast side.
Completion of the construction works of the stairs and of the wooden platform south
of the temple on the east side.
V.1.5. Consolidation of the brick library on the southeastern side of Preah Koh.
A twelve-month project started in January 2014:
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Completion of the restoration and consolidation of six doorframes of the western door
of the library.
The doorjambs of the west door have been completely restored and reset.
The restoration of the brick wall of the west gate is 40 per cent completed.
The restoration of the bricks of the southwest corner of the first tower has been completed.
The restoration of the entire south brick wall is 90 per cent completed.
Towers have been cleared of undergrowth and damaged bricks removed.
Small holes and cracks on the south wall have been filled to the top course, using
lime, with a view to preventing water infiltration in the inner structure of the tower.
V.1.6. Restoration of a brick tower on the northeast side of Prasat Lolei
A twelve-month project started on the 16th of April, 2014:
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Missing stones have been replaced with new ones on the northeast and southeast
sides.
Decayed and unstable bricks have been removed from the northeast and southeast
platforms.
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The restoration and consolidation, using new bricks, of the eastern stairs is 90 per
cent completed.
The restoration of the brick platform to the southeast is completed.
The restoration of the northeast brick platform is 90 per cent completed.
V.1.7. Restoration and strengthening of a south brick tower at Prasat Kok Chak
The one-year project started in September 2014:
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Weeding of undergrowth growing on the tower and completion of the construction of
material storage area.
The restoration of the southeast brick platform is 5 per cent completed.
The restoration of the northeast brick platform is 90 per cent completed.
Dressing of new stones and use of lime to fill small holes and cracks on the northeast
side.
V.1.8. Conservation works of Prasat Bat Chum’s brick towers
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Damaged bamboo scaffolds were removed;
Regular maintenance operations on the three towers, by tying the belting cables and
fixing wooden props;
Searching for missing bricks on the northeastern side of the north tower; two courses
have been re-laid as per original conception.
Cleaning of small brick detritus, of dust and cutting of undergrowth growing on three
towers.
V.1.9. Project to make concrete shims to secure stone blocks at Prasat Banteay
Srei
A twelve-month project started in April 2014; works have been provisionally halted due to
lack of materials:
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100 concrete shims have been built to be used as supports for the stones scattered
around the temple;
Three rotten, wooden shims supporting pediments have been replaced in concrete.
Cleaning of the blocked sewage system around the temple.
Cleaning and reordering of the collapsed storage structure built by the Swiss cooperation and relocation of statue fragments to shelter and secure them.
V.1.10. Conservation of Prasat Phnom Bok
Within the development framework of Phnom Bok site, the restoration of the monument
will start soon:
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Design of a plan for the stairs and guard rails before restoration;
Technical design of a presentation and restoration project of the Great Linga at the
top of the temple.
V.1.10. Conservation of Prasat Ta Nei
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Documentation gathered and study of the restoration and presentation of the temple.
V.1.12. Construction project of visitor platforms at Prasat Phnom Bakheng
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Completion of the construction of 12 x 4 metre platform for visitors, located on the
west flank of the hill.
V.1.10. Conservation of Prasat Angkor Wat
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Completion of the clearing of the blocked water run-off canals on the north and south
sides of the Thousand Buddha Gallery;
Completion of the repair, in twelve locations, of wooden stairs, along the west entrance in the direction of the second level towers of the monument.
Construction of the laterite entrance gate for the Stone Workshop of the Angkor Wat
parvis for the forthcoming Angkor Sangrata festival.
V.1.14. Conservation of Prasat Bayon
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Restoration of two 2.5 x 2.5 metre wooden stairs at the north and west entrances.
Repair of the wooden platforms located at the south and east entrances.
Propping put up to strengthen the stone structure of the Central Tower.
The ageing, 5 x 8 metre wooden platform at the eastern entrance has been replaced
to facilitate the JASA-led works on the restoration of stones.
Drafting of a report to ask for recommendations concerning a fallen stone at the first
platform level on the north side.
Reporting on the destruction of the Buddha located in the Central Tower to ask for
recommendations.
V.2. Carving
The concrete props built during former restoration works have gradually been replaced by
stone structures.
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Carving of 33 naga guardrails at Angkor Wat.
21 naga guardrails, from the Run Ta-Ek workshop, were transferred to Angkor Wat.
Potential restoration project of the western entrance causeway’s naga guardrails at
Angkor Wat.
Three naga guardrails were carved at Run Ta-Ek workshop.
V.3. Development of temples approach areas (parvis)
V.3.1. Prasat Phnom Bakheng car park development
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Completion of the car park and commercial area plans.
Study and design of a plan for four vending stalls exclusive for the community.
V.3.2. Development of the car park and commercial area at Prasat Ta Prohm
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Study to understand the construction plan of the stalls, of the parking and identification of the location of the restrooms in the western area opposite the site.
Identification of the location for a generator, of solar energy equipment and of the
rubbish storage area.
Study and design of a car park and commercial area to the east of the temple.
V.3.3. Phnom Bok development
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Study and design of a car park and identification of a location to build the Information
Centre.
V.3.4. Construction of public bathrooms
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Identifying a location to build public bathrooms at Ta Koh.
V.3. Archaeology
V.3.1. Archaeological research and study of ceramic
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Archaeological excavations to the northwest of Angkor Wat within the framework of
the Italian team’s (IGeS), restoration project, with a view to better understanding the
foundation structure before starting any restoration works.
Archaeological digs to the south of Angkor Wat in order to better understand the ancient structure and compare it with LiDAR data interpretation discoveries.
Archaeological excavations at the eastern temple entrance staircase at Bakong, to
better understand the ancient structure before commencing any restoration works.
Rescue excavations at the north gate of Preah Khan temple in order to understand
the structure of the ancient canal, within the framework of the improvement works of
the canal carried out by the Department of Water Resources Management.
For future showcasing, archaeological excavations of the ancient CP526 mound in
Sala Kanseng district, Svay Dangkum commune.
Archaeological digs at the southwest corner of the East Mebon temple to understand
the structure of the foundation of the enclosure wall prior to the start of consolidation
works at the corner, where a large statue of an elephant stands.
To assist the Indian team’s restoration works on the monument, study of the layers of
the trenches where the water drainage pipes are set inside the first enclosure, to the
south of Ta Prohm.
Study of potential access ways to the top of Phnom Bok and surroundings prior to any
tourism development of the site.
Rescue archaeology excavations in the potential location of the car park to the west
of Ta Prohm to identify an area to build public bathrooms.
Setting up of a show dig at the Stone Carving Workshop on the Angkor Wat parvis for
showcasing to national and international visitors
First phase of the archaeological excavations of the Sorsei kiln to acquire data on its
dating and identify produced materials with a view to comparing them with other kilns
from the region.
Analysis of the ceramic unearthed at Sorsei Kilns and classification depending on their
features. To date, 50 per cent of the work is completed.
Completion of the detailed study, inventory, classification, drawing and listing of ceramic fragments found besides the north-east tower of Lolei, at the eastern entrance
of Bakong, of the CP526 ancient mound and of excavations on the south section of
Angkor Wat.
V.4. Inventory of monument statues
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On the 16th of October, 2014, an inventory began for 86 statues at the Bayon, located
to the northeast of the outer gallery and in the central area of the north gallery.
56 informative signs checked at the Bayon, the Terrace of the Elephants, Baphuon
and the Leper king Terrace.
On the 30th of October, 2014 a head of Shiva and the torso of a goddess (in 12 fragments) were handed over by the CSA Chinese team to be stored at the Preah
Norodom Sihanouk Angkor Museum.
The Heritage Police Unit has handed over half a colonnette coming from an area near
Srah Srang.
V.5. International cooperation
V.5.1. The APSARA National Authority and the EFEO (French School of Asian Studies) (APSARA National Authority-EFEO)
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Collaborative excavations at the Prasat Ong Mong hermitage.
Collaborative excavations at Angkor Thom, in the western section, within the framework of the MAFA project spearheaded by Professor Jacques Gaucher.
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Within the framework of the extension of the airport, collaborative excavations with
INRAP in the Siem Reap International Airport area on behalf of Cambodia Airports.
Collaborative excavations 700 metres to the north of the Victory Gate road.
Collaborative excavations on the outer wall of Angkor Thom, at southeast Prasat
Chrung.
Identification and measured drawings of Prasat P64’s (1) foundation, located 400 metres to the south of the Death Gate.
V.5.2. The APSARA National Authority and Sydney University (APSARA National
Authority-GAP)
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Site studies at Kok Rolum (Roluos), Kok Bak, Kok Kanh Chreng (Phnom Krom) and of
ancient mounds and settlements in the surroundings of the Angkor Park temples.
Study of ceramics from sites located on the ancient roads, of dikes and ancient canals
aiming at locating traces of settlements in these areas.
Study of the lower part of the surrounding wall of Ta Prohm, where some constructions may have had a religious feature or could have been dwellings.
Collaborative excavations at Prasat Prei Khmeng.
V.5.3. APSARA National Authority and World Monuments Fund (APSARA National
Authority-WMF)
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Prasat Phnom Bakheng:
. A Shiva linga has been discovered to the South of Phnom Bakheng and CIMAC assisted in the mine clearance of the area. Three pieces of unexploded ordnance were
found.
. 2,209 stones have been inventoried, of which 399 are stored on site.
. A substantial number of stones are missing from the first and second levels, which
led to the recycling of 152 stones to fill the gaps on the southeast corner and five
stones at the fifth level of the northeast corner.
. Digitalisation of data on stone restoration, inventory of stones and design of a plan
of 543 fragments of stones scattered in areas ASW and BSE.
. Completion of the restoration: of the platform of the northeast corner wall of towers
D and B and of the Prasat satellite D12; of the northeast angle C tower, of the Prasat
satellite C11 and drawing of a plan of the temple once restoration is completed.
. 13 sandstone blocks and eight laterite blocks added in the degraded rocky area of
Prasat Satellite C12 and design of a plan on this work.
. Completion of the addition of laterite blocks in the foundation of Prasat Satellite
B11.
. 418 blocks of stones have been used to rebuild the wall of the southeast corner of
tower F and 271 laterite blocks added between the bedrock and the wall; restoration
of the bedrock by adding 37 laterite blocks consolidated with the use of a 20 centimetre-wide stainless steel bar connected to the bedrock of the hill.
. Restoration of the southeast corner Tower E wall by using 324 stone blocks, 59 for
Tower F and an additional 165 laterite blocks between the wall and the bedrock.
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Prasat Preah Khan:
. Reconstruction of the fourth gopura of the East and West gates with 21 courses laid
using 15 new stones and 317 ancient stones.
. Completion of the restoration work of the laterite wall and of garuda number 38.
. Three ancient stone fragments and two new stones have been used to restore the
south gate of Prasat Brahma.
V.5.4. The APSARA National Authority and the Italian team (APSARA National Authority-IGeS)
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Completion of the construction of a cofferdam and consolidation of the tier foundation.
Meeting with Professor Santoro, the leader of the IGeS team, regarding the process
to secure the southwest corner brick tower to the outside of the second enclosure of
Prasat Bakong. The selected technique will consolidate the structure of the tower using metal rods inserted all around the tower.
V.5.5.The APSARA National Authority and the German team for conservation of
the stone (APSARA National Authority-GACP)
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Using lime and rods inserted in the depth of the stones, consolidation of the basreliefs; assessment of the level of decay of the stone at Ta Keo.
Dismantlement and reassembly of four stairs of two towers at Prasat Bakong then
cleaning of the dust and filling of the cracks on colonnettes, lintels, statues, etc. .
On-going restoration of the decayed carvings of the northwest brick tower and of the
south tower inside the first enclosure of Prasat Bakong.
Recording of the data of the stone cleaning process at Prasat Kravan.
Installation of moulds to protect statues at Prasat Trapeang Phong.
Design of the Risk Maps for Angkor Wat, Koh Ker and other temples.
Starting the process of removing the salt from the stone surface at Angkor Wat, in
the first gallery (at the centre, eastern span to the southwest) and at the third gallery
(at the centre, western and northeast spans, south outer wall).
Addition of rods to consolidate the stones at Angkor Wat’s third gallery (north side,
northwest and in a small rectangular room).
Lime injected in porous areas of the stones to consolidate them and in the third gallery of Angkor Wat (to the centre, western span, outer roof to the south-west side).
Filling of the cracks using lime at Angkor Wat’s third gallery (to the west, at the centre, to the northwest, outer roof, small western pediment and to the northeast).
V.5.6.The APSARA National Authority and the Chinese team for conservation of Ta
Keo (APSARA National Authority-CSA)
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Archaeological excavations opposite the north gate, on the northeast side with a view
to understanding the structure of the east-west laterite stairs accessing the temple.
Restoration of six hazardous structures: the west and north gates, the eastern stair
pyramid, the northeast pyramid, the northwest pyramid and the northeast gallery.
V.5.7.The APSARA National Authority and the Indian team for conservation of Ta
Prohm (APSARA National Authority-ASI)
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Restoration of the Hall of Dancers and installation of a water drainage system inside
the temple.
V.5.8.The APSARA National Authority and the Japanese team for conservation of
the Bayon (APSARA National Authority-JASA)
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Restoration of the south gate of Tower 55, of the neighbouring wall of the outer gallery and of the sandstones of the same tower.
Search for Tower 55’s missing stones.
Archaeological digs with a view to understanding the structure of the stairs leading to
Tower 55 and restoration of the naga guardrail and of the lion statues at the south
and north of Tower 55.
Completion of the restoration and conservation of Tower 57.
V.5.9.The APSARA National Authority and the Japanese team for conservation of
West Prasat Top (APSARA National Authority-NARA)
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Completion of the archaeological digs to understand the foundation of the temple.
Restoration of the platform and consolidation of the south foundation.
V.5.10.The APSARA National Authority and the German team for conservation of
the stone (APSARA National Authority-GIZ)
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-
-
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Restoration of three naga guardrails, east of Prasat Preah Khan.
In cooperation with the National Preah Vihear Authority, implementation of the restoration of the areas damaged by bullets fired by Thai soldiers.
In cooperation with a French archaeological team: restoration of the elephant pond,
of the lion statue and of the elephant statue at Mount Kulen. Verification of some
2013 restored sites: Prasat Damrei Krab, Prasat Outob, Poeurng Mohaeisei, Prasat
Thamr Dab, Prasat Neakta, Prasat Khla Khmum, and the Preah Ko statue.
To the east of the central tower of Prasat Phnom Krom, restoration of the apsara
statue, of colonnettes of the northeast tower, of the lion statue (head connected to
the body and feet) using new sandstones.
Restoration of the bas-relief, punching and insertion of rods glued, cleaning of lichens
and filling of cracks with lime on the northeast and southeast areas of the Bakong
stairs on the second level.
Ongoing restoration of the head of the naga at the Tonle Oum Gate of Angkor Thom.
Completion of the restoration of the Buddha statue of the Bayon central tower.
V.5.11. The APSARA National Authority and the Sophia University Japanese team
(APSARA National Authority-Sophia)
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Workers and the team of Sophia University have seen to the maintenance of the inner
courtyard of Banteay Kdei.
V.5.12. Miscellaneous
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Completion of the follow up works and blueprint of the conference room of the
APSARA National Authority.
Completion of the follow up works and detailed plan for the construction of the exhibition hall, bathrooms and enclosure of the Spice Garden.
Further improvement of the north and west extension plan of the Spice Garden with
the setting up of the butterfly garden, hide and seek garden and waterfall garden.
Mowing of the grass and collection of rubbish in temples where the V-Green Company
is operating.
Cutting of the undergrowth growing on the Angkor Park temples.
V.6. Human resources training programme
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Six archaeologists attended training abroad: three in Korea, one in Japan and two in
France. Another archaeologist will train for two years in France.
Two brick restoration specialists working at Preah Koh trained 16 workers working at
the Prasat Kok Chak restoration site. These workers come from Prasat Pre Rup, Prasat Bat Chum and Prasat Kok Chak,
Three officers of the department have been trained in brick restoration techniques
and restoration site management for brick temples.
VI. Department of Water Resources Management
VI.1. Water management
VI.1.1. Ancient hydraulic structures
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Completed works
 Improvement works for bypass canals.
. From the east side of Ta Prohm until the Siem Reap River, a total length of 147 metres.
. Opposite the Terrace of the Elephants, 500 metres.
. From the Victory Gate through the Death Gate until Toule Oum Gate, 2,000 metres.
. From Takao Gate to the Great Lake, 1,300 metres.
. From Tonle Oum Gate to the Great Lake, 1,100 metres.
. In the enclosure of the Phimeanakas, 100 metres.
. In the Preah Khan enclosure, 200 metres and in from the north gate until the south
gate, 1,800 metres.
 Angkor Wat: Improvement of the inlet canals, southwest of the moat and cleaning
of water.
 Angkor Thom: i) Improvement of the southwest dike of the moat using 368 m3 of
soil, ii) repair of the southwest dike using 21 m3 of soil.
 3,882 m3 of grass planted along the canals of Preah Khan temple and on the banks
of the dike at Leang Dai village.
 Improvement of 62 metres of the Sampeou Loun canal, south of the Angkor Thom
moat to supply the Angkor Wat moat with water.
 Clearing of 1,500 m2 of dead vegetation opposite the Preah Khan visitor platforms.
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On-going works
 Improvement of the existing canal system and of new bypass canals at the Bayon.
 Study and development of the water bypass system at Preah Khan to prevent any
flooding of the access causeway and inside the temple.
VI.1.2. Irrigation system
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Completed works
 At Puork:
. To ameliorate water management in this area, a study of the different locations was
completed. It consisted in the measured drawing of ancient canals (Ô Khlot, Ô Damrei
Slab) and of the Puork and Preah Srok rivers, with a view to improving them.
. The thickness of the soil to be removed from the canals to be improved has been
measured and then a marker has been set in a canal where improvement works need
to be continued at Phlung village for a total length of 500 metres.
. Meeting with the Daun Keo commune chief to assess the potential impacts of the
improvement works of the Ô Khlot canal that will continue the Arak Chhor dike to the
Preah Srok River.
. Study of bypass canals, from the Korean bypass road, at the Anlong Thlork dike,
Nokor Krao village and design of a detailed plan for the improvement project of the
Norkor Krao village canals to Preah Srok River.
. Surveys have been carried out to check the bed of the canal’s levels and identify the
sections to be improved from Ô Khlot until the Puork River, over 500 metres.
. Verification of the invert levels to identify the exact location of the construction of
three overflows at Lbaek, Ta Snae and Rohal villages, Daun Keo commune.
 At Preah Khan:
. Identification of the location and control of the invert levels of the foundation of a
new bridge being built on a road located north of the temple.
. Measured drawings have been undertaken to verify the invert levels of foundation of
a sluice gate being built at Phlung village, Preah Khan.
 Along the T5 road:
. Measured drawings carried out to determine the height of the dike where ducts will
be laid along road T5.
. Improvement of the T5 road canals from K’aèk bridge over 200 metres so that water
on both sides of the road drains more quickly.
 Study of the detailed plan for improvement of canal infrastructures and of the canal
going from Puork River until Srok River.
 Study of the detailed plan of the closure of the flooding protection dike of the village, over 300 metres. This is to install a round duct in order to build a sluice gate to
the east of the Lok Ta Suot dike, Norkor Krao village.
VI.1.3. Management of the water table
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Measurement of the level of the water table.
A regular check of the level of water of the Angkor Park water table is carried out. The
measurement is done on 87 selected wells located in 17 villages in Angkor Thom and
Banteay Srei districts and in the city of Siem Reap. The levels are measured every
morning and the data collated and recorded.
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Analysis of the water quality
. Every three months, sampling of the water of seven different wells from seven villages of the Angkor Park, to analyse the water table.
. Every other week the water of the Siem Reap River water is sampled in three different locations to control its quality and pollution level.
. Twice a year, the composition of the water of Siem Reap River is sampled in three
different locations. The samples are sent to a laboratory at the Ministry of the Environment in Phnom Penh, as the Department lacks the tools to carry out this type of
analysis.
. Regular control of the quality of the Angkor Wat moat water, cleaning and removal
of surface lichens. The analysis highlighted the absence of pollutants contrary to what
had been reported.
VI.1.4. Management of floods
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Completed works
 Miscellaneous activities:
. Improvements of the Ô Khlot canal over 6,700 meters length, which required the
dredging of 150,290 m3 of soil from the bed of the canal.
. A road crossing the Takao Gate was fixed over 315 metres.
. Enclosing 300 metres of the dike to prevent flooding of Nokor Krao village and construction of 200 meters of round ducts with a sluice gate located east of the Ta Sot
dike in Nokor Krao village.
 Constructions:
. Of three manholes at Nokor Krao village.
. Of a 1 (h) x 1 (w) x 45 (l) metre wooden bridge built in the village of Lbaek, Khum
Daunkeo, Puork district. This bridge crosses the first outlet canal and eases traffic for
the locals.
. Of two wooden bridges: one on the Ta Dike at the village of Nokor Krao, the other at
Phlung village.
. Of a concrete bridge on the road leading to Phlung to the north of Preah Khan.
. Of a 600 (l) x 2 (w) x 0.5-0.7 (h) metre canal to drain water from the first outlet in
the village of Lbaek, Daun Keo commune, Puork district.
. Of three outlets in the villages of Lbaek, Ta Snae, and Rohal, Daun Keo commune,
Puork district.
. Of a sluice gate at Phlung village to drain water from Phlung and Leang Dai villages,
Leang Dai commune, Angkor Thom district.
. At Takao Thmei, a badly damaged sluice gate, following the 2013 floods, has been
rebuilt and 150 m2 of grass has been planted on the flanks of the sluice gate.
. Study of drainage solutions for floodwater using sluice gates, roads, bridges, dikes
and canals.
 Monitoring of the work:
. Construction works of a rice paddy irrigation canal of 2 (w) x 0.5-0.7 (h) metres at
Kok Thnoat. This enabled the repair 400 metres of small rice paddy dikes.
. Monitoring and follow up of the cutting of the Arak Chhor and Anlong Thlork dikes.
. At Daun keo, monitoring of the dredging of a canal and at Lvea, Puork district, from
Ô Khlot until Puork and Preah Srok rivers, a total of 5,200 metres adding to the previously improved 6,700 metres. These works are still underway with 30 per cent
completed, and will resume once the monsoon is over.
. Construction of a sluice gate to the west of Anlong Thlork dike at the village of
Pranit. This sluice gate has been fitted with a lock gate and a mechanic system. As
soon as the monsoon is over, two stairs on both sides of the sluice gate will be built.
95 per cent of the work is completed.
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Ongoing work
 Monitoring at the Puork River from the Kel dike for two kilometres along the river
until the Tonle Sap Lake and at Preah Srok River, from a bridge on National road 6 at
Daun Tro village, Lvea commune, Puork district towards the Tonle Sap lake for three
kilometres.
 Ongoing studies:
. Drafting of a detailed plan of the outlet and inlet gates at Tonle Snguot, to the west
of Preah Khan and of the constructions of two additional sluice gates from Ô Khlot until Puork River at the village of Kok Po, Daun Keo commune, Puork district.
. Detail of the improvement works of the Ô Damrei Slab canal, from the corner of the
Angkor Thom moat until Puork River, for five kilometres and construction of both a
wooden bridge and a concrete bridge.
. Development work on the dirt roads on both sides of the canal leading to Preah Srok
River for three kilometres; construction of a wooden bridge; fitting of two round
ducts; of three square ducts on the road leaving Pranit, Kok Chak commune to the
village of Kok Po, Daun keo commune, Puork district.
VI.2. Monitoring of air quality
VI.2.1. Air Quality monitoring
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Regular checking of the air quality analysis device set up at the Sokha ticketing
checkpoint. Dust, O3, NO, NO2, NOx and SO2 are the six elements constantly analysed.
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Monitoring of the air quality in the Angkor Park using Gastect Tube bulbs. NO2, SO2
and CO are monitored. The instruments are located in two different locations: inside
the ticketing building and at the car park to the west of Angkor Wat. The monitoring
lasted seven days.
In cooperation with Kanazawa University, three samplings of air were carried out at
the Spice Garden, opposite the Angkor Wat temple and the Royal Residence, and then
sent to Japan for analysis.
VI.2.2. Meteorological data collection
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Regular collection of the data provided by the Spice Garden, Kraing Kroch and Phnom
Krom stations.
Wat Rumchey, Phnom Kulen and Chau Srei Vibol’s data cannot be collected due to the
failure of one of the instruments.
The monitoring tool installed at Wat Preah Kral (Phnom Kulen) station has been dismantled to be fixed and is now kept at the department office.
Repair and installation of new solar tools at Phnom Krom station.
Installation of new monitoring devices for precipitation in five different locations. At
Wat Preah Kral (Phnom Kulen), Kraing Kroch, Phnom Krom, Wat Slat Rumchey and
Chau Srei Vibol stations. Another device is being installed at the Banteay Srei parvis.
VI.3. Miscellaneous works:
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A Japanese Quality control (JQA) body has carried out an internal audit of the different departments of the APSARA National Authority on the ISO14001 environment
management system at Angkor.
The Spice Garden is regularly hosed with water pumped from the Spean Roak Rak
station.
Monitoring of the construction work for a pumping station close to the lake. Equipment has been installed and the existing water supply system at the APSARA National
Authority seat has been fixed and has been operating since the 17th of October 2014,
once the water storage tank was cleaned. These works have been completed.
VI.4. Special projects
VI.4.1. Improvement and development project of the West Baray
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Completed works
 Attending meetings on the use of the water of the West Baray with the Puork district Council and four other local commune authorities (Khum Khnat, Khum Samraong
Yea, Khum Keo Poa, Khum Khnat) and the community of farmers using the West
Baray’s water. The goal has been to set up good relationships between water managers and users for a better understanding of the community which has had tense
relationships with the APSARA National Authority. This meeting was organised in the
footsteps of the government decision to entrust the APSARA National Authority, on
the 1st of July, 2014, with the management of the sluice gate and irrigation system of
the West Baray. The aim was also to clear the air, improve understanding and prevent misconceptions which would lead locals to voice their dissatisfaction in public
fora.
 Drafting of the request for emergency repair of the inlet canal to the east side of the
West Baray (water coming from the decanting pond of Takao), as it has partly collapsed due to water seepages.
 Measured drawing for the construction of a temporary spillway to the southwest
corner of the West Baray and rechecking of the invert levels and consolidation of ancient structures.
 Completion of the construction of the square ducts and repair of a laterite dirt road
over 530 metres from National Road 6 until the West Baray.
 Three workers are tasked with watering vegetation and planted grass on the flanks
and upper areas of the western dike, of the visitor platform at dike 560 at the west
and north corners of the Kok Thnaut school and village and at the east visitor platform at the south corner of Kok Tachan village.
 The patrol and protection unit includes 17 workers and carries out regular checks on
the dike, to prevent illegal logging of planted trees and land grabbing.
 The tree planting and maintenance team of the West Baray dike prunes trees and
cares for the 24,718 newly planted and naturally growing trees of the dike to facilitate
their growth. 2,000 trees gifted by the Department of Forest Management and Cultural Landscape have been planted around the eastern visitor platform on the east
dike at the corner of Kok Tachan village, along the southwest spillway of the west
dike and along the road leading to the 60 metre dike. This Unit also completed the
repair of the dike road, damaged after heavy rainfall, to smooth traffic. The Unit also
cares for 95 trees surrounding the spillway and along the dirt track leading to the
500-metre dike.
 Control:
. Monitoring of the construction of a wooden bridge built by villagers from Phoum
Chrei, Sangkat Teuk Vil, on the main outlet canal of the West Baray. The communities
requested this bridge and the Community Work Group of the APSARA National Authority provided the wood.
. Control of the construction of an outlet to the southwest of the West Baray, with 90
per cent of the work completed. The lower part of the dike of the outlet still needs to
be finalised.
. Regular monitoring of the level of water of the West Baray: an officer from the department measures twice daily the level of water opposite the outlet gate.
 Completed repair works:
. Of the dike surrounding the West Mebon damaged after last year's floods.
. Of a 1,920 metre laterite track on the south dike of the West Baray and on that west
of the outlet gate.
. Of the outlet gate of the West Baray (installation of metal mesh to catch domestic
waste, cleaning of water accumulating in front of the sluice gate, changing the lever
of the sluice).
. Of Trapeang Khyang’s dike, damaged in some locations, to prevent water seepages.
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On-going activities
 Studies:
. Of the shape of the west side of the dike to prepare the ground for repair and consolidation of the dike over 500 metres and the already prepared 560 metre extension
of the dike.
. Preparation of the documents to repair sections of the dike on both sides of the outlet gate over 500 meters’ length.
. Drafting request documentation for the repair of the West Baray’s irrigation system.
Works include: improvement of a nine kilometre canal, fitting of sluice gates, meINTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR
chanical boxes and levers and fixing the upstream and downstream areas of the
locks.
 Measured drawing to design a consolidation project for the dirt road atop the west
dike of the Svay Romeat pagoda, to the east of the outlet gate, over 2,845 metres.
VI.4.2. Improvement project of the North Baray (Jayatataka)
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Completed works
Control and inventory with a representative of the users’ community of the hydraulic structures of the irrigation system of the North Baray, in view of their improvement and repair.
 Repair works:
. Of 14 sections of the dike at Leang Dai and Ta Koh villages. Each section of the dike
measures 1.5 (h) x 4 (w) x 30 (l) meters. 8,400 m2 of grass have been planted on these 14
sections.
. To repair the Ta Som dike and the Leang Dai village dike, 1,202 m3 of soil have been
used. 160 m2 of grass and 500 trees have been planted to prevent their erosion.
. Repair using laterite of a dirt road leading to the Angkmol pagoda at Leang Dai village
over 260 metres with a 4 metre of width.
 Gardening and plantation:
. 15,000 m2 have been cleared and 100 trees planted at the North Baray.
. Development works carried out at the experimental station for plants that may protect
dikes against erosion (Preah Kahn) and at the experimental station of plant for water sanitation and nursery of young trees for protecting waterways (Kraing Kroch).
. The following species have been planted along the nature tour itinerary: 557 m2 of grass,
52 Thkol and 137 Krabao trees; 33 m2 of grass around the water sanitation pond at Kraing
Kroch; 650 Reang, 1,344 Kanseng and 720 Angkanh planted along the dike and beside the
entrance road to Prasat Neak Poan; 174 Rompeak planted around the rainfall gauge station
at Kraing Kroch; 216 Kanseng, 6,351 Beng, 4,354 Kokoh, 260 Angkal, 6,818 Reang, 4,215
K’ngaok, 880 Loeurng Reach, 254 Roluos Bai, 2,953 Krabao, 1,890 Angkanh and 300 Koki
have been replanted. 350 plastic bags to protect the plants have been changed on young
Smach trees in the nursery.
 Guarding and security:
. The daytime unit in the east dike includes 10 rangers patrolling the North Baray from 7
a.m. until 6 p.m., with 8 rangers patrolling at night time, from 6p.m. until 7 a.m. This unit
intercepts any illegal activities such as logging along the dike, hunting and fishing. They
also assist in the watering of small plants at the Preah Khan nursery, in opening and closing
the Ta Som, Phlong, Leang Dai and Angk’maol sluice gates and that of canal A, of the canal
leading to Phnom Bok, of the Reach Dak bridge and in checking water infiltration of the
dikes at the North Baray at the corner with Prasat Ta Som until Phnom Bok.
. The unit guarding the sluice gates comprises of four members. They monitor and control
the level of water, see to the opening and closing of the locks at Angkor Thom (south-west
and north-west corners), at Dei Chhnang, Death and Tonle Oum Gates, at Sampeou Loun
east of Angkor Wat, at Trapeang Khyang, Ô Khlot and Ô Damrei Slab and of the sluice gate
at Takao gate. This is to prevent opening of the gates and locks by ill-intentioned individuals at night. They are guarded between 3 p.m. and 7 a.m. The guards are also on hand to
close and open the locks when needed.
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On-going activities
 Implemented studies:
. On five sections of damaged dikes at Phlong village and at the Anlong Andong bridge for
future repairs.
. Design of a detailed plan for a lock at the North Baray and another on the Dei Sor road
(Leang Dai village).
. Of a North Baray water drainage system furthered by the construction of a lock gate to
both regulate and let water out.
In-depth study of the improvement works of a 1,360 metre canal to the south of the North
Baray and of the repair of the seeping dike of Preah Khan at Kraing Kroch.
. Detailed study of the construction works of a dike parallel to an older one over 2,000 metres at the villages of Phlung and Leang Dai and of the construction of one water run-off
canal at the Phlung village to drain water from the village during the monsoon.
 On-going study to analyse the stratigraphy of Prasat Phnom Bei to acquire more
knowledge on the relationship between the hydraulic system and the temple.
VI.4.3. Angkor Heritage Management Framework
The cooperation with an Australian team of consultants within the framework of the Angkor
Heritage Management Framework terminated in late 2013, but cooperation is still on-going
(until 2014) with UNESCO on the Risk Map components and pilot projects as defined in the
base plan.
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Tourism Management Plan of the Angkor site
This project component was suggested by the APSARA National Authority and has been
approved by the Angkor-ICC. A Unit composed of young officers from different departments
is focusing on the implementation of the Tourism Management Plan at the Angkor site.
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Four pilot projects:
 Beng Mealea:
The presidency approved the Working Group proposal to build two sluice gates: one
to the southwest and that other to the southeast of the temple and to develop tourism infrastructures. The Risk Map Group is studying potential safety risks for visitors
when touring the temple. The new design itinerary should enrich the visit with new
vistas of the temple and its surroundings.
 Tour itinerary of the North Baray:
Besides the design of a tour itinerary, the Working Group has also trained and established a community (the cooperative community for tourism development of the
Jayatataka Baray) engaging members of the local population living in the villages
around the Baray (Phlung and Leang Dai, Angkor Thom district). Visitors can also use
canoes and the community is overseeing the organisation with a view to generating
additional income. The project is running smoothly and has been considered as a
model to be replicated on the Banteay Srei site within the community benefiting projects framework.
 Monitoring of the air quality
The Working group has completed the installation of automatic analyses of the air
quality at the office of the Department of Water Resources Management on route 60
m. After the APSARA National Authority offices moved to the new premises, the
Working Group, in cooperation with the University of Kanazawa in Japan, dismantled
the instruments and remounted them at the Angkor ticketing checkpoint managed by
Sokha Hotel. Technicians are constantly monitoring the station. In the area of the
new APSARA National Authority seat, the air is little polluted, as it is far from the city
centre and dense traffic.
 Sunset at Angkor
The Working group has identified several sites where tourists may enjoy beautiful
sunsets. Brochures and a dedicated website have been designed to facilitate the visit
and enlarge the offer to national and international visitors. A location to the east of
the West Baray (former inlet canal of the Takao Gate) has been selected as a new site
to enjoy sunsets. New alternative sites aim at relieving the pressure on the most visited temples at this peak hour for visits. Visitor platforms have been built and visitors
have started using them. To be developed are access roads, cycle lanes and car
parks. Some land-titling issues are still pending resolution with the locals.
-
Monument Risk Map
Research and study of the documentation on previous works for the restoration of the Angkor site from 1908 until 1973: old pictures and plans of monuments have been found. For
the first time, condition survey cards of the Angkor Thom surrounding wall and the Terrace
of the Elephants have been completed.
In order to design the Risk Map, three test-pits have been dug at the Elephant terrace, at
Neak Poan and on the east side of the Angkor Thom wall, with the objective of gaining a
better understanding of the structure of the monuments’ foundations. The outcomes will be
used for potential restoration and water run-off works on the monuments.
 Angkor Thom wall
. The collapsed areas of the wall have been recorded: there are 22 locations where condition survey cards and archaeological risks have been drafted (exact location, photos,
description of the condition).
. Completion of the archaeological excavations to the southeast Prasat Chrung: a total of
nine digs with three large trenches dug to better understand the temple structure and the
Angkor Thom wall.
. Manual clearance of the vegetation and of the upper surface of the wall over three kilometres.
. Monitoring of the risks and evolution of the three kilometre long works on the eastern wall
and of the completed works (ATW39 and ATW49).
. Location and condition survey cards have been drafted for the three kilometre long section of the wall.
. Consolidation of the Death Gate: as it is in a serious state of decay, the Working Group
has undertaken strengthening works of the elephant statues on three sides of the gate and
tightened the belting of the Brahma faces.
. Takao Gate consolidation: due to heavy traffic through this door, consolidation of the Gate
and of the Brahma and elephant statues has been carried out.
. Consolidation of the southeast Prasat Chrung: the entrance gate of the temple has been
strengthened with a concrete doorframe and a metallic cable is now belting the east and
west towers, and the facade stoned wall showing large gaps has been consolidated using
bricks.
 Neak Poan
. Completion of the copy of the temporary plan of the Singha tower.
. Completion of the first phase of work, with four trenches dug to better understand the
foundation of the water run-off system linked with the south pond of Neak Poan. A restoration project will be designed depending on the outcomes of these research works.
 Phimeanakas
. Consolidation of a corner of a temple of the third platform using clay to consolidate the
impermeability of the temple surfaces.
 Elephant Terrace:
Four trenches have been excavated during the first phase and the technical report is being
drafted.
-
On-going activities
 Studies:
. Of the upper level of Phimeanakas to find the water run-off canal; use of clay to fill
cracks and prevent water infiltration into the inner structure of the temple.
. Of the Neak Poan: planning to prepare a conservation project of the south tower
(Singha), and to gather documentation on archaeological excavations with a view to researching the structure of the pond foundation located south of the temple.
 Consolidation of the waterproofing of the structures using clay and design of the plans of
the Death and Takao Gates and of the southeast Prasat Chrung with a view to carrying out
a static analysis and preparing a conservation project.
 Drafting of the technical documentation of the Angkor Thom wall and of Beng Mealea
temple to be circulated to the relevant technical departments to further conservation
works.
 Archaeological digs:
. Ongoing excavations at point number 4 of the Risk Map, where erosion has occurred. This
aims at better-understanding the structure of the foundation of the wall and ancient construction techniques to later restore the damaged areas. The Working Group is researching
and collecting documentation on Neak Poan to establish condition survey cards and is drafting the Risk Map for this temple.
. In early 2015, the Working Group is planning to commence the second phase of the archaeological excavations of the Elephant Terrace and Neak Poan in order to detail the study
of the structure of these two monuments and thereby contribute to their consolidation and
restoration works. These excavation works will also assist in solving the water run-off issue
for these two monuments. Besides this, the Working Group has started risk studies for
Chau Srei Vibol and Banteay Samre temples and the design of itinerary tours at the temple
of Beng Mealea, where some wooden planks are in a dire condition and a hazard to visitor
safety. The new itinerary should enable visitors to enjoy new experiences on the upper and
inner sections of the temple.
VI.4.4. Sanitation and water management project in the Angkor area (PAAGERA)
-
Completed works
A memorandum of understanding was signed between the APSARA National Authority and
French partners in December 2013.
. Within the framework of the implementation of this project, systems to automatically collect data have been installed on several sluice gates and waterways of the Angkor Park.
They will help with improving management of water resources in times of monsoon or dry
seasons.
The project plans to soon equip the locks with an automatic closing and opening system
using remotely controlled commands and without the need for manual involvement on site.
. During the first phase, the French partners have sent experts to train members of the
Working Group. This has led to the fitting of automatic water gauging devices in four locations: at the bridge of Preah En Kosei pagoda, at Ta Som sluice gate, at Banteay Srey
Bridge and at the wooden bridge of the River of a Thousand Lingas (Phnom Kulen). Rainfall
gauging tools at Preah Kral pagoda (Phnom Kulen) and at Kraing Kroch station have also
been installed. The collected data is automatically sent to the storage centre rendering any
human activity redundant.
. During the second phase, the French partners sent 14 automatic water level gauging instruments and the Working Group was able to install them without outside help. Moreover,
nine units have already been installed at the south moat of Angkor Wat temple, at the
sluice gates of Ô Khlot, at the northwest corner of Angkor Thom, at Ta Niev, at the North
Baray, at the West Baray, at the Roluos Bridge, at Sala Kravan and Wat Prei bridges. Three
rainfall-gauging devices have been installed at the Phnom Krom station, at Slat Rumchei
pagoda and Chau Srei Vibol temple.
. For the next phase, the project established a Committee to select a consultancy firm
which will be tasked with carrying out thorough studies on the technique, sustainability and
benefits of the project for the Angkor Siem Reap region. The selected consultancy will base
its feasibility study on the data collected by installed devices in the aforementioned 20 stations. After a first round of tenders four firms have been selected from the eight that bid.
The Paris Working Group and the French Agency for Development (AFD) office in Phnom
Penh will be consulted before finalising the selection process.
-
On-going activities
On-going installation of the automatic water level gauging devices at the Angkor Thom
south gate and rainfall gauging device being set at the Banteay Srei parvis.
VI.4.5. Run Ta-Ek ecovillage development project (phase 3)
-
Completed works
. Watering and gardening care of the grass and plants around the lake and regular cleaning
of the areas around the lake and in the village.
. 115 m3 of soil used to fill areas eroded due to rainfall, and cutting of 51,500 m2 of grass
around the ponds of the village.
. Installation of 13 ducts to improve water run-off during the monsoon at Chealea
Thom village.
. The water level is regularly gauged and monitored at the Chealea Thom Lake and at eight
wells of Run Ta-Ek commune.
. 190 meters of canal dug to drain excess water off the lake and village.
. 1,574 m2 of grass planted on the flanks of the canal to protect it from erosion.
. 176 meters of the Run Ta-Ek circular road have been repaired, as have two manholes and
a windmill. 15 m3 of soil used to repair the damaged stretches of the Dei Sor road leading
to the APSARA National Authority henhouse.
-
On-going activities
. Study of the water run-off system at Run Ta-Ek to plan improvement works, as some areas had collapsed after flooding, which also damaged number of dikes and roads
. Study on the improvement and installation of eight ducts on the circular road of the village and on the improvement of a three-kilometre canal north of the village at Chealea
Toch Lake which would supply Run Ta-Ek ecovillage with water.
VII. The Department of Tourism Development in Angkor
The Department is staffed as follows:
. 1 deputy director general,
. 3 deputy directors of the department,
. 44 employees,
. 150 tourism control officers.
VII.1. Completed works
-
Drafting of 198 free Angkor Park entrance authorisation letters;
Drafting of 102 free Angkor Park dinner show organisation authorisation letters.
VII.1.1. Statistics and tourism planning
-
Control of the Angkor Park ticketing which 2014 data is the following:
Month
Number of
visitors
Increase
percentage
period on
period from
2013
Total revenue in US$
JanuaryOctober
1,643,657
2.57%
47,387,500
Increase
percentage
of revenue
period on
period from
2013
4.25%
Miscellaneous
-
Number of delegations and researchers entitled to complimentary access to the Angkor Park.
2014
JanuaryOctober
2014
JanuaryOctober
Number of delegates
5,387
Number of days
Number of
searchers
639
Number of days
re-
381
35,316
Number of delegates/days
8,024
Number of researchers/days
VII.1.2. Monitoring of visitors and itineraries
-
-
-
-
The managers of site tourism officers organise monthly meetings to solve any arising
issues and to bolster the efficiency of their assignment by improving collaboration
with the Department of the Conservation of Monuments’ police, the Heritage Police
Unit and the Tourism Police Unit. They subsequently drafted a report sent to the
management.
Cooperation with the Heritage Police Unit in the sites of the Angkor Park to reduce the
number of children approaching tourists to sell them souvenirs.
Control of the authorisation papers for shooting, videoing and filming done with professional materials for commercial use. 15 visitors were caught red-handed and sent
to the service centre of the APSARA National Authority to request authorisation.
The Department helped 12 visitors to find their lost/stolen belongings and to file
complaints with the unit of the tourism police.
Tourism control officers cooperated with the units of the Heritage and Tourism Police
to rescue visitors who had accidents and evacuate them via ambulance to the hospital.
Fourteen visitors were injured when slipping or falling from stairs.
Eight visitors had vertigo and fell ill.
Five visitors stumbled or fell and had head injuries.
Nine visitors displayed non-ethical behaviour.
Besides any routine visitor-related issues, a recurring problem is that of the congestion at the western side of Angkor Wat due to three highly visited areas inside the
monument: the Churning of the Sea of Milk gallery, the Thousand Buddha Gallery and
the Bakan Tower.
VII.1.3. Monitoring of quality and tourism norms
-
-
-
-
A commercial area has been earmarked for the sole use of the locals and has been
cordoned off at the Thommanon.
The Heritage and Tourism Police units and the forces of the Department of Public Order and Cooperation cooperating with the Bakong district police have taken measures
to stop domestic animals wandering in the perimeter of the temple.
The tower of Bakan at Angkor Wat has been reopened to the public and there has
been no major issue to report on.
The team of the Department collaborating with the team of the Department of Conservation of the Angkor Monuments and Rescue Archaeology has cleared and cut
undergrowth around the Bakan tower.
The Department cooperated and coordinated with 16 national and international film
production companies in the Angkor Park with the aim to promote tourism in the
Kingdom of Cambodia.
The team responsible for Phnom Bakheng has informed visitors on a regular basis on:
. Not allowing visitors wearing shorts and sleeveless shirts to enter the temple premises,
. The no-smoking policy.
. Not being allowed to use professional cameras.
. Not to use of camera tripods that may damage the stones,
- The team also:
. Regulates the traffic on the steps leading to the top of the monument,
. Makes sure that the maximum capacity of 300 visitors at the temple is respected,
. Sees to visitors using only the south stairs to ascend,
. Counts the number of visitors,
. Closes the tower climb at 5.30 p.m.,
. Prohibits any children from selling souvenirs.
VII.1.4. 7 Makara Electric Cars Unit
Revenue of the rentals from electric cars (January-October 2014)
2014
Jan-Oct
Receipts in US$
58,196
Source of income
- Monthly rental
- Daily rental
- Ticket sale
- Voucher sale
Miscellaneous
Total of visitors:
22,365
VII.2. Shortcomings
-
-
-
The information campaigns on the role of the APSARA National Authority and on the
Royal Government’s policies for the conservation and development of the Angkor site
have yet to reach the public, notably those working in the tourism industry.
Regarding training: the abilities, knowledge, experience and technical level of some of
the staff of the Department need to be addressed. They require additional training.
The international level information campaign on the tourism potential of the Angkor
site remains limited, which consequently also limits the growth of the number of visitors and slows down growth in tourism sector-related investments.
Tourism-related information at Angkor (directional signs, informative panels, tourism
brochures and internet sites) do not meet the needs of tourism development.
The Department does not have sufficient material to carry out its assignments, for
example walkie-talkies in case of accidents or several issues arising in the monuments. Moreover, Tourism control officers have yet all to receive their uniforms.
VII.3. Perspective
-
-
Setting up four times a year a session of programmes for tourism control officers so
that they are aware of their roles and responsibilities, in particular when hosting visitors.
To continue to forbid the sale of souvenirs by children inside the monuments so that
they do not disturb visitors.
To take measures to prohibit filming and shooting or any other commercial activities
without prior authorisation from the APSARA National Authority.
Drafting of other regulations on tourism management inside the Angkor site and sites
under the responsibility of the APSARA National Authority.
VIII. Department of Order and Cooperation
VIII.1. Activities to stop illegal constructions in the Angkor site
-
43 occurrences of owners accepting to demolish their constructions.
-
52 occurrences of owners accepting to halt construction.
10 cases of construction materials evacuated by the owners before intervention of the
forces;
31 occurrences of intervention of the forces to halt constructions.
Complaints have been filed with the provincial tribunal:
6 cases of dismantlement of the constructions ordered by the tribunal.
4 cases of owners accepting to dismantle after a complaint was filed.
16 cases of on-going complaints.
Two cases of complaints pending decision of the Court of Appeal.
VIII.2. Interventions to secure order in the temples
-
Angkor Wat: 117 cases
.
.
.
.
.
-
Angkor Thom: 97 cases
.
.
.
.
.
-
16 cases of contracts signed with hawkers.
58 cases of contracts signed with stall owners.
34 cases of hawker goods confiscated.
1 case of stall goods confiscated.
8 cases of prevention of offences.
13 cases of contracts signed with hawkers.
35 cases of contracts signed with stall owners.
3 cases of hawker goods confiscated.
11 cases of stall goods confiscated.
35 cases of prevention of offences.
Ta Prohm : 27 cases
. 14 cases of contracts signed with hawkers.
. 10 cases of hawker goods confiscated.
. 3 cases of prevention of offences.
-
Banteay Srei parvis: 14 cases
-
Phnom Bakheng: 41 cases
-
Preah khan: 33 cases
-
Neak Poan: 2 cases
-
Pre Rup: 5 cases
-
Banteay Kdei: 26 cases
-
Lolei: 3 cases
VIII.3. Fire hazards
Two fires to report in 2014 in the Angkor site.
VIII.4. Acting in cooperation against acts of illegal constructions in the Cultural
and Tourism City
Since October 2014, the Department has been cooperating with the provincial authorities in
order to proceed with the wilful dismantling of construction in 12 occurrences and to stop
constructions with intervention of forces in one case.
VIII.5. Intervention on illegal activities in Run Ta-Ek ecovillage
-
9 cases of undergrowth clearance.
8 cases of rice farming;
6 cases of halting new constructions.
IX. Department of Management of Forestry, Cultural Landscape and the Environment.
IX.1. Forest management
IX.1.1. Tree inventory
-
At Preah Khan: 1,624 trees of 89 species;
At Ta Prohm: 986 trees of 84 species;
At Banteay Kdei; 428 trees of 58 species;
At Angkor Wat: 217 trees;
At the APSARA National Authority seat: 4,263 trees recorded;
Research on data regarding names and tree species growing at Preah Khan,
Banteay Srei and Angkor Wat: 384 trees of 120 species.
IX.1.2. Planting:
-
At Mondul Bei nursery: 39 species of medicinal plants;
At the spice garden: 934 plants;
20,000 trees along the Siem Reap River inside the Angkor Park and in the
APSARA National Authority nurseries.
35,000 different seedlings replanted in the three APSARA National Authority
nurseries.
3,317 young trees planted around the ponds of the APSARA National Authority
seat.
IX.1.3. Management:
-
-
-
Following soil improvement work, trees have been monitored over an area covering 215.5 hectares. The young plants are growing well, reaching 0.3 to 1
metre.
Maintenance of 15 firebreak paths across 17,866 metres in the Angkor Park.
3,546 hectares of free and dry land in Samrong village, Leang Dai commune
(zones 1 and 2) have been studied. Out of all the people living in this area, six
households did not agree to take part in replanting activities without any incentives.
Fixing of 36 labelling tags on palm trees at Angkor Wat.
24,730 young trees distributed to public institutions, schools, pagodas and
communes.
IX.2. Cultural landscape management
IX.2.1. Design of the Vegetation Risk Map
-
-
-
Inventory of 1,680 so-called risk trees: 460 trees are labelled as high risk, and
1,220 normal. These trees are found in 15 temples of the Angkor Park, along
the Baphuon, Preah Palilay, Phsar Yeang Thom, Trapeang Seh, North Baray and
Oeuv Laok Village tours.
Design of 12 Forest Risk Maps at the Banteay Kdei, Kravan, Ta Nei, Baksei
Chamkrong, Takeo, Ta Prohm, Batchum, Phimeanakas temples, and along the
Baphuon, Preah Palilay, Pre Rup, East Mebon oriental and Ta Som tours.
After a request from DCMAP, a team has carried out an emergency survey of
ten risk trees at Preah Khan, Banteay Prei, Neak Poan, Ta Som temples and
along the “Big Circuit”.
IX.2.2. Maintenance and upkeep
-
-
-
Pruning and cutting of trees: I) Pruning of 1,141 trees in the Angkor Park; ii)
cutting of 73 palm tree leaves (63 palm trees west of Angkor Wat and ten at the
Bayon); iii) cutting of 1,007 felled trees inside the Angkor Park.
Tree care: I) 458 trees in the temples and along the tours; ii) 161 trees have
been cared for again inside the Angkor Park; iii) watering of young trees, flowers and grasses along Road 60m, at Spean Neak and Spean Angkor, on the
Korean ring road, at Prasat Prei, on the square west of Angkor Wat, at Prasat Ta
Nei, on the west parvis of Ta Prohm and at the Tani ceramic Museum site using
272 water cisterns; iv) planting of 649 poles on both sides of the temples to
prevent cars from parking and v) planting of 36 sakura trees.
Maintenance: I) Following a request from the Department of Conservation of
Sites outside Angkor, after the fall of stone fragments into a waterway blocking
it, the stones were removed at the Ta Ong Bridge; and ii) watering of pavements opposite Angkor Wat and around the Bayon using 109 water cisterns.
IX.4. Protection of the environment
IX.4.1. Surveillance
-
-
Patrolling the Angkor Park: A total of 54 checks were carried out and prevented
two tentative land grabs, and stopped vegetation clearance, and illegal fire
wood cutting (contracts have been signed with the offenders who committed to
never repeat their misdemeanours).
VGreen company waste collection and transportation: Out of 34 checks carried
out, 25 occasions of non-complying with waste storage were recorded, leading
to the VGreen Company being ordered to re-clean.
IX.4.2. Awareness raising activities:
-
-
21 awareness and education sessions on the environment, hygiene and the value of the role played by the Angkor Park forest were presented to 787 monks
and dwellers (of which 503 were women).
Awareness raising campaign for the residents, school children, monks and forces living in the Angkor Park on reforestation, with 2,910 young trees planted.
IX.5. On-going works
-
-
Tree inventory in Angkor Wat:
Tree related activities: I) Tree labelling cards fixed at Preah Khan temple; ii) young
trees planted in nurseries; iii) planting of young trees, adult palm trees and flowers at
the APSARA National Authority’s premises; iv) reforestation of open spaces in the
Angkor Park; v) maintenance of trees located at the foot of the surrounding walls of
Angkor Thom and Phnom Bakheng; vi) felling and pruning of trees at Preah Khan,
Prasat Prei, at the Preah Vihear of Prampi Lveng and at the foot of the Angkor Thom
walls; vii) finally, collection of tree seeds of different species.
Awareness raising and education campaigns for the population;
Surveys of fallow and dry lands in Banteay Samre area;
Regular patrols checking illegal activities;
Awareness raising and education on the environment and hygiene at the village of
Trapeang Ses and in commercial zones of the Angkor Park;
Monitoring of waste collection and transportation.
IX.5. Issues
-
-
Recurring lack of manpower in nurseries, as workers have resigned despite an increase of the daily wage to 12,000 riel.
Lack of resources and materials for tree felling and pruning activities throughout the
401 km2 Park.
Land owners refuse reforestation of their fallow lands.
The Department lacks qualified manpower: forest, landscape and environment management specialists are in need of training so that they may meet international
standards.
Valuable projects regarding the improvement of the protected forest which have been
submitted to the management are, after two years, yet to be financed, notably the
maintenance of firebreaks.
IX.6. Outlook
The determination and commitment of the staff of the Department produced results superseding the planned outcomes. All assignments have been fulfilled.
X. Department of Agriculture and Community Development
The department’s main activities have been:
Bio-farming research;
Dissemination of the outcomes of research to supported villages located in the Angkor
Park;
Consolidation of the communities through saving groups.
X.1. Bio farming research
The transition between conventional farming (using chemicals) and bio farming is delicate,
as yield decreases put off farmers. Thereby, the department has designed simplified farmINTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF ANGKOR
ing techniques, increasing yield whilst using local products. In 2014, the results have been
the following:
-
Combined use of compost and KEM (Khmer Effective Micro-organisms) and of compost and KEM + Chromoleana odorata, a weed found in truck farming.
Obviously the compost and the KEM must be made adequately.
-
In the rice fields, the leaves of Cassia siamensis, a fast growing plant used for firewood, have been used (to fight against timber cutting in the forest).
These green fertilisers have successfully replaced urea.
X.2. Dissemination of the research outcomes
Constituting groups:
Poultry farming with KEM;
SRI (System of Rice Intensification), new rice farming technique;
Bio market gardening;
Compost: This group has been using the compost making- technique set up by the
department.
-
In 2014 the following groups were supported:
.
.
.
.
40
26
28
33
poultry raising groups, including 624 members.
SRI groups, with194 members.
compost groups, representing 173 members;
bio market gardening groups, representing 354 members.
Overall: 127 groups representing 1,345 members.
Commune
Poultry
Amount
1 Siem Reap
2 Bakong
3 Angkor
Thom
4 Puork
5 Banteay Srei
KEM
SRI
Number Amount
of people
Number of
people
Compost
Amount Number of
people
Bio vegetable
Amo Number
unt
of people
6
6
6
80
112
127
5
6
53
21
1
4
6
6
28
21
4
6
6
28
69
127
16
6
215
90
10
5
85
35
12
5
90
28
12
5
90
40
X.3. Consolidation of the communities through saving groups.
The flagship activity of the department is the saving group activity.
In previous reports, it has been mentioned that in general members of saving groups have
praised the APSARA National Authority, as they have been benefiting from positive outcomes of the project set up for this activity. The need to maintain its smooth operation is
necessary.
The situation of the saving groups as of the 31st of December, 2014 was the following:
Commune
1
Siem Reap
Amount
2
Number of people
24
Capital (riel)
4,122,200
2
3
4
5
Bakong
Angkor Thom
Puork
Banteay Srei
Total
5
5
17
5
33
89
123
391
131
750
16,324,000
31,361,156
386,257,300
59,723,200
498,287,856 riel
or US$ 121,534
X.4. Study of the soil at the APSARA National Authority’s new premises
Apart from a few species, the trees planted at the APSARA National Authority grow with
difficulty. In order to analyse the reasons for this, 60 one-metre deep test-pits (3-4 in front
of each buildings) have been dug, to sample the soil.
Three quarters of the analysed soil show an impermeable, clayish topsoil, potentially causing water excess in the monsoon and preventing the growth of plants.
Usually, the clay is located at least 1 metre below the topsoil. The digging of the huge water reservoir could have brought this clay back to the surface.
Recommendations:
-
To plant essences that can grow in this type of soil;
Build drainage systems;
Sufficient watering in the dry season.
XI. Angkor International Centre for Documentation and Research
XI.1. Research fields
XI.1.1. Drafting Memorandum of Understandings between the APSARA National Authority and:
-
-
-
The Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS)’s archaeological research on
the first foundations of the Khmer Empire at Phnom Kulen, signed on
28/02/2014;
The University of Sydney’s Greater Angkor Project 2014-2016, signed on
30/07/2014;
The Universities of New England (Australia), of Hawaii-Manoa (USA), and Santa
Clara (USA) on Khmer Stoneware Production and Exchange Research Project,
signed on 21/07/2014 ;
The Groupe de Recherches et d’Echanges Technologiques (Le GRET), Collaboration in research and agro-ecology signed in January 2014.
XI.1.2. Application of the 3D images project
In collaboration with Tokyo University, the Department has been tasked with the
monitoring of the digital archiving through the 3D Images Project of the temple of
Angkor Wat, using 3D Laser Sensor System to scan the galleries of the Angkor Wat
bas-reliefs.
XI.1.3. Inscriptions rubbing
This activity was done at the Roluos group of monuments for forthcoming publication.
XI.1.4. Setting up the Centre of Ceramic Research and Conservation
Thanks to the Smithsonian Institute’s financial and technical support, international
experts trained Cambodian experts at the CIRDA in December of 2014.
XI.1.5. Training given by Professor Ang Choulean
Professor Ang Choulean gave inscription reading lessons (twelve sessions this year)
with the solid attendance of the APSARA National Authority staff.
XI.1.6. Conferences on Khmer culture and civilisation
National experts have presented conferences and seminars on 19 topics to the
APSARA National Authority staff and general public.
XI.1.7. Training in the use of LiDAR data
From August the 11th until the 29th 2014, 12 young technicians from seven APSARA
National Authority departments attended training on the use of LiDAR data, according
to their respective departments. The University of Sydney supported and contributed
to this training.
XI.1.8. Publication of Angkor Wat inscriptions
Professor Ang Choulean’s research will soon be published, thanks to subsidies granted
by the Centre for Khmer Studies (CKS).
XI.1.9. Bibliographical research
Dr Oilivier Cunin was assigned by the APSARA National Authority to carry out bibliographical research in order to re-establish all the restoration and conservation stages
of the main monuments of the Angkor Archaeological Park.
A report on the history of the works carried out at Banteay Srei has been sent to the
APSARA National Authority.
XI.3. Documentation Centre
XI.3.1. Establishment of the archives unit
-
-
-
A server and the AtoM software (Access to memory) have been installed to record and store the database of the archives of the centre.
Existing documents have been classified according to the following criteria: i)
Royal decrees and national and international legislation related to the APSARA
National Authority; ii) ICC-Angkor reports; iii) historically valuable documents,
such as excavation and restoration reports before 1980, rubbings, archaeological plans and maps, microfilms, etc. iv) reports on internal training and
conferences; v) history of the establishment of the library and archives; vi)
2011 (when the Centre was established) administrative documentation; vii) archaeological work reports and viii) books published before 2000.
Research of existing documentation in other APSARA National Authority departments or through the Internet, as is the case for some royal decrees.
These archives will be posted on the net for consultation by all before the end of
2014. They will include:
64 MoUs (Memoranda of Understanding);
53 archaeological reports (post 200);
25 historical publications;
14 files on the establishment of the library;
8 reports on ancient archaeological works.
XI.3.2. Documentation management
-
-
Restoration of 160 older documents (protective covers and Dewey code labels
changed, title labels glued to the back of some copied documents, etc.)
Scanning to PDF of 40 historical, worn books. More than 3,700 pages which
have been stored in the server and on CDs for reader access.
US$499 was earmarked to the purchase of 19 new history and art history books
on Cambodia.
Other documentation has been given by individual donors or national and international bodies (97 copies) and also 76 register booklets of the 2014 royal
decrees.
Old and new documentation has been inventoried and recorded in the PMB catalogue (520 titles).
XI.3.3. Library
-
-
In March of 2014, the library reopened after relocation.
Dr Pou Thonevath trained librarians from June 1st until July 15th, 2014.
Dr. Lee Sang Min (from the Department of National Archives of South Korea)
trained the staff on basic archiving techniques and on the use of electronic instruments (AtoM) from the 9th until the 13th of June, 2014.
66 readers came to the library (APSARA National Authority staff and international researchers).
Before the end of 2014, the complete catalogue of the library will be posted on the Internet
by computer technicians. In the meantime, only people located at the Centre of the
APSARA National Authority can access the intranet by typing in the following address
10.5.48.16.
XII. Department for the Development of the Urban Heritage of Siem Reap
XII.1. Achieved and ongoing activities
XII.1.1. Urban development project
-
Review and recommendations on construction projects
 Ms. Kong Sing filed a request for the construction of a petrol station in the village of
Kor Kranh, Siem Reap commune.
 Mr. Hong Pheng filed a request for the construction of a petrol station in the village
of Sosor Sdom, commune of Sorsor Sdom, Puork District, Siem Reap province.
 Authorisation was granted to the Military police regarding the collection of dirt extracted from a pond located on APSARA National Authority land.
 Mrs. Sok Im filed a request to build a souvenir shop and a restaurant in the village
of Wat Bo, Salakamroeuk commune, Siem Reap.
 Ms. Ly Hong filed a request to build villas and shop houses in the village of Krous,
Svay Dangkum commune, Siem Reap.
 Mr. Chhourn Vathna and Ms. Bou Sotheary filed a request to build a petrol station in
the village of Pongro, Kandèk commune, Bakong, Siem Reap.
 Mr. Chheang Srieng and Ms. Khleang Lay filed a request to build a petrol station in
the village of Chrey, Sandek commune, Bakong, Siem Reap.
 Mr. Tan Bunsam and Ms. Yun Sokleang filed a request to build a petrol station in the
village of Kbal Cham, Charchhouk commune, Angkor Thom, Siem Reap.
 Mr. Khim Finan and Ms. Khieng Kateka filed a request to build a hotel in the village
of Wat Bo, Salakamroeuk commune, Siem Reap.
 Mr. Sokhavann and Ms. Him Yon Sunnaline filed a request to build the Sokhalay hotel in the village of Kasekam, Srange commune, Siem Reap.
-
Projects being reviewed
 A Japanese volunteer has studied and updated a block plan for Siem Reap town
with a view to obtaining funding from the Japanese government. He also presented to
the APSARA National Authority and Siem Reap provincial authority staff on: i) Japanese urban development; ii) the land registry modification system in Japan and iii)
land use planning and the building law of Japan.
-
Signs in Siem Reap
 Inventory and collection of the content of outdoor advertising displays and of signs
located along the Old Market Street, along the street west of Siem Reap River, as
these signs have a negative impact on the heritage area of Siem Reap.
 Signs put up at the APSARA National Authority: Monitoring of the installation by
Preah Pisnukar Company of four signs at the APSARA National Authority seat.
-
Design of a garden map at the APSARA National Authority seat.
Design of a garden made up of ponds and kiosks where young trees will be planted.
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Checking buildings and electrical installation
Estimate of emergency repairs for all the APSARA National Authority buildings.
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Angkor Wat parvis works (Phase II)
 Completion of the first phase of construction of the Angkor Wat parvis car park by
the Green Angkor Culture Inc. Company.
 Monitoring the foundation works of Phase II carried out by the same Company.
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Control of buildings
 In collaboration with the Department of Land Use Planning, Urbanisation and Construction and the Department of Land Registry of Siem Reap Province, control of nonurban standard complying constructions in Svay Dangkum and Salakamroeuk communes, Siem Reap.
 With the representative of the Ministry of Land Use Planning, Urbanisation and Construction, monitoring of the construction site of the Metro Polis Company in the village
of Phnhea Chey, Commune of Svay Dangkum, Siem Reap.
-
AIMF and SIAAP projects
Continuation of the wastewater treatment system: in cooperation with the Salakamroeuk commune chief, maintenance of the irrigation canals and education of the
locals on the maintenance of the decanting ponds.
XII.1.2. Cultural and Tourism City activities
-
Approval of constructions in the Cultural and Tourism City.
 Approval of the construction of a car park at the Visitor centre.
 Request for authorisation to start construction work for a brick fence surrounding 23
hectares of land.
 The Company S&MDC Co., Ltd filed a permit request to build a large shop selling
cultural and tourism products.
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Land registry (measuring and checking land boundaries)
 Measurement and control of the boundary of the Visitor Centre’s land and of the
land leased to S&MDC Co., Ltd Company to ensure proper registration of the lands.
 To check the property boundaries, measurement of the 40,860 m2 land leased to
Cambodia Guide Publishing Co. Ltd Company.
 To check the property boundaries, measurement of the 210,743 m2 land leased to
J&R Import Export Construction Company.
XII.2. Special projects achieved and on-going activities
XII.2.1. Design of the plans of the departments and of provincial institutions
Continuing the studies of the detailed architectural plans regarding the construction of
26 administrative departments of Siem Reap province, implemented by the Kam Tran
Ship Co. Ltd. Company. Works completed are:
.
.
.
.
Working site fenced;
Vegetation clearance and cleaning of land for readiness of the site.
Checking 15- metre drilling tests to analyse the nature of the working site’s soil.
Checking the boundaries of the land with the Kam Tran Ship Co. Ltd Company.
XII.2.2. Pedestrian area development
On-going work on the development of pedestrianised areas and planting of trees in
the garden opposite the Royal Residence.
XII.3. Issues
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The Department lacks skilled staff, especially architects and engineers, to fulfil the
on-going assignments within the set time-frame.
Equipment such as computers, printers, GPS and cameras is also insufficient.
XIII. The Department of Land Use Planning and Habitat Management in the Angkor Park (DATGHA)
The Department of Land Use Planning and Habitat Management in the Angkor Park is
tasked with the following:
Land use planning;
Control of buildings;
Religious and Built heritage;
Relationships with the population;
Ethnographic research;
Engaging with trans-sectoral projects.
XIII.1. Main duties
XIII.1.1. Land use planning
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Design of the Land Use Plan.
In cooperation with New Zealand, a first experiment of participatory land use plan
engaging villagers was carried out in Rohal and North Srah Srang villages within the
framework of the APNRM&L Community Development Project
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Land inventory (land registry)
Localisation, identification, recording and measuring of land have been undertaken in
the ten targeted villages of the collaborative project with New Zealand APNRM&L
(Angkor Participatory Natural Resources Management and Livelihood): i) Rohal, North
Srah Srang, South Srah Srang and Kravan, Sangkat Nokor Thom, Krung Siem Reap,
ii) Banteay Srey and Tuol Krâlanh, Khum Khna Sanday, Srok Banteay Srey, iii) Leang
Day and Phloung, Khum Leang Day, Srok Angkor Thom, and iv) Trapeang Sès Chas
and Kasen Tbaung Chas, Khum Kauk Châk.
Only built lands have undergone measured drawing. The measurement and recording
of rice fields will be done using aerial pictures. The staff of the Department will be
trained in GIS at the start of the new ACHA Project (Angkor Community Heritage &
Economic Advancement), also in collaboration with New Zealand.
The programme may be extended to other villages of the Park depending of the evolution of the ACHA Project.
-
Land use titles granted to the population
As soon as the technical staff has been trained on GIS use, a first operation will take
place in two villages in January 2015.
XIII.1.2. Control of buildings
-
Construction permit granted
Building permit requests are sent to the DAGTHA, which then proceeds to an on-site
verification, analysis of the documents and drafting of relevant guidelines submitted
to the APSARA National Authority director general, who has the power whether or not
to grant a permit.
In 2014 the following cases were dealt with:
. Received requests:
309
. Requests processed:
308
. Permits issued:
217
. Rejected requests:
184
. Advice given:
7
. Dossiers postponed to the next period:
1
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Post-construction checking (certificate of compliance)
This regular activity was set up in 2006 and has since been followed upon. In 2014,
492 places were checked:
. Complying constructions:
183
. Modifications requested:
225
. Construction works not meeting deadlines:
84
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Architecture consulting workshop
The DATGHA set up an architecture-consulting workshop to assist the population and
the clergy when repairing, renovating and building residential, communal and religious constructions. This service has been offered complimentarily to the population
for the past ten years.
XIII.1.3. Religious and Built heritage
Wat Bakong restoration project’s Experts of the Association Restorers Without Borders have trained one technician of the Department in the restoration of wall
paintings. He was then able to retouch damaged areas.
XIII.1.4. Relationships with the population
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Awareness raising
Within the framework of the awareness raising campaign, the Department has appointed a delegate to each of the committees in charge of raising awareness among
the population in the five Krungs and Sroks of the Angkor Park.
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Liaison officers
A liaison officer corps has been created within the framework of the Community Development Project in cooperation with New Zealand. Their task is to uphold close
relationships with the community. Within the APNRM&L Project in collaboration with
New Zealand, 15 staff members have been hired and trained. In the first instance, an
officer will oversee one district then, at a later stage, one commune.
These officers will be trained similarly to those of the Community Rangers of the
ACHA Project in cooperation with New Zealand.
XIII.1.5. Research on intangible heritage
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Royal ancient roads study
The APSARA National Authority research team has continued the study on the ancient
road from Angkor to Wat Phu in Laos and to the ancient Cham city of Vijaya (Binh
Dinh province) in Vietnam.
The project is extending and includes Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.
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Studies on villagers’ traditions and customs
As the guidelines have been set on management of intangible heritage in the Angkor
Park, a technical team has been composed to start enquiring with villagers living in
the Angkor Park on traditions and customs.
XIII.1.6. Cross-departmental projects
Srah Srang complex development project, in collaboration with Jet tours company and UNESCO.
The dismantlement of the stones of the jetty has been completed. They are being reassembled. The project’s implementation was delayed due to the construction
executive. A new team made up of two technical officers from the Risk Map has been
set up. They are taking over the project under the supervision of Mr. Michel Verrot.
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Project in cooperation with New Zealand
The Angkor Participatory Natural Resources Management and Livelihoods
(APNRM&L) community development project was completed on the 30th of September, 2013.
The success of the project gave birth to a new project: Angkor Community Heritage &
Economic Advancement (ACHA). A Memorandum of Understanding was signed on the
4th of June, 2014 and the project started in December of 2014, with an earmarked
budget of US$3.8 million over five years. It aims at the sustainable development of
the Angkor Park through the protection of heritage while securing economic prosperity and food security for the people living in the Park. The three fields of activity are:
i) economic activities in villages; ii) development of resources and community participation and iii) management of natural resources.
-
Miscellaneous projects
The DATGHA is also involved in other projects:
 Improvement works on the West Baray under the leadership of the Department of
Water Management.
 Rubbing of inscriptions, spearheaded by the Angkor International Research and
Documentation Centre.
XIII.2. Activities to be continued
The Department is continuing its main duties such as land recording, granting construction
permits, awareness raising campaigns and research on intangible heritage.
The Department contributed to the APSARA National Authority’s special projects. As soon
as the assignments end, the respective departments leading these projects will take over
the management of the Run Ta-Ek ecovillage, the Tani Kiln Site Angkor Ceramic Museum,
the Banteay Srei parvis, the landscaping of an arboretum for the Youth International Forum, etc.
XIII.3. Outcomes of the DATGHA assignments
The Department of Land-use Planning and Habitat Management of the Angkor Park
(DATGHA), besides its basic duties, also contributed to the following APSARA National Authority projects:
-
The development of the Banteay Srei parvis;
The development plan of the Run Ta Ek ecovillage;
Design of the development plan of the Tani Archaeological Park and construction and
exhibition of the Tani site Angkor Ceramic Museum;
Development of the Khmer Habitat Interpretation Centre;
The restoration of Wat Bakong Vihear and wall paintings;
Implementation of Phase 1 of the Srah Srang complex development project;
Development of the Angkor Participatory Natural Resources Management and Livelihoods in cooperation with New Zealand in ten villages of the Angkor Park;
Design of the House construction handbook in the Angkor Park,
Major involvement in devising the guidelines pursuant to the management of the
Angkor Park’s intangible heritage;
Engaging in the research on Angkorean royal roads, on archeometallurgy and rock
art.
XIV. Department of technical support and cross-sectoral projects
Established in 2008, it is made up of three Units:
-
The Road and Bridge Unit;
The cross-sectoral projects Unit;
The GIS and Data Unit.
XIV.1. Roads and Bridges Unit
XIV.1.1. Project studies:
-
Study and design of the development of a road from the APSARA National Authority
office to Phnom Bok and of roads to be constructed in 2015.
Studies and design of community projects in Bakong, Angkor Thom, Puork and Siem
Reap Town.
XIV.1.2. Monitoring and control
-
Of the construction and repair works carried out by the Cam Tan Ship Co.Ltd. Company.
XIV.2. The Cross-sectoral projects Unit
-
Engaging with the implementation of the restoration projects of temples and the design of the Risk Map.
XIV.3. The GIS and Data Unit
-
Monitoring of the 3D pictures taken at Angkor Wat;
Control of the on-line installation works and of the sound and image system of the
APSARA National Authority Conference Hall.
XV. Department of Conservation of Monuments Outside the Angkor Park
XV.1. Conservation and archaeology
XV.1.1. Koh Ker Complex
The following works have been carried on different monuments of the site:
-
Statues
 In cooperation with the Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts, seven fragments of pedestals have been sent to the National Museum in Phnom Penh.
 Excavations were carried out at Prasat Chen’s eastern gate with a view to finding
the missing pedestals of the Rama and Hanuman statues. Three stone pedestals have
been found and a wooden shelter built to protect them.
 Damaged wooden stairs have been removed at Prasat Thom;
 The vegetation growing on the walls of Prasat Thom has been cleared.
-
Miscellaneous activities
 Installation of three solar panels to produce electricity for the temple guard housing
at Prasat Thom, Trapeang Khna and Pram.
 Fighting illegal activities: i) Fourteen interventions to stop illegal deforestation activities in the protected zone of Koh Ker and ii) seizure of an electric saw and tools at
circa 200 metres to the west of Trapeang Trach.
XV.1.2. Beng Mealea temple
-
Conservation:
 Excavations were undertaken at Beng Mealea to preserve sandstone artefacts later
sent to the Preah Norodom Sihanouk-Angkor Museum
 A survey of the condition of the stones was carried out prior to installing the new
platform of the new itinerary tour and to complete the Risk Map.
 The locations where the sandstone needs to be extracted at Thmor Dap quarry have
been identified. These new blocks will be used for the restoration of the Bayon.
 The laterite blocks that were blocking the water run-off canal of the Ta Ong Old
Bridge have been removed.
-
Site maintenance:
 The Kham Someth Company has built dirt roads over 950 metres, at 2 metres’
width, around the temple.
 An ancient wooden bridge inside the temple has been dismantled and replaced by a
new wooden bridge of 60 metres in length.
 The roof of the resting area has been changed. It used to be in thatch and is now
covered with tiles.
 Channels have been dug on the outer side of Beng Mealea Temple for better water
run-off towards the north of the site;
 Trees felled by strong winds were removed and cut up.
XV.1.3. Kbal Spean
Maintenance has been implemented on site:
- Construction of four new water run- off systems and dredging of six canals.
- Care of the trees located at the top of the mountain: at the first rest area along the
river, along the pathway leading to the top of the hill, along the river behind the
stalls, near the guard dwelling and the car park.
- Waste collection and cutting of vegetation near the sculptures on the side of the hill,
at the linga sculptures, at the reclining Vishnu and near the waterfall.
XV.1.4. Chau Srei Vibol temple
-
Conservation:
 Detailed analysis of the complex structures and of the approach area remains with a
view to determining the protected zone.
 Props will be installed in locations presenting severe damage and on some spans of
the east, west and north walls and in the temple’s central area.
 A 50 metre-long canal has been dug to the west of the guard dwelling.
-
Vegetation care
 Plantation of 186 trees;
 Clearing the vegetation growing on the statues and on the terrace surrounding the
temple;
 Upkeep of the five hectares of forest, with the support of AEON;
 Waste collection
XV.1.5. Phnom Kulen
Conservation activities carried out in cooperation with ADF (Archaeology and Development Foundation):
-
A lion statue was sent from Kulen to the Preah Norodom Sihanouk-Angkor Museum.
Excavation of four archaeological trenches.
Four trenches dug on the citadel at the top of the Kulen.
Workers clean the temples on a weekly basis.
XV.1.6. Ancient bridges along national road 6:
-
The eleven ancient bridges located along the NR6 from Roluos to Kampong Kdei
are cleaned every month.
Repair and installation of two new informative panels at Preah Toeus Bridge.
XV.2. Other activities
-
-
In cooperation with the Department of Culture and Fine Arts of Siem Reap province,
an illegal backfill was banned at Trapeang Kvak, Srei Nom district, Siem Reap province.
The pedestal of a yoni was handed over to the police to be stored at the Preah Norodom Sihanouk-Angkor Museum.
XV.3. Outcomes of specific projects
-
-
At O Pha Aung temple, the first phase works of consolidation of the structures are
completed.
Four bathrooms built for tourist use at Phnom Kulen.
Eight props installed at Srut, Sralao, Andong Kuk and Banteay Pirchan temples in Koh
Ker.
In cooperation with the Kham Someth Company, wooden stairs have been built on
the northwest corner of Prasat Thom so that tourists may enjoy the Koh Ker landscape.
Damaged areas at the temple of Phlang, Puork district, have been propped.
5,000 trees planted (three species, Beng, Yeang and Kok) at different sites, including
Phnom Kulen, Beng Mealea and Chau Srei Vibol.
XV.4. Issues
-
Cooperation between the APSARA National Authority and the local authorities with
regard to national heritage conservation activities is still limited.
Illegal deforestation activities occurred in the protected area of Koh Ker.
Arrival of new migrants settling in the protected zone has continued.
XVI. Community Work Group
-
The APSARA National Authority Community Work Group has been established following decision N° 37 SSR of the Council of Ministries, dated 23rd of May 2013.
-
-
The Committee in charge of community works includes seven members: One director,
two deputy directors, three members and a standing deputy director. This Committee
is assisted by five groups of community workers overlooking five districts/towns of
the Angkor Park.
Presently, the Community Work Group has a standing office managed by the standing
deputy director and 5 standing members.
XVI.1. Completed works
The group is working harmoniously and meets regularly and has managed to successfully
carry out its duties since its inception.
XVI.1.1. Information campaign in the Angkor Park zones 1 and 2
-
First phase (17/02–30/04/2014)
The five groups have reached out to communities living in areas under the purview of
the APSARA National Authority. They informed them on roles and responsibilities and
recent works undertaken, whilst underlining the value of conservation and presentation works carried out by the APSARA National Authority. During this first phase,
information was disseminated to 35 villages, reaching 2,589 people.
-
Second phase (10–28/06/2014)
During this second phase, information was disseminated to 51 villages, reaching
3,945 people.
-
Third phase (27/10–05/12/2014)
During this third phase, information was disseminated to 25 villages, reaching 1,950
people.
During the three phases, a total of 111 villages or 4,444 people have been informed.
XVII.1.2. Meeting communities’ requests
During the three phases, the Community Work Groups in collaboration with the Department
of Public Order and Cooperation and local authorities answered the requests submitted by
communities. These ranged from house repairs to relocation of houses, construction of
bathrooms, henhouses, pigsties, barns, rice lofts, stalls, fences, etc. A total of 90 requests
were solved.
Other types of request were dealt with, including:
. 150,000 riel donated to each of the three families who were victims of a fire at Kok Chak
commune, Siem Reap town;
. 80,000 riel donated to backfill land in a pagoda at the Village of Daun Num, Meanchey
Commune, Prasat Bakong district. Donation of 20,000 riel to old people.
. A religious celebration was organised to collect 1,304,900 riel and US$72.
. A 50,000 riel donation was made to the people of Boss Thom, Ampil Commune on the
occasion of assistance given to villagers when uprooting young rice seedlings.
. The Preah Dak pagoda was donated 250,000 riel on the occasion of the planting of the
Preah Dak Sen Chey community forest;
. 110,000 riel was given to the family of a deceased person from the village of Thnaot
Chrum, Khum Daun Keo, Puork.
. 60,000 riel was given to the family of the village chief whose son passed away at the village of Daun Onn, Khum Daun Keo, Puork.
. 200,000 riel was donated to the Angmaol Serey Vong pagoda.
. The APSARA National Authority donated to the people of Bangkaong and Kirimonn villages
to install ducts.
. Donation of 3,500 young trees to be planted at the villages and community forests of the
Angkor Park.
The locals are better informed on the duties of the APSARA National Authority, although
their engagement remains limited. The local authorities showed a willingness to cooperate
with the APSARA National Authority, especially when inviting locals to attend the information sessions and by hosting meetings. Yet, some district authorities rarely took part in
the meetings.
XVI.2. Issues
-
The teams have to regularly reply to questions on the construction of new houses for
children leaving the family home.
People often mentioned unauthorised constructions built before and during the elections of the 5th mandate.
XVII. Inter-ministerial Commission on land issue resolution
In 2014, the Commission used all resources available to reach an agreement with the
population within the framework of construction of water run-off canals in order to prevent
potential floods in the monsoon. The Committee also focused on solving other, previous
years’ issues on other projects.
XVII.1. Flood management project
Following the positive outcomes of the Siem Reap River Management Project (2012-2013),
an improvement project of an ancient canal has been conceived in 2014 and implemented
within the framework of the APSARA National Authority water management strategy. This
canal flows through Leang Dai Commune, Angkor Thom, Kok Chak commune, Siem Reap
town up to Daun Keo village, Puork to end its course in Srok River (River which flows in the
Tonle Sap). This canal extends over 35 kilometres.
The work of the Commission is supported by an existing, proven scheme that has worked
when solving issues in the Angkor Thom district and Siem Reap town. Other members
from the authorities and specialised units of Daun Keo and Lvea communes, Puork district,
have joined with the Commission to implement the whole project. The Commission worked
in close relationship with the concerned authorities to jointly solve with the population the
impacts of the project and to gain its support, notably during the study phase, the start
and the implementation of the project. Up until the end of October, 328 project-impacted
families have been consulted, with 287 compensated. Discussions and further surveys have
continued for the other affected families.
The outcomes showed that the population is engaged in the presentation and conservation
work (here the improvement of an ancient canal) of monuments. It has a better understanding of the sustainable development issues that the improvement project touches
upon, as, once improved, the canal will provide water for farming, prevent flooding and
contribute to tourism development.
This year’s outcome also proves that success comes on the footsteps of the efforts rolled
out in previous years and that the Commission has put in all its resources to solve any conflicting issues. The locals have also a better understanding of and more respect for the law
on land.
XVII.2. Solving pending issues
XVII.2.1. Completion of the management project of the Siem Reap River
(2012-2013)
-
To financially compensate families which have been affected by the project.
- To continue negotiations with four families that are requesting higher compensation amounts than put forth by the State.
- To encourage eight families which houses stand on the ancient dike to leave this
land, which is State property.
- Three families, motivated by their endearment for heritage and the value of the
APSARA National Authority project, have donated 41,965 m2 of land and several
plantations to the APSARA National Authority without asking for any compensation.
The donation represents US$30,000. The Commission and the district and city authorities have agreed to ask the government to award and present honorary
medals to show their gratitude.
XVII.2.2. Construction of the bypass road (Korean ring road 2011-2012)
- Requests from 76 families asking the APSARA National Authority to install ducts in
the canal alongside their houses have been looked into. 33 locations have been
identified for these ducts in the commune of Leang Dai, Angkor Thom district,
and the works will be carried out.
- Final check on the construction of new houses replacing old houses still to be
dismantled.
. 129 new houses have been built and comply with the Model Khmer House recommended by the APSARA National Authority. The old houses have been
dismantled.
. Five new houses are being built, although the former houses are still standing.
. One new house is being built, although the old house is already fully dismantled.
. Eight new houses have been built without respecting the APSARA National Authority-recommended Model Khmer House and the old houses have already
been dismantled.
. Landlords still live in six old houses pending the start of the construction of the
new houses.
. Two old houses have been completely dismantled although works on the new
houses have yet to begin.
. One new house has been built to replace an old house but was subsequently
sold to Mr. Chourb Chhourn, as the seller acknowledged having secretly built
another house during election time. The Commission of control of the impacts
has yet to approve this new construction.
. The two petrol stations located along the bypass road existed long before the
start of the construction of the new road. The APSARA National Authority has
started dealing with this matter.
XVII.2.3. Construction project of the new 60 m Road leading to the APSARA
National Authority offices
-
Completion of the impact studies of the new 60 m road extending for 9,600 metres. Four plots of land had two titles; an out of court settlement was made.
Some locals are still protesting against the construction of the new road, although the decision has been made.
Differences regarding the construction of the road leading to the APSARA National Authority premises are almost settled. Only three families are still in
negotiations although the road is now completed.
XVII.2.4. Scout camp projects
On-going land negotiations regarding the location of the scout camp (21 hectares are
missing); surveys and compensations were settled late 2014.
XVII.2.5. Tourism and Cultural City Project
-
Due to insufficient financing, the study, survey and compensation project has
been shelved although solutions have been found for lands with two titles.
Updating the list of land where landlords have been compensated.
Files have been prepared to deal with 12 cases of land grabbing in order to ask
the squatters to abandon their premises.
Fight against additional cases of abuse and land grabbing belonging to the State.
XVII.2. Main issues
 The authorities are not fully committed in the fight against illegal constructions. Measures
taken against these illegal constructions are not applied smoothly.
 When the population refuses financial compensation, the transactions take a long time,
which consequently delays the process and the works related to the land registry management and the community works of the APSARA National Authority.
 The Commission’s operation was often hampered by complaints lodged which complicated
the negotiation process.
Kingdom of Cambodia
Nation Religion King
2014 Financial Report, Receipts and Disbursements
APSARA National Authority
In riel
I.
Receipts total
Account
II.
108,496,436,903.84
Account name
7307
Bypass Road Toll
7308
Miscellaneous receipts
7511
Public subsidies
78,960,000,000.00
7531
Preservation and development Funds
28,406,483,177.00
7532
Miscellaneous supports
299,380,234.00
7661
Exchange rate margins
364,226,592.84
385,275,000.00
81,071,900.00
Disbursements Total
Account
110,820,194,516.29
Account Name
6011
Maintenance and sanitation material
29,383,860.00
6012
Material for building and temples maintenance
14,291,500.00
6013
Material for maintenance of roads, bridges and sewages
41,530,200.00
6015
Petrol
6021
Stationary and publication
400,184,141.30
6022
Books and documentation
3,303,900.00
6023
IT and Photocopiers
6041
Uniforms
6042
Officers and workers uniforms
6051
Technical material and equipment
679,461,415.00
6052
Furniture
134,560,700.00
6053
Products used daily
388,265,880.00
6054
Transportation material and equipment
277,994,000.00
6055
Equipment mechanical spare parts
127,628,300.00
6061
Electricity
997,980,360.00
6062
Water
6081
Road signs
6111
Cleaning of the Angkor site and of the ANA offices
3,544,542,283.00
471,064,910.00
7,119,000.00
21,444,000.00
1,528,100.00
176,052,264.00
Financila Report 2014
4,727,213,765.00
6121
Transportation vehicles rental
6131
Office premises rental
56,658,000.00
6141
Staff training in Cambodia and abroad
16,826,700.00
6150
Maintenance and restoration of statues and temples
6151
Upkeep and management of the Angkor forest
6152
Maintenance, restoration and construction of buildings
10,174,509,464.00
6153
Maintenance, restoration and construction of roads, bridges
54,588,597,783.00
6154
Maintenance of the power grid
126,093,400.00
6155
Maintenance of the bypass road
951,136,900.00
6156
Maintenance and repair of transportation vehicles
887,271,175.00
6157
Maintenance and repair of technical tools, office and IT equip
6158
Material of the kiosks of the officers and workers
6159
Maintenance and repair of mechanical equipment
6171
Laboratory expenses
6172
Services expenses
6173
Miscellaneous rights expenses
6174
Compensation
6175
Data collection on built heritage in the Siem Reap/Angkor reg
6176
Research on Angkorian culture, ancient kiln and ceramic
6177
Community and farming developments in the Angkor region
6178
Rescue archaeology works
6179
Construction works of Khmer habitat
6181
Transportation of material and products
6212
Fees of contracted international consultants
6221
Hosting national guests
6222
Hosting international guests
121,691,370.00
6223
Meeting, seminar and conference
333,561,131.00
6224
Miscellaneous parties
144,824,800.00
6225
Purchase of souvenir gifts in Cambodia an abroad
6226
Domestic and foreign exhibitions
6227
Dissemination and information campaign to the public
6229
Sporting event
6231
Monthly purchase of newspaper and other documentation
6242
Country assignments
1,370,098,586.00
6252
Assignments abroad
65,044,777.20
6261
Postal expenses
122,315,500.00
1,039,721,428.00
157,270,728.00
85,096,105.00
132,743,590.00
34,794,300.00
1,000,000.00
16,832,500.00
9,748,200.00
3,191,558,756.19
9,760,000.00
426,000.00
794,203,839.00
44,529,500.00
451,000.00
5,580,000.00
1,044,108,228.00
57,565,100.00
4,436,600.00
10,552,500.00
319,095,230.50
18,988,400.00
2,520,000.00
2,175,400.00
6262
Telecommunication expenses
28,528,606.00
6263
Internet connection expenses
409,451,980.60
6271
Bank transfer fees
85,585,322.50
6282
Tourism infrastructure development
12,034,000.00
6286
Management of electric cars
59,529,200.00
6311
Fiscal stamp
6321
Imported goods duty tax
6421
Basic salary
6423
Compensation for working during bank holidays
6426
Relocation compensation
6431
Bonus to project manager appointment
77,000,000.00
6432
Financing the Night Entertainments Management Committee
31,815,000.00
6433
Driver uniforms
83,970,200.00
6435
Food and drink of site staff
160,464,800.00
6437
Food and drink of staff at the new ANA seat
918,961,900.00
6438
Transportation of staff to the new ANA seat
368,052,500.00
6439
Motorbikes repair
142,581,000.00
6441
Wages of temple workers
6445
Wages of cleaning staff
238,380,000.00
6446
Wages of temple conservation, forest and tourism officers
675,165,090.00
6452
Pregnancy support
1,400,000.00
6453
Death support
7,964,000.00
6454
Retirement support
4,500,000.00
6455
Support to resigning staff
1,266,000.00
6455
Support to staff victim of accident
6514
Support to Heritage Police
166,236,000.00
6515
Support to Tourism Police
83,706,000.00
6516
Support to office guards
102,961,000.00
6517
Miscellaneous support and gifts
281,674,570.00
6518
Support to staff of Public Order Department and to firemen
991,577,900.00
6519
Emergency support in the Angkor Park
6568
Support to international organisations
6661
Exchange rate loss
2,905,000.00
59,813,000.00
12,488,881,400.00
1,292,937,160.00
2,986,000.00
3,597,434,290.00
400,000.00
7,350,000.00
447,367,495.00
1,979,533.00
Deficit
(2,323,757,612.45)
NB : 1. non-capital outlay of 110,820,194,516.29 riel is divided as follows:
Fund for the preservation and development of Angkor
35,309,551,358.00
Miscellaneous support
191,956,443.00
Public subsidies
75,318,686,715.29
2. Disbursement of public funds of 110,820,194,516.29 riel is divided as follows for real-estate:
2014 real-estate account
34,370,884,685.19
Account
Name of Account
2113
Cultural City land
1,232,622,864.94
2125
Miscellaneous working site lands
1,405,700,141.25
2131
Constructions-buildings
1,615,573,218.00
2141
Roads
2148
Hydraulic networks construction
201,454,546.00
2181
Transportation materials and tools
277,994,000.00
2182
Office materials and stationary
404,108,800.00
2183
IT and telecommunication materials
240,441,515.00
2184
Movable
134,434,700.00
2185
Electric equipments
2186
Mechanical tools and daily use products
28,725,000,000.00
19,746,100.00
113,808,800.00
Siem Reap on 10th of March, 2015
report drafted by
Read and approved by
Department of Finance and Bookkeeping
Director
Chong Sunleng
Read and approved by
Director General

21st Plenary Session

Transcription

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