An Introduction to Welcoming Schools

Transcription

Human Rights Campaign Foundation
1640 Rhode Island Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036
phone 202/628-4160 TTY 202/216-1572 fax 866/304-3257
website www.welcomingschools.org e-mail welcomingschools@hrc.org
© 2009 by the Human Rights Campaign Foundation. The HRC Foundation grants permission for
the reproduction and redistribution of this publication only when reproduced in its entirety and
distributed free of charge. The Human Rights Campaign name and the Equality logo are
trademarks of the Human Rights Campaign.
ISBN 10: 1-934765-09-0
ISBN 13: 978-1-934765-09-8
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Letter of Introduction .................................................................................................................. 5
An Introduction to Welcoming Schools....................................................................................... 7
Why Welcoming Schools? ............................................................................................................. 9
The Welcoming Schools Guide ................................................................................................... 9
Creating Welcoming Schools: Getting Started .......................................................................... 11
Why Discuss Family Diversity, Teasing, Name-Calling and Gender? ................................... 14
Responding to Concerns about Being LGBT-Inclusive ........................................................... 16
Welcoming Schools: Minneapolis Star Tribune Editorial......................................................... 20
Inclusive Schools and Communities: Relevant Research ......................................................... 21
Using the Welcoming Schools Guide in the Era of No Child Left Behind .............................. 23
Creating A Caring School Community ..................................................................................... 25
School Climate Assessment ...................................................................................................... 25
Your Role as a School Administrator ....................................................................................... 31
Your Role as an Educator ......................................................................................................... 33
Working with School Boards .................................................................................................... 35
Your Role as a Librarian ........................................................................................................... 38
Your Role as a Parent or Caring Adult ..................................................................................... 40
Your Role as an LGBT Parent or Caring Adult........................................................................ 42
Family Education and Community Building for Your School ................................................. 44
Connecting with Colleagues – Learning Together.................................................................. 46
Connecting with Colleagues – Learning Together ................................................................... 46
Ice Breaker: Sharing Challenges in Discussing LGBT Topics................................................. 48
Skills-Building Exercise: Responding to Questions about LGBT Topics ................................ 49
Responses to Questions about LGBT Topics ........................................................................... 51
What Does ‗Gay‘ Mean? .......................................................................................................... 54
What Do You Say to ‗That‘s So Gay‘? .................................................................................... 55
Gender and Children: A Place to Begin for Educators ............................................................. 56
A Note on Mother‘s and Father‘s Days .................................................................................... 58
Resources ..................................................................................................................................... 60
Supportive Resolutions ............................................................................................................. 60
Laws & Policies That Support Welcoming Schools .................................................................. 62
Talking with the Media ............................................................................................................. 64
Bibliographies.............................................................................................................................. 67
Using LGBT-Inclusive Children‘s Books and Books about Gender Roles .............................. 67
Our Favorites: Books for Students Inclusive of LGBT Family Members and Characters ....... 70
Books for Children Highlighting All Kinds of Families .......................................................... 71
Our Favorites: Books on Families, Name-calling and Gender ................................................. 74
A Bibliography for Educators and Parents/Guardians .............................................................. 76
Appendices ................................................................................................................................... 78
Additional Resources Available from Welcoming Schools ...................................................... 78
Welcoming Schools Pilot and Evaluation Results..................................................................... 81
Did You Know? ........................................................................................................................ 85
Authors and Editors .................................................................................................................. 86
About the HRC Foundation Family Project.............................................................................. 86
Welcoming Schools National Advisory Board .......................................................................... 87
Acknowledgments..................................................................................................................... 88
End Notes .................................................................................................................................. 90
LETTER OF INTRODUCTION
T
he headline in the New Bedford
Standard-Times on Feb. 2, 2006,
was only the beginning: ―New
Bedford Gay Bar Attack Wounds 3.‖ The
evening before, an 18-year-old man walked
into a local lounge and, after confirming that
it was a gay bar, began striking patrons with
a hatchet and firing a gun, leaving three
wounded.
At that time, I was the
assistant superintendent
for special services in the
public school system for
New Bedford, Mass.
Several weeks after the
incident, I attended a
public forum on
homophobia, hate speech
and violence, and heard
speaker after speaker tell
moving stories about
growing up ―different‖
from others in our community. Many
mentioned having experienced name-calling,
bullying, threats and physical violence.
The common theme in all of their stories
was that schools were not welcoming places
for them.
The forum was a personal wake-up call for
me because I had never known about the
pain and feelings of isolation experienced by
lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender
students. As an educator, I knew that
our school system had an
obligation to ensure that students
were prepared to acknowledge
and respect the diverse world in
which they lived.
An anti-bullying program would not be
enough. The young man who entered the
local lounge — a former student in our
school system — did not ask if he had
walked into a sports bar or an Internet bar,
he asked if it was a gay bar. I knew that to
keep students safe in school, the program
would have to address all aspects of
difference by
acknowledging all
types of student and
family diversity.
The forum inspired
the genesis of a youth
and schools
subcommittee to
continue working on
these issues. I
volunteered to
represent the public
schools because I felt
strongly that we had
an obligation to take well-planned steps to
ensure that all students would be safe in our
schools. The subcommittee met monthly, set
goals and searched for school intervention
programs that would address bullying,
name-calling, gender stereotyping and
violence — for all students, but with specific
attention paid to LGBT students and LGBTheaded families.
After several months of trial and error in our
search, Kim Westheimer, a senior consultant
for the Human Rights Campaign
Foundation‘s Welcoming Schools program,
came to one of our meetings and explained
to us the core elements of the new initiative.
The anti-bullying program specifically
mentioned gay and lesbian parents when
addressing aspects of family diversity. The
program acknowledged single-parent
families, foster families and children being
raised by grandparents. We saw that the
program was a perfect fit for our district,
and three New Bedford principals
volunteered their elementary schools for the
pilot program.
The schools joined sites in urban centers in
the Midwest and on the West Coast to
implement the pilot. Since May 2007, each
school has formed a task force of parents
and staff to inform the careful
implementation of the program. The
program has evolved as a meaningful
attempt to make sure that, from the earliest
ages, all students feel welcomed in school.
To expect that students will know how to
handle issues related to teasing, gender
stereotyping and bullying without specific,
well-informed instruction is folly.
full range of student and family diversity at
their schools. The Welcoming Schools
Program and its Guide specifically address
all aspects of student and family diversity.
All benefit when students see that their
families are acknowledged and respected
within the school environment. It is only
when some students and families are left out
that problems develop and marginalization
occurs.
As a former assistant superintendent, I
strongly recommend, from the earliest grade
levels, the Welcoming Schools program and
Guide as an effective intervention to
establish and maintain a safe school
environment for each student. The New
Bedford Public Schools needed to take more
specific steps to keep all students safe, and
Welcoming Schools provided the way.
Sincerely,
Welcoming Schools has made great inroads
in the entire New Bedford public school
system, not just the three elementary school
pilot sites. Because of open discussions at
district administrative meetings, other
principals are better prepared to address the
Lawrence J. Finnerty, Ed.D.
Retired Assistant Superintendent
New Bedford Public Schools
AN INTRODUCTION TO WELCOMING SCHOOLS
In the last decade we have seen a tremendous increase in the number
of children adopted or born into families headed by lesbian, gay,
bisexual or transgender (LGBT) parents. At the same time, the 2000
census also reflects that just 25 percent of children in the U.S. are
being raised in households headed by a married, heterosexual couple.
Given the landscape of diverse family structures, it is deeply
important that all children attend schools in which they learn to
appreciate and respect human differences, and see their own families
reflected in the tapestry of the diverse school community.
Welcoming Schools is an innovative program for administrators, educators, and parents/guardians who want
to strengthen their schools‘ approach to family diversity, gender stereotyping and bullying, and help prepare
this and future generations of children to live in an increasingly diverse society. And it is one of few
resources available to elementary schools that is inclusive of LGBT families and individuals.
The cornerstone of this program, the Welcoming Schools Guide, is based on research that shows links
between academic achievement, emotional well-being and an inclusive school climate. Welcoming Schools is
currently being evaluated in 13 schools in three different states. We are encouraged by the findings from the
first year of this pilot (summarized in the Appendix) and by the high level of interest among educators,
administrators and parents/guardians from across the country.
An Introduction to Welcoming Schools is a primer for any member of a school community who wants to
learn more about the core elements of Welcoming Schools, prepare their school for implementation of the full
program, or to create opportunities to have productive conversations about fully inclusive schools. The four
sections of this Introduction – Why Welcoming Schools?, Creating Caring School Community, Connecting
with Colleagues – Learning Together, Resources and Bibliographies – are described on the next page. In
addition to reviewing the materials in this publication, I encourage you to also take advantage of our
expanded online resources at www.welcomingschools.org – some of these resources are also linked to within
this Introduction. These links have the text ―[PDF]‖ next to them.
We are honored to present An Introduction to Welcoming Schools to your school community, and eager to
support your efforts to ensure that your school community reflects the reality of our changing world by
embracing and affirming all children and all families.
Sincerely,
Ellen Kahn
Director, HRC Family Project
An Introduction to W elc o ming Schoo ls
www.w elcomin g schoo ls .org
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WHY WELCOMING SCHOOLS?
An overview of the Welcoming Schools Guide and why welcoming schools are important for all
students; where to begin when working toward a welcoming school environment; how to respond to
concerns that arise when including LGBT-headed families and anti-gay name-calling in curricula,
relevant research on inclusive, welcoming school communities; and connecting Welcoming Schools to
curriculum standards of national education associations.
CREATING CARING SCHOOL COMMUNITY
Begin by assessing where you are now. This section includes a short school climate assessment that can
help you determine what the first steps should be. It also includes many suggestions of steps you can
take based on your particular role in the school community.
CONNECTING WITH COLLEAGUES — LEARNING TOGETHER — TEACHABLE MOMENTS
Training is a necessary first step to building a more welcoming school. This section includes sample
training for the beginning of this process as well as one-page handouts to help you answer students when
they ask, ―What does gay mean?‖ or how to respond when you hear students using gay slurs.
RESOURCES
These resources support you in your effort to create a more welcoming school. Review supportive laws,
how Welcoming Schools lessons help students meet learning standards and resolutions from national
educational associations that support this work, and advice for speaking to the media.
BIBLIOGRAPHIES
These will help you build your collection of diverse books inclusive of all kinds of families, books to
help students handle bullying and hurtful teasing, and books that help kids discuss gender roles. Also
included here is a list for adults interested in learning more about the LGBT community.
APPENDIX
An overview of all the resources available from Welcoming Schools, a summary of the evaluation of the
program in its first year, information about the authors and HRC Family project and acknowledgements
from the Welcoming Schools team.
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THE WELCOMING SCHOOLS GUIDE
The Welcoming Schools Guide is a comprehensive
resource that facilitates the creation of fully
inclusive, respectful and supportive elementary
school environments for all students and their
families. Welcoming Schools is ideally
implemented as a program with a clear starting
point and the long-term goal of sustainable
institutional change that occurs when all members
of the school community — from the principal to
the parents, the playground monitors to the school
counselor, the classroom teachers to bus drivers
— have a shared commitment to the principles
and practices identified in Welcoming Schools,
and act every day to uphold them.
Creation of the Welcoming Schools Guide was
initiated by a group of educators and parents
seeking to meet the needs of students whose
families are often not reflected in school curricula.
A broad range of educators and parents reviewed
the guide extensively during its development, and
provided other models of ―welcoming schools‖
practices that exist in theirs and other schools. The
result of this extensive writing process yielded one
of the few resources for elementary schools that
addresses the problems of anti-gay slurs and is
inclusive of LGBT-headed families.
The guide is inclusive of all kinds of families and
addresses multiple forms of bias-based bullying,
especially in the lesson plans for students. At the
same time, the materials in the guide intended for
adults have an intentional emphasis on including
LGBT-headed families and children who don‘t
conform to gender norms, as well as addressing
anti-gay name-calling and bullying. Few resources
exist to help educators address these topics in
schools and this guide is a resource to help fill this
gap. The lives of children and families can only be
fully affirmed when the full diversity of the
members of our school communities are named
and included. Therefore, this guide includes
diversity related to race, religion, family structure,
socioeconomic status, national origin and physical
ability.
The Welcoming Schools Guide is based on
research that shows links among academic
achievement, social-emotional well-being and an
inclusive school climate.
OBJECTIVES OF THE WELCOMING
SCHOOLS GUIDE ARE TO HELP SCHOOLS:
Improve school climate so that all students
and families feel safe and welcome
Increase family involvement
Improve students‘ academic achievement
Teach respect and diversity that includes
LGBT topics in the context of the full
range of diversity in our schools
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THE WELCOMING SCHOOLS GUIDE
REFLECTS A COMMITMENT TO THESE
BASIC PREMISES:
both naming and understanding these biases.
Research shows significant associations
between students‘ perception of
teacher/school support and their academic
performance.
Elementary school students‘ families are
central to their understanding of who they
are.
PRINCIPLE CONTENT AREAS
All students should feel
OF WELCOMING SCHOOLS
that they and their
The Welcoming Schools Guide
WHAT MAKES A WELCOMING
families are included
focuses on three areas linked to
CLASSROOM?
and valued in their
academic learning, school climate
school community.
welcome means like you feel like
and family involvement:
Students learn more
you‘re loved
effectively when they
Family Diversity: The guide
welcome means like you don‘t
see themselves (and
outlines school- and communityfeel sad, you feel good at school
therefore, their
based strategies to welcome students
families) reflected in
from a variety of families, including
welcome means speaking to me,
the curriculum.
families headed by LGBT parents,
they‘re near me
Including a range of
single parents, foster parents,
family structures when
grandparents, etc.
welcome means ok to come here
families are discussed
welcome means it‘s like you can
Gender Stereotyping: Students
helps ensure that no
come
and
follow
who do not adhere to traditional
child feels either left
gender roles are often targeted for
out or singled out and
welcome means it‘s like you
harassment — even in early
that all children feel
come to me and all will be well
elementary school grades — and
welcome.
stereotypes can constrict children‘s
Pressure to conform to
welcome means like something
academic and social successes. The
gender roles can limit
to make them [new kids] happy
guide addresses ways in which
students‘ social and
welcome means if they speak a
children are pressured to conform to
academic development.
new language, come and speak
gender roles and stereotypes, and
Name-calling and
to them
strategies for change.
bullying have a
negative impact on the
welcome means they feel good
Name Calling: Hurtful teasing,
social and academic
and they don‘t want to be
name-calling and bullying affect
development of all
anywhere else
everyone: targets, perpetrators and
involved: targets,
bystanders. The guide takes a
- First grade students from a
perpetrators and
systemic approach to school change,
California pilot site
bystanders.
providing tools to engage all
Hurtful, bias-based
members of the school community
name-calling and
through parent involvement, faculty
bullying occur in
education and classroom strategies.
elementary schools, including words and
actions which are anti-gay. Effective
intervention requires
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CREATING WELCOMING SCHOOLS: GETTING STARTED
―Schools may hesitate for fear of creating
opposition, but parents found the
conversation [about Welcoming Schools]
with friends at school helpful to
implementation.‖
- Educator from a California pilot site
LAY THE GROUNDWORK
The importance of groundwork cannot be
overestimated when addressing family
diversity, gender stereotypes, name-calling
and bullying.
Consider what level of support there is
among the parent/guardian community, the
administration and the teachers.
o Do you need to hold events in your
school community on family
diversity or bullying and namecalling?
o Do you need to hold events in your
school community to build
community where everyone feels
welcome?
o Do you need to have more one-onone conversations with parents and
guardians? Teachers?
Administrators?
Talk with the school board/committee
about the importance of inclusive and
welcoming schools for all students‘
education.
FAMILY FORUM AT CALIFORNIA
PILOT SCHOOL
At a family forum at one of the California pilot
schools, 45 parents attended a pasta dinner. To
prepare kids for the family forum, the school made
a Family Diversity Tree. Each child made a leaf of
his/her family, and the leaf was placed on the tree
in the auditorium where the family forum was held.
For the main event of the evening, the principal
pre-selected several families to talk about their
family and ―how it is unique.‖
A multiracial family discussed the role culture
plays in their family, and how they made sure their
children were connected to the cultures of both
parents. They discussed their different religions and
ways that they expose children to both religions.
The next family was parented by two mothers.
Their daughter spoke about her feelings on having
two moms. She discussed how ―we are no different
than other families‖. The daughter in the last preselected family was in a wheelchair. Her mother,
who is single, shared how important her daughter is
to her. The daughter talked about how her mother
takes care of her and is ―the best mom‖.
Afterward, other children briefly discussed their
families. These students came from AfricanAmerican families, Indian families, Caucasian
families, religiously diverse families, and
grandparent-headed households. The overarching
themes from all the children were: ―my parents care
for me,‖ ―we have lots of fun together‖ and ―they
love me.‖
Creating a safe and welcoming school takes
many people, from administrators to educators
and staff to parents and guardians. The
following are keys to success in this important work:
Work with others. Find support in the school community.
As an educator, find support by talking with your colleagues, administrators and parents.
As a parent or guardian talk with other parents/guardians, with the PTO/PTA, with teachers and
administrators, and with the school board/committee.
Be willing to have lots of conversations!
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Work with an existing committee/organization in your school, or form one to develop ideas and plans
for your school community. A committee or task force in the school can help implement your ideas
and ensure follow-up.
Work with the administration to ensure support for taking steps to create a more welcoming school.
Develop an open, positive strategy for your school community.
Work collaboratively and make the process fit into your school‘s (or school district‘s) environment.
IDEAS FOR FIRST STEPS
Evening events recognizing and celebrating family diversity
o Help people to see, understand and value the diversity of families in the school and wider
community.
o Provide opportunities for parents/guardians to learn from each other. For example, when
parents/guardians or children talk about their diverse families at these events, it helps other
parents learn how to talk about diverse families with their own children.
o Make events fun. Serve food. Engage your community.
Forums on reducing hurtful teasing and name-calling
o Ensure that the ways in which children in your school are actually teased are addressed.
o Bias-based teasing and bullying is common in elementary schools. Look at bullying based on
race, anti-gay perceptions, gender, religion, class and body size.
Professional development on interrupting gender-based or anti-gay name-calling or bullying and
ways to respond to students‘ questions on LGBT-headed families
o Most educators have no experience talking about LGBT issues with students. Many questions
and fears typically arise.
o Practice and education builds confidence and vocabulary to ensure productive, professional
discussions.
Conversations with administrators about the importance to the students and/or your children of
having a safe and welcoming school
o Does the administration support the philosophy and/or policy of creating a welcoming
climate for all students?
o Does it support taking concrete steps to develop a respectful and safe school?
GATHER INFORMATION
Sharing real children‘s and families‘ stories from your school and community can be effective in
explaining why addressing hurtful name-calling and bullying is important.
Speak with colleagues, including guidance staff, about the experiences they have had in the school
related to anti-gay or gender-biased name-calling.
See if there are parental concerns about children being teased or put on the spot because of their
families‘ structure or children‘s characteristics.
WORK WITH THE SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION
Make sure you understand your administration and school system‘s position and readiness.
Research existing school, district and state policies. Determine if they back up your work for
welcoming schools or if you need to work for more inclusive policies or laws.
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Find ways that Welcoming Schools can be linked to the school‘s core values, mission statements,
policies and protocol. Help others — especially administrators — understand these connections.
Be aware of the many demands faced by your school. Consider ways that working to create a
welcoming school connects with your school or district‘s other priorities or initiatives.
PREPARE YOURSELF
Practice how you would answer students‘ questions
about family diversity, gender stereotypes and
bullying. Practice how you could intervene in antigay name-calling.
Be prepared to talk about the ways that it is
beneficial for students to learn about family
diversity, gender stereotypes and bullying.
Be prepared to talk about how the lessons in
Welcoming Schools will help students develop skills
to meet learning standards in language arts or social
studies.
Attend professional development training and
conferences regarding anti-bias frameworks in
education, including family diversity, gender
identity, LGBT topics in education and bullying.
Invite colleagues and community members to attend
these events with you.
Connect with local or regional resources to help you
with your work.
CLEAR COMMUNICATIONS
―When Chery LaVergne and Jen
Johnson moved to central Minnesota,
they had doubts about sending their
granddaughter to the local, rural public
schools. But community members
encouraged them to give it a try and they
have found great success. They
encouraged Savannah to talk openly
with her classmates and teachers about
her unique and loving family.
Before the school year began, LaVergne
met with the teacher privately and made
sure that the adult relationships focused
on in school were not just traditional
families. She wanted to make sure that
the teacher knew that the most important
thing was that her child came from a
loving and supportive family.
Savannah has had a positive experience
and is thriving in school.‖
-
Rainbow Families Newsletter,
Fall 2006.
Plan how you will communicate with
parents/guardians about lessons or discussions that
arise regarding family diversity.
Help families have more informed conversations at home.
Help people understand that when you are talking with elementary school students about lesbian and
gay people, you are talking about families, name-calling, discrimination and current events.
Listen carefully to the questions, doubts and fears of the people within the school or the larger
community. They may question why it is important to address these topics in schools. Look for
opportunities to foster dialogue in respectful and inclusive ways.
Change is a process that takes time and commitment. Be prepared for some setbacks and be creative
about ways to move forward.
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WHY DISCUSS FAMILY DIVERSITY, TEASING, NAME-CALLING
AND GENDER?
―Imagine how different things could be if [students] were to discover early on that just because
somebody's home life is different from theirs doesn't make him or her a bad person. That, quite the
opposite, heck, they're just a kid like me.‖
- From an op-ed in a local paper regarding the implementation of Welcoming Schools at a
Massachusetts pilot site.
FAMILIES ARE IMPORTANT TO ALL CHILDREN.
Families are children‘s first place from which they view their world. Children in elementary school
strongly identify with their families. They need to know that their families matter. Students perform
better academically and socially when there is a positive
relationship between families and schools.1
Families are often discussed as part of the curriculum in
elementary school. It is important for students from every
kind of family to see their lives reflected in the classroom
or the school.
SCHOOLS SHOULD BE PLACES WHERE ALL
CHILDREN FEEL SAFE AND SECURE.
In the 28 random shootings in U.S.
schools between 1982 and 2001, nearly
all the boys who committed the violence
had stories of being constantly bullied,
teased and ―gay-baited‖ — not because
they were gay, but because they were
different from the other boys: shy,
artistic, theatrical, musical, non-athletic
or ―geekish.‖
Schools should be places where children can learn and
Michael S. Kimmel & Matthew
thrive without fear of hurtful teasing and name-calling of
Mahler, ―Adolescent Masculinity,
any kind. To help all children feel safe and welcome,
Homophobia and Violence:
schools must pro-actively address all name-calling and
Random School Shootings,
1982-2001
hurtful teasing. Anti-gay and gender-based teasing begins
in elementary school and can become pervasive at this age.
It is important to think about the impact on children who
are targets of this teasing and the feelings of the perpetrators and bystanders. All are harmed when
schools are not keeping everyone safe.
IT IS IMPORTANT TO DISPEL HARMFUL STEREOTYPES AND PREJUDICES.
Learning in the context of the classroom what a word such as ―gay‖ means clarifies students‘
understanding. Instead of only hearing these words on the playground as put-downs, children can ask
questions and get information to help dispel stereotypes that can lead to insults and physical harassment.
GENDER-EXPANSIVE MESSAGES EMPOWER CHILDREN RATHER THAN LIMIT THEM.
Develop messages that help all children achieve, whether it is academically, athletically, artistically or
socially. Instead of messages that communicate ―Boys don‘t…, Girls don‘t…,‖ messages should be
―Boys can…, Girls can…, Children can…”
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WELCOMING SCHOOLS PROVIDE STUDENTS WITH
THE OPPORTUNITY TO LEARN AND SUCCEED.
Students who experience acceptance at school are more
highly motivated, engaged in learning and committed to
school.2 Also, students in schools with a greater sense of
community are more academically motivated and have
higher educational aspirations.3 They are also more
likely to develop social and emotional competencies and
enjoy school more.4
―The [Welcoming Schools] lessons
on when teasing becomes bullying
and the differences between allies and
bystanders have been particularly
helpful this year in dealing with
sexualized play being instigated by a
5th-grade boy to the discomfort of
some 4th- and 5th-grade girls. The
lessons gave my staff a place to begin
the conversations about boundaries,
advocacy and self respect.‖
-
Principal from a California
pilot site
―I totally agree with all the three
categories [family diversity, gender
stereotyping and bullying] of
Welcoming Schools.. . .Coming from
a multi-racial family. . .I think it‘s
really important to expose the kids to
these things because they don‘t
always know how to react.‖
-
Parent from Massachusetts
pilot site
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RESPONDING TO CONCERNS ABOUT BEING LGBT-INCLUSIVE
―We have a number of [same-sex parents] in this
school and I think it isn‘t talked about. I can recall
another school where I had a little boy in
kindergarten who talked about having two fathers.
I could tell he was really uncomfortable. He
started to say he had two dads, and then he
stopped [after a peer‘s reaction] and he didn‘t
know how to deal with it and honestly, I didn‘t
know how to deal with it either.‖
- Minnesota pilot site educator
While conversations about race, ethnicity, class and
religion remain difficult for many people, our society generally shares the value of respect — or at least
tolerance — for people who are of a different religious, racial, cultural or ethnic background than our
own. We can largely agree that certain race-based or religious-based slurs are unacceptable, and we
expect educators to intervene when they see or hear name-calling or harassment based on characteristics
associated with these categories. We are, after all, America — the melting pot.
However, anti-gay attitudes or behavior are often tolerated, and many students still ―get away‖ with
using slurs or words that are very hurtful to LGBT people and their families. Because LGBT people and
topics are often not included in anti-bias work or conversations about diversity, it may be that educators
and parents/guardians in your school community have less knowledge of or comfort with these
conversations.
When you use materials from the Welcoming Schools Guide, issues, concerns and questions may arise in
conversations with parents, guardians, administrators or school boards. The topic, in general, may be
considered controversial, especially in the context of an elementary learning environment. This section
provides ideas on how to discuss concerns or questions that may arise related to being inclusive of
lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people.
It is always helpful to emphasize your values instead of dwelling on the fears. Move the conversation
from focusing on the myths and stereotypes about lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people and
families, to emphasizing what this work is really about – supporting all students. If conversations are
framed by myths and stereotypes, the resulting dialogue is more likely to linger on negativity and fear
rather than focusing on positive aspects of welcoming schools.
Listen carefully to the concerns that are expressed. This will help you find points of agreement. For
example, we all share values of family and respect. On the next page are some examples of specific
language that might be helpful.
P ag e | 16
WE ARE TALKING ABOUT FAMILY.
Families of all kinds are essential to students‘ well-being.
Educators are simply discussing family when they talk about
parents or guardians, whether they are LGBT, non-LGBT,
adoptive, kinship, single or married.
Roberto is talking about his family when he talks about
visiting his grandparents with his two moms and his
younger brother, just as Sasha is talking about her
family when she describes her vacation with her
mommy, daddy and sister.
Showing a book that has two dads cooking dinner for their child shows two parents caring for
their son.
Seeing a film with a diverse group of children talking about their own families shows many ways
that caring adults are raising children.
The resources in the Welcoming Schools Guide help students see love for children as the common thread
that runs through caring families.
See Additional Resources Available from Welcoming Schools for lesson plans on understanding and
respecting family diversity and Family Education and Community Building for Your School.
WE ARE TALKING ABOUT RESPECT.
In elementary school, the word ―gay‖ is used widely as a put-down; often to mean that something is
stupid. Many students use the phrase ―that‘s so gay‖ long before they know what the word ―gay‖ means.
Anti-gay or gender-related put-downs are among the most commonly heard slurs in school
environments.5 When educators address the use of the word ―gay,‖ they are not introducing either the
topic or the vocabulary.
When name-calling and put-downs are discussed, it is important for educators to directly address the
kinds of words that students are using. Words like gay, queer or sissy are words that hurt their
classmates and friends. In these discussions on name-calling it is respect that is being discussed.
See Additional Resources Available from Welcoming Schools for lesson plans on creating a respectful
school by addressing name-calling and bullying and What Do You Say to ―That‘s So Gay?‖
SCHOOLS STRIVE TO INCREASE UNDERSTANDING AND CONNECTIONS ACROSS
DIVERSITY OR DIFFERENCE.
Schools are places where many diverse people come together — many kinds of families, many races,
many ethnicities and many faiths. Students and communities are best served when their members learn
to get along with, understand and respect one another. Part of learning for students is to see and
appreciate the diversity that exists in their classroom, their school, and the wider community. While
there are differences, people also share much in common.
P ag e | 17
As our world and our interactions with people grow increasingly diverse, students benefit from
developing the skills to live and work with many different kinds of people.
CHILDREN WITH SAME-SEX PARENTS ARE A RACIALLY,
CULTURALLY AND GEOGRAPHICALLY DIVERSE GROUP.
Across America in suburban, rural and urban schools there are children
with same-sex parents, grandparents or guardians.
Households headed by same-sex couples are reported in
virtually every U.S. county according to the U.S. Census.6
In heavily rural states such as Mississippi, South Dakota and
Alaska, same-sex households are more likely to have children
than same-sex households in other states.7
In a look at U.S. Census data, approximately two thirds of samesex Hispanic couples are raising children.8
The California Census data shows that more than half of
African-American same-sex couples are raising children.9
IT IS IMPORTANT FOR ALL CHILDREN TO BE A PART OF
DISCUSSIONS OF FAMILIES, NAME-CALLING AND CURRENT EVENTS.
As our world becomes increasingly diverse, students will meet people — classmates, teammates, friends
— with many kinds of families. Some will have parents, grandparents, guardians or other relatives who
are lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender. It is inevitable that discussions will and already do come up
about what it means to be LGBT.
In today‘s environment, the words ―lesbian,‖ ―gay,‖ ―bisexual‖ or ―transgender‖ are visible in the
context of current events. Students hear them in the news and in other media and in all aspects of their
lives. It can only be expected that related questions will arise when they come to school and may take
place in conversations and questions in the classroom.
When students are not allowed to discuss LGBT-related topics, it heightens the mystery and potentially
divisiveness of the topic. All students benefit from discussions about family diversity, efforts to stop
put-downs and bullying and exploring questions about current events.
In many states there are specific regulations for parental notification when the school curriculum
addresses sexuality. However, when educators discuss family diversity, it is family — children‘s
families — that is being discussed. In the lessons on name-calling, educators are discussing
understanding and respect.
See Questions Students May Ask and Possible Responses About LGBT People [PDF] or Laws and
Policies that Support Welcoming Schools.
P ag e | 18
COMMUNICATION IS ESSENTIAL FOR BUILDING TRUST BETWEEN SCHOOL AND HOME.
It is important for parents/guardians to know what is going on in their child‘s classroom — whether it is
about academics, such as the math unit they are covering; discussion of different kinds of families; or
any kind of hurtful name-calling.
Some parents may feel more comfortable talking about their child‘s math lesson than talking about
families with two moms or dads or about what ―gay‖ or ―lesbian‖ means. Parents may not know how to
approach the topic with children. They may feel caught off-guard when a child asks about it. Knowing
how these conversations happen at school can be helpful.
Schools have successfully held evening forums that discuss families or that talk about how to handle
hurtful teasing and bullying. Information for and communication with families is essential to building
trust between school and home.
See Family Education and Community Building for Your School or ―What Does Gay Mean?‖
FAMILY RESPECT INCLUDES RESPECT FOR RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.
Public schools include people with many different religious beliefs. The role of schools is not to get
everyone to agree but to foster a climate where there is respect for the diversity of beliefs and families
within a community. Respect is built by acknowledging the diversity in the community, promoting
opportunities for community dialogue and allowing the diversity of families to be visible within the
school. Most people can agree that it is appropriate for schools to teach kindness and mutual respect for
others‘ beliefs. Because many core values and beliefs are rooted in religious teachings, it is essential to
emphasize that we are not judging or endorsing any one set of beliefs or ideas about family,
relationships or behavior in ways that conflict with religious teachings. Rather, we are creating an
environment that prepares our children to live peacefully and respectfully in a theologically diverse
society.
See Welcoming Religious Resources [PDF].
SCHOOLS ARE A PLACE FOR INFORMED AND OPEN DISCUSSIONS.
Information and discussion will not make anyone gay or straight. As students grow older, some will
identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender. Most LGBT people grew up in households headed by
heterosexual parents. On the other hand, knowing or learning about LGBT people might make someone
less likely to insult or threaten someone he or she thinks is LGBT. Or, it might help someone be an ally
to a friend who is being ostracized for having an LGBT parent.
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WELCOMING SCHOOLS: MINNEAPOLIS STAR TRIBUNE EDITORIAL
In one of the Minnesota pilot schools, a small group of parents vocally objected to the participation of the school in the
Welcoming Schools pilot. The school administration and others involved in the pilot reiterated that Welcoming Schools is about
all students and families. The outpouring of support for the project far exceeded resistance and an editorial in the local paper
expressed its support for Welcoming Schools:
EDITORIAL: EDUCATORS NEED HELP TO COMBAT BULLYING, MINNEAPOLIS STAR TRIBUNE
In a Minneapolis classroom, a fourth-grader says "That's so gay,'' which in turn intimidates and offends a child with two moms.
In the hallway, a third-grader shoulder-shoves another boy while using the other f-word.
Those types of exchanges occur regularly at Minneapolis elementary schools, educators say. So when children taunt, tease or
harass their peers with antigay epithets, what should teachers do? That's the dilemma Minneapolis school leaders seek to
address in considering the "Welcoming Schools'' guide, a lesson plan on diversity, bullying, gender-stereotyping and namecalling.
Despite its worthy goals, the proposed program has become controversial. Some parents believe it's inappropriate to discuss
sexual orientation in schools. Some say that programs such as "Welcoming Schools'' directly conflict with their views on family
structure. Understandably, these are sensitive issues. That's why the district would allow parents to opt out of the pilot program
now under consideration.
At the same time, teachers and administrators have a duty to provide a safe, harassment-free learning environment. Children
from all types of families attend our schools, and some parents expect educators to address even the most personal issues facing
families today. The views of those parents are just as legitimate as the concerns voiced by parents who oppose diversity
exercises in schools.
National research done by organizations including Mental Health America shows that bullying is a significant problem in
schools, and that antigay harassment is one of its most prevalent forms. Behavior that used to occur mostly in high schools is
increasingly seen in elementary and middle schools.
Harassed, bullied students are more likely to do poorly in class, miss school, drop out and consider suicide. And bullying that
begins in the early grades can escalate into violent assault and even murder. In fact, some of the perpetrators in U.S. school
shootings were victims of teasing or bullying. Those incidents prompted more than half of all states, including Minnesota, to
adopt anti-bullying statutes.
That's another reason teachers cannot simply ignore the behavior -- it's the law. Case in point: A district in Illinois recently paid
an eighth grader nearly $1 million to settle a lawsuit for failing to protect him against antigay bullying.
The "Welcoming Schools'' guide was created by Human Rights Campaign, a Washington-based gay, lesbian, bisexual and
transsexual advocacy group. Minneapolis is considering using it on a pilot basis in three elementary schools — Hale, Jefferson
and Park View — because staff members at schools around the district asked for help. The district uses other anti-bullying
programs, but none that specifically addresses gender stereotypes or antigay harassment.
On May 28, the Minneapolis public schools curriculum and instruction committee will consider next steps. They can accept or
reject the program, modify it or look for another teaching guide from another source.
Ideally they'll come up with a program that strikes a balance between the concerns of parents who object to having their
children involved in discussions about sexual orientation at school and those parents who believe such a program is overdue.
*Welcoming Schools editor‘s note: As in this editorial, people often frame any mention of gay or lesbian people as a discussion
of sexual orientation, but in the Guide we mention the words gay and lesbian in discussions of family, love or respect —
concepts that students can understand. We think it is important to emphasize that we are not talking about sexuality or sexual
orientation in the context of Welcoming Schools.
INCLUSIVE SCHOOLS AND COMMUNITIES: RELEVANT RESEARCH
ADDRESSING INCLUSION, RESPECT AND SAFETY
MAKES A DIFFERENCE
Schools that are characterized as safe encourage
students to talk openly about safety, treat students
with respect, help children feel safe expressing their
feelings and involve families in meaningful ways.10
Schools benefit when students are encouraged to
consider the power of bystanders when bullying
occurs. In one study, when bystanders intervened,
they were able to stop the bullying two out of three
times.11
Students who are bullied at school are more than
twice as likely to report a suicide attempt than
students who are not bullied.12
Students who are exposed to racially diverse and
integrated settings are less likely to harbor
stereotypes as they grow older.13
Lesbian, gay and bisexual students who attend
racially diverse high schools report feeling safer than
did those who attend more homogeneous schools.14
According to the U.S. Department of Education, a
major source of conflict in schools stems from
perceived or actual bias and unfair treatment of
students because of ethnicity, gender, race, social
class, religion, disability, nationality, sexual
orientation, and physical appearance. These biases
may be expressed or perceived by staff and/or
students.15
Both children who are targeted and children who
exhibit bullying behavior have lower academic
achievement in school.16
―Dear Mom:
Bobby hit me on the bus. I didn‘t do
anything. What he did was put his
earphones on my ear, and then I moved
it away and he said, ―Don‘t hit me, you
little fagite [sic].‖ Then he hit me real
hard. I wanted to cry. Then he said, ―I‘ll
hit you so hard you will want to cry
forever.‖ Why does everyone pick on
me? Why? I think I am ugly like people
say. I don‘t think I look nice at all. Bye,
Bye Jamal.‖
-
A letter written when Jamal
was in 3rd grade.
―I have been called gay, faggot and a
girl most of my life … I have reached out
for help so many times it‘s unbelievable.
Nothing much has happened except a
phone call home. I am still being teased
and embarrassed in front of people and
also my friends … I have been putting up
with this since elementary school. And
let me tell you this — the longer you let
this continue, the worse it will get. And it
will be twice as hard to deal with.‖
-
Jamal, in a letter written to his
7th-grade teachers.
DIVERSE FAMILIES ARE IN ALL SCHOOLS
More than 2.4 million fathers are the primary caregivers for their children. 17
6.5 million children live with grandparents.18
Almost 3 million children identify as being of more than one race.19
More than 1.5 million children are adopted.20
17 percent of all children live in a blended family.21
Children who are raised with same-sex parents come from diverse households.
o More than half of the African-American same-sex couples in California are raising children.22
P ag e | 21
o Hispanic same-sex couples are more than two to three times as likely to be raising children as
white non-Hispanic same-sex couples.23
o In nearly every U.S. county, there are gay- and lesbian-headed households, according to the
U.S. census.24 In heavily rural states, such as Mississippi, South Dakota and Alaska,
households headed by same-sex couples are more likely to have children than same-sex
households in other states.25
ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IS LINKED TO ACCEPTANCE OF SELF AND OTHERS
Students who develop social skills at an early age show greater levels of academic achievement.26
Students who feel they are more supported in school and at home generally have higher achievement
levels.27
―A 5th-grader had been having horrible
Students who experience acceptance at school are more
tantrums at school and getting suspended
highly motivated, engaged in learning and committed to
frequently. He would fly off in a rage and
school.28
pull down bulletin boards, kick over
In schools with a greater sense of community, students
garbage cans, and so on. After doing the
have higher educational aspirations and are more
lessons on family diversity and gender
identity, he came out to his teacher and to
academically motivated.29
the principal. His behavior calmed down
Students who are victimized at school and children who
and he had very few behavioral referrals for
exhibit bullying behavior have lower academic
the rest of the year. When the principal
achievement.30
asked him why he was no longer having
Among students in grades K-5, the subtle activation of
behavior problems he said, ‗I'm not angry
negative stereotypes hurt performance on quantitative
anymore. My secret is out.‘‖
tasks, while the subtle activation of positive stereotypes
- Principal from a California pilot
improved the students‘ performance.31
site.
Research has shown that children of same-sex couples do
just as well on a diverse array of assessments, including personal, family and school adjustments, as
children living with heterosexual parents.32
ANTI-GAY NAME-CALLING AFFECTS ALL STUDENTS
In a nationwide survey, students said they feared anti-gay harassment more than any other kind of
name-calling.33
For every lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender student who reported being harassed, four straight
students said they were harassed for being perceived to be gay or lesbian.34
A study of middle-school students in central Illinois found that being called anti-gay names
significantly predicts higher levels of trauma for students regardless of sexual orientation. Such
name-calling may lead to anxiety, depression, personal distress and a lower sense of school
belonging.35
In the 28 random shootings in U.S. schools between 1982 and 2001, nearly all the boys who
committed the violence reported being constantly bullied, teased and ―gay-baited‖ — not because
they were gay, but because they were different from the other boys: shy, artistic, theatrical, musical,
non-athletic or ―geekish.‖36
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USING THE WELCOMING SCHOOLS GUIDE IN THE ERA OF NO CHILD
LEFT BEHIND
In my school, there is not much room to add new lesson plans. Are
there other strategies that teachers and schools can use to create a
more inclusive climate?
Yes. There are many ways to create welcoming schools. The Guide
includes simple activities that can be used to raise awareness in staff
meetings, instructions for running educational parents‘ nights, examples
of how to respond to name-calling, illustrations of teachable moments
and extensive relevant bibliographies and resources.
Can the lesson plans from the Welcoming Schools Guide be aligned
with Academic Standards?
Yes. Lesson plans in the guide have been aligned with language arts,
social studies, health, visual and performing arts, social emotional
learning and media studies. Classroom teachers helped create and edit
the guide with an eye toward having lesson plan be relevance to current standards.
Curriculum Standards & Welcoming Schools Lesson Plans [PDF]
What are some examples?
Examples of English language arts standards:
―Students read a wide range of print and non-print texts to build an understanding of texts, of
themselves, and of the cultures of the United States and the world; to acquire new information; to
respond to the needs and demands of society and the workplace; and for personal fulfillment.‖
―Students adjust their use of spoken, written, and visual language (e.g., conventions, style,
vocabulary) to communicate effectively with a variety of audiences and for different purposes.‖ 37
- National Standards for English Language Arts
Lesson plans that align to these standards include activities such as:
o writing letters to varied recipients such as a newspaper editor or an author;
o reading and discussing books that portray culturally diverse communities and family
structures; and
o rewriting and writing fairy tales.
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Examples of social studies standards:
―Social studies programs should include experiences that provide for the study of the ideals,
principles and practices of citizenship in a democratic republic. In the early grades, students are
introduced to civic ideals and practices through activities such as helping to set classroom
expectations, examining experiences in relation to ideals and determining how to balance the needs
of individuals and the group.‖
― . . . Young learners develop their personal identities in the context of families, peers, schools and
communities. Central to this development are the exploration, identification and analysis of how
individuals relate to others.‖
- National Council for Social Studies Curriculum Standards38
Lesson plans related to each of the three main themes of Welcoming Schools can be easily aligned
with these standards:
o Name-Calling and Bullying: Most of these lesson plans address relationships among
people. The lesson plans help students understand the consequences of name-calling,
being a bystander and being an ally.
o Gender Stereotyping: These lesson plans help students examine the communities in
which they live and examine the ideals of a community where all people can equally
participate.
o Family Diversity: These lesson plans help students see their own families and others in
the context their schools and their communities.
Do some states have curriculum standards directly related to school climate and anti-bias education?
Yes. In some states, these types of standards are seen as key to promoting student achievement and
success in the diverse world in which students will live and work.
The Illinois School Code states:
―…anti-bias education and intergroup conflict resolution are effective methods for preventing
violence and lessening tensions in the schools and that these methods are most effective when they
are respectful of individuals and their divergent viewpoints and religious beliefs, which are
protected by the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States.‖39
The Oregon Department of Education: Standards for Public Elementary and Secondary Schools
states that Oregon‘s K-12 schools should:
―. . . ensure that all Oregon students, regardless of linguistic background, culture, race, gender,
capability or geographic location, have access to a quality education in a safe, motivating
environment; …
―. . .develop in Oregon students the core ethical values that our diverse society shares and holds
important, including but not limited to, respect, responsibility, caring, trustworthiness, justice and
fairness and civic virtue and citizenship.‖ 40
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CREATING A CARING SCHOOL COMMUNITY
SCHOOL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT
This School Climate Assessment has been designed for both informal and formal school safety
assessments for K–5 educators and administrators. This tool is based on the main categories that were
measured in an evaluation of a multi-state pilot of
Welcoming Schools.
The evaluation looked at the following areas:
School policies and procedures
School climate
Attitudes of educators
Comfort level of educators
Teaching practices of educators
As an informal tool, an individual teacher may complete the
survey to better understand his or her own practices as well as school policies that contribute to the
school‘s diversity and safety. As a formal tool, the survey can help faculty and staff pinpoint any school
climate challenges and clarify areas that need additional attention. Areas of weakness can become the
basis for a school climate improvement plan. This assessment tool can be administered to the staff of an
entire school or to any subgroup, such as fourth-grade teachers or a curriculum committee. It is not
intended for use with students. To do a comprehensive school assessment, it is important to receive
feedback from school staff, administrators, students and parents/guardians.
POLICIES AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT
1. Our school has a core values or mission statement that includes respect for diversity and
multiculturalism.
Yes ___ No ___ Don‘t know ___
2. Our school has a written policy protecting students from harassment, violence and discrimination
with regard to:
Race/Ethnicity
Religion
Actual or Perceived Sexual Orientation
Physical Ability
Nationality
Perceived Gender Identity
3. Our school district has an anti-bullying policy that specifically identifies bias-based bullying.
4. Our forms that parent/guardians and students fill out are designed to reflect the diversity of
households, including parents of the same gender.
Look at the questions where you responded ―No.‖ Keep these in mind as you plan your next
steps.
o If you responded ―Don‘t Know,‖ it is time for some research to see what policies your
school and school district already have in place. Then you can identify what work needs
to be done.
o For more information see Laws and Policies that Support Welcoming Schools
SCHOOL-SPONSORED TRAININGS AND WORKSHOPS
1. In the last three years, our school has held workshops for educators inclusive of gender roles and
gender stereotypes.
2. In the last three years, our school has held trainings on welcoming all types of families, including
topics such as divorce, multiracial families, same-sex parents, grandparent-headed families, and
immigrant families.
3. In the last three years, our school has held trainings for staff that monitor lunch and recess on
bullying and name-calling that address bias-based harassment, including harassment related to a
person‘s real or perceived race, sexual orientation, learning status, size and language of origin.
4. In the past two years, our school has held workshops for parents/guardians on family diversity.
5. In the past two years, our school has held workshops for families on name-calling and bullying.
o Were the trainings effective? If not, consider further trainings as part of a comprehensive
school plan to create a more welcoming school. If trainings were effective, are there ways
to build upon them?
o Notice where you said ―No.‖ Include trainings on these topics as part of your overall
plans.
o See Connecting with Colleagues or Family Education and Community Building for Your
School.
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SCHOOL CLIMATE
1. In the last two weeks, have you heard students use words related to any of the following as slurs
at your school:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Gender (including word such as sissy and tomboy used negatively)
Race (including comments such as, ―I can‘t play with you because…‖)
Sexual Orientation (including phrases such as ―that‘s so gay‖ )
Size (including words like fatso, phrases like ―you can‘t do that because‖)
Academic Ability (including comments regarding special education)
Other:__________________________________________
Yes ____
Yes ____
Yes ____
Yes ____
Yes ____
No ____
No ____
No ____
No ____
No ____
o Spend some time reflecting upon the kinds of slurs you have heard and who or what
groups of people are being targeted. Have conversations with others to see if they have
similar or different perceptions.
2. In the last two weeks, have you seen students physically harass other students while using slurs
or put-downs related to the above?
Yes ____ No ____
3. If yes, have you interrupted this behavior?
Always ____ Sometimes ____ Rarely ____ Never ____
4. School staff intervene if racial slurs are used in student interactions.
Always ____ Sometimes ____ Never ____ Don‘t Know ____
5. School staff intervene if slurs related to special education are used in student interactions.
6. School staff intervene if gender slurs or gender-based name-calling are used in student
interactions.
7. School staff intervene if anti-gay slurs or anti-gay name-calling is used in student interactions.
o Notice where you responded ―Sometimes,‖ ―Never‖ or ―Don‘t Know.‖ Staff training is
recommended to ensure that all types of slurs and name-calling are stopped.
o If you are not confident in your ability or if you rarely or never interrupt negative
language or behavior, you may want to talk with school support staff or administration
about developing effective strategies.
o Alternatively, you may want to attend a workshop that addresses bias-related bullying
and name-calling that specifically includes handling LGBT- and gender-related putdowns.
P ag e | 27
o If you feel you successfully respond to negative language or behavior, are there ways in
which you can help others learn these skills?
o See What Do You Say to ―That‘s So Gay‖ or Connecting with Colleagues.
TEACHING PRACTICES AND RESOURCES
1. Our school‘s curriculum includes multicultural perspectives.
2. Our school library offers a range of multicultural books.
3. Our school library has books that show a diversity of families, including families with two moms
or two dads, immigrant parents, single parents, multiracial parents, etc.
4. The classrooms in our school have books that show a diversity of families, including families
with two moms or two dads, immigrant parents, single parents, multiracial parents etc.
5. If they‘re doing a lesson plan to enhance understanding of different kinds of families, educators
include diverse families — including some with two moms or two dads.
6. In a lesson plan on name-calling or bullying, educators include gender- or LGBT-related putdowns.
7. Educators in our school feel comfortable defining the words ―gay‖ or ―lesbian‖ to students.
In the classroom?
One on one?
o Notice where you responded ―Yes.‖ Have conversations with other educators about ways
in which school curriculum has become more reflective of the world in which we live.
o Notice where you responded ―No.‖ Keep these in mind as you plan your next steps.
o See Additional Resources Available from Welcoming Schools for lesson plans on Family
Diversity, Name-calling and Gender
o See the Annotated Bibliographies in Welcoming Schools
PERSONAL COMFORT LEVEL
1. If a parent or care-giver ―came out‖ to me I would feel…
very comfortable, comfortable, uncomfortable, very uncomfortable, I don‘t know
P ag e | 28
2. If I had to address students‘ stereotypic opinions of families of color I would feel...
3. If I had to work closely with lesbian or gay parents or care-givers, I would feel…
4. If I had to answer a student‘s question about why a mother would decide to have her child
adopted by another family, I would feel…
5. If I had to answer a student‘s questions about how someone can have two moms or two dads, I
would feel
6. If I had to answer a student‘s question about how a white parent can have a child who was not
white, I would feel…
o Notice what makes you more or less comfortable. Start conversations with colleagues or
find books or online resources that might help you increase your comfort level.
o See Connecting with Colleagues or Bibliography for Educators and Parents/Guardians.
SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY ATTITUDES
1. Obstacles to addressing family diversity or name-calling inclusive of LGBT families or
LGBT slurs with students by staff in our school are based on: (Check all that apply)
____ Fear of parental dissatisfaction
____ Educators lack resources
____ Students are too young
____ Religious objections
____ Lack of time in curriculum
____ Inappropriate to discuss outside of the home|
____ Educators lack training
____ Need time for basics (writing, reading, math)
____ Other ___________________
____ There are no objections
2. Obstacles to addressing gender roles and expression with students by staff in our school are
based on: (Check all that apply)
____ Fear of parental dissatisfaction
____ Educators lack resources
____ Students are too young
____ Religious objections
____ Lack of time in curriculum
____ Inappropriate to discuss outside of the home
____ Educators lack training
____ Need time for basics (writing, reading, math)
____ Other ___________________
____ There are no objections
P ag e | 29
3. People/institutions that might support addressing family diversity, gender-stereotyping, and
bullying include:
____ Educators
____ Members of civic organizations
____ Administrators
____ Religious organizations
____ Parents/Guardians
____ Others: __________________________
o Look at the categories that you have checked. As you plan next steps, think about how
you can work with supporters and address potential concerns.
o Think about holding school community forums or holding trainings.
o See Family Education and Community Building for Your School or Connecting with
Colleagues.
SELF-REFLECTION AND NEXT STEPS
Each section of this survey provides information that can be used to plan future staff development
workshops. Discussing the following topics can help inform the direction of a school climate
improvement plan by identifying the school‘s strengths and challenges:
The Three Things We Do Best…
The Three Things We Most Need to Work On…
Perceived Obstacles to Improvement…
The First Steps Toward Positive Change Are…and Who Will Complete Them…
In Order to Improve Our School Climate We Need the Following Help and Resources…
Once the assessment is complete and some strategies are identified, share the results with other
educators and administrators in your school if they have not already been involved in the process. The
school guidance counselor or social worker can be an especially effective ally in creating a safer school.
This assessment tool leads to identifying individual school strengths and areas that need further
development. The tool is only as effective as the follow-up strategies it generates. Its purpose is to
lead to action.
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YOUR ROLE AS A SCHOOL ADMINISTRATOR
―Our schools can, and should be, places where students are free to learn unencumbered by fear. It's their
right and our responsibility.‖
– From a Letter in Support of Welcoming Schools by the Superintendent of the Minnesota pilot site
PROVIDE STRONG LEADERSHIP THAT MODELS AND ENGENDERS RESPECT
Work to ensure that all students feel respected, seen and understood. Work with the school district
administration to be sure they understand the importance of creating safe, caring and respectful schools
for all children and families.
Create a school climate where teachers feel safe and supported when they use inclusive curriculum or
respond to teachable moments.
Explain how the acceptance of all children and their families is linked with academic success.
Foster active relationships between parents/guardians and your school. Promote education of the parent
community on respect, inclusion of all families, freedom of gender expression and the dangers of
harassment.
ESTABLISH EXPECTATIONS OF RESPECT THROUGH SCHOOL POLICIES
Include respect in core values and mission statements.
Work for explicitly inclusive school policies on harassment and discrimination. Establish and enforce
clear, consistent disciplinary guidelines.
Develop proactive strategies and policies for stopping harassment before it occurs and responding
appropriately when it does.
USE INCLUSIVE LANGUAGE THAT REFLECTS DIVERSE FAMILY STRUCTURES
Look at student forms, handbooks, school directories, and school/home communications to ensure
connections with all of your students‘ families.
RECOGNIZE CULTURAL CONTEXTS IN THE WAYS PEOPLE APPROACH FAMILY DIVERSITY &
GENDER
Ensure that trainings about family diversity, gender, and LGBT topics are inclusive of racial and ethnic
diversity. Lead with listening. Don‘t assume that someone‘s race, religion, age or socioeconomic status
predicts a person‘s views about gender or LGBT people.
IMPLEMENT SOCIAL-SKILL-BUILDING AND ANTI-BULLYING CURRICULA
Proactively develop students‘ skills to work together, learn from social issues, manage conflict and stand
up for themselves and each other.
ALLOT TIME AND RESOURCES FOR STAFF DEVELOPMENT
Work together on prevention of harassment, fostering emotional safety for all students and practicing
child-friendly language regarding diverse families. Ensure that bias-based teasing and name-calling are
specifically addressed. Make sure this training includes all personnel – teachers, support staff,
administrators.
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ENSURE THAT THE BOOKS AND CURRICULA USED IN THE SCHOOL REFLECT ALL THE
STUDENTS‘ LIVES IN YOUR SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY
Books and curricula provide an important mirror for students to see themselves and their families
reflected in the world around them. Books and curricula also provide a window into the lives of others
and expand students‘ personal experience. Provide positive role models for all children in your school.
SPEAK UP
Ensure that concern for saying the ―wrong‖ thing
doesn‘t keep you and others silent. Answer students‘
questions. Silence can communicate the message that it
is wrong or shameful to even say the words ―lesbian,‖
―gay,‖ ―bisexual‖ or ―transgender.‖ Interrupt hurtful
name-calling and the derogatory use of the word ―gay.‖
Remember, you are talking about individuals or a group
of people who are in your community — as parents,
aunts, uncles, cousins. They may not be visible, but you
are talking about people and families.
―I have learned in teaching about
racism that a sincere, though imperfect,
attempt to interrupt oppression of others
is usually better than no attempt at all.‖
-
Beverly Tatum in ―Why Are
All the Black Kids Sitting
Together in the Cafeteria?‖
―The principals [who piloted
Welcoming Schools] have gained trust
of their faculties. What you see is what
you get, they are on top of problems at
their schools. Their faculties recognize
them as instructional leaders. They‘re
not frightened to engage their parents
and to be leaders.‖
-
Assistant Superintendent in
Massachusetts Pilot Site.
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YOUR ROLE AS AN EDUCATOR
―Kids like to have discussions and be able to voice their
opinions to adults because this could clear up any
misconceptions children [may have].‖
– Educator from Massachusetts pilot site
LAY THE GROUNDWORK FOR WELCOMING SCHOOLS
Assess the level of support among your colleagues,
administration and parent/guardian community to create a
welcoming school inclusive of children with LGBT
parents/guardians. Consider the most logical first steps to
creating a more welcoming school.
Communicate with your administration to develop
support. Network with other teachers, staff or families in your
school or district. Collaborate with the PTO/PTA to develop educational forums on family
diversity and respect.
Review your school or school system‘s core values, mission statements and policies to support
inclusion and respect.
CLASSROOM CLIMATE – SETTING A POSITIVE, INCLUSIVE TONE FOR ALL
Choose activities that encourage students to discover what they have in common as well as what
is unique and special about each other.
Create and implement clear class agreements or rules with your students regarding respect,
caring for classmates and not hurting each other with words or actions.
Make the most of teachable moments to reinforce these guidelines and build social skills such as
listening, talking things out, conflict management, being an ally, developing friendships and the
ability to work with students who are different.
MIRRORS FOR THEIR LIVES, WINDOWS TO THE WORLD
Expose students to diverse positive role models in literature, in your school and in your
community. When inviting speakers or creating classroom displays, be inclusive of diverse
family structures, races, gender expressions, ethnicities and abilities. Feature women and men in
a wide range of occupations.
Display images that encourage diversity and respect and posters that remind students that words
can hurt. Have conversations about what these posters and images mean and how they relate to
your class.
Have books with diverse family structures, including two-mom and two-dad families, and
characters in non-traditional gender roles on your bookshelves. (See the Bibliographies – Our
Favorites or the more extensive, Annotated Bibliographies.)
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Integrate units on respect, family diversity, gender, name-calling and bullying into your teaching.
Ensure that these units also reflect cultural, racial,
gender and ethnic diversity. (See Additional
Resources Available from Welcoming Schools for a
―I myself have a student in my class who
list of lesson plans.)
has parents of the same gender and it
EDUCATE YOURSELF
Ask your administration to organize staff
development opportunities to explore issues of
family diversity, gender, name-calling and bullying
as a full staff. Offer your help in designing and
implementing this. (See Connecting with
Colleagues)
Be prepared for teachable moments. Practice how
you might answer students‘ questions about family
diversity, diverse gender expression or about
LGBT people. Practice how to respond when you
hear, ―That‘s so gay!‖ (See What Do You Say to
―That‘s So Gay?‖)
has never come up as a discussion. It‘s
never been talked about ... It‘s not that I
don‘t feel comfortable talking about it, I
just feel it has never come up as an
issue. But now that all the discussion
about the Welcoming Schools
curriculum has come up, I have often
thought about how that particular child
might feel left out at times because it has
never been discussed.‖
-
―If you are not explicit [about
addressing diverse identities] you will
not prepare students for middle school
[where] victimization, raging hormones,
and bigger kids all come into play and
kids can get seriously hurt, whether
physically or emotionally.‖
-
Minnesota pilot site educator
Educator from a California
pilot school
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WORKING WITH SCHOOL BOARDS
Most school boards are aware that their communities are diverse –
whether that diversity is visible or not. School communities include
families of different economic means, races, and religions. School
communities include families with different structures, including
families with a mother and a father, grandparent-headed families, single
parents, and families with LGBT parents.
School board members may not know the importance of making schools
inclusive for all of these families. Some may have varying degrees of
comfort with being inclusive of families with LGBT parents. But most
will understand that families are important to elementary school students
and critical to their well-being. As schools fulfill their mission to reflect
the realities of the world around them, school boards and school
administrators are important partners in the move toward full inclusion.
GET TO KNOW THE SCHOOL BOARD
Actively participate by meeting with local school board members and encourage other
supportive parents/guardians to do the same. Personal contact makes issues of inclusion more
real to school board members. This helps ground the conversation as a real-life community issue
and takes discussions out of the abstract political realm.
Show that there is support for Welcoming Schools from a range of community members.
Identify how working to create a welcoming school connects with current school initiatives
and can help address other issues your school faces.
Testify before the school board. Prepare what you want to say. Share your perspective as a
parent, guardian or grandparent with students in the schools. Use stories from your experience or
your children‘s experiences in the schools.
Listen carefully to concerns, questions, doubts and fears. Look for opportunities to foster
dialogue in a respectful and personal manner.
PROVIDE INFORMATION TO SCHOOL BOARD MEMBERS
Help the school board understand the educational benefits of creating a welcoming
classroom for all children:
o Students in schools with a greater sense of community are more academically motivated,
have higher educational aspirations and enjoy school more.41
o Students who experience acceptance at school are more highly motivated and engaged in
learning and more committed to school.42
o When there is a positive relationship between families and schools, students perform
better academically and socially.43
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o Helping children develop social skills at an early age may have a greater impact on their
academic abilities than concentrating solely on their academics.44
Offer resources from the Welcoming Schools
Guide. Provide information on laws and policies,
connections with standards, facts to back up your
THAT’S A FAMILY!
points and simple ways to create welcoming
FILM SHOWING
schools.
In one pilot site, the Welcoming Schools
Training and support: Find out what is available
task force did a presentation for the
in the community that can be offered to the school
school committee and an interfaith group
district. Look to the state, regional or national level
that had a working relationship with the
if local support is limited.
school district. The presentation included
WHAT CAN YOU ASK FOR?
a showing and discussion of the film,
That‘s a Family!, which portrays children
from all diverse families talking about
their lives. Small group discussions after
the film resulted in dialogue among
religious leaders, parents, school
administrators, educators and school
committee members. People who would
not have thought they had much common
ground were sharing touching details of
their lives and families with each other.
A mission or core values statement that includes
respect. This is a key way to help all children
thrive at school.
Support for administrators and educators who
are working to create welcoming schools for all
students.
Review, evaluation and updating of school
policies and handbooks. Ensure that all types of
harassment and discrimination are forbidden.
Advocate for harassment and discrimination
policies that explicitly include protection related to actual or perceived sexual orientation, gender
identity or expression, race, class, size, religion, sex and nationality.
Trainings for administrators, educators and staff. Include administrative or school-based
trainings on the educational value of creating welcoming schools for students and families,
exploring laws and policies, and prevention of harassment and bullying. Ensure gender-based
and anti-gay teasing and name-calling are specifically addressed, as well as other forms of biasbased bullying related to race, religion, sex, class and nationality. Consider trainings on different
kinds of families that are inclusive of LGBT-headed families. These trainings can create a forum
for answering questions and clarifying misconceptions.
Review of school forms. Ensure they are inclusive of the full range of family structures.
Inclusion of books in school libraries. Have books that reflect all the children‘s families in the
school and the community. Assume that your community represents the full array of family
structures, whether visible or not.
Ensure that social skills are a part of the elementary school curriculum. Proactively develop
children‘s skills to work together, deal with social issues, manage conflict and stand up for
themselves and each other. Help students develop empathy, understanding and respect.
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FIND SUPPORT IN THE COMMUNITY
Work with and engage other parents, guardians and educators to build support for
Welcoming Schools. Engage families that represent all forms of family diversity. Find ways to
connect with other families who may face challenges in the school related to race, faith, family
structure and class.
Work with the PTOs/PTAs to create welcoming school communities for all families.
Contact organizations in your community. Think about who may support this work, such as
youth-serving agencies, family centers and religious organizations
Talk with other elected officials. Help them understand the value of welcoming schools for all
students and families. Ask for their support.
RESOURCES IN WELCOMING SCHOOLS
Why Discuss Family Diversity, Teasing, Name-Calling and Gender?
Responding to Concerns about Being LGBT Inclusive
Inclusive Schools and Communities: Relevant Research
Laws and Policies that Support Welcoming Schools
Legal Resources for Digging Deeper [PDF]
Using the Welcoming Schools Guide in the Era of No Child Left Behind
Curriculum Standards & Welcoming Schools Lesson Plans [PDF]
Supportive Resolutions from Education Associations
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YOUR ROLE AS A LIBRARIAN
―My feeling is that a library is to serve an entire population. It means
you represent different families in a society — different religions,
different beliefs.‖
- Shiloh School District of Illinois Superintendent Jennifer Filyaw45
MIRRORS FOR THEIR LIVES, WINDOWS TO THE WORLD:
LITERATURE FOR STUDENTS
Books provide an important mirror for children to see themselves
reflected in the world around them. Books also provide a window
into the lives of others and expand students‘ personal experiences.
Children who feel that they belong and are welcome in school are
more highly motivated and engaged in learning and more committed
to school.46
Books can help students understand that families are unique while at the same time they share many
common values, beliefs and traditions.
Students can find positive role models through literature. Positive images in books have a positive impact
on children‘s lives.47 Race- and gender-matched role models can improve students‘ aspirations for their
future.48
STEPS YOU CAN TAKE
Include books in your collection that reflect the diversity of children in your school and your community.
Include books that help students see and understand the diversity in the world in which they live.
Read books and make displays of books that show a wide range of activities, emotions and achievements
for boys and girls/men and women. Provide a range of role models.
Create a display of picture books or chapter books featuring a diversity of families. Show the many ways
that families come to be: adoptive families; multiracial families; grandparents caring for children; single
parents; LGBT parents; and many others.
When you are creating displays for special topics, think about how those displays can show people in
diverse gender roles and be inclusive of LGBT people and families. For example, in a display for AfricanAmerican History month, include a book about Bayard Rustin. In a display about penguins, include the
book When Tango Makes Three. In a display about friendship, include books from the Pinky and Rex
series.
Coordinate with other educators and/or the PTO/PTA to have a week focused on stopping hurtful namecalling and bullying. Create library displays and read books to students that highlight ways to be an ally,
interrupt name-calling and respect one another.
Create a display of books for the study of authors such as Tomie DePaola, Todd Parr, Jacqueline
Woodson or James Howe.
Make the bibliographies in the Welcoming Schools Guide available to other educators in your school or to
families.
Ask other educators in your school to help you pick relevant books. Have an occasional book group
where a small group reads the same books and reports back about what they liked and didn‘t like about
the books and ways they might integrate these books into the curriculum.
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Work with other educators and/or with the PTO/PTA to develop family book bags for different grade
levels with books showing a range of diversity in your school and community. This can provide a forum
for students and families to both read together and to discuss diversity and values at home. (See Family
Book Bags [PDF])
POLICY
―Local school boards may not remove books from school library shelves simply because they dislike the ideas
contained in those books.‖
- Supreme Court Justice William Brennan 49
Familiarize yourself with your district‘s core values or mission statement and how it encourages respect
or fosters tolerance. Consider how book selection supports these goals.
Understand your school district‘s policies on book selection and reconsideration procedures.
Be sure to follow policies if a question arises concerning a book.
If there is a question or concern about a book, discuss it with your principal/supervisor.
Check out the websites for the American Library Association, the National Council of Teachers of
English Intellectual Freedom or the others listed below for further advice when concerns are raised about
a book.
RESOURCES FOR LIBRARIANS
See the Annotated Bibliographies in Welcoming Schools
The Cooperative Children‘s Book Center, at: www.education.wisc.edu/ccbc.
First Amendment Center, ―Libraries and First Amendment Issues: Banned Books,‖ at:
www.firstamendmentcenter.org/speech/libraries/topic.aspx?topic=banned_books.
GLBT Round Table of the American Library Association, at: www.ala.org/ala/mgrps/rts/glbtrt/index.cfm
National Coalition Against Censorship, ―Learning, Speaking and Thinking Freely: The First Amendment
in Schools,‖ at: http://65.49.16.213/education/schools/index.cfm
National Council of Teachers of English, at: www.ncte.org/action/anti-censorship.
Office for Intellectual Freedom, American Library Association, at:
www.ala.org/ala/aboutala/offices/oif/index.cfm%20
A school librarian from a CA Pilot site created a website for members of the school community to use to
access books related to Welcoming Schools, at: http://emersonschool.pbwiki.com/Welcoming-Schools
A detailed blog in response to a library patron‘s concern about Uncle Bobby‘s Wedding, Jamie LaRue,
Librarian, Douglas County, Colorado, July 2008. http://jaslarue.blogspot.com/2008/07/uncle-bobbyswedding.html
P ag e | 39
YOUR ROLE AS A PARENT OR CARING ADULT
All parents and caring adults have a role in creating welcoming elementary schools - from modeling
caring and respectful behavior at home to educating your school community on the importance of the
inclusion of all children and families.
BE CONNECTED WITH YOUR CHILD‘S SCHOOL
Get to know other parents/guardians in your school community. Be an ally. Develop allies. Work
with a diverse range of concerned families to create a safe and caring school for all children.
Work with the PTO/PTA to create a welcoming school community for all families.
Talk to your principal, school superintendent or school system director of elementary education
about the need for teacher training and educational resources that support children from diverse
families. Offer the Welcoming Schools Guide as a resource.
Look at the many ways to make your school more accessible. Understand the impact of language
barriers, economic challenges and differing cultural
expectations and experiences.
Talk with your child about what is going on at
―My own 10-year-old sits at the dinner
school. Find out if there is hurtful teasing, nametable and says ‗Oh, you‘re being so
calling or bullying happening. Make sure your
gay‘… Well, as a parent I‘m also trying
to come to terms with how comfortable I
child feels safe and respected at school. Don‘t
feel discussing these things.‖
assume all is well if your child is silent. Some
children feel they need to protect their parents from
- Parent from Massachusetts pilot
what is happening to them.
site
Ensure your child‘s classroom and school library
include materials representing all families. If
possible, donate relevant books.
Be sure to tell the teachers and administrators when you feel they are doing a good job of
creating a respectful and caring school. They‘ll appreciate your support.
EDUCATE YOUR SCHOOL COMMUNITY ON FAMILY DIVERSITY, GENDER STEREOTYPING‘S
IMPACT ON CHILDREN AND STOPPING HURTFUL TEASING AND BULLYING
Work with school-based organizations or committees to sponsor events and activities in your
school that help build community and respect for all children and all families.
Hold evening events for parents/guardians (or for families including students) with films or guest
speakers to discuss and answer questions about different kinds of families or to address bullying
and name-calling.
Provide accessible resources on families, gender and bullying to administrators, educators and
families.
Ask the school‘s social worker or guidance counselor to address these topics for families.
P ag e | 40
STEPS TO TAKE AT HOME
Establish a respectful environment at home.
Model caring and respect for other people.
Share books with your children that:
o Include different kinds of families.
o Feature boys and girls doing a wide range
of activities and showing a range of
emotions.
o Show kids sticking up for each other in
the face of bullying behaviors.
o Model positive ways to work things out
and handle conflict.
Talk with your child about your religious beliefs. Help him or her understand that while you
might disagree with someone else‘s beliefs, you can still respect the person.
TAKE ACTION
Advocate for school district policies and state laws that ensure safe and respectful schools for all
children, all families and all educators. (See Laws & Policies that Support Welcoming Schools.)
Stay informed. Follow the issues that affect your child‘s school by reading the local paper and
attending school committee meetings.
Let your opinions be heard. Speak up for respect. Write letters to the editor. Speak up at school
committee meetings.
Be a leader. Become active with your PTO/PTA. Join your school council or run for the school
board/committee.
RESOURCES IN WELCOMING SCHOOLS
Creating Welcoming Schools: Getting Started
Family Education and Community Building in Your School
Your Role as a School Administrator
Why Discuss Family Diversity, Teasing, Name-Calling and Gender?
Taking a Look at Some Concerns about Being LGBT-Inclusive
Annotated Bibliographies from Welcoming Schools
An example of Partnering with Schools to Support Children with Gender Variant Behaviors and
Interests [from www.hrc.org]
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YOUR ROLE AS AN LGBT PARENT OR CARING ADULT
As children enter the world of school, many parents/guardians wonder how they can best support their
children in their first steps into a broader community. Often there is a heightened concern among lesbian,
gay, bisexual and transgender parents/guardians.
There are many things that you can do — both emotionally
and practically — to support your children. You can talk to
your children about families and their commonalities and
differences. You can help them anticipate questions about
their family and give them language to help them talk about
it.
―By being very open and talking about
our family in a natural way, we‘ve set
the tone that our relationship is not the
issue, but our child‘s education is.‖
-
At the same time, you can also work proactively to make
schools welcoming and safe environments for all children
and their families.
Mary Delvo and her partner
Raynelle, of Minnesota, are the
parents of two boys, 6 and 4,
one with special needs
Find support in the community! Work with other
parents, guardians and educators to help create a more welcoming school. Engage families who
represent all forms of family diversity. Take the initiative to connect with other families who may
face challenges in the school related to race, family structure and/or class.
Assume that parents/guardians, teachers, staff and administration are all on the same team and all
want what is best for all students. Most educators genuinely care about their students and their
academic and emotional well-being.
Help your child‘s teacher understand your family and that your child (like every other child) needs
acceptance, respect and understanding. Children perform better academically and socially when there
is a positive parent/school relationship.
Find ways to contribute to your child‘s school community. The single best way to become accepted
in a school community is to be a positive and productive presence. Let people get to know you and
your child as individuals.
Advocate for your child in a manner that respects the world of the school personnel. Schools have
hundreds of children to educate, shrinking budgets to juggle and state and federal test standards to
meet. Approach a school with openness, patience, confidence and information.
Remember, lack of understanding or experience with families that have LGBT parents/guardians
does not necessarily equal ill-intent. A school may not have previously addressed family diversity,
but that does not mean it won‘t if you ask and provide relevant resources.
Research persuasively shows that children who feel supported by and have a sense of pride in their
families are better equipped to deal with and maintain a positive sense of self-esteem when
confronted with prejudice.
The Welcoming Schools Guide provides resources for you as a parent and resources you can provide
to your child‘s educators. There are many ways this guide can be used, whether in part or in its
entirety.
P ag e | 42
Use the Family Education and Community Building section of the guide and work with other
parents/guardians to organize an evening event that will help your school community understand the
diversity of families in students‘ lives.
o Provide Welcoming Schools materials to your school.
o If your child‘s teacher feels unprepared to answer other students‘ questions about your
family, you could provide the Guide to Age-Appropriate Definitions for Students [PDF]or
Questions Students May Ask with Possible Answers About LGBT People [PDF].
o Offer the bibliographies from Welcoming Schools to your school librarian.
o Follow up with a meeting with the principal, counselor and/or teacher and discuss ways these
can be used.
Your child deserves to be and feel safe at school. Listen carefully to and talk with your child to see if
other students are teasing him or her about your family. If they are, approach the teachers and school
administrators. Teasing can be the result of a lack of knowledge or familiarity rather than malice.
School-wide education for adults and students is the best way to put an end to it — or stop it from
developing.
As your child enters school, determine your level of comfort in being open. For a variety of reasons
including custody issues, job security and personal safety, you may choose to be less open. Be as
open as possible about your family. School personnel cannot be supportive about family situations
about which they have no knowledge.
Although you may fear that your child will encounter prejudice at school, young children do not
assume that. To your children, your family is his or her family and that is what matters. Try not to
pass on adult fears to your children.
In early elementary school, most children‘s questions about LGBT parents come from curiosity
rather than prejudice. Model for your children how to answer questions simply.
Depending on the age and development of your child, you can discuss with him or her what kind of
support he or she wants in school. For example, you can ask your child whether he or she would like
you to have a conversation with the teacher about your family at the beginning of the school year. If
you volunteer in the class, does your child want you to come out in any way? You may determine
that these decisions belong to you as a parent, but they are questions that should be considered.
Respect your child‘s wishes. Especially as your child moves on in elementary school, ask if he or she
wants your help in talking with a teacher or the principal if an incident arises (unless health and
safety are at stake). Work with your child on steps he or she could take or conversations the child
could have with teachers or other students if he or she chose to.
Connect your child to other kids who have LGBT parents/guardians. Knowing that they are not alone
and are, in fact, part of a community of kids who have LGBT families will help your child gain pride.
P ag e | 43
FAMILY EDUCATION AND COMMUNITY BUILDING FOR YOUR SCHOOL
―By getting information to the parents and, then, having
them feel a little more comfortable, they‘ll be able to
approach their children in a way that they‘re more
comfortable.‖
- Parent from a Massachusetts pilot site
A critical aspect to creating a welcoming school for all
children is the involvement and understanding of the
parents and guardians in the school community. Sometimes
the concern about discussing different kinds of families in
school, in particular families with LGBT parents, is that
parents/guardians don‘t know how these topics are being addressed in school and they don‘t know what to
say when their children start asking questions.
Evening programs give parents/guardians a chance to discuss their concerns, while at the same time see how
families with LGBT parents/caring adults can be explained in a child-friendly way. Family programs can
also be a great way to open dialogue and discussion between parents/guardians and their children.
KEYS TO A SUCCESSFUL EVENT:
The more people you work with to organize these events, the more people will come.
If you are an educator, involve the parents and guardians in your school.
If you are a parent/guardian, involve the educators and administrators in your school.
Reach out to all kinds of families in your school to organize the event and attend it.
Make sure it is well publicized.
Serve food!
A FILM SHOWING OF THAT’S A FAMILY!
This award winning film can be a simple way to open discussion about all kinds of diverse families
including multi-racial, adoptive, single-parented, and same-sex-parented. The children in this film
speak for themselves. They are eloquent and talk of the love that brings healthy families together. An
evening event can be held either only for adults or for families. This accessible film can help address
parental concerns and answer children‘s questions. At a family forum you can generate a rich
discussion using the prompt: ―As you watch the film, choose one family that has something in
common with your family, that in some way mirrors your family, and choose a family that is very
different from your family, that in some way provides a window into another experience.‖ After the
movie is over, people can share in small or large groups. (See That‘s A Family! A Evening Family
Forum [PDF])
P ag e | 44
At a community meeting at a Massachusetts pilot school to
introduce parents/guardians to some of the topics of
Welcoming Schools, the film That‘s a Family! was shown.
Child care was provided for students. The following day, a
parent who attended the meeting ran into a member of the
Welcoming Schools task force. She thanked the committee
member profusely for Welcoming Schools. She explained
that after the meeting, her son asked what the adults had
been talking about. When she described the content of the
film, she said she had one of the best conversations with her
son. ―I couldn‘t believe how much he already knew!‖ she
told the member of the task force.
―IS YOUR FAMILY LIKE MINE?‖ PANEL DISCUSSION
This is a great way for people in the school community to
learn more about each other — to see what makes
families unique, as well as what they have in common
and what values they share. It helps people see the
realities of the diversity within their own community.
Prepare a panel that represents all kinds of diversity,
including race, family structure, class, etc. A good first
question is, ―How do you talk about your family with
your children?‖ Also, make sure you ask people to
describe their families. Otherwise, they may forget or
assume people know. Ask people to speak in their own
voices and make sure they don‘t feel like they have to
represent all families like them. See ―Is Your Family Like
Mine?‖ Panel Discussion [PDF].
ANSWERING YOUR CHILDREN‘S TOUGH
QUESTIONS: AN EVENING WORKSHOP
COMMUNITY MEETINGS DISCUSS
ALL KINDS OF FAMILIES
―What expands and enriches Zach‘s
and Justin‘s lives is not only that we
are a multi-racial family with two
dads, but also that Michael and I
bring so many different perspectives
into their lives. As in a mosaic, what
makes our family beautiful and
unique is the many different
patterns and shapes which together
create a whole picture.‖
-
Doug Robinson, parent of two
and member of the Welcoming
School Advisory Board.
―[During our community meeting]
one of the instructional assistants
was definitely out of her comfort
zone. She is a devout Christian,
older, African-American woman
with pretty traditional views. I've
worked with her for years and
respect her greatly, but haven't
sensed any sympathy for this subject
before. You could even see from her
body language that she was
uncomfortable in the beginning. As
the day went on, she became more
and more relaxed and responsive.
When I talked to her at the end, she
said, "We have to do this type of
lesson for the kids. It doesn't matter
what we think of their families, we
are responsible to teach them and
make them feel safe and valued.
They belong to our community and
we have to protect them."
Do your children ask questions about other kinds of
families that you are not sure how to answer? Children
are curious and often ask questions when they come into
contact with families different from their own - Why
doesn‘t she live with her dad/mom? Why does he have
two moms? Who are her real parents? Why doesn‘t he
look like his parents? Talking with others helps parents
- A principal from a California
pilot site
and educators become more comfortable approaching
these topics. Generate questions from the participants,
making sure many topics are covered. Have a facilitator
ask the whole group questions one at a time, and then
smaller groups can discuss possible ways to answer them. Share insights with the whole group. See
Answering Your Children‘s Tough Questions: An Evening Workshop [PDF].
P ag e | 45
CONNECTING WITH COLLEAGUES –
LEARNING TOGETHER
CONNECTING WITH COLLEAGUES – LEARNING TOGETHER
―When someone with the authority of a teacher describes the world, and you‘re not in it, there‘s a
moment of psychic disequilibrium, as if you looked into a mirror and saw nothing.‖
- Adrienne Rich, poet
The Connecting with Colleagues — Learning Together
section of the Welcoming Schools Guide provides
administrators and educators with the resources and
activities they need to facilitate informative and inspiring
professional development workshops with their
colleagues. They are designed for educators who are
interested in working with colleagues to explore and
expand their knowledge and develop an awareness of
lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender topics. The activities can also be useful for parents and
community allies who want to form discussion groups.
Most of the topics we discuss and teach in schools are topics that we have had practice talking about in
our own schooling, our families or our places of worship.
LGBT people and issues are different. Most of us —
educators, teachers and parents — did not talk about LGBT
―During our first big [Welcoming
people as children. In fact, most of us were unaware that
Schools] orientation with the teachers,
we knew any. Some have never talked about these topics at
there was a lot of interaction. We talked
all and others never used the words ―lesbian,‖ ―gay,‖
about self-awareness, of their own
―bisexual‖ or ―transgender‖ until they were young adults.
experiences.‖
Some of us never heard these words used in a positive
Assistant superintendent,
context until we were adults. Some of us still haven‘t.
Massachusetts pilot site
Bringing the voices, images and history of LGBT people
into our professional development and conversations with
colleagues will not only broaden our own horizons but will
begin to bring positive change.
Many teachers don‘t have the language or knowledge base to talk about topics regarding LGBT people
in their classrooms. Many teachers also don‘t have the experience or comfort level to interrupt anti-gay
name-calling or to answer questions from students such as ―What does ‗gay‘ mean?‖ or ―How can he
have two moms?‖ It is important to practice answering questions and interrupting hurtful behavior. As
we gain facility with the language, we become better able to facilitate dialogue and create change.
The activities are designed to provide structure and content for conversations in which to share ideas,
put thoughts into words and practice and make mistakes with our colleagues. These activities will give
teachers the opportunity to learn from the actual experiences of children and learn from each other. Each
activity should begin by the group agreeing to a set of ground rules such as these:
GROUND RULES:
It is important to set ground rules that will ensure confidentiality and respect.
Listen and learn.
Maintain confidentiality.
Talk respectfully, no put-downs allowed.
Explore new ideas.
Everyone sets their own boundaries for personal disclosure.
Respect different experiences.
Share time equally.
P ag e | 47
ICE BREAKER: SHARING CHALLENGES IN DISCUSSING LGBT TOPICS
Level: Educators
Length of time: One and a half minutes per participant and a five- to 15-minute large-group discussion
Activity
―What‘s difficult and/or scary for you about talking about LGBT topics … in your school community …
in your classroom?‖
When a working group or grade-level cluster commits to learning about lesbian, gay, bisexual and
transgender topics and people, it is useful to start the work by asking each member to give a short 30second answer to each of the three questions listed below. These questions acknowledge that these
issues are difficult for everyone to discuss for a wide range of reasons that can be as simple as lack of
knowledge. The fears that surface when answering these questions are deep-seated and, once aired, can
lead to greater understanding and the establishment of more authentic dialogue.
Arrange seats in a circle. Acknowledge that there may be a wide range of responses to the questions.
Remind participants that it is the diversity of opinions and backgrounds that will make the discussion
rich. Remember that diversity is a strength, not a problem, in a school community. There is no right
response. Remind participants that most LGBT people grew up never talking about LGBT topics and
people. We are all learning together.
Each participant has 30 seconds or less to respond to each question. Ask the first question and ask
everyone to respond, then ask the second question and so on. Participants should not respond to each
other until everyone has had a chance to talk.
1. What‘s difficult and/or scary for you about talking about LGBT topics … in your school community
… in your classroom?
2. Why is it important to talk about LGBT topics … in your school community … in your
classroom?
3. How do you think your students know what they know about LGBT people?
After everyone has answered, debrief the discussion by appreciating participants‘ willingness to share
honestly. Ask for more appreciations and observations of commonalities. Ask the group if there were
topics that came up that highlight areas for learning and action.
Modification: People could pair up. Then, ask the first question and have each pair discuss their
responses. Next, ask for a few people to say what came up. Do the same with the second and third
questions.
P ag e | 48
SKILLS-BUILDING EXERCISE: RESPONDING TO QUESTIONS ABOUT LGBT
TOPICS
―Of course, it was just as the bell was about to ring, when I overheard Max, one of my fourthgraders say, ―lesbians are so weird.‖ I wasn‘t sure what to say to him. I was taken aback. However,
some of the other students stepped right in and said, ―Where did you hear that? Don‘t you know that
Amy‘s moms are lesbians? They aren‘t weird.‖ Max ended up feeling bad. I realized that we had
never talked about it in school and that he didn‘t have any idea what the word meant except as a slur
and that he didn‘t know that it could actually apply to people he knew.‖
- Teacher from a Massachusetts pilot site
Level: Educators. Length of Time: 45 – 60 minutes.
Introduction
Most of the topics we teach about are topics that we have had practice talking about in school. However,
most of us did not grow up talking about LGBT topics and did not discuss them as part of our
professional training as educators.
Therefore, this activity gives educators the opportunity to practice talking about LGBT topics. It is
difficult to be articulate about topics that we‘ve never discussed before, and even more so to be
articulate about topics that are often considered controversial and about which many have strong
feelings.
Participants will have a wide variety of responses to these questions, including not being able to find
words. There are no right responses or wrong responses when doing this activity. It is important that
participants feel comfortable enough to try out new vocabulary and language that initially may feel
awkward and uncomfortable.
For examples of more questions and responses see the longer version of this activity in Connecting with
Colleagues from Welcoming Schools. See Practicing Responses – Extended Version [PDF].
Materials: Large paper or a white board, markers, handout with questions and possible responses.
Activity
Introduce the activity by saying that this activity gives participants a chance to practice
answering students‘ questions about LGBT topics. It provides participants with an opportunity to
reflect on their own level of comfort and familiarity with various questions that elementary
school children might ask.
Have participants count off by twos.
Have all the ―ones‖ form a circle facing out, and have all of the ―twos‖ form a circle outside the
―ones‖ facing in.
The facilitator reads a question and all the ―ones‖ have one minute to share their answer with the
―twos.‖ (See questions on page 51)
P ag e | 49
Before reading the next question, the people in the outside circle, the ―twos,‖ move one person to
the right. The facilitator then reads a new question. This time, the ―twos‖ share their answer with
their partner.
Continue shifting the circle and answering questions in this way. Take some time in between
questions to ask for a few responses to be shared with the full group.
Close the activity by asking the group to reflect on all of the response they have offered and
heard. Ask them if there are any overall lessons or strategies that stand out to them. Record these
strategies on an easel paper or white board.
Developed by Lesley Strang, early childhood educator, and edited by Emmy Howe, Open View Farm
Educational Center, Conway, Mass. See: www.openviewfarm.org
P ag e | 50
RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS ABOUT LGBT TOPICS
1.
―What does ‗gay‘ mean?‖ (When talking with a first-grader?
When talking with a fifth-grader?)
A discussion with elementary-age students about the meanings of ―gay‖
or ―lesbian‖ is a discussion about love and relationships. You can just
clarify that people love each other in different ways. Some women love
and want to be partners with a man and some women love and want to be
partners with a woman. It can be helpful to give concrete examples, such
as ―Tanya and Angela love each other and they want to be family to each
other.‖ (For further discussion, see the one page handout, ―What Does
‗Gay‘ Mean?‖)
Sample responses:
A person who loves, in a very special way, someone who is the
same gender. For example, a gay man wants to be involved with
and love another man.
The word ―gay‖ refers to a man who falls in love with another man in a romantic way or a woman
who falls in love with another woman in a romantic way. Sometimes people use the word just to refer
to a man who loves another man in a romantic way. ―Gay,‖ however, can refer to both men and
women.
2.
―How can she have two moms? Which one is the real one?‖
If you have a child with two dads or two moms in your classroom, it is helpful to know how his or her
parents talk about their family. This will help you respond to other students‘ questions.
Sample response:
They both are. Both moms take care of her and love her. There are all kinds of families. Some have
two moms, some have two dads, some have one mom or dad and some have a mom and a dad. Some
children are raised by other caring adults such as grandparents, other relatives or guardians.
What‘s important is to have adults who love and care for you.
3. ―My grandma says it‘s wrong for two women to have children.‖
Sample response:
People have lots of different ideas about families. Your grandma is not the only one who thinks that.
There are many kinds of families. Some have a mom and a dad. Some have two moms. Some have
one mom. In this school we respect all families that love and care for their children. Making sure
children are well-cared-for is what is important. I have met all kinds of healthy, happy families
P ag e | 51
4.
―He always dresses like a girl and says he‘s a girl but isn‘t he a boy?‖ ―If she isn‘t a boy, why
does she look and act like one all the time?‖
Some children from a very young age start to say that they feel like they are in the wrong body. Even though
a child appears to be a boy, they will say they are a girl and they prefer to wear dresses or other clothes to
appear more like a girl. They may also prefer activities that are traditionally considered activities for girls. At
the same time, while biologically a girl, a child may start saying, ―I‘m a boy.‖
Discuss with the child‘s parents/guardians how they respond to questions. It won‘t be the first time they have
been asked. Also discuss this with the administration and other staff, as they will get questions too. Some
basic things to discuss with parents/guardians include what name to use, what pronoun to use, professional
language to use with administrators, educators and other parents/guardians and simple ways to answer other
students‘ questions based on the individual situation.
If you know that a student entering your class presents as a different gender than the child‘s biological sex,
check out some of the additional resources on gender in the comprehensive Welcoming Schools Guide to
help give you the background to work with the child and family. See Gender Identity and Stereotypes:
Impact on Children [PDF] or Resources on Gender Identity [PDF].
Sample responses:
There are lots of different ways that boys can dress and lots of different ways that girls can dress.
There was a time when girls couldn‘t wear pants to school and now they can. Some boys like to wear
pink or to have long hair. All of these things are OK in our school.
Sandy has always felt like a girl deep down inside. So that is just the way she likes to dress.
5. ―Aren‘t the students too young to learn what ‗gay‘ means?‖ (When talking with a parent? When
talking with a colleague?)
Sample responses:
In elementary school, learning the meaning of ―gay‖ or ―lesbian‖ can come up in a couple of
contexts — families, name-calling and current events.
For example, we may be talking about the mothers or fathers of one of our students or we may be
looking at a book that shows a child with two moms or two dads. If we are defining the word for
students, we are talking about adults who fall in love with other adults of the same sex.
Students often use the word ―gay‖ to mean that something is stupid, or they use it as a put-down for
a boy whom they think is not acting masculine enough. However, they often don‘t know what ―gay‖
actually means. We are teaching the students to understand the words they are using or hearing. We
are talking about not hurting classmates and others with our words.
Students also see the words ―lesbian‖ or ―gay‖ or ―bisexual‖ or ―transgender‖ as headlines at the
grocery store checkout counter. They overhear them in the news. Then they come into class and ask
what they mean.
P ag e | 52
It‘s often helpful to use illustrations, as in the following
responses:
Roberto is talking about his family when he talks
about visiting his grandparents with his two
moms and younger brother, just as Sasha is
talking about her family when she describes her
vacation with her mommy and daddy and sister.
Showing a book that has two dads cooking dinner
for their child shows two parents caring for their
son.
Seeing a film with children talking about the
many kinds of families they have and grow up in
helps students see the common threads that run
through caring families: love and concern for
children.
Some kids came into class one morning and were
talking about the People magazine cover ―Lance
Bass (formerly of ‘N Sync) Is Gay!‖ They were
giggling. Finally a girl came over to me and
asked, ―What does that mean?‖
Two boys were sent to my office this morning for
pushing each other around when one of them
said, ―Get out of my way, faggot.‖ When I asked
them if they knew what it meant, they paused and
one finally said, ―It means stupid.‖
―Dozens of parents flooded the Methuen
school system with phone calls yesterday
after a local newspaper reported that a
fourth-grade girl had returned from the
February school break requesting to be
treated as a boy.
The child's parents told school officials that
he had always considered himself a boy,
rejecting feminine dress and name, and
they were agreeing to raise him as a male.
Many parents sought reassurance that ''this
wasn't just some frivolous happening with
the youngster," said Superintendent Phillip
Littlefield. ''There is a medical condition
that exists here, and this is not something
irresponsible on the part of the parents.
These are wonderful parents who care very,
very deeply about their child."
Most parents who called, however, simply
wanted to know which bathroom the child
uses, according to Littlefield, who said he
told them the youngster uses a separate
bathroom, and people say, ''Oh, wow, that's
cool."
Littlefield said the child has asked to be
called a masculine version of his name,
which the superintendent declined to
disclose, upon the family's request. Other
than that, nothing has changed, he said,
and most of the 1,100 students at the
Comprehensive Grammar School are
taking the situation in stride…
For the kids who aren't close to him, it was
Phyllis and now it's Phillip," said
Littlefield, using other names for examples.
''And it's OK. They want to know what's for
lunch…. I think sometimes when we don't
understand something completely, we sort
of react with fear," Littlefield said. ―And
this is a nice little kid. This is the same
youngster that's been in the fourth grade all
year.‘‖
-
Superintendent Phillip Littlefield,
Metheun Public Schools, Mass. in
an interview with the Boston
Globe, March 5, 2005.1
P ag e | 53
WHAT DOES ‗GAY‘ MEAN?
There is not one right answer:
Many people have grown up without hearing the
words ―gay‖ or ―lesbian.‖ Therefore, you may not be
sure how to respond when a student asks you what
the words mean. It is better to try to answer than to
respond with silence or evade the question. Practice
different responses with colleagues, just as you
practice other things that you want to learn. Figure
out what you feel comfortable saying. Responses will
vary by age and developmental stage of the student.
Your comfort in answering these questions will set a
welcoming tone in your class and school community.
Keep it simple:
An answer can be as simple as: ―‗Gay‘ means when a
man loves a man or a woman loves a woman.‖ Try to
answer the question honestly without overloading a
student with information. Throughout elementary
school, a student‘s ability to understand what ―gay‖
means and what your explanation means may
increase with development.
Focus on love and relationships:
A discussion with elementary-age students about the
meanings of ―gay‖ or ―lesbian‖ is a discussion about
love and relationships. You can just clarify that
people love each other in different ways. Some
women love and want to be partners with a man and
some women love and want to be partners with a
woman. It can be helpful to give concrete examples,
such as ―Tanya and Angela love each other, and they
want to be family to each other.‖
Understand what the student is asking:
If a second-grader says to you, ―Alexia said that
Ricardo is gay. What does ‗gay‘ mean?‖ You could
begin with, ―Do you know why Alexia said that?‖ Or
a student could say, ―I heard that Omar‘s dad is gay.
What does that mean?‖ Listening first gives you a
good idea of what your student wants to know and
needs to know. Will your answer be about namecalling, defining what it means to be gay, different
kinds of families or some combination of answers?
Think about what messages you want to share:
Making fun of people by calling them ―gay‖
(or ―sissy,‖ ―queer,‖ etc.) is hurtful. It can
hurt both the student who is the target and
anyone who hears it who may have a gay
relative or friend.
Using the name of any group of people as an
insult is not OK, because it is most often
based on negative stereotypes of that group.
People can fall in love and want to be
partners with people of the same gender or
with people of a different gender.
Be direct:
Sometimes educators want to dodge a question about
gay people with a response such as ―The word gay
means happy.‖ While that IS one meaning, if that is
the extent of the response, students will know that
this is a topic that brings up discomfort.
SAMPLE RESPONSES TO: ―WHAT DOES GAY
MEAN?‖
A person who loves, in a very special way,
someone who is the same gender. For
example, a gay man wants to be involved
with and love another man. A gay person
may choose to have a special relationship
with someone and share a home and have a
family together.
A man who loves another man or a woman
who loves another woman in a romantic
way.
When a person grows up and they fall in
love or want to fall in love with a person of
the same gender.
―Gay‖ can refer to either men or women but
it is sometimes used just to refer to gay men.
Women who are gay are also called
―lesbians.‖
A lesbian is a woman who loves another
woman in a very special way.
A lesbian is a woman who wants to be in a
romantic relationship with another woman.
A woman who wants to be partners with and
make a family with another woman.
All people deserve respect.
P ag e | 54
WHAT DO YOU SAY TO ‗THAT‘S SO GAY‘?
STOP IT:
Keep it simple with quick responses. You could say:
―Remember, we don‘t use put-downs in this
class.‖
―It‘s not OK to say ‗That‘s so gay.‘‖
―It‘s not OK to use that phrase.‖
―What did you mean by that?‖
―Do you know what ‗gay‘ means?‖
―You may not have meant to be hurtful, but
when you use the word ‗gay‘ to mean
something is bad or stupid, it is hurtful.‖
―Do you know why it is hurtful?‖
If you have the time and opportunity to educate on the
spot, do it. If you don‘t, make time later.
EDUCATE:
If you have been hearing the phrase ―That‘s so
gay‖ used to mean that something is bad or
stupid, take the time during a class meeting or
group time to make sure that your students
know what ―gay‖ means and know why it is
hurtful to use it as an insult.
Be clear with students that when they use the
word ―gay‖ in a negative way they are being
disrespectful. Also be clear that using the
phrase ―That‘s so gay‖ is hurtful to other
students who may have parents, siblings,
aunts, uncles, neighbors, friends or other
family members who are gay.
In lessons on respect, stereotypes or prejudice
include information about discrimination
against lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender
people.
DON‘T IGNORE IT:
Ignoring name-calling and hurtful teasing
allows it to continue and possibly get worse. If
other students do not see action, they get the
message that there is nothing wrong with it.
Harassment does not go away on its own
DON‘T BE AFRAID OF MAKING THE
SITUATION WORSE:
Almost any response is better than ignoring
the situation. You may not know exactly what
to say, but you must stop the harassment.
Taking action reaffirms limits. Interrupting
name-calling isn‘t always easy. With
experience you will become more comfortable
in handling it.
DON‘T EXCUSE THE BEHAVIOR:
Saying ―Josh doesn‘t really know what it
means,‖ or ―Sarah was only joking,‖ excuses
hurtful behavior.
DON‘T TRY TO JUDGE HOW UPSET THE
TARGET WAS:
We have no way of knowing how a student is
really feeling. Often, targets are embarrassed
and pretend that they were not offended or
hurt. Saying ―Michael didn‘t seem upset by
Laura‘s remark‖ trivializes the target‘s
feelings. It tells the harasser that it is OK to
make hurtful comments. It teaches not only the
child targeted but also anyone in hearing range
that they will not be protected from
harassment.
BE PROACTIVE:
DON‘T BE IMMOBILIZED BY FEAR:
Develop an environment of respect and caring
for all students in your class and school.
Establish clear schoolwide and classroom
policies against name-calling and hurtful
teasing.
If you have been hearing the phrase ―That‘s so
gay‖ in your class or school, be explicit that
rules against name-calling include that phrase
and other anti-gay put-downs.
Making a mistake is far less serious than not
acting at all. You can always go back to the
student and say or do something else if you
feel you did not respond well.
P ag e | 55
GENDER AND CHILDREN: A PLACE TO BEGIN FOR EDUCATORS
Children receive formal and informal messages about gender from a
multitude of sources — their families, their peers, their communities and
the media. Many of the messages empower them, and many of the
messages limit them. It is important for all children to see the range of
human behaviors as possible and positive ways to be, regardless of their
genders.
Television, movies and toys are examples of places in our culture that
divide the world into male-appropriate and female-appropriate
behaviors.
At school, it is important for educators to create gender-expansive
environments where children can be whole by expressing every part of their personality: their strengths, their
emotions, their quiet side, their active side, their introspective self and their extroverted self.
Creating schools that nurture academic achievement, provide physical and emotional safety and welcome all
students are common goals for all educators.
Below is a list of guidelines and ideas for expanding possibilities for girls and boys with suggestions for
working with gender.
GUIDELINES FOR EDUCATORS
Create a safe, gender-expansive space for children. An atmosphere of acceptance in the classroom
and school affirms all children and allows them to express their interests.
Expand children‘s range of possibilities through literature. Review stories, books, games and other
messaging for gender stereotypes. Include books in your classroom and school library that show a
wide range of activities, emotions and achievements for all children.
Provide role models for both girls and boys that show a wide range of occupations and achievements.
Read biographies, develop classroom or hallway displays and invite guest speakers who expand
children‘s vision of ways to achieve and thrive.
Look at the individual qualities and gifts each child brings to your classroom. Do not automatically
accept assumptions of what is appropriate behavior for boys or for girls.
Provide opportunities for students to look at the qualities that all children share and to think about the
messages they receive about male and female identity.
Develop classroom messages that emphasize ―All children can…‖ rather than ―Boys don‘t…, Girls
don‘t…‖ Emphasize the inclusive term ―children.‖
Instead of organizing children by gender, ―Boys do that, and girls do this,‖ organize students by
different categories, such as: students whose birthdays fall between January and July, students whose
last names begin with A-H and those whose last names begin with I-Z, or students who are sitting in a
particular part of the room, etc.
Encourage children to find activities that they enjoy and that respect their interests. This will help
them connect to other children with similar interests and fit in socially.
P ag e | 56
Interrupt hurtful teasing and name-calling. When students use words like ―gay,‖ ―sissy,‖ ―girl,‖
―tomboy‖ or ―queer‖ as put-downs, they are using these words to hurt, exclude, intimidate or bully.
To create a safe atmosphere, ensure this kind of talk is stopped.
Be aware of and intervene when students are policing each other on gender. If a child says to a young
boy, ―Bobby, that‘s a girl‘s shirt/toy,‖ or ―You run like a girl,‖ or, to a young girl, ―You look like a
boy,‖ interrupt the behavior. Emphasize that it is OK for children to dress in ways that they feel
comfortable.
Children are more resilient and able to cope when they feel that someone understands them and is on
their side. Let students know that you see their strengths and that you can appreciate their unique
qualities.
Be ready to support parents of children who are gender variant. Many parents will be deeply
concerned about their child. Use language that supports their child. Help parents see their child‘s
strengths whether they are academic, artistic, athletic, dramatic or interpersonal. Model inclusive and
expansive language for other parents who comment about a particular child.
Identify support systems for you and children within the school. Create community. Talk with other
teachers, counselors and administrators. Agree on professional and developmentally appropriate
language when discussing children‘s gender expression.
Be aware of whether students feel safe outside of the classroom. In the lunchroom? Recess? Gym
class? Special education classes? In the bathroom? On the school bus or at bus stops? Engage the
adults in charge of these areas in a conversation about gender expression.
Avoid situations that force children to make gendered choices, such as boys lining up here and girls
lining up there.
Avoid using the phrase ―boys and girls‖ as a way to address your class. Try to use more inclusive
phrases to address the class as a whole like children, students, learners, young people or Room No.
__. You can also choose a name for your class that brings to mind positive attributes — like the
Dolphins, Owls or Peacemakers.
Establish a gender-neutral bathroom in your school that students can use, such as one in the nurse‘s
office.
Become aware of any negative gender-related messages that you received, so you do not pass on
messages that limit a child‘s potential and development.
Be prepared to raise questions in team meetings. Find colleagues who are similarly committed to
assuring a gender-expansive school. Create a community of adult learners.
Remember you are not alone. Other teachers are facing similar issues.
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES IN THE WELCOMING SCHOOLS GUIDE
Our Favorites: Looking at Gender Through Books
Gender Identity and Stereotypes: The Impact on Children [PDF]
A Look at Research on Prejudice and Stereotypes [PDF]
Resources on Gender Roles and Stereotypes [PDF]
Resources on Gender Identity [PDF]
Annotated Bibliographies from Welcoming Schools
An Example of Partnering with Schools to Support Children with Gender Variant Behaviors and
Interests [from www.hrc.org]
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A NOTE ON MOTHER‘S AND FATHER‘S DAYS
―In kindergarten, there are Muffins for Moms and
Donuts for Dads days, and then obviously there are
times when two moms show up or two dads, but it isn‘t
discussed.‖
- Minneapolis pilot site educator
Mother‘s and Father‘s Days can be one way to
celebrate and honor parents. However, not all children
come from families with both a mother and a father.
Some children come from families with two moms or
two dads. Some may have a parent who died. Some
children are raised by grandparents or other caring adults. When Mother‘s and Father‘s Days are
celebrated at school, they can be anxiety-provoking and painful for some children. Teachers need to
consider the family configurations of the children in their class.
Mother‘s and Father‘s Days can be used as an opportunity to discuss honoring or appreciating your
elders. They can also be used as an opportunity to discuss all adults who raise children and all kinds
of families. When teachers acknowledge that children live in different kinds of families, students
who don‘t have both a mother and a father will be more likely to feel included. When a child feels
seen and understood at school, he or she will feel more connected to school and do better
academically and emotionally.
At school, teachers often acknowledge the holidays by
reading books about mothers and fathers. These
holidays can be an opportunity to discuss the many
kinds of families and the many caring adults who are in
children‘s lives. For some children, this will be an
opportunity to learn about diverse families. For some
children, it will be an opportunity to see that their
families are acknowledged in the school.
As Mother‘s and Father‘s Days are always on the
weekend, you can leave the making of cards and the
celebrations for the children to do at home. Parents cherish all the drawings or other things their
children have made that they have said were made especially for them. In fact, many parents are
often more touched by gifts or cards that their children have made that were not just made at the
prompting of a teacher for Mother‘s Day or Father‘s Day.
If you decide to make cards or gifts in your class, make sure that you talk about and model choices.
For example, on Mother‘s Day, students could make something for their mothers, grandmothers,
aunts, guardians or other women who are important to them. This option, however, is only a partial
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solution as a student without a mother in the home or a student with two mothers at home is still
aware that most students are making something for their mothers or just one mother.
Making something in the classroom will still present challenges to some children. The key is being
sensitive to the issues and helping those children who need it, so that they do not have to handle the
challenges presented to them alone.
SUGGESTED BOOKS FOR CHILDREN
Rigoberto Gonzalez & Cecilia Alvarez, Antonio‘s Card / La Tarjeta de Antonio, 2005. (Bilingual)
(1 – 4). Teachers Guide: http://www.childrensbookpress.org/our-books/latino/antonios-card
Todd Parr, The Family Book, 2004. (Pre-K – K).
Susan Kuklin, Families, 2006. (K – 5).
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
Sudie Hofmann, ―Framing the Family Tree: How Teachers Can Be Sensitive to Students‘ Family
Situations,‖ Rethinking Schools, Spring 2005 (p. 20). Available at: www.rethinkingschools.org.
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RESOURCES
SUPPORTIVE RESOLUTIONS
AMERICAN SCHOOL COUNSELOR ASSOCIATION
―Each person has the right to be respected, be treated with dignity and have access to a comprehensive
school counseling program that advocates for and affirms all students from diverse populations
regardless of ethnic/racial status, age, economic status, special needs, English as a second language or
other language group, immigration status, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity/expression, family
type, religious/spiritual identity and appearance.‖50
AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS
―AFT has a proud history and a long-standing record in the fight for the elimination of discrimination
and stereotyping based on race, gender, immigration status, physical disabilities, ethnicity and sexual
orientation.‖51
ASSOCIATION FOR SUPERVISION AND CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
―Schools must use education to bridge the divides caused by the deepest differences between groups of
people. This requires serious attention to teaching about differences such as language, culture and
religion, as well as exploring areas of shared understanding. Schools must develop and foster civil
cultures, democratic communities and practices that respect diversity in all its forms.‖52
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS
―Principals must provide leadership within the school community in developing programs aimed at
creating constructive and cooperative relationships, teaching tolerance and appreciating similarities and
differences among all people. …53
―NAESP recognizes that changing societal attitudes have produced a variety of family patterns…
NAESP urges administrators to maintain a school climate supportive of all children and families,
regardless of family patterns. …54
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SCHOOL NURSES
―All students, regardless of sexual orientation, gender expression and gender identity are entitled to equal
opportunities in the educational system. … The school nurse should be actively involved in fostering a
safe environment, demonstrating an understanding of the issues and modeling respect for diversity.‖55
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS
―Schools can only be truly safe when every student, regardless of sexual orientation and gender identity,
is assured of access to an education without fear of harassment, discrimination or violence.‖56
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RESOURCES
NATIONAL COUNCIL OF TEACHERS OF ENGLISH
―It is the responsibility of all teachers to prepare students for citizenship in a diverse society …
RESOLVED, that the NCTE … urge NCTE members to address the needs of LGBT students, as well as
children of LGBT families, and to incorporate LGBT issues in their work.‖57
NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION
―A safe and effective school has a positive environment in which education employees, students,
parents/guardians and the community care for, communicate with, respect, understand and trust each
other.‖58 And ―…plans, activities and programs for education employees, students, parents/guardians
and the community should be developed to … increase respect, understanding, acceptance and sensitivity
toward individuals and groups in a diverse society composed of such groups as American Indians/Alaska
Natives, Asians and Pacific Islanders, Blacks, Hispanics, women, GLBT persons and people with
disabilities.‖59
NATIONAL PARENT TEACHER ASSOCIATION
―Continued respect for, and expansion of civil rights requires they be defended whenever threatened and
that children and youth be taught the significance of civil rights and responsibilities in American culture.
… National PTA supports: Prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, gender, socioeconomic status,
ethnicity, national origin, language, religion, age, physical and academic ability and sexual orientation.‖60
NATIONAL SCHOOL BOARD ASSOCIATION
―NSBA believes that school boards should ensure that students and school staff are not subjected to
discrimination on the basis of socioeconomic status, race, color, national origin, religion, gender,
disability or sexual orientation. … The total school environment, including its curriculum, should reflect
and encourage respect for the multicultural nature of the world.‖61
SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA
―Students should be able to attend school without fear of threat, harassment or denial of rights. To
achieve this positive school climate, SSWAA supports educating both students and staff regarding
misconceptions about GLBQ youth, appropriate ways to address discrimination and harassment and the
importance of mutual respect.‖62
ALSO AVAILABLE IN WELCOMING SCHOOLS:
Supportive Resolutions: Same-Gender Parenting [PDF]
Supportive Resolutions from National Health Organizations Regarding Safe Schools and Sexual
Orientation & Youth [PDF]
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RESOURCES
LAWS & POLICIES THAT SUPPORT WELCOMING SCHOOLS
Looking at supportive laws and policies from other school districts or states can help you figure out the
strengths and weaknesses of laws and policies in your own district and state. If you can‘t find them in
your school district or state, then this section can give you ideas about what you can do to advocate for
help in creating welcoming schools for all children.
For more information see the extended version of Laws and Policies that Support Welcoming Schools
[PDF] that includes information about:
Federal Laws
Safe School Laws
Human Rights and Civil Rights Laws
Laws or Policies Against Harassment and Bullying
Local School District Anti-Discrimination and Anti-Harassment Policies
Character Education Laws
Professional Codes of Ethics
School and Curriculum Standards
Parental Notification/Opt-In & Opt-Out laws
Examples of Case Law — The Financial Impact of Discrimination
Additional Resources on Laws that Support Welcoming Schools
Also available at Welcoming Schools is Legal Resources for Digging Deeper [PDF].
LOCAL SCHOOL DISTRICT ANTI-DISCRIMINATION AND ANTI-HARASSMENT POLICIES
Some school districts have policies that make general statements about creating a respectful learning
environment for all students, all school districts have non-discrimination policies to comply with federal
law, and some districts specifically list additional categories to help ensure that all students are not
discriminated against or harassed.
Take a look at your own local policies and, if you do not think they are adequate, talk with others about
improving these policies. Here are some examples of inclusive policies:
Knox County Board of Education, Tennessee
Student Policy on Harassment, Intimidation and Bullying:63
―‗Harassment, intimidation or bullying‘ means any gesture, written on paper or electronically,
verbal, physical or psychological act … that is motivated by any actual or perceived characteristic
such as race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity
and expression or a mental, physical or sensory disability; or, by any other distinguishing
characteristic; and, a reasonable person should know, under the circumstances, that the act(s) will
have the effect of harming an individual; … or, has the effect of insulting or demeaning any
individual or group.‖
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RESOURCES
Sunnyside Unified School District, Tucson, Ariz.
Non-Discrimination/Equal Opportunity64
―The Board is committed to a policy of non-discrimination in relation to race, color, religion, sex,
age, national origin, language of origin, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression
or marital status. Unless expressly superseded by controlling federal or state statutes, regulations or
court decisions, this policy will prevail in all matters concerning staff members, students, the public,
educational programs and services and individuals with whom the Board does business.
―La Junta Directiva está comprometida a tener una política no descriminatoria con relación a raza,
color, religión, sexo, edad, nacionalidad, lengua de origen, incapacidad, orientación sexual,
identidad o expresión de género o estado civil. A menos que sea reemplazada expresamente por los
estatutos federales o estatales governantes, por reglamentos o por decisiones de la corte, esta
política prevalecerá en todos los asuntos concernientes a los miembros del personal, los estudiantes,
el público, los programas y servicios educativos y los individuos con quienes la Junta Directiva
tenga negocios.‖
CURBING HARASSMENT IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS CAN PREVENT LAWSUITS
Most lawsuits related to discrimination and harassment in schools come from high school students.
However, many of these students recall that they were first targeted for harassment in elementary school.
These early experiences have been cited by jurists, as in the 2007 ruling by the New Jersey‘s Supreme
Court which stated that:
―As a fourth-grader at South Toms River Elementary School [New Jersey], L.W. was taunted with
homosexual epithets such as ‗gay,‘ ‗homo‘ and ‗fag.‘ The harassment increased in regularity and
severity as L.W. advanced through school. … Students in the classroom are entitled to no less
protection from unlawful discrimination and harassment than their adult counterparts in the
workplace. … We require school districts to implement effective preventive and remedial measures to
curb severe or pervasive discriminatory mistreatment.‖65 The school district was fined and required
to pay both the boy and his mother a financial settlement.66
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RESOURCES
TALKING WITH THE MEDIA
Be clear that you are using the Welcoming Schools Guide so that adults can take
responsibility for student safety and create a welcoming school environment where all
students have the opportunity to thrive.
Develop core messages on why Welcoming Schools is important for your schools. Use these
core messages to help you talk with the media and others. Formulate two or three key
messages or phrases and do not hesitate to use them repeatedly in conversation with the
press. (See Why Discuss Family Diversity, Teasing, Name-Calling and Gender? for ideas.)
If you can only get one sentence in when
talking with the press, talk about your values
and why Welcoming Schools is important for
children.
We want to respect and welcome all
This work is about family, respect, and safety.
students and all families in [our]
community to ensure that our students
Be clear that at the elementary school level
thrive. Our families are diverse and
this work is not about sex or sexuality. You do
include people who are mixed race,
not need to repeat distorted accusations if
single parents, adoptive parents, gay
and lesbian parents, immigrants, foster
asked about them. Even if a reporter keeps
parents, grandparents and others.
pressing you, just keep repeating what the
Schools must be a place where children
work is really about.
can learn and grow without hurtful
It is best to avoid repeating inflammatory
bullying or name-calling. Welcoming
Schools work will help to ensure that
words. Even if the media or others call
our students reach their fullest potential
Welcoming Schools ―controversial― or use
in an environment free of bullying and
negative words to describe it, just keep talking
gender stereotyping.
about it in the positive and keep saying what
Welcoming Schools is one more way
good it will do. Emphasize the concept of
that our schools are embracing and
encouraging the active participation of
―welcoming.‖
caretakers and parents. When they're
People can get overwhelmed by a lot of facts.
involved, included and welcomed, so are
their children.
Use facts sparingly. People connect more with
the values behind this work and people‘s
The Welcoming Schools training helps
improve staffs‘ cultural responsibility
stories about the need for or the effectiveness
and commitment. Students benefit when
of creating welcoming schools.
staff work together to create a
welcoming climate.
Explain why you and the audience are on the
same side. Remember the ―audience‖ when
- Core messages developed in
Welcoming Schools pilot site to
talking to the press is not the reporter but the
explain why their district/school
people watching the news or reading the
planned to do welcoming
schools work.
paper.
Think ahead about the types of questions you
might be asked. Develop responses. Think
about why this work is important in your school or school district. Think about what
prompted you to work towards a more welcoming school.
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RESOURCES
Practice responding to the media. Practice giving concise responses. Practice using your core
messages to respond to controversial questions. Practice staying positive.
Ensure that the public is informed of the depth of community support for Welcoming
Schools.
Connect the goals of Welcoming Schools with school mission statements, strategic goals and
initiatives related to social and emotional learning – for example, anti-bullying initiatives,
Second Step or Open Circle.
Connect Welcoming Schools to values that many people share — such as the opportunity for
children to learn in a safe environment, the opportunity for all children to reach their fullest
potential, the responsibility we share in creating a safe school environment for all students,
the responsibility to create a school where all students can thrive.
THE ROLE OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS
Talking with the media and community members about a school initiative that might be
controversial is a skill that most school administrators have developed. To help them speak about
Welcoming Schools remind them of what they have learned from past controversies and ensure that
they are:
Well-versed in how the goals of Welcoming Schools link to their school‘s mission and
academic goals
Prepared for specific types of concerns that may be raised
Aware of the support for Welcoming Schools work in the community
THE POWER OF PERSONAL EXPERIENCES
Welcoming Schools was developed because parents and teachers saw ways in which children were
hurt by name-calling and the invisibility of certain families in schools.
In community forums or media coverage, it is critical that the voices of local families be
included. Work with a diverse group of parents that represents a variety of families including
some combination of LGBT and non-LGBT parents, single parents, adoptive parents, etc.
Hearing from a family whose children have struggled to feel safe about being open about
their family or who have felt excluded from classroom lessons can be very powerful.
Hearing how devastating name-calling and bullying related to bias and stereotypes is also
powerful.
Include some examples of when your school has handled situations well. For example, if hurtful
name-calling was stopped or a child and their family were accepted, describe these situations and
praise the people involved. Sometimes groups of parents with concerns work with media to create
controversy related to LGBT parents or topics in schools. If this happens:
Invite these parents to speak with administration about Welcoming Schools and invite them to
review the materials.
Listen carefully to their concerns. Look for opportunities to foster dialogue in a respectful
manner.
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RESOURCES
Work to find common ground: What can we all agree is important for children? What do all
parents want for their children?
Stick with the positive. Even if others try to label the work as controversial or negative, focus
on the ways that this work helps ensure safety, respect and a welcoming school where all
children can learn.
See Responding to Concerns about Being LGBT-Inclusive for more ideas on how to respond
to questions.
Concerned parents may refer to materials that are not a part of Welcoming Schools, materials that
may be more controversial. Ensure that materials shown to the media, school boards or the school
administration really are Welcoming Schools material. (Also note that the materials in Welcoming
Schools were developed for use in many different communities. It helps to be clear where you will
start with in your community.)
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES IN THE WELCOMING SCHOOLS GUIDE
Inclusive Schools and Communities: Relevant Research
Using the Welcoming Schools Guide in the Era of No Child Left Behind
Laws and Policies that Support Welcoming Schools
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BIBLIOGRAPHIES
USING LGBT-INCLUSIVE CHILDREN‘S BOOKS AND BOOKS ABOUT
GENDER ROLES
BEFORE READING A BOOK TO YOUR CLASS
Think about whether or not reading a book with two moms or two dads is the place to start in
developing a welcoming school or whether you need to lay more groundwork in your school
community?
Consider whether you will have support from your school‘s administration if parental
concerns arise regarding LGBT topics or gender roles.
Prepare yourself to answer students‘ questions.
Discuss families with LGBT parents in the context of the range of family diversity that exists
in our schools and communities.
Look at how whether reading the book fits into school curriculum, such as:
o Social studies units on family
o Units on understanding and respecting others
o Reading and discussing diverse literature
See how the book can help meet social and emotional goals you have for your classroom,
such as:
o Building community in your classroom
o Developing student self-esteem
o Developing an awareness of diversity while at the same time understanding
commonalities between people and families
Attend or hold a professional development workshop on LGBT topics or gender in
elementary school such as the one from Welcoming Schools called Have You Ever Thought
About How You Might Respond: Practicing Responses to Students‘ and Parents‘/Guardians‘
Questions About LGBT Topics and Gender: (Introductory version or
Expanded version [PDF]).
If there are students with LGBT parents/guardians in your class or in your school, it is useful
to find out the language that they use to refer to their families to help answer other students‘
questions that may arise.
If there is a student in your class that presents their gender in a different way than their
biological sex or who strongly prefers toys and activities typically associated with the other
gender, discuss with their parents/guardians how they talk about it with their child and with
other children or adults.
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BIBLIOGRAPHIES
To prepare for discussions on gender, look at some of the books on gender and children in
the Bibliography for Educators and Parents/Guardians or check out some of the articles and
resources on gender identity and children on the Welcoming Schools website.
If there is only one student in your school who you know has LGBT parents/guardians, be
careful not to continually single him or her out as an example.
LGBT-INCLUSIVE CHILDREN‘S BOOKS*
One way to make children feel welcome in your classroom and school is to ensure that all kinds of
families are portrayed in the books that are available in the classroom and in the library. It is
important for children to see their reality reflected to them through the literature that is available and
used in classrooms. It is also important for all students to understand that while all families are
unique, they share many common values, beliefs and traditions.
The LGBT-inclusive books that we recommend for schools were chosen because:
They portray the characters in the books as just one way that families and people exist in this
world.
They do not highlight having lesbian or gay parents as an issue or a problem for the children.
They may just have ―kid appeal‖ such as stories in ―The Duke who Outlawed Jelly Beans‖ by
Johnny Valentine or ―Best, Best Colors‖ by Eric Hoffman.
There is, however, still a shortage of well-written and illustrated books that just happen to have
children with LGBT parents as characters in the book.
A NOTE ON BOOKS THAT INTRODUCE FAMILIES WITH TWO MOMS OR TWO DADS
AS AN ―ISSUE‖
Historically, many of the books written for children that include two moms or two dads have focused
on a problem that children have encountered because they have two moms or dads. Others have dealt
with issues or fears that adults or children may have with lesbian and gay people. Many of these
books are still listed on other bibliographies for children. The bibliographies in Welcoming Schools
generally do not include these kinds of books.
Books that highlight problems may actually introduce negative concepts that young children do not
already have. At the same time, these books may frighten children who have two moms or two dads
by planting the idea in their minds that other kids will tease them because of their family structure.
In the younger grades in particular, many children may ask questions of a child who has two moms
or two dads. Children have a natural curiosity about something that they are not familiar with.
However, these questions are often as simple as: ―How come you have two moms?‖ ―Is that other
man your uncle?‖ ―Is that woman your babysitter?‖ The more these matters are discussed openly and
deliberately in the classroom, the less an individual child will have to answer questions in private.
Unless children have heard disparaging remarks from other kids, through the media or at home, they
are not likely to tease a fellow kindergartner or first-grader about his or her family. Teasing about a
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BIBLIOGRAPHIES
child‘s family may arise as children get older, when their classmates have heard degrading
comments about LGBT people outside of school.
If teasing of a student with LGBT parents/guardians has already been an issue, one of the more
recent children‘s books to address this problem is In Our Mothers‘ House, by Patricia Polacco. Some
of the books for older elementary children that are included in this bibliography do raise some of the
issues that may arise for children with two moms. As students get older they can have more
discussions about what they read.
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHIES AVAILABLE THROUGH WELCOMING SCHOOLS
Books for Students Inclusive of LGBT Family Members and Characters [PDF]
All Kinds of Families [PDF] recommends books that show many different family structures
and ways that families come to be — adoptive families, multiracial families, grandparents
caring for children, single parents, two-mom or two-dad families and many others.
Looking at Gender Through Books:
o Picture books [PDF]
o Early Readers [PDF]
o Chapter Books [PDF]
o Biographies – Women [PDF]
o Biographies – Men [PDF]
o Folktales and Stories [PDF]
Books for Elementary-Age Children on Hurtful Teasing, Name-Calling and Bullying [PDF]
recommends books that look at the role of bystanders, developing empathy, ways to handle
yourself in the face of teasing and bullying, and the role of prejudices in name-calling.
An Annotated Bibliography for Educators and Parents/Guardians [PDF] includes sections on
Understanding LGBT People, LGBT Topics and Schools, Gender Identity, Gender
Stereotypes/Roles, Bullying/Name-calling and Diversity Guides.
DVDs and Videos on LGBT Topics for Digging Deeper [PDF]
* Our partnership with Two Lives Publishing makes it easy for you to build
your Welcoming Schools library, for your school or your home. Whether
you start with one book, or select a pre-bundled ―starter kit,‖ Two Lives
will donate a percentage of the sales to help support Welcoming Schools. To
learn more or to purchase books included in the Welcoming Schools
bibliography, visit www.twolives.com.
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BIBLIOGRAPHIES
OUR FAVORITES: BOOKS FOR STUDENTS INCLUSIVE OF LGBT FAMILY
MEMBERS AND CHARACTERS
PRE-K TO GRADE 2
And Tango Makes Three / Tres Con Tango, Justin Richardson
& Peter Parnell, Simon & Schuster Children‘s Publishing,
2005.
Spanish edition, Lectorum Publications, 2006 (Pre-K – 2).
Antonio‘s Card / La Tarjeta de Antonio, Rigoberto Gonzales
& Cecilia Alvarez, Children‘s Book Press, Bilingual, 2005
(1 – 4).
Best, Best Colors / Los Mejores Colores, Eric Hoffman,
Redleaf Press, Bilingual, 1999 (Pre-K – 2).
Buster‘s Sugartime, Marc Brown, Little, Brown, 2006 (K – 3).
The Different Dragon, Jennifer Bryan & Danamarie Hosler (Illustrator), Two Lives Publishing, 2006
(Pre-K – 2).
The Duke Who Outlawed Jelly Beans and Other Stories, Johnny Valentine & Lynette Schmidt (Illustrator),
Alyson Books, 2004 (Pre-K – 3).
The Family Book, Todd Parr, Megan Tingley Publisher, 2004 (Pre-K – K).
Flying Free, Jennifer C. Gregg, BookSurge, LLC, 2005 (Pre-K – 1).
In Our Mothers‘ House, Patricia Polacco, Philomel, 2009 (1 – 5).
One Dad Two Dads, Brown Dad Blue Dads, Johnny Valentine, Alyson Books, 2004 (Pre-K – 2).
Uncle Bobby‘s Wedding, Sarah S. Brannen, Putnam Juvenile, 2008 (Pre-K – 2).
GRADES 3 TO 6
Holly‘s Secret, Nancy Garden, Farrar, Straus & Girroux, 2000 (3 – 7).
The Manny Files, Christian Burch, Athenium, 2006 (4 – 6).
The Misfits, James Howe, Aladdin Library, 2003 (6 – 9).
The Skull of Truth: A Magic Shop Book. Bruce Coville & Gary A. Lippincott (Illustrator), Pocket Books,
1999 (3 – 7).
The Trouble with Babies, Martha Freeman, Holiday House, 2002 (2 – 4).
The Van Gogh Café, Cynthia Rylant, Harcourt, 2006 (3 – 7).
FOR ALL AGES
Families, Susan Kuklin, Hyperion, 2006 (K – 5).
Love Makes a Family: Portraits of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Parents and Their Families, Gigi
Kaeser (Photographer) & Peggy Gillespie, University of Massachusetts Press, 1999 (K – adult).
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BIBLIOGRAPHIES
BOOKS FOR CHILDREN HIGHLIGHTING ALL KINDS OF FAMILIES
FAMILIES
All Families Are Special, Norma Simon, Albert Whitman &
Co., 2003 (1 – 3).
The Family Book, Todd Parr, Megan Tingley Publisher, 2004
(Pre-K – K).
Hairs / Pelitos, Sandra Cisneros, Dragonfly Books, 1997
(Pre-K – 1).
The Keeping Quilt, Patricia Pollaco, Aladdin Paperbacks, 2001
(K – 3).
The Relatives Came, Cynthia Rylant, Pearson Learning, 1993
(Pre-K – 1).
Who‘s in a Family? Robert Skutch, Tricycle Press, 1997 (Pre-K – 1).
PHOTO ESSAYS ON FAMILIES
Families, Susan Kuklin.Hyperion, 2006 (K – 5).
Love Makes a Family: Portraits of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Parents and Their
Families, Gigi Kaeser (Photographer) & Peggy Gillespie, University of Massachusetts Press, 1999
(K – Adult).
Material World: A Global Family Portrait, Peter Menzel, Charles Mann & Paul Kennedy, Sierra
Club Books, 1995 (All ages).
Of Many Colors: Portraits of Multiracial Families. Peggy Gillespie & Gigi Kaeser (Photographer),
University of Massachusetts Press, 1997 (K – Adult).
ADOPTION
A Mother for Choco, Keiko Kasza, Putnam Publishing Group, 1996 (Pre-K – 1).
Through Moon and Stars and Night Skies, Ann Turner, Harper Trophy,1992 (Pre-K – 2).
We Belong Together: A Book About Adoption and Families, Todd Parr, Little, Brown Young
Readers, 2007 (PreK – 1).
The White Swan Express: A Story About Adoption, Jean Davies Okimoto & Elaine M. Aoki, Clarion
Books, 2002 (K – 3).
DIVORCE
Boundless Grace, Mary Hoffman, Puffin Books, 2000 (Pre-K – 2).
How Tia Lola Came to [Visit] Stay. Julia Alvarez, Knopf, 2001 (3 – 7).
Loon Summer, Barbara Santucci, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2001 (K – 4).
Priscilla Twice, Judith Caseley, Greenwillow Books, 1995 (K – 4).
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BIBLIOGRAPHIES
FOSTER CARE
Maybe Days: A Book for Children in Foster Care, Jennifer Wilgocki and Marcia Kahn Wright,
American Psychological Association, 2002 (K – 3).
Our Gracie Aunt, Jacqueline Woodson, Jump at the Sun, 2002 (K – 4).
Zachary‘s New Home: A Story for Foster and Adopted Children, Geraldine Molettiere Blomquist,
Paul B. Blomquist & Margo Lemieux, Magination Press, 1991.(Pre-K – 1).
GRANDPARENTS
Mei-Mei Loves the Morning, Margaret Holloway Tsubakiyama, Albert Whitman & Co., 1999
(Pre-K – 1).
Muskrat Will be Swimming, Cheryl Savageau, Tilbury House, 2006 (K – 5).
The Patchwork Quilt, Valerie Flournoy, Puffin Books, 1995 (K – 3).
HOMELESSNESS
Fly Away Home, Eve Bunting, Clarion Books, 1993 (1 – 5).
The Lady in the Box, Ann McGovern, Turtle Books, 1999 (1 – 5).
A Single Shard, Linda Sue Park, Oxford University Press, 2006 (4 – 8).
INCARCERATED PARENTS
Amber Was Brave, Essie Was Smart, Vera B. Williams, HarperTrophy, 2004 (1 – 4).
Mama Loves Me from Away, Pat Brisson, Boyds Mills Press, 2004 (1 – 3).
Visiting Day, Jacqueline Woodson, Scholastic Press, 2002 (1 – 3).
MULTIRACIAL FAMILIES
Black, White, Just Right!, Marguerite W. Davol, Albert Whitman & Co., 1993 (Pre-K – 1).
I Love Saturdays y Domingos, Alma Flor Ada, Atheneum, 2002 (K – 2).
Throwing Shadows, E.L.Konigsburg, Aladdin Paperbacks, 1998 (4 – 8).
The Two Mrs. Gibsons, Toyomi Igus, Children‘s Book Press, 2001 (Pre-K – 2).
SINGLE-PARENT FAMILIES
Because of Winn Dixie, Kate Dicamillo, Candlewick Press, 2001 (4 – 7).
Love Is a Family, Roma Downey, Regan Books, 2001 (Pre-K – 2).
Mister and Me, Kimberly Willis Holt, Putnam Juvenile, 2000 (3 – 5).
The Van Gogh Café, Cynthia Rylant, Apple, 1999 (4 – 7).
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BIBLIOGRAPHIES
SPECIAL NEEDS
Ian‘s Walk — A Story about Autism, Laurie Lears. Albert Whitman & Co., 2003 (1 – 3).
Mama Zooms, Jane Cowen-Fletcher, Scholastic, 1996 (Pre-K – K).
Rules, Cynthia Lord, Scholastic Press, 2006 (4 – 7).
Spider Sparrow, Dick King-Smith, Yearling, 2001 (3-6).
GAY OR LESBIAN PARENTS
And Tango Makes Three / Tres Con Tango, Justin Richardson & Peter Parnell, Simon & Schuster
Children‘s Publishing, 2005, Spanish ed., Lectorum Publications, 2006 (Pre-K – 2).
Antonio‘s Card / La Tarjeta de Antonio, Rigoberto Gonzales & Cecilia Alvarez, Children‘s Book
Press, Bilingual, 2005 (1 – 4).
The Different Dragon, Jennifer Bryan & Danamarie Hosler (Illustrator), Two Lives Publishing, 2006
(Pre-K – 2).
Flying Free, Jennifer C. Gregg, BookSurge, LLC, 2005 (Pre-K – 1).
My Two Uncles, Judith Vigna, Albert Whitman & Co., 1995 (4 – 5).
One Dad Two Dads, Brown Dad Blue Dads, Johnny Valentine, Alyson Books, 2004 (Pre-K – 2).
The Trouble with Babies, Martha Freeman, Holiday House, 2002 (2 – 4).
DVD/ VIDEO
That‘s a Family Debra Chasnoff and Helen Cohen,! Women‘s Educational Media, 2001 (K – adult).
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BIBLIOGRAPHIES
OUR FAVORITES: BOOKS ON FAMILIES, NAME-CALLING AND GENDER
FAMILY
All Families Are Special, Norma Simon, Albert Whitman & Co.,
2003 (1 – 3).
Families, Susan Kuklin.Hyperion, 2006 (K – 5).
The Family Book, Todd Parr, Megan Tingley Publisher, 2004 (PreK – K).
Who‘s in a Family? Robert Skutch, Tricycle Press, 1997 (Pre-K –
1).
BOOKS ABOUT HURTFUL TEASING, NAME-CALLING AND
BULLYING
Crow Boy, Taro Yashima, Diane Pub Co., 1983.
The Hundred Dresses, Eleanor Estes, Harcourt Paperbacks, 2004.
Just Kidding and Sólo Bromeando, Trudy Ludwig, Tricycle Press, 2006.
The Liberation of Gabriel King, K. L. Going, Puffin, 2007.
Muskrat Will Be Swimming, Cheryl Savageau, Tilbury House, 2006.
My Name Is Bilal, Asma Mobin-Uddin & Barbara Kiwak, Boyds Mills Press, 2005.
The New Girl … and Me, Jacqui Robbins & Matt Phelan, Atheneum/Richard Jackson Books, 2006.
One, Kathryn Otoshi, KO Kids Books, 2008.
Say Something, Peggy Moss, Tilbury House Publishers, 2004.
Teammates, Peter Golenbock, Voyager Books, 1992.
Thank You, Mr. Falker, Patricia Polacco, Philomel, 2001.
LOOKING AT GENDER: PICTURE BOOKS
Amazing Grace, Mary Hoffman, Magi Publications, 2000.
Ballerino Nate, Kimberly Brubaker Bradley, Dial Books for Young Readers, 2006.
The Different Dragon, Jennifer Bryan, Two Lives Publishing, 2006.
Drum, Chavi, Drum! / ¡Toca, Chavi, Toca!, Mayra L. Dole, Children‘s Book Press, 2003.
Kate and the Beanstalk, Mary Pope Osborne, Aladdin 2005.
The Seven Chinese Sisters, Kathy Tucker and Grace Lin, Albert Whitman & Co., 2007.
The Sissy Duckling, Harvey Fierstein, Aladdin, 2005.
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BIBLIOGRAPHIES
Story of Ferdinand, Munro Leaf, Grosset & Dunlap, 2000.
Tomboy Trouble, Sharon Dennis Wyeth, Random House for Young Readers, 1998.
LOOKING AT GENDER: CHAPTER BOOKS
The Breadwinner, Deborah Ellis. Groundwood, 2000.
The Chalk Box Kid, Clyde Robert Bulla, Random House,1987.
Pinky and Rex, James Howe, Simon & Schuster Adult Publishing Group, 1998.
Justin and the Best Biscuits in the World, Mildred Pitts Walter, Yearling, 1990.
The Manny Files, Christian Burch, Athenium, 2006.
Rickshaw Girl, Mitali Perkins, Charlesbridge, 2007.
Riding Freedom, Pam Muñoz Ryan, Blue Sky Press, 2002.
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BIBLIOGRAPHIES
A BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR EDUCATORS AND PARENTS/GUARDIANS
UNDERSTANDING LGBT PEOPLE
Families of Value: Personal Profiles of Pioneering Lesbian and Gay Parents, Robert A. Bernstein,
Marlowe and Company, 2005.
The Good Book: Reading the Bible with Mind and Heart, Peter J. Gomes, HarperSanFrancisco,
2002.
Is It a Choice? Answers to the Most Frequently Asked Questions About Gay and Lesbian People,
Eric Marcus, HarperSanFrancisco, Updated 2005.
Love Makes a Family: Portraits of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Parents and Their
Families, Peggy Gillespie (Editor) & Gigi Kaeser (Photographer), University of Massachusetts
Press, 1999. www.familydiv.org.
What If Someone I Know Is Gay?: Answers to Questions About What It Means to Be Gay and
Lesbian, Eric Marcus, Simon Pulse, Updated 2007.
LGBT TOPICS AND SCHOOLS
Gay Parents/Straight Schools: Building Communication and Trust, Virginia Casper & Steven B.
Schultz, Teachers College Press, 1999.
Sexual Orientation & School Policy: A Practical Guide for Teachers, Administrators, and
Community Activists, Ian K Macgillivray, Rowman and Littlefield Publishers Inc., 2003.
When the Drama Club is Not Enough: Lessons from the Safe Schools Program for Gay and Lesbian
Students, Jeff Perrotti & Kim Westheimer, Beacon Press., 2001.
GENDER
Boys and Girls Together: Improving Gender Relationships in K-6 Classrooms, Tamara Grogan,
Stenhouse Publishers, 2003. www.responsiveclassroom.org.
More Than a Label: Why What You Wear or Who You‘re With Doesn‘t Define Who You Are, Aisha
Muharrar, Free Spirit Publishing, 2002. www.freespirit.com.
Trans Forming Families: Real Stories About Transgendered Loved Ones, Mary Boenke (Editor),
Oak Knoll Press, 2003.
The Transgender Child: A Handbook for Families and Professionals, Stephanie Brill and Rachel
Pepper, Cleis Press, 2008.
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BIBLIOGRAPHIES
BULLYING / NAME-CALLING
The Bully-Free Classroom: Over 100 Tips and Strategies for Teachers K-8, Allan L. Beane, Free
Spirit Publishing, 2005. www.freespirit.com.
Creating Emotionally Safe Schools: A Guide for Educators and Parents, Jane Bluestein, HCI, 2001.
Empowering Bystanders in Bullying Prevention, Stan Davis, Julia Davis, Research Press, 2007.
The Respectful School: How Educators and Students Can Conquer Hate and Harassment, William
Preble & Stephen Wessler, Association for Supervision & Curriculum Development, 2003.
DVDS AND VIDEOS
It‘s Elementary: Talking About Gay Issues in School, Debra Chasnoff & Helen Cohen, Women‘s
Educational Media, DVD/VHS, 1996 (78 minutes or 38 minute-training version). Re-release in 2007
includes It‘s STILL Elementary. www.groundspark.org.
That‘s a Family! Debra Chasnoff & Helen Cohen, Women‘s Educational Media, DVD/VHS, 2000
(35 minutes). www.groundspark.org. Available in English and Spanish.
No Dumb Questions, Melissa Regan, VHS, 2003 (24 minutes). www.nodumbquestions.com, Three
young sisters struggle to understand why and how their Uncle Bill is becoming a woman.
For more extensive and annotated bibliographies for educators and parents/guardians on the
Welcoming Schools website see:
An Annotated Bibliography for Educators and Parents/Guardians [PDF]
DVDs and Videos on LGBT Topics for Digging Deeper [PDF]
P ag e | 77
APPENDICES
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES AVAILABLE
FROM WELCOMING SCHOOLS
Below is a list of the materials available in the
comprehensive Welcoming Schools Guide. Portions of
the guide are available online at
www.welcomingschools.org. For more information, or
to request the comprehensive guide, e-mail
welcomingschools@hrc.org.
FAMILY EDUCATION AND COMMUNITY BUILDING FOR YOUR SCHOOL
That‘s a Family! An Evening Family Forum
Is Your Family Like Mine? — A Panel of Parents/Guardians
Answering Children‘s Tough Questions About Families — An Evening for
Parents/Caring Adults and Educators
Family Bookbags: A School-Wide Literature and Diversity Project
CONNECTING WITH COLLEAGUES — LEARNING TOGETHER
Have You Ever Thought About How You Might Respond? Practicing Age-Appropriate
Responses to Students‘ Questions About LGBT Topics (An expanded version)
Both of My Moms‘ Names Are Judy: Children of Lesbian and Gay Parents Speak Out
Viewing It‘s Elementary: Talking About Gay Issues in School
Stereotype Confirmation: A Look at Sexual Orientation, Race and Culture
Cultivating Conversations About Differences
Viewing Out of the Past: LGBT History
Voices of Resilience, Voices of Accomplishment: Voices of LGBT People
TEACHABLE MOMENTS
Questions Students May Ask and Possible Responses About LGBT People
A Guide to Age-Appropriate Definitions for Students
Definitions About Families
Definitions of Key Words for Educators and Parents /Guardians
Can Two Women or Two Men Get Married? Responding to Students‘ Questions
Simple Ways to Incorporate Inclusive Material Across the Curriculum
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APPENDICES
CREATING A CARING COMMUNITY
A Student Survey on Name-Calling
Developing a Welcoming Classroom
LESSON PLANS: UNDERSTANDING AND RESPECTING FAMILY DIVERSITY
What Is a Family? (Grades K – 3)
Growing a Family Photo Tree (K – 2)
That‘s a Family! A Film Showing and Activities (K – 2)
Tree of Caring and Caring Community ―Family Trees‖ (1 – 3)
Family Diversity Photo Puzzle (1 – 3)
A Fairytale About Children and Diverse Families (2 – 4)
That‘s a Family! A Film Showing and Activities (3 – 5)
Family Quilt — Community Art Project (3 – 5)
Family Diversity Scavenger Hunt (4 – 5)
How Are Stereotypes of Families Reinforced? (4 – 5)
LESSON PLANS: HELPING ALL CHILDREN TO THRIVE: LOOKING AT GENDER ROLES
AND STEREOTYPING
We Are All Human Beings (Grades K – 2)
Kids Like … (K – 1)
Using Children‘s Books to Look at Gender Stereotyping (1 – 3)
Looking at Gender Stereotypes Through Fairytales (1 – 3)
The Eagle Rider: A Look at Gender and Fairytales (2 – 3)
Discussing Gender Stereotyping with Children‘s Books (4 – 5)
Fairytales for the Future, Composing a Song, Writing to an Author (4 – 5)
Media Sleuths: Examining Gender Roles in Advertising (4 – 5)
LESSON PLANS: CREATING A RESPECTFUL SCHOOL BY ADDRESSING NAME-CALLING
AND BULLYING
A Welcoming Classroom (Grades K – 2)
Words Can Hurt (K – 2)
Creating Classroom Community (1 – 4)
Words That Rip and Words That Repair (1 – 5)
Name-Calling and Feeling Safe in School (3 – 5)
Appreciating Differences & Acknowledging Stereotypes: Hot Potatoes & Bad Apples
(4-5)
I Was Just Kidding (4 – 5)
Think Before You Act (4 – 5)
Making Decisions: Ally or Bystander (4 – 5)
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APPENDICES
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHIES
All Kinds of Families
Books for Students Inclusive of LGBT Family Members and Characters
Looking at Gender through Books:
o Picture Books,
o Early Readers,
o Chapter Books,
o Biographies of Women and Biographies of Men,
o Folktales
Hurtful Teasing, Name-Calling and Bullying
Books for Educators and Parents/Guardians
Videos and DVDs on LGBT Topics for Digging Deeper
Safe School Guides with Resources for Elementary Schools
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
Supportive Resolutions: Same-Gender Parenting
Supportive Resolutions from National Health Organizations Regarding Safe Schools and
Sexual Orientation and Youth
A Look at Research on Prejudice and Stereotypes
Gender Identity and Stereotypes: Impact on Children
Legal Resources for Digging Deeper
Resources on Bullying
Resources: LGBT Parents/Guardians and Their Children
Resources on Gender Roles and Stereotypes
Resources on Gender Identity
Additional Articles on LGBT Topics
Marriage Equality Resources
Welcoming Religious Resources
Creating Community: Social and Emotional Learning Resources
Recursos en Español / Resources in Spanish
Educators Coming Out: Teaching and Being
Prominent Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender People
Webliography: Websites with Extensive Online Resources
P ag e | 80
APPENDICES
WELCOMING SCHOOLS PILOT AND EVALUATION RESULTS
―This school has always been
accepting of diverse backgrounds,
but now there is a bit more
accountability and awareness of
expectations on the part of
faculty.‖
- Teacher from a pilot site
Evaluation is a critical component of
any educational initiative. That‘s why
Welcoming Schools is being piloted
and evaluated in diverse school
districts in three different states. We
wanted to measure the experiences of
different school communities that
have implemented aspects of the
Welcoming Schools Guide. We are
happy to share with you the results of
the first year of the pilot and the
evaluation.
KEY SIGNIFICANT OUTCOMES
Pre- and post-pilot surveys of administrators and
educators found:
Positive improvement in school diversity climate.
Almost 60 percent of the educators indicated that
their school‘s climate around diversity was
different in May than it was in the prior September
Reduction in teachers‘ concerns regarding their
own lack of training or resources from 54 percent
to 30 percent
Reduction in teachers‘ fears of parental
dissatisfaction from 52 percent to 28 percent
Positive difference in believing that children of
every age could benefit from discussing gender
roles and expression and families with LGBT
parents
Twelve schools in five districts
Growth in positive intentions to address topics of
located in California, Massachusetts
diversity including families with LGBT parents and
and Minnesota are participating in a
gender roles/expression in their classrooms and
three-year, mixed-method evaluation
schools
incorporating both an in-depth
process evaluation (with qualitative
components) and a traditional
outcome evaluation (with quantitative components.) The majority of the participating schools are
urban and have student populations that are diverse in terms of race, economics and family
structure.
There are many ways to implement the contents of the Welcoming Schools Guide. The pilot
criteria did not specify a certain scope or sequence of elements that each pilot school would use.
Rather, each pilot school agreed to take part in implementing some key, core components of
Welcoming Schools. These included formation of a Welcoming Schools Task Force composed of
parents, educators and administrators; training for all school personnel; public meetings for
parents and guardians; and use of several Welcoming Schools lesson plans. Each school or school
district made decisions about how to use the Welcoming Schools Guide in a manner that met
their own needs and linked with academic standards and emotional and social learning initiatives
such as Second Step.
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APPENDICES
WHAT STUDENTS ARE PREPARED TO LEARN
―I‘m very pleased with even the informal lessons I‘ve seen in the classrooms. I‘ve seen
teachers discussing the three main parts of the program…and I can honestly say that I do
believe the kids here do understand these three components…‖
- School Administrator from a pilot site
Every school reported a positive difference in believing that students of every age could benefit
from classroom discussions about gender roles and expression and families with LGBT parents,
with a range of 2.49 – 3.94 on
a 5-point scale where 1 means
INTENTIONS TO BE MORE INCLUSIVE OF ALL
―no benefit at all‖ and 5
FORMS OF DIVERSITY – INCLUDING GENDER
means ―great deal of benefit.‖
AND LGBT PARENTS – IN THEIR
CLASSROOM/SCHOOL
In interviews and focus
groups, educators recognized
5
the importance of answering
4
students‘ questions, such as
3
the teacher who noted, ―Kids
2
like to have discussions and
1
be able to voice their opinions
PRE-SURVEY
POST-SURVEY
to adults because this could
clear up any misconceptions
children bring out.‖
In addition, the Welcoming Schools lesson plans were seen as a positive way of preparing
students for middle school. As one educator explained, ―If you are not explicit, you will not
prepare (the students) for middle school (where) victimization, raging hormones, and bigger kids
all come into play and kids can get seriously hurt, whether physical or emotions (sic)‖.
WHAT ARE EDUCATORS PREPARED TO TEACH
―The staff taught more diversity lessons during the families program than in the past years.
The lessons have had a positive effect on students' attitudes.‖
- School administrator from a pilot site
All schools reported a significant change in positive intentions to address all forms of diversity
— including gender and LGBT parents — with students. One school went from a 1.90 before the
training to a 4.98 on a 5-point scale where 1 means ―never will address and 5 means ―will
address in every way possible.
Administrator support and comfort with the program reflected not only their assessment of its
potential contribution to building a positive school climate, but also their view of its substance
and quality. In particular, they viewed the program as strong in its conceptual, developmentally
based foundation; its flexibility in allowing for teacher judgment and application of teachable
P ag e | 82
APPENDICES
moments; and the ease with which it could be integrated with ongoing curriculum and standards.
In essence, they felt that it was a program that respected teachers‘ professionalism.
OBSTACLES TO ADDRESSING LGBT TOPICS IN SCHOOL
Prior to the Welcoming Schools‘ implementation, more than half of school personnel indicated
that the primary obstacles in addressing sexual orientation in their schools was a fear of parental
dissatisfaction (52.3 percent) and their personal lack in training and resources (54.1 percent).
After implementation —
which involved,
importantly, not only
training for the school
faculty and staff, but also
community meetings with
parents and community
leaders — less than a third
of the teachers still feared
parental dissatisfaction
(28.3 percent) or were
concerned about their own
lack in training or
resources (30.4 percent).
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
PRE-SURVEY
POST-SURVEY
The Welcoming Schools
community meetings with
parents, teachers and
school staff, local clergy and other interested parties contributed greatly in establishing or
deepening the mutual trust between the parents and the schools, thus reducing the fear of parental
dissatisfaction and objections based on religious teachings when dealing with topics related to
sexual orientation. In addition, the in-service training for faculty and staff further addressed these
concerns.
LESSONS FOR FUTURE IMPLEMENTATION
As we move forward, we can draw on many important lessons from this first pilot year
evaluation. To be successful, parents and other community members in understanding and
supporting Welcoming Schools and its core messages of respect and inclusivity. Second, the preexisting climate of a school affects the implementation at every level of its process, and should
be assessed carefully when beginning this work. Third, even with several trainings and meetings
about Welcoming Schools, keeping all members of the school community engaged is an ongoing
task. And finally, educators need support to address topics that might be unfamiliar to them or
that create concerns about controversy.
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APPENDICES
BENEFITS OF THE WELCOMING SCHOOLS EVALUATION
While this summary only covers the first year of the evaluation, there are many benefits that
have already been realized. The evaluation, as a whole, documents educators‘ and communities‘
perceived need in their schools. It also presents differences in school climates and school
personnel‘s comfort in addressing all aspects of diversity with all school members.
Ultimately, the evaluation provides compelling evidence that Welcoming Schools is making a
difference in children‘s lives and the lives of their families and communities.
Dr. Laura Szalacha from the University of Illinois at Chicago coordinated the evaluation and conducted
the quantitative components. Qualitative evaluation was conducted by a team headed by Dr. Peter
Goldblum at the Pacific Graduate School of Psychology; a team headed by Dr. Suzanne Pasch from
Wheelock College; and Sheila Moriarty, M.A.
P ag e | 84
APPENDICES
DID YOU KNOW?
1) In which animated feature would you
hear the voice of someone who is gay in
a lead role?
a) Mulan
b) Finding Nemo
c) The Lion King
d) All of the above
e) None of the above
2) In which occupation might you find
someone who is LGB?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Professional football player
Member of Congress
Actor
Sheriff
All of the above
None of the above
3) Which song was written by someone who
is LGB?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
―West Side Story‖
―America the Beautiful‖
―Wake Me Up When September Ends‖
―Crocodile Rock‖
All of the above
None of the above
4) Which famous person was LGBT?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
Alexander the Great
George Washington Carver
Joan of Arc
Leonardo DaVinci
Congresswoman Barbara Jordan
All of the above
None of the above
5) In which state legislature would you find
someone who is lesbian or gay?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
Arkansas
Oklahoma
Minnesota
Arizona
Idaho
All of the above
None of the above
See list of prominent LGBT people who
maybe familiar to or interesting to
elementary age student [PDF].
6) In which professional sport/sport event
might you find someone who is gay?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
Football
Baseball
Men‘s basketball
Women‘s basketball
Boxing
Men‘s tennis
Women‘s tennis
Women‘s golf
The Olympics
All of the above
None of the above
7) Which book was written by someone
who is lesbian or gay?
a) ―Pinky and Rex‖ by James Howe
b) ―The Other Side‖ by Jacqueline
Woodson
c) ―The Little Mermaid‖ by Hans
Christian Anderson
d) ―Harriet the Spy‖ by Louise Fitzhugh
e) All of the above
f) None of the above
8) In which country would you find a
government official who is gay?
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
Brazil
New Zealand
South Africa
Japan
Germany
All of the above
None of the above
The answer for all of them is ―All of the Above.‖
1) B.D. Wong as Shang in Mulan; Ellen DeGeneres as Dory in Finding Nemo; Nathan
Lane as Timon in The Lion King. 2) Esera Tualo, David Kopay & Roy Simmons;
Barney Frank & Tammy Baldwin; Rosie O‘Donnell, George Takei, Drew Barrymore,
Angelina Jolie, Lucy Liu, etc.; Lupe Valdez of Dallas County, Texas. 3) Leonard
Bernstein, Katherine Lee Bates, Billie Joe Armstrong (of Green Day), Elton John. 4) All.
5) Arkansas – Kathy Webb, State Representative, District 37; Oklahoma – Al McAffrey
State House of Representatives, District 88; Minnesota – Paul Koering, State Senate,
District 12; Idaho – Nicole LeFavour, State House of Representatives,19th District ;
Openly gay and lesbian legislators can also be found in Alabama, California, Colorado,
Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina,
Oregon, Rhode Island, Territory of Guam, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, and
Wisconsin. 6) Esera Tualo, David Kopay & Roy Simmons; Glenn Burke & Billy Bean;
John Amaechi; Sheryl Swoopes; Emile Griffith; Bill Tilden; Martina Navratilova; Rosie
Jones; Greg Louganis and Rudy Galindo. 7) All of the books. 8) Brazil – Clodovil
Hernandes, Chamber of Deputies, São Paulo; New Zealand – Maryan Street, Member of
Parliament; South Africa – Edwin Cameron, Judge, Supreme Court of Appeal; Japan –
Aya Kamikawa, Assembly Member; Germany – Klaus Wowereit, Mayor, Berlin. Openly
gay and lesbian officials can also be found in Australia, Canada, England, Finland,
France, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Nepal, Netherlands, Norway, Scotland,
Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland.
P ag e | 85
APPENDICES
AUTHORS AND EDITORS
ORIGINAL WELCOMING SCHOOLS COMMITTEE (2004-2006):
Katharine Pillsbury, MBA; Pam Garramone, M.Ed., executive director, Greater Boston Parents,
Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays; Lucia Gates, M.A., adjunct faculty, Lesley
University, elementary school social worker; Emmy Howe, M.Ed., former Family Liaison to
LGBT Community, Cambridge Public Schools, Open View Farm Educational Center; Barbra
Morton, M.S., M.Ed., former teacher and curriculum coordinator; and Lesley Strang, M.Ed.,
early childhood educator
EDITING TEAM (2006-2009):
This team included: Aimee Gelnaw, M.S. Ed.; Emmy Howe, M.Ed.; Ruti Kadish, Ph.D.; Ellen
Kahn, M.S.S.; Katharine Pillsbury, MBA; Kim Westheimer, M.A.
From 2007-2009, Welcoming Schools was implemented in a pilot study in 13 schools under the
guidance of Dr. Laura Szalacha, Ed.D. and Kim Westheimer, M.A.
ABOUT THE HRC FOUNDATION FAMILY PROJECT
The Human Rights Campaign Foundation envisions an America where lesbian, gay, bisexual
and transgender people are ensured of their basic equal rights, and can be open, honest and safe
at home, at work and in the community. The Foundation‘s Family Project serves as a
comprehensive resource on a wide range of issues including adoption, civil unions, custody and
visitation, family law, marriage, parenting, schools, senior health and housing, state laws and
legislation, and transgender issues. The HRC Family Project works on the following initiatives:
All Children - All Families, the Healthcare Equality Index and Welcoming Schools. We are
proud to offer Welcoming Schools as a resource for educators, school administrators, and parents
as a means to addressing family diversity, gender stereotyping and name-calling, and to making
schools welcoming to all.
An Introduct ion to W elc o ming Schoo ls
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APPENDICES
WELCOMING SCHOOLS NATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD
The Welcoming Schools National Advisory Board was established in 2007. Members serve as
key advisers in the development and implementation of the Welcoming Schools program and
provide leadership in educating the broader educational community about the importance of
supporting LGBT students and families.
Vivian Carlo
Associate Professor,
Multicultural Education
Lesley University, School of Education
Fred Fuentes
Assistant Superintendent
New Bedford Public Schools
Aimee Gelnaw
Author, Trainer, Educator
Co-author, Making Room in the Circle
Kean University
Emily J. Harris
Executive Director,
The Burnham Plan Centennial
Program Director,
Chicago Metropolis 2020
Scott Hirschfield
Director of Curriculum
Anti-Defamation League
Emmy Howe
Founding Member
Welcoming Schools Committee (2004)
Dr. Sikivu Hutchinson
Senior Intergroup Specialist
Los Angeles County Human Relations
Commission
Ruti Kadish
Program Director, Social Justice Fellowship
New Israel Fund
Nicole Manganelli
Training and Curriculum Coordinator
Center for the Prevention of Hate Violence
Mary Paradise
Senior Government Relations Specialist
National Education Association
Kathy Pillsbury
Founding Member
Welcoming Schools Committee (2004)
Eric Pliner
Director, Research & Resource Center
New York City Department of Education
Douglas Robinson
Former 1st Vice President
New York City Community School Board District #2
Daniel P. Ryan
Executive Director/Principal
The Children‘s School
Graciela Slesaransky-Poe
Director, Annual Inclusion Institute
Assistant Professor, Special Education
Arcadia University
Frieda Takamura
Washington Education Association and
Co-Chair, Safe Schools Coalition
Kim Westheimer
Senior Consultant, Welcoming Schools
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APPENDICES
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
In an effort to make this guide accessible, comprehensive and user-friendly for a wide audience, we
reached out to many reviewers including educators, parents, community organizers and others.
THANKS TO THE MANY EDUCATORS WHO REVIEWED THIS GUIDE: 1
Marty Bubb, Elementary School Librarian; James Cressey, Elementary School Educator; Michael Feldstein,
Elementary School Educator; Tom Fowler-Finn, Ph.D., Superintendent, Cambridge Public Schools; Steve
Goodwin, Elementary School Principal; Richard Hanelin, Elementary School Educator; Scott Hirschfeld,
Elementary School Teacher, Anti-Defamation League; Nancy Jukins, Elementary School Principal; Bob Kim,
National Education Association; Sue Kranz, Elementary School Educator; Sue Olsen, Elementary School
Educator; Mary Paradise, Elementary School Nurse, NEA GLBT Caucus; Laura Perkins, Elementary School
Social Worker; Marilynne Quarcoo, Elementary School Principal; Jo M. Sullivan, Ph.D., Assistant
Superintendent, Malden Public Schools; Frieda Takamura, Washington Education Association; Tanieka Taylor,
Elementary School Teacher, Gender PAC; Christopher Trombly, Elementary School Principal; Deborah Watters,
Curriculum Coordinator.
TO THE MANY OTHERS WHO REVIEWED THIS GUIDE:
Allison Bauer, Family Equality Council; Mary Ann Bradley, aMaze; Jennifer Chrisler, Family Equality Council;
Mike Courville, Respect for All Project; Meredith Fenton, COLAGE; Gretchen Frasier; Sean Haley; Judy Hoff,
PFLAG; Arlene Istar Lev, Choices Counseling and Consulting; Beth Reis, Safe Schools Coalition; Meg Soens;
Jim Vetter, Open Circle; Brooke Weiss, GLSEN; Suzanne Arnold and Shelly Zion, National Center for Culturally
Responsive Educational Systems
AND TO THOSE WHO PROVIDED EDITORIAL GUIDANCE AND CONTRIBUTED TO THE
PRODUCTION OF THIS PUBLICATION:
Alison Delpercio, Lynn Htun, Janice Hughes, Casey Katims, Carolyn Simon, Sarah Streyle, Lindsey Taylor
and Peter Weiss
IN ADDITION, WE SOUGHT INPUT FROM EDUCATORS AND PARENT ACTIVISTS REGARDING
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT. FOR THEIR INPUT AND ENCOURAGEMENT, WE ARE
THANKFUL TO:
John Furey, Beverly D‘Andrea, Michele Lowy, Susan Becker, Chelo Keys, Elementary School Educators, Rand
School; Robin Cooley, Elementary School Educator; Rev. David M. Horst, First Parish in Malden; Tania
Morales; Arielle Rosen, L.A. Gay & Lesbian Center; Rick King; Vivian Carlo, Ed.D., Associate Professor,
School of Education, Lesley University; Terry Boggis, Center Kids; Eric Manke, Former Director, California Safe
Schools Coalition.; Judy Logan, retired teacher, San Francisco Public Schools.
P ag e | 88
APPENDICES
WE ACKNOWLEDGE THE WORK OF OUR COLLEAGUES IN MYRIAD PROJECTS ALONG THE WAY
THAT HAVE BOTH MOVED THE DIALOGUE FURTHER AND PROVIDED INSPIRATION FOR OUR
WORK. THANKS TO THESE ORGANIZATIONS:
aMaze, COLAGE, Equity Committee of the Toronto District School Board and Elementary Teachers of Toronto,
Family Diversity Projects, Family Equality Council, GALE BC, GLSEN (Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education
Network), GLSEN Boston, Greater Boston PFLAG (Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays),
Lesbian and Gay Parents Association of Buena Vista, National Education Association, National Gay and Lesbian
Task Force, National SEED Project on Inclusive Curriculum, No Name-Calling Week, Outreach Program for
Children with Gender-Variant Behaviors and their Families, PFLAG National (Parents, Families and Friends of
Lesbians and Gays), Respect For All Project — GroundSpark, Rethinking Schools, Safe Schools Coalition,
Teaching Tolerance, Welcoming Schools Project of the Cambridge Public Schools, Wellesley Centers: Center for
Research on Women, Wellesley Centers for Women Project on Teasing and Bullying, Zervas Elementary School
Respect for Human Differences Committee.
WE WANT TO RECOGNIZE THE DEDICATION OF SCHOOLS AND DISTRICTS THAT PILOTED THE
WELCOMING SCHOOLS GUIDE, IN PARTNERSHIP WITH COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS. THESE
DISTRICTS AND ORGANIZATIONS INCLUDE:
Minneapolis Public Schools, New Bedford Public Schools, the Oakland Unified Schools District, The San
Francisco Unified School District, Groundspark, Our Family Coalition, Rainbow Families.
The entire Welcoming Schools team offers a very special thanks to Kathy Pillsbury, who has
steadfastly and passionately shepherded this project along, and who continues to commit many
hours each week to see that the dream of Welcoming Schools becomes a reality for all of our
children.
1
Organizations are named for identification purposes only.
P ag e | 89
APPENDICES
END NOTES
1 C.J. Pyszkowski (1987), cited in C. Patterson (1992), ―Children of Lesbian and Gay Parents,‖ Child Development, 63 (pp. 1021-1042).
2 K. F.Osterman (2000). Students‘ need for belonging in the school community. Review of Educational Research, 70(3), 323-367.
3 A. Bryk & M. Driscoll, ―The High School as Community: Contextual Influences and Consequences for Students and Teachers,‖ National Center on Effective Secondary Schools, 1988. D. Solomon, V.
Battistich, M. Watson, E. Schaps, & C. Lewis, ―A Six-District Study of Educational Change: Direct and Mediated Effects of the Child Development Project,‖ Social Psychology of Education, 2000 (pp.
3–51). As cited in: Eric Schaps, National Association of Elementary School Principals, ―Building Community: The Neglected Element in School Renewal,‖ September 2000. Available at:
http://www.devstu.org/about/articles/building_community.html.
4 Eric Schaps, V. Battistich & D. Solomon, ―School as a Caring Community: A Key to Character Education,‖ in A. Molnar (Editor), The Construction of Children‘s Character, Part II, 96th Yearbook of
the National Society for the Study of Education, 1997. D. Solomon, V. Battistich, M. Watson, E. Schaps, & C. Lewis, ―A Six-District Study of Educational Change: Direct and Mediated Effects of the
Child Development Project,‖ Social Psychology of Education, 2000 (pp. 3–51). As cited in: Eric Schaps, Educational Leadership, Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, The Heart
of a Caring School, March 2003 (pp. 31–33). See: http://www.devstu.org/about/articles/heart_of_caring_school.html
5 Harris Interactive & GLSEN, ―From Teasing to Torment: School Climate in America, A Survey of Students and Teachers,‖ 2005 (retrieved April 5, 2007), (p. 7). Available at:
http://www.glsen.org/binary-data/GLSEN_ATTACHMENTS/file/500-1.pdf
6 Judith Bradford, Kirsten Barrett & Julie A. Honnold, ―2000 Census and Same-Sex Households: A User‘s Guide,‖ National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, October 2002 (p. 4). Available at:
http://www.thetaskforce.org/reports_and_research/census_full
7 Sean Cahill, Mitra Ellen & Sarah Tobias, ―Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Parents and Their Children,‖ Family Policy: Issues Affecting Lesbian, gay, bisexual and
transgender Families, National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, Jan. 22, 2003. Available at:
http://www.thetaskforce.org/reports_and_research/family_policy
.
8 J. Cianciotto, ―Hispanic and Latino Same-Sex Couple Households in the United States: A Report from the 2000 Census,‖ National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Policy Institute and the
National Latino/a Coalition for Justice, 2005. Available at:
http://www.thetaskforce.org/reports_and_research/HispanicLatino_households
9 Gary Gates & Bradley Sears, ―Black Same-Sex Couples in California,‖ Williams Project at the University of California — Los Angeles School of Law, September 2005. Available at:
http://www.law.ucla.edu/williamsinstitute/publications/AfricanAmericanReport.pdf
10 U.S. Department of Education, ―Early Warning, Timely Response: A Guide to Safe Schools, ‖ 1998. Available at
http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/osers/osep/gtss.html
.
11 Joseph A. Dake, James H. Price & Susan K. Telljohann, ―The Nature and Extent of Bullying at School,‖ Journal of School Health, May 2003 (pp.173 – 180). The data showed that
bystanders were present 90 percent of the time, and intervened: 20 percent of the time. The students who intervened were able to stop the bullying two-thirds of the time.
12 Massachusetts Department of Education, ―2005 Massachusetts Youth Risk Behavior Survey,‖ January 2007 (p. 42). Available at:
www.doe.mass.edu/cnp/hprograms/yrbs/05
.
13 A. S. Wells & R.L. Crain, ―Perpetuation Theory and the Long-Term Effects of School Desegregation,‖ Review of Educational Research, 1994 (pp.531-555)
14 Carol Goodenow, Laura Szalacha & Kim Westheimer, ―School Support Groups, Other School Factors and the Safety of Sexual Minority Adolescents,‖ Psychology in the Schools, 2006
(pp. 573-589).
15 U.S. Department of Education, ―Early Warning, Timely Response: A Guide to Safe Schools, ‖ 1998. Available at
http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/osers/osep/gtss.html
.
16 Joseph A. Dake, James H. Price & Susan K. Telljohann, ―The Nature and Extent of Bullying at School,‖ Journal of School Health, May 2003 (pp. 173 – 180).
17 Rose M. Kreider, U.S. Census Bureau, ―Living Arrangements of Children: 2004,‖ Current Population Reports, February 2008 (p. 7). Available at:
http://www.census.gov/prod/2008pubs/p70-114.pdf
18 Rose M. Kreider, U.S. Census Bureau, ―Living Arrangements of Children: 2004,‖ Current Population Reports, February 2008 (p. 12). Available at:
19 Women‘s Educational Media, ―That‘s a Family! Statistics on U.S. Families.‖ Available at: http://www.groundspark.org/press/thatfamily_kit/taf_statistics_kit.html . As cited by Jane
Fritsch in The New York Times, May 20, 2001.
20 U.S. Census Bureau, ―Facts for Features: Special Edition: National Adoption Month,‖ September 20, 2004. Available at:
www.census.gov/Press-
Release/www/releases/archives/facts_for_features_special_editions/002683.html
21 Rose M. Kreider, U.S. Census Bureau, ―Living Arrangements of Children: 2004,‖ Current Population Reports, February 2008 ( (p. 10). Available at:
22 Gary Gates & Bradley Sears, Williams Project at the University of California, Los Angeles, School of Law, ―Black Same-Sex Couples in California,‖ September 2005. Available at:
www.law.ucla.edu/williamsinstitute/publications/AfricanAmericanReport.pdf
.
23 Jason Cianciotto, National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Policy Institute & the National Latino/a Coalition for Justice, ―Hispanic and Latino Same-Sex Couple Households in the United
States: A Report from the 2000 Census,‖ 2005 (p. 52). Available at:
http://www.thetaskforce.org/reports_and_research/HispanicLatino_households
24 Judith Bradford, Kirsten Barrett & Julie A Honnold, National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, ―2000 Census and Same-Sex Households: A User‘s Guide,‖ October 2002 (p.4) Available at:
http://www.thetaskforce.org/reports_and_research/census_full
25 Sean Cahill, Mitra Ellen & Sarah Tobias, ―Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Parents and Their Children,‖ excerpt from Family Policy: Issues Affecting Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual
and Transgender Families, National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, Jan. 22, 2003. Available at:
http://www.thetaskforce.org/reports_and_research/family_policy
26 G.V. Caprara, C. Barbaranelli, C. Patorelli, A. Bandura & P. Zimbardo, ―Prosocial Foundations of Children‘s Academic Achievement,‖ PsychologicalScience, 2000 (pp.302-306)
27 SAMHSA‘s National Mental Health Information Center, ―Take Action Against Bullying.‖ 2003. See
http://mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/publications/allpubs/SVP-0056/
P ag e | 90
APPENDICES
28 K. F. Osterman (2000). Students‘ need for belonging in the school community. Review of Educational Research 70(3), (pp. 323-367)
29 A. Bryk & M. Driscoll, ―The High School as Community: Contextual Influences and Consequences for Students and Teachers,‖ National Center on Effective Secondary Schools, 1988. D.
Solomon, V. Battistich, M. Watson, E. Schaps, & C. Lewis, ―A Six-District Study of Educational Change: Direct and Mediated Effects of the Child Development Project,‖ Social Psychology of
Education, 2000 (pp. 3–51). As cited in: Eric Schaps, National Association of Elementary School Principals, ―Building Community: The Neglected Element in School Renewal,‖ September
2000. Available at: http://www.devstu.org/about/articles/building_community.html
30 Joseph A. Dake, James H. Price & Susan K. Tellijohann, ―The Nature and Extent of Bullying at School‖ Journal of Schools Health, May 2003 (pp. 173-180)
31 Nalini Ambady, et. Al., ―Stereotype Susceptibility in Children: Effects of Identity Activation on Quantitative Performance,‖ Psychological Science, available at:
http://www.atkinson.yorku.ca/~jsteele/files/1467-9280.00371.pdf
32 Jennifer Wainright, Stephen Russell & Charlotte Patterson, ―Psychosocial Adjustment, School Outcomes and Romantic Relationships of Adolescents with Same-Sex Parents,‖ Child
Development, November/December 2004 (pp. 1886-1898).
33 Joseph A. Drake, James H. Price & Susan K. Telljohann, ―The Nature and Extent of Bullying at School,‖ Journal of School Health, May 2003 (pp. 173-180)
34 Beth Reis & Elizabeth Saewyc, Safe Schools Coalition of Washington, ―83,000 Youth: Selected Findings of Eight Population Based Studies,‖ 1999 (p.7) Available at:
http://www.safeschoolscoalition.org/83000youth.pdf
35 V. Paul Poteat and Dorothy L. Espelage , ―Predicting Psychosocial Consequences of Homophobic Victimization in Middle School Students,‖ The Journal of Early Adolescence (May 2007;
Vol. 27, No. 2; pp.175 -191). Summary at:
www.newswise.com/articles/view/533980/
.
36 Michael S. Kimmel & Matthew Mahler, ―Adolescent Masculinity, Homophobia and Violence: Random School Shootings, 1982-2001,‖ American Behavioral Scientist, June 2003 (pp.
1439-1458).
37 National Standards for English Language Arts. Available at:
www.ncte.org/standards
38 National Council for Social Studies Curriculum Standards. Available at:
.
www.socialstudies.org/standards/strands.
39 Illinois School Code (§ 105 ILCS 5/27-23.6), Anti-bias education. Available at:
www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs4.asp?DocName=010500050HArt%2E+27&ActID=1005&ChapAct=105%26nbsp%3BILCS%26nbsp%3B5%2F&ChapterID=17&ChapterName
=SCHOOLS&SectionID=49363&SeqStart=143900000&SeqEnd=150000000&ActName=School+Code%2E
.
40 Oregon Department of Education, Division 22, Standards for Public Elementary and Secondary Schools Administrative rule 581-022-1020, State Goals for Elementary and Secondary
Education. Available at:
http://arcweb.sos.state.or.us/rules/OARS_500/OAR_581/581_022.html
41 Eric Schaps, Principal, National Association of Elementary School Principals, ―Building Community: The Neglected Element in School Renewal,‖ September 2000. Available at:
http://www.devstu.org/about/articles/building_community.html
42 Karen Osterman, ―Students‘ Need for Belonging in the School Community,‖ Review of Educational Research, American Educational Research Association, 2000 (p. 359).
43 C.J. Pyszkowski (1987), cited in C. Patterson, ―Children of Lesbian and Gay Parents,‖ Child Development, 1992 (pp. 1021-1042).
44 G.V. Caprara, C. Barbaranelli, C. Patorelli, A. Bandura & P. Zimbardo, ―Prosocial Foundations of Children‘s Academic Achievement,‖ PsychologicalScience, 2000 (pp.302-306)
45 The Associated Press, ―Some Illinois Parents Left Cold by Gay-Penguin Book,‖ Nov. 19, 2006. Available at:
www.firstamendmentcenter.org//news.aspx?id=17802
46 Karen Osterman, ―Students‘ Need for Belonging in the School Community,‖ Review of Educational Research, American Educational Research Association, 2000 (p. 359).
47 Studies cited in: Patricia Ramsey, Teaching and Learning in a Diverse World, 2004 (p. 80).
48 Sabrina Zirkel, ―Is There a Place for Me? Role Models and Academic Identity Among White Students and Students of Color,‖ Teachers College Record, 2002 (p. 357-376). Available at:
www.tcrecord.org. ID Number: 10832
.
49 Board of Education, Island Trees Union Free School District No. 26 v. Pico, 457 U.S. 853, 102 S.Ct. 2799, 73 L.Ed.2d 435 (1982). American Library Association, Notable First Amendment
Court Cases. Available at:
www.ala.org/ala/aboutala/offices/oif/firstamendment/courtcases/courtcases.cfm
.
50 ―Ethical Standards for School Counselors,‖ adopted by the ASCA Delegate Assembly, March 19,1984, revised March 27, 1992, June 25, 1998 and June 26, 2004. Amercian School
Counselor Association.
http://www.schoolcounselor.org/content.asp?pl=325&sl=127&contentid=173
51 American Federation of Teachers 2002.
www.aft.org/about/resolutions/index.htm.
52 ―What We Believe: Positions of the ASCD: Living with and Educating About Our Deepest Differences,‖ 2002 and Adopted Extension. Association for Supervision and Curriculum
Development. 2003.
http://www.ascd.org/news_media/ASCD_Policy_Positions/All_Adopted_Positions.aspx#living_with
53 Excerpts from the National Association of Elementary School Principals Platform, 1982, 1992, 2000. Available at:
http://www.naesp.org/Platform.aspx
54 Excerpts from the National Association of Elementary School Principals Platform m, 1977, 1981, 1988, 1989, 1990, 2000, 2005. Available at:
http://www.naesp.org/Platform.aspx
55 ―Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Position Statement,‖ National Assocation of School Nurses. 2003. Available at: http://www.nasn.org/Default.aspx?tabid=194.
56 Position Statement on Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender and Questioning Youth. National Association of School Psychologists. 2006. Available at:
www.nasponline.org/about_nasp/pospaper_glb.aspx
.
57 Resolution on Strengthening Teacher Knowledge of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Issues, 2007. National Council of Teachers of English. Available at:
www.ncte.org/positions/statements/teacherknowledgelgbt
P ag e | 91
APPENDICES
58 ―C-26. Safe and Orderly School Climates and Communities,‖ NEA Resolutions 2007-2008. 2008 NEA Handbook. National Education Association. 2008. (p. 254). Available at:
http://www.nea.org/assets/docs/resolutions.pdf/
59 ―B-11. Racism, Sexism, Sexual Orientation, and Gender Identification Discrimination,‖ NEA Resolutions 2007-2008. 2008 NEA Handbook. National Education Association. 2008. (p. 218).
Available at:
http://www.nea.org/assets/docs/resolutions.pdf
60 Citizenship and Equality, December 2002. National Parent Teacher Association. http://www.pta.org/individual_position_statements.asp.
61 Beliefs & Policies of the National School Boards Association: Article II, Section 3.2-3: Commitment to Diversity and Equity, National School Boards Association .As amended March
28,2008. (p.13). Available at:
http://www.nsba.org/FunctionNav/AboutNSBA/NSBAGovernance/BeliefsandPolicies.aspx
.
62 ―Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Questioning Youth Resolution,‖ School Social Work Association of America. 2001-2002.
http://www.sswaa.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=105:gay-lesbian-bisexual-and-questioning-youth&catid=48:position-statements&Itemid=108
.
63 Knox County Board of Education, Knoxville, Tenn., ―Student Policy on Harassment, Intimidation and Bullying.‖ Revised July 2006. Available at:
http://board.knoxschools.org/modules/groups/homepagefiles/cms/443879/File/policymanual/policy%20manual/j/JCADA.pdf?sessionid=358c4032cee5a79bbba83479dce55b30
.
64 Sunnyside Unified School District Tucson, Ariz., ―Non-Discrimination/Equal Opportunity.‖ Available at: http://www.sunnysideud.k12.az.us/nondiscrimination-equal-opportunity.
65 L.W. v. Toms River Regional Schools Board of Education (A-111-05), C.J. ZAZZALI, writing for a unanimous New Jersey Supreme Court. Decided Feb. 21, 2007. Available at:
http://lawlibrary.rutgers.edu/decisions/supreme/a-111-05.doc.html.
66 ―The Cost of Harassment,‖ Theno v. Tonganoxie Unified School Dist. No. 464, 2005 WL 3434016, (D. Kan. 2005).
P ag e | 92
March 20, 2009
Human Rights Campaign Foundation
P a g e |1

An Introduction to Welcoming Schools

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