scientific report 2013 - ICPE-CA

Transcription

SCIENTIFIC REPORT 2013
2013 | scientific rEport | PAGE 2
FOREWORD
The year 2013 has passed very quickly, measured in our own ICPE-CA’s time. It is somehow in
contradiction with overall expectation, but this accelerated transition of ICPE-CA’s time was determined by
the effervescence of our internal life. It was the year in which the ICPE-CA team excellence developed in
the previous years gave the first results: we are now aware of the value of our business vector to market
and economy value. This orientation could best describe us if we follow the new topics of our National Core
Programme and the commitment of our project responsibles, together with established groups, are aimed to
achieve the objectives. There are projects with high scientific potential and medium-term encouraging economic
prospects, but also topics whose accomplishment will be the basis of market successes. Thus, we believe that
our National Core Programme is certainly a starting point for bold researches and the beginning of competitive
products on the market. Of course, all these topics belong to the main areas of our excellence: advanced materials,
micro- and nanotechnologies, energy efficiency in conversion and consumption. This last area was strengthened
by the contribution of our new colleagues, transferred temporarily from IPCUP Ploieşti, which by their skills in
complementary fields, have provided the synergy much desired in our multidisciplinary researches.
2013 is the year of the vision of our future development in full agreement with the medium and long term
strategy of ICPE-CA. Our project having the acronym “PROMIT” within SOP-IEC Programme, completed in
2012, was prepared for a future edition, also successfully, so this year we can enjoy of other project having the
acronym “PROMETEU” within SOP-IEC Programme, which develops rapidly new laboratories and upgrading
the laboratories already existing. The center of gravity of the flame is now on laboratories working in the field
of energy. Completion of the project will generate new capabilities of our institute.
If we look from the perspective of this year to 2013, we could admire the work of colleagues in promoting
new projects, from NPRDI II (National Programme for R&D&I) or other national and international
Programmes, of which we must mention: STAR (Space Technology and Advanced Research) Programme, Clean
Sky (Aeronautical Research) Programme, ESA (European Space Agency) Programme, SEE (South East Europe
Transnational Cooperation Programme), EEA (European Economic Area) Research Programme, CEA - RO
(Atomic Energy Commission) and others.
An important achievement of the last year, announced by us in 2012, is signing the contract with FAIR
GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany, for the execution of some proficient electromagnets and particular current sources.
From the end of 2013 the contract is ongoing, providing us income of about 4 ME. There is not only one effect:
we expect at involvement in international well-known consortia leading to similar achievements.
In 2013 contracts with trade companies increased in value; our colleagues from Laboratory for
Electromagnetic Compatibility have brought a great contribution by a technical work for electromagnetic
isolation of five laboratories from Institute of Atomic Physics (IFA).
Awarding in 2013 by AGIR (General Association of the Engineers in Romania) President with the prize
in the “Materials” field for industrial assimilation of a product, respectively the technology for biocompatible
ceramics, used at bone corrections, rewarded our efforts in transfer of knowledge in industry.
We have entered in 2014 with optimism, the year in which we would like to put in practical applications
some scientific results from the past and to prepare whose to come.
Dear colleagues, employees or colleagues transfer temporarily, thank you for what you have created in
2013. Together we must express our gratitude to all our partners who helped us in our research achievements.
In 2013 we were pleased to welcome the prestigious guests from home and abroad.
I thank to those who prepared this report; I also thank the members of the Administrative Council Board,
with whom I drafted and approved our strategy, have promoted it and have monitored it; I also thank to the
ICPE-CA Scientific Council. Not finally, I thank to the members of the Directory Board, with whom I assured
the daily coordination of the ICPE-CA efforts.
Bucharest, March 14, 2014
Wilhelm Kappel
General Director
SCIENTIFIC REPORT 2013
Content
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Foreword
The institute in brief
General information
Management structure Departments / Laboratories / Services / Offices
Our expertise
NATIONAL PROJECTS
MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS WITH APPLICATIONS IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Direct laser printing of polymer-graphene composites
(POLYGRAPH)
Financing: National Programme of Research,
Development and Innovation - PNCDI II, contract no.
146/2012 (7091/2012)
Head of the project: Dr. Eng. Ion Ioana, CS III
Thermo-insulating coatings with ceramic “microspheres”
Financing: NUCLEU Programme, contract no. PN-0935-02-03 (5203/2009)
Head of the project: Eng. Velciu Georgeta, IDT I Composite materials with performant mechanical
properties
Financing: NUCLEU Programme, contract no. 09355103/2009
Head of the project: Eng. Florentina Albu, CS
Deputy head of the project:
Dr. Eng. Magdalena Lungu, CS II
Eng. Cristian Șeitan, IDT I
Dr. Eng. Eros Pătroi, CS II
Dr. Eng. Adela Băra, CS II
Dr. Eng. Mihai Bădic, CS I, Head of Laboratory for
Electromagnetic Compatibility
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D
evelopment of new materials and devices for controlled drug delivery with applications
in biomedical engineering
Financing: NUCLEU Programme, contract no. 0935/5301/2009
Head of the project: Eng. Christu Ţârdei, CS III Rationally designed coordination polymers as precursors for oxide nanomaterials
Financing: CNCS – UEFISCDI, project no. PN-II-RU-TE-2012-3-0390 (4297/2013)
Head of the project: Dr. Chem. Carmen Ştefănescu (Paraschiv), CS III
Cables for medium tension based on radiation processed polyamide materials
Financing: National Programme of Research, Development and Innovation - PNCDI II,
contract no. 37 / 2012 (7086 / 2012)
Head of the project: Dr. Chem. Traian Zaharescu, CS I 72
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BIOMATERIALS
Intelligent system for the analysis and diagnosis of collagen-based artefacts
(COLLAGE)
Financing: National Programme of Research, Development and Innovation – PNCDI
II, contract no. 224/2012 (7092 / 2012)
Head of the project: Dr. Chem. Petru Budrugeac, CS I, Head of the Laboratory for
Evaluation of Thermal Behavior of Products and Materials
ENERGY
Power generation system which uses a double - effect wind turbine in order to
ensure the energy autonomy in specific applications
Financing: National Programme of Research, Development and Innovation - PNCDI II
- Partnership, contract no. 39/2012 (4285/2012)
Head of the project: Dr. Eng. Sergiu Nicolaie, IDT I, Head of Department for
Efficiency in Conversion and Consumption of Energy
Design and sizing of a kinetic energy storage system working on flywheel principle. System modelling - optimization of the component elements
Financing: NUCLEU Programme, contract no. PN 09-35 0201 (5201/2009)
Head of the project: Dr. Eng. Ionel Chiriţă, IDT II
Growing of the efficiency of technological equipments and processes for energy
conversion from regenerative resources. Designing of the FA100 ultralight water
well drilling rig, fabrication and experimentation of the prototype of the FA100
ultralight water well drilling rig
Financing: NUCLEU Programme, contract no. PN 09350201/2009 (5201/2009)
Head of the project: Eng. Sorin Alexandru Fica, CS II
Experiencing the functional model of thermochemical energy storage facility.
Determination of the capacity and yield storage for at least three systems of material
Financing: NUCLEU Programme, contract no. PN 09350201 (5201 / 2009)
Head of the project: Dr.Eng. Mariana Lucaci, CS I, Head of Department for
Advanced Materials
Energy optimization of lightning systems
Financing: NUCLEU Programme, contract no. PN 09350201 / 2009 (5201 / 2009)
Head of the project: PhDs Eng. Andreea Mituleţ, ACS Electrical machines with increased efficiency, by using advanced technical solutions
based on the predetermination of the magnetic properties of sheets
Financing: National Programme of Research, Development and Innovation - PNCDI II, contract no. 32 /2012 (7093/2012)
Head of the project: Dr. Eng. Phys. Eros Pătroi, CS II
Increase efficiency and equipment process technology for conversion of energy from
renewable resources. The theoretical bases of operation of the heat pump. System
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design, flow calculation, thermal calculation and sizing of heating and domestic hot
water heat pump using soil energy
Head of the project: Eng. Adrian Dobre, IDT II Literature review regarding energy issues in osmotic processes. Chemical modification
of semipermeable membranes type thin film composite and exchange cation/anion
membranes-experimental trials. Experimental trials of 3D nanopatterning on in house
polymeric membrane/ conductive substrates by SEM-FEB/AFM methods
Head of the project: Dr. Eng. Gabriela Hristea, CS I
Concept and design of a biogas reactor 10 m3 volume and flow 350 l/day
Head of the project: PhDs Eng. Nicolae Tănase, ACS
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ENVIRONMENT
Device for CO2 detection and retention
Financing: NUCLEU Programme, contract no. 09350303/ 2009 (5303/2009)
Head of the project: Dr. Eng. Cristina Banciu, CS III
APPLICATIONS IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Modelling and procedures for the preparation of the manufacturing, assembling and
testing processes of the magnets for FAIR project
Financing: NUCLEU Programme, contract no. PN 09-35 01-02 (5102 / 2012)
Head of the project: Dr. Eng. Ionel Chiriţă, IDT II
Micro Electro-Mechanical Components and Systems (MEMS) developed by specific
technologies with applications in medicine, micro fluidics and micro electrical machines
and micro – actuators execution
Financing: NUCLEU Programme, contract no. PN 09-35-01-01 (5101/2009)
Head of the project: PhDs Eng. Marius Popa, CS III
Power supply system for EHD motor
Financing: NUCLEU Programme, contract no. PN 09-35-01-01/2009 (5101/2009)
Head of the project: PhDs Eng. Alexandru – Laurenţiu Cătănescu, CS A new low voltage contactor with vacuum commutation, of compact type
contract no. 34 (7090)/2012
Head of the project: Dr. Eng. Violeta Tsakiris, CS II ESD garments realized from fibres with conductive cores bilayer knitted
contract no. 179/2012 (7089/2012)
Head of the project: Eng. Gabriela Telipan, IDT I Flammable and toxic gas detector based on MOS sensor array on silicon carbide (SIC GAS)
contract no. 204/2012 (4284/2012)
Head of the project: Dr. Phys. Jenica Neamţu, CS I High temperature intelligent Sensor with silicon carbide (SiC) diodes for industrial
applications in harsh environments (SiC SET)
contract no. 21/ 2012 (7088/2012)
Head of the project: Dr. Phys. Jenica Neamţu, CS I
Permanent magnets with low rare earth content
Financing: NUCLEU Programme, contract no. 0935-5103/2009; Joint Cooperation Programme ICPE-CA, Bucharest, Romania – JINR, Dubna, Russia, contract no. 32/2013 (04-4-1069-2009/2014); CAPACITIES Programme – Module III – Joint
Cooperation Programme Romania – Republic of Moldova, contract no. 4298/2013
STORM; CAPACITIES Programme – Module III – Joint Cooperation Programme Romania
– Republic of China, contract no. 4294/2013
Head of the project: Dr. Eng. Phys. Eros Alexandru Pătroi, CS II 100
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agnetic nanofluids and magnetisable fluids as nano- micro- composites with high
magnetisation: Applications in rotating sealing at high pressures and hard working
conditions and in control magnetorheologic devices
contract no. 156 (7087)/2012
Head of the project: Dr. Eng. Chem. Traian Zaharescu, CS I
Advanced composite structures for aerospace applications
Financing: Research-Development-Innovation for Space Technology and Advanced
Research Programme - STAR, contract 9 / 2012 (7094/2012)
Head of the project: Dr. Eng. Adela Băra, CS II
SERVICes Complex characterization of collagen-based materials, using the methods of thermal
analysis and other advanced techniques
contract no. 16/2011 (4280/2011)
Head of the project: Dr.Chem. Andrei Cucoş, CS III Scientific and Technology Park „International Green Innovation Park” – a new
organizational model to incubation and support of innovative companies
Administrator: Prof. Dr. Phys. Wilhelm Kappel, CS I, General Director of
INCDIE ICPE‑CA
Executive Director: Dr. Eng. Gimi A. Rîmbu, CS I
Analysis Renergy Rating: The involvement of Community
Financing: Renergy Programme - Regional strategies for energy efficient
communities, contract no. 71 / 4.01.2013 (1069/2013)
Project responsible: Eng. Alecușan Florin Vasile
Services for execution of three phase high speed induction motors
Beneficiary: MICROFIR Tehnologii Industriale SRL - Republica Moldova (MICROFIR
Industrial Technologies – Moldova)
Head of the project: Dr. Eng. Popescu Mihail, IDT II
Selective recycling of electronic waste
Financing: Sectoral Operational Programme “Increase of Economic Competitiveness”
POS, Priority Axis 2: Research, Technological Development and Innovation for
Competitiveness, Key Area of Intervention 2.3. - Access to RDI activities of
enterprises (especially SMEs), Operation 2.3.3: Promoting innovation in enterprises,
contract 460/03.04.2013 (1070/2013)
Head of the project: Dr. Eng. Alina Ruxandra Caramitu, IDT I
Determination of physical, chemical and micro-mechanical properties of powders
Contract no. 1071/2013
Beneficiary: SC ALL GREEN SRL
Contract responsible: Dr. Eng. Alina Ruxandra Caramitu, IDT I 129
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INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS
Mini-supercapacitors technology based on hybrid CNT/CNF - electroactive polymer
networks
Financing: MNT ERA-NET Programme, contract no. 7-053/2012 (4282/2012)
Head of the project: Dr. Eng. Adela Băra, CS II
Research and development of new functionalities for sports and health garments
Financing: National Programme of Research, Development and Innovation - PNCDI
II – Partnership in priority areas, contract CROSS TEXNET - PN-7-041/2011 (7080)
Project responsible: Dr. Eng. Gabriela Hristea, CS I
Renergy - Regional strategies for energy efficient communities
Financing: service contract no. 1068/2012
Project responsible: Eng. Ion Ivan, IDT I, Director CTT ICPE-CA 152
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Transnational Cooperation Programme South-East Europe
Promotion of Financing Innovation in South-East Europe – PROFIS
Financing: Transnational Cooperation Programme SEE, contract SEE/D/0233/1.2/X –
PROFIS
Head of the project: Eng. Ion Ivan, IDT I, Director CTT ICPE-CA 160
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oint Operational Programme “BLACK SEA BASIN 2007-2013”
Integrated Hotspots Management and Saving the Living Black Sea Ecosystem HOT
BLACK SEA
Financing: Joint Operational Programme “BLACK SEA BASIN 2007-2013”, contract
MIS-ETC 2303/2013
Head of the project: Dr. Eng. Georgeta Alecu, CS I, Head of Office for Management
of Quality-Environment
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omania-Bulgaria Cross-Border Cooperation Programme 2007-2013
REACT - Integrated system for dynamic monitoring and warning for technological
risks in Romania-Bulgaria cross-border area
Financing: Romania-Bulgaria Cross-Border Cooperation Programme 2007-2013,
contract MIS ETC CODE 144/2011 / (4273/2011)
Head of the project: Dr. Eng. Georgeta Alecu, CS I, Head of Office for Management
of Quality-Environment
Clean Access in Calarasi-Silistra Cross‑Border Area
Financing: Romania-Bulgaria Cross-Border Cooperation Programme 2007-2013, contract MIS-ETC Code 118 (4295/2013)
Head of the project: Dr. Eng. Sergiu Nicolaie, IDT I, Head of Department for
Efficiency in Conversion and Consumption of Energy
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B
ilateral Programme Romania – Russia
Investigation of the NiAl, Ni3Al and NiTi materials structure using neutron deffraction
techniques
Financing: Bilateral Programme Romania – Russia, contract 04-4-10692009/2014/28-2013
Head of the project: Dr.Eng. Mariana Lucaci, CS I, Head of Department for Advanced
Materials
Research for the design of a plant for investigating the magnetic properties of matter
in the range of 3-300K by using a neutron flux in the presence of intense magnetic
fields
Financing: Joint Cooperation Programme Romania – Russia, contract no. 04-41075-2009/2014 (26/2013)
Head of the project: Dr.Eng. Ion Dobrin, CS II Developing fast detector of coordinates for studying baryon dense matter at
Nuclotron
Financing: Joint Cooperation Programme Romania – Russia, contract no. 02-01065-2007/2014 (30/2013)
Head of the project: Eng. Iuliu Romeo Popovici, IDT I
Studies of shape memory alloys by neutron diffraction
Financing: Joint Cooperation Programme Romania – Russia, contract no. 5-25/2013
Head of the project: Eng. Cristiana Diana Cîrstea, CS Study of transparent conductive films of zinc oxide doped with aluminium
Financing: Joint Cooperation Programme Romania – Russia, contract no. 04-41069-2009/2014 (31 / 2013)
Head of the project: Dr. Eng. Elena Chiţanu, CS Conductive multifunctional nanocomposites PMMA / graphite, graphite oxide,
graphene investigated by SANS method
Financing: Joint Cooperation Programme – INCDIE ICPE‑CA Bucharest, Romania –
JINR Dubna, Russia, contract no. 30/2012, grant no. 4141-4-12/14-IUCN
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ead of the project: Dr. Eng. Ioana Ion, CS III
Investigation of crystalline and magnetic properties in micro- and nanostructured
systems based granular alloys
Financing: Joint Cooperation Programme Romania – Russia, contract no. 32/2013
Head of the project: Dr. Eng. Mirela Maria Codescu, CS I
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B
ilateral Programme Romania – China
Prospective studies for assessing the opportunity to develop a bioreactor for energy
generation based on organic waste and wastewaters
Financing: Joint Cooperation Programme Romania – China, contract no. 611/2013
(4296/2013)
Head of the project: Dr. Eng. Carmen Mateescu, CS III 180
B
ilateral Programme Romania – Italy
Advanced techniques and interdisciplinary studies for improved assessment of
historical parchment documents
Financing: Joint Cooperation Programme Romania – Italy, contract no. 638/2013
(4292 / 2013)
Head of the project: Dr. Eng. Petru Budrugeac, CS I, Head of the Laboratory for
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ilateral Programme Romania – Austria
Establish the optimum environment conditions for the preservation of historical
parchment documents
Financing: Joint Cooperation Programme Romania – Austria, contract no. 549/2013
(7096 / 2012
Head of the project: Dr. Eng. Petru Budrugeac, CS I, Head of the Laboratory for
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ectoral Operational Programme
Advanced research for obtaining carbo-graphite heat resistant materials, exposed to
irradiation, with high life time, for seal ring
Financing: Sectoral Operational Programme “Increase of Economic Competitiveness”
SOP IEC, Priority Axis 2: Research, technological development and innovation
for competitiveness, Key Area of Intervention 2.1. – R&D partnerships between
universities/research institutes, and enterprises for generating results directly
applicable in economy, Operation 2.1.1: Joint R&D projects between universities/
research institutes and enterprises, contract 4942/4.1 (7081/2011)
Head of the project: Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Kappel, CS I
Deputy Head of the project: Eng. Sorina Adriana Mitrea, IDT I
Integrated services based on satellite data processing
Financing: Sectoral Operation Programme “Increase of Economic Competitiveness”
SOP IEC, Priority Axis 2: Research, technological development and innovation
for competitiveness, Key Area of Intervention 2.3. - RDI support for enterprises,
Operation 2.3.3.: Promoting innovation in enterprises, contract no. 33/ 2013
(1072/2013)
Head of the project: Eng. Ion Ivan, IDT I, Director of Technologic Transfer Center
Competitiveness and Innovation Programme (CIP)
BisNet Transylvania - Business and Innovation Support Network for SMEs from
Transylvania
Financing: Competitiveness and Innovation Programme (CIP), contract no. 225559/9
Head of the project: PhDs Eng. Erdei Remus, CS
Facts and scientific events
Scientific events organized or co-organized by INCDIE ICPE-CA
National and international trade fairs and exhibitions
National and international awards
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atents submitted at OSIM / granted to INCDIE ICPE-CA
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Scientific / technical papers published in 2013
Press releases in 2013
Presentation of Centre for Initiation of Young Olympics to Scientific Research
Partners INCDIE ICPE-CA
Editorial Notes
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2.1. History
Upon registration in the Trade Register in 2001 until the reorganization in 2004 when he became a national
institute, ICPE-CA has acted as a Joint Stock Company. The initial share capital subscribed of 3,811,075 lei –
contribution in kind – was entirely owned by Romanian state as sole shareholder and was fully paid from the
establishment of the company.
Since August 2004, by the Romanian Government Decision (no. 1282, from August 24, 2004), company
ICPE-CA was reorganized as National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA
Bucharest. Its patrimony, consisting of private state property which passed in institute management and own
property, is on December 31, 2013 of 64,040,614 lei.
Vision INCDIE ICPE-CA
INCDIE ICPE-CA will become the promoter of progress based on knowledge in the field of electrical
engineering.
Mission INCDIE ICPE-CA
INCDIE ICPE-CA promotes and carries out applied research in national and international background in electrical
engineering field (materials, electrotechnologies, new energy sources, micro- and nano-electrotechnologies,
electromagnetic compatibility, a.o.) for private and public companies, in the benefit of the whole society.
Developing technological innovation for customers, ICPE-CA increases their competitiveness both in Romania
and in Europe. Research activities promote economic development of society and lead to social welfare, closely
connected with the environment.
For institute employees, ICPE-CA offers personal development professional qualification which will enable
them to occupy positions of responsibility at the level of the institute, industry and other scientific fields.
The mission is defined, achievable (due ICPE-CA skills and creativity of employees), informative, accurate,
reflects reality (values and culture) of ICPE-CA, and is oriented towards customers.
In strategy developed by the institute during the period 2007 - 2013, research activities have contributed
to:
- reach the level of compatibility and competitiveness necessary for integration into the
European research area;
- participation in RDT Framework Programme 7 of the European Union for the period 20072013;
- developing social, economic, competitive and dynamic, oriented high-tech fields, able to meet
the strategic long-term development in the globalized economy.
2.2. Organizational structure of INCDIE ICPE-CA (organizational
chart, branches1, subsidiaries2, working offices)
In 2013 the institute has functioned on organizational chart approved by the Ministry of Education, Research,
Youth and Sports no. 3676/22.04.2010. The organizational chart is shown below.
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entity with legal status
entity without legal status
2.3. Specialized field of INCDIE ICPE-CA (according to
UNESCO and NACE classification)
a. according to NACE classification:
Main activity as coding:
7219 – Research – development on natural sciences and engineering
Secondary activities as coding:
7211 - Research – development in biotechnology
7220 – Research – development in social sciences and humanities
3250 – Manufacture of medical and dental instruments and supplies
b. according to UNESCO classification:
3306 – Electrical Engineering and Technology
3312 – Technology of materials
2.4. Research area
a. main research area:
Research – development on natural sciences and engineering
The institute is involved in 3 main research areas:
- advanced materials: functional / multifunctional, crystalline and nanostructured materials and
composites;
- new sources of energy (wind energy, solar energy, fuel cells, hydrogen storage): conversion,
economy and recovery;
- microelectromechanical technologies and systems.
b. secondary research areas:
Research – development in biotechnology
Research – development in social sciences and humanities
Manufacture of medical and dental instruments and supplies
Description of activity:
a)
basic and applied research in the field of electrical engineering;
b)
technical support and consultancy in the field of electrical engineering;
c)
information, documentation and staff training in the field of electrical engineering.
c. services / technology transfer
INCDIE ICPE-CA provides specialized activities of technology transfer and assistance in the implementation
of technology transfer of research results in the field of electrical engineering for economy, through the Pilot
Stations (Functional Material Pilot Station; Carbon Materials Pilot Station; Magnetic Materials Pilot Station;
Ceramic Materials Pilot Station), the Centre for Technology Transfer ICPE-CA “CTT ICPE-CA Bucharest” and the
Business and Technology Incubator ICPE-CA “ITA ECOMAT ICPE-CA” located in Sf.Gheorghe city.
Also, INCDIE ICPE-CA provides technical support, supplying of scientific and technological services for
companies or any interested customers, by testing laboratories:
Laboratory for Testing and Characterization of Electrotechnical Materials and Products;
Laboratory for Electromagnetic Compatibility;
Laboratory for Evaluation of Thermal Behaviour of Products and Materials;
Laboratory for MEMS and NEMS Testing.
The Technology transfer from research to the business as the main method of stimulating the economic
growth, applied in the world, is performed by INCDIE ICPE‑CA by establishing/development of spin-offs: SC
ROMNEOMAG SRL, SC SPINGREENBOATS SRL.
Also in this respect, in 2013 was established „ICPE-CA” MEGEOL SRL in order to bring the research results
closer to economic environment through prototyping (electric engines and wind generators), as well as by
making them for industrial applications.
Another important channel of technology transfer is the Enterprise Europe Network in which INCDIE ICPE‑CA
is partner (within the BisNET Transylsania‑1 project).
The development of partnership with scientific and technology parks is another goal that our institute has
developed. Thus, by the Order of Delegated Minister for Higher Education, Scientific Research and Technological
Development no. 4901MD from August 27, 2013, was approved to operate the Romanian-Chinese Scientific and
Technology Park International Green Innovation Park – IGIP; the founding members are INCDIE ICPE‑CA, Avrig
City Hall and Chinese partner, Beijing Chengtong Reorient Investment Consultancy Co.Ltd.
IGIP Park headquarters is INCDIE ICPE‑CA, 313 Splaiul Unirii, sector 3, Bucharest, Romania.
2.5. Strategic changes in organizing and functioning of
INCDIE ICPE‑CA3:
As a necessity to support the expansion of ICPE‑CA research and development area, was established working
office CORBU ICPE-CA, becoming an important strength in the protection and conservation of the environment
and renewable energy.
The desire to achieve goals of National RDI Plan and to achieve the energy projects, INCDIE ICPE‑CA has
increased the research area including conventional energy such as oil and gas. In this regard, ICPE‑CA transfers
temporarily a part of employees IPCUP Ploieşti for a period of 6 months (June 10 – December 31, 2013).
In July 2013, following the loss of building from Josef Attila Street no. 4, Sf. Gheorghe city, Covasna County,
and after a judicial decision, ICPE‑CA was forced to restructure their technology transfer activities carried out
by the Business and Technology Incubator ICPE‑CA (ITA ECOMAT ICPE-CA). Thus, this activity was redirected to
the working office of the town Avrig – Mârşa, Sibiu County, in order to maintain and strengthen the competitive
advantage on the market and ensure the viability of business.
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ex.: mergers, divisions, transformation etc.
General information
General information
INCDIE ICPE-CA is a national institute with a long tradition on Romanian market,
set up in 1950 and reorganized in 2004 under Romanian Government Decision no.
1282/24.08.2004 in National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical
Engineering ICPE-CA, being in the coordination of Ministry of National Education.
The patrimony of the institute consists of private ownership of state assets,
which it has under management, and of their goods.
The institute has an important scientific basis in the field, INCDIE ICPE‑CA
occupies a well-defined national position, being among the most active and efficient
research units.
This has been certified by the Excellence Award for the most efficient promotion
of research results, awarded by NASR in 2008, by the Award for assimilation into
industrial manufacturing of a series of synchronous generators for wind micro
turbines, Biogas unit for rural area households, Highly stable polymeric materials
for manufacturing sealing products used in nuclear power plants, awarded by the
AGIR (General Association of Engineers in Romania) in 2010; Award in the field
of “Electrical Engineering” for the product “Carbon bipolar plate for fuel cells with
electrolyte polymer”, awarded by the AGIR in 2011; Award in the field of “Materials
Engineering” for the product “Granular synthetic product for applications in oral
surgery (PG beta-TCP, 500-1000µm)”, awarded by the AGIR in 2012.
With a special opening to applied research in electrical engineering, over the
years the institute has approached those projects to develop the scientific, economic
and social environment.
From the beginning until now, the institute has continued its programme of
cooperation and partnership with entities from its field. Thus, we can mention a
large number of scientific articles published in ISI journals (39 ISI papers and 15
papers published in ISI conference proceedings/publications in 2013), scientific /
technical papers published in other journals non-quoted ISI (25 non-ISI papers),
scientific papers presented at international conferences (107 papers), products (40),
technologies (2), procedures (122) and services resulting from research, important
technological transfers (2) made by institute, all these meaning continuous scientific,
technological, economic and social progress.
As technical and technological success, must be highlighted and attending in
various national and international trade fairs and exhibitions with most successful
achievements of the institute for economy and industry (International Exhibition of
Inventions – Geneva – Switzerland, International Salon Brussels – EUREKA – Belgium,
Romanian Research Exhibition 2013 – Bucharest - Romania, Nanotechnologies
Exhibition IRANNANO 2013 – Teheran – Iran, ATEE 2013 (Advanced Topics in
Electrical Engineering) – Bucharest, Romania), as well as organizing of 3 scientific
events which increased the scientific visibility of our institute.
The Institute is well represented in the field of intellectual property through 22
patents granted by OSIM (Romanian State Office for Inventions and Trademarks), 9
General information
patents submitted in 2013 at OSIM and continuous attending at main international
Inventions shows, being awarded with many national and international medals and
awards (10 awards obtained in 2013).
Also in this respect, in 2013 was established „ICPE-CA” MEGEOL SRL in order
to bring the research results closer to economic environment through prototyping
(electric engines and wind generators), as well as by making them for industrial
applications.
The development of partnership with scientific and technology parks is another
goal that our institute has developed. Thus, by the Order of Delegated Minister for
Higher Education, Scientific Research and Technological Development no. 4901MD
from August 27, 2013, was approved to operate the Romanian-Chinese Scientific and
Technology Park International Green Innovation Park – IGIP; the founding members
are INCDIE ICPE‑CA, Avrig City Hall and Chinese partner, Beijing Chengtong Reorient
Investment Consultancy Co.Ltd.
IGIP Park headquarters is INCDIE ICPE‑CA, 313 Splaiul Unirii, sector 3, Bucharest,
Romania.
Certainly, these achievements have led to reach the strategic objectives required
by the institute mission, namely, research and development in the field of electrical
engineering, supporting the progress based on knowledge, for the benefit of the
whole society.
Vision INCDIE ICPE-CA
INCDIE ICPE-CA will become the promoter of progress based on knowledge in
the field of electrical engineering.
General information
Mission INCDIE ICPE-CA
INCDIE ICPE-CA promotes and carries out applied research in national and
international background in electrical engineering field (materials, electrotechnologies,
new energy sources, micro- and nano-electrotechnologies, electromagnetic
compatibility, a.o.) for private and public companies, in the benefit of the whole
society.
Developing technological innovation for customers, ICPE-CA increases their
competitiveness both in Romania and in Europe. Research activities promote
economic development of society and lead to social welfare, closely connected with
the environment.
For institute employees, ICPE-CA offers personal development professional
qualification which will enable them to occupy positions of responsibility at the level
of the institute, industry and other scientific fields.
The mission is defined, achievable (due ICPE-CA skills and creativity of
employees), informative, accurate, reflects reality (values and culture) of ICPE-CA,
and is oriented towards customers.
In strategy developed by the institute during the period 2007 - 2013, research
activities have contributed to:
- reach the level of compatibility and competitiveness necessary for
integration into the European research area;
- participation in RDT Framework Programme 7 of the European
Union for the period 2007-2013;
- developing social, economic, competitive and dynamic, oriented
high-tech fields, able to meet the strategic long-term development in the
globalized economy.
What characterizes today INCDIE ICPE-CA attention is fundamental and applied
research and development, with particular emphasis placed on Research-DevelopmentInnovation in the field of energy, materials and micro & nano technologies, the engine
of sustainable development of society.
The main activities are:
a) basic and applied research in the field of electrical engineering;
b) technical support and consultancy in the field of electrical
engineering;
c) information, documentation and staff training in the field of electrical
engineering.
The Institute is involved in 3 main research areas, organized in 3 great
departments:
- Department for Advanced Materials: functional / multifunctional,
crystalline and nanostructured materials and composites;
- Department for Efficiency in Energy Conversion and Consumption
(wind, solar, fuel cells, hydrogen storage): conversion, saving and recovery;
- Department for Micro-Nano-Electro-Technologies.
General information
Also, in the institute are testing laboratories which are RENAR (Romanian
Accreditation Association) accredited:
- Laboratory for Electrical Materials and Products Characterization
(RENAR accreditation certificate LI 845 / 2013);
- Laboratory for Electromagnetic Compatibility (RENAR accreditation
certificate LI 881 / 14.06.2010);
- Laboratory for Determination of Thermal Analysis (RENAR accreditation
certificate LI 685 / 2013);
- Laboratory for Micro and Nano-Electro-Mechanics (RENAR accreditation
certificate LI 967 / 27.11.2012).
The desire to achieve goals of National RDI Plan and to achieve the energy
projects, INCDIE ICPE‑CA has increased the research area including conventional
energy such as oil and gas. In this regard, ICPE‑CA transfers temporarily a part
of employees IPCUP Ploieşti for a period of 6 months (June 10 – December 31,
2013).
The main research groups in the INCDIE ICPE‑CA are focused on the following
areas of interest:
• Advanced Materials:
development of research on achievement and characterization of
materials and components for energy area;
materials and components for electrical engineering area;
biomaterials and bio-based products;
materials with special applications;
characterization of metallic, ceramic, magnetic, carbon, polymer
materials;
certification of granular product PG-beta-TCP, bioactive ceramics
(accreditation certificate OTDM (Romanian Technical Office for Medical
Devices) 25 SM 1 / 2012, 25 DM 2.3 / 2012 şi 25 DM 2.4 / 2012).
• Efficiency in Energy Conversion and Consumption;
• Micro-Nano-Electro-Technologies
Micro and Nanoelectromechanical;
Micro and nanostructures of thin layers and nanoparticles;
Technological transfer of electromechanical systems;
Excellency Centre for Initiation of Young Olympics in Scientific
Researc .
•
Characterization and Testing of Electrical Materials and Products;
General information
•
Electromagnetic Compatibility;
•
Evaluation of thermal behaviour of products and materials;
•
Testing for Micro and Nanoelectromechanics;
•
Management of Quality / Environment;
•
Research-Development of Oilfield Equipment.
NCDIE ICPE-CA operates through its representatives as members in the European
platform: EuMaT - Steering Committee, High Energy Storage Ring HESR; International
Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research FAIR and national: EuMaT Platform in Romania;
National Group of Reflectance EuMaT, as well as other professional associations: COST
Action MP1206: Electrospun Nano-fibres for bio inspired composite materials and
innovative industrial applications; Institute of Professional Representatives – European
Patent Office, Germany, Enterprise-Europe-Network, International Atomic Energy
Agency (IAEA), SRMM (Romanian Society of Magnetic Materials); SRMP (Romanian
Society of Powder Metallurgy), SRMC (Romanian Society of Carbonic Materials), CEROM
(Romanian Society of Ceramics), Romanian Society of Biomaterials SRB, Romanian
Society of Physics, Romanian Federation of Biomedical Engineering, Electrochemical
Society ECS, Romanian Welding Society ASR, Romanian Society of Materials ARM,
Romanian Committee of Electrical Engineering CER, General Association of the Engineers
in Romania AGIR, SPERIN (Society for Promotion of Renewable, Inexhaustible and New
Energies), SRPRNI (Romanian Society for Protection against Non-ionising Radiation),
European Society for Applied Superconductivity ESAS, International Electrotechnical
Commission IEC, IAHR (International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering
and Research), VDI (The Association of German Engineers), Germany, ARIES
(Romanian Association of Electronics and Software), CCIB (Chamber of Commerce
and Industry of Bucharest), ACER (Romanian EMC Association), SUNE (Professional
Association of New Energy Sources), National Technical Committees of Romanian
Standards Association: CT 1, “Rotating machinery”, CT 19 “Environmental conditions,
classification and methods of test for electrical and electronic products and systems”,
CT 20 “Magnetic components and ferrites materials”, CT 25 “Magnetic materials”, CT
30 “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio Interference”, CT 34 “Superconductivity”,
CT 78 “Road vehicles”, CT 89 “Industrial valves”, CT 135 “Capacitors and resistors
for electronic equipment”, CT 169 “Materials, equipment and offshore structure for
petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas”, CT 174 “Wind turbines systems”, CT
279 “Electromagnetic fields in the human environment”, CT 333 “Electrical road
vehicles and electric industrial trucks”, CT 378 “Micro and Nanotechnologies”; EU
Ecolabel Committee; Romanian Association of Drilling Contractors (ACFR); Romanian
Committee for Fittings Industry (CRIA); Oil and Gas Employers’ Federation; Employers
Union of Research-Development and Design Organizations in Romania; Romanian CO2
Club; IEEE Society – USA; thus contributing to the harmonization of the Romanian
policy research with the European ones.
General information
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Institute staff in 2013, as can be seen from the chart above (fig. 1 and 2),
is composed of high-class specialists who have a high potential for assimilation of
the latest technologies in the field and always adapting to the market requirements.
General information
Thus, in proportion of 72% of those 177 employees with higher education, 58 are
PhD, 27 are PhD students having quite different fields of study (physics, chemistry,
electrotechnics, metallurgy, mechanics, and biology) and 3 are master students.
About 31% of the 52 employees from IPCUP Ploiesti, which were transferred
temporarily for a period of six months in 2013, are higher education, of which 1 PhD
and 4 PhD students. IPCUP Ploiesti fields of study are mechanical, oil equipment,
drilling and production, environmental protection, metallurgy, control and product
expertise, automation.
Financing of its activities is done mainly by the Nucleus Programme, the PNII National Research-Development-Innovation Programmes, Sectoral Operational
Programme, and in the framework of grants and projects financed from EU
Programmes.
Evolution of turnover for the last six years (fig. 3) reveals the dynamics of the
institute development in 2007 - 2010. By significant reduction of research funds in
2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and respectively 2013, the turnover dropped to 16,787,169
lei in 2012 and to 17,847,009 lei in 2013. However, investing in the future, ICPECA has continued the best investments in equipment; even in conditions of crisis,
the equipment investments have achieved the highest level in 2010 (15,375,024.87
lei), in 2011 reaching a value of 14,323,000 lei, due to the project “Modernization
of the infrastructure for promotion of research potential in electrical engineering for
applications in priority economic thematic areas of Romania as EU member state” acronym PROMIT (financed by POS-CCE), having in 2012 the value of 2,368,064 lei
and in 2013 the value of 1,761,510 lei.
Fig. 3
General information
Fig. 4
Creşterea volumului de investiţii, atât din surse proprii şi atrase, cât şi din surse
buIncreasing the investment, both for its own and attracted funding sources, and
from budgetary sources, as it is presented in Fig. 4, allowed the institute and the
research staff, on the one hand, the new directions of research, on the other hand,
to increase the quality of research.
Activities and contracts in progress:
 Basic and applied research in the National Nucleus Programme and
National NPRDI-II Programme, as well as research grants and projects financed
from EU Programmes, as follows:
- 14 projects in National NPRDI-II Programme and 14 projects in the National
Nucleus Programme;
- 2 projects in National Programme of R&D&I for Space Technology and
Advanced Research STAR: “Advanced composite structures for space
applications”, “Nanocomposite magnetic materials for high speed electrical
motors”;
- 2 projects in National NPRDI‑II Programme – Innovation support services
“Checks for innovations” – “Technical study concerning electricity generation
system – photovoltaic panels mounted on the roof, without energy storage”,
“Pilot installation for wind energy conversion with the power of 1.5 kW”;
- 3 contracts for scientific events organized by our institute;
General information
- 9 projects of bilateral cooperation with JINR (Joint Institute for Nuclear
Research) - Dubna, Russia;
- 1 international project as partner in FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion
Research) – Germany;
- 2 projects UE/COST Action D43 (2006-2013): Colloid and Interface Science
for Nanotechnology and UE/COST Action CM1101 (2011-2016): Colloidal
Aspects of Nanoscience for Innovative Processes and Materials;
- 1 project with the North-West Regional Development Agency within
Competitiveness & Innovation Framework Programme, ENT/CIP/07/0001a
“Business Innovation Support Network Transylvania “ EEN 225 559 BISNet
Transylvania-1;
- 2 projects FP7-MNT ERA NET 7-053/2012 “Technology for development of
mini-supercapacitors based on electroactive networks polymer - CNT/CNF”,
FP7-ERA NET 7-041/2011 “Research and development of new functionalities
for sports and health garments”;
- 1 project in Sectoral Operational Programme “Increasing of Economic
Competitiveness” (SOP IEC Programme), priority axis II - Research,
Technological Development and Innovation for competitiveness, the area of
intervention 2.2, Operation 2.2.1, “Advanced research for achieving carbon
materials with thermal resistance subjected to irradiation, with high life time,
for sealing rings – acronym CARBOTIR”;
- 3 projects in Romania-Bulgaria Cross-Border Cooperation Programme 20072013: REACT “Integrated system for dynamic monitoring and warning for
Technological Risks in Romania-Bulgaria Cross-border area” - MIS-ETC CODE
144; “Joint study regarding the promotion of renewable energy for the
environmental protection, within the natural protected areas from the Lower
Danube, the Danube Delta and the Black Sea Region” – MIS‑ETC CODE 128 and
“Clean access in Calarasi-Silistra cross-border area” – MIS‑ETC CODE 118;
- 1 projects financed by EU within Black Sea Basin Programme 2007-2013,
“Integrated hotspots management and saving the living Black Sea ecosystem”
– HOT BLACK SEA” - MIS-ETC CODE 2303;
- 1 projects financed by EU within South-East Europe Transnational Cooperation
Programme „Promotion of Financing Innovation in South-East Europe”–
PROFIS;
- 5 bilateral cooperation projects within Capacities Programme ‑ Module III
– Joint Scientific Programme Romania – China, Romania – Italy, Romania Austria and Romania – Moldova.
In 2013 IPCUP Ploieşti employees, which have been transferred temporarily to
ICPE‑CA, were carried out projects financed by National NPRDI-II Programme, as well
as: 2 service contracts signed with National R&D Institute for Gas Turbines COMOTI
– Bucharest, Romania; 2 economic contracts; 2 applied research contracts.
The institute was involved in another 36 non-budgetary applied research contracts
in areas such as: new energy sources, materials for electrical engineering, environmental
protection, electromagnetic compatibility, micro and nano electrotechnologies, oil
operating and rotation equipment, oil drilling, as well as 49 small-scale manufacturing
General information
of some complex applications: sensors, actuators, magnetic couplings, transducers,
protection equipment to control against electrochemical corrosion, stand/systems
for monitoring, verification and control of electrical and environmental parameters;
techniques application of vacuum thin layers deposition; testing and characterization
of materials; CEM measurements; evaluation of thermal behaviour of products and
materials; MEMS measurements; consulting in the field of intellectual property.
Practical application of research results and patents through technological
transfers, sales license (within the Technological Transfer Centre ICPE‑CA
CTT ‑ ICPE-CA);
Practical application through the development of spin-off:
S.C. ROMNEOMAG S.R.L.;
S.C. SPINGREENBOATS S.R.L.;
Technical and logistical support for incubation and development of business
(by SMEs) in the field of electrical engineering by the Incubation Office - ITA
ECOMAT ICPE-CA – having the headquarter in Sf. Gheorghe city;
Consultancy, know-how transfer and development of partnerships to support
the implementation of the “Local Energy” Programme - local contribution
to combat the climate change - Integrated model for communities with
energy efficiency by exploiting the renewable energy resources for the Avrig
City Hall, Sibiu County, by ITA ECOMAT ICPE-CA – located in Mârşa city;
Small-scale manufacturing of materials processed in different shapes and
sizes, at customer demand;
Small-scale manufacturing of some complex applications: sensors, actuators,
magnetic couplings, transducers, protection equipment to control against
electrochemical corrosion, stand/systems for monitoring, verification and
General information
control of electrical and environmental parameters;
Techniques application of vacuum thin layers deposition by: magnetron
sputtering, e-beam and their characterization in terms of thickness
(ellipsometry) and mechanical and tribological properties;
Characterization and testing of materials in RENAR (Romanian Accreditation
Association) certified laboratories: magnetic properties investigations (analysis
of remanence magnetization, analysis of coercive magnetic field, analysis of
maximum energetic product, analysis of power losses, analysis of magnetic
polarization and the relative, permanent and reversible permeability), physical
testing (density determination through hydrostatic method, phase qualitative
analysis), mechanical testing (Vickers hardness testing); investigations of
material’s composition (atomic absorption spectrometer SOLAAR type,
laser ablation mass spectrometer ELAN DRC type, X-ray diffractometer D8
ADVANCE type and D8 DISCOPER type), surface properties investigations
(atomic force microscope AFM Veeco, scanning tunnelling microscope STMNtegra, scanning electron microscope FESEM-FIB Auriga Zeiss);
Expertise and certification for fixed wells platform probe PFS4, respectively
Report on the findings the mast and drilling rigs F320- EA-DEA;
Consulting in the field of intellectual property;
Import-Export;
International cooperation;
Organization of scientific events, fairs and exhibitions;
Certification.
General information
Management structure
of INCDIE ICPE-CA
Management structure of INCDIE ICPE-CA
1. Administrative Council Board
Administrative Council Board of INCDIE ICPE-CA
Kappel Wilhelm
President
General Director of INCDIE ICPE-CA
Tănăsescu Florin Teodor
Vice-president
Expert, Romanian Electrotechnical Committee
Gavrilă Horia
Member
President of Scientific Council
Bala Gheorghe
Member
Representative of Ministry of National Education
Tudor Tatiana
Member
Representative of Ministry of Public Finance
Ancuţa Adrian Silviu
Member
Representative of Ministry of Labour,
Family and Social Protection Opriş Marcel
Member
Expert, Director of Special Telecommunication
Service
2. Scientific Council
SCIENTIFIC CoUNCIL OF incdie icpe-ca
Horia Gavrilă
Prof. Dr. Eng., President of Scientific
Council
INCDIE ICPE-CA
Iosif Lingvay
Dr. Eng., Vice-President of Scientific
Council
Scientific Secretary of INCDIE ICPE‑CA
Florin Filip
Acad. Prof.
Member
Dr.
Eng.,
Honorary
Romanian Academy
Emil Burzo
Acad. Prof. Dr. Phys., Honorary
Member
Romanian Academy
Petru Notingher
Prof. Dr. Eng., Honorary Member
UPB – Faculty of Electrical Engineering
Nicolae Olariu
Valahia University – Targoviste
Teodor Vişan
UPB – Faculty of Chemistry
Alexandru Morega
UPB – Faculty of Electrical Engineering
Nicolae Vasile
Member of Academy of Technical
Sciences
Georgeta Alecu
Dr. Eng., Member
INCDIE ICPE-CA
Constantin Bâlă
Prof. Dr. Eng., Member
INCDIE ICPE-CA
Petru Budrugeac
Dr. Chem., Member
INCDIE ICPE-CA
Mircea Ignat
Dr. Eng., Member
INCDIE ICPE-CA
Cristinel Ilie
Eng., Member
INCDIE ICPE-CA
Mariana Lucaci
Dr. Eng., Member
INCDIE ICPE-CA
Mihai Mihăiescu
Dr. Eng., Member
INCDIE ICPE-CA
Jenica Neamţu
Dr. Phys., Member
INCDIE ICPE-CA
Gheorghe Samoilescu
Prof. Dr. Eng., Member
INCDIE ICPE-CA
Wilhelm Kappel
Prof. Dr., Member
General Director of INCDIE ICPE‑CA
Elena Enescu
Dr. Eng., Member
Technical Director of INCDIE ICPE‑CA
Adela Băra
Dr. Eng., Secretary of Scientific
Council
INCDIE ICPE-CA
2.1 Ethics Commission
Prof. Dr. Eng. Florin Tănăsescu
Dr. Eng. Georgeta Alecu
Eng. Cristinel Ilie
Dr. Eng. Mirela Codescu
Legal Adviser Mariana Lungu
3. Directory Board
DIRECTORY BOARD OF INCDIE ICPE-CA
General Director, Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Kappel
President
Technical Director, Dr. Eng. Elena Enescu
Vice-president
Scientific Secretary, Dr. Eng. Iosif LINGVAY
Member
Economic Director, Ec. Livia STAN
Member
Head of Department for Advanced Materials, Dr. Eng. Mariana LUCACI
Member
Head of Department for Efficiency in Energy Conversion and Consumption, Dr. Eng. Sergiu NICOLAIE
Member
Head of Department for Micro-Nano-Electrotechnologies, Dr. Eng. Mircea IGNAT
Member
Head of Legal Office, Human Resources, Legal Adviser Mariana LUNGU
Member
Head of Office for Programmes Monitoring, Ec. Dorina DOBRIN
Member
Departments/Laboratories/Services/
Offices of INCDIE ICPE-CA
Departments/Laboratories/Services/
Offices of INCDIE ICPE-CA
LEGAL OFFICE, Human resources, LABOUR PROTECTION,
CLASIFIED INFORMATION
Head Office:
E-mail:
Phone:
Fax: Legal Adviser, Mariana LUNGU
mariana.lungu@icpe-ca.ro (+40-21)346.82.97 / 136
(+40-21)346.82.99
FIELDS OF ACTIVITY
legal assistance;
evidence of human resources;
evidence of classified documents;
monitoring of work protection.
UNIT for INTERNAL AUDIT
Internal Auditor: Ec. Valentin COSTINESCU
E-mail:
valentin.costinescu@icpe-ca.ro
Phone:
(+40-21)346.72.31/309
Fax: (+40-21)346.82.99
FIELDS OF ACTIVITY
public internal audit – assurance and advisory.
OFFICE for MANAGEMENT of QUALITY - ENVIRONMENT
Head Office:
E-mail:
Phone:
Fax: Dr. Eng. Georgeta ALECU
georgeta.alecu@icpe-ca.ro
(+40-21)346.72.31 / 112
(+40-21)346.82.99
RESEARCH AREA
monitoring the Quality Assurance & Quality Technical Control and environment protection in
INCDIE ICPE-CA;
maintaining to the high performance of integrated Management system for Quality – Environment, according
to EU requirements;
support materials for certification/training in the management systems of the institute as support in the
education process for quality of managerial and operative staff;
real-time analysis system of environmental and health risk factors;
Departments/Laboratories/Services/Offices of INCDIE ICPE-CA
management and conservation of natural resources based on ecological principles, especially to materials
recycling;
improvement of environment quality through deployment of technical, economic, legal and administrative
measures at the institute level;
determination of organic pollutants in air, water, soil (volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds, petroleum
hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons);
determination the concentration of greenhouse gases (CH4, CO2, chlorofluorocarbons, SF6);
analysis of dielectric oils from electrical and electronic equipment;
determination of persistent organic pollutants (pesticides, herbicides, polychlorinated biphenyls) from water,
soil, agricultural products;
qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis of organic compounds for technological processes to obtaining
biofuels (biogas, bioethanol, biodiesel);
monitoring of anaerobic fermentation processes in biogas units; biomass and biogas analysis;
determination of environmental and industrial noise;
determination of meteorological parameters (wind direction and speed; temperature in the range -40 …
+60°C and relative humidity in the range 0 … 100%; atmospheric pressure in the range 825 – 1050 mbar).
MARKETING DEPARTMENT, TECHNICAL LIBRARY,
MANAGEMENT of KNOWLEDGE and INFORMATION / PUBLIC
RELATIONS
Head of Department:
E-mail:
Phone:
Fax:
Eng. Ciprian Viorel ONICĂ
ciprian.onica@icpe-ca.ro
(+40-21)346.82.97 / 152
(+40-21)346.82.99
FIELDS OF ACTIVITY
standard and electronic (internet) marketing for the institute;
developing of the laboratories interconnection for communications, reports and dissemination of
information;
developing of interconnection with other entities, research networks, consortium to obtain partnerships,
regional programmes, databases;
developing the own base of information through acquisition of books and subscriptions to specialized
journals;
organizing of scientific events; participation at fairs and exhibitions;
marketing for promoting of the patents, products, equipment and services developed by the institute.
OFFICE for KNOWLEDGE and INFORMATION MANAGEMENT / PUBLIC RELATIONS
Head Office:
E-mail:
Phone:
Fax:
PR Officer, Olguţa Gabriela IOSIF
gabriela.iosif@icpe-ca.ro
(+40-21)346.72.31/308
(+40-21)346.82.99
FIELDS OF ACTIVITY
public relations;
mass-media for ICPE-CA products and services;
management of knowledge and information from ICPE-CA;
ICPE-CA Technical Library.
BUSINESS and TECHNOLOGY INCUBATOR ICPE‑CA
ITA ECOMAT ICPE-CA
Sf. Gheorghe SUBSIDIARY
Director ITA ECOMAT ICPE-CA: Eng. Remus ERDEI
E-mail:
remus.erdei@icpe-ca.ro
Phone:
(+40-0267) 32.73.95
Fax:
(+40-21)346.82.99
FIELDS OF ACTIVITY
supporting the establishment and development of SMEs in industry and services in the field of
electrical engineering, advanced materials, new energy sources, ecological technologies, IT;
identify of business projects;
developing of partnership;
project initiation in the R&D National and International Programmes;
increasing the use of research results and patents;
creating new jobs, regional economic development;
improvement of SMEs access to information, consulting services, financing sources as well as R&D
services and equipment.
OFFICE for PROGRAMMES MONITORING, PLANNING
Head Office: Ec. Dorina DOBRIN
E-mail:
dorina.dobrin@icpe-ca.ro
Phone:
(+40-21)346.72.31/126
Fax:
(+40-21)346.82.99
FIELDS OF ACTIVITY
monitoring the research projects;
monitoring of services and small-scale production contracts;
planning of income / expenditure;
planning / monitoring of staff overcharge;
billing operations;
elaboration of analysis / reports / specific statistics.
OFFICE for PUBLIC ACQUISITIONS, INVESTMENTS, SUPPLY STOCK, ADMINISTRATION
Head Office: E-mail:
Phone:
Assistant Engineer Marilen GHIŢĂ
marlen.ghita@icpe-ca.ro
(+40-21)346.72.31/322
Fax: (+40-21)346.82.99
FIELDS OF ACTIVITY
public acquisitions: development of procedures for investment of equipment, products and materials;
investments: tendering, drafting the offers, contracts, as well as other related documents during the
specific proceedings;
supply: request for offers and purchase of products, raw materials and materials necessary for research
activities;
administration: monitoring, reception of products, raw materials and materials purchased.
ACCOUNTING OFFICE
Head Office:
E-mail:
Phone:
Fax:
Ec. Gabriela RICHTER
gabriela.richter@icpe-ca.ro
(+40-21)346.82.97 / 140
(+40-21)346.82.99
FIELDS OF ACTIVITY
organizing and updating of entering records of the Institute, compliance with its integrity and firmly
apply the preventive financial control.
DEPARTMENT for ADVANCED MATERIALS
Head of Department: Dr. Eng. Mariana LUCACI
E-mail:
mariana.lucaci@icpe-ca.ro
Phone:
(+40-21)346.72.31/109
Fax:
(+40-21)346.82.99
Deputy Head of Department: Eng. Phys. Iulian IORDACHE
E-mail:
iulian.iordache@icpe-ca.ro
Phone:
(+40-21)346.72.31 / 145
Fax:
(+40-21)346.82.99
RESEARCH AREA
Research areas of the Department comprise:
development of research in obtaining and characterization of materials and components for energy;
development of research in obtaining and characterization of materials and components for electrical
engineering;
development of research in obtaining and characterization of biomaterials and products based
biomaterials;
development of research in obtaining and characterization of materials for special and/or environmental
applications;
characterization of metallic, ceramics, magnetic, carbon, polymeric materials;
certification of granular product PG‑β‑TCP.
Applications of these materials and products mentioned above aimed at structural, functional and
multifunctional applications.
FIELDS OF ACTIVITY
Fields of activity grouped by fields of research and the types of application include processing and
characterization of all types of materials: metallic, ceramics, carbon and polymeric.
materials for energy areas:
structural materials: carbon fiber, carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene, carbon materials
resistant to thermal-mechanical shock, carbon-polymer nanocomposite reinforced with
CNT, C-C composite reinforced with carbon fiber, metallic coatings; metallic foams,
metallic and ceramics porous materials;
functional materials: functionalized carbon nanofibers, electrospun nanofibers, magnetic
metallic microwires for permanent magnets with low Nd, magnetic composite and
nanocomposite for permanent magnets, metal hydrides-based materials for hydrogen
storage, electro‑insulating ceramic materials, NiAlCrB materials for deposition having the
role of thermal barrier, AlN non-oxide ceramic and AlN-SiC, SiC-Si3N4 composites;
multifunctional materials: radiant heating systems, thin-layer advanced ceramic
materials for SOFC, Al thin films doped with nanostructured ZnO, ZnO nanofibers,
advanced thermoelectric materials with perovskite structure for applications in recovery
of wasted thermal energy;
integration of materials in products and technologies: electrodes for rechargeable
batteries Ni-MH, equipment for thermal-chemical energy storage, technology for
carbon material – steel joint, advanced technical solutions for high efficiency electrical
machines based on predetermination of magnetic properties of steel sheets, heat
pipes with porous structure, aerial electrical conductor with self-protection to frost/
ice, harvesting systems using piezoelectric structures;

materials and components for electrical engineering area:
functional materials: soft magnetic cores of iron-based composite materials, products
from sintered heavy alloys, carbon-ceramic composites for volume resistors, ceramic
sparking plugs for Diesel engines, zirconia’s ceramic for arc-extinction and electrical
resistance supports, dense cordierite-based ceramic electro-insulating materials for
arc-extinction, AlN non-oxide ceramic for electronics, polymeric membranes for
displacement actuators, composite powders from silver nanoparticles laid-down
on ZnO and SnO2 powders for sintered conducting materials, plated materials for
electrical contacts, FePtNbB heavy magnetic nano-crystalline powders; Ti(Ni, Cu, Fe,
Nb) shape memory materials; Al(Ni, Co) intermetallic compounds with ferromagnetic
properties; electrical contacts for air and vacuum switching; Al and Al-Mg alloys for
electronic and communications equipment; Ag-SnO2 contact materials doped with
Bi2O3 and CuO, WC‑Ag and W‑Ag nanostructured materials for electrical contacts;
cellulosic securing composites with ferromagnetic microwires; FeBSi ferromagnetic
microwires; oxide semiconductors-based piezoelectric nanostructures; magnetic nanocrystalline materials based on Fe and FeNi; Co and CoNi nanopowders; magnetic
composite material which provides protection to low frequency electromagnetic
fields and radiofrequency; ferromagnetic materials obtained from industrial wastes for
protection in the field of microwave (800 – 10000 MHz); carbon-ceramic composite
materials for electromagnetic shielding; ferrosilicium concrete-based materials for
protection at electromagnetic radiations; roasted pyrite-based composite materials
for electromagnetic shielding; flexible thin materials for protection at electromagnetic
radiations; polymeric matrix composite material reinforced with metallic or carbon
fibers for protection at electromagnetic radiations; ferromagnetic microwires for
miniaturized power generator;
multifunctional materials: nano-crystalline magnetic materials with low rare earths;
ceramic microspheres-based ecological paint for electrical and thermal insulating
coatings; NdFeB magnetic materials with high magnetic stability; NdFeB and SmCo
agglomerated permanent magnets; isotropic nanocomposited magnets based on rare
earths; microwires from Cu and FeBSi; insulating materials from steatic ceramics;
piezoelectric materials for micromotors with low rpm and high axial loads; textile
composites with amorphous microwires for protection at electromagnetic radiations;
natural inhibitors from plant extracts to prevent corrosion and deposition of thermal
plants;
integration of materials in products and technologies: piezoceramic elements-based
acceleration sensor; polymer composites-based resistive sensors; aluminium nitride thin
layers deposited on copper or aluminium supports; conductive carbon fiber; polyamide
insulation for medium voltage wires resistant to ionizing radiations; polar and nonpolar magnetic nanofluid with applications to rotating seals with high pressure and
hard operating conditions; technology for development of mini-supercapacitors based
on electroactive networks polymer-CNT/CNF; advanced composite structures based
on polymer matrix reinforced with carbon fiber for protection of electronic satellites
components; W-Cu/Ag electrical contacts for low voltage miniaturized contactors for
switching vacuum; polymer-graphene composite materials for laser direct writing;
biomaterials and bio-based products:
structural materials: ceramic materials based on calcium phosphate; porous ceramic
materials obtained by organic precursors;
functional materials: silver colloidal solutions for bactericidal applications; ironsaccharine magnetic nanocomposites; natural antioxidants obtained from plants;
breathable superhydrophobe nanostructures based on nanopowders of Ag deposited on
TiO2 and ZnO; materials for tactile sensors – polymeric composites with nanomaterials
additions;
multifunctional materials: biocompatible ceramic materials based on fluoro and
hydroxyapatite; HAP/TCP ceramic composites for orthopaedic and maxillo-facial
surgery; ecological multifunctional polymeric materials with polyphenolic antioxidant
from plants; innovative nanostructured materials and coatings with antimicrobial
activity;
integration of materials in products and technologies: fixing magnetic elements
for maxillofacial substitution; devices for transport of ceramic microspheres-based
biological fluids;
other: composite ceramic crucibles in dental application;
materials with special and/or environmental applications:
structural materials: polymeric composite materials reinforced with carbon nanotubes;
polymeric composite materials reinforced with carbon fiber; carbon composite
materials reinforced with carbon fiber; carbon materials with high thermo-mechanical
shock resistance for aerospace industry;
functional materials: contrast powder for non-destructive control of ferromagnetic
materials; nickel powder with high specific surface; DLC synthesis and deposition on
metal substrate and silicon oxide; conductive coatings with noble metal of magnetic
nanostructures; composite materials based on soft magnetic ferrites used for
electromagnetic shielding of military objectives undetectable by radar;
multifunctional materials: innovative materials and processes for selective removal of
heavy metals from wastewaters;
characterization of metallic, ceramic, magnetic, carbon and polymer materials:
investigation the thickness and optical constants of thin films (ellipsometry);
determining the tribological properties of thin films (wear and friction);
determining the mechanical properties of thin films (hardness, Young modulus, scratch
resistance);
determining the gas adsorption/desorption properties (hydrogen, nitrogen, argon,
carbon dioxide, methane) by Sievert method;
investigation the thermal properties of materials (heat of formation, transformation
temperature, Curie temperature, thermal diffusivity, linear coefficient of thermal
expansion);
investigation the surface properties of materials (surface specific, distribution and size
pore);
characterization of nanocrystalline materials in suspension form (particle size,
granulometric distribution, zeta potential, molecular weight, absorbance);
investigation the optical characteristics of nano-crystalline materials as a powder by
spectrophotometry (reflectance);
investigation the mechanical properties of materials (tensile, compression, bending) at
RT and T = 20…500°C;
investigation
the
luminescence
phenomena
(chemiluminescence,
thermochemiluminescence, lio-luminescence, fluorescence, radio-thermo-luminescence);
investigation the radio-induced processes;
investigation and development of knowledge in the field of degradation and stabilization
of polymeric materials under the action of different factors;
assessment of life cycle and remaining life cycle of electrical insulating materials in
different conditions;
characterization of stabilizers for polymeric materials;
investigation of materials behaviour (of biomaterials) in the presence of fungi and
molds;
electrical characterization of electrical insulating materials (complex impedance, complex
admit, complex relative permittivity, loss factor, complex electrical conductivity).
DEPARTMENT for Efficiency in Energy Conversion and Consumption
Head of Department:
E-mail:
Phone:
Fax:
Dr. Eng. Sergiu NICOLAIE
sergiu.nicolaie@icpe-ca.ro
(+40-21)346.72.31/305
(+40-21)346.82.99
Deputy Head of Department:
Dr. Eng. Gimi RÎMBU
E-mail:
gimi.rimbu@icpe-ca.ro
Phone:
(+40-21)346.72.31/147
Fax:
(+40-21)346.82.99
RESEARCH AREA AND FIELDS OF ACTIVITY
equipment for energy conversion from renewable energy;
increasing the energy efficiency and use of renewable energy in transport;
increasing the energy efficiency and use of renewable energy in industry;
electrical machines (high speed motors, motors for electrical traction, motors for special
application, generators with applications in electrical power conversion from renewable supply);
hydrodynamics and aerodynamics of hydraulic and wind rotors;
hydraulics and fluid mechanics;
hydrodynamics and mass transfer of water aeration systems;
applications of superconductivity in electrical engineering;
applications of cryogenics in electrical engineering;
superconducting electromagnets for particle accelerators;
normal conductive electromagnets for particle accelerators;
MEMS;
CAD/CAM/CAE design;
new technologies with applications in “harvesting energy”;
applications of electric drive in electrical engineering;
new types of magnetostrictive, electromagnetic and piezoelectric actuators use in space;
power electronics, equipment like ”quench protection” to protect superconducting coils;
methods, technologies, systems and equipment for environmental protection and
rehabilitation;
fuel cells and application of integrated energy systems;
hybrid systems and applications to product energy from renewable sources;
kinetic energy storage systems;
energy storage in chemical fuels;
biotechnologies (anaerobic digestion, biomass and biogas);
determining the biogas potential for biomass by physical-chemical and microbiological
analysis;
water treatment technologies;
electrosecurity systems and active protection against corrosion for different natural and
industrial environment;
research – development of oilfield equipment, in order to accomplish equipment capable to
promote new technics and technologies in the domain of drilling – extraction activities and
also new technologies for controlled and / or horizontal drilling;
studies and researches concerning strategies of oilfield and industrial valves;
development of standards concerning design, calculation, construction and operation of
oilfield equipment and industrial valves;
sustaining the geological prospecting activities and hydrogeological drillings through new
methods and drilling technologies, by assimilating new types of geologic and hydrogeologic
drilling rigs;
development of the design activities of metallic structures for offshore drilling and exploitation
of marine deposits;
exploitation of oil and gas deposits under natural obstacles through assimilation of some
inclined drilling rigs with increased mechanization degree.
DEPARTMENT for MICRO-NANO-ELECTROTECHNOLOGIES
Head of Department:
E-mail:
Phone:
Fax:
Dr. Eng. Mircea IGNAT
mircea.ignat@icpe-ca.ro
(+40-21)346.72.31 / 204
(+40-21)346.82.99
Deputy Head of Department:
E-mail:
Phone:
Fax:
Dr. Eng. Gabriela HRISTEA
gabriela.hristea@icpe-ca.ro (+40-21)346.72.31 / 129
(+40-21)346.82.99
micro and nanoelectromechanical: piezoceramic, electrostrictive, magnetostrictive, electromagnetic,
electrodynamic and electrothermal microactuators; electromagnetic and electrostatic micromotors
and microgenerators; electromechanical or piezoelectric microharvesting systems; Linear, angular
and electromagnetic microsensors with applications for monitoring in landslides and position;
electrochemical gas microsensors; microsensors for the study of motility and medical re-education;
micro and nanobionics / the study of magnetic bacteria with applications in MEMS and NEMS;
capacitive systems for water desalination; applications in biology and electromechanics of carbongraphite materials;
micro and nanostructures of thin layers and nanoparticles: microsystems for magnetic multilayers
with GMR (giant magnetoresistence) and TMR (tunnel magnetoresistance) effect for spintronics;
dilute magnetic semiconductors; Core-Shell magnetic nanosystems for diagnosis with magnetic
resonance method (MRI); self-assembled magnetic nanoparticles for “chip” diagnostic micro-devices;
nanostructures of transparent oxidic semiconductors with controllable properties by doping for
applications in optoelectronics, spintronics; oxidic semiconductor nano-devices (nano-wires, nanoribbons) for applications in nano-electronics and nano-medicine;
technology transfer of electromechanical systems: checking systems of railway equipment; monitoring
micro-systems for movement and motility; software for monitoring systems of movement; identification
of motion parameters with micro and macro-photogrammetry; 2D and 3D active control and microdrive systems;
Excellency Research Centre for Young Olympians – ECYO: specific methodology to initiate in scientific
research on three main interdisciplinary areas: microbiotechnologies; bionic and electromechanics;
harvesting.
TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSFER CENTRE ICPE-CA (CTT ICPE-CA)
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Director CTT ICPE-CA: E-mail:
Phone:
Fax:
Eng. Ion IVAN
ion.ivan@icpe-ca.ro
(+40-21)346.72.31 / 132
(+40-21)346.82.99
Intellectual Property Adviser:
E-mail:
Phone:
Eng. Elena MACAMETE
elena.macamete@icpe-ca.ro
(+40-21)346.72.31 / 132
Fax:
(+40-21)346.82.99
FIELDS OF ACTIVITY
technological transfer of products and technologies developed by INCDIE ICPE-CA, including the
development of prototypes and models, consultancy in the implementation of technology transfer;
promoting the use of INCDIE ICPE-CA patents and other results of R&D activities by licensing, knowhow transfer and spin-off establishment;
consultancy/assistance to the negotiation of licensing agreements or know-how transfer contracts;
consultancy in preparing the documentation for intellectual property protection and exploitation of these
rights;
information and consultancy in finding the financial support for implementing the research results in
SMEs;
facilitating the SME’s access to technological services and research infrastructure of INCDIE ICPE-CA.
LABORATORY for TESTING and CHARACTERIZATION of ELECTROTECHNICAL
MATERIALS and PRODUCTS
Head of Laboratory:
E-mail:
Phone:
Fax:
Eng. Sorina Adriana MITREA
sorina.mitrea@icpe-ca.ro
(+40-21)346.72.31/151, 138, 107
(+40-21)346.82.99
Deputy Head of Laboratory: E-mail:
Phone:
Fax:
Dr. Eng. Phys. Delia PĂTROI
delia.patroi@icpe-ca.ro
(+40-21)346.72.31/138, 107
(+40-21)346.82.99
FIELDS OF ACTIVITY
investigation on material composition: atomic absorption spectrometry, mass spectrometry with laser
ablation; x-ray fluorescence spectrometry with wavelength dispersive;
structural investigation: X-ray diffractometry, optical microscopy, SEM scanning electron microscopy;
physical and mechanical tests: density, Vickers and Knoop microhardness, Vickers and Brinell
hardness;
study of surface properties: STM tunnelling electron microscopy, AFM atomic force microscopy;
determining the magnetic properties: remanence, coercitive field, maximum energy product, total power
loss, polarization, relative permeability.
LABORATORY for ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
Head of Laboratory:
E-mail:
Phone:
Fax:
Dr. Eng. Mihai BĂDIC
mihai.badic@icpe-ca.ro
(+40-21)346.72.31 / 166
(+40-21)346.82.99
Deputy Head of Laboratory: E-mail:
Phone:
Fax:
Dr. Eng. Jana PINTEA
jana.pintea@icpe-ca.ro
(+40-21)346.72.31 / 128
(+40-21)346.82.99
determining the level of attenuation of electromagnetic screens used to protect electronic equipment, buildings
and/or humans exposed to electromagnetic radiations;
determining the level of electromagnetic field;
determining the electromagnetic field of electrical and electronic devices;
measurements of the dielectric permittivity (in complex), the loss tangent in the frequency range 40 Hz –
30 MHz;
measurements of the magnetic permeability (in complex) in the frequency range 40 Hz – 110 MHz;
measurements of the surface and volume resistivity;
spectral analysis of infrared images for electrical circuits, printed circuit boards, fire prevention, electrical
connections, buildings etc.;
THz transmission spectroscopy;
high voltage equipment testing.
LABORATORY for EVALUATION of THERMAL BEHAVIOR
of PRODUCTS and MATERIALS
Head of Laboratory:
E-mail:
Phone:
Fax:
Dr. Eng. Petru BUDRUGEAC
petru.budrugeac@icpe-ca.ro
(+40-21)346.72.31 / 118
(+40-21)346.82.99
Deputy Head of Laboratory: Dr. Eng. Andrei CUCOŞ
E-mail:
andrei.cucos@icpe-ca.ro
Phone:
(+40-21)346.72.31 / 160
Fax:
(+40-21)346.82.99
FIELDS OF ACTIVITY
thermogravimetry (TG);
derivative thermogravimetry (DTG);
diffeential thermal analysis (DTA);
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC);
dilatometry (DIL);
dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA);
determining the thermal lifetime of the polymeric materials, including the polymeric electroinsulating
materials;
physico-chemical characteization of materials from heritage objects.
LaboratorY for MICRO and NANOELECTROMECHANICAL
TESTING
Head of Laboratory:
E-mail:
Phone:
Fax:
Dr. Eng. Dragoş OVEZEA
dragos.ovezea@icpe-ca.ro
(+40-21)346.72.31 / 210, 211
(+40-21)346.82.99
FIELDS OF ACTIVITY
Measurements of micro and nanodisplacements;
Measurements of surfaces nano roughness (profile diagrams).
OFFICE for ADMINISTRATIVE DUTIES, SECURITY,
EMERGENCIES, CIVIL PROTECTION, CHIEF MECHANIC
Head Office:
E-mail:
Tel.:
Fax: Technician Aurel CHIŢOAIA
aurel.chitoaia@icpe-ca.ro
(+40-21)346.72.31/156
(+40-21)346.82.99
FIELDS OF ACTIVITY
maintenance, rational use and record of buildings, facilities related to other fixed means and inventory
items that are in the institute administration;
operating, maintenance and repair activities of the ICPE-CA vehicles, ensuring their rational use;
make proposals to the investment plan and repair the buildings, facilities related to other fixed means
that are in the institute administration, follows the carrying out of the work involved and participates to
perform the repairs;
participation in the reception of maintenance, repair and carrying out of works only on the basis of
management;
monthly performing the inventory of fuel stock from the car tanks and filling in the documents regarding
the transport activity; check daily activities of institute’s drivers and manage fuel vouchers;
announces the institute’s leadership regarding the damage, downgrade, loss or theft of goods from
inventory;
prepares reports for the consumption of materials and confirms the payment status regarding on
consumption of energy, water, heating, gas, sanitation, repair of the institute.
Our expertise
National projects
Multifunctional materials with apPLications in electrical enginEering
Direct laser printing of polymer‑graphene composites
(POLYGRAPH)
ABSTRACT
The chemical engraving of the various surfaces
with graphene is the hot topic of graphene and related
graphene materials with great practical importance
in electronics, sensors, field effect transistors,
supercapacitors, optical and optoelectronic devices, etc.
Al these are due to their physic and chemical properties
of graphene and graphene-polymer composites.
The general objective of the project is to design and
obtain a series of polymer-graphene composites by a
new technique based on laser curing, consist of four
stages that proceed over 3 years. Activity II /2013.
Obtaining of polymer-graphene composites by photopolymerisation with laser.
INTRODUCTION
Graphene has emerged as a subject of enormous
scientifically interest due to is exceptional electron
transport, mechanical properties, and high surface
area , has attached large attention as a reinforcement
of polymers due to its ability to modify electrical
conductivity, mechanical and gas barrier , properties
of host polymers and its potentially lower cost than
carbon nanotubes. Graphene films and composites
have attractive electronic and optical properties,
making them ideal for photonics and optoelectronics.
POLYGRAPH project proposes a new technique
to develop graphene based polymers nanocomposite
by IR fentosecond laser photo-polymerisation of
nanomonomer/graphene system. The general objective
of the project is to produce 2D and 3D structures of
graphene based polymer nanocomposites by laser
writing of monomer-graphene composite using an FSIR laser.
Research staff of the project
Dr. Eng. Ion Ioana, CS III - project responsible
Research - scientific team
Dr. Eng Lungu Magdalena Valentina, CS II
Postdoc. Eng. Rîmbu Gimi Aurelian, CS I
Dr. Eng. Lucaci Mariana, CS I
Dr. Eng. Brătulescu Alexandra, CS III
Dr. Eng. Banciu Cristina Antonela, CS III
Eng. Stancu Nicolae, IDT I
Dr. Eng. Prioteasa Ionela Paula, CS
PhDs Eng. Cîrstea Cristiana Diana, CS
Worker Neagu Dan
Technician Ifrim Mircea
Technician Vlad Dorina
Caracterization - technical team
Dr. Eng. Iordoc Mihai, CS
Dr. Phys. Sbârcea Gabriela Beatrice, CS
Dr. Eng. Tsakiris Violeta, CS II
Dr. Eng. Pleşa Ilona, CS III
Dr. Eng. Cucoş Andrei, CS III
Dr. Eng. Dobrin Ion, CS II
Eng. Teişanu Aristofan, IDT II
Asst. Eng. Hajdu Carmen
EXPERIMENTAL
At this stage, the partner P2 ICPE-CA prepared three
sorts of solutions obtained by the liquid exfoliation
method:
1) liquid exfoliation in NMP,
2) liquid exfoliation in alcoholic solutions,
3) liquid exfoliation in THF.
The colloidal suspensions were characterized by:
• DLS method for determining hydrodynamic diameter,
particle size distribution and polydispersity,
• LDV method for determining zeta potential
(suspension stability) of colloidal solutions,
• UV-VIS light absorption spectrophotometry
method for recording absorbance spectra of colloidal
solutions.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The experimental results obtained by DLS method
for NMP colloidal solution for hydrodynamic diameter,
particle size distribution and polydispersity are
presented in table 1.
Table 1. Hydrodynamic diameter, particle size distribution and polydispersity, for NMP colloidal solution
Raw
material
type
Sort I
Sort II
Sort III
Hydrodynamic
diameter
dMSD [nm]
168.3
163.9
170.8
Polydispersity
0.05
0.05
0.10
National projects
The experimental results obtained by DLS method
for alcoholic colloidal solution for hydrodynamic
diameter, particle size distribution and polydispersity
are presented in table 2.
Table 2. Hydrodynamic diameter, particle size
distribution and polydispersity, for alcoholic colloidal
solution
alcoholic
solution
code
Code 1
Code 2
Code 3
Average
hydrodynamic
diameter
dMSD [nm]
634.5
1319.7
337.4
Polydispersity
1.c
Fig. 1. a, b, c represent the Zeta potential for
alcoholic solution code 1-3
0.181
0.235
0.212
The picture 2 represents the Raman Spectres for
alcoholic solution.
The picture 1 (a, b, c) represent the Zeta potential
for alcoholic solution code 1-3, and the picture 4,
respective 5, represent UV-Vis specters, respective
Raman for alcoholic solution code 1-3.
1.a.
1.b.
Fig. 2. RAMAN spectres for alcoholic solution
code 1 and code 2
CONCLUSIONS
• the carbonic particles respective the obtained
graphene from colloidal solution present an average
hydrodynamic diameter in the range from 163.9 to
170.8 nm in NMP, 337.4 to 1319.7 nm in alcoholic
solution and from 68.7 to 91.2 nm in THF;
• all the UV-Vis absorption spectra of the
colloidal solutions present specific absorption peak
at 275.5 nm in NMP, between 270 - 276 nm in
alcoholic suspension and 283.5 - 287.5 nm in
THF;
• the best result was obtained for alcoholic
solutions, were obtained multilayer grapheme
for solution code 1 (3-4 graphene layers) and
code 2 (4-9 layers graphene) according to Raman
spectroscopy analysis.
REFERENCES
1. Fethullah Gunes, Gang Hee Han, Ki Kang Kim,
Eun Sung Kim, Seung Jin Ghae, Large-area graphenebased flexible transparent conducting filmsnano: Brief
National projects
Reports and Reviews Vol. 4, No. 2 (2009) 83–90.
2.Xuesong Lia, Weiwei Caia, Jinho Ana, Seyoung
Kimb, Junghyo Nahb, Dongxing Yanga, Richard
Pinera, Aruna Velamakannia, Inhwa Junga, Emanuel
Tutucb, Sanjay K. Banerjeeb, Luigi Colomboc, Rodney
S. Ruoffa, Large-Area Synthesis of High-Quality and
Uniform Graphene Films on Copper Foils.
3. Weiwei Cai1, Richard D. Piner1, Yanwu
Zhu1, Xuesong Li, Zhenbing Tan, Herman Carlo
Floresca,Changli Yang, Li Lu, M. J. Kim, Rodney S.
Ruoff, Synthesis of Isotopically-Labeled Graphite
Films by Cold-Wall Chemical Vapor Deposition and
Electronic Properties of Graphene Obtained from
Such Films, NanoRes2:851-856, 2009.
4. Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D,
Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Grigorieva I V and Firsov A.,
A 2004 Science 306 666.
5. Gunho Jo, Minhyeok Choe, Chu-Young Cho,
Jin Ho Kim,Woojin Park, Sangchul Lee, Woong-Ki
Hong, Tae-Wook Kim, Seong-Ju Park, Byung Hee
Hong, Yung Ho Kahng and Takhee Lee, Large-scale
patterned multi-layer graphene films as transparent
conducting electrodes for GaN light-emitting diodes,
Nanotechnology 21 (2010) 175201.
6. Brodie B.C., Surle poids atomique du graphite,
Ann Chim Phys1860; 59:466–72.
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oxide, J Am Chem Soc 1958;80 :1339.
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Patent 2798878, 1958.
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Boehm H.P., Clauss A., Fischer G.O.,
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U., The adsorption behavior of very thin carbon films,
Z Anorg Allg Chem 1962; 316:119–27.
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a cărbunilor, Ed. IPB Bucureşti, Romania, 1996.
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radioactivitate tehnică si ecologie nucleară specifice
caustobiolitelor, Ed. Printech, Bucureşti, 1999.
14. Barca F., Roman R., Procese de obţinere a cocsului
si electrozilor, Editura PRINTECH Bucureşti.
15. Hutinger K.J., Rosemblatt U., Fourth London
International Conference on Carbon and Graphite,
London 1946, pp 48.
16. A. K. Geim & K. S. Novoselov, The rise of
grapheme, Nature Materials Vol 6 183-191 (March
2007).
17. N. D. Mermin, Crystalline Order in Two Dimensions, Phys. Rev. 176, 1 250-253.
18. H. W. Kroto, J. R. Heath, S. C. O’Brien, R. F. Curl
& R. E. Smalley, C60: Buckminsterfullerene, Nature
318, 162-163 (1985).
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carbon, Nature 354, 56-58 (1991).
20. P. R. Wallace, The band theory of graphite, Phys.
Rev. 71, 622-634 (1947).
21. J. C. Slonczewski & P. R. Weiss, Band structure
of graphite, Phys. Rev. 109, 272-279 (1958).
22. A. Fasolino, J. H. Los & M. I. Katsnelson, Intrinsic
ripples in graphene, Nature Materials 6, 858-861
(2007).
23. K. S. Novoselov, et al., Electric field effect in
atomically thin carbon films, Science 306, 666-669
(2004).
24. K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov,
D. Jiang, M. I. Katsnelson, I. V. Grigorieva, S. V.
Dubonos & A. A. Firsov, Two-dimensional gas of
massless Dirac fermions in grapheme, Nature, 438
197-200 (2005).
25. Adrian M. J. Schakel, Relativistic quantum Hall
effect, Phys. Rev. D 43, 4 1428-1431 (1991).
26. J. Hass, R. Feng, T. Li, X. Li, Z. Zong, W. A.
de Heer, P. N. First & E. H. Conrad, Highly ordered
graphene for two dimensional electronics, Applied
Physics Letters 89, (2006).
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grapheme, July 25, 2007.
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Hoon KimSaswata, Joong Hee Lee, Recent advances
in graphene based polymer composites, Progress in
Polymer Science 35 (2010) 1350–1375.
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Bielawski, Rodney S. Ruoff, Graphene-based polymer
nanocomposites, Polymer 52 (2011) 5-25.
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Das, Saiful I. Khondaker, Sudipta Seal, Graphene
based materials: Past, present and future, Progress in
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The research was financed by the National Programme
of Research, Development and Innovation - PNCDI II,
contract no. 146/2012 (7091-2013)
National projects
Thermo-insulating coatings with “microspheres” ceramic-TMC
ABSTRACT
The project has the aim to achieve a coating material
environmentally friendly, anticorrosive with properties
thermal and electrical insulation, made from a waterbased polyvinyl paint and addition of microspheres
ceramic type α Al2O3.
The alumina microspheres hollow were obtained by
sol-gel technique and ion extraction.
Was achievement the experimental models insulating
coating material with ceramic microspheres.
It was determined specific characteristics of
the coating material experimental models: thermal
conductivity, dielectric permittivity and corrosion
resistance.
INTRODUCTION
At the moment, there is a global concern in the
development and use of „hollow ceramic microspheres”
as fillers in coatings [1]. Coatings are used in various
industries; many companies use such materials in order
to achieve economic benefits.
Coating materials with “hollow ceramic microspheres”,
creates a thermal barrier in the material and thermal
energy saving occurs. Internationally there are companies
specializing in the manufacture and marketing of such
materials: 3MTM, Microsphere NASA, HY-TECH Thermal
Solutions and U.S. Schenna [2, 3]. Microspheres are
spherical particles with cavity; they have micron and
submicron dimensions, the wall cavity to 10% of particle
diameter. The microspheres cavity is closed, achieving
a cavity of “thermos” type, which will create a thermal
barrier and acoustic the structure of covering material
[4-9]. There are many techniques of obtaining hollow
ceramic microspheres, discussed by different authors
such as Wilcox and M. Berg and Chatterjee [7-11].
In this context, the general objectives of the
project are:
- the experimentation of the composition of
ceramic microspheres using environmentally friendly
precursors;
- the characterization of the ceramic microspheres;
- achievement experimental model anticorrosive
thermo-insulating coating material with ceramic
microspheres.
Eng. Georgeta Velciu, IDT I – head of the project
Dr. Eng. Iosif Lingvay, CP I
Eng. Christu Ţârdei, CP III
Eng. Alina Dumitru, CS III
Eng. Phys. Virgil Marinescu, CS
Dr. Phys. Gabriela Sbarcea, CS
Dr. Eng. Violeta Tsakiris, CP I
Dr. Eng. Mihai Iordoc, CS
Techn. Elena Nicolaescu
EXPERIMENTAL
In the previous stages of the project was obtained
αAl2O3 the ceramic microspheres using the sol-gel
technique combined with the technique of extraction
ions of the emulsion.
It was used as raw materials: alumina precursor
salt and a range of solvents and toxic gelling agents
(amines “carcinogens” 12th Report on Carcinogens,
ROC, June 10, 2011).
The technology steps of ceramic microspheres are
the following:
I. Preparation of the alumina
II. Preparation of water-oil type emulsion (W/O)
III. Preparation oxide gel microspheres.
From the experiments performed were selected two
models of ceramic microspheres namely MAE7 and
MAE9.
The gel microspheres were claimed at 1200oC and
characterized by specific analysis to determine the
morphology (X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy).
It was achieved:
- experimental models of type α Al2O3 ceramic
microspheres (MAE5-MAE10) obtained by sol-gel
technique and ion extraction, of these two models
were selected that presented the best morphology
MAE7, MAE9;
- were synthesized the hollow ceramic microspheres,
with average diameter of 24.5μm to 34μm and up to
the minimum of 9.7μm and wall thickness 10% of the
diameter of the microspheres (fig. 1, 2). The results
are comparable with those in the scientific literature.
Fig.1. Scanning Electron Microscope MAE - 7
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Fig.2. Scanning Electron Microscope MAE - 9
There have been designs of coating materials
with a water-based paint, vinyl type, with ceramic
microspheres αAl2O3 type, as follows:
- two model thermo-insulating coatings with
microspheres type αAl2O3 (8% MFA 7) - VME 2 Sample 3;
- the stability and durability of the coating was
determined by electrochemical techniques. Shown in
Figure 2 is the electric potential variation depending on
current electrical intensity, as follows:
- the control sample analyzed in the absence paint
layer introduced 1%NaCl solution has corrosion
current of approx. 0.10 mA/cm2;
- sample 2 painted ca. 150μm polyvinyl type paint
based on water without the addition of microspheres
has mixed current I0 = 0.05 mA/cm2;
- sample 3 with added 8% microspheres has mixed
current I0 = 0.021 mA/cm2.
Fig. 4.Variation of permittivity imaginary
component with frequency of the electric field
for P1 and P3 sample
Addition of 8% αAl2O3 microspheres leads to lower
dielectric loss in the frequency of 50 Hz to 3.17 for
sample P3 with 8% to 7.79 that show P1 control
sample. This can be explained by the fact that at low
frequencies, the interfacial polarization occurs from
interfaces created by paint and Al2O3. Thus, the air
gaps stored in αAl2O3 empty microspheres are a cause
of reduction relative permittivity. Thermal conductivity
measurement results show that it is modified depending
on the composition of the coating (Fig.5).
Fig.3. The electric potential variation depending on
current electrical intensity
From the data analysis it is observed that, one control
sample without the addition of ceramic microspheres
have higher thermal conductivity values than sample 2
with 5% addition of ceramic microspheres 8% added
ceramic microspheres. It is observed that, addition
of double microspheres corrosion resistance of the
coating to increase corrosion resistance is due to the
presence αAl2O3 ceramic microspheres.
Dielectric
permittivity
measurement
results
performed on samples: P1 control (without addition of
microspheres) and P3 with 8% addition of microspheres
are shown in the graphs below:
For all samples measured are found a decreasing
of the permittivity normal component with increasing
frequency.
Fig. 5. Variation of thermal conductivity with
temperature
The average value of thermal conductivity for the
coating material model with microspheres has values
around 0.3-0.6 W/mK. The decrease in thermal
conductivity is explained by the presence of ceramic
microspheres who also carrying a thermal barrier in
coating material.
CONCLUSIONS
The main conclusions drawn from the experiments
carried out are:
1. The gel microspheres were calcined and
characterized by XRD and SEM. The results confirm
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2.
3.
4.
5.
the formation of the αAl2O3 with rhombohedral
structure and hexagonal axis. The electron
microscopy confirmed the spherical morphology
with hollow of a gel particles calcined in models of
selected ceramic microspheres (MAE 7 MAE 9):
In the synthesis process of microspheres, the
technological parameter have a significant role, a
variation of a parameter or failure to comply may
lead to various forms of ceramic particles (non spherical, without cavity);
The use of ceramic microspheres as filler additions
in coating materials have printed a decrease
in thermal conductivity obtaining value of the
thermal conductivity of 0.3 W/mK at a content of
5% microspheres;
The corrosion resistance of insulating coating
material increases with increasing of the
concentration of ceramic microspheres added to
the material;
The presence of 8% concentration of αAl2O3
microspheres in a coating materials lead to a
reduction of dielectric loss.
REFERENCES
[1] HOTĂRÂREA nr. 699 din 12 iunie 2003 privind
stabilirea unor măsuri pentru reducerea emisiilor
de compuşi organici volatili datorate utilizării
solvenţilor oganici în anumite activităţi şi
instalaţii
[2] www.solutions.3m.com
[3] www.microspheretechnology.com/microsphere
technology
[4] K. Suryavanshi, R. Naraxan Swamy, Development
of lightweight mixes using ceramic microspheres
as fillers, Cement and Concrete Research 32,
2002, pp. 1783-1789
[5] Stuart M. Lee, Handbook of Composite
Reinforcements, Ed. Lee, 1993, pp. 248
[6] Beatriz del Amo, Cecilia Deya, Patricia Zalba,
Zeolitic rock as new pigment for ceiling paints.
Influence of the pigment volume concentration,
Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 84, 2005,
pp.353-356
[7] Shohreh Fateni, Marzam Khakbaz Varkani, Zahra
Ranjabar, Saeed Bastani, Optimization of the
water-based road-marking paint by experimental
design, mixture method, Progres in Organic
Coatings 55, 2006, pp.337-344
[8] Arvind K. Suryavanshi, R. Narayan Swamy,
Development of lightweight mixed using ceramic
microspheres as fillers, Cement and Concrete
Research 32 (2002), 1783-1789
[9] Vipsari Kanchanason, Manasit Sarigaphuti,
Effect of Tzpes of Cellular Materiale on Thermal
Conductivity of Cerment Composite, Journal of
the Microscopy Societz of Thailand (1), 2010, pp.
29-32
[10] D.L. Wilcox, M. Berg, T.Bernat, D. Kellerman,
and J.K.Cochran, Hollow and Solid Spheres and
Microspheres: Science and Technology Associated
with their Fabrication and Application, MRS,
1995, 372
[11] M. K. Naskar, M. Chatterjee, A. Dey, and K.
Basu, Effects of processing parameters on the
fabrication of near-net-shape fibre reinforced
oxide ceramic matrix composites via sol-gel route,
Ceramics International 2004, 30, 257
[12] M. K. Naskar, M. Chatterjee, Sol-emulsion-gel
synthesis of hollow mullite microspheres, Journal
of Materials Science 2002, 37, 343
[13] M. Chatterjee, D. Enkhtuvshin, B. Siladitya, and
D. Ganguli, Hollow alumina microspheres from
boehmite sols, Journal of Materials Science 1998,
33, 4937
[14] M. Chatterjee, M. K. Naskar, and D. Ganguli,
Sol-Emulsion-Gel Synthesis of Alumina – Zirconia
Composite Microspheres, Journal of Sol-Gel
Science and Technology 2003, 28, 217
contract no. PN-09-35-02-03 (5203/2009).
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Composite Materials with Performant Mechanical Properties
ABSTRACT
Given current technological development, special
emphasis was placed on developing new composite
materials with superior properties and compatible with
the environment. Composite materials to traditional
one, has many advantages including advanced
mechanical properties. These materials superior to
traditional ones, have great applicability in many areas:
armaments industry, aerospace, automotive, rail, optical
mechanical assemblies and thermal management
products, recreation (baseball bats, golf clubs, skates ,
bicycle frames, etc.), electrical industry (semiconductor
components, and thermo insulating materials, etc.).
To align with the fundamental research area, the
electrical engineering, in the ICPE-CA, are proposed
advanced materials in terms of mechanical properties,
electrical and magnetic, such as metallic, carbon,
ceramic and magnetic materials, for use in various
applications in electrical engineering.
INTRODUCTION
Aim of the project is to develop advanced composite
materials with mechanical properties for various
applications in Electrical Engineering.
To achieve the project were proposed objectives,
design and development of nonoxide ceramic materials;
development of functional thin layers from ceramic
materials aluminum nitride based [1-3]; development
of experimental models of multi-walled CNT [4-8];
development of conducting ceramic support and
semiconductor layers deposited of catalysts intended
growth of carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor
deposition [9-14]; EM realization of magnetic material
with planar anisotropy, obtaining experimental
models of nanocomposites with hardening exchange
interaction [15-19]; the characterization of composite
material mechanical strength and ability to absorb
electromagnetic waves high, experimental models to
reduce radar cross section [20-26]; obtaining advanced
composite materials in the form of EM planar type,
carbon-steel junction with functionally gradient at
operating temperature of 700-900 ° C.
Eng. Florentina Albu, project responsible
Dr.Eng. Magdalena Lungu, project co-responsible
Eng. Cristian Șeitan
Dr. Eng. Phys. Eros Pătroi
Dr.Eng. Adela Băra
Dr.Eng. Mihai Bădic
Dr. Eng. Elena Enescu
Eng. Christu Ţârdei
Eng. Georgeta Velciu
Eng. Alexandra Brătulescu
Eng. Phys. Virgil Marinescu
Dr.Eng. Mirela Codescu
Dr.Eng. Jana Pintea
a.o.
EXPERIMENTAL
The following types of results were obtained in order
to accomplish the objectives proposed in 2013:
Objective 1: Development of nonoxide ceramic
materials
l The following experimental work was carried out to
achieve the functional model of a thin layer of ceramic
material based on aluminium nitride thin layers were
made of material A2.2 (95% AlN 3% Y2O3 +2%
CaF2) on a copper and aluminium. Both the ceramic
material (as samples) and thin layers produced from it
were characterized in terms of structural, mechanical,
dielectric (stiffness and dielectric permittivity) and
heat (thermal conductivity).
l Experimental
works were also effectuated
for certification of ceramic material based on AlN with
electro-insulating and thermal conductive properties
Objective 2: Carbon fibers
l Were characterized experimental models of carbon
fiber made in earlier stages (FC 1500, FC 1800, FC
2000). Samples of experimental models of carbon
fiber were subjected to extreme electrochemical
applications, including:
- Loop in the -1.6 to 2.6 VESC, the potential scanning
speed of 200 mV/s for 3 hours;
- Excessive anodizing +2.6 VESC for 3 hours;
l In diverse environments: 1% NaCl solution, KOH
solution pH=13, HNO3 solution, pH=0.4.
l Polarization curves were drawn before and after
electrochemical pre-specified requests [14].
l Experimental models of carbon fiber studied were
characterized from physico-chemical and morphostructural by: X-ray diffraction, FTIR-ATR, scanning
electron microscopy (SEM, FIB), qualitative elemental
analysis by dispersive energy spectral technique
(EDS) and were determined: electrical resistivity,
tensile strength and elasticity modulus, coefficient of
partially heat transfer, and the thermal conductivity
of the carbon fiber for both the reference sample
(not subject electrochemical applications), as well as
electrochemical applications.
l In the second stage were performed of experimental
models of graphite fiber. Experimental models developed
were characterized in terms of morphological structure
by XRD, SEM, TEM, AFM / STM microscopy.
Objective 3: Research on CNT achievement
Attaining the proposed objectives in 2013, were
performed the following:
l experiments for obtaining nickel catalyst layer 5-20
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nm thick ceramic substrate (alumina) or semiconductor
(Si or SiO2-coated Si) using magnetron sputtering;
l characterization samples deposited catalytic on nickel
substrates by XRD, SEM, AFM;
l obtaining experimental models of multi-walled
CNT by the CVD method using catalyst substrates
achieved, the physical and structural characterization
of the EM nanotubes obtained by X-ray diffraction
and SEM microscopy;
l Preliminary testing of micro electro-spinning of
PVA solution, namely PVA/CNT, morphological
characterization by SEM microscopy.
Objective 4: Magnetic materials
l There were obtain and characterized structurally
and magnetically 28 models. In order to obtain
nanocomposites based on Nd2Fe14B / α-Fe were
developed and molded in induction furnace, vacuum/
controlled atmosphere (argon) three types of
composition: Nd11Fe83B6 (corresponding Nd2Fe14B
+ 5% Fe), Nd10.5Fe84B5.5 (corresponding Nd2Fe14B
+ 10% Fe), Nd10Fe85B5, (corresponding Nd2Fe14B
+ 15% Fe). From structural determinations made
by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) revealed that: both phases can be
observed, Nd2Fe14B and, respectively, crystallized Fe.
Diffraction spectra of powders obtained by grinding
ribbons, presents both phases in the crystalline state.
l From magnetic determinations made using Brockhaus
Messtechnik hysterisgraph, resulted the following:
hysteresis cycles obtained from characterization
showed the influence of the addition of iron in
composition; has been observed promising values of
the magnetic properties, for the compaction powders
obtained from ribbons, the two methods for obtaining
the ribbons showed the influence of parameters in
obtaining powders and revealed the need of nucleation
of the two magnetic phases.
l It was found that for the extra iron compositions
obtained by sintering in plasma, magnetic properties
are determined largely by the request conditions
required for processing.
Objective 5: Composite material with mechanical
strength and ability to absorb electromagnetic waves
high
l There
were structurally, mechanically, and
electromagnetically characterized control specimens
of cooper, brass, and bismuth as well as two composite
materials: one based on ferrite and another based on
carbon fibbers in wax matrix.
For
the
functional
characterization,
three
measurement methods were employed: vector network
analyzer with waveguide method, vector network
analyzer with antennas, and the measurement method
with antennas in the anechoic chamber, in the 1 – 10
GHz frequency range.
l Regarding the shielding materials (SM) for reducing
RCS, the electromagnetic characteristics of some
structures that simulate metamaterials were
investigated. According to the equivalent circuits,
micro-solenoids were designed and built so that to
exhibit resonances around 1 GHz. These resonance
frequencies were theoretically calculated based on
the estimated values of the intrinsic inductivity and
the capacitance between turns.
l Preliminary tests aimed to determine the reflectivity
(S11) and the transmission (S21) of some metamaterials
with such structure, in three different configurations,
using the three types of measurements.
l Experimental SM were designed and achieved for
impedance matching layers, resonant layers for
improving the electromagnetic absorption capability
of the multilayer materials (radar range). They were
achieved by respecting the principles of obtaining the
Salisbury and Dallenbach shields.
Objective 6: Planar junctions
Advanced composite materials in form of experimental
models (EM) of planar junctions of carbon-steel type
with functional gradient for working temperatures of
700-900°C were achieved by the joining method of
spark plasma sintering (SPS) in vacuum, at pressing
pressure of 5-10 MPa, sintering temperature of 900°C,
dwell time of 5 minutes, temperature increase rate of
100oC/min and cooling rate of 50oC/min. The junctions
were characterized in terms of morphological structure
by electron microscopy and of mechanical properties
such as resistance to bending/shear determined
by three-point method, with the carbon material
in compression, and Vickers hardness and Young’s
modulus by nanoindentation.
Objective 1: Development of non-oxide ceramic
materials
l A AlN based ceramic material with addition 3% Y2O3
+2% CaF2 been made.
l Specimens were made of sintered AlN-based ceramics
for characterizations of material from which deposits
are obtained.
l Very good results were obtained for the mechanical,
electrical and thermal:
l Bending mechanical resistance: 180 ... 190 MP;
l Electrical Resistivity: 5 ... 6 × 1014Ωcm;
l Very low dielectric loss at high frequencies;
l Quality Factor Q: 45 ... 50 between 0.5 and 50
kHz.
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achievement.
thin films (530 μm) were made by the method
of vacuum evaporation on the substrate of Cu and
Al.
l AlN
0.30
Pierderile dielectrice tg
δ
0.25
A2-3
A2-6
A2-18
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
Frecventa [Hz]
Fig.4. Determination of thickness deposited
Fig. 1. Variation of dielectric loss with frequency
Factor de calitate Q
50
A2-3
A2-6
A2-18
40
30
20
10
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
Frecventa [Hz]
Fig. 2. Variation of quality factor with frequency
l The thermal conductivity of AlN ceramic material
based A2.2 is very good (94...141 W/(m*K).
l It was developed a technology for obtaining AlN
based ceramic by induction sintering.
l A functional model was developed based on AlN
ceramic electro insulating and the heat-conducting
properties.
l “Thermally Conductive and Electro Insulating Support
Designed for the Assembly of Power Electronic
Devices” Technical Specification was developed.
l It was made the Certify Documentation of thermally
conductive and insulating substrate.
From the polarization curves for carbon fibers
electrochemically applied in 1% NaCl solution results
that on the anodic branch, there are two distinct
processes with different Taffel slopes: first, in +600÷1200mVESC, corresponding oxygen evolution and the
second, over 1200mVESC corresponding emission of
chlorine (Figure 5-7), the maximum sample currents
carbon fiber made by carbonization at 2000°C.
Following the request electrochemical stress, no
significant changes were observed in the behaviour of
the samples studied [14], indicating maximum stability
of carbon fiber samples obtained at 2000°C.
The basic solution of KOH pH13, similar
behaviour
was
observed,
2000°C
fiber
presenting, in this case, maximum stability.
Regarding the behaviour of carbon fiber samples
strongly acidic and oxidizing environment, it was found
that the anodic process is still in the discharge of oxygen
but only the most positive potential 1200mVESC. The
samples studied had limited stability, observing, first,
the weakening of carbonaceous material.
Fig.3. Variation of thermal conductivity with
temperature
l AlN-based ceramic sintered disks Ø50 mm were
performed, target to be used to deposition
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1
FC 1800 - NaCl 1%
ciclat 3 ore -1,6 - +2,6V
initial
0,5
anodizat 3 ore +2,6V
0
-1800 -1400 -1000 -600 -200 200
600 1000 1400 1800 2200 2600
log j [mA/cml]
-0,5
-1
-1,5
-2
Potential [mV ESC]
-2,5
b
a
1,5
1
FC-1800C-NaOH -pH13
Log j [mA/cm]
0,5
0
-1800
-800
-0,5
200
1200
2200
-1
-1,5
initial
-2
anodizat 3 ore la 2,6V
-2,5
c
ciclat 3 ore -1,6-+2,6V
-3
Potential [mVESC]
Fig. 6. Diffraction spectra of the experimental
series FC 1800: a) NaCl 1% solution; b) KOH ph 13
solution; c) HNO3 ph 0,4
b
1
FC1800 - HNO3 pH 0,4
0,5
log j [mA/cml]
-1800 -1300
-800
0
-300
200
700
1200
1700
2200
2700
-0,5
-1
-1,5
-2
-2,5
initial
Series2
-3
-3,5
Potential [mV - ESC]
-4
c
Fig. 5. Potential curves for FC 1800: a) NaCl 1%
solution; b) KOH ph 13 solution; c) HNO3 ph 0,4
d
a
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e
a
b
c
d
Fig. 8. SEM images of carbon fiber FC 1800:
a) untreated; b) treated in NaCl 1% solution;
b) treated in KOH ph 13 solution; c)treated in HNO3 ph 0,4
From the point of view of mechanical properties,
the results obtained for the experimental model
FC 1800 before and after electrochemical request
in the three environments are shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Elastic modulus and elongation at rupture for
the experimental model FC 1800
f
Fig. 7. ATR FTIR spectra recorded on the series
1800: a) NaCl 1% solution; b) KOH ph 13 solution;
c) HNO3 ph 0,4
ATR-FTIR spectra were recorded on carbon fiber
subjected to the anodizing process, that is studied
cycling in the three environments are comparable with
those from the reference fiber (Fig. 7). This suggests
that the carbon fiber does not change due to stress
conditions, and these changes are at the detection
limit of the method used.
In terms of morpho-structural, microscopic investigation
of samples studied by electron microscopy SEM
revealed preserve their structural integrity (Fig. 8).
FC 1800
E GPa)
reference
NaCl cycling
NaCl anodized
KOH cycling
KOH anodized
HNO3 cycling
HNO3 anodized
309,4±47,9
318.9±39.8
310.0±30.7
290.2±17.3
294±36.3
363.9±22.4
375.1±16.9
Elongation
(%)
0,719±0,109
0.798±0.170
0.717±0.200
0.822±0.133
0.877±0.268
0.920±0.154
0.879±0.236
Regarding the thermal behaviour of the samples
studied, it was found that the heat transfer of the partial
coefficient values (α) of carbon fibers studied, has not
changed significantly as a result of electrochemical
applications, which are determined primarily by the
temperature of the fiber production . The values were
determined in part by the heat transfer coefficient (α)
of the order of 75000 W/m2K for FC 1500, 85000 W/
m2K for FC 1800, respectively 90000 W/m2K for FC
2000.
In the second stage, were performed and
characterized in terms of morpho-structural point of
view experimental models of graphite fiber: FG2400,
FG2500, FG2500T using precursor experimental model
of precarbonized fiber obtained in the previous stages.
Relevant results are shown in the following.
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In terms of the measured electrical properties
(resistivity), it was found that by graphitization at
temperatures between 2400 – 2500oC occurs decrease
the electrical resistivity of fibers obtained to values of
the order of 10-6Ω·m;
Fig. 9. Diffraction spectra corresponding FG2400,
FG2500, FG2500T experimental models –
comparative presentation
Results obtained regarding the morphology and
structure of the FG2500 experimental models are
shown in Figure 10.
Following the laboratory experiments performed, the
following results were obtained:
The experiments were carried out to obtain the
catalyst layer of nickel with a thickness of 5-20 nm on
the ceramic substrate (alumina) or semiconductor (Si
or Si layer of SiO2) by magnetron sputtering method.
Experimental models of catalytic supports were
tested in order to increase the multi-walled carbon
nanotubes (MWCNT) in two versions: with and without
heat treatment of the catalyst annealing, according to
Table 2.
The 6 EM of catalytic substrate were characterized
from morpho-structural (AFM, SEM, XRD) point of
view to reveal any morpho-structural catalyst particles
after heat treatment recovery.
Table 2. Semiconductor ceramic substrate and
catalyst Ni experimental models
Fig. 10. SEM images of the FC 2500 experimental model
Structural investigation of the FG2500 graphite fiber
experimental model by transmission microscopy lead to the
conclusion that there is a crystalline structure turbostatic
graphite-type, can be that can be identified crystallite
with about 10 flat graphene size of about 3.66nm, which
is a d002 parameter of about 3.66Ǻ crystal lattice. These
data supplement the data obtained by XRD where, by
calculating network parameters showed a crystallite can
be up to 15 flat graphene.
Substrate
Catalyst
Si
Si
Si
Si /SiO2
Si/ SiO2
Si/ SiO2
Al2O3
Al2O3
Al2O3
Ni
Ni
Ni
Ni
Ni
Ni
Ni
Ni
Ni
Annealing treatment
Temp.
Time
[°C]
[min.]
700
30
750
30
700
30
750
30
700
30
750
30
Ni catalyst layer morphology, studied by AFM
before and after heat annealing treatment (Fig. 12)
show a catalyst grain shape and size, regardless of
the substrate used. Therefore, as shown in the figures
below, the heat treatment for recovery of the Ni layer
deposited on substrates of silicon, silicon coated SiO2
that increases from the tip of the grain size, while in
the case of alumina substrate, the effect of the heat
treatment is the opposite, with a reduction in grain size
from about 800 nm to about 200 nm.
Fig. 11. Enlarged image of an area with about 10 flat
graphene crystal
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In the last stage were performed multi-walled carbon
nanotubes EM and characterized from morpho-structural
point of view by SEM and HRTEM microscopy.
a
b
c
d
e
a
b
f
Fig. 12. The topography of the Ni catalyst: a) Si
substrate without reversion; b) Si substrate with
reversion; c) Si/SiO2 substrate without reversion;
d) Si/SiO2 substrate with reversion; e) Al2O3
substrate without reversion; f) Al2O3 substrate
with reversion
c
Catalytic substrates were experimented to increase
carbon nanotubes by CVD method.
Carbon nanotubes EM thus obtained were analyzed
comparatively from morphological structure point
of view by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and
X-ray diffraction, results are presented in Figures 1315 selective regarding CNT morphology obtained.
d
Fig. 16. Multi-walled CNT obtained by CVD
growth on the substrate Si (100) n-type
coated by Ti (100 nm) and Ni catalyst: a) SEM
image magnification 10000x b) SEM image
magnification 200000x and c, d) HRTEM images
In order to achieve the preliminary tests to obtain
nanocomposite polymer microfiber / CNT were
performed 8% PVA solution with 2% MWCNT.
a
a
Fig. 13. SEM images of CNT grown on Ni
catalyst deposited on Si substrate: a) no
annealing, b) the annealing to 700oC
b
c
d
e
f
catalyst deposited on Si/SiO2 substrate: a) no
catalyst deposited on Al2O3 substrate: a) no
b
Fig. 17. Fig. 17. SEM images for PVA / CNT
fiber obtained at 7 kV operating voltage, a)
magnification: 5000x, b) 50000 x magnification
Structural characterization was done with a D8
Discover X-ray diffractometer (Bruker)
-Measurement conditions: Primary Optics: tube (Cu
Kα λ = 1.5406 Å) 40kV, 40mA, Göbel mirror 60 mm
Detector: LynxEye PSD 1D mode, scanning in parallel
beam geometry in grazing incidence GID to theta
1º, BB Bragg-Brentano geometry, angular increment
2Theta: 0.04.
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Table 3. Average dimensions of the crystal powder in
the initial and heat treated state obtain from ribbons
Code
initial
Thermal treatment
D[410]
D[110] –
-Nd2Fe14B (Å) αFe
(Å)
D[410]
D[110]
-Nd2Fe14B (Å) – αFe
(Å)
1.
1
318
316.9
501.3
308.8
2.
2
257.8
301.4
331.9
311.7
3.
5
326.8
309.6
667.4
261.4
4.
7
244.8
317.8
271.8
291.5
0.0
-4.0x105
4.0x105
8.0x105
1.0x102
1.0x102
5.0x101
5.0x101
M (emu/g)
No
crt
-8.0x105
0.0
0.0
-5.0x101
-5.0x101
NdFeB - 1 - pulbere
NdFeB - 1 - pulbere-TT
-1.0x102
-8.0x105
0.0
-4.0x105
4.0x105
-1.0x102
8.0x105
H [A/m]
Fig.21. Hysteresis cycles for powders obtained from
the band, with 5% addition of Fe in the initial and
heat treated.
Fig.18. Powder diffraction spectra obtained from
ribbons 5%, 10% and 15% of added Fe in initial state
M (emu/g)
1.5x102
-8.0x105
0.0
-4.0x105
4.0x105
8.0x105
NdFeB - 5
NdFeB - 5 - TT
1.5x102
1.0x102
1.0x102
5.0x101
5.0x101
0.0
0.0
-5.0x101
-5.0x101
-1.0x102
-1.0x102
-1.5x102
-8.0x105
0.0
-4.0x105
4.0x105
8.0x105
-1.5x102
H [A/m]
Fig.19. Powder diffraction spectra obtained from
ribbons 5%, 10% and 15% of added Fe after heat
treatments.
-4.0x105
0.0
4.0x105
8.0x105
1.5x102
1.0x102
1.0x102
5.0x101
5.0x101
0.0
-8.0x105
M (emu/g)
M (emu/g)
1.5x102
-8.0x105
the band, with 10% addition of Fe in the initial and
heat treated.
0.0
-4.0x105
8.0x105
1.2x102
8.0x101
8.0x101
4.0x101
4.0x101
0.0
0.0
-4.0x101
-4.0x101
0.0
-8.0x101
-5.0x101
-5.0x101
NdFeB - 5% Fe- 400h
NdFeB - 10% Fe- 400h
-1.0x102
-1.5x102
4.0x105
1.2x102
-8.0x105
-4.0x105
0.0
4.0x105
8.0x105
-1.0x102
NdFeB-7-02.07-1-pulbere
NdFeB-7-02.07-1-pulbereTT
-1.2x102
-8.0x101
-1.2x102
-8.0x105
0.0
-4.0x105
4.0x105
8.0x105
H [A/m]
-1.5x102
the band, with 15% of added Fe in the initial and
heat treated.
H [A/m]
Fig.20. Hysteresis cycles for powders with 5% and
10% of added Fe in initial state
Objective 5: Composite material with mechanical strength
and ability to absorb electromagnetic waves high
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By applying the three methods, there were
characterized the “control” and reference specimens
(cooper, brass, bismuth), as well as the samples of
experimental composite materials developed in this
project (fig.24).
Fig. 25. Solenoid ISOTAN with cotton
insulation (about
2x2mm)
-
-
-
Fig. 26. Arrangement of
micro-solenoids in TEM
cell
verify the occurrence of the reflexion “resonance”
on a Dallenbach layer with ferrite, (fig. 27);
obtain the reflexion respectively the transmission
curves for dielectrics and conductive dielectrics in
liquid state (fig.28).
Fig. 27. System with loss reflection (-22dB to
340MHz), obtaining from ferrite layer and brass disc
Fig.24. S11 (reflexion) and S21 (transmision)
in the 1 – 4 GHz frequency range
From the measurements depending on the wave
impedance it has been demonstrated that the
maximum reflection loss is attained around 50 ohms –
the characteristic impedance of the TEM cell.
In order to achieve the metamaterials, first were
made micro-solenoids (fig. 2) using two types of
conductors: ISAZIN – CuNi23Mn1.5 (enamel insulation)
and ISOTAN – CuNi44Mn1 (cotton insulation).
In the tests with ordered, anisotropic, arrangement,
the aim was to emphasize the electromagnetic
characteristics of the micro-solenoids, given that the
magnetic field lines of the wave are parallel with the
coil’s axis. These tests were made both in the coaxial
cell of the vector analyzer and in the TEM cell, the coils
being, in this case, concentrically arranged on some
discs of insulating material (Fig.26).
By using the vector analyzer, electromagnetic
shields of type Salisbury and Dallenbach were tested
in order to:
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Fig. 28. Reflexion and transmission of a layer of
deionised water with various thicknesses, up to 4GHz
Objective 6: Planar jonctions
l 12 experimental models was obtained (noted EM1EM12) of planar junctions of carbon material
(semifinished electrographite EGR23)-brazing
material (Ni alloy)-ferritic stainless steel (grade
434L) type with functional gradient were achieved
for working temperatures of 700-900°C with
resistance to bending/shear of 54.66-106.83 MPa,
values that are of 3.68-7.2 times greater than the
resistance of the EGR23 carbon material (14.84
MPa); the brazing material from junctions has
Vickers hardness of 252-373 kgf/mm2 and Young’s
modulus of 104-158 GPa, values included in the
range of carbon material hardness (40-58 kgf/
mm2) and steel hardness (416-508 kgf/mm2), and
in the range of carbon material Young’s modulus
(7-9 GPa) and steel Young’s modulus (175-186
GPa), respectively.
l The technology for obtaining planar junctions of
carbon-steel type by SPS for applications at working
temperatures of 700-900°C was established.
Fig.29. Aspect of planar junction samples
obtained by SPS
Fig.30. SEM images of ME4, ME5, ME7and
ME9 junction samples obtained by SPS, 100x
magnification
patent application no. A/00078 of 01.23.2013
was registered at OSIM, M. Lungu, I. Ion, V.
Tsakiris, E. Enescu, M. Lucaci, F. Gregory, A.
Brătulescu, ”Process for obtaining planar junctions
of carbon material-steel type”.
l The
CONCLUSIONS
Objective 1: Development of nonoxide ceramic
materials
l A AlN based ceramic material with 3% Y2O3
+2% CaF2 addition have been made, very
good results were obtained, like: bending
mechanical resistance: 180 ... 190 MP;
electrical resistivity: 5 ... 6 × 1014Ω cm;
l It was developed a technology for obtaining
AlN based ceramic by induction sintering;
l A functional model was developed based on
AlN ceramic electro insulating and the heatconducting properties;
l “Thermally Conductive and Electro Insulating
Support Designed for the Assembly of Power
Electronic Devices” Technical Specification
was developed;
l It was made the Certify Documentation
of thermally conductive and insulating
substrate;
l thin films [1,2] , also based on AlN thin films
can be used in applications MOS (metal-oxidesemiconductor [1], anti-corrosion coatings
and diffusion masks for surface passivation
of semiconductor devices [2], microelectronic
devices for high frequency, high temperature,
or other materials to replace conventional
piezoelectric acoustic sensors [3], a special
interest application in electronic substrates is
the coefficient of thermal expansion (4.7×106
/°C), which is close to that of silicon (3.0x106
/°C) [2].
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Given the results obtained in two stages in 2013,
it is found that the carbon material elaborated by
carbonizing PAN fiber has a stable electrochemical
behaviour in alkaline and neutral and limited stability
in strongly acidic oxidizing environments. These
findings correlated with adequate mechanical strength
indicates that these materials can be used as flexible
anode material for various applications in neutral and
strongly alkaline medium.
Experimental models by graphite fiber achieved,
presents a homogeneous crystalline structure
characteristic of turbostratic graphite, highlighting
the presence of striations at surface topography
characteristic due to cyclization under mechanical
tension of PAN fiber filaments in oxidative stabilization
stage.
Objective 5: Composite material with mechanical
strength and ability to absorb electromagnetic waves
high
From the analysis of the experimental results,
resulted the following:
-
the “control” specimens investigated by the
three elaborated characterization methods confirm
both the stated theoretic behaviour and the validity of
the three elaborated investigation methods;
-
the reference materials and the samples
developed in this project had a similar behaviour
but showed a relatively high reflectivity of the
electromagnetic waves in the 400MHz - 4GHz
frequency range;
- Systematic studies were accomplished and design
concepts were defined for metamaterial structures
consisting of micro-solenoids on an insulating support
with inductivities of 60 nH and total capacitances of
about 20 pF. These structures were conceived as open
- were obtained experimental models of circuits (high capacitance) respectively as short circuits
semiconductor catalytic substrates (silicon (100) (low capacitance);
n-type) and ceramic (Al2O3) with catalyst (Ni, Fe)
- hybrid structures were conceived/designed
layer deposition, which were experimented in order based on the theory of the Dallenbach and Salisbury
to obtain of multi-walled CNT experimental models, absorbers;
for achieving micro nanocomposite polymer / CNT by
- S11, S22, S12, S21 parameters were determined for
electro-spinning. All experimental models achieved the designed structures with micro-solenoids made of
were characterized by morpho-structural microscopy resistive wire respectively Cu, in short circuit and open
techniques (AFM, SEM, and HRTEM) point of view and circuit;
X-ray diffraction.
-
The S parameters were determined using
the TEM cell, for the hybrid Dallenbach/Salisbury-type
structures together with layers of micro-solenoids of
-
28 models there were obtain and structurally metamaterial type;
and magnetically characterized. In order to obtain
-
The experimental models of multilayered
nanocomposites based on Nd2Fe14B / α-Fe were materials with impedance matching/ resonances for
developed and molded in induction furnace, vacuum/ reducing RCS were electromagnetically characterized
controlled atmosphere (argon) three types of and it has been found that the resonances due to the
composition: Nd11Fe83B6 (corresponding Nd2Fe14B standing waves in the liquid layers correspond to a
+ 5% Fe), Nd10.5Fe84B5.5 (corresponding Nd2Fe14B considerable periodical depletion of reflectivity;
-
The “resonance” (reflectivity decrease) was
+ 15% Fe). From structural determinations made obtained on a Dallenbach-type layer of ferrite;
-
The repeatability and reproducibility of some
microscopy (SEM) revealed that: both phases can be characteristics in terms of wave impedance of the
observed, Nd2Fe14B and, respectively, crystallized Fe. resistive material measured in the TEM cell were
Diffraction spectra of powders obtained by grinding achieved for the Salisbury structures.
-
From magnetic determinations made using Objective 6: Planar jonctions
hysterisgraph Brockhaus Messtechnik, resulted l 12 experimental models was obtained (noted
EM1-EM12) of planar junctions of carbon material
the following: hysteresis cycles obtained from
(semifinished electrographite EGR23)-brazing material
characterization showed the influence of the addition
(Ni alloy)-ferritic stainless steel (grade 434L) type
of iron in composition; has been observed promising
with functional gradient were achieved for working
values of the magnetic properties, for the compaction
temperatures of 700-900°C with resistance to
powders obtained from ribbons, the two methods
bending/shear of 54.66-106.83 MPa, values that
for obtaining the ribbons showed the influence of
are of 3.68-7.2 times greater than the resistance of
parameters in obtaining powders and revealed the need
the EGR23 carbon material (14.84 MPa); the brazing
of nucleation of the two magnetic phases.
material from junctions has Vickers hardness of
- It was found that for the extra iron compositions
252-373 kgf/mm2 and Young’s modulus of 104-158
GPa, values included in the range of carbon material
hardness (40-58 kgf/mm2) and steel hardness (416required for processing.
508 kgf/mm2), and in the range of carbon material
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Young’s modulus (7-9 GPa) and steel Young’s modulus
(175-186 GPa), respectively.
l The technology for obtaining planar junctions of
carbon-steel type by SPS for applications at working
temperatures of 700-900°C was established.
REFERENCES
[1]. J.P. Kar, G. Bose *, S. Tuli, Influence of nitrogen
concentration on grain growth, structural and
electrical properties of sputtered aluminium nitride
films, Scripta Materialia 54 (2006) 1755–1759
[2]. Harish C. Barshilia , B. Deepthi, K.S. Rajam,
Growth and characterization of aluminium nitride
coatings prepared by pulsed-direct current reactive
unbalanced magnetron sputtering, Thin Solid Films
516 (2008) 4168–4174
[3]. Paulius Pobedinskas, Jean-Christophe Bolsée,
Wim Dexters, Bart Ruttens, Vincent Mortet, Jan
D’Haen, Jean V. Manca, Ken Haenen, Thickness
dependent residual stress in sputtered AlN thin
films, Thin Solid Films 522 (2012), pp. 180–185
[4]. D. J. DeLong, DeLong & Associates, LLC agents
for AKSA Carbon Fibers, „Industry Overview and
Trends”, Southern Advanced Materials Research
Exchange Southern Technologies Council, June 1,
2012
[5]. Edie, D.D., (2003), The effect of processing on the
structure and properties, Fibers and Composites,
P. Delhaès, ed., pp. 24-46;
[ 6 ] . h t t p : / / n ews. t h o m a s n e t . c o m / g re e n _
clean/2013/04/03/new-carbon-fiber-facility-atoak-ridge-national-lab-could-be-part-of-brightmanufacturing-future/
[7]. Ahmad D. VakiliZhongren Yue, FTA Report No.
0011 Federal Transit Administration, Low Cost
Carbon Fiber Technology Development for Carbon
Fiber Composite Applications, The University of
Tennessee Space Institute
[8]. Lingvay Iosif, Bara Adela, „The electrochemical
behaviour of carbon fiber obtained at different
temperatures”, VEKOR Konferencia, Balatonfüred,
2013, április 16÷18
[9]. “Syntheses and Applications of Carbon Nanotubes
and Their Composites”, (2013), editor Satoru
Suzuki, ISBN 978-953-51-1125-2, 537 pag.,
Editura InTech
[10]. Ray H. Baughman, Anvar A. Zakhidov, Walt A.
de Heer, (2002) “Carbon Nanotubes—the Route
toward Applications”, Science, Vol. 297 no. 5582
pp. 787-792
[11]. W.A. de Heer, A. Chatelain, D.A. Ugarte,), A
Carbon Nanotube Field-Emission Electron Source,
Science, 1995, nr. 270, p. 1179
[12]. D. Qian, E.C. Dickey, R. Andrews, T. Rantell,
(2000),
“Load
transfer
and
deformation
mechanisms in carbon nanotube-polystyrene
composites”, Appl. Phys. Lett., no. 76, p. 2868
[13]. H.M. Cheng, Q.H. Yang, C. Liu, (2001), Hydrogen
storage in carbon nanotubes, Carbon, vol. 39, p.
1447
[14]. V. Derycke, R. Martel, J. Appenzeller, P. Avouris,
(2001), Carbon Nanotube Inter- and Intramolecular
Logic Gates, Nano Lett., nr. 1, p. 453;
[15]. G. Hadjipanayis et al., The Incredible Pull of
Nanocomposite Magnets, IEEE SPECTRUM, Aug.
2011
[16]. S. Kozawa, Trends and Problems in Research
of Permanent Magnets for Motors — Addressing
Scarcity Problem of Rare Earth Elements, Science
& Technology Trends, Quarterly Review No. 38,
40 - 54, Jan. 2011
[17]. K.Hono, Magnetic Property Control by Controlling
Nano Tissues: (1) RE magnet materials, Element
Strategy Outlook, National Institute of Materials
Science, Dec.31, 2007
[18]. T. Schrefl et. al., Exchange hardening in
nanostructured two phases permanent magnets,
J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 127, L273-L277, 1993;
[19]. T. Schrefl et al., Two and three-dimensional
calculation of remanence enhancement of RE
based composite magnets, J. Appl. Phys., 76, 10,
7053-58, 1994
[20]. Claire M. Watts, Xianliang Liu, and Willie J.
Padilla, Metamaterial Electromagnetic Wave
Absorbers Advanced – in Optical Materials OP98
wileyonlinelibrary.com © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag
GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim; G. T. Ruck, D.
E. Barrick, W. D. Stuart, Radar Cross Section
Handbook, Vol. 2, Plenum, New York 1970
[21]. E. Knott, J. F. Shaeffer, M. T. Tuley, Radar Cross
Section, 2nd ed., Scitech, Raleigh 2004
[22]. W. H. Emerson, IEEE Trans. Ant. & Prop. 1973,
AP21, 484
[23]. B. A. Munk, Frequency Selective Surfaces, John
Wiley & Sons, New York 2000
[24]. W. W. Salisbury, US Patent 1952 2599944
[25]. B. A. Munk, J. B. Pryor, Proc. Symp. EM Mats.
2003, 2, 163
[26]. E. Popov, D. Maystre, R. C. McPhedran, M.
Nevière, M. C. Hutley, G.H Derrick, Opt. Exp.
2008, 16, 6146
The research was financed under NUCLEUS Programme,
contract no. 0935-5103/2009.
National projects
Development of new materials and devices for controlled drug
delivery with applications in biomedical engineering
ABSTRACT
The main purpose of the project is to study,
development and testing of medical devicesbioresorbable ceramic biomaterials based on calcium
phosphates (carriers of therapeutic substances), and
granular products for applications in maxillofacial
surgery and dental treatment, implantology and general
surgery of bone addition (skull bone defects repair).
To meet the needs of medical devices has aligned
with international requirements and performance, at
this stage of the project were carried out and tested β-TCP medical devices for applications in maxillofacial
surgery (granular product PG β-TCP, 125-500μm ) and
neurosurgery (cranial bone substitute- experimental
model).
INTRODUCTION
Bone loss due to trauma, infection or removal of
a large tumour laid serious problems both the doctor
as well as the patient. Nowadays, one of the biggest
challenges in materials science and technology is
developing a new generation of biomaterials for “repair”
the various parts of the body [1, 2]. Biomaterials and
in particular bioceramics are a special category of
materials essential to modern health care [3]. Of great
interest is bioresorbable ceramics mainly of tricalcium
phosphate (β‑TCP), embedded in the bone tissue will
undergo gradually degradation (resorption), along
with the implant substitution of a new bone tissue.
The most important calcium phosphate bioceramics
are based on hydroxyapatite (HAP/FAP) or tricalcium
phosphate (β‑TCP) and combinations thereof [3, 4]. It
is estimated that worldwide investments were made
by ~5mld. Euro, of which 2mld. Euro came from the
private sector (according to sources of the European
Commission/2004). Till the year 2015 is estimated a
value of ~ $ 1,000 billion. Annually, the marketing of
these materials means a business of tens of billions of
dollars [5].
The project aims to develop medical devices
for modern health care; main objectives consisted
in elaborating of the documentation for certifying
(expansion) the product PG β‑TCP, 125-500μm, and
the development of bone substitute (synthetic bone –
experimental models (EM) for cranioplasty.
Three stages were finalized within 2 sub‑themes,
as follows:
-
Sub-theme 1: “β‑TCP products for medical
devices”;
-
Sub-theme 2: “Synthetic bone for repairs in
neurosurgery”.
Eng. Ţârdei Christu, CS III - project responsible
Eng. Velciu Georgeta, IT I
Eng. Dumitru Alina, CS III
Eng. Bogdan Florentina, CS
Eng. Tălpeanu Dorinel, ACS
Eng. Phys. Marinescu Virgil, ACS
Dr. Chem. Ştefănescu Carmen, CS
Techn. Petrache Mariana
Techn. Nicolaescu Elena
Techn. Iancu Ionica
EXPERIMENTal
Stage 1 / Sub-theme 1: Preparing documentation
for expansion of certification of β‑TCP product, for
medical devices
The main objective of the stage consisted in achieving
the documentation for certification (extension) of
β‑TCP product, for medical device (PG β‑TCP, 125500μm). Technical dossier of the product covered
general aspects of field application, specifications
for design and product (components and materials),
methods of testing and verification (assessments) and
issues relating to packaging and labelling.
Stage 1 / Sub-theme 2: Synthetic bone for repairs
in neurosurgery
The main objective of the stage consisted in making
an experimental model (EM) of synthetic bone for
repairs in neurosurgery, in terms of material (ceramic
precursor) and shaping method. Specific objectives
were:
- information from the literature on surgical
application, working techniques and materials used;
- preparation of ceramic powders based on
hydroxyapatite (HAP) - precursors;
- HAP based ceramic powders characterization
(XRD, FT-IR, TG/DTG/DSC);
- preparation of HAP ceramic slips for EM shaping
(theoretical and experimental aspects - viscosity
measurements);
- casting in plaster moulds of EM (theoretical and
experimental aspects);
- achievement of experimental model of synthetic
bone.
The precursors were characterized from viewpoint
of composition (XRD, FT-IR) and rheological
characteristics.
Stage 2 / Sub-theme 2: Characterization of the
experimental model (compositionally, structural and
physico-mechanical)
The main objective of this stage consisted in the
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characterization of the experimental models developed,
in terms of compositionally, structural and the physical
and mechanical properties. Specific objectives were:
- developing and characterization of experimental
models;
- preparation of samples / ceramic test pieces for
characterization;
- compositional characterization of experimental
models by X-ray diffraction measurements and FT- IR
spectroscopy;
- structural characterization by electron microscopy
measurements, SEM;
- physical characterization by measurements of
density, porosity and shrinkage of test ceramic pieces,
prepared in similar conditions such us EM;
- mechanical characterization by measurements of
mechanical strength (bending and compression tests);
-processing
and
results
interpretation
(characterization) of the experimental models
developed.
Fig. 1. XRD patterns of precipitated compounds
(HAP-D, HAP-T) and synthesized by solid state
reaction (HAP-CH)/ HAP-based precursors
1.b. Spectrophotometric measurements, FT‑IR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Stage 1 / Sub-theme 1: Preparing documentation for
expansion of β‑TCP product certification, for medical
devices
The main results are:
-
Compiling the technical dossier of the product
PG β‑TCP, 125 - 500μm;
-
Compiling documents for product certification
(PG β‑TCP, 125-500μm).
Attached technical dossier were elaborated technical
documents such as: product specification, working
procedures, product data sheet, instructions for
uses, product follow up sheets, customer satisfaction
questionnaire.
Stage 1 / Sub-theme 2: Synthetic bone for repairs in
neurosurgery
1. Development of HAP-based ceramic powders
1.a. Compositional characterizations (XRD)
Fig. 2. IR spectra of co-precipitated HAP based
compounds HAP-D (a ), HAP-T (b) and HAP-CH
(c), calcined at 800˚C - 2h and 1200˚C - 2h,
respectively
Partial conclusions: compositionally, the two types of
products sintered at 1275 and 1350°C shows HAP as
single mineralogical phase; temperature of 1350°C did
not disrupted the structure of HAP, the diffractograms
do not show those specific decay product like CaO
and β‑TCP.
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2. Rheology of HAP ceramic suspensions
Fig. 6. Prepare experimental model by pouring HAP-based ceramic slurry in plaster shape, and the
casting moulds
A
Fig. 3-4. Rheological curves of variation of shear
stress by the velocity gradient and concentration
of dispersant (Fig. 3), and the dependence of the
viscosity of HAP suspensions according to velocity
gradient and dispersant concentrations (Fig. 4)
Partial conclusions: the rheology of the suspensions
shown in fig.3-4 is typical for pseudoplastic fluids, the
lowest values of shear stress are obtained for ceramic
suspensions with 65% HAP, with the addition of
approx. 0.5% surfactant.
Stage 2 / Sub-theme 2: Characterization of the
experimental model (compositionally, structural and
physico-mechanically)
In the previous stage has been designed and
developed a set of experimental models of synthetic
bone for cranioplasty, presented in Table 1
B
Fig. 7. Experimental model obtained by casting HAP
ceramic slurry in plaster mould (A), and a polymer
model, from literature (B)
Table I. Experimental models developed
Experim.
Models
OS-D
OS-M
OS-P
Sintering
Temperature,
[°C]
1300 - 2h
1250 - 4h
1250 - 2h
Total
Porosity,
[%]
14.87
19.30
25.84
CPM = casting in plaster moulds
A
Processing
CPM
CPM
CPM
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a)
Compositional characterization (XRD, IR)
Table II. Average values for density and porosity
obtained by hydrostatic (Archimedes) method
Exp.
Models
OS-D
OS-M
OS-P
Fig. 8. XRD patterns of experimental models (OS-D,
OS-M, OS-P) prepared by casting in plaster moulds
and calcined at 1250-1300°C, and IR spectrum
highlighting the evolution of OH- group (reduction in
intensity of the characteristic peak at ~ 3572cm–1)
Partial conclusions: experimental models are
composed of a stable hydroxyapatite, including at
sintering temperature; vibration spectra are disturbed
due to “contamination” with additional substances
during the ceramic slips elaboration
Relative
Density
ρr [%]
85.13
80.70
74.16
Total
Porosity
PT [%]
14.87
19.30
25.84
Closed
Porosity
Pî [%]
13.41
6.93
5.60
In conclusion, obtaining microporous ceramics products
(EM) can be achieved by controlling the shaping process
and changes of heat treatment diagram, when it can
be achieved a balance between the values of the open
and closed porosity.
2. Mechanical characterizationscompression strength
bending
and
Table III. Average values of bending and compression
strength for the experimental models developed
Bending strength,
[MPa]
ME
OS - D
70.45
OS - M
48.84
OS – P
46.43
Compression strength,
[MPa]
ME
OS - D
63.50
OS - M
42.37
OS – P
33.78
Partial conclusions: the values presented by the
experimental models for bending and compression
strength are increasing in proportion to the degree
of densification, with amounts of 46-70MPa and
34‑63MPa, respectively; the values for the bending
strength and the compression provided from the
literature are of the order of 30-45MPa and 40–60MPa,
and depend mainly on the method of preparation.
b) Structural characterization (SEM)
Fig. 9. Electron microscopy of experimental models
(a: OS-P; b: OS-M; c: OS-D), 10000 x
Partial conclusions: figures show habitus of
hexagonal type hydroxyapatite beads, the average size
of the granules is 2-10μm; there are association/clusters
of granules with increasing sintering temperature,
varying in sizes.
c) physical and mechanical testing (density, porosity,
shrinkage, bending and compression strength)
1. Density , porosity , shrinkage
CONCLUSIONS
From the results of the characterization carried out on
experimental models have been found:
1. experimental models contain as the majority phase
hydroxyapatite compound, without any decomposition
secondary compounds (unwanted), suggesting a good
stability of hydroxyapatite ceramic compound, including at high sintering temperature (1300˚C);
2. it was obtained experimental microporous models
with controlled values of total porosity (PT = 15-30%),
by controlling the shaping process and changes of heat
treatment diagram, when it can be achieved a balance
between the values of the open and closed porosity
(appearance);
3. mechanical characteristics such as flexural strength
and compression resistance shows values increasing
in proportion to the degree of densification; for
experimental model OS-D were obtained maximum
values of 70.45 MPa and 63.50 MPa respectively,
comparable to values communicated in the literature
for the microporous products obtained by similar
shaping processes.
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REFERENCES
[1] Bhumiratana S., Vunjak-Novakovic G., Review:
Personalized Human Bone Grafts for Reconstructing
Head and Face, Stem Cells Translational Medicine,
2012, 1, 64
[2] Arcos D., Izquierdo-Barba I., Promising trends of
bioceramics in the biomaterials field, J.of Materials
Science: Materials in Medicine, 2009, 20 (2) 447
[3] Best, S., A. Porter, E. Thian, J. Huang., Bioceramics:
past, present and for the future, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc.,
2008, 28 (7): 1319
[4] Matilde Bongio, Jeroen J. J. P. van den Beucken,
Sander C. G. Leeuwenburgh and John A. Jansen, J.
Mater. Chem., 2010, 20, 8747-8759
[5] Chevalier, J., Gremillard, L., Ceramics for medical
applications: A picture for the next 20 years, Journal of
the European Ceramic Society 29 (2009) 1245–1255
The research was financed by the NUCLEUS Programme,
contract no. 0935/5301/2009.
Rationally designed coordination polymers as precursors for oxide nanomaterials
ABSTRACT
The project aims to develop rational synthetic
strategies leading to novel metallosupramolecular
architectures with pre-established structures by linking
homonuclear alkoxo-bridged Zn(II) nodes into lattices
with various polytopic organic ligands. ZnO particles
will be obtained by the calcinations of the synthesized
Zn(II) coordination polymers.
INTRODUCTION
Coordination polymers consisting of alkoxo-bridged
Zn(II) cores and anionic polycarboxylate spacers have
not been reported so far. Even alkoxo-bridged Zn(II)
systems are still scarce.1,2 Therefore, in this project
we intend to develop a novel class of Zn(II)-based
coordination polymers, that will be further used to
generate nanostructured ZnO materials.
Dr. Eng. Carmen Ştefănescu (Paraschiv) - project
leader
Dr. Eng. Andrei Cucoş
Dr. Eng. Gabriela Hristea
Dr. Phys. Gabriela Beatrice Sbârcea
Dr. Diana Beatrice Vişinescu
Dr. Cătălin Maxim
Teodora Mocanu
Eng. Ileana Laura Chiose
diffractometer. Single crystal XRD data were collected
on a STOE IPDS II X-ray diffractometer. Thermal
stability studies were performed with a Netzsch STA
409 PC Luxx® simultaneous thermal analyzer. SEM
measurements were carried out on a Carl Zeiss SMT
FESEM-FIB Workstation Auriga.
Two new coordination polymers were synthesized:
∞
[Zn
(Dea)2(TFT)3] (1) and ∞3[Zn5(Tea)2(IFT)3(H2O)]
3
3
(2) (Dea = diethanolamine, Tea = triethanolamine,
TFT = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, IFT = 1,3benzenedicarboxylic acid). Both systems present three
dimensional structures (Fig. 1, 2).
(a) (b)
Fig. 1. Representation of the trinuclear unit (a)
and the 3D structure (b) for (1)
EXPERIMENTAL
Materials. Solvents and reagents were obtained from
commercial sources and used as received.
Syntheses. All compounds were prepared by
the reaction of different zinc salts (nitrate, acetate,
perchlorate, etc.) with aminoalcohols and polycarboxylic
acids, in a sealed Teflon-lined autoclave.
Physical measurements. IR spectra were recorded on
KBr pellets in the 4000‑400cm-1 range using a Bruker
TENSOR 27 FTIR Spectrometer. PXRD diffractions
patterns were recorded on a Bruker D8 ADVANCE
National projects
CONCLUSIONS
Two new homonuclear Zn(II) coordination polymers
have been isolated and characterized by XRD, FTIR,
TG/DTG/DTA measurements.
The crystal structures revealed porous 3D networks.
The TG/DTG/DTA curves show the removal of lattice
and/or coordinated solvent molecules up to 3000C,
followed by the elimination of aminoalcohols and
organic ligands.
Fig. 2. Representation of the 3D structure for (2)
The IR spectrum for (1) shows the characteristic bands
of DEA and TFT (Fig.3).
REFERENCES
[1]. a) D. S. Nesterov, V. G. Makhankova, O. Yu.
Vassilyeva, V. N. Kokozay, L. A. Kovbasyuk, B.
W. Skelton, J. Jezierska, Inorg. Chem., 2004, 43
(24), 7868; V. V. Semenaka, O. V. Nesterova, V. N.
Kokozay, V. V. Dyakonenko, R. I. Zubatyuk, O. V.
Shishkin, R. Boc a, J. Jezierska, A. Ozarowski, Inorg.
Chem., 2010, 49 (12), 5460.
[2]. V. T. Yilmaz, Y. Topcu, F. Yilmaz, C. Thoene,
Polyhedron, 2001, 20, 3209.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was supported by a grant of the Romanian
National Authority for Scientific Research, CNCS –
UEFISCDI, project number PN‑II‑RU‑TE‑2012‑3‑0390
(4279/2013).
Fig. 3. FTIR spectrum for (1)
The thermal stability of (1) and (2) was investigated
by thermogravimetric analysis (Fig. 4). The continuous
mass loss up to 2000C may be assigned to the
removal of lattice solvents (MeOH/H2O). At higher
temperatures, the compounds exhibit a series of weight
losses, attributed to the elimination of aminoalcohol
and polycarboxylic ligands. The decomposition is
completed at 8000C, with the formation of ZnO.
TG /%
100.00
739.8 °C
-1.92 %
-4.78 %
DTA /mW
Ω Ωexo
DTG /(%/min)
[4]
20.00
90.00
730.8 °C
0.00
-1.00
293.6 °C
66.7 °C
[4]
0.00
80.00
-2.00
-3.00
-20.00
578.3 °C
270.4 °C
70.00
-4.00
-65.75 %
-51.18 %
-40.00
-5.00
60.00
-60.00
50.00
-6.00
-7.00
-80.00
-8.00
40.00
-6.93 %
418.5 °C
100.0
Administrator
Main
200.0
300.0
400.0
[4]
440.6 °C
500.0
Temperature /°C
600.0
700.0
-100.00
-9.00
800.0
Fig. 4. TG, DTG, and DTA curves for (1)
National projects
Cables for medium tension based on radiation processed
polyamide materials
ABSTRACT
The safety operation of electrical cables requires
the investigation of material stability. The effects of
various parameters like composition, environmental
stressors or working conditions can be revealed by the
study of material stability.
INTRODUCTION
Polymer materials used in material engineering
industry as dielectric insulators must show proper
properties related to the long term stability. Because
they are subjected to the permanent action of
oxidative degradation caused by various environmental
(heat or freezing, humidity, ultraviolet exposure) or
functionality (electrical field, mechanical field) factors,
the efficiency in the energy transport is directly related
to the degradation state of insulators, materials must
be inspected to the resistance against degradation.
One specific problem in the cases of polyamide –
based dielectrics is the identification of compatibilization
procedures through which PA6 can be intimate and
stable blended with elastomers. This kind of insulators
is possible to be produced by gamma irradiation and
the final materials are resistant ones.
Research team
Dr. Zaharescu Traian, CS I – head of the project
Dr. Eng. Caramitu Alina, IDT I
Dr. Eng. Pleşa Ilona, ACS
Dr. Eng. Tsakiris Violeta, IDT II
PhDs. Marinescu Virgil, ACS
PhDs. Lungulescu Marius, ACS
Eng. Mitrea Sorina, IDT I
Ec. Silvia Dobrin
2. Swelling tests
For the determination of swelling degrees, polymer
samples were immersed in water and toluene according
to standard SR EN ISO175. 1 g specimens of PA, PA/5E,
PA/10E, PA/20E, PA/5L, PA/10L and PA/20L were
weighted and put in the ampoules for processing.
Similar tests were performed on conditioned
materials under environmental parameters:
• Water absorption 24 h/23oC;
• Dry heating 48 h/130oC;
• Freezing 2 h/ - 30oC.
The vials containing toluene were deposited at room
temperature for 3 h.
Studied materials were subjected to swelling at
different temperatures over the range of 20-80oC, after
1 h of conditioning.
For the calculation of swelling degree the following
equation was used:
Q=
X 2 − X1
∗ 100
X1
where: Q - swelling) degree; X2 – weight of
swollen material; X1 – in itial weight of sample.
The nonisothermal chemiluminescence spectra
(fig. 1) prove the influence of elastomer content on
the thermal stability of compounded polyamide 6.
The increase in the ethylene-propylene elastomer
decreases the stability of samples, because the
melting point is lower and the rate of oxygen diffusion
becomes higher.
EXPERIMENTAL
The investigations on stability behaviour were
accomplished on the following composition based on
polyamide PA6: PA control, PA + 10% EPDM, PA +
20% EPDM, PA + 30% EPDM, PA + 5% Lotharder,
PA + 10% Lotharder, PA + 20% Lotharder, PA + 5%
Exxelor, PA + 5% Exxelor, PA + 20% Exxelor.
1. Oxidation tests
The tests on oxidation were carried out as the
thermal resistance experiments bz nonisothermal
chemiluminescence. The device was LUMIPOL 3
(Slovakia).
National projects
Fig. 3. Swelling degree measured in toluene
Fig. 1. Nonisothermal chemiluminescence spectra
recorded on PA6/EPDM, PA6/E and PA/L samples
The results concerning the swelling degree tests
performed at room temperature in water are presented
in figs. 2, 3 and 4. The penetration degree on a
solvent into polymeric materials is in direct relation
with the degree of macromolecule ordering, which
demonstrates the amount of free volume existing in
studied material.
Fig.4. Swelling degree measured in water at
different temperatures
In fig. 5 several nonisothermal chemiluminescence
spectra are presented. They were recorded on sample
subjected to the degradation under environmental
conditions and can be drawn the following
conclusions:
-
The increase in the concentration of elastomer
decreases the oxidation resistance, because the rate of
oxygen diffusion is significant higher,
Fig. 2. Swelling degree measured in water
National projects
Fig. 5. Nonisothermal chemiluminescencemspectra
recorden on pamles aged by water absorption
-
the preservation of these blends at negative
low temperatures does not promote major modifications
in comparison with the other applied environmental
stressors,
-
the most aggressive factor which causes
material degradation is the penetrated water. The
oxidation is advanced by treeing process and the
electrical properties are decreased correspondingly.
Other aspect that must be taken into account is the
synergy between the action of water overlapped on
the influence of electrical field,
-
water absorption produces similar effects
on thermal stability of PA 6 blends with Exxelor and
Lothader, while the other factors like dry heating and
cooling induce different degradation degrees. The
resistance of PA6/Exxelor is rather higher than the
availability of PA6/ Lothader;
-
the concentration of 20 % is not favourable
for the preparation of cable insulation, because of the
lowest thermal stability.
Fig. 6. Nonisothermal CL spectra recorded on the
polymer samples aged by dry humidity
Fig. 7. Nonisothermal CL spectra recorded on the
polymer samples aged by cooling
The real service conditions for electrical cables
influence the heat resistance of polymeric insulations
because, because the intermolecular distances are
different in respect with the action of environmental
factors (different temperatures, water penetration).
From fig. 5-7 it can be considered that the polyamide
blends are not affected by heat, if temperature does
not exceeds 150oC.
National projects
CONCLUSION
The oxidation resistance, which is the main factor
for the selection of electrical insulators is determined
by the composition of polymer sheet and by the
environmental factors that act durinf operation. In this
sense, the compatibilization of PA6 blends represents a
technological criterion for the definition of application
in various economical fields.
The present research was accomplished in the frame
of National Programme for Research, Development and
Innovation II – PNCDI II, project no. 37 (7086)/2012.
National projects
Biomaterials
Intelligent system for the analysis and diagnosis of collagen-based artefacts (COLLAGE)
ABSTRACT
There were elaborated three general procedures
for thermal characterization of the solid materials and
products by thermal analysis methods (simultaneous
thermogravimetry (TG) + differential thermal analysis
(DTA) or differential scanning calorimetry (DSC);
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic
mechanical analysis (DMA)). The specific conditions in
which these procedures could be used for quantitative
and qualitative of the collagen based materials (pure
collagen, parchments, and tanned leathers) were
specified in four analytical protocols.
INTRODUCTION
The present project takes place from a series
of research projects, scientific papers published in
ISI journals and communications at National and
International Symposia and Conferences [1 – 27]. In
the last 15 years, the specific thermal analysis methods
were elaborated and applied for characterization of
collagen-based materials (pure collagen, parchments,
and leathers). The obtained results were correlated
with those obtained by other techniques (spectroscopic
methods, optical methods etc) and the effects of
environmental factors (heat, humidity, visible and UV
radiations, chemical pollutants) on the parchments and
leathers were put in evidence.
The objectives of the present phase of the project
were:
- dissemination of the results included in the
“Software Platform for analysis and diagnosis” that
was performed in the previous phase of the project;
- elaboration of some general procedures for analysis
by TG, DTA, DSC and DMA methods;
- elaboration of some analytical protocols for
quantitative and qualitative evaluation of collagen
based materials by TG, DTA, DSC and DMA methods.
Dr. Chem. Petru Budrugeac, CS I – head of the
project
Dr. Chem. Andrei Cucoş
Dr. Chem. Carmen Ştefănescu
EXPERIMENTAL
In the present phase of the project, the data reported
in the previous phase by using TG, DTA, DSC and DTA
methods were the support of elaboration of analytical
procedures and protocols.
RESULTS OF AND DISCUSSIONS
Homologated procedures and analytical protocols
The following general procedures for thermal
characterization of solid materials and products were
elaborated:
- “determination of the thermal behaviour of the
solid materials and products by simultaneous thermal
analysis methods (STA): thermogravimetry + differential
thermal analysis (TG+DTA) and thermogravimetry +
differential scanning calorimetry (TG+DSC)”;
- “determination of the thermal behaviour of the
solid materials and products by differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC)”;
- “dynamic mechanical analysis of materials
(DMA)”.
The specific conditions in which these procedures
could be used for quantitative and qualitative of the
collagen based materials (pure collagen, parchments,
and tanned leathers) were specified in the following
analytical protocols:
- “analytical protocol for quantitative and qualitative
evaluation of collagen based materials (pure collagen,
parchments, and tanned leathers) by simultaneous
thermal analysis methods (TG+DTA) or TG+DSC”;
parchments, and tanned leathers) by differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC) applied for samples
immersed in water”;
parchments, and tanned leathers) by differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC) applied for samples in
nitrogen flow”;
parchments, and tanned leathers) by dynamic
mechanical analysis (DMA) applied for samples in air
atmosphere”.
Dissemination of the results included in the
“Software Platform for analysis and diagnosis” that
was performed in the previous phase of the project
A. Article published in ISI journal
1. Petru Budrugeac, Andrei Cucos, Lucreţia Miu,
Use of thermal analysis methods to asses the damage
in the bookbindings of some religious books from
XVIII century, stored in Romanian libraries, Journal of
Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, online 2013, DOI
10.1007/s10973-013-3414-7
B. Participation at conferences congresses and workshops 2013 | scientific rEport | PAGE 82
National projects
1. XXXII International Congress of IULTCS, May 29–
31, 2013, Istanbul, Turkey, Use of differential scanning
calorimetry for the characterisation and damage
assessment of parchment and vegetable tanned
leather, authors: E. Badea, L. Miu, P. Budrugeac, C.
Carsote, G. Della Gatta
2. 11th Mediterranean Conference on Calorimetry
and Thermal Analysis (MEDICTA 2013), June 12-15,
2013, Athens, Greece
2.1. Non-isothermal kinetics of denaturation and
melting of crystalline phase of collagen, and of new
and old parchments, authors: Petru Budrugeac, Andrei
Cucos
2.2. Investigations of thermal denaturation and
melting of crystalline phase of collagen, authors:
Andrei Cucos, Petru Budrugeac
3. 2nd Conference of Central and Eastern European
Committee for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry
(CEEC-TAC2), August 27-30, 2013, Vilnius, Lithuania,
Characterization of a Byzantine manuscript by DSC,
thermal microscopy and FTIR, authors: Cristina Carşote,
Petru Budrugeac, Roumiana Decheva, Nikifor Stefanov
Haralampiev, Elena Badea, Lucreţia Miu
4. Bilateral Collaboration Projects – Joint Meetings, 2
September 2013, Bucharest, Romania, Use of thermal
analysis methods to asses the damage in the book
bindings of some religious books from XVIII century,
stored in Romanian libraries, Authors: Petru Budrugeac,
Andrei Cucos, Lucreţia Miu
5. The 15th International Conference of Physical
Chemistry, ROMPHYSCHEM 15, September 11-13,
2013, Bucharest, Accelerating ageing effects on
denaturation and softening behaviour of parchments,
authors: Andrei Cucos, Petru Budrugeac, Lucreţia Miu
6. International Conference Cultural Heritage
Conservation Science and Sustainable Development:
Experience, Research, Innovation, October 23-25,
2013, Paris, France, A study of artificially and naturally
aged leather by using thermal analysis, authors: C.
Carsote, P.Budrugeac, E. Badea, I. Petroviciu, L. Miu,
G. Della Gatta
CONCLUSIONS
There were elaborated three general procedures for
thermal characterization of the solid materials and
products by thermal analysis methods.
The specific conditions in which these procedures
could be used for quantitative and qualitative of the
collagen based materials (pure collagen, parchments,
and tanned leathers) were specified in four analytical
protocols.
The dissemination of the results included in the
“Software Platform for analysis and diagnosis”
performed in the previous phase of the project was
made by:
- publishing of an article in “Journal of Thermal Analysis
and Calorimetry” (this journal is ISI quoted);
- 7 scientific communications at National and
International Conferences and Symposia.
REFERENCES
[1] C. Popescu, P. Budrugeac, L. Miu, C. Idiţoiu, F. J.
Wortmann, Thermal analysis of patrimonial leather
objects, 30th Aachen Tehtile Conference, Aachen,
Germany, 2003.
[2] P. Budrugeac, L. Miu, C. Popescu, F. J. Wortmann,
Identification of collagen-based materials that are
supports of cultural and historical objects, J. Therm.
Anal. Calorim., 74, 2004, 975-985.
[3] P. Budrugeac, L. Miu, M. Soukova, The damage in
the patrimonial books from Romanian libraries. Thermal
analysis methods and scanning electron microscopy, J.
Therm. Anal. Calorim., 88, 2007, 693-698.
[4] P. Budrugeac, L. Miu L, The suitability of DSC
method for damage assessment and certification of
historical leathers and parchments, J. Cultural Heritage,
9, 2008, 146-153.
[5] P. Budrugeac, L. Miu, Effect of accelerated thermal
ageing on the thermal behaviour of the recently made
parchments, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 94, 2008, 335-342.
[6] V. Plăvan, M. Giurginca, P. Budrugeac, M. Vîlsan, L.
Miu, Evaluation of the physico-chemical characteristics
of leather samples of some historical objects from Kiev,
Rev. Chim. (Bucharest), 61, 2010, 627-631.
[7] Andrei Cucos, Petru Budrugeac, Preliminary
studies on the influence of sodium chloride on the
melting temperature of collagen crystalline fraction in
parchments, Int. J. Conservation Sci., 1, 2010, 13 –
18.
[8] A. Cucos, P. Budrugeac, L. Miu, S. Mitrea, G.
Sbarcea, Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of new
and historical parchments and leathers: Correlations
with DSC and XRD, Thermochim. Acta, 516, 2011,
19–28.
[9] C. Popescu, P. Budrugeac, F. J. Wortmann,
Investigating Patrimonial Leather and Parchment
Objects by Thermal Analysis, NATAS 2003 - North
American Thermal Analysis Society 2003 Conference,
Spring/Summer 2003, vol. 35 no. 1 & 2.
[10] C. Popescu, P. Budrugeac, Lucretia Miu and F. J.
Wortmann, Investigarea obiectelor istorice de piele
şi pergament cu ajutorul analizei termice, Al 13-lea
Simpozion anual de comunicări ştiinţifice a “Comisiei
de Analiză Termică şi Calorimetrie“ a Academiei
Române (Bucureşti 2004).
[11] Lucretia Miu, Carmen Gaidau, Victoria Bratulescu,
Viorica Deselnicu, Petru Budrugeac, Aurelia Meghea,
Rodica Antonescu, Alexandrina Olariu, Roxana Diaconu,
Ion Neacşu and Doina Seclaman, Research on old and
new leathers for patrymony objects restauration, ICOM
93, Atena, Greece 2004-05-02.
[12] Lucretia Miu, Carmen Gaidau, Victoria Bratulescu,
Petru Budrugeac, Aurelia Meghea, Maria Giurginca,
Adriana Ioniuc and Maria Geba, Physical-Chemical
Investigation of some Archeological Leathers from
Romanian Sites, The 9th ICOM-CC – WOAM Conference,
Copenhagen, Denmark, 6th – 11th June 2004.
[13] Elena Badea, Lucreţia Miu, Petru Budrugeac, Maria
Giurginca, Admir Mašić, Giuseppe Della Gatta, Damage
assessment of historical parchments by DSC and thermal
National projects
analysis, complemented by SEM, FTIR, UV-VIS-NIR and
unilateral RMN, XXVIII National Conference on Thermal
Analysis and Calorimetry, 11-15 Decembre 2006,
Milan, Italy.
[14] Lucretia Miu, Petru Budrugeac, Maria Giurginca,
Aurelia Meghea, Nicoleta Badea, Carmen Gaidau,
Doina Seclaman, Use of thermal, spectral and scanning
electron microscopy methods to assess the damage
of Romanian heritage leather and parchments objects,
7-th European Conference “SAUVEUR” Safeguarded
Cultural Heritage, Prague, Czech Republic, 31st May 3rd June 2006.
[15] P. Budrugeac, Lucreţia Miu, Aplicarea metodei
DSC pentru determinarea gradului de degradare a
pieilor şi pergamentelor ce fac parte din obiecte de
patrimoniu cultural şi istoric, Lucrările celui de al 16-lea
Simpozion anual de comunicări ştiinţifice a “Comisiei
de Analiză Termică şi Calorimetrie” a Academiei
Române, Bucureşti, 15 februarie 2007
[16] E. Badea, L. Miu, P. Budrugeac, M. Giurginca,
G. Della Gatta, Damage assessment of parchments.
I. An innovative multidisciplinary approach, The 2-nd
Intermational Conference on Advanced Materials and
Systems ICAMS 2008, Bucharest, 23-24 October
2008.
[17] E. Badea, L. Miu, P. Budrugeac, M. Giurginca,
G. Della Gatta, Damage assessment of parchments.
II. Evaluation of historical parchments, The 2-nd
Intermational Conference on Advanced Materials and
Systems ICAMS 2008, Bucharest, 23-24 October
2008.
[18] P. Budrugeac, Elena Badea, G. Della Gatta,
Lucretia Miu, Alina Comanescu, V. Marinescu, DSC
study of deterioration of parchment exposed to
gaseous chemical pollutants (SO2, NOx), International
Seminar and Workshop “Conservation and Restoration
of Parchments (CRP2008)”, Torino, 2008.
[19] E. Badea, L. Miu, P. Budrugeac, M. Saczuki, G.
Della Gatta, Thermal stability of parchments by MHT:
a reliable method for grading deterioration of archival
funds, TECHNART 2009 - Non-destructive and
Microanalytical Techniques in Art and Cultural Heritage, Athens, Greece, 27 - 30 April 2009
[20] P. Budrugeac, E. Badea, G. Della Gatta, L. Miu,
Use of the thermal analysis methods for investigation
of the environmental factors impact on parchments,
MATCONS 2009 Matter and Materials in/for Heritage
Conservation, Craiova, 15-19 September 2009.
[21] Maria Giurginca, P. Budrugeac, Victorya Plavan,
C. Chelaru, Lucretia Miu, Evaluation of the physical –
chemical characteristics of leather samples of some
historical objects from Kiev, MATCONS 2009 Matter
and Materials in/for Heritage Conservation, Craiova,
15-19 September 2009.
[22] Andrei Cucos, Petru Budrugeac, The suitability
of DMA method for the characterization of recent and
historical parchments and leathers, Academia Română,
Secţia de Ştiinţe Chimice, Comisia de Analiză Termică şi
Calorimetrie, Al 19-lea Simpozion Anual de Comunicări
Ştiinţifice – februarie 2010.
[23] A. Cucos, P. Budrugeac, L. Miu, S. Mitrea, G.
Sbârcea, Evidences of a distinct crystalline fraction
of collagen in parchments and leathers, Academia
Română, Secţia de Ştiinţe Chimice, Comisia de Analiză
Termică şi Calorimetrie, Al 20-lea Simpozion Anual de
Comunicări Ştiinţifice – februarie 2011.
[24] P. Budrugeac, A. Cucoş, Lucreţia Miu, The use
of DSC method for authentication of historical and/
or cultural objects manufactured from leather, 2nd
International Conference Matter and Materials in/
for Heritage Conservation Matcons’2011, Craiova,
Romania, 24–28 August 2011.
[25] A. Cucos, P. Budrugeac, Influence of NaCl on
the melting temperature of the collagen crystalline
region from parchments, 2nd International Conference
Matter and Materials in/for Heritage Conservation
Matcons’2011, Craiova, Romania, 24–28 August
2011.
[26] Petru Budrugeac, Andrei Cucos, Non-isothermal
kinetics of denaturation and melting of crystalline
phase of collagen, and of new and old parchments, The
11th Conference on Calorimetry and Thermal Analysis
(CCTA 11), Zakopane – Poland, September 2012.
[27] Andrei Cucos, Petru Budrugeac, Investigations of
thermal denaturation and melting of crystalline phase of
collagen, 11th Conference on Calorimetry and Thermal
Analysis (CCTA 11), Zakopane – Poland, September
2012.
The research was financed by National Programme
contract no. 224/2012 (7092/2012).
National projects
EnergY
Power generation system which uses a double - effect wind
turbine in order to ensure the energy autonomy in specific
applications
ABSTRACT
This project intends to develop a system for power
autonomy based on a double-effect wind turbine. Thus,
the project proposes the development up to prototype
stage, of a new type of wind turbine with a rated
power in the range of 10 - 20 kW, based on innovative
aspects: two wind rotors co-axially positioned onto
the same direction drive simultaneously an electrical
generator, achieved especially for this purpose. Based
on this turbine, it is developed a system for electric
energy generation which offers an increased safety
in the electric power supplying of a unit specialized in
the food industry production activities and which will
take over the prototype. INTRODUCTION
The study of double effect wind turbines (counterrotating or not) has begun in the last decade. At
international level, the research is focused on prototypes
in the power range of 0.5÷50 kW. Thus, during 2003
in California, Appa Technology Initiatives tested for 3
months [1] a prototype of 6 kW counter-rotating wind
turbine. The optimum operating conditions of turbines
are investigated also by numerical simulations, using
CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) software. Thus,
in [2], a counter-rotating system composed by two
500 kW turbines was studied. Simulations showed
that when operating the turbine at a speed of 10 m/s,
the annual energy production increases with 43.5%
comparing to the case of a single turbine operation.
Electrical generators suited for energy conversion
systems using counter rotating turbines can have a
specific design (both armatures mobile and horizontal
or vertical shaft) or can be developed as classic
generators (in this case requiring a complex system for
power transmission).
The use of permanent magnets significantly simplifies
the design of the electrical machine. The aim of this project for the year of 2013 is to
develop an experimental model of double effect wind
turbine.
The objectives of this project for the year of 2013
consist in:
- Development of an experimental model version;
- Development of the electric generator for the double
effect wind turbine;
- Testing of the electric generator on a specialized
stand;
- Development of the wind blades for the first rotor;
- Development of a system designed for operating
and monitoring the nacelle positioning (with electrical
equipment). Research staff of the project
PhD. Eng. Sergiu Nicolaie, IDT I
PhD. Eng. Mihail Popescu, IDT II
PhD. Eng. Mihai Mihăiescu, IDT I
PhD. Eng. Dorian Marin, CS III
PhDs Eng. Andreea Mituleţ, ACS
PhDs Eng. Rareş Chihaia, ACS
PhD. Eng. Gabriela Oprina, CS III
PhD. Eng. Corina Băbuţanu, CS
PhDs Eng. Adrian Nedelcu, CS
PhDs Eng. Cristinel Ilie, IDT I
PhD. Eng. Lucian Pîslaru-Dănescu, IDT II
Techn. Marius Miu
Techn. Mihaela Bungărescu
Techn. Florea Sorescu
There were developed:
- The experimental model - electric generator version
for the double effect wind turbine;
- The electrical characterization of the electric generator
on a specialized stand;
- The wind blades for the first rotor;
- The system designed for operating and monitoring
the nacelle positioning (electrical equipment);
- Numerical modelling of the wind rotors for the double
- effect wind turbine – EM;
- The pole with anchoring system and lifting / lowering
system;
- The charging and battery storage system;
- The system designed for operating and monitoring
the nacelle positioning onto the wind direction;
- The mechanical achievement of the nacelle;
- The bearing and connecting parts housing;
- The foundation of the turbine.
Based on the design calculations and testing achieved
with the two wind turbines, there were established the
technical elements, leading to the development of the
electric generator experimental model with counter
rotating armatures and rated power of 1 kW at 750
rpm.
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45
1.5
30
1
15
0.5
0
0
0
10
20
Fig. 4. The voltage and power depending on the
output current
Fig. 1. The design of the synchronous generator with
both mobile armatures. Exploded view
Fig. 2. The design of the synchronous generator
The tests were performed on the specialized stand to
Energy Department of ICPE-CA. The generator was
driven by a synchronous gear motor, with rated power
and speed through a coupling momentum transducer.
There were carried out tests for no-load, load and
heating modes.
CONCLUSIONS
After the performed tests, there were identified the
following parameters for the electric generator at the
rated speed:
- rated speed nn = 750rpm;
- line voltage U = 32V;
- electric power output Pu = 1000W;
- phase current output I=18,5A;
- mechanical electric conversion efficiency η = 80%.
REFERENCES
[1] Jung S.N., No T.-S., Ryu K.-W.,
Aerodynamic performance prediction of a 30 kW
counter-rotating wind turbine system, Renewable Energy,
2005, 30, (5), 631 – 644.
[21] Shen W.Z., Zakkam V.A.K., Sorensen J.N.,
Appa K., Analysis of counter-rotating wind turbines, The
Science of Making Torque from Wind, IOP Publishing,
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 75 (2007),
012003, doi:10.1088/1742-6596/75/1/012003.
contract no. 39/20012 (4285/2012).
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Fig. 3. The electromotive speed depending on the turation
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Design and sizing of a kinetic energy storage system working on flywheel principle
System modelling - optimization of the component elements
ABSTRACT
In order to size a kinetic energy storage system
working on the flywheel principle, it was carried
out a comparative study of the systems used
nowadays for energy storage, allowing thus to
emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of
the flywheel systems use. There are shown the
structure, working principle and main parameters
of a flywheel system, the designing and sizing
procedure of the main components and there
are presented details of the modelling and
optimization of these components: the flywheel,
the electrical machine and the bearing system.
INTRODUCTION
Nowadays there are used following energy storage
systems [1]:
• storage systems with electrochemical batteries:
supercapacitors, Ni-Cd, Li-Ion, Pb-acid, NaS,
metal-air and external electrolyte batteries;
• hydraulic and pneumatic storage systems, on the
principle of water pumping and compressed air;
• mechanical storage systems, with flywheel;
• electromagnetic systems, with storage in
superconducting coils;
• hydrogen storage systems (fuel cells);
• thermal energy storage systems.
The comparative analysis of these systems revealed
the field of use for each system and the advantages
and disadvantages of them.
From the structural point of view, in figure 1 it is shown
a section thru a flywheel energy storage system with
a classical configuration [2]:
Fig. 1. Flywheel system structure
The diagram of the energy transfer it is shown in the
next figure:
Fig. 2. Energy transfer diagram
The main parameters that describe a flywheel system
are [3]:
• energetic storage capacity;
• power and energy density;
• lifetime and no. of charge / discharge cycles;
• flywheel parameters;
• type and parameters of the electrical machine;
• type of the bearing system;
• supplied voltage.
For the design and sizing of the flywheel system it is
necessary to establish the main performances that the
system should meet:
• the system use;
• supplied voltage;
• the output power;
• operating time;
• number of operating cycles.
Dr. Eng. Ionel Chiriță, IDT II – head of the project
Eng. Cristinel Ilie, IDT I
Dr. Eng. Mihail Popescu, IDT II
Eng. Marius Popa, CS III
Eng. Daniel Dan, ACS
Eng. Nicolae Tănase, ACS
From the point of view of materials, for the flywheel
manufacturing it can be use wood, medium tensile
strength steel, aluminium alloys, titanium alloys,
high tensile strength steel (maraging steel), newest
developments using non isotropic materials, like
glass fiber, carbon fiber and Kevlar. These composite
materials leads to manufacturing costs much lower
than high tensile strength steel and titanium alloys and
also allow achieving high energy density [4].
The kinetic energy accumulated by a flywheel it is
given by the expression [5]:
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From this expression it can be considered that the
main method to increase the energy accumulated by
the flywheel it is to increase the rotation speed. But
this solution has limitations given by the flywheel
material, thru the admissible tensile strength which
has to be higher than the strain which arise do to the
flywheel rotation.
For the calculation of the flywheel moment of
inertia on have to calculate the energy necessary to be
released when the system has to pass in UPS mode, to
ensure a proper operation of equipment that the system
supply. The expression for the moment of inertia is:
With the value of the moment of inertia and choosing
the flywheel material, it can be calculate the volume
of material that leads to the calculated moment of
inertia, allowing determining the size of the flywheel.
For a faster and accurate modelling of the flywheel it
can be used 3D modelling software (e.g. SolidWorks),
which allow to adopt optimal flywheel shape, calculate
the moment of inertia and allow the simulation of the
flywheel behaviour to the high strain which arise during
the high speed rotation.
The electrical machine can be realized in reversed
configuration and has to be foreseen with cooling circuit.
This is required because the flywheel containment has
to be with vacuum, to eliminate the energy loss do to
the friction with air.
Also, it is necessary to use magnetic bearings,
because the high rotational speed that the flywheel
reach.
Using 3D modelling software SolidWorks there have
been created three flywheels, one from steel, one from
titanium and one from carbon fiber. For the flywheel
made from carbon fiber on a titanium alloy part, shown
in figure 3, there have been checked the flywheel
behaviour, from the point of view of strain that arise
during the high speed rotation.
Fig. 3. Flywheel made from carbon fiber
The simulation, made also with SolidWorks software,
emphasized the total tensile strength (according to von
Mises), which arise in the titanium alloy part and in
the carbon fiber part, the distribution of these tensile
strength being shown in the figure 4.
Fig. 4. Tensile strength distribution in the flywheel
made from carbon fiber
CONCLUSIONS
The comparative analysis of the energy storage
systems used nowadays shown that the flywheel
storage systems have significant advantages as:
specific energy relatively small, high lifetime with very
low maintenance, very good efficiency in respect with
the lifetime, low costs in respect to the efficiency and
to the lifetime, very low impact on the environment.
The materials used for the flywheel manufacturing
can be various, from usual and cheap (wood, common
steel), to high quality isotropic materials (special steel,
aluminum alloys, titanium alloys) and to anisotropic
new materials (composite materials with glass fiber,
carbon fiber and Kevlar. Material selection it is made
taking into account the rotational speed at the outer
diameter of the flywheel, which can be as bigger as
the ratio between the tensile strength of the material
and his density it is bigger.
The moment of inertia of the flywheel depends on
the power that the supplied equipment needs, on the
maximum speed of the flywheel and the coefficient of
speed fluctuation.
The disruptive effect which affect the dynamic
behavior of the flywheel and the shaft on which the
flywheel it is installed, request a very good balancing
of the system, both static and dynamic.
The electrical machine which it can be considered as
optimal to drive a flywheel system it’s a synchronous
permanent magnets machine, because it can be operate
very easily as reversible machine and because it can be
made to operate at very high speed, without special
measures to ensure the integrity of the components.
Special measures has to be adopted for the cooling
of the machine, taking into account that, to decrease
the friction loss, the containment of the flywheel has to
be with vacuum, the thermal transfer being difficult.
Magnetic bearings are the best choice that can be
used nowadays for flywheel storage systems, because
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these bearings allows, at reasonable price, to reach
very high rotational speed and very low friction losses,
which means very low power losses.
The modelling performed shown that the composite
materials with carbon fiber allow to manufacture
flywheels with smaller overall dimensions and which
can accumulate higher kinetic energy than the
flywheels made from other materials (steel or titanium
alloys), but have the disadvantage of a more difficult
technology for flywheel manufacturing.
REFERENCES
[1]. C. Naish, I. McCubbin, O. Edberg, M. Harfoot,
Outlook of energy storage technologies, study no.
IP/A/ITRE/FWC/2006-087/Lot 4/C1/SC2, made on the
request of the Industry, Research and Energy Committee
(ITRE) of the European Parliament, February 2008.
[2]. B. Bolund, H. Bernhoff, M. Leijon, Flywheel energy
and power storage systems, Renewable & Sustainable
Energy Reviews - RENEW SUSTAIN ENERGY REV, vol.
11, no. 2, pp. 235-258, 2007
[3]. Alan Ruddell, Storage Technology Report: WPST6 Flywheel, FP6 Project - Investigation on Storage
Technologies for Intermittent Renewable Energies:
Evaluation and recommended R&D strategy, pp. 7-10,
UK, June 2003.
[4]. A. Ter-Gazarian, Energy Storage for Power Systems,
ISBN 0 86341 264 5, Ed. Peter Peregrinus Ltd, UK,
1994, pp. 82.
[5]. M. I. Lopes Marques, Design and Control of an
Electrical Machine for Flywheel Energy-Storage
System, dissertation of master degree presented at
the Instituto Superior Tecnico within the Universidade
Tecnica de Lisboa, May 2008, pp. 8-19.
contract no. PN 09-35 0201 / 5201.
Growing of the efficiency of technological equipments and
processes for energy conversion from regenerative resources
Designing of the FA100 ultralight water well drilling rig, fabrication
and experimentation of the prototype of the FA100 ultralight
water well drilling rig
Abstract
F100 ultralight water well drilling rig was made
within this project. F100 ultralight water well drilling
rig is functioning based on the hydraulic rotary drilling
with direct circulation of the drilling fluid principle, it is a
low power driven drilling rig, having mechanical driving
from a small gasoline engine with vertical shaft.
FA100 drilling rig is the most efficient, lightest, end
cheapest drilling rig on the Romanian market today
having the lowest fabrication and exploitation cost but
having very high quality of the drillings and it can solve
the water resources crisis, especially for the small
households from the rural and suburban communities
(where is the worst aspect of the water crisis in our
country), through hydrogeological drillings at the best
price/quality ratio on the market today. Also, FA100 rig can realize installation of the Heat
Pumps in drilled wells having the best price/quality
ratio, allowing the efficient implementation of the Heat
Pumps in our country, which was prohibited till now
just due the very high costs of the drilled wells using
high power heavy drilling rigs.
There were obtained till now the following results
within the stages of the project: 1.The designing of
the FA100 drilling rig; 2.Fabrication of the drilling head
of the FA100 drilling rig.
INTRODUCTION
The actual situation of the researching for the well
drillings for water alimentation and for inhalation of the
Heat Pumps is as follows:
1. There is a differential market with high extremes
for the water drillings in Romania today: a. At the lower
end, there is a market for the water drillings made with
a primitive Middle Ages tool named “CRIVAC”, which
has not more been used in civilized Europe from 19th
century, which can primitive, manually and dry drill only shallow water wells (till H=25m depth), in nitrite
and microorganisms polluted aquifer strata, having
dirty water containing silt and sand without chance
of removing the sand and completing the well using
MAMMOTH pump, having a very low quality of the
water. The wells for installing the Heat Pumps can not
be drilled with this “CRIVAC”.
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b. At the other high end, there is a market for
the water drillings made with heavy high powered
industrial drilling rigs, truck or trailer mounted, having
high driving power (P=100÷200 HP), which are non
ecological drilling, destroying the land-property of the client, rigs which are fitted especially for the industrial
water drillings for the great cities monopolized water
networks and for great water consumers companies
such as COCA-COLA or brewer factories, having huge
costs for drilled and cased meter (more than 100
euro/m), drilling costs that are inaccessible for the small
households from the rural and suburban communities,
just where the water crisis is worst manifesting in our
country today, and costs being inaccessible for Heat
Pump mounting.
2. From abroad, especially in U.S.A. (see DEEP
ROCK Company [1]) there are light and ultralight water
well drilling rigs mechanical driven from small gasoline
engines which can drill at the best price/quality
ratio wells for potable, washing and irrigation water
alimenting and for Heat Pumps mounting.
For these reasons it was occurring the necessity for
making the FA100 drilling rig which can drill wells in
depth, clean and non polluted strata (H=40÷100m)
having a good and stable water flow, with the chance
of removing the sand and completing the well using
MAMMOTH pump, wells for water alimenting and for
Heat Pumps mounting, wells having a far better quality
water than these manually, primitive and dry drilled
with that “CRIVAC”, but wells having an accessible
drilling costs (30÷40 euro/m), far lower than the costs
of drilling using heavy high powered industrial drilling
rigs, truck mounted.
One of the scopes of the PN09350201 NUCLEU
project was the making the FA100 ultralight water
well drilling rig, and the objectives of the project were
researching, designing, fabrication till prototype stage
and experimentation of the FA100 ultralight water well
drilling rig.
The FA100 drilling rig can drill water wells having
Hmax=100m depth and Dmax=250mm maximum
diameter used for:
1. Potable, washing and irrigation water alimentation,
especially for small households from rural and suburban
communities, just where the water crisis is worst
manifesting in our country today;
2. Installation for Heat Pumps (WATER-WATER
and
SOIL-WATER);
3.Construction
foundations
reinforcement; 4. Geological soil sampling;
5. Mounting of electrical grounding systems.
The casing of the wells is made where is necessary
with PVC VALROM D=140x5.4mm blue casings,
especially made for water wells.
The necessity of making of the FA100 drilling
rig within this NUCLEU program has occurred due
the general objective of the project, which is the
researching for the efficiency of the technological
equipments and processes for using of regenerative
and non conventional energy sources, program which
offers also at the best hand and alternative solutions for
heating using fossil combustibles, through researching
for some regenerative, ecological, non conventional
systems of heating using Heat Pumps, having high energy efficiency, which can not be efficient
implemented only by drilling wells for installation of
the Heat Pumps using drilling rigs like FA100 rig, which
is light weight, efficient, having low fabrication and
exploitation costs but which can drill Hmax=100m
depth water wells with maximum quality of drilling.
One of the main obstacle till now for the
implementation of the heating systems using Heat
Pumps in Romania has been just the lack on the
Romanian market for a light drilling rig which can drill
H=100m wells for installing Heat Pumps at the best
price/quality ratio, as FA100 drilling rig can.
Chairman for PN09350201 Execution Stages:
Eng. Sorin Alexandru Fica, Scientific Researcher 2nd
degree – head of the project
Members:
PhD. Eng. Dorian Marin, Scientific Researcher 3rd
degree, PN09350201 Project Manager
PhD. Eng. Georgiana Marin, Scientific Researcher 2nd
degree, C.E.O. of IPCUP Subsidiary Office
Eng. Adrian Dobre, Technological Engineer 2nd degree
EXPERIMENTAL
The experimental for the prototype of the FA100 drilling
rig will be made in a further stage of the project.
The results till now of the project have been as
follows:
1. The designing of the FA100 ultralight water well
drilling rig (see Fig.1÷2);
2. The fabrication of the Drilling Head of the FA100
ultralight water well drilling rig (see Fig.3).
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Fig. 1. FA100 drilling rig, assembly drawing, front view
Fig. 2. FA100 drilling rig, assembly drawing, lateral view
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water alimentation especially for rural and suburban
communities and for installation of the Heat Pumps,
and for this reason, IPCUP Researching Branch Office
wants to re-launch its Research & Design activities
within this NUCLEU program through the following
methods:
1. Drilling at the best price/quality ratio for wells
used for potable, washing and irrigation water
alimentation and for installing Heat Pumps;
2. Fabrication in small series at the small‑scale
manufacturing Department of IPCUP Ploiesti of
the FA100 ultralight water well drilling rig, having
high quality of the drillings but having accessible
fabrication and exploitation costs.
REFERENCES
[1]. http://www.deeprock.com/ 10.02.2014
[2]. S. Seiceanu, T.Justel, Tehnologia forajului rotativ,
Editura Tehnică, Bucureşti, 1974
[3]. I. Costin, Elemente de calcul utilaj petrolier,
Editura Didactică şi Pedagogică, Bucureşti, 1986
[4]. A.Popovici, G.C. Niculae, C.D.Ene, Calculul şi
construcţia utilajului pentru forajul sondelor de petrol,
Editura Universităţii din Ploieşti, 2005
Fig. 3. Drilling Head of the FA100 drilling rig
CONCLUSIONS
There is a huge market demanding, in Romania and
also in E.U., for drilling wells using FA100 drilling rig,
wells which are for potable, washing and irrigation
The research was funded through National NUCLEUS
Research Programme, contract no. PN09350201 /
2013.
Experiencing the functional model of thermochemical energy
storage facility
Determination of the capacity and yield storage for at least three
systems of material
ABSTRACT
The thermochemical energy storage method is
based on storing/using of thermal effect resulting from
reversible reactions that can occur in various material
systems at specific temperatures / pressures. Basically,
the method allows the use of seasonal heat stored in
a material under specific conditions of temperature /
pressure and its release by exothermic decomposition
reaction or dehydration; the resulted thermal effect
can be used for heating of residential spaces. These
reversible processes can be exploited virtually, using
specially designed equipment. In this project it has
been designed and built a functional facility with a
volume of 15.32 cm3 which has been used to determine
the specific capacity and the yield storage for three
material systems.
INTRODUCTION
The solar energy is an inexhaustible resource that can
be used in thermochemical energy storage applications
as the primary source of energy in the reactions of
dehydration / decomposition of salts.
In the case of residences equipped with solar panels,
solar energy available in summer exceeds domestic
demand for water heating for current needs. However, in
winter, heating demands is higher than those provided
by solar energy. This extra energy required in winter
can be ensured by collecting the solar energy surplus
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generated during the summer through seasonal heat
storage systems. The thermochemical energy storage
is part from this system. There are two constructive
solutions of such equipment, as are shown in the
Figure 1. [1]
Fig. 1. Constructive solutions of thermochemical
energy storage installations
The first solution refers to installation with separated
reactors for the two reactions (Figure 1. a) and the
second solution refers to a single reactor in which
the two reactions take place at specific temperatures,
determined by the ambient temperature (Fig. 1 b).
Dr.Eng. Mariana Lucaci, CS I – head of the project
Eng. Phys. Iulian Iordache, IDT II
Eng. Aristofan Teişanu, CS III
Eng. Nicolae Stancu, IDT I
Techn. Marius Miu
EXPERIMENTAL
In this project it was chosen the second variant
for manufacturing of the to thermochemical energy
storage systems as is shown in the Figure 1.b)
Figure 2 shows the thermochemical energy storage
equipment used to determine the storage capacity and
the yield storage of the equipment, for three material
systems.
Thermochemical energy storage equipment consists
of:
The reactor system made up of:
1. - Reactor - made of stainless steel pipe with a
diameter of 20 mm and wall thickness of 1 mm.
2. – Tube for active material storage made of
stainless steel mesh with a mesh size of 0.2 mm and
a volume of 15.32 cm3.
3. - Water supply pipe for the anhydrous salt
hydration made of perforated stainless steel tube with
a diameter of 6 mm.
4. - Glass wool insulation with 10mm thick
5. - Water supply tank with scale for measuring the
volume of water introduced into the reactor.
Fig. 2. Installation for thermochemical energy storage
The electric heating system consists of:
6. - Resistance made of nichelina wire with a section of
0.3 mm2 and 500W power, insulated with asbestos.
7. - Autotransformer ATR - for regulation by electrical
resistance and thus to ensure a growth rate temperature
of 0.5 ° C/min 8. - Ammeter and voltmeter
Temperature measurement system is composed of:
9. - Temperature transducer that measures the
temperature inside the reactor – with thermocouple
K- type
10. - Temperature controller that displays the
temperature reached in the material stored into the
reactor.
The electrical scheme of the installation is shown in
Figure 3.
Fig.3. The electrical scheme of the installation
Table no. 1 shows the main technical characteristics
of the materials that were tested using the manufactured
installation.
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Table.1 The main characteristics of the tested
materials [2]
M a t e r i a l Specific reactions
type
Compound
Mg
Sulphate
Mg
Chloride
Na
Sulphate
(C)
Heat of
reaction
(kJ/mol)
T proc
(oC)
Solid Working
Reactant fluid
(B)
(A)
MgSO4·7H2O MgSO4
H2O
411
56-122
MgCl2.6H2O MgCl2
H2O
230
71-105
Na2S.5 H2O Na2S
H2O
300
110
Using the storage facility shown in Fig. 2 and on the
basis of the scheme presented in Figure 3 hydration /
dehydration experiments were made on the materials
systems presented in tab. 1, in the following test
conditions:
Reactor heating rate: 0.5°C/min
Pressure: atmospheric pressure
Temperature range: under specific temperatures of
the reversible processes. (Table 1)
The obtained results for the storage capacity and the
yield storage of the used installation are shown in
table 2.
Table 2. Storage capacity and the yield storage of the
installation
Material System
Storing capacity Yield storage,
kJ/kg
%
305,82
18
MgSO4MgSO4.7H2O
MgCl2 270,5
MgCl2.6H2O Na2S - Na2S.5 H2O -
25
-
Experimental conditions did not ensure full reactions in
the system for all materials tested, one of the reasons
being the quality of active materials available, proven
by DSC thermal analysis performed on the active
materials. For example, in Fig. 4 is shown the DSC
thermal analysis performed on MgSO4.7H2O.
Fig.4. DSC thermal analysis – MgSO4 7H2O
Cumulative reaction enthalpy of the two endothermic
effects observed on the DSC curve is ≈ 515J/g, a
value much lower than that reported in the literature
(1.67kJ/g).
CONCLUSIONS
According to the data from the table 3 is found
that recovery yields achieved on the experimental
model of thermochemical energy storage facility
are systematically lower than the reference models
presented in the literature, which is due on the one
hand to the low ratio of thermal mass of active material
/ overall thermal mass of the installation and to the
quality of the active materials (grain size, degree of
packing texture) at our disposal.
Table 3. Capacity and yield storage obtained using
the manufactured installation for 3 material systems,
compared with the data from the literature
Active material Storing capacity
systems
kJ/kg
Determ.
Yield storage,
%
Lit.
Determ.
Lit.
M g S O 4 - 305.82
MgSO4.7H2O
[2]
1699
18
45
MgCl2
- 270.5
MgCl2.6H2O
[2]
1082
25
69
Na2S - Na2S.5 H2O
[3]
1780
-
80
National projects
REFERENCES
1. H.A. Zondag, A. Kalbasenka, M. van Essen et al,
First studies in reactor concepts for Thermochemical
Storage, Report done by ECN on compact storage
technologies, Netherlands, 2008
2. CJ Ferchaud, HA Zondag, JBJ Veldhuis, R de Boer,
Study of the reversible water vapour sorption process
of MgSO4. 7H2O and MgCl2.6H2O under the conditions
of seasonal solar heat storage, ECN report under
Advanced Dutch Energy Material (ADEM) program –
2010 – 2012.
3. Iammak K, Wongsuwan W, Kiatsiriroj T., Investigation
of modular chemical energy storage performance, The
Joint International Conference on Sustainable Energy
and Environment (SEE), 2004.
The research was financed by the Nucleus Programme,
contract no. PN 09350201/2009 (5201/2009).
Energy optimization of lightning systems
ABSTRACT
The idea of energy optimization has started from the
fact that artificial lighting represents one of the main
components of human activity, helping to improve
work efficiency. Under the present sub theme, there
were developed several sets of measurements, for
energy optimization, determining the values for: active
power, reactive power, apparent power, effective
values of electric voltage and current, the cosine of
the phase shift angle between the voltage and current
fundamentals, the power factor as well as the lighting
level.
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this paper consists in the energy
optimization of some lightning systems: incandescent
lamps, high pressure mercury vapours discharge
lamps, high pressure sodium vapours discharge lamps,
fluorescent compact lamps and LED lamps.
The objectives of the execution phase are considering
the determination of the active and reactive power in
accordance with the output luminous flux for various
lightning systems: incandescent lamps, high pressure
mercury vapours discharge lamps, high pressure
sodium vapours discharge lamps, fluorescent compact
lamps and LED lamps, as well as the determination
of luminous flux/power ratio and the lighting systems
energy classification respectively.
The electric lighting represents one of the largest
electricity users, both by its weight in the balance of
power and as an essential element in the development
of the contemporary society.
The primary endpoint of a modern and efficient
lighting system is to provide a luminous comfortable
environment, with a minimum of necessary power and
with minimum investments [1].
The parameters which are appropriate for electric
lighting quality assessment are:
- the lighting level;
- the non-uniformity of illumination;
- the luminance level;
- the light colour;
- the light channelling;
- three-dimensional highlighting;
- level of the stroboscopic effect;
- level of the lighting system’s acoustic noise;
- disturbances on the supplying power grid [1].
Increasing the efficiency of electric lighting reduces
the electricity bill, reduces the energy demand and
thus, reduces the level of environmental pollution by
the used energy.
PhDs Eng. Andreea Mituleţ,
responsible
PhD Eng. Dorian Marin, CS III
PhD Eng. Georgeta Alecu, CS I
PhD Eng. Andreea Voina, IDT III
ACS
–
project
EXPERIMENTAL
An adequate stand was used for the characterization of
the lighting lamps, consisted of several measurements
equipment.
Fig. 1. Measurements stand for the lighting lamps
National projects
In order to determine the lighting level, there was
used the PHYSICS Line CA 811 light meter, ARNAUX
CHAUVIN brand.
In order to determine the energy characteristics,
there was used a FLUKE 434 power analyzer, which
meets the conditions established for monitoring the
voltage and electrical current changes, as well as and
the levels of active, reactive and apparent power along
with the power factor and phase angle between the
voltage phasor U and the electric current phasor I .
The measurements have been achieved by multiplying
10 times the electrical conductor clamp of Fluke 434
power analyzer in order to increase its sensitivity, and
accuracy of measurements.
There were achieved several sets of measurements,
determining the values for: active power, reactive
power, apparent power, effective values of electric
voltage and current, the cosine of the phase shift angle
between the voltage and current fundamentals, the
power factor as well as the lighting level.
Under the present sub theme, there was achieved
the energy optimization of some lightning systems:
incandescent lamps, high pressure mercury vapours
discharge lamps, high pressure sodium vapours
discharge lamps, fluorescent compact lamps and LED
lamps.
Table 1. Experimental determination of the electric
parameters for the first tested set of lighting lamps
taking into account the luminous flux - power ratio,
it resulted that the LED lamps have been the most
efficient.
In terms of the harmonics spectrum, the absorbed
electric current has displayed the most distorted
shape of the curve, in the case of compact fluorescent
lamps.
Currently, there have been developed and is indicated
the use of models with improved power factor (named
“lamps with power factor corrector”) with reduced
harmonics problems, but a sensible increased price.
CONCLUSIONS
In order to evaluate the energy efficiency and the
impact on the power supply grid of different types
of lighting lamps, there were determined the values
of: active power, reactive power, apparent power,
effective values of electric voltage and current, the
cosine of the phase shift angle between the voltage
and current fundamentals, the power factor, and well
as their lighting level.
Following the experimental measurements there has
resulted that the maximum energy efficiency has been
obtained in the case of luminescent diodes lamps (over
17 lux/W) and the minimum energy efficiency for the
fluorescent tubular lamps (about 1.3 lux/W). It was
also noticed that, except for the incandescent lamps,
all the other investigated ones generate harmonics, the
harmonic proportion being particularly high (of approx.
90% for the 3rd order) for the lamps with embedded
power supply circuits.
REFERENCES
Incandescent 75W
125W
Type 04273 *
70W Type 181923*
85W Type 09IV *
15W Type TL-D G13
3W
Type HPE-G35B-3
5W
Type HPE-G60A-5
Lighting lamp
P [W]
76,51
145,9
95,65
42,75
16,9
3,22
5,86
Q [VAr]
3,16
273,8
200,5
61,4
44,01
5,87
8,99
S [VA]
76,58
310,6
221,9
74,99
46,9
6,26
10,54
Urms [V]
235,2
235,3
235,6
235,1 235,8 235,4 235,5
Irms [mA]
322
1320
942
319
199
26
44
cosφ1
Power
factor PF
1
0,47
0,433
0,92
0,37
0,971
0,99
1
0,47
0,431
0,57
0,36
0,514
0,55
575
870
188,7
22
44
105
3,94
9,09
4,42
1,30
Parameter
E [lux]
300
Energy
efficiency 3,92
[lux/W]
[1].Golovanov N., Iordănescu I., Postolache P.,
Toader C., ș.a., Instalații electroenergetice și
elemente de audit industrial, Editura N’ERGO,
București, 2008.
[2]. Pencioiu P., Golovanov N., Păuna I., Popa I.,
Ivanovici C., Eficienţa energetică în domeniul
iluminatului electric, CNR-CME.
contract no. 09350201/2009 (5201/2009).
13,66 17,92
As a result of the experimental measurements, it
appears that the maximum relative level of illumination
is obtained in the case of LED lamps. Thus, for an
absorbed active power equal to 3,22W, the level of
illumination was equal to 44lux. In the case of another
studied configuration, for an active power equal to
5,87W, there was obtained a lighting level equal to 105
lux. Comparing to the other lamps that were tested,
National projects
Electrical machines with increased efficiency, by using advanced
technical solutions based on the predetermination of the magnetic
properties of sheets
ABSTRACT
The magnetic properties of electrical steels are
determined by the composition and structure. During
processing, depending on the processing technology,
the composition and structure of electrical steels
may change, leading thus to change their magnetic
properties. Such global magnetic measurements were
made.
It were characterized globally according to IEC
60404-2-1996, Magnetic materials - Methods of
measurement of magnetic properties of electrical steel
sheets, sheet packet type M400-65A.
To analyze the influence of punching on process
energy losses increased length was chosen perimeter
punching by applying successive cuts along the length
of the sample at different widths.
EXPERIMENTAL
Measuring global magnetic properties was carried
out using a closed magnetic circuit. Construction of the
entire device and the magnetizing coils are compliant
with IEC 60404-2-1996, Magnetic materials - Methods
of measurement of magnetic properties of electrical
sheets using the Epstein Brockhaus Messtechnik.
Samples subjected to global magnetic measurements
were cut in the sample sheets with width 30mm, length
300mm, and were arranged in package of 16 pieces
according to IEC 60404-2-1996, Magnetic materials
- Methods of measurement of magnetic properties of
electrical sheet.
Measurements on sheets cut by punching process
INTRODUCTION
Investigation process of magnetization of a
ferromagnetic material can possibly be done on two
levels of description. First, it can be postulated on
the basis of direct observations, a specific domain
structure and predict its behaviour according to the
minimum energy principle. This approach is still able to
actually provide anti hysteresis magnetization curve of
the material [1]. Secondly, the energy can be focused
on the component, the variation due to the interaction
of which with the centres of the fixing Bloch walls by
appropriate statistical description of the domain wall
movement, for tailoring the material coercivity [2, 3].
The aim of this work was to develop a model of
the behaviour of magnetic properties as a result of
processing the sheets type M400, to perform global
magnetic measurements and specimens on samples to
perform papers and to participate in conferences with
members of the consortium.
PhD. Eng. Phys. Eros Pătroi, CS II – Project
coordinator
PhD. Eng. Mirela Maria Codescu, CS I
PhD. Eng. Eugen Manta, IDT III
PhD. Eng. Alexandru Iorga, ACS
PhD. Eng. Phys. Delia Pătroi
PhDs. Eng. Florina Rădulescu, ACS
PhD. Phys. Gabriela Sbârcea, CS
Techn. Florentina Oprea
Techn. Georgeta Mărgineanu
The test sample consisted of a single piece of size 300
× 30 × 0.65 mm3 (width of the sheet lt = 30 mm).
The test of electrical sheet consisted in the variation of
the magnetic polarization J {1380, 1500, 1800} mT,
measured at the frequency f {10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60,
70, 80, 90, 100, 200 , 300, 400, 500, 600} Hz.
Variation of energy losses in excess if the 15 mm
width sheet for different magnetic polarization
It can be seen that with increasing magnetic
polarization influence on the length of the perimeter of
punching power losses increase. This is mainly due to
increased hysteresis losses.
National projects
In order to analyze the influence of punching process
of the loss of energy has been chosen to increase
the length of the perimeter of the punching by the
application of successive cuts along the length of the
sample at different widths.
With increasing magnetic polarization influence on
the length of the perimeter of punching power losses
increase. This is mainly due to increased hysteresis
losses.
It is found that with increasing magnetic polarization
peak value and the frequency of measurement appear
larger differences between the losses measured on the
sample 15 mm width, compared with the sample 30
mm width.
Variation of energy losses through hysteresis
determined for samples of different widths for
magnetic polarization Jp = 1800mT
Measurements on sheets cut through the electricerosion process
The test sample consisted of a single piece of size
300 × 30 × 0.65 mm3 (width of the sheet lt = 30
mm). The test of electrical sheet consisted in the
variation of the magnetic polarization J {1600, 1800}
mT, measured at the frequency f {10, 20, 30, 40, 50,
60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 200 , 300, 400, 500, 600} Hz.
Variation of energy losses in excess if the 30 mm
width sheet for different magnetic polarization
CONCLUSION
Have been fully performed all activities and objectives
set out in the phase II (2013) Contract PCCA - CTR.
32/2012.
After modelling the magnetic behaviour of magnetic
sheets processing depending on the way it was found
that stress affected zone length is comparable to the
thickness of the sheet. This has been confirmed by
experimental measurements.
In the study the effect of mechanical processing on
the structure, composition and extent of the sheets
areas affected by the processes done, it was found
that:
1.
Mechanical processing can adversely affect
the losses in electrical steels.
2.
With
increasing
magnetic
polarization
influence on the length of the perimeter of punching
power losses increase. This is mainly due to increased
hysteresis losses.
3.
It is found that with increasing magnetic
polarization peak value and the frequency of
measurement appear larger differences between the
losses measured on the sample 15 mm width compared
with sample 30 mm width.
REFERENCES
[1] D. J. Craik and D.A. McIntyre, Magnetostatic
effects in grain oriented silicon iron, IEEE Trans. Mag.,
vol. MAG-5, pp. 378-383, 1969.
[2] J.A. Baldwin, Jr. , Magnetic hysteresis in simple
materials, I. Theory, J. Appl. Phys., vol. 42, pp. 10631076,1971.
[3] R. Vergne, J. C. Cotillard and J. L. Porteseil, Quelques
aspects statistiques des processus d’aimantation dans
lecorps ferromagnbtiques, Revue Phys. Appl., vol.16,
pp. 449-476, 1981.
The research was funded through PNCDI II Programme,
contract no. 32/2012 (7093/2012).
Variation of energy losses through hysteresis
determined for samples 30 mm width for
different magnetic polarization
National projects
Increase efficiency and equipment process technology for
conversion of energy from renewable resources
The implementation phase nr.4/2013
The theoretical bases of operation of the heat pump
The implementation phase nr.7/2013
System design, flow calculation, thermal calculation
and sizing of heating and domestic hot water heat
pump using soil energy
ABSTRACT
Studies and analyzes undertaken resulting heat
pump ground- water wells drilled (vertical collectors) is
the most used because both high reliability , as well as
performance coefficient whose value exceeds 4. Also,
we mention the issue of depreciation investment costs,
the maximum being 5 years. Not least, the conclusion
was that this type of heat pump assures the protection
and conservation the limited natural resource.
INTRODUCTION
Both global and European attention is given to the
use of renewable clean energy.
Romania has adopted the EU package requires, by
2020 , reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least
20 % greater use of renewable, which will come to
represent 20% of total energy production and reducing
consumption energy by 20%.
The project’s overall objective is the study, design,
development and testing of systems and technologies
in the field of extraction, storage and use of energy from
renewable sources (wind, solar, hydro) and developing
new solutions for the process industry.
Subtopic above aims efficient exploitation of nonconventional energy technologies by implementing
environmentally friendly heating systems, high energy
efficiency, based on heat pump borings adjacent to a
new generation of ultralight installation of wells drilled.
Eng. Adrian Dobre, IDT II – project responsible
Members:
Eng. Nicolae Căpăţână – Mitroiu, IDT II
Eng. Sorin Alexandru Fica, CS II
Eng. Laurenţiu Ivan, ACS
In step 4 were analyzed: the principle of operation
of the heat pump, heat sources utilized by heat pumps
and theoretical basis for heat pump operation.
In step 7 were studied: composition heating
and domestic hot water heat pump, heat on soil,
plant functional description in order Flow - optimal
conditions and operational functionality and design
automation system closed loop, the signals from the
temperature sensors, flow and pressure. It was also
sized components of the plant and the loss of thermal
power circuit between the consumer and the heat
pump.
CONCLUSIONS
Heat pumps offer technological prerequisites
necessary to effectively use solar energy stored in
water, soil and air as the organic heat. Heat transport
from the cold source to the hot source, is carried out
with the lowest possible energy consumption, reversed
Carnot cycle by means of a reversible.
The facility is designed for heating and domestic hot
water heat pump ground - water, wells drilled (vertical
scavengers) protect and save scarce natural resources
(fossil fuels).
In the scheme design and sizing relations mentioned
in the paper, you can design heating and domestic hot
water heat pump, using energy from the ground with
technical parameters imposed.
It is considered appropriate to use heat pumps
in industries characterized by drying processes
(evaporation, concentration, dehydration) drying wood,
dry skin tanneries, paper and cardboard, namely drying
of construction materials (ceramics, tiles, bricks). Also, it
can be used in chemical industry (caustic concentration,
nitric acid) and industry pharmaceuticals. Finally, we
mention the agro-food (dairy, fruit and vegetable juices
achievement, conservatories / solarium) and animal
husbandry (animal breeding heating). Also do not
forget to protect heritage buildings and works of art.
REFERENCES
1. F. Bratu, Operaţii şi utilaje în Industria Chimică
(Operations and equipment in chemical), vol.II, Editura
Tehnică (Technical Publishing House), Bucharest,
1970.
2. V. Palade, Recipiente şi aparate tubulare (Vessels
and tubular), Editura Semne (Semne Publishing House),
Bucharest, 2000.
3. M. Bălan, A. Pleşa, Instalaţii frigorifice. Construcţie,
funcţionare şi calcul (Refrigerators. Construction,
operation and calculation), Cluj-Napoca, 2002.
4. M. Bălan, Instalaţii frigorifice (Refrigerators), Editura
Todesco (Todesco Publishing House), Cluj-Napoca,
2000.
5. Macovescu, Camere şi Instalaţii frigorifice (Rooms
and refrigerators), Casa cărţii de ştiinţă, Cluj-Napoca,
2004.
6.V. Bendea, Oportunităţi de utilizare a pompelor de
căldură (Opportunities using heat pumps), Analele
Universtităţii Oradea, 2000.
The research was funded through the Nucleus
Programme, contract no. PN 09350201 (5102/2009).
National projects
Literature review regarding energy issues in osmotic processes
Chemical modification of semipermeable membranes type thin film composite and
exchange cation/anion membranes-experimental trials
Experimental trials of 3D nanopatterning on in house polymeric membrane/
conductive substrates by SEM-FEB/AFM methods
ABSTRACT
One of this project objectives is to explore membrane
mechanisms involved in osmotic processes and to
prospect the possibilities to model / execute osmotic
nanodevices by SEM/FIB techniques and chemical
modification of existing FO membranes.
INTRODUCTION
As in an RO process, great demands will be placed
on membrane in most industrial FO processes. A
review of the literature shows that there are some
approaches to membranes for large scale osmotic
(non-RO) concentration processes. One of the them is
to design and fabricate new membranes specifically
for the FO process.
Two of the project objectives is to explore new
possibilities to design and fabricate new membranes for
FO. In this regard during 2013 activities, the experimental
work deal with testing chemical modification of different
types of membranes (Nafion 117, Celgard, PVDF) and
trials on nanolitography techniques. Focussed ion beam
(FIB) patterning is nowadays used on rather large scale
in the microelectronics industry to pattern structures
with lateral sizes down to several tens of nanometers.
Therefore, inorganic membranes with nanopores have
been fabricated using nanolithography techniques.
These processes can precisely control nanopore size
and easily integrate with microdevices. Nanopores
were drilled using techniques of focused ion beam (FIB)
and electron beam lithography (EBL) on substrates,
including silicon1 silicon nitride2, and graphene3.
Dr. Eng. Gabriela Hristea, Senior Researcher – head of
the project
Eng. Phys. Virgil Marinescu, Ph.D student, Junior Researcher
Dr. Eng. Phys. Delia Patroi, Senior Researcher
Dr. Eng.Teodora Malaeru, Senior Researcher
EXPERIMENTAL
During 2013 activities, have been performed:
1. Testing of several chemical modification methods
on 3 types of membranes:
- Proton exchange membrane: NAFION 117;
- Cation exchange membrane: PVDF (polyvinilpirolidone);
- Anion exchange membrane: CELGARD.
Chemical modification has been achieved by wet
chemistry and sol-gel methods with:
- Conductive polymers: pyrole in case of NAFION
and aniline in case of CELGARD;
- SiO2- case of PVDF;
- CNT (carbon nanotubes) case of NAFION.
2. Trials of nanopatterning on: Si and chemical
modified obtained membranes by focussed ion beam
(FIB) and nanolithography based on atomic force
microscopy.
The above mentioned test membranes (NAFION,
CELGARD, and PVDF) have been successfully chemical
modified.
Celgard microfiltration membrane was functionalized
to enhance anti-poisoning properties through optimising
hydrophilic character by:
- covalent bonding with a macroinitiator based on
peroxide polyelectrolyte (obtained from polypropyleneanhydride (altmaleic) and t-butyl hydroperoxide;
- in situ polyaniline polimerization (chemical
modification was put in evidence by FTIR and AFM
measurements).
NAFION 117 has been modified with:
- Carbon nanotubes addition; CNT quantity in
polymeric matrix influence the performance of
composite membrane used in osmotic processes, in
order to ensure a high penetration flux and excellent
selectivity; used carbon nanotubes has been modified
with polyvinyl alcohol;
- In situ polymerisation of pyrole-to enhance
sensitivity and proton conductivity and CH3OH/H2O
permeability (possible by perm selective polymeric
coatings);
PVDF has been modified by SiO2 nanoparticles; from
literature report appear that increasing silica quantity
in diluted PVDF solution lead to membranes with high
permeation flux and low retention.- comparing with
concentrated PVDF solution where addition of silica
has no influence on membrane performance.
All resulted chemical modified membrane samples
were qualitative analysed in this step – by electron
microscopy and FTIR measurements in order to
partially validate the potential method of chemical
National projects
modification ( of selected semipermeable membranes)
from the inside of quick and low cost methods.
The nanopatterning trials had in view testing the
processing availability of chemical modified membranes,
of carbon membranes (based expanded graphite)
and SiO2- by focussed ion beam and atomic force
microscopy nanolithography. In this attempt have been
track the influence of time exposure, beam current and
type of processed material.
Fig.2. FIB pattern obtained at 500 pA, depth 2 μm,
10000X (a. SESI, b. InLens detector) - carbon based
material
Fig.1. FIB pattern obtained at 10 pA, depth 2 μm,
50000X (a. SESI, b. InLens detector) - carbon based
material
From obtained data, were noticed that FIB
patterning results has been optimum (related to
geometric accuracy) at 10 pA and drilling tine of 166s
for carbon membranes and for 10pA and drilling tine
of 417sfor SiO2 samples. Depth penetration has been
kept the same for all samples. Increasing the current
(e.g. 200pA) leads to material co-deposition and stress
of the target material. Decreasing the current (smaller
than 5pA) leads to undefined patterns.
For in house obtained conductive membranes, by
AFM were put in evidence topographies differences
in range of nanometers. Based on critical condition
imposed for AFM patterning substrates has been
abandoned the idea to pattern the obtained conductive
membranes through AFM; due to surface quality or
spatial limitation and processing condition this type of
patterning (AFM nanolithography) become an instable
process and could lead to non-reproducible scale up
methods.
CONCLUSIONS
Chemical modified membranes could be designed
for particular application with special features given
by certain functional-active chemical group grafted on.
Chemical modification on semipermeables membranes
could be applied to improve separation performances
(affinity/selectivity). In this step, the grafting method
National projects
on selected semipermeable membranes has been
successfully achieved.
The nanopatterning trials proved the processing
availability of in house prepared membranes. Various
materials
can be selectively etched in reactive gas
atmospheres achieving aspect ratios up to 30 with a
minimum feature size below 25 nm. Having the unique
nanopatterning ability to add or remove features with
a resolution of 20 nm or better, the FIB method is
currently used to modify integrated circuits and masks,
or to fabricate cross section transmission electron
microscopy specimens. The major drawback of the
method is associated
with the high damage that occurs during milling
and imaging, in particular, if a dual-beam FIB machine
(where imaging is performed by a primary electron
beam) is not available. While most of the structural
defects can be healed by a high-temperature thermal
annealing after milling, a gallium doping is basically
unavoidable and in special cases might be relatively
harmful to the final properties of material.
REFERENCES
1. C. C. Striemer, T. R. Gaborski, J. L. McGrath and P.
M Fauchet, Nature 445, 749 (2007).
2. H. D. Tong, H. V. Jansen, V. J. Gadgil, C. G. Bostan,
E. Berenschot, C. J. M. van Rijn and M. Elwenspoek,
Nano Lett. 4, 283 (2004).
3. C. Dekker, Nature Nanotech. 2, 209 (2007).
contract no. PN 0935 0201 (5201/2009).
Concept and design of a biogas reactor 10 m3 volume and flow 350 l/day
ABSTRACT
In the analysis performed on the current national
and European development of biogas technologies to
harness waste to biogas production was elaborated
the design theme for 10m3 biogas reactor to allow
accurate technical conditions to be considered in the
draft implementing 10m3 biogas reactor followed by
3D models of components and finally the assembly
in macro-template based on these 3D models being
developed the execution documentation for 10m3
biogas reactor.
INTRODUCTION
In Romania, biogas production is still a common
practice due to market barriers such as lack of technical
knowledge and experience of farmers, of the designing
companies, general lack of information for decision
makers on economic and environmental benefits of
these technologies, and insufficient access to finance.
In Europe, countries such as Austria, Denmark,
Germany and Sweden are among the most experienced
in terms of biogas technology, they managed to
establish national markets competitive in the field. The
biogas plants by Member leaders in the field are to
treat such waste products from agriculture, and other
fermentable materials (waste from the meat industry,
dairy, spirits), and sludge from wastewater treatment
plants, being designed and built with the aim of waste
by generating energy.
Classification of biogas installations can be done by
many criteria, such as the power mode of the biomass
in the fermenter, fermenting the geometrical shape of
the reactor, the number of reactors used, location on
the ground, working schedule etc.
We can make a classification of the biogas
technology:
•
Anaerobic technologies with continuous flow;
•
Anaerobic technologies with batch operation;
•
Anaerobic technologies lagoon;
•
Vertical anaerobic technologies reactors;
•
Horizontal anaerobic technologies reactors;
•
Single-phase anaerobic technology;
•
Anaerobic technologies biphasic;
•
Anaerobic technologies without mixing;
•
Anaerobic technology with constant stirring;
•
Anaerobic technologies for households.
PhDs Eng. Tănase Nicolae, ACS – project responsible
Dr. Eng. Chiriță Ionel, IDT II
Dr. Eng. Mateescu Carmen, CS III
Dr. Eng. Babuțanu Corina, CS
Dr. Eng. Nicolaie Sergiu, IDT I
National projects
Based on the overall objective of the project, that
the conception and design of a 10m3 biogas reactor
and flow 350l/day, was made the design theme for
10m3 biogas plant with biogas flow 350l/day where
considered:
The
•
•
•
raw material used:
Organic mass content: min. 9%;
pH: 6,8 – 7,2;
Mixed density 1050 kg/m3.
Construction of the facility:
•
Underground, covered with a layer of minimum
0.8 m earth.
Product destination:
•
Recovery of organic waste from agriculture, food,
household etc.
The design theme was developed and reviewed by
members of the research project and submitted for
approval to the management department in which was
running the project.
Therefore after the analysis of biogas technology
and respecting the data required in the design theme
was designed the biogas reactor shown in Figure 1.
Fig.1. Sketch of 10m3 biogas plant designed
1,2- compost supply pump / exhaust residue
fermented; 3.4 - supply sealing valve duct / exhaust;
5 - fermentation reactor; 6 - The homogenization;
7 - Gaussmeter; 8 - Socket ventilation manoeuvres
loading / unloading; 9 - check valve; 10 - level
transducer; 11 - Soil that is mounted bioreactor
The essential element of a biogas plant is the
digester, a sealed reactor tank air ingress, in which the
raw material is subjected to anaerobic fermentation
process, taking place, thus, biogas production.
It was performed a series of calculations for sizing the
digester wall thickness and for strength of the digester
under pressure, based on these calculations for sizing and
strength was achieved the virtual 3D model of a 10 m3
digester the suitable diameter for application is d= 2000
mm and a length of L = 3500 mm, made from glass
fiber and pipes for supply / discharge are made from PVC
with diameter of 200 mm, having a gas outlet at the top
of tank with diameter of 1200 mm.
The content of the fermentation reactor must be
stirred several times a day, for further mixing fresh raw
material added to existing substrate in the fermenter,
to prevent the formation of crusts on the surface of
the sedimentation layer and, the bringing into contact
of microorganisms with new feedstock particles,
facilitating lifting gas bubbles and the homogenization
of heat and nutrients.
Thus it was designed the 3D virtual model of a
vertical shaft mixer consists of a vertical gear motor
with power P = 0.18 kW (covering) and output speed
n = 35rot/min FF127 R77 DR63 type M4 (SEW
Eurodrive GmbH the manufacturing company) a flexible
coupling for transmitting motion and retrieving game
type KXL - 13.5 - A - A (JAKOB Antriebstechnik GmbH
the manufacturing company) and a sub-assembly
consisting of a mixing propeller with a diameter of ϕ
600 mm and a shaft, vertically arranged, mounted on
the fermentation digester.
For storing biogas fermentation process using buffer
tanks called gasometers. These are necessary in order
to ensure a constant flow of gas to the user. In the
case of this biogas reactor from the project, with a
small amount of gas produced, shall be chosen the
gasometer with constant pressure and variable volume,
the solution with water tank and hydraulic closing.
For feeding / discharge frequently, are used two
types of pumps: centrifugal pumps and displacement
pumps. Centrifugal pumps (rotary) are, most often,
submerged, however they can be placed next to
the digester in a dry well. For special applications
are available fragmentation pumps that are used for
materials containing long fibers (straw, fodder, grass
cuttings).
Knowing the volume of 10 m3 biogas plant and
product gas flow 350l/day according to the daily
production of biogas ensure 350l/day was chosen
and selected according to these criteria a pump for
transporting the organic matter to ensure that the
power plant discharge flow required a daily batch type
Sewatec F 150-315 (manufacturer KSB) P = 1.5 kW.
In order for biogas production process to achieve
the optimum parameters imposed, and that the gas
will not be removed accidentally, forced through pumps
and increased safety were chosen according to DN
150 nominal output / input of the pump and the pump
pressure has chosen type valves DN150 PN16 BOA
(manufacturer KSB).
Based on calculations and analyzes three-dimensional
modelling was done for biogas reactor components and
its assembly, finally resulting the virtual model of the
assembly of 10m3 biogas plant shown in figure 2.
National projects
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fig. 2. 3D virtual model of 10m3 biogas plant and
biogas flow 350l/day
Following the completion of the 3D model was
developed execution documentation for 10m3
biogas plant. The project contains the list of basic
documentation, which can be found listed all of the
manufacturing drawings of the biogas plant required
for a volume of 10m3 and a flow of 350l/day produced
biogas that is shown in figure 3.
The execution documentation of the biogas plant
for 10m3 volume and biogas flow 350l/day product
contains also manufacturing drawings for all of the
parts that makes the whole described above.
The drawings contain all the data necessary
for their realization. In the drawings were past all
dimensions, tolerances of form and position, including
technical and technological particulars necessary for
the manufacturing of parts components and their
mounting.
Fig.3. The assembly drawing for biogas reactor with
10m3 volume and flow 350l/day
CONCLUSIONS
It was conceived and designed a biogas reactor with
10m3 volume for a production of minimum 350l/day.
The facility conceived consists of:
•
Pumps for organic matter supply / exhaust residue
fermented;
Biogas digester;
The system for homogenization;
The gasometer;
The structure guidance for gasometer;
Valves for sealing the pipe inlet / outlet;
Socket ventilation manoeuvres loading
unloading;
Check valve;
Level transducer.
/
•
•
It was elaborated the documentation for the
manufacturing of biogas plant with 10m3 volume and
flow 350l/day comprising:
•
1 assembly drawing “10m3 biogas plant and flow
350l/day” with 30 parts;
•
23 manufacturing drawings;
The documentation for the execution of biogas
reactor contains technical information and technology
to achieve 10m3 biogas reactor; the documentation was
developed to compliance with the requirements and
the design theme based on 3D modelling performed.
In view of above it is considered appropriate to
continue the project to completion and certification
the 10m3 of the biogas reactor prototype and with flow
350l/day.
REFERENCES
[1] Ann C. Wilkie, “Biomethane from Biomass, Biowaste
and Biofuels”, Bioenergy, Cap. 16, 2008, pag. 195205.
[2] Băran Gh., Mateescu C., Băbuţanu C.A, Băran N.,
Mândrea L., Craiu C., Pena Leonte E., Ghita I., Dumitru
L., “Realizări şi perspective în industria biogazului”,
Editura Printech, 2008, ISBN 978-606-521-064-6.
[3] Bejan M., Rusu T., „O sursa de energie regenerabila
– biogazul din deseurile organice”, Buletin AGIR nr. 1,
ianuarie-martie, 2007, pag. 13-19.
[4] Fizesanu S., Catuneanu T., Gnandt Fr., Bejan M.,
„Cresterea calitatii vietii prin realizarea de energii
regenerabile din deseurile organice”, Stiinta si inginerie,
vol. 5, Editura AGIR, Bucuresti, 2004, pag. 59-64.
[5] House H., Alternative Energy Sources – Biogas
Production, London Swine Conference – Today’s
Challenges - Tomorrow’s Opportunities 3-4 April,
2007.
[6] Jingming L., „Rural biogas development in China”,
Report China Biogas Society 2007.
[7] Jules B. van Lier, “Anaerobic Industrial Wastewater
Treatment; Perspectives for Closing Water and
Resource
Cycles”,
Proceedings
of
ACHEMA
2006, 28th International Exhibition Conference on
Chemical Technology, Environmental Protection and
Biotechnology, Frankfurt, Germany, 15-19 May, 2006,
http//:edepot.wur.nl/39480.
[8] Mateescu C., Baran Gh., Babutanu C.A.,
„Opportunities and barriers for development of biogas
technologies in Romania”, Environmental Engineering
and Management Journal, Vol. 7, No. 5, 2008, pag.
603-607.
[9] Teză de doctorat Mateescu Carmen, UPB,
National projects
Facultatea de Chimie Aplicată şi Ştiinţa Materialelor,
„Studii privind posibilităţi de valorificare energetică a
deşeurilor organice din industria etanolului, la obţinerea
de biogaz cu valoare energetică ridicată”, feb. 2012.
[10]. *** - Bibliotecile cu modele 3D ale SolidWorks
Office Premium 2013.
[11]. *** - Colecţiile de standarde referitoare la
proiectare mecanică.
[12]. Shi Guozhong, Design and Contruction of
Biogas Digester*.ppt, Training Course on Rural Energy,
Environment and Hygiene Technology for Developing
Countries, Chengdu-China, August 1– August 20,
2012 .
[13]. Gh. Buzdugan, Rezistența materialelor, Editura
Tehnică, București 1980.
The research was financed by the Nucleus Programme
PN09350201, contract no. 5201/2009.
National projects
Environment
Device for CO2 detection and retention
ABSTRACT
The environment aspects has a major relevance
taking into account the sustainable development and
the long term assurance of appropriate life and work
conditions.
The following aspects have been analysed in this
project:
- wastes generated by the oil industry as well as
their impact on the economy and environment;
- the environmental legislation;
- an analysis of environmental factors: water, air,
soil, presenting the main quality indicators and the allowed limits, specific pollutants and the regulations
regarding the evaluation/ measurement methods.
INTRODUCTION
In the current economic context marked by globalization
and highly recognition of the interdependence
between environment and development, we assist at
the increasing of environmental protection demands
materialized in more severe regulations.
The overall objective of the project „Device for
CO2 detection and retention” is an analysis of the
environmental factors, industrial pollutants and
innovative technical solutions to retain and treat
anthropogenic emissions and wastes.
Two objectives were approached during the stage
no.1/2013 named Methods and mechanisms to reduce
pollution and to remedy oil contaminated areas in oil
and gas industry. Creating a mobile entity to monitor
environmental factors (water, air, soil):
- O1 Identification of wastes resulted from the oilfield
industry;
- O2 An analysis of legislation and specific
requirements regarding the environmental
factors evaluation.
The Romanian environmental legislation is wide and
subjected to a process of continuous renewal, updating,
to correlate with the international requirements,
regulations and standards, particularly with those of
the E.U.
The
E.U.
policy
regarding
the
waste
management
is
specified
in
the
European Community Strategy for Waste Management,
based on three main principles:
- waste prevention;
- recycling and reusing;
- safely final disposal.
Dr. Eng. Cristina Banciu, CS III - project manager
Members:
PhDs. Eng. Georgeta Stoianovici, CS
Eng. Hermina Moscaliuc, ACS
Eng. Aurelian Filip, CS
The first objective of the project has as result an
analysis of the wastes generated in oilfield industry
and their impact on the economy and environment,
as well as their regulation – European and national
legislation.
The paper presents the following:
- the National Strategy for Waste Management –
2014-2020 [1], establishing the Romanian policy and
strategic objectives regarding waste management;
- a summary of the current legislation regarding
industrial wastes, both European and national;
- the amounts of hazardous and non-hazardous
wastes generated by the main economic activities
during 2006–2010 [2];
- oilfield industry specific wastes divided into
categories of activities: drilling, extraction and
refining.
Waste legislation strategic elaborated by the
European Directives is transposed in Romania by
laws, Government Decisions and Ministerial Orders
presented in this paper associated with relevant
European legislation.
This paper presents the requirements regarding
wastes producers and holders, as follows:
- wastes records, hazardous wastes included;
- wastes treatment prior to complete elimination;
- controlled storage of wastes so as to not affect
the environment;
- measures to prevent and reduce the quantities of
wastes.
Besides of the main products, a number of residues
(wastes) results as a result of the activities in oilfield
industry, from drilling, extraction, but especially in the
refining and petrochemical.
The most significant residues both quantitatively and
qualitatively, which results from wells drilling strongly
influencing the soil, subsoil, surface and subsurface
waters pollution, are the following:
a) drilling fluid;
b) detritus;
c) gases in drilling fluid;
d) waste water;
e) technological wastes;
National projects
f) chemical products from mud preparation and
wells stimulation.
The most significant residues resulting from oil
extraction are the following:
a) residues from oil separation and storage tanks;
b) slurries;
c) waste water;
d) contaminated soil;
e) decommissioning / construction / demolition
debris.
Oil refinery wastes [3] normally covers three
categories of materials:
a) sludge, both oily (e.g. tanks bottoms) and nonoily (e.g. from waste water treatment facilities);
b) other refinery wastes, including miscellaneous
liquid, semi-liquid or solid wastes (e.g. contaminated
soil, spent catalysts from conversion processes, oily
wastes, incinerator ash, spent caustic, spent clay,
spent chemicals, acid tar) and;
c) non-refining wastes, e.g. domestic, demolition
and construction.
Fig. 1. Oil refinery waste classification [3]
The paper presents the most important characteristics
of these industrial wastes, how they are generated as
well as the risks induced by their mismanagement. From the foregoing results the great diversity
of oilfield industry wastes mostly classified as
hazardous and that needed to be managed (recovered
/ neutralized)
The following aspects were studied within the
second objective:
- interpretation of the terms as ˝environment˝ and
˝pollution˝, resulting that the environment protection
can be defined as an aware and scientifically grounded human activity aiming the pollution prevention, life
conditions maintaining and improving;
- a pollution classification according to several
criteria: provenience, nature and physical condition of
the pollutants;
- the characteristics of each environment element
(water, air, soil), specific pollutants particularly of the
oilfield industry as well as aspects generated by the
noise pollution;
- environmental legislation containing the framework
legislation, environment elements legislation (water, air,
soil, noise level) and a summarization of the European
Directives transposed/implemented by Romanian
laws;
- environment elements (water, air, soil, noise level),
presenting the main pollutants and pollution sources,
the quality indicators and their allowed limits as well
as the regulation regarding evaluation / measurement
methods.
The second objective also includes a summarization
of current environmental legislation and of the
environment elements quality requirements for all
those interested.
CONCLUSIONS
Analysing the petroleum industry technological
processes generating wastes, it can be concluded that
the waste generation can not be stopped. However, the
wastes producers have the legal obligation to properly
manage these wastes under strictly supervised
conditions in terms of the environment quality and
protection and of the human safety and health.
Multiple benefits are obtained from petroleum
wastes recovery by using them in different industries
as substitutes of traditional fuels and raw materials,
saving non-renewable resources and solving waste
management problems in this industry. This paper
could be continued by identification of wastes
treatment methods in order to reduce the content of
organic compounds and the mobility of the potentially
pollutant inorganic compounds, supporting all the
petroleum wastes producers. This paper shows that the environmental Romanian
legislation is wide, containing many Government
Decisions, laws and orders issued by different
authorities. This paper summarized them, supporting
all those interested in current environmental legislation
and quality requirements of the environment
elements. It shows that Romania has fulfilled its
obligations assumed by signing the Accession Treaty
to the EU, harmonizing its legislation, particularly the
environmental legislation, with EU legislation.
REFERENCES
[1]*** National Strategy for Romanian for Romanian
Sustainable Development, www.anpm.ro
[2]*** National Report regarding the State of the
Environment - 2011, www.anpm.ro
[3]*** BAT reference document for refining of mineral
oil and gas, European Commission
The research was financed by the Nucleus National
Programme, contract no. 0935-0303/2009.
National projects
APPLICATIONS IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Modelling and procedures for the preparation of the manufacturing,
assembling and testing processes of the magnets for FAIR project
ABSTRACT
In order to create the 3D model of the magnets
that are subject to the in-kind contribution to the
FAIR project and in order to elaborate the assembling
procedures of these magnets, there have been created
the 3D models of all the components, subassemblies
and overall assemblies for the sextupole, horizontal
steerer and vertical steerer magnets, there have been
elaborated the procedures for the assembling of
these three magnets and there have been identified
and analyzed the errors specific for the harmonic coil
measurement method of the field inside the aperture
of the magnets.
INTRODUCTION
The FAIR - Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
it’s an international project which will set up in
Darmstadt, Germany, a system of particle accelerators
which will provide to scientists the possibility to
conduct cutting-edge research in the nuclear physic
field. The participation of our country to this project
started in 2010, when the FAIR GmbH was created,
Romania being a signatory part to the FAIR Convention
and Shareholder to FAIR GmbH. The major part of the
Romanian in-kind contribution to the FAIR project,
meaning almost 4 millions €, consists of equipments
which will be integrated in a FAIR sub-project, will be
provided by ICPE-CA.
To set up this very important contribution, ICPE-CA
initiated, since 2007, preparatory activities for the
participation in the FAIR project, activities which
leads to the integration of our institute in the HESR
consortium, created to develop the HESR - High Energy
Storage Ring, important part of the FAIR project.
A team of researchers have been created in ICPE-CA
to work together with the foreign specialists for the
preparation of the fulfilment of the HESR project
objectives. This team include specialists from various
fields, like CAD, electromagnetic design and simulation,
mechanical, electrical and magnetic measurements,
materials, machining, and technology. Until now there
were developed the prototypes of two magnets, one
sextupole magnet and one steerer magnet.
For a proper preparation of the fabrication of the
magnets that are subject of the in-kind contribution
to the FAIR project there have been created the 3D
models of the sextupole, horizontal steerer and vertical
steerer, models that will be used to elaborate the 2D
manufacturing documentation.
Dr. Eng. Ionel Chiriță, IDT II – project responsible
Eng. Cristinel Ilie, IDT I
Dr. Eng. Eros Pătroi, CS II
Eng. Daniel Dan, ACS
The necessity of designing and modelling a new solution
for the steerer magnet, which has to be compliant to
the available manufacturing technology, has to ensure
the adjustment of the coils to the new position of
the connecting systems and has to comply with the
imposed parameters, have required to redesign the
steerer mechanical structure and the coils terminals,
in order to adjust them to the new site of the electrical
and hydraulic connecting systems.
The 3D models of the vertical steerer magnet are
shown in figure 1 and the 3D models of the horizontal
steerer magnet are shown in figure 2.
Fig. 1. Vertical steerer coils
Fig. 2. Horizontal steerer coils
National projects
Then it was preceded to the creation of the sextupole
magnet 3D model. For this purpose there have been
created the 3D models of all the components of the
magnet, which have been virtual assembled, in order
to create the sub-assemblies and the final assembly,
shown in the figure 3.
Fig. 3. Sextupole magnet
In a similar way, there have been created the 3D
models for the horizontal steerer magnet and for the
vertical steerer magnet. Their 3D models are shown in
figure 4 and figure 5.
Fig. 4. Horizontal steerer magnet
Fig. 5. Vertical steerer magnet
On the basis of the manufacturing documentation
for the sextupole magnet and in conformity with the
magnet specifications there have been elaborated
the procedures for the assembling of the sextupole,
horizontal steerer and vertical steerer magnets [2].
To prepare the testing activity which will be carried
on in order to check the compliance of the magnets
with the specifications, there have been made an
analysis of the effect of the errors of the harmonic coil
measurement method in the process of determination
of the magnetic field inside the aperture of the magnets,
method which have been developed previously.
The errors specific to the harmonic coil measurement
method are errors due to the harmonic coil manufacturing
process, errors due to the positioning and displacement
of the coils inside the magnets aperture and errors due
to the measurement environment and equipment [3].
It is established that these errors are not systematic
and can be eliminated only partial thru repeated
calibrations.
CONCLUSIONS
The main conclusions of the performed activities
are:
-
the solution adopted for the steerer magnet
coils comply with the request for having access to the
connexion between the coils parts, avoiding difficulties
that arise if cooling water leaks occurs in the connexion
region;
-
the 3D models created for the steerer magnet
coils allowed to check the solution for the assembly,
from the point of view of coils adjustment to the
electric and hydraulic connexion systems;
-
the solutions adopted for the parts, subassemblies and overall assemblies of the sextupole,
horizontal steerer and vertical steerer magnets comply
thoroughly the requests imposed for the dimensions,
tolerances, materials, aspect etc.;
-
the 3D models creation followed with
high accuracy the technology for manufacturing
and assembling, so it can be use to elaborate the
manufacturing and assembling procedures;
-
the created models include detailed information
regarding the materials used for magnet’s components
manufacturing, so it allows to get very fast and easy
useful information for the manufacturing process
preparation: weight of the parts, moments of inertia,
centre of mass, volumes, aspect, colours for painting
and others;
-
the assembling procedures elaborated include
all the information necessary for a proper mounting of
the magnets;
-
for the sextupole magnet, the field from his
aperture can be calculated with a tolerable accuracy
taking into account only the third harmonic, the most
important one;
-
for the horizontal steerer magnet, the field
from his aperture can be calculated with a tolerable
accuracy taking into account only the first harmonic,
the most important one;
National projects
-
for the vertical steerer magnet, the field from
his aperture can be calculated with a tolerable accuracy
taking into account only the first harmonic, the most
important one;
-
the values of the field, calculated with the
analytical method, have a relative sensitivity less than
one in respect to the boundary conditions.
REFERENCES
[1].
Kappel, W., Chiriță, I., Erdei, R., Stancu, N.,
Pătroi, E., Dan, D., Stean, P., Research report The
research, design, manufacturing and testing of a
steerer magnet prototype. Modelling and manufacturing
of a superconducting quadrupole magnet, Project no.
5102/2009, INCDIE ICPE-CA, Bucharest, 2011.
[2]
Erdei, R., Chiriță, I., Dan, D., Popa, M.,
Tănase, N., Pătroi, E., Research report Elaboration of
the procedures for the measurement of multipoles field
to tests the magnets for particle accelerators, INCDIE
ICPE-CA, Bucharest, 2012.
[3] Russenschuck, S., Field computation for accelerator
magnets, Wiley, 2010.
[4] Animesh Jain, Harmonic Coils - CERN Academic
Training Program, Brookhaven National Laboratory,
Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA. April 7-11,
2003.
contract no. PN 09‑35 0102 / 5102.
Micro Electro-Mechanical Components and Systems (MEMS)
developed by specific technologies with applications in medicine,
micro fluidics and micro electrical machines and micro – actuators
execution
ABSTRACT
Under the project continued research falling under
the general theme of the project conducted in six phases
during 2013. It were investigated: nanocomposite
polymer for resistive sensors, micro inertial reaction
wheels with power supply, electrohydrodynamics
propulsion system, test model type EHD-PP, test model
type EHD-IC, microsystem for medical assessment
of upper limb test model kit NI, test model kit type
S, microelectrodynamic conversion equipment for
vibration assessment and analysis, prototype MCMEM
- 00, transformer based on planar technology, TEP-00
test model.
INTRODUCTION
Were continued research and have made
contributions to be entered in the general theme of
the project: development of microelectromechanical
systems MEMS components and technologies with
specific applications in medicine, microfluidic and
electrical engineering. Multidisciplinary collective,
based on detailed knowledge worldwide, through
careful design, simulation and testing made a series of
actuators, micro and complex microdevices.
Eng. Marius Popa – project responsible
Dr. Eng. Mircea Ignat
Dr. Eng. Dragoș Ovezea
Eng. Laurențiu Cătănescu
Eng. Phys. Iulian Iordache
Eng. Iuliu Popovici
Eng. Dumitru Strâmbeanu
Eng. Dan Lipcinski
Eng. Cristinel Ilie
Regarding
polymer
composites
were
made
electroconductive materials with properties that allow
using resistive sensors. We studied the variation of
the electrical resistance of nanocomposite materials
depending on the pressure applied. Measurements
have revealed that KTJ-6 type materials shows a high
sensitivity, respectively a high variation of the electrical
resistance at pressure applied (the relaxed state
resistance of sample to approx. 107Ω, the compressive
strength decreases to approx. 0.4 seconds, up to 2300
Ω). Test models of touch buttons have been made from
nanocomposite materials KTJ-6 (Fig. 1).
National projects
Fig. 4. System with ring electrodes and electrode mesh
(EHD-IC)
Fig. 1. Flexible film nanocomposite KTJ-6 with
electric contact
Regarding microwheels inertial systems for satellite
guidance were performed three experimental models of
micro inertial wheels: two experimental models of type
MCS1 (Fig. 2) and a model of type MCS2. (Fig. 3).
Regarding microsystem for medical assessment of upper
limb was developed a model for evaluation of digital
forceps.
We have designed and built a stand for checking the
experimental model consisting of a force system
production and digital dynamometer mounted properly,
and data acquisition on the amount of force used (fig.
5).
Fig. 2. Experimental models of type MCS1. A1 press fitted flange; A2 - with flanges screwed on the
peripheral
Fig. 5. Experimental stand and model of microsystem
for medical evaluation
Fig. 3. Motor type MCS2
We made a power supply for the inertial microwheel
and performed functional tests for the three test models
Regarding electrohydrodynamics propulsion were
performed: a test model of plane parallel electrodes
electrohydrodynamic propulsion system (EHD-PP), a test
model of cylinders coaxial electrohydrodynamic propulsion
(EHD-CC) and a test model of ring electrode and the corona
electrode propulsion (EHD-IC) (Fig. 4). We have built a
power supply for the test model electrohydrodynamics
propulsion system and functional tests were made in
the range: 10-100N force, speed 0.5-2mm / s, frequency
2-50Hz.
We made two microsystems kits for medical
assessment of the upper limb, respectively preload
assessment fingers. We developed the technical protocol
of verification / characterization of microsystems.
Microsystems kits were calibrated and tested both in the
laboratory and patient.
Regarding
microelectrodynamic
conversion
equipment for vibration assessment and analysis we
built a prototype and certified a microelectromechanical
conversion equipment for assessment and analysis of
vibration, consisting of a sensor / microelectromechanical
conversion device and a embedded unifying signal. The
sensor consists of a sensing element made up of two
ring-shaped piezoelectric tablets with an outer diameter
of 10 mm, an inner diameter of 4.3 mm and a thickness
of 1 mm, with silver over two parallel plane faces, an
alloy seismic mass tungsten-based hard cylindrical shape
National projects
with an outer diameter of 12 mm, an inner diameter of
3.2 mm and a height of 10 mm, and the body cover,
the central rod and nuts made of stainless steel with
dimensions according to the design MCMEM - 00.
Embedded unifier signal includes load amplifier,
conditioning amplifier, precision recovery double
alternating and smoothing. Functionally, developed
prototype of accelerator sensor is features of Table I,
checked after the experiments performed.
Table I: Characteristics of micro electromechanical
conversion equipment for assessment and analysis of
vibration
Sensitivity
Waveband
Resonance
frequency
Material
sensitive
element
Housing
material
Voltage
Overall
maximum
dimensions
Total weight
Operating
Temperature
mV/(m/s²)
Hz
kHz
min.1 +/-5%
30-8000 +/-10%
>9000
-
Ceramic, piezoelectric PZT-Nb
Austenitic
stainless steel
+/-15
25x16 sensor,
102x35x30
unifying
239 +/-1
0 - 55
Vcc
mm
g
°C
Fig. 6. Prototype acceleration transducer
Regarding the transformer based on planar
technology has been designed, mathematical sized
and developed a transformer, small, in planar execution
for use in switched mode power supplies operating at
frequencies above 100kHz.
We made primary and secondary inductances
in planar technology respectively by etching LIGA
technique of winding a double-plated copper support.
In the fig. 7 presents experimental model of switching
transformer achieved by insertion of multiple windings.
Fig. 7. Planar transformer
CONCLUSIONS
It was made 18 samples polymer composite material
to achieve resistive sensors. Measurements were made
functional characterization.
It was designed and dimensioned ME system with
inertial microwheels reaction for guidance satellites.
We have experimented with static switching solutions
micromotor for identifying functional parameters.
We designed and dimensioned an experimental
model of EHD propulsion type.
We designed and manufactured ME microsystem
for medical assessment of upper limb, and two
experimental stands for the verification of operation.
We have manufactured and certified prototype of
a micro electromechanical conversion equipment for
assessment and analysis of vibration, consisting of a
sensor / micro electromechanical conversion device
and a unifying embedded signal.
It was developed a bench for measuring the
deformation of the polymer according to the applied
electric signal. 4 composite samples were characterized
based polyimide with nanotubes addition of TiO2 and
carbon.
We made three test models that electrohydrodynamics
propulsion differs by the geometry of the electrodes:
plane parallel electrodes (EHD-PP), coaxial cylindrical
electrodes (EHD-CC) and ring electrodes plus mesh
electrode (corona) (EHD-IC).
We made three experimental models of inertial
microwheel.
We have designed and built a ME power supply
National projects
specialized for the inertial microwheel.
Experimental models have been carried out flexible
element tensoresistive keyboard.
It was designed, modelled mathematically and
implemented a small transformer, planar, for use in
switched mode power supplies operating at frequencies
above 100kHz.
We made two kits microsystems for medical assessment
of the upper limb, respectively preload assessment
fingers. It was developed technical protocol of
verification / characterization of microsystems made.
The results were disseminated in prestigious
publications.
The research was financed by NUCLEUS Programme,
contract no. PN09350101 / 2009.
Micromechanical components and systems (MEMS) achieved by
specific technologies with applications in medicine, microfluids,
micromotors and microactuators
Power supply system for EHD motor
ABSTRACT
In the first stage of the project was grounded
mathematical apparatus for the EHD parameters
computation and was specified a 2D algorithm to
dimension an inductive EHD pump. In the II stage was
achieved an experimental model of the EHD motor
(F=10-100N, v=0,5-2mm/s, f=2-50Hz, U=5002000Vac). In the III stage was built and tested a power
supply system for the EHD motor.
INTRODUCTION
An electrohydrodynamic (EHD) propulsion system
is based on the application of three-phase voltages
to the monolayer-electrodes; the created travelling
electric field wave carries the charge liquid in the same
direction.
Governing equation of EHD is:
divE =
r
e
divv=0 rm
(7)
E
(3)
- the electric field strength, r - the free
charge density, e - the permittivity,
potential,
¶r
= -divJ
¶t
(6)
1
1
de
fe = rE - grad e + grad[rm (
) E2]
2
2
d rm q
(1)
(2)
dv
=-gradp+mgrad(divv+fe ) (5)
dt
J = rKE - Dr gradr + r v
where:
E = -grad f
(4)
J
- the current density,
- the media velocity, rm - the mass
φ - the electric
t - the time, v
density, p - the
National projects
pressure, m - the viscosity,
fe
- the electric force,
K
-
the ion mobility coefficient, Dr - the molecular diffusion
coefficient, q - the temperature.
In [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] is an analytical study of the system
of equations (1) ÷ (7) with the following results: for
every fluid, i.e. pair (e, s ) there is an optimal frequency
w for which is achieved the maxim force density (or
flow) fe ; besides that it’s proved that the average force
in the fluid is directly to wave –vector, to gradient of
Fig. 2. Physical model for the system with
circular electrodes and corona electrodes
•
There has been an experimental motor test
stand EHD moving in a liquid medium (water)
(see fig. 3).
conductivity s(s = 1 / r) and approximately square
of applied voltage.
The projects objectives:
• Improving the efficiency of EHD propulsion
systems through the design and fabrication of
a novel EHD motor-engineering model.
• Engineering-model implementation.
Optimizing parameters of EHD motor-engineering model
involved electrode-dimensions, fabrication materials,
applied voltages, additional heaters and gradient
temperature controller. The impact of these values on
improving EHD motor performance was validated in
both simulation and experimental measurements.
Eng. Cătănescu Alexandru – Laurenţiu, CS – project
manager
PhD. Eng. Ignat Mircea, CSI, member
Eng. Lipcinski Daniel, IDT II, member
Techn. Dragomir Ion, member
Techn. Ifrim Mircea, member
Techn. Tinca Ion, member
Techn. Gîrjoabă Luminiţa, member
EXPERIMENTAL
• For three phase system to power the electrodes
to the desired frequency and voltage used a
three-phase pulse generator powered by c.c.
generator and a pulse generator (see fig. 1,
respectively fig. 2).
Fig. 3. Stand for experimental study of an
experimental model of propulsion
• 2D transient numerical model for EHD system
simulation;
Objective: Optimizing parameters of EHD motorengineering model;
• Build experimental set up used for actuating flows
using EHD systems;
Objective: Experimental condition for testing of EHD
system.
• Fabrication and tests of EHD motor-engineering
model.
Objective: Validation for EHD motor-engineering model
in both simulation and experimental measurements.
• Dissemination of the results obtained.
Objective: Phase reports, final report, workshop.
Fig. 1. The supply system of propulsion systems
of EHD
National projects
REFERENCES
[1] Salem A. S. Al Dini, “Electrohydrodynamic Induction
and Conduction Pumping of Dielectric Liquid Film:
Theoretical and Numerical Studies”, A Dissertation,
Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas
A&M University in partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY, December
2005.
[2] G. C. Moisil, “Fizica pentru ingineri”, Editura
Tehnică, Bucureşti, 1967.
[3] L. D. Landau, “Electrodinamica mediilor continue”,
Editura Tehnică, Bucureşti, 1968.
[4] G. Niac, “Chimie fizică”, Editura Tehnică, Bucureşti,
1970.
[5] Chen Xiaopeng, Cheng Jiusheng, Yin Xiezhen,
“Advances and applications of electrohydrodynamics”,
Chinese Science Bulletin, 2003, Vol. 48, No. 11, pp.
1055-1063.
The research was funded by the Nucleus Programme,
contract no. PN-35-01/09-01/2009 (5101/2009).
A new low voltage contactor with vacuum commutation, of compact type
ABSTRACT
The overall objective of the project is to design and
produce a series of low-voltage contactors with vacuum
commutation with rated current of 200A, 315A,
400A and 630A, with small size which can be fitted
in place of the classical electromagnetic contactors
(with commutation in air) of 200A. The achievement
of the general objective is possible through synergistic
collaboration between four (4) partners (ICPE SA,
INOE 2000, INCDIE ICPE‑CA, MEDAPTECH SRL)
with experience in the field, under the coordination of
UPB‑CCSA (CO).
The role of INCDIE ICPE‑CA is to conduct research
in the field of the obtaining of vacuum contact parts
with superior functional characteristics, coupled with
the miniaturization of the commutation devices, in
compliance with the environmental protection.
INTRODUCTION
In general, the requirements for the contact parts of
the commutation devices used in vacuum (switches,
contactors), such as erosion resistance, low tendency
to welding, high electrical and thermal conductivity
and high hardness, are dependent on the method of
manufacture (infiltration, sintering) and can only be
achieved if the contact material has a fine-grained and
homogeneous microstructure [1-4].
In the research work from Stage I/2012, experimental
models of vacuum contact parts were realized by
infiltration method, based on W-Cu composite materials,
with and without addition of Ni or Ag, having relative
density: 95.25 ... 96.83%, porosity: 3.17 ... 4.75%,
electrical resistivity: 3.12 ... 6.15 µΩ·cm, Vickers
microhardness HV0,3/15: 212.7 ... 260.9 and average
values of chopped currents: 2.84 ... 3.66 A [5].
Unlike the process of sintering, by using the infiltration
process is difficult to obtain fixed compositions,
these varying within certain limits, which leads to the
obtaining of different characteristics.
A modern method for manufacture of the vacuum
contact pieces with superior functional performance is
spark plasma sintering technique (SPS), which allows
the obtaining of any composition, densities closer to
the theoretical density and microstructures that retain
the original properties of the components [6 -10].
The researches purpose in the Stage II/2013,
consisted of making a mould and vacuum contact parts
from W-Cu-(Ni) and W/WC-Ag systems by using this
mould, with SPS technique, and the characterization
of the obtained contact parts, in terms of physical
properties, structural, electrical, mechanical and
functional.
National projects
Research staff of the project:
Dr. Eng. Violeta Tsakiris, CSII - project responsible
Dr. Eng. Elena Enescu, CS I - key person
Dr. Eng. Magdalena Lungu, CS II - key person
Dr. Eng. Mariana Lucaci, CS I
PhDs. Eng. Dorinel Tălpeanu, CS
Dr. Eng. Ioana Ion, CS III
Dr. Eng. Eugen Manta, CS
Dr. PhD. Eng. Diana Cîrstea, CS
Eng. Nicolae Stancu, IDT I
Asst.Eng. Carmen Hajdu
Dr. Phys. Gabriela Sbârcea, CS
PhDs. Eng. Phys. Virgil Marinescu, CS
EXPERIMENTAL
For reaching these proposed objectives in 2013, the
following experiments were performed:
• It was conceived, designed and developed a
functional model (MF) of a mould to obtain the vacuum
contact parts of 20 mm in diameter and 4 ... 5 mm in
height, by SPS technique;
• There were performed 18 MF of vacuum contact
parts by SPS technique, from W-Cu-(Ni) and W/WC-Ag
systems;
• There were characterized the MF vacuum
contact parts in terms of physical properties (density,
residual porosity, degree of compactness, Vickers
microhardness), electrical (conductivity and electrical
resistivity), microstructural, mechanical (modulus of
elasticity) and functional (chopped current).
REZULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
•
It was conceived, designed and manufactured
a special graphite mould from IBIDEN material of T-10
class (Fig. 1), specific for hot pressing applications, in
order to obtain contact parts of 20 mm in diameter and
4 ... 5 mm in height, at the SPS installation of HP SPS
D 25 type (FCT System GmbH, Germany).
Fig. 1. Graphite mould parts
4 MF contact parts from W-Cu-Ni system, with
the compositions: 12% Cu, 3% Ni and W rest; 14%
Cu, 1% Ni and W rest, elaborated from mixtures of
elemental powders made by mechanical alloying (MA)
10 hours, in a planetary ball mill at 300 rpm and ratio
ball/powder: 10:1 and sintered at 1100°C and 1200oC,
with a plateau of 5 minutes;
6 MF contact parts from W-Cu system, with the
compositions 30% Cu and W rest, 40% Cu and W
rest, elaborated by simple homogenization (OM) in
a homogenizer of Turbula type, 10 h and sintered at
950 ºC, 1000oC and 1050oC, with a holding time of
5 minutes.
5 MF contact parts from W-Ag system, with the
compositions: 30% Ag and rest W; 40% Ag and rest
W, elaborated by OM in a homogenizer of Turbula type,
10 h, and sintered at 900°C, 930oC and 940oC, with
a plateau of 5 minutes;
3 MF contact pieces from WC-Ag system (Fig. 2),
with the compositions: 30% Ag and rest WC; 40% Ag
and rest WC, elaborated by OM in a homogenizer of
Turbula type, 10 h and sintered at 930oC and 940oC,
with a holding time of 5 minutes.
Fig. 2. MF of WC-Ag
•
There were characterized MF from the
systems of W-Cu-Ni, W-Cu, W-Ag, WC- Ag, in regard
to the microstructure characteristics. Generally,
depending on the chemical composition and SPS
processing parameters, there were found homogeneous
microstructures without structural failure, with a certain
degree of dispersion of the particles of W/WC in the
matrix and a certain degree of porosity. For instance,
from the structural characterization of MF from WCAg, the most homogeneous microstructure with a fine
distribution of WC particles (≤ 2μm) and low porosity
were obtained for the WC-30%Ag and WC 40% Ag
(Fig. 3), sintered at 940oC/5 min, and 930oC/5min
respectively.
•
There were characterized the elemental
powders and the contact materials elaborated from
homogeneous mixtures of W-Cu-(Ni) and W/WCAg powders composites, in terms of morphological
characteristics, chemical composition and particles
size;
•
There were performed the following MF
vacuum contact parts, with diameter of 20 mm and
height of 4...5 mm by SPS technique:
National projects
Fig. 3. MO image of the WC-40%Ag contact
piece (MF4.3 specimen code), sintered by SPS at
930oC/5 min (b), x 150, state: un-attacked
•
There were analyzed the physical, mechanical,
electrical and functional characteristics of the obtained
MF, ascertaining the following:
- for the W-Cu-Ni (85-14-1 and 85-12-3) contact
parts, the highest degree of compactness (97.97%)
and thus, the lowest porosity (2.03%) and also, the
higher Vickers hardness (446.24 HV) and Young’s
modulus (GPa 214.50) values were obtained for the
W-Cu-Ni (85-12-3) parts sintered at 1200oC, that
showed homogeneous microstructures and a high
degree of grain finishing; low electrical resistivity
values (8-11μΩxcm) could be due to the existence of
intermetallic compounds formed during MA; both
Cu-Ni-W contact materials, processed by the SPS at
1100°C and 1200°C, exhibited very good results at
functional testing, yielding to a mean value of the
chopped current of 2.29 A; with Cu content decreasing
and Ni content increasing, the mean chopped current
increased from 0.99-1.73 A to 1.77-2.29 A; the lowest
value (0.99 A) resulted for the W-Cu-Ni part with the
finest granulation;
- for the W-Cu (70-30 and 60-40) contact parts,
at the highest sintering temperature (1050oC), it
was obtained the greatest degree of compactness
(96.41% and 97.05% respectively) for both studied
compositions, due to increase of Cu diffusion into
matrix near the melting point (1083oC); increasing of Cu
content from 30% to 40% resulted in the increase of
the electrical conductivity and therefore, in decreasing
of the electrical resistivity, the lowest values being
recorded for the MF with maximum compactness; the
lowest values of the chopped current were obtained
for the MF from W-Cu sintered by SPS at an average
temperature (1000oC) with a maintaining time of 5
min., having the most homogeneous structures; for
these MF, it was also obtained the highest values of
the Vickers hardness and Young’s modulus because of
the uniform and fine distribution of the W particles
into matrix. From the W-Cu system, the best results in
terms of physical, mechanical, electrical and functional
characteristics, has been achieved for the MF from
W-Cu (70-30), vacuum sintered by SPS at 1000oC,
with a maintaining time of 5 minutes.
- for the W-Ag (70-30 and 60-40) contact parts, the
best densification (91.67% and 96.11% respectively)
was obtained for the MF with homogeneous structures,
sintered at the highest temperature (930°C-940°C),
in the vicinity of the melting point of Ag (960oC);
increasing of Ag content from 30 to 40% led to increase
of electrical resistivity values from 3.92 µΩxcm to
2.70 µΩxcm; the highest values of Vickers hardness
(136.25 HV) and of the elasticity module (141.32 GPa)
were obtained for the MF with the highest Ag content
(40%), which had homogeneous structures and a high
degree of compactness.
- among WC-Ag (70-30, 60-40) contact parts, the
WC-40%Ag parts sintered by SPS at 930oC/5min
showed the greatest degree of compactness (95.23%)
and therefore, the lowest porosity (4.77%), the highest
values of Vickers hardness (223.10 HV), the highest
values of Young’s modulus (185.06 GPa) and the
lowest values of electrical resistivity (4.65 µΩxcm); at
the functional testing of WC‑Ag (60-40) pair, after 31
measurements performed at a injected current of 25 A,
there were obtained the lowest values for minimum and
maximum chopped currents and standard deviation:
Imedium = 0.59 A; Imax = 1.03 A, standard deviation:
0.19.
• The results obtained during the research work of
the project were disseminated through:
- Elaboration and presentation of two papers at the
3rd International Conference on Advances in Applied
Physics & Materials Science Congress, APMAS 2013,
April 23-28, 2013, in Turkey-Antalya, which was
subsequently accepted for publication in the ISI journal
- Acta Physica Polonica A, ISSN1898-794X
1) V. Tsakiris, M. Lungu, E. Enescu, D. Pavelescu,
Gh. Dumitrescu, A. Radulian, Nanostructured W-Cu
electrical contact materials processed by hot isostatic
pressing (ID 341);
2) M. Lungu, V. Tsakiris, E. Enescu, D. Pavelescu,
Gh. Dumitrescu, A. Radulian, Development of W-Cu-Ni
electrical contact materials with enhanced mechanical
properties by spark plasma sintering process (ID 327).
- publication of an ISI article in the Journal of
Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials, Vol 15,
No. 9-10, 2013, p. 1090-1094, Authors: V. Tsakiris,
M. Lungu, E. Enescu, D. Pavelescu, G. Dumitrescu,
A. Radulian, V. Braic, W-Cu composite materials for
electrical contacts used in vacuum contactors.
CONCLUSIONS
Among all systems studied so far, the most efficient
MF are the vacuum contact parts from WC-Ag (60-40),
with the very fine and homogeneous microstructures
obtained by simple homogenization of mixtures formed
by elemental WC and Ag powders, vacuum sintering in
plasma, at a temperature of 930oC and holding time
of 5 minutes.
REFERENCES
[1]. Slade, G., Electric Contacts for Power Interruption,
A Review. 20th ICEC, 2000, p. 239 – 245.
[2]. Ludwar, W.F. Rieder, Proc. 13-th Int. Conf. on
Electric Contacts, Lausanne, 1986, p.156.
[3]. Kim J C and Moon I H., Sintering of Nanostructured
W-Cu Alloys Prepared by Mechanical Alloying, J.
NanoStructured Materials, 2002, 335(1-2):283-290.
[4]. Z. Qiaoxin, S. Xiaoliang, Y. Hua, D. Xinglong,
Microstructure and Properties of W-15Cu Alloys
Prepared by Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma
National projects
Sintering Process, Journal of Wuhan University of
Technology-Mater, Jun 2008, p 401.
[5]. V. Tsakiris, A new low voltage contactor with
vacuum commutation, of compact type (Project no.
34/2012), Phase Report 1/2012: Elaboration of new
solution and realization of experimental model.
[6]. Z.A. Munir, U. Anselmi-Tamburini, The effect
of electric field and pressure on the synthesis and
consolidation of materials: A review of the spark
plasma sintering method, Journal of Materials Science,
Vol. 41 (2006), pp. 763–777.
[7]. R. Orru, R. Licheri, A. M. Locci, A. Cincotti, G.
Cao, Consolidation/synthesis of materials by electric
current activated/assisted sintering, Mat. Sci. Eng. R,
Vol. 63 (2009), pp. 127–287.
[8]. M. Mulukutla, A. Singh, S.P. Harimkar, Spark
Plasma Sintering for Multi-scale Surface Engineering
of Materials, JOM, 62, 6 (2010), pp. 65–71.
[9]. J.J. Raharijaona, J.M. Missiaen, and D. Bouvard,
A Phenomenological Analysis of Sintering Mechanisms
of W‑Cu from the Effect of Copper Content on
Densification Kinetics, Metallurgical And Materials
Transactions A, Volume 42A, August 2011, p. 24112419.
[10]. Wenge Chen, Zhanying Kang, and Bingjun
DING, Preparation and Arc Breakdown Behaviour of
Nanocrystalline W-Cu Electrical Contact Materials,
Journal of Materials Science and Technology, 21, No.
6, 2005, p. 875-878
The research was financed by the National
Programme of Research, Development and Innovation
- PNCDI II, contract no. 34 (7090)/2012, Acronym:
NeWaLC
ESD garments realized from fibres with conductive cores bilayer knitted
ABSTRACT
In the frame of the research project, were performed
measurements for time attenuation of electrical charge
on the textiles samples using a testing stand projected
and realized in MNE Department in accord with standard
profile SR EN 1149-3: 2004, part 3. The measured and
calculated parameters were: electric capacity, voltage,
electric charge and protection coefficient.
INTRODUCTION
Conductive textiles materials and the textiles based
composites were used as antistatic garments with
applications in electronic industry, in medium with
potential explosive and defence, because in particular
of their electrostatic properties. [1]. Many synthetic
fibers used in manufacturing of textiles were the
insulation materials with resistivities in order 1015Ω.cm;
this value is much too large for this textiles to be used
like antistatic materials, such as, for this application the
textiles must have the resistivities values in the range of
109‑1013Ω.cm [1, 2]. For conductive fabrics realization,
on proceed to the special treatment of fibers, for
example, the textiles fibers coating or filling the textile
fibers with metal salts [1]. The aim of research stage
consists in conducting trials of discharge of electric
charge on the conductive fabrics, the analysis and
interpretation of experimental obtained data. Research staff of the project
Eng. Telipan Gabriela, IDT I – project responsible
PhD Eng. Ignat Mircea, CP I, member
PhD Eng. Puflea Ioan, CP II, member
PhD Eng. Hristea Gabriela, CP I, member
PhD Eng. Ovezea Dragoş, ACS, member
Eng. Cătănescu Laurentiu, CS, member
Ec. Hender Clara, member
Techn. Tinca Ion, member
Techn. Gîrjoabă Luminiţa, member
EXPERIMENTAL
The measurements for charging- discharging of
electrical charges on the conductive fabrics samples
were effected in accord with standard SR EN 11494:2004, Protective clothing. Electrostatic properties 2.
Part 3 [3]. Testing method for capacitive dissipation
measuring of charge; method by induction.
It was projected and realized a testing stand for
discharging measurements of electrical charges in
accord with description from standard SR EN 11494:2004, in accordance with the scheme presented in
Fig.1.
National projects
Emax=1196KV/cm
Fig. 1. Scheme stand for discharging testing of
electrical charge
Fig. 2 presents the image stand for measurements
making of electrostatic charging-discharging for the
conductive fabrics samples.
1
Measuring with textile material
The sample is fixed between the field electrode and the
measuring electrode with the clamping ring (loom).
Electric capacity C is measured between textile material
and the measuring electrode;
A rectangular pulse of voltage was applied of the
electrostatic machine whose amplitude U is measured
with electrostatic voltmeter.
Electrical charge Q is calculated:
Q = CU 3
(2)
The corresponding value of electrical field ER is
calculated:
4
2
5
ER =
Fig. 2. Image of measure stand for testing at charging
discharging of electrical charge
1. electrostatic machine; 2. stand basis; 3. cantilever;
4. measuring electrode;, 5. exterior ring
Measuring without textile material
U0
is
measured with electrostatic voltmeter.
Electrical charge is calculated as
Q0 = C0U 0
The protection
formula:
coefficient
was
calculated
Results interpretation for the electrostatic charging
- discharging of electric charge and the protection
coefficient calculation has been carried out in accord
with standard specifications SR EN 1149-3:2004.
At the materials which is not shielding effect,
At the materials with shielding effect,
If
where: A is the field electrode area (field electrode
diameter is Ø70 mm).
Measured sizes:
C=59 pF
U=69 KV
Calculated sizes:
E R < E max .
E R < E max / 2 , it is considered that t50 <0,01 s..
If the value
t50 >30 s
Q
= 0
ε 0 A (1)
with
(4)
E R = E max .
The corresponding value of electr ic field Emax was
calculated with formula:
Emax
(3)
S = 1 − E R / E max It was measured the electrical capacity C0 between
the field electrode and measuring electrode with bridge
ESCORT ELC-132A.
Has been applied a rectangular pulse of voltage from
the electrostatic machine whose amplitude
Q
εA
E max / 2
is achieved in 30s it is considered Fig. 3 presents the graphs of electric field attenuation
in time for conductive fabrics samples 1-9.
Q = CU =4071.10-9C
National projects
Fig. 3. Attenuation in time of electric field for
conductive fabrics samples 1-9
Conductive fabrics samples 3,9,8 present the best
attenuation of electric field with a discharge time of
50 ms, followed by the samples 4,5,6 with a discharge
time of electric charge by 100 ms, the samples 1,7
with discharge time of electric charge by 150 ms.
Sample 2 presents ER=E0. The protective coefficient
S=0.78-0.9.
Fig. 4 presents the graphs of electric field attenuation
in time for the conductive fabrics samples 10-21.
Fig. 5. Electric field attenuation in time for conductive
fabrics samples vanished with thread stainless
steel, vanished with copper thread, 80% PED 20%
stainless steel, tubular with copper thread and tubular
with stainless steel thread
From graphs presented in Fig. 5 ensue: the sample
of conductive fabric tubular with copper thread,
presents the best attenuation in time of electric field,
having a short discharge time of electrical charge
by 150 ms, followed by the samples vanished with
stainless steel thread, vanished with copper thread,
tubular with stainless steel thread with an interval of
the discharge time of electrical charge by 200-300 ms.
A peculiar situation presents the fabric sample 80%
PED 20% stainless steel where ER=E0. The protection
coefficient for samples vanished with stainless steel
thread, vanished with copper thread, tubular with
copper thread and tubular with stainless steel thread
is S=0.78-0.84 and for 80% PED 20% stainless steel
sample S=0.5.
For the conductive fabrics samples 1d,2d,3d,4d,5d,
12d,14d,15d,17d,18d, the graphs attenuation in time
of electric field are presented in Fig. 6.
Fig. 4. Attenuation in time of electric field for
conductive fabrics samples 10-21
Conductive fabrics samples 17 and 14 present the
best attenuation of electric field with discharge time
of electrical charge of 60 and 80 ms, followed by the
samples 10,11, 15 and 16 with discharge times of
electrical charge by 100 ms, sample 21 with discharge
time of electrical charge by 200 ms, samples 13 and
19 with discharge times of electrical charge by 250
ms, sample 18 with discharge time of electrical charge
by 550 ms and samples 12 and 20 with the smallest
attenuation having the discharge time of electrical
charge by 700 ms. S=0.7-0.86.
Fig. 5 presents the graphs attenuation in time of
electric field conductive fabrics samples vanished with
thread stainless steel, vanished with copper thread,
80% PED 20% stainless steel, tubular with copper
thread and tubular with stainless steel thread.
Fig. 6. Electric field attenuation in time for the
conductive fabrics samples 1d,2d,3d,4d,5d,12d,14d,
15d,17d,18d
From this set of samples of conductive fabrics, the best
attenuation in time of electric field shows the samples
2d, 4d, 17d with discharge times of electrical charge
by 100 ms, followed by the samples 1d, 3d, 5d, 15d
with discharge time of electrical charge of 150 ms and
the samples 12d, 14d and 18d with discharge time of
electrical charge of 200 ms. The protection coefficient
is S=0.82-0.9.
National projects
CONCLUSIONS
The testing method for electrical charge discharge
measurements for the conductive fabrics samples were
effected in accord with standard SR EN 1149-4:2004,
Protective clothing. Electrostatic properties 2. Part 3.
Testing method for capacitive dissipation measuring of
charge; method by induction.
For the conductive fabrics samples 1-9 were obtained
the following results: the samples 3,9,8 present
the best attenuation in time of electric field with a
discharge time by 50 ms, followed by the samples
4,5,6 with a discharge time of electrical charge by
100 ms and the samples 1,7 with discharge time of
electrical charge by 150 ms. The sample 2 presents
ER=E0 and protection coefficient is S=0.78-0.9.
For the conductive fabrics samples 10-21 were
obtained the following results: the samples 17 and
14 present the best attenuation of electric field with
discharge times of electrical charge by 60 and 80 ms,
followed by samples 10,11,15 and 16 with discharge
time of electrical charge by 100 ms, sample 21 with
discharge time of electrical charge by 200 ms, samples
13 and 19 with discharge time of electrical charge by
250 ms, sample 18 with discharge time of electrical
charge by 550 ms and samples 12 and 20 with
smallest attenuation in time of electrical charge of 700
ms, S=0.7-0.86.
For the fabrics samples vanished with thread
stainless steel, vanished with copper thread, 80%
PED 20% stainless steel, tubular with copper thread
and tubular with stainless steel thread were obtained
the results: the conductive fabric sample tubular with
copper thread, presents the best attenuation in time
of electric field with a discharge time of electrical
charge by 150 ms, followed by samples vanished with
stainless steel thread, vanished with copper thread,
tubular with stainless steel thread, with a range of
electrical charge discharge in time by 200-300 ms.
A peculiar situation presents the fabric sample 80%
PED 20% stainless steel where ER=E0. The protection
coefficient for this fabrics lies in the interval S=0.780.84, and for sample 80% PED 20% stainless steel
S=0.5.
For the conductive fabrics samples 1d,2d,3d,4d,5d
,12d,14d,15d,17d,18d, were obtained the results: the
best attenuation in time of electric field presents the
samples 2d, 4d, 17d with discharge time of electrical
charge by 100 ms, followed by samples 1d, 3d, 5d,
15d with discharge time of electrical charge by 150
ms and samples 12d, 14d and 18d with discharge
time of electrical charge of 200 ms. The protection
coefficient lies in the range S=0.82-0.9.
REFERENCES
[1]. Veronika Safarova, Jan Gregr, „Electrical
conductivity measurement of fibers and yarns”, 7th
International Conference - TEXSCI 2010, Liberec,
Czech Republic.
[2]. M. Paraianu, E. Ghicioi, S. Burian, F. Paun, A.
Jurca, L. Lupu, N. Vatafu, “Development of test
methods for assessment of the electrostatic protective
performance of personal protective equipment used in
industry in places with explosion hazards”, Buletinul
AGIR nr.3 2012, 765-768.
[3]. SR EN 1149-3:2004, Îmbrăcăminte de protectie.
Proprietăţi electrostatice . Partea 3. Metoda de încercare
pentru măsurarea capacităţii de disipare a sarcinii.
The research was financed by the National Programme of
Research, Development and Innovations II Partnerships
- PNCDI II, contract no. 179/2012 (7089/2012)
Flammable and toxic gas detector based on MOS sensor array on silicon carbide (SIC GAS)
ABSTRACT
There is a great need for flammable and toxic gas
micro-sensors for environmental control in many areas
of industry. Some applications require sensors that can
operate at high temperatures even in reactive chemical
environments.
In the frame of the project, MOS capacitive
sensor of (SiC) silicon carbide that can detect toxic
and flammable gases from the environment will be
researched and developed.
In phase 2 of the project has been researched
and made different experiments of nanometer oxide
layers, sensing element of the structure metal / oxide
/ SiC and different experiments multilayer structures
M / O for the experimental model M / O /SiC. INTRODUCTION
Working at high temperatures in industrial installations
and eliminating some gases with temperatures above
2000C, lead to increasing researches in the last
decade for gas sensors with the possibility of leakage
detection at temperatures above 2000C. The MOS
capacitive sensors on SiC appeared in literature in
1993 [1]. This type of the sensors showed a high
National projects
sensitivity on hydrogen and hydrocarbons detection up
to temperatures of 10000C [2]. Baranzahi has studied
the sensitivity to hydrogen of Pt/TaSix/SiO2/6H-SiC
capacitors at temperatures higher than 6500C, while
Tobias has investigated the same domain with Pt/TaSix/
SiO2/4H-SiC structure [3,4]. On the other hand, Ghosh
analyzed Pt/SiO2/SiC capacitors at the temperature
of 5270C in environments with oxygen or hydrogen
[5]. Saman has studied MOS capacitors on Pt/AlN/
SiC. The results showed that the highest sensitivity of
these devices was obtained for hydrogen [6].
CI Harris has detected CxHy gases using MOS
capacitors with SiC semiconductor and Pt metallic
electrode [7]. MOS structure on Pt/ZnO/SiC detected
H2 and O2 at temperatures up to 3300C [8]. The
project’s objective is to realize a MOS capacitive sensor
of silicon carbide (SiC) for the detection of toxic and
flammable gases from the environment. This type of
sensor is well suited for such applications because it
has selectivity and sensitivity, a fast response, and the
recovery time is short with low power consumption.
The usage of silicon carbide is a key element that
enables the sensor to operate at high temperatures.
PhD Phys. Jenica Neamţu - project manager
PhD Engineer Mircea Ignat
PhD Engineer Teodora Mălăeru
PhD Engineer Gabriela Georgescu
PhD Engineer Gabriela Hristea
PhD Engineer Dragoş Ovezea
Engineer Gabriela Telipan
Engineer Cristian Morari
Techn. Adrian Militaru
Techn. Filoftea Fotea
EXPERIMENTAL
The insulator oxide in the MOS structure from Phase
2 is silica and/or titanium oxide. In order to attain the
MOS structures sensitive to small amounts of toxic
gases, low thicknesses (not more than 50 nm) are
used for oxides.
Thus, the main problem of this phase is to obtain
different thicknesses of the oxides in a controlled and
reproducible manner.
Researches have been made both on silicon (Si)
wafers, where there is know-how regarding the
oxidation processes, and on silicon carbide (SiC), the
latter being a material for which the partner institutes
have no prior experience.
In the case of SiC wafers the growth process of the
oxide is much slower than in the case of Si wafers due
to the strong links between Si and C.
Therefore, the breakage of these bonds was carried
out through treatment in dry oxygen at 1100°C for 6
hours.
The oxidation was followed by a thermal treatment
in an inert nitrogen atmosphere. A thickness of 30 nm
was achieved for SiO2 on SiC wafers.
To obtain titanium oxide (TiO2), Si wafers were
used on which were deposited thin films of titanium
(Ti) with a thickness of 25 nm by vacuum evaporation
(E-BEAM).
The wafers were oxidized at 6000C for 3 hours and
the obtained titanium oxide has a thickness of approx.
40 nm.
The metal in the structure of MOS sensor is a
catalytic metal; in this stage, experiments were carried
out in order to obtain thin films of nickel and palladium.
At the metal-oxide interface the adsorbed gas molecules
are polarized creating a bipolar layer.
This bipolar layer decreases the work function of the
metal, which reduces the flat band voltage of the MOS
capacitor. The change of the flat band voltage causes
a shift of the CV characteristic of the capacitor.
For experiments, thin films of Ni and Pd and multilayer
metal/oxide: Si/TiO2/Ni, Si/TiO2/Pd; Si/SiO2/TiO2/Pd
was attained using the “High vacuum equipment ATC
2200 INTERNATIONAL AJA” with the DC sputtering
method.
In order to electrically characterize the MOS
structures, all metal depositions were made through a
metallic mask made of brass having a thickness of 0,5
mm and Φ=50 mm, in which were made holes with
diameters of 0,7 mm 0,9 mm and 1,6 mm using the
KERN Micro equipment.
The depositions of Ni or Pd were performed on the
previously deposited TiO2 and SiO2/TiO2 layers.
Table 1 presents the processed materials and structures
and the capacities measured on the devices.
Table I: Processed materials and capacitor structures
Incident
Thickness [nm]
power
[W]
C [F]
device
Φ=1.6
mm
No.
Sample
1
Ni
150
70
-
2
Pd
120
100
-
3
Si/TiO2/Ni
150
4
5
6
Si/TiO2/
Pd
Si/SiO2/
TiO2/Pd
Si/TiO2/
Pd
120
120
120
Si/TiO2 40 nm/Ni 295.57E70 nm
12
362.5E-12
Si/TiO2 46 nm/
Pd100 nm
Si/SiO2 30nm/
TiO2 40 nm/Pd
100 nm
Si/TiO210 nm/Pd
70 nm
631.95E12
45.7E-12
In figures 1 and 2 the C-V characteristics for samples
no. 3 and 5, raised to 1MHz, are presented.
National projects
Fig.1. C-V characteristics of sample TiO2/Ni
Fig. 2. C-V characteristics of sample Si/SiO2 /TiO2 /Pd
Dissemination of results
[1] Jenica Neamţu, Marius Volmer, “Influence of
transition metal ions on the structure and physical
properties of zinc oxide thin films”, Proc. of „E-MRS
Spring Meeting Strasbourg 2013”;
[2] Jenica Neamţu, Marius Volmer, “The influence
of doping with transition metal ions on the structure
and magnetic properties of zinc oxide thin films”, in
press in “The Scientific World Journal”, ISI=1.73.
CONCLUSIONS
• Experiments were made in order to achieve thin
layers of SiO2 and TiO2 and SiO2/TiO2 bi-layers forming
the dielectric layer in the capacitive MOS sensor using
three methods:
- SiO2 layers were made by oxidation of the Si wafers
at 10000C for 10-20 min.; SiC wafers were oxidized at
11000C/6 hours.
- TiO2 layers were made by RF sputtering;
- The SiO2/TiO2 bi-layers were achieved by oxidation
of the Si wafers at 10000C for 10-20 min. followed
by the E-Beam deposition of Ti and oxidation of Ti at
6000C for 3 hours.
• Thin metallic films of Ni and Pd and Si/TiO2/
Ni, Si/TiO2/Pd, Si/SiO2/TiO2/Pd multilayer metal/oxide
structures were made for the MOS sensor in the form
of dots with Φ=0.7…0.9 and 1.6 mm.
• The measured C-V curves are characteristic for a
MOS capacitor.
REFERENCES
[1] N.I. Sax, Dangerous Properties of Industrial
Materials, 4th ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York,
USA, 1975, pp.21 - 25; Choyke, W. J., and G. Pensl,
“Physical Properties of SiC”, MRS Bulletin, March
1997, pp. 25 – 29
[2] Adrian Trinchi, Sasikaran Kandasamy, Wojtek
Wlodarski, High temperature field effect hydrogen and
hydrocarbon gas sensors based on SiC MOS devices,
Sensors and Actuators B 133 (2008) 705 – 716,
Elsevier.
[3] A. Spetz, A. Arbab, I. Lundström, “Gas sensors for
high-temperature operation based on metal oxide silicon
carbide (MOSiC) devices”, Sensors and Actuators B 15
(1993), pp. 19 – 23.
[4] A. Baranzahi, A.L. Spetz, I. Lundström, “Reversible
hydrogen annealing of metal oxide silicon carbide
devices at high temperatures”, Applied Physics Letters
67 (1995), p. 3203.
[5] P. Tobias, A. Baranchi, I. Lundström, A. Schöner, K.
Rottner, S. Karlsson, P. Mårtersson, A.L. Spetz, “Studies
of the ambient dependent inversion capacitance of
catalytic metal-oxide-silicon carbide devices based on
6H- and 4H-SiC material”, Materials Science Forum
264 – 68 (1998), pp. 1097 – 1100.
[6]
Mun Teng Soo,
Kuan Yew Cheong,
Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Noor, “Advances of SiC-based
MOS capacitor hydrogen sensors for harsh environment
applications”, Sensors and Actuators B 151 (2010),
pp. 39 – 55, Elsevier.
[7] A. Samman, S. Gebremariam, L. Rimai, X. Zhang,
J. Hangas, G.W. Auner, “Platinum-aluminum nitridesilicon carbide diodes as combustible gas sensors”,
Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), p. 3101.
[8] C.I. Harris, A.O. Konstantinov, “Recent developments
in SiC device research”, Physica Scripta T79 (1999),
pp. 27 – 31.
[9] C.W.Y. Jerry, S. Mahnaz, L. Christopher, W.B.
Wlodarski, K-.Z. Kourosh, ”Pt/ZnO/SiC thin film for
hydrogen gas sensing”, in: Proceedings of SPIE, the
International Society for Optical Engineering, 1981.
[10] A. Baranzahi, A.L. Spetz, B. Andersson, I.
Lundstrom, “Gas sensitive field-effect devices for high
temperatures”, Sensors and Actuators B 26 (1995)
165 – 169.
contract no. 204/2012 (4284/2012).
National projects
High temperature intelligent Sensor with silicon carbide (SiC)
diodes for industrial applications in harsh environments (SiC SET)
ABSTRACT
In Phase II of the project, ICPE-CA partner realized
two activities:
1. Study
of
dielectric
and
metal
thin
films
depositions
on
SiC
and
study
of
the
required
heat
treatment.
The methods used in this project for obtaining thin
dielectric and metal layers on silicon carbide (SiC)
substrate are:
• deposition by thermal evaporation in vacuum;
• RF sputtering, DC sputtering.
Structural
and
microstructural
(roughness)
characterization of Ni thin films have been made by
XRD and AFM.
2. Studies on the conductive adhesive materials
resistant to high temperature technology for mounting
the high temperature diode in the capsule.
INTRODUCTION
The main SiC-SET project’s objectives are the design,
development, and implementation of a temperature
sensor with SiC diodes for monitoring the temperature
in cement factory furnaces.
The temperature sensors studied in this project are
based on a Ni/4H-SiC Schottky contact.
In phase II of the project were made:
• Ni thin layers structures for the Schottky and ohmic
contacts;
• Characterization of crystalline structure (XRD) and
microstructure (SEM) of the prepared thin film
samples;
• Studies on electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs)
(Polymer Binders and Conductive Fillers Electrically
for electrically conductive adhesives);
• Experiments
on
manufacturing
electrically
conductive adhesive of type nano-sized silver
paste;
• Microstructural (SEM) and compositional (EDS)
characterization of AgNPs;
• Electrical characterization of conductive adhesive
samples.
PhD. Phys. Jenica Neamţu – Project manager
PhD. Eng. Mircea Ignat
PhD. Eng. Teodora Mălăeru
PhD. Eng. Gabriela Georgescu
PhD. Eng. Gabriela Hristea
PhD. Eng. Dragoş Ovezea
PhD. Student Cristian Morari
PhD. Student Ionuț Bălan
PhD. Student Gabriela Telipan
Technician Adrian Militaru
Technician Filoftea Fotea
EXPERIMENTAL
During experiments for manufacturing SiC Schottky
diodes, thin layers of Ni and Ni/SiO2 on SiC were
deposited by DC Sputtering.
In advance a silicon oxide layer, with a thickness of
650 nm, was thermally grown and on this structure
was deposited a thin layer of nickel. The deposited Ni
structures were processed at different temperatures, in
an argon atmosphere of 99,999%, in situ and ex-situ.
(Table 1) [1].
Table I. Conditions of structures manufacturing
Sample
Layer
Thermal
Speed to Atmosphere
or multilayer treatment/ reach the
Temperature
level
/time
1
Ni
-
-
2
Ni/SiO2
-
3
Ni/SiO2
In situ
/2000C
In situ/
4000C
4
Ni/SiO2
-
8000C/2min 70C/min
Ar 99,999%
x10-3at
Ar 99,999%
x10-3at
Ar 99,999%
x10-3at
Ar 99,999%
x1at
After the investigation of the materials and the
technologies for mounting a diode in the capsule
followed high-temperature experiments for achieving
the conductive adhesive of type nano-sized silver
paste.
Nano silver paste was made of nano-sized silver
powder synthesized at this stage by using polymer
binder and other organics (dispersant, solvent) [7-10].
The microphysical information obtained from the
study of Ni/SiO2 metal -oxide bilayers are important in
determining the technology for the temperature sensor
on the silicon carbide Schottky diode (SiC); it has been
found that the deposition on the substrate heated to
200°C and 400° C is not causing changes in the Ni/
SiO2 structure (Fig.1, Fig.2, Fig. 3). Ni is crystalline
(face centred cubic) (2θ= 44.7° and 52.2°). After
treatment, the nickel crystallite size increases and
the intensity peaks are much larger which shows the
crystal structure.
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Fig 1. X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) for nickel thin
layer (sample 1) deposition on unheated substrate
Fig. 5. SEM image of Ag NPs obtained by reduction method
SEM image showed Ag particles with nano-sizes (31139 nm).
Fig. 2. X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) for nickel thin
layer (sample 2) deposition on heated substrate to
2000C
Fig. 6. EDS spectrum of AgNPs obtained by reduction
method
layer (sample 3) deposition on heated substrate to
4000C
Tabel 2. The results of EDS analysis for AgNPs
obtained by reduction method
Spectrum
Spectrum 1
Spectrum 2
Spectrum 3
Spectrum 4
Spectrum 5
In stats.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Mean
Std. deviation
Max.
Min.
layer (sample 4) treated at 8000C in Ar 99.999%
After heat treatment at 800°C, most of the nickel
film reacts to form nickel silicide (face-centred cubic)
with sizes 40-67.8 nm and nickel oxide crystalline
(monoclinic) with sizes of 32-33 nm, which is not
recommended for the Schottky diode.
Nano silver particles synthesized for achieving
conductive adhesive were microstructurally (SEM)
(Fig. 5) and compositionally (EDS) (Fig. 6 and Table 2)
analyzed.
O
1.32
1.79
1.79
2.30
1.46
Na
0.41
0.33
0.41
0.51
0.48
Mg
0.40
0.50
0.43
0.46
0.43
Ag
97.87
97.38
97.37
96.73
97.64
1.73
0.38
2.30
1.32
0.43
0.07
0.51
0.33
0.44
0.04
0.50
0.40
97.40
0.43
97.87
96.73
The EDS analysis revealed the predominant formation
of AgNPs (96.73%). The EDS spectrum showed the
interferences characteristic for Ag; there are no other
additional peaks from the impurities (Ag2O).
The obtained conductive adhesives were tested in
terms of electrical conductivity by electrical resistivity
determination.
Table 3. The results obtained on electrical resistivity
determination for the obtained adhesives samples
Adhesive
type
A
B
Resistance (Ω)
Resistivity (Ω·m)
291,14
119,26
205,79
22,76
National projects
The results obtained on electrical resistivity
determination showed conductive properties for the
obtained adhesives samples.
CONCLUSIONS
In the first phase, the ICPE-CA partner accomplished
the following:
- Developed the thin layers structures for Schottky
diodes able to work in high-temperature environment
(up to 4500C) and that can be encapsulated;
- Experimental depositions by DC Sputtering of the
Ni and Ni/SiO2 thin layers and thermal treatments insitu and ex-situ;
- Structural (XRD) and microstructural (SEM)
characterizations of the deposited thin layers;
- Studies on electrically conductive materials
resistant at high-temperatures and on the technologies
for mounting the high temperature diode in the
capsule;
- Experiments on manufacturing the electrically
conductive adhesive of type nano-sized silver paste
with high temperature performance;
- Microstructural characterization (SEM) and
chemical elemental composition measurements (EDS)
for the synthesized nano-sized silver powder;
- The results obtained on electrical resistivity
determination showed conductive properties for the
obtained adhesives samples.
The results of the researches on oxide semiconductor
thin-films were disseminated at the International
Conference with the „E-MRS Spring Meeting
Strasbourg 2013, Symposium Synthesis, Processing
and Characterization of Nanoscale Multi Functional
Oxide Films” with the Report: “Influence of transition
metal ions on the structure and physical properties of
zinc oxide thin films”, authors: Jenica Neamţu, Marius
Volmer, in press.
Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, July 2011, Volume:
58, Issue: 7, pp 2582 –2587; 2588- 2593
[5] W.M. Tang, C.H. Leung, P.T. Lai, „A Study on
Hydrogen Reaction Kinetics of Pt/HfO2/SiC SchottkyDiode Hydrogen Sensors”, in book: „Stoichiometry and
Materials Science - When numbers matter”, 04/2012;
ISBN: 978-953-5-0512-1
[6] Jovan M. Hadži-Vuković, Milan M. Jevtić, Institute
of Physics, Beograd, 11080 Zemun, Pregrevica 118,
Serbia and Montenegro, „The voltage pulse degraded
Ti/4H–SiC Schottky diodes studied with I–V and low
frequency noise measurements”, Diamond and Related
Materials DOI:10.1016/j.diamond.2006.03.016
[7] J. Vanfleteren, Adhesive flip-chip technology,
IMAPS Benelux Spring Event – Gent, Belgium, May
14, 2004, pp.165-169
[8] P. Peng, A. Hu, B. Zhao,A.P. Gerlich and Y. N.
Zhou, “Reinforcement of Ag nanoparticle paste with
nanowires for low temperature pressureless bonding”,
J. Mater. Sci., vol. 47, 2012, pp. 6801-6811
[9] F. Marcq, Doctoral thesis „Elaboration,
caractérisation et vieillissement d’adhésifs conducteurs
hybrides époxy/microparticules d’argent/nanotubes de
carbon”, University of Toulouse, France, 2012
[10] Z. Zhang, „Processing and Characterization of
Micro-scale and Nanoscale Silver Paste for Power
Semiconductor Device Attachment”, Dissertation,
Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State
University, 2005.
contract no. 21/ 2012 (7088/2012)
REFERENCES
[1] T. Kimoto, Q. Wahab, A. Ellison, U. Forsberg, M.
Tuominen, R.Yakimova, A. Henry, and E. Janzén,
“High-voltage (>2.5 kV) 4H–SiC Schottky rectifiers
processed on hot-wall CVD and high-temperature CVD
layers”, in Silicon Carbide, III–Nitrides and Related
Materials VII–Stockholm 1997, G. Pensl, H. Morkoc,
B. Monemar, and E. Janzén, Eds., Materials Science
Forum, vols. 264–268, pp. 921–924, 1998.
[2] A Latreche, Z Ouennoughi, A Sellai, R Weiss,
H Ryssel, ”Electrical characteristics of Mo/4HSiC Schottky diodes having ion-implanted guard
rings: temperature and implant-dose dependence”,
Semiconductor Science and Technology (impact factor:
1.72). 04/2011; 26(8):085003. DOI:10.1088/02681242/26/8/085003
[3], [4] Godignon, P., Inst. de Microelectron. de
Barcelona-Centro Nac. de Microelectron., Univ.
Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Jorda, X.;
Vellvehi, M.; Perpina, X.; Banu, V.; Lopez, D.; Barbero,
J.; Brosselard, P.; Massetti, S., „SiC Schottky Diodes
for Harsh Environment Space Applications”, Industrial
National projects
Permanent magnets with low rare earth content
ABSTRACT
The project aims at the realization and experimentation
of advanced composite materials with mechanical
properties for their use in various applications in
electrical engineering.
Program aimed at design and development
of experimental models of magnetic materials
nanocomposites NdFeB alloys with low content of rare
earth and characterization of experimental models of
composite materials by reducing the content of rare
earth permanent magnets through nanostructuring.
In order to align with the fundamental research in
the ICPE-CA, the electrical engineering proposed
development of advanced materials in terms of
mechanical properties, electrical and magnetic, their
use in various applications in electrical engineering.
INTRODUCTION
To achieve the project goal were proposed objectives,
concepts and experimental models of permanent
magnet iterative hardening rate (the ratio Br / Bs ≥
0.65 and Nd content less than 30%) and structural
characterization Magnetic ME MP.
The conduct of the program was conducted in three
phases as follows:
- Phase 1/2013. Achievement ME magnetic material
with planar anisotropy. Previously obtained powder
densification and inducing anisotropy. Structural and
magnetic characterization of samples of material
- Phase 2/2013. Experimental models of
nanocomposites with hardening exchange interaction
- Phase 3/2013. Obtaining permanent magnet model
of iterative hardening rate (the ratio Br / Bs ≥ 0.65 and
Nd content less than 30%) Structural characterization
and magnetic ME MP
Personal research project
PhD. Eng Phys. Eros Pătroi, CS II - Project Manager
PhD. Eng. Mirela Maria Codescu, CS I
PhD. Eng. Eugen Manta, IDT III
PhD. Eng. Alexandru Iorga, ACS
PhD. Eng. Phys. Delia Pătroi, IDT III
PhD. Eng. Florina Radulescu, ACS
PhDs. Eng. Ionuţ Bălan
PhDs. Eng. Phys. Virgil Marinescu, SC
PhD. Phys. Gabriela Sbârcea, CS
PhDs. Eng. Marius Popa, CS III
Tech. Florentina Oprea
Tech. Georgeta Mărgineanu
Tech. Paul Stean
EXPERIMENTS
To achieve the objectives in 2013, a series of experiments
were performed. The experiments conducted in the
first phase of this project, lead to the achievement of
experimental model of magnetic material with planar
anisotropy, and the following results were obtained:
-3 alloy composition : Nd11Fe83B6, Nd10Fe85B5,
Nd10.5Fe84B5.5 and processed in different conditions by
casting spinners obtaining precursor tapes processed
by grinding to obtain powder;
-5 experimental models of nanocomposite magnets
were obtained, made of the alloy ribbons Nd11Fe83B6,
Nd10Fe85B5, Nd10.5Fe84B5.5;
-hysteresis cycles obtained from characterization
of ribbons showed the influence of the addition of iron
in the composition and influence of casting parameters
on melt spinning;
-there were obtain promising values of the
magnetic properties, at the condition of 35 m/s.
-in order to characterize magnetic hysterezigraph
were obtain magnetic nanocomposite samples
(see Figure 21) by grinding the encoded ribbons 3,
6 and 7, the densification in HIP, and by pressing
them. Saturation magnetization was performed in a
magnetized that, by downloading a capacitor, provides
a magnetization field approx. 45 kOe .
RESULTS AND DISCUTION
Experimental models of permanent magnets with
low rare earth content.
Structural characterization was done with a D8
Discover X-ray diffractometer (Bruker)
Measurement conditions: Primary Optics: tube (Cu
Kα λ = 1.5406 Å) 40kV, 40mA, Göbel mirror 60 mm
Detector: LynxEye PSD 1D mode, scanning in parallel
beam geometry in grazing incidence GID to theta 10, BB
Bragg-Brentano geometry, angular increment 2Theta:
0.04.
Average dimensions of the crystal powder in the initial
and heat treated state obtain from ribbons
No.
initial
Code
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
5
7
D[410]
-Nd2Fe14B
(Å)
318
257,8
326,8
244,8
Thermal treatment
D[110]
– αFe
(Å)
316,9
301,4
309,6
317,8
D[410]
-Nd2Fe14B
(Å)
501,3
331,9
667,4
271,8
D[110] –
αFe
(Å)
308,8
311,7
261,4
291,5
National projects
Powder diffraction spectra obtained from ribbons 5%,
10% and 15% of added Fe in initial state
M (emu/g)
1.5x102
-8.0x105
-4.0x105
0.0
4.0x105
8.0x105
1.5x102
NdFeB - 5
NdFeB - 5 - TT
1.0x102
1.0x102
5.0x101
5.0x101
0.0
0.0
-5.0x101
-5.0x101
-1.0x102
-1.0x102
-1.5x102
-8.0x105
-4.0x105
0.0
4.0x105
-1.5x102
8.0x105
H [A/m]
Hysteresis cycles for powders obtained from the
band, with 10% addition of Fe in the initial and heat
treated
-8.0x105
M (emu/g)
1.5x102
-8.0x105
-4.0x105
0.0
4.0x105
8.0x105
1.5x102
1.0x102
1.0x102
5.0x101
5.0x101
0.0
0.0
M (emu/g)
Powder diffraction spectra obtained from ribbons 5%,
10% and 15% of added Fe after heat treatments
-1.5x102
-8.0x105
-4.0x105
0.0
4.0x105
8.0x105
-1.0x102
-1.5x102
8.0x105
8.0x101
8.0x101
4.0x101
4.0x101
0.0
0.0
-4.0x101
-4.0x101
-8.0x101
-8.0x101
NdFeB-7-02.07-1-pulbere
NdFeB-7-02.07-1-pulbereTT
-1.2x102
-1.2x102
-8.0x10
NdFeB - 5% Fe- 400h
NdFeB - 10% Fe- 400h
4.0x105
1.2x102
5
-4.0x10
0.0
5
4.0x10
5
8.0x10
H [A/m]
-5.0x101
-1.0x102
0.0
1.2x10
5
-5.0x101
-4.0x105
2
band, with 15% of added Fe in the initial and heat
treated
H [A/m]
Hysteresis cycles for powders with 5% and 10% of
added Fe in initial state
M (emu/g)
-8.0x105
-4.0x105
0.0
4.0x105
8.0x105
1.0x102
1.0x102
5.0x101
5.0x101
0.0
0.0
-5.0x101
-5.0x101
NdFeB - 1 - pulbere
NdFeB - 1 - pulbere-TT
-1.0x102
-8.0x105
-4.0x105
0.0
4.0x105
-1.0x102
8.0x105
H [A/m]
band, with 5% addition of Fe in the initial and heat
treated
CONCLUSION
There have been achieved experimental models of
advanced composite materials as follows:
- There were obtain and characterized structurally
and magnetically 28 models. In order to obtain
nanocomposites based on Nd2Fe14B / α-Fe were
developed and molded in induction furnace, vacuum/
controlled atmosphere (argon) three types of
composition: Nd11Fe83B6 (corresponding Nd2Fe14B
+ 5% Fe), Nd10.5Fe84B5.5 (corresponding Nd2Fe14B
+ 15% Fe). From structural determinations made
microscopy (SEM) revealed that: both phases can be
observed, Nd2Fe14B and, respectively, crystallized Fe.
Diffraction spectra of powders obtained by grinding
From magnetic determinations made using
hysterisgraph Brockhaus Messtechnik, resulted
the following: hysteresis cycles obtained from
characterization showed the influence of the addition
of iron in composition; has been observed promising
National projects
values of the magnetic properties, for the compaction
powders obtained from ribbons, the two methods
for obtaining the ribbons showed the influence of
parameters in obtaining powders and revealed the need
of nucleation of the two magnetic phases.
It was found that for the extrairon compositions
required for processing.
REFERENCES
[1] G. Hadjipanayis et al., The Incredible Pull of
Nanocomposite Magnets, IEEE SPECTRUM, Aug.
2011;
[2] S. Kozawa, Trends and Problems in Research of
Permanent Magnets for Motors — Addressing Scarcity
Problem of Rare Earth Elements, Science & Technology
Trends, Quaterly Review No. 38, 40 - 54, Jan. 2011;
[3] K.Hono, Magnetic Property Control by Controlling
Nano Tissues: (1) RE magnet materials, Element
Strategy Outlook, National Institute of Materials
Science, Dec.31, 2007
[4] T. Schrefl et. al., Exchange hardening in
nanostructured two phases permanent magnets, J.
Magn. Magn. Mater., 127, L273-L277, 1993;
[5] T. Schrefl et al., Two and three-dimensional
calculation of remanence enhancement of RE based
composite magnets, J. Appl. Phys., 76, 10, 7053-58,
1994
The research was funded through Nucleus Programme,
contract no. 0935-5103/2009; Joint Cooperation
Programme ICPE-CA, Bucharest, Romania – JINR,
Dubna, Russia, contract no. 32/2013 (04-4-10692009/2014); CAPACITIES Programme – Module III
– Joint Cooperation Programme Romania – Republic
of Moldova, contract no. 4298/2013 STORM;
CAPACITIES Programme – Module III – Joint
Cooperation Programme Romania – Republic of China,
contract no. 4294/2013.
Magnetic nanofluids and magnetisable fluids as nano- microcomposites with high magnetisation: Applications in rotating
sealing at high pressures and hard working conditions and in control
magnetorheologic devices
ABSTRACT
In this step of project the testing of some new
prepared magnetic liquids. Gamma irradiation was
applied for the induction of oxidation under accelerated
conditions. These magnetic systems are foreseen to be
applied for the sealing in pressure circuits of nuclear
power stations.
INTRODUCTION
Magnetic liquids are the sealing systems, which
ensure the good functionality of pressure circuits
in nuclear power stations. For this purpose, the
radiochemical testing is required. These colloidal
products were gamma irradiated, because the
penetration of these rays causes oxidative degradation
of organic layers. The worsening of oxidation state leads
to the modification of particle distribution in magnetic
liquids and the sealing efficiency is affected.
Dr. Chem. Traian Zaharescu, CS I – head of the
project
Prof. Dr. Eng. Radu Setnescu, CS I
PhDs. Eng. Marius Lungulescu, CS
Dr. Eng. Alina Ruxandra Caramitu, IT I
Dr. Eng. Ilona Pleşa, ACS
PhDs. Eng. Phys. Virgil Marinescu, CS
Eng. Alina Dumitru, CS
PhDs Eng. Mădălina Dumitru, IT II
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EXPERIMENTAL
The study on thermal and radiation stability of nonpolar magnetic nanofluids (stabilised mono-layer by
chemosorption) or polar magnetic nanofluids (stabilised
double-layer by chemosorption) was accomplished. It
revealed the structural modifications in the organic
phase. The chemical stability of FMR components was
investigated by non-isothermal chemiluminescence
(CL – LUMIPOL 3 – Slovakia) and by differential
scanning calorimetry (Setaram DSC 131 Evo, Setaram
Instrumentation, France). The irradiation was performed
in the machine Gammator provided with gamma source
(137Cs) at a dose rate of 0.4 kGy.h-1.
The investigations by the application of nonisothermal
chemiluminescence have revealed the susceptibility of
magnetic liquid samples to oxidation. The dependences
of CL intensities on temperature are presented in fig.
1. These samples contain also iron nanopowder.
For the analysis of CL spectra the main aspect is
related to the chemical nature of colloidal environment,
which is affected by the action of radiation. Other
main aspect is related to the number of layers which
were chemisorbed on magnetite particles. The
relative distribution of curves is influenced by the
preparation procedure of samples, which determined
the rate of oxidation in the outer layer. The nature of
radicals appeared by the scission on the molecules of
surfactants and their concentrations influence the rate
of ageing that is a self-chain process.
The samples which were prepared by covering
magnetite nanoparticles with double chemisorbed
layers, the problem of stability of polyisobuthylene
succinic aldehyde (PIBSA) is solved by the application
of this layer on the first leaf. This procedure gives the
protection of PIBSA, which is degraded very easy under
gamma radiation. In fig. 1 the CL spectra of various
magnetic liquid samples are presented.
Fig. 1. Nonisothermal CL spectra recorded on
irradiated magnetic liquid samples (series 130214)
The magnetic liquid samples belonging to FMC series
illustrated in fig. 2 have incorporated iron nanopowder.
From these spectra several essential features can be
remarked:
1. sample P5 is affected by irradiation even at 10
kGy, and the evolution for the other irradiation doses
proceeds normally;
2. sample P4 shows the CL curves with the lowest
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difference between themselves. This fact is an
argument for the selection to the industrial production
destined to nuclear applications,
3. the most proper magnetic liquids for foreseen
applications are P2, P3 and P4 because the variation
in CL intensities are the lowest ones,
4. the thermal stability of studied magnetic fluids
can be characterized by the start of oxidation, which
values of time are listed in Table 1.
The values for the start of oxidation represent the
main criterion for the selection of magnetic liquids
destined to seal the power circuits of nuclear power
stations. Their behaviour is influenced by the ratio of
magnetite and iron powder, whose values determine
the initiation of degradation. The particles of iron are
the centres of initiation for oxidation, because they are
the transient species.
Table 1. The temperatures for start of oxidation initiated
in the organic components.
Sample
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
0
182
180
181
185
172
Irradiation
10
180
175
176
178
168
dose (kGy)
50
150
175
170
173
171
174
170
173
172
165
158
Due to the protection offered by outer layers, the
particle covering are much resistant in the radiation
field. This oxidation prevention is based on the
interaction between various hydrocarbon radicals,
which is detrimental for oxidation.
Fig. 2. CL Spectra recorded on the samples from FMC
series
The determination of thermal stability on irradiated
magnetic liquid samples reveals a significant decrease in
the oxidation enthalpy except the samples 130214-5 and
130214-6 (Table 2). The examples for shape development
are shown in fig. 3, where the DSC measurements were
accomplished on 130214-1 (fig. 3).
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Table 2. Kinetic characteristics of oxidation determined
by determinate DSC
Sample
MF/HVO
(Fe3O4∙OA∙PIBSA)
MF/DOS
MF/DOA
MF/UTR
(Fe3O4∙OT)
MF/UTR
(Fe3O4∙OT)
MF/HVO
(Fe3O4∙OT)
Dose
(kGy)
0
10
50
150
0
10
50
150
0
10
50
150
0
10
50
150
0
10
50
150
0
10
50
150
OOT1
(°C)
273.6
276.2
281.3
284.1
245.6
233.9
240.9
247.0
234.0
231.9
228.2
226.0
207.4
204.0
203.0
206.0
195.5
204.6
206.0
206.9
198.2
197.3
198.5
197.6
ΔH1
(J/g)
-360
-225
-202
-202
-66
-41
-49
-38
-116
-132
-68
-40
-153
-169
-124
-120
-108
-146
-127
-133
-77
-94
-142
-113
CONCLUSION
Radio-oxidative degradation of magnetic liquids, which
were prepared by the project co-coordinator, pointed
out the relevant influence of chemisorbed surfactants
and the sequence of layers. Even though the start
of oxidation for polyisobuthylene succinic aldehyde
(PIBSA) was recorded at 120oC, this difficulty is
overcome by the fact that PIBSA is an inner layer and
it is protected by outer layer radicals.
Fig. 3. DSC curves recorded on the sample
130214-1 of magnetic liquid
The present research was accomplished in the frame
of National Programme for Research, Development
and Innovation – PNCDI II, contract no. 156
(7087)/2012.
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Advanced composite structures for aerospace applications
Abstract
The general objective of the project involves
the development and testing of the mechanical
structure of the box that houses the electronics in a
microsatellite, made of composite materials, durable,
lighter, integrating control systems for resistance to
thermal cycles during the operation. At this stage it
was intended to establish the general requirements and
the design of operating conditions in space of the box
that houses the electronics in microsatellites having as
reference the aluminium box currently used.
INTRODUCTION
The development of composite materials in the last
century has become the basis for many technical and
economic considerations, among which: the need for
materials with special properties (less weight, strength
and stiffness, unattainable with traditional materials),
the need to increase safety and operational reliability,
the need to reduce consumption of scarce or precious
materials, the opportunity to reduce labour consumption
and reduce manufacturing technology durations. In the
space industry are numerous stringent requirements
imposed by the design of spacecraft structures. Satellites
must be light and stiff enough to maintain precision
alignment of the measuring / control instruments in
severe space conditions. As a result of cost reduction
trends recorded in aerospace engineering, the use of
uncertified electronics for use in space became a common
practice [1, 2, 3]. The ionizing particles characteristic
for space and severe environmental conditions could
damage electronic devices unprotected to radiation and
may affect the main functions of the satellites [4]. A
structure to house the electronic components should
attenuate the incident radiation and equipping devices
operating in space with such a structure should provide
them a satisfactory protection.
Traditionally, these structures housing the electronics
devices are made of aluminium. In the context of the these
premises, at this stage, the project aimed to establish
general requirements of the box that houses electronics
in a microsatellite based on existing standards for such
spatial structure, based on data existent in the literature
and based on own expertise and propose constructive
alternatives for this by establishing a CAD model.
PhD. Adela Băra, CS II – head of the project
PhD. Cristina Banciu, CS III
PhD. Elena Chiţanu, CS
EXPERIMENTAL
Low-altitude LEO orbit (LEO - Low Earth Orbit) is
of interest for this study. LEO is defined for altitudes
between 150 and 2000 km above the earth’s surface.
Orbit LEO is characterized by: very low pressure (high
vacuum), extreme temperatures (depending on the
orientation of the material from the sun, heat cycles),
electromagnetic radiation, exposure to various atomic
species and loaded particles (at various concentrations
depending on the altitude and solar activity), the
impact with micrometeorites and fragments of space
(space debris).
The characteristics of the LEO space environment can
be simulated experimentally as follows:
• Ultra-advanced vacuum (~10-6 Torr);
• UV radiations (<200 nm);
• Thermal cycles (-70 ÷ +100 ° C);
• Exposure to oxygen (AO - flux = 4.5x10-16
atoms/cm2s).
Table 1 shows the set of requirements for the box that
houses the electronics in microsatellite reported to the
aluminium reference.
Table 1. Requirements for the box that houses the
electronics in microsatellite
Property
Weight Dimensions
Accessibility
Requirement
Minimum*
Fixed**
Comparable
to
the
reference [5,6]
First own frequency of >150Hz
vibration
Random
vibration Max 15g RMS
qualification level
Mechanical resistance
At least equal to the
reference
Thermal performances
Equal to the reference
Radiation shield
Equal to the reference
(LEO conditions)
Cost
minimum
In determining the final requirements for the
structure that house the electronics in a microsatellite
is essential to define its design and geometry. One of
the proposed options for the design of composite box
is shown in Figure 1.
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1
6
7
2
[
3
[
4
5
Fig. 1. Components of the box: 1 - side ribs; 2 - front
rib; 3 - front Panel; 4 - cover; 5 - grid for catching
electronic components; 6 - panel “L” back; 7 - popnit
CONCLUSIONS
Generating an optimal design methodology for
composite structure (space housing type) and its
application to optimize weight are important. Design
methodology proposed in the project will includes
constraints on radiation attenuation, natural frequency
of vibration, structural integrity, electrical resistivity
and limiting distortions of form generated by thermal
loads (thermal cycles).
[2] Dodd, P., “Physics-Based Simulation of Single-Event
Effects”, IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials
Reliability, Vol. 5, No. 3, September 2005, pp. 343357.
[3] J.R. Koerselman, “A Multidisciplinary Optimization
of Composite Space Enclosures”, PhD Dissertation,
Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of
Technology, July 2012.
[4] Bedingfield, K. and Leach, R., “Spacecraft System
Failures and Anomalies Attributed to the Natural Space
Environment”, Tech. Rep. 1 390, NASA, 1996.
[5] de Vriendt, K. and Dayers, L., “AED Qualification
Vibration Test Report”, Tech. rep., Verhaert,
Findland, 2004, AED-RP-015-VE.
[6] Harri Katajisto, Timo Brander, Markus Wallin,
„Component and System Analysis Using Numerical
Simulation Techniques – FEA, CFD, MBS“, NAFEMS
Seminar, November 23 – 24, 2005, Gothenburg,
Sweden.
The research was financed by the ResearchDevelopment-Innovation for Space Technology and
Advanced Research Programme - STAR, contract 9 /
2012 (7094/2012).
REFERENCES
[1] Garcia, F., Kurvinen, K., “Radiation Shielding Study
of Advanced Data and Power Management Systems
(ADPMS) Housing Using Geant4”, IEEE Nuclear
Science Symposium Conference, 2006.
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SERVICES
Complex characterization of collagen-based materials, using the
methods of thermal analysis and other advanced techniques
ABSTRACT
In this stage of the project the first TG/DTG/DSC/
FTIR measurements of some parchments and leathers
were performed, both in inert and oxidative atmosphere,
which put in evidence the molecular species that evolve
on thermal decomposition. The effects of temperature
and humidity on the denaturation behaviour of
parchments and leathers both in water and in dry
state were investigated, by performing accelerated
ageing tests. The influence of some factors such as
acids, bases, inorganic salts of alkaline and transitional
metals, pressure etc., on the denaturation behaviour of
these collagen-based materials in water or in dry state
was studied.
INTRODUCTION
Collagen and collagen-based materials were
characterized through numerous thermal analysis
techniques [1-5]. Evolution of gaseous products
resulted from thermal decomposition/pyroliysis of some
collagen-based materials was studied mainly by mass
spectrometry [6-9]. However no similar TG–FTIR study
has yet been reported for parchments or leathers.
Concerning the influence of temperature and
relative humidity on these materials, Badea et al. [10]
reported an extensive micro DSC study on a large
number of parchments, concerning the effects on
hydrothermal stability of these materials. Changes in
collagen thermal stability, increase of heterogeneity
and structural disorder and the loss of fibrillar structure
were observed under the accelerated ageing conditions
used.
So far, to our knowledge, no similar systematic
DMA studies that investigate the effects of artificial
ageing on denaturation behaviour of parchments and
vegetable-tanned leathers while immersed and heated
in water are reported.
Also, there appears to be no studies regarding
the influence of some factors such as acids, bases,
inorganic salts of alkaline and transitional metals,
pressure, etc., on the denaturation behaviour in water
or in dry state.
PhD Chem. Andrei Cucoş – project manager
PhD Chem. Petru Budrugeac - mentor
EXPERIMENTAL
Sorts of un-aged parchments from goat kid and
calf skin and sorts of un-aged leathers from goat kid
and sheep skins vegetable tanned with quebracho or
mimosa, all manufactured at The Leather and Footwear
Institute (Bucharest, Romania). Pure gelatine from
Merck was used as received.
The parchment and leather samples were subjected
to accelerated ageing test performed in a climatic
chamber (Memmert HCP 108, Germany) at 85°C and
60% RH for progressively increasing time lengths (1,
2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 days). The samples were hung
in the chamber and precaution was taken that the
samples should not touch each other or the inner walls.
Also, on each opening of the chamber for extracting
the corresponding samples, the remaining ones were
repositioned in order to provide as uniform as possible
ageing conditions.
The TG/DTG/DSC+FTIR measurements were
performed on a Netzsch STA 409 PC thermal analyzer
coupled to a Bruker Tensor 27 FTIR spectrometer
equipped with a TG-IR gas cell, in nitrogen, synthetic
air and oxygen atmospheres at 10 K/min heating rate.
The denaturation and melting studies were
performed by recording of DSC curves in nitrogen
flow and deionised water, using DSC 204 F1 Phoenix
instrument produced by Netzsch, Germany.
The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was
performed on samples in water, using a submersion
clamp mounted on DMA Q800 instrument (TA
Instruments, USA) at a heating rate of 1 K/min, or in
air at a heating rate of 3 K/min using a tensile clamp.
The treatment of samples consisted in soaking of
samples in acids, bases, inorganic salts of alkaline and
transitional metals, typically 1 M, for at least 24 h,
which was necessary for the penetration of solutions
within the collagen fibers and fibrils, followed by
washing with distilled water and filtration, and then
drying and rehydratation in air at room temperature.
The influence of pressure was monitored by applying
of a 10-tons pressure for 10 minutes on leathers
samples, both initial and extracted with acetone, by
means of a manual hydraulic press.
The TG/DTG/DSC/+FTIR analysis data of parchments
and leathers are similar to those obtained for pure
collagen in the previous stage of the project. While the
2D and 3D FTIR spectra of decomposition products
of parchments are almost identical to that of collagen
(due to the fact that parchments are composed up to
90% of collagen), some differences appear in FTIR
spectra of leathers. This is due to other non-collagenic
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degradation dynamics, as compared to parchments,
due to the more complex structure of the former.
85
80
75
70
o
Tpeak DSC( C)
constituents of that are present in a larger proportion (up
to 30 %) in leathers, and which include tannins, lipids,
other proteins, etc. Thus, among bands corresponding
to decomposition products of collagen (noted in figure
1), a clear band appear at about 1350 cm-1 (encircled
with red in figure 1), starting with 2000C. This band
is characteristic for SO2 gas, which can evolve from
sulphated tannin extracts. Also, a supplementary
band is observed at 2060 cm-1 (encircled with blue in
figure 1) over 2500C and which is attributable to the
molecular specie COS. This volatile product is also of
non-collagenic origin and most probably derives from
keratin from hair residues [11]. On sampling from
different parts of leather, different intensities of these
2 bands are observed, suggesting the fact that the
vegetable-tanned leather is not uniform with regard
to the tannin composition, namely the tannins are
concentrated at the edges of the leather.
Leathers:
Goat kid/Quebracho
Goat kid/Mimosa
Sheep/Quebracho
Sheep/Mimosa
Parchments:
Goat kid 1
Goat kid 2
Calf
65
60
55
50
45
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
Ageing time (days)
Fig. 2. Plot of Tpeak DSC versus ageing time for the
materials studied in this work
Fig. 1. 2D FTIR spectrum (range 4000 – 650 cm-1) in
nitrogen atmosphere of the decomposition products
of a new goat kid leather tanned with quebracho
extract
The influence of accelerated ageing is observed
in figure 2. Thus, for parchments it is clearly seen
that the incipient ageing already induces a large
decrease of shrinkage temperature (figure 4b), as also
observed in [10]. Particularly, the first day of ageing
has the maximum effect on hydrothermal stability. The
variations are very close indicating similar degradation
rates/ dynamics, most probably due to similar structure
of these materials. On further ageing the slope of lines
becomes less abrupt and the lines diverge from each
other suggesting different degradation rates.
For leathers a slightly different picture is observed.
Thus, the initial ageing induces a lower decrease of
shrinkage temperature as compared to parchments: for
example, after the first day of ageing the shrinkage
temperature is reduced by about 70C for parchments
and by ~40C for leathers. This is explained by the fact
that the ageing conditions used in this study (850C +
60% RH) are harsher for parchment than for leathers,
as the former denaturate at lower temperature. Also,
the lines diverge strongly for the four studied leathers,
indicating that these materials follow different
The salts of transitional metals did not affect the
denaturation (shrinkage) temperature in water of
parchments but had a major effect on leathers. Thus,
for example, in the case of a goat kid leather tanned
with quebracho extract an increase of denaturation
temperature of 13°C is observed on impregnating with
a copper (II) salt and with 24°C with a zinc (II) salt
(figure 3).
Fig. 3. DSC curves in water for an initial leather
(––), treated with a solution of copper(II) salt (––)
and zinc(II) salt(––).
The influence of solvents on the denaturation
temperature was monitored by immersion of samples
in mixed solutions of solvent-water for 24 h. The sotreated samples were let to dry and rehydrate in air at
room temperature. The aim of treatment of leathers
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2000
Storage Modulus (MPa)
with mixtures of solvents was the extraction of free
and weak-bonded tannins from the collagenic matrix
of these materials. The effect of this extraction was
monitored by DSC and DMA measurements in water.
Thus, if the treatment with a 1:1 acetone-water
mixture the denaturation endotherm of one new
leather shifts from 82°C to 77°C, then by using a
more polar solvent, dimethylformamide, (in a 1:1
mixture with water) leads to the decrease of DSC
peak to 68°C. Similar results were obtained also by
performing DMA measurements in water. It is known
that tannin molecules form hydrogen bonds with
the functional groups of collagen and contribute to
stabilization. By their removing following the extraction
with solvents the leather structure becomes similar to
that of pure collagen and thus the denaturation takes
place at a temperature which is characteristic for pure
collagen (65 – 700C). The decrease of denaturation
temperature is stronger with the solvation strength of
the solvent. However, even when extracting with DMF
a part of tannins remains bonded to leather, which can
be visually noticed (the leathers retain their brownish
colour). One can suppose that these tannin molecules
are bonded directly to collagen molecules, but form no
more significant interactions between them and suchtreated leathers denaturate at the same temperature
as pure collagen.
The use of solutions of bases and acids on
parchments has led to their gelatinisation or even
solubilisation. The leathers were also very sensitive to
basic medium but have shown a remarkable resistance
to acid treatment. Thus, for example, o new leather
treated with 1M ammonia solution suffered a decrease
of about 200C of the shrinkage temperature but
apparently no change in the position and enthalpy of
the denaturation endotherm following immersion in a
1M HCl solution for 3 days.
The influence of pressure was studied by applying
of a 10-tons pressure for 10 minutes on leathers
samples, both initial and extracted with acetone, by
means of a manual hydraulic press. The so-treated
samples were characterized by DMA in dry state. It
can be observed (figure 4) that the storage modulus
of new untreated leather shows a typical variation
as a function of temperature [12]. The application of
pressure leads to the increase in modulus value on all
temperature domain, as a consequence of the increase
in cohesion between the collagen fibrils. The treatment
of the same initial leather with acetone, followed by
the application of pressure leads to a stronger increase
of modulus and to a typical curve for pure collagen and
parchments. This is due to the removing of particles
of free tannins from within the collagen fibrils and to
stronger compaction of this structure when pressure
is applied, until a structure typical for collagen and
parchments is obtained.
1000
0
20
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70
120
170
220
270
Temperature (°C)
Fig. 4. DMA curves (storage modulus) for an
initial leather (––), pressed (––) and acetoneextracted, then pressed (––)
CONCLUSIONS
The first TG/DTG/DSC/FTIR measurements of some
parchments and leathers were performed, both in inert
and oxidative atmosphere, which put in evidence the
molecular species that evolve on thermal decomposition.
The effects of temperature and humidity on the
denaturation behaviour of parchments and leathers
both in water and in dry state were investigated, by
performing accelerated ageing tests. The influence
of some factors such as acids, bases, inorganic salts
of alkaline and transitional metals, pressure etc., on
the denaturation behaviour of these collagen-based
materials in water or in dry state was studied.
REFERENCES
[1] Pietrucha K., Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2005; 36:299301.
[2] Davidenko N., Campbell J.J., Thian E.S., Watson
C.J., Cameron R.E., Acta Biomater., 2010; 6:3957–
3968.
[3] Samouillan V., Lamure A., Lacabanne A., Chem
Physics, 2000; 255:259-271.
[4] Bozec L., Odlyha M., Biophys J., 2011; 101:228236.
[5] Roduit B., Odlyha M., J Therm Anal Calorim., 2006;
85(1):157–164.
[6] Marcilla A., García A.N., León M., Martínez P.,
Bañón E., J Anal Appl Pyrol., 2011; 92:194–201.
[7] Lodowska J., Wolny D., Kurkiewicz S., Węglarz L.,
Sci World J., 2012 Article ID 162406, DOI:10.1100/
2012/162406.
[8] Miles C. A., Burjanadze T. V., Bailey A. J., J. Mol.
Biol., 1995; 245:437-446.
[9] Wright N. T., Humphrey D. J., Annu. Rev. Biomed.
Engn., 2002; 4:109-128.
[10] Badea E., Della Gatta G., Usacheva T. Polym
Degrad Stabil., 2012; 97:346-353.
[11] Brebu M., Spiridon I., J Anal Appl Pyrol, 2011;
91:288–295.
[12] Cucos A., Budrugeac P., Miu L., Mitrea S., Sbarcea
G., Thermochim Acta, 2011; 516:19–28.
contract no. 16/2011 (4280/2011)
National projects
Scientific and Technology Park „International Green Innovation
Park” – a new organizational model to incubation and support of
innovative companies
On October 9, 2013, took place the first meeting
of the founding members of Scientific and Technology
Park „International Green Innovation Park - IGIP”. The
meeting took place in Bucharest, under the patronage
of the General Association of the Engineers in Romania
(AGIR). The meeting was chaired by Their Excellencies,
Mr. President, Prof. Mihai Mihăiţă and Mr. Vice
President of the Academy of Technical Sciences of
Romania, Prof. Florin Teodor Tănăsescu.
Administrator: Prof. Dr. Phys. Wilhelm Kappel
Executive Director: Dr. Eng. Gimi A. Rîmbu, mobile
0755 015 613
e-mail: gimi.rimbu@icpe-ca.ro
Scientific and Technology Park IGIP is a RomanianChinese initiative to develop a framework for bilateral
cooperation as viable mechanism for development and
economic advancement, which can lead to progress
and social welfare in the short and medium term,
while providing a large number of jobs. IGIP Park was
established to promote the use of research results, the
application of advanced technologies in the economy
and to increase the participation of institutions of higher
education and research in the social and economic
development through science and technology.
This initiative was approved by the Order no.
4901MD of 27/08/2013, of the Minister Delegate for
Higher Education, Scientific Research and Technological
Development, at the request of the founding members:
National Institute for R&D in Electrical Engineering
ICPE-CA, City Hall Avrig and Chinese partner Beijing
Chengtong Reorient Investment Consultancy Co. Ltd.
The purpose of the meeting was to establish
future directions for specific action, while considering
the available of resources required infrastructure
construction and possible financial mechanisms to
be involved. IGIP will focus on development and
presentation of sustainable high-tech solutions, but
also aims to achieve a nationally exclusive mandate
for developing, testing and demonstrating the latest
technologies in the field. During the meeting it was
considered in the following areas:
- joint identification and development of projects
in the fields of: research and innovation, environmental
protection, wastewater treatment technologies, energy
efficient buildings, waste management, smart grids,
smart cities, clean transport, new energy technologies
and new materials;
- providing a platform for the Romanian and
Chinese companies, for project development, testing
and experiments.
Can say that the AGIR working meeting had a
special significance in the bilateral relations, with
significant economic influences; the Chinese founder
presented as intention an investment of 1 million Euros
in the first 2 years of Park development, while planning
attract of investment funds up to 50 million Euro in the
next five years, from various companies in China.
IGIP Park aims to implement a new organizational
model for incubating and supporting the development
of innovative companies. The traditional model requires
sustained support from the state and preferential
policies, so in the first stage to make large-scale
investments in the development of fixed assets and
their management. So, the Park development is based
on the investment in fixed assets.
The IGIP model has as priority the project development
in collaboration with incubated companies. The new
Park is not based on public investment and also does
not require in the first stage the major investments in
the development of fixed assets. Depending on the
characteristics and needs of projects, there are used
local and private resources. The goal is to develop
a model of opened Park in Romania, which can be
expanded nationwide. This experimental and innovative
model is adapted to the concrete need for economic
development in Romania.
The new model of Park, first of all, corresponds to
the situation in Romania and the needs of sustainable
development; secondly, based on the project, identify
local partners, stimulating economic development and
creating jobs in the different areas of the country.
Besides of support services in the fields of science
and technology, the IGIP park aims to provide
institutionalized services for state and private companies,
using a variety of financial instruments including direct
lending to projects, consultancy in investment, advice
on corporate restructuring, management services for
asset and stock exchange listing.
IGIP Park is administered by “IGIP Park Management
Company” Ltd. („Societatea de Administrare a Parcului
IGIP” SRL), established in Romania, Bucharest, District
3, 313 Splaiul Unirii, inside of INCDIE ICPE‑CA,
registered at the Bucharest Trade Register Office, no.
J40/7858/2013, C.U.I. RO31886307.
National projects
National projects
Analysis Renergy Rating:
The involvement of Community
ABSTRACT
This Report presents the conclusions and socioeconomic profile, technical analysis and summarizes
the findings from the survey of the community
involvement in improving sustainable energy use in
Avrig city, Sibiu County.
Renergy project in order to get a better understanding
of awareness of energy efficiency, renewable energy
consumption and property types. 100 questionnaires
were distributed to residents, 26 have been completed
and has resulted a rate of response 26%. The next
section of this report highlights the survey results.
Introduction
This report was prepared by Alecuşan Florin on behalf
of Avrig City Hall. Its purpose is to supply information
necessary for Avrig City Hall in order to make an analysis
of self-assessment in connection with community
involvement - thematic Renergy project - and case
study of Avrig city. Energy surveys were distributed
to residents of the Avrig city in September 2012 for
Staff project
Eng. Alecușan Florin Vasile – project responsible
RESULTS
For achieving this report was very important
to complete the questionnaires by individuals and
businesses to be able to reach a conclusion regarding
the community involvement in improving energy use.
QUESTIONNAIRES
Section 1 - Awareness of energy efficiency (EE) and Renewable Energy Sources (RES)
1. Which one the following conditions are aware?
Are aware of the following
formulations
Climate change /
global warming
Sustainable
development
Energy efficiency
Renewable energy
very aware
little
18
8
4
13
11
12
13
13
not
know
Do you understand what is
suggested by the following
good sligh
understanding tly
Understanding
low
Is this aspect considered important
by society
high
importance
Not
sure
25
1
19
7
9
4
13
9
7
19
2
1
11
11
13
13
2
2
25
18
1
8
This table demonstrates a high level of awareness
of the terms with more awareness of climate change
/ global warming and the awareness of sustainable
development. Awareness of energy efficiency is slightly
higher than renewable energy. This table demonstrates
a high level of understanding among respondents
with the exception of sustainable development in
which Comprehension is reasonable, but not so big.
Despite less understanding of the term and meaning
of sustainable development, respondents admit that
sustainable development is very important to tackle.
2. What is your opinion to the following forms of
renewable energy sources and systems as alternatives
to fossil fuels (gas, oil, coal)?
Answers to these questions demonstrate a high
It is not
important
level of support among respondents for: thermal solar
(hot water), photovoltaic solar (electricity), geothermal
energy, wind energy, hydro energy, biomass energy,
tidal energy and waste incineration. There is a large
opposition regarding nuclear energy. The only options
that have no opposition are wind energy, thermal
solar energy (hot water), photovoltaic solar energy
(electricity), geothermal and cogeneration of electricity
and heat. Subjects reported a relatively high level of
‘No opinions’ on the tidal energy, cogeneration system
of electricity and thermal production combined with
heat and heating system. This may indicate that there
is little understanding of these systems and how they
work in practice.
3. Do you have sufficient information on renewable
National projects
sources of energy and efficient energy use?
Responses to this question show that the
respondents do not have sufficient information on the
efficient use of the energy and the SRE.
4. Do you need more information about renewable
energy options?
The results from the above question shows that
most respondents do not had enough information
about renewable energy and efficient energy use and
they wanted more information.
5. From what sources you informed of RES and
EE?
To this question most respondents obtain information
from the media and on the internet.
6. Are you interested about renewable energy and
energy efficiency practices?
Responses to this question show that all respondents
have some level of interest in renewable energy and
energy efficiency measures. Levels of interest in energy
efficiency measures are slightly lower.
7. Do you think the technologies used for energy
efficiency are an effective way to reduce CO2
emissions?
8. Do you think the technologies used for energy
efficiency are an effective method to reduce electricity
bills?
Responses to this question show that most
respondents consider that energy efficiency is an
effective way to reduce carbon emissions and reduce
electricity bills.
9. On a scale of 1-5, with 5 being most important,
how important it is to reduce the consumption of
energy?
This question shows that most respondents admit
the importance of reducing electricity consumption.
10. Do you agree with the following statements?
I agree
Is the important to save energy in buildings old and new
26
Renewable technologies should be incorporated into every new building
(and buildings under construction)
The payback period is very important for the implementation of energy
saving measures
Renewable energy sources should be a priority in every city
RES and EE are best addressed at the community level
17
This table demonstrates a high level in terms of saving
energy of old and new buildings as well as payback
period; also a large number of respondents considered
that the RES would need to be a priority in every city.
Section 2 – Energy consumption
1. Do you installed or want to install the following
equipment and technology in your home?
This question shows that most respondents have
central heating, gas cooking stoves, gas cooking oven
and fitted double glazing and thermostatic controls.
These already demonstrated that a high number of
respondents have taken action EE and low number of
subjects claim that would takes these action listed.
Buying the light bulbs, appliances with energy class A
and wall insulation in the future, is quite high among the
subjects. Regarding the appetite for alternative energy
sources, respondents are most interested in installing
solar panels and solar water for heating panels.
2. If you have had any renewable energy system
installed on your property which is your opinion about
25
16
7
I do not
agree
Not sure
9
1
6
10
13
this?
Responses to this question show a large number of
respondents who do not have a system EE.
3. You are aware of the barriers that prevent the
installation of the above options on your property?
The responses show that the biggest obstacle is the
cost reported among respondents. Most respondents
considered that regulations on spatial planning are
an obstacle for the installation of renewable energy
sources.
4. The purchase a house / building for business
would be more likely to buy a home with facilities for
renewable energy?
To this question it shows that most respondents would
be more likely to buy a home with renewable energy
installations.
5. What type of fuel do you use for the following
domestic and how often?
To this question it shows that the majority of
National projects
respondents always use gas for heating their property.
Only a small percentage of respondents always use
wood / solid fuel. Respondents do not report using
diesel oil or gasoline.
Section 3 –Your property
1. Please circle the type of use and size (if you known) of the your property
Individual
residence
(household)
13
Apartment with
separate rooms
10
Higher
200 m3
12
Office
1
Production
Company
1
Service sector: Store
/ Restaurant
1
Other (please specify)
Apartment with
non-separate
rooms
100-200 m3
13
Veranda
Apartment
10
50-100 m3
1
Under 50 m3
The above table shows that a large number of
respondents living in households or apartments. Most
respondents live in a property with other people.
1. How is your property built?
To this question the subjects demonstrates that they
are living in a property built of brick or concrete.
There is a slightly majority among respondents that
the property is built of brick (solid wall), followed by
property owners who have property built of concrete.
2. Which is the age your property?
To this survey were attended respondents having
properties with age between 35-40 years, but it is well
known that in Avrig city are quite many properties with
age around 100 years.
3. Do you want to be informed about the project
RENERGY?
Responses to this question demonstrate that a
large number of respondents request information
and consultation, but there are a similar number
of respondents who would RENERGY information
on the project.
CONCLUSIONS
• Respondents had a high level of awareness of the
issues and recognition of its importance;
• Respondents had a high level of interest in RE and
EE;
• Respondents reported a relatively high level of EE to
take action, but recognize that energy efficiency levels
could be further improved;
• The respondents reported a low level of acceptance
of the RE measures;
• Subjects are most interested in solar photovoltaic
panels, solar panels for water heating;
• Respondents consider the cost as the greatest
obstacle to install RE and EE measures;
• Respondents have a low awareness of subsidies /
grants available;
• Most respondents would like more information and
advice on RE and EE.
The research was financed by the Renergy Programme
- Regional strategies for energy efficient communities,
contract no. 71 / 4.01.2013 (1069/2013).
National projects
Services for execution of three phase high speed induction motor
Beneficiary: MICROFIR Tehnologii Industriale SRL - Republica Moldova (MICROFIR Industrial Technologies – Moldova)
National Institute for R&D in Electrical Engineering
ICPE-CA developed through the ECCE Department
(Efficiency in Energy Conversion and Consumption) a
series of 5 electric three phase high speed induction
motors, 56 overall size, for MICROFIR Industrial
Technologies –Moldova.
These products comply with all applicable norms and
the provisions of the quality management system
ISO 9001:2008 and Environmental Management
System ISO 14001:2004 certified by SRAC no.
594/4, respectively no.45/3 and were delivered with
associated inverters enabling their operation at a speed
of 24,000 rpm.
The inverters were set to meet the requirement of
the beneficiary and subsequent operating conditions.
The equipment’s were delivered together with the
technical manual, declaration of conformity and
bulletin for electrical and thermal measurements, and
also regarding the rotors balancing procedures. The
products have undergone specific test program for
induction electrical machines and corresponded to
user requirements.
Technical data of the product:
- rated voltage: 3x230 V;
- supply voltage frequency: 400 Hz;
- rated speed: 24000 rpm;
- insulation class: F;
Fig. 2. Images captured during test with
thermal imaging camera
The team that has participated in for the contract
achievement:
Dr. Eng. Popescu Mihail, IDT II – contract responsible
Dr. Eng. Nicolaie Sergiu, IDT I
Dr. Eng. Pîslaru – Dănescu Lucian, IDT II
PhDs Eng. Chihaia Rareș – Andrei, ASC
Techn. Sorescu Florea
Techn. Miu Marius
Contract no. 34/2013
Fig. 1. Three phase high speed induction motor,
56 overall size
National projects
Selective recycling of electronic waste
INTRODUCTION
The study covers aspects regarding the evaluation
of the technical requirements to recycle non metallic
component from electronic waste and critical
investigation on the current state of art and prospects
in developing new markets for raw materials obtained
through innovative recycling. It was followed:
1. Electronic waste component, specifying the
impact of non-metallic component.
2. Evaluation of technical requirements for recycling
electronic waste non-metallic component.
3. Technological possibilities of non-metallic
component separating from electronic waste in two
selective streams, corresponding to two types of highvalue market raw materials.
Project Staff
Dr. Eng. Caramitu Alina Ruxandra - contract
responsible
Dr. Eng. Lucaci Mariana
Eng. Mitrea Sorina
I. Electronic waste component. The impact of nonmetallic component
1.1. Electronic waste in Europe
Within European Union, is estimated that every
human bean produces every year around 17-20 kg of
electronic waste (according to the MMGA).
1.2. Electronic waste in Germany
DEEE component: Electrical Goods, cooling equipment,
vacuum cleaners, office and telecommunications
equipment, audio and video electronics, TV.
Total DEEE in 2005: 1.089.000 t
DEEE per inhabitant: 13.41 kg
DEEE composition reported in 2005 is presented in
Figure 1 below:
1.3. Electronic waste in Romania
New strategy for waste management in Romania
proposes measures to ensure the transition from the
current model of development based on production and
consumption, to the model based on waste prevention
and use of materials recovery industry, thus ensuring
the preservation of national natural resources. In this
context, special attention should be paid to the waste
arising from electrical and electronic equipment. [1].
According to EU requirements, Romania has
committed that, since 2008, to collect annually 4 kg
per inhabitant of waste from electrical and electronic
equipment, which represents an amount of approx.
84,000 t annually (for a population of 21,698,000
inhabitants) but also costs of around 175€ per tonne
of waste recycled and processed (a considerable
amount for the Romanian economy).
1.3.1. Large household appliances
In this category are included: refrigerators and the
like, washing machines and dishwashers, cookers,
stoves and hotplates, heaters and other household
appliances
1.3.2. IT and telecommunications Equipment
In this category are included:
a. data processing equipment (CPU, minicomputers,
printers)
b. Personal computer (desktop, notebook, office
electronics, photocopiers etc.)
c. terminals and users systems (fax, telex, phones
and other products of transmitting sound, images and
information).
1.3.3. Consumer equipment
This group includes: television, radio, video, audio
and other equipment for recording or reproducing
sound and images, etc.
Table 1 below contains a summary of data on the
endowment with durable electric and electronic goods,
Fig. 1. DEEE composition in Germany in 2005
National projects
of the Romanian population during 2007-2010, data
released by the National Institute of Statistics [2]
Table 1
No. of pieces / 100 households
Equipment
Audio
Televisions
Refrigerators
and the like
Washing
machines
Vacuum
cleaners
Year
2007
86,1
124,1
Year
2008
86,1
132,0
Year
2009
85,2
134,2
Year
2010
82,7
138,4
116.8
119.9
121.3
121.1
67,1
70,8
73,9
75,3
55,1
58,
61,7
63,8
1.4. Electronic waste component. The impact of nonmetallic component
1.4.1 Electronic waste component
Electronic waste includes complex and special
components, which involves the compliance with
specific requirements (as is shown in the Figure 2
below):
.
Fig.3. WEEE classification
1.4.3. Impact of non-metallic component (Fig. 4)
Plastics represent the major component of nonmetallic electrical and electronic waste and are, in
terms of quantity, the second constituent existing in
WEEE (about 21%).
In electrical and electronic equipments, are used
very often plastics like: styrene (ABS, ASA, SAN, PS,
HIPS) and polypropylene (PP) which represent about
70% on total used plastics.
In these conditions, those polymers must be
considered like a priority within the efforts for plastic
recycling from WEEE.
Fig.2. Metallic component of CI
1.1.2. Electronic waste classification
Department of Trade and Industry (DCI) in the UK
have played a major role in the development and
implementation of the WEEE Directive. DCI’s web site
includes a non-statutory guidance document for WEEE.
The following decision tree is taken from the notes of
guidance and it is useful to determine if your product
is covered by WEEE (Figure 3 below):
Glass: represents 5.4% form the total weight of
WEEE, about 90% of glass 90% coming from cathode
ray tubes (TV’s and monitors).
Barriers to WEEE recycling glass from:
• variations in the composition of the glass;
• limited request.
Potential uses of glass:
• CRT Recycling;
• glass recycling; separation of lead from glass and reusing of glass;
• decorative, glazes for ceramics, glass bricks, glass
X-ray protection shields.
National projects
Fig. 4. Types and structure of plastics from WEEE
2. Technical requirements for recycling of nonmetallic component from WEEE
WEEE Directive is based on art. 175 of the Treaty.
The European Member States may adopt stricter
measures for environmental protection, as long as
these measures are in accordance with Community
legislation (such as the free movement of goods
laid down in art. 28-30 of the Treaty). Annex IA of
the WEEE Directive contains a list of categories of
products covered, and Annex IB a list of products in
these categories. Since this list is not exhaustive, if
they so decide, Member States may include also in
national legislation other products implementing the
WEEE Directive. Purpose of the Directive is primarily
to prevent WEEE, and in addition, to promote the
reuse, recycling and other forms of recovery in order
to reduce the disposal of waste. The Directive also
aims to improve the environmental performance of all
operators involved in the life cycle of electrical and
electronic equipment, e.g. producers, distributors and
consumers and in particular those operators directly
involved in the treatment of WEEE.
The RoHS Directive is based on Art. 95 of the
Treaty. The aim of this Directive is to harmonize the
legislation of the Member States in order to limit the
using of dangerous substances in EEE and to protect
the health and recovery / disposal of waste electrical
and electronic equipment.
3. Technological possibilities for separation of WEEE
non metallic component by two raw materials selected
feeds (corresponding of two kinds of high market value
raw materials)
3.1. Electronic waste non-metallic component
separation technologies
3.2. Improving the processing technologies
4. CONCLUSIONS
Preventive action is one of the principles underlying
the Emergency Ordinance no.195/2005 regarding
the environmental protection, Directive 2008/98/EC
on waste (transposed into national law by the Law
no.211/2011 regarding the waste hierarchy and showing
which “applies as order of priority legislation and policy
on waste prevention and waste management, such
as: prevention, preparation for re-use, recycling, other
recovery, e.g. energy recovery and disposal”).
In this respect, new strategy on waste management
in Romania proposes the measures to ensure the
transition from the current model of development
based on production and consumption to the model
based on waste prevention and use of raw materials
issued from recovery industry. According to Annex of
HG 448/2005, electrical and electronic equipment are
classified in 10 categories. Of these, in the present
study, were selected for analysis three categories
considered as representative (in terms of importance
and share in number and weight): large households,
telecommunications equipment and consumer goods.
4.1. The results of the analysis regarding population
endowment with electrical and electronic equipment
(which provides implicit information on results of EEE
waste) indicated the following:
- Evolution of the electrical and electronic equipment
endowment of Romania population had varying trends
in the last decade, with periods of growth until 2010
and drops due to economic crisis.
- Regardless of the analyzed period, the endowment
continues to be well below the average of other
European countries or the U.S., due both to the fact
that EEE’s are used much more than the average
duration of use declared by the manufacturer and the
inability to achieve a collection rate close to 100% of
waste from EEE in households. Under these conditions,
the potential collection of WEEE is less than 3.75 kg
/ capita and year (amount calculated for a maximum
potential of approx. 30 Kg EEE per capita according to
national statistics).
4.2. Electronic waste contain a rate of approx. 50
% ferrous metals , iron and steel (with high potential
for recovery and recycling) and approx. 13 % ferrous
metals (Cu, Al, Pb) and precious metals (Ag, Au, Pt,
Pd). An important component is also represented by
printed circuits which are the most complex parts of
EEE. Although only handle approx. 3% of the total
weight of WEEE, this component creates problems
regarding waste management and possibilities of
recycling.
4.3. Plastics represent the major non-metallic
component of electronic waste and is, in terms of
quantity, the second constituent existing in WEEE
(about 21%). The next place in the non-metallic
component is represented by glass (about 5.4 of
the total weight of WEEE). These components raise
questions about recycling due to mixtures of different
materials, contamination and low price (if plastic)
or due to compositional variations (if glass) and low
demand in the market.
4.4. EEE which can be recycled is contained in
specific legislation. Thus, according to HG 448/2005,
the categories of electrical and electronic equipment
that can be recycled are: large and small household,
IT and telecommunications equipment, lighting
equipment, consumer equipment, electrical and
electronic tools (with except large-scale stationary
industrial tools), toys, leisure and sports equipment,
medical devices (with the exception of all implanted
and infected products), monitoring and control
instruments, automatic dispensers.
National projects
4.5. Non-metallic components of WEEE can be
recycled under the WEEE Directive, RoHS Directive
and International Treaties (allowing harmonization
of legislation of Member States to limit the use of
hazardous substances in EEE and contributing to the
health and recovery and disposal of electrical and
electronic waste).
4.6. Collection of WEEE should take into account
their origin (from private households - individuals
or from other sources than private households businesses). For each source, there are specific
methods of collection which include among others:
selective collection by the local government, the
return of WEEE by final holders directly to authorized
entity for collecting and treating these types of waste,
dismantling equipment by employees of the point of
collection right on the spot; return of WEEE by the
economic final owner directly at the point of collection,
replacement by distributor of WEEE with new products
at the premises of the economic agent and the return
of arising WEEE at the point of collection.
4.7. There are various specific methods for
recycling non-metallic component from EEE, methods
applied in specialized units for these operations. In the
paper are presented in detail two such technologies,
namely: “technology to recover metals and plastics
from waste of IT and telecommunications equipment”
and “materials recovery technology from the
monitors”. These technologies involve steps such as:
decontamination, dismantling, sorting, separation and
processing, followed by the election of machinery for
recovery of components.
The costs of this activity (collection and treatment
of waste from electrical and electronic equipment)
usually consist of: collection costs (transport+ handling
costs); treatment costs; costs of sorting, dismantling
costs, disposal costs through storage, communication
costs etc.
REFERENCES
[1] National Strategy for waste management –
Environament Ministry – April 2012
[2] Romania in numbers- National Institute of
Statistics - 2011
[3] Ziare.com /16.08.2012
[4] Metals and plastics recovering technology from
WEEE - project CEEX 113
[5] Recovering technology from the monitors- Dan
Georgescu, Nicolae Tomuş, Zlăgnean Marius, Liliana
Ciobanu – Workshop “Impact of Community-AQ on
equipment and environmental technologies ” – Agigea,
August 2012
The research was funded by the Sectoral Operational
Programme “Increase of Economic Competitiveness”
POS, Priority Axis 2: Research, Technological
Development and Innovation for Competitiveness,
Key Area of Intervention 2.3. - Access to RDI
activities of enterprises (especially SMEs), Operation
2.3.3: Promoting innovation in enterprises, contract
460/03.04.2013 (1070/2013).
National projects
Determination of physical, chemical and micro-mechanical
properties of powders
INTRODUCTION
Within the contract, were been performed tests
regarding physical, chemical and micro-mechanical
properties of powders. The samples, making available
by beneficiary after mixing 4 hours at 850 rot/min, come from electronic waste and were been coded like
Sample 1, Sample 2 and Sample 3. The tests were: TG-DSC analysis, density, Vickers
hardness, chemical elemental analysis using X-Ray
fluorescence spectrometry and energy dispersive
micro-probe techniques.
Project Staff
Dr. Eng. Caramitu Alina Ruxandra, IDT I – contract
responsible
Dr. Eng. Lucaci Mariana, CS I
Dr. Phys. Sbârcea Beatrice Gabriela, CS
Dr. Eng. Ion Ioana, CS III
Dr. Eng. Tsakiris Violeta, CS II
Dr. Eng. Phys. Pătroi Delia, IDT III
PhDs. Eng. Phys. Marinescu Virgil, CS
Dr. Eng. Lungu Magdalena, CS II
Assistant Eng. Hajdu Carmen
EXPERIMEMNTS
1. Density
1.1. Density of powder
The measurement was realized according to SR ISO
3923-1 and SR ISO 3923-2 standards. In the Figure 1
below, is presented the procedure for determining the
powder density, while in Figure 2 are presented the
results.
Fig. 2. Comparative values of the density for the
analyzed samples
1.2. Density after pressing
In this case, the density was measured after pressing
at room temperature, at 3.5 tf, only for the Sample
no.1.
The pressed sample has the following dimensions:
d=1.2cm, r=0.6 cm, h=2.2x10-1cm and the weight is
0.51g. The calculated volume is V=πr2h=0.2486cm3,
so the calculated density is ρ=2.05 g/cm3. The
obtained value indicates an increase in density with
1.39 units after pressing, compared with powder
density (0.66 g/ cm3).
2. Thermal analysis
2.1. Thermal conductivity
The measurement was performed only for Sample
no.1, after pressing. The obtained results at room temperature indicate
the value of thermal diffusivity α= 0.178 [mm2/s],
thermal conductivity λ=0,355 [W/mK] and specific
heat Cp=0.376 J/g/C.
2.2. Thermogravimetric and dynamic diferential
calorimetric analysis (TG-DSC)
Analysis were been realized on TG-DSC Analyzer
type STA 449 F3 Jupiter, NETZSCH, Germany,
according to ASTM E831-2006.
In the Figures 3, 4 and 5 below are presented the
TG-DSC curves for all samples:
Fig.1. Determination of powder density
National projects
Fig. 3. TG-DSC curve for powder “Sample 1”
Fig. 4. TG-DSC curve for powder “Sample 2”
mass loss of 2.49%) and a decomposition reaction at
374.3°C with mass loss of 2.49%. Over 600oC, the
powder mixture is pre sintered, undergoing very slight
compaction.
In the case of Sample 2:
TG curve (continuous green line) indicates five mass
loss of: 10.88% (25–400oC), 9.91% (400-480oC),
7.80% (480-720oC), 6.89% (720-790oC) and 2.47%
(790-900oC). The total mass loss is 37.89% across
the entered studied temperature interval (25-900oC).
In association with the variation of DTG curve (dashed
green line), on DSC curve (continuous blue line)
can be observed more endothermic decomposition
phenomena of the polymeric material revealed at
certain temperatures, depending on the considered
heterogeneous material. The most striking processes
of decomposition of oxides, were recorded at 358.3°,
454.9° and 774.5° for which values were higher
enthalpies: 37.23 /g, 86.93J/g and 103.9J/g.
Were recorded also more endothermic decomposition
phenomena of the oxides across the entered studied
temperature interval (25-900oC), on TG curve been
identified the related mass loss. Can be observe
equally, two decomposition processes of the polymeric
material at maximum temperatures of 457.7°C and
760oC respectively, with values of enthalpies of 40.41
J/g and 11.04 J/g.
3. Chemical analysis
3.1 Chemical elemental analysis by X-Ray
fluorescence spectrometry technique
Powder composition is represented by a mixture of
elements/metallic oxides: Fe2O3, SiO2, Br, CuO, CaO,
PbO, SnO2, BaO, NiO, ZrO2, ZnO, Cr2O3, in a total
concentration of around 78%, the remainder to 100%
being the polymeric component.
In the Figure 6 below is showed the experimental
spectrum obtained for sample 1:
Fig. 5 TG-DSC curve for powder “Sample 3”
TG curve (continuous green line) indicates three
mass loss of: 11.07% (25–350oC), 2.49% (350460oC) and 5.09% (460-800oC). The total mass loss
is 18.55% across the entired studied temperature
interval (25-800oC).
On DSC curve (continuous blue line) can be
observed a small phase transformation (at 84.8oC),
followed by a polymer melting endotherm process
(at 182.1oC), a strong reactive oxidation in two steps
(exothermic process), possibly arising due to the
existence of oxygen in the material, with a maximum
at 290.7°C and 307.4°C (green dotted line correlated
with corresponding derivative of mass loss DTG and
Fig. 6. XRF spectrum for powder “Sample 1”
National projects
Powder composition is represented by a mixture
of metallic oxides: CaO, CuO, SiO2, SnO2, Fe2O3 PbO,
BaO, Br, Cr2O3, ZnO, NiO, ZrO2, SrO, Ag, K2O, MnO, in
a total concentration of around 98%, the remainder to
100% being the polymeric component.
Fig. 9. Comparative chemical composition of powder
“Sample 1”
metallic oxides: CaO, Fe2O3, CuO, SiO2, SnO2, PbO,
BaO, Br, Cr2O3, ZnO, MnO, NiO, ZrO2, SrO, Ag, in a
total concentration of around 98%, the remainder to
“Sample 2”
“Sample 3”
3.2 Chemical elemental analysis using energy
dispersive micro-probe technique [5]
The analysis revealed the presence of the same main
elements identified by X-ray spectrometry technique.
The differences identified in composition
confirmed the high degree of non-homogeneity of
the samples.
In the Figures 9, 10 and 11 below are presented
the experimental spectra (results) for all samples, in
different points:
4. Micro-mechanical tests
Pressing and sintering
In order to determine the hardness, the powder
samples were been pressed and sintered
Pressing was made a two force values: 3,5tf and
5tf. The sintering process was conducted at high
temperature (1000oC) on a „Spark Plasma sintering
system HP D5” (fig. 12 a), resulting the pressed
samples (like in the fig. 12 b):
National projects
Fig. 12.a. Spark Plasma sintering system HP D5. b. sintered sample
The hardness test were realized only for powder
„Sample 1”, according to SREN ISO 6507-1, 4/2006
[6], the average value being 11.48 kgf/mm2.
CONCLUSIONS
Within the contract, were been performed tests
regarding physical, chemical and micro-mechanical
properties of some powders resulting from electronic
waste.
The tests were:
•
Determination of density:
density of free powders were established according
to SR ISO 3923-1[1] and SR ISO 3923-2 [2 ] at
0.66g/cm3
•
TG-DSC analysis
TG curve indicates three mass loss of: 11.07% (25–
350oC), 2.49% (350-460oC) and 5.09% (460-800oC).
The total mass loss is 18.55 % across the entered
studied temperature interval (25-800oC).
On DSC curve can be observed a small phase
transformation (at 84.8oC), followed by a polymer
melting endotherm process (at 182.1oC), a strong
reactive oxidation in two steps (exothermic process),
possibly arising due to the existence of oxygen in the
material, with a maximum at 290.7°C and 307.4°C
and a decomposition reaction at 374.3°C with mass
loss of 2.49%. Over 600oC, the powder mixture is pre
sintered, undergoing very slight compaction.
TG curve indicates five mass loss of: 10.88% (25–
400oC), 9.91% (400-480oC), 7.80% (480-720oC),
6.89% (720-790oC) and 2.47% (790-900oC). The
total mass loss is 37.89% across the entered studied
temperature interval (25-900oC). In association with the
variation of DTG curve, on DSC curve can be observed
more endothermic decomposition phenomena of the
polymeric material revealed at certain temperatures,
depending on the considered heterogeneous material.
The most striking processes of decomposition of
oxides were recorded at 358.3°, 454.9° and 774.5°
for which values were higher enthalpies: 37.23 J/g,
86.93 J/g and 103.9 J/g.
It were recorded also more endothermic
decomposition phenomena of the oxides across the
entered studied temperature interval (25-900oC), on
TG curve been identified the related mass loss. It can
be observe equally, two decomposition processes
of the polymeric material at maximum temperatures
of 457.7°C and 760oC respectively, with values of
enthalpies of 40.41J/g and 11.04J/g.
•
Chemical elemental analysis by X-Ray
fluorescence spectrometry technique
elements/metallic oxides: Fe2O3, SiO2, Br, CuO, CaO,
PbO, SnO2, BaO, NiO, ZrO2, ZnO, Cr2O3, in a total
concentration of around 78%, the remainder to 100%
being the polymeric component.
Powder composition is represented by a mixture
of metallic oxides: CaO, CuO, SiO2, SnO2, Fe2O3 PbO,
BaO, Br, Cr2O3, ZnO, NiO, ZrO2, SrO, Ag, K2O, MnO, in
a total concentration of around 98%, the remainder to
metallic oxides: CaO, Fe2O3, CuO, SiO2, SnO2, PbO,
BaO, Br, Cr2O3, ZnO, MnO, NiO, ZrO2, SrO, Ag, in a
total concentration of around 98%, the remainder to
•
Chemical elemental analysis using energy
dispersive micro-probe technique The analysis revealed the presence of the same main
elements identified by X-ray spectrometry technique.
The differences identified in composition confirmed
the high degree of non-homogeneity of the samples
•
Micro-mechanical tests
- the pressing and sintering processes were performed
only for the powder „Sample1”, at two forces, been
obtained some sintered sample at 1000oC;
- the Vickers hardness was measured only on the
sintered sample (from Sample 1), the average value
being 11.48 kgf/mm2.
REFERENCES
[1] SR ISO 3923-1
[2] SR ISO 3923-2
[3] SREN ISO 6507-1, 4 / 2006
[4] SR EN 13925-1,2/2003
[5] Workstation Auriga SmartSEM V05.04 Manual
The experiments were performed under the Contract
no. 1071/2013
Beneficiary: SC ALL GREEN SRL
International projects
Mini-supercapacitors technology based on hybrid CNT/CNF electroactive polymer networks
SUMMARY
The present paper corresponds to stage „Development
of 3D CNT/CNF active carbonic structures” from
project „Mini-supercapacitors technology, based on
hybrid CNT/CNF - electroactive polymer networks”.
Chapter I presents:
• Introductive study
Chapter II includes:
• Description of papers related to „Development
of 3D CNT/CNF active carbonic structures” ;
Chapter III includes:
• Description of papers related to „Advanced
micro-mechanical
characterization
of
conductive polymer electrodes/CNT/CNF
dependent on morphology, architecture and
covering conditions.”;
Chapter IV includes:
• Description of papers related to „Electrochemical
activity test related with different electrolytes
by voltammetry and potentiometry.”
INTRODUCTION
The most recent directions in supercapacitors field
focus on developing supercapacitors based on CNT and
their composites. Thus, possibilities of supercapacitors
stability and capacity growth by using CNT composites
type CNT/oxides CNT/polymer are studied worldwide.
Structural, electrical and mechanical characteristics
of carbon nanotubes [1-3] determined the enhanced
interest for using them as electrode materials
[4-7]. Development of new composite materials
by incorporating CNT in active phases with
pseudocapacitive properties (oxides, polymers) led to
new generations of supercapacitors [8-11]. Supercapacitors
based
on
polymer/CNT
composites
Conductive polymers exhibit the following
advantages as supercapacitos materials:
- high specific capacitance because the loading
process involves the entire mass;
- high conductivity in loaded state.
The main disadvantage of using polymers in
supercapacitors is the cycling stability due to
contraction and appearance of crevices and cracks
during further cycles. This disadvantage can be
prevented by introducing CNT inside polymer, such
composite electrode materials having the advantage
that the mesoporous network achieved by attaching
the CNT into the polymer can adapt to volume
changes [12]. This forbids the appearance of crevices leading to increased stability of cycling capacity. In this
context, the purpose of this paper consists in obtaining
conductive polymeric coatings of 3D CNT structures
obtained by CVD for achieving conductive electrodes
used
in
mini-supercapacitors,
micromechanical
characterization of the achieved electrodes in terms of
morphology, architecture and covering conditions and
their electrochemical activity test. Project research team
Dr. Eng. Adela Băra, CS II – manager project
Dr. Eng. Mihai Iordoc, CS
Dr. Eng. Paula Prioteasa, CS
Eng. Phys. Cristian Morari, CS
Dr. Eng. Dragoş Ovezea, CS
Dr. Eng. Magdalena Lungu, CS II
Dr. Eng. Cristina Banciu, CS III
Dr. Eng. Alina Caramitu, IDT I
Dr. Eng. Elena Chiţanu, CS
Techn. Dorina Vlad
EXPERIMENTS
The achievement of hybrid polymer-carbon
structures was aimed by carrying out electroactive
polymeric coatings of 3D CNT/CNF carbonic structures
electrochemically, by electropolymerization, using
CNT networks obtained by CVD method previously
presented. As an alternative to 3D carbonic structures
obtained by CVD growth, experiments for achieving
conductive polymeric coatings were carried out from
monomers solutions containing carbon nanotubes.
3D CNT networks were obtained by CVD growth on
silicon substate (100) type n, with catalyst layer based
on iron or nickel, carried out by e-beam method. During
the experimental process of CNT growth by CVD
method, C2H4 was used as carbon gaseous source. The conductive polymeric coatings achievement
experiments were carried out by using a Voltalab 40
potentiostat/galvanostat. The technique used was
cyclic voltammetry. Pyrrol electropolymerization was
carried out by potentiostat cycling (50 succesive
cycles) between 0.2- 0.85V/SCE, at a scanning speed
of 20mV/s.
Table 1. Samples obtained by polypyrrole covering by
cyclic voltammetry by potential cycling between 0.20.85V/SCE, at a scanning speed of 20mV/s
Sample
Sample
codification
PPy/CNT_A
Substrate
(CNT_ A)
PPy/CNT_B1
CNT_B
PPy/CNT_B2
(PPy+CNT)/B
B
PPy/CNT_C
CNT_C
(PPy+CNT)/C
C
PPy/CNT_D
CNT_D
(PPY+CNT)/D
D
Electrolyte
a
b
Fig. 1. SEM micrography for PPy/CNT_A Sample
magnification:a) 10000x ; b)50000X
Sample description
0,3 M pyrrol in
0,2M oxalic
acid
0,1M pyrrol
in 0,2M
H2SO4
0,3M pyrrol
in 0,2M
oxalic acid
0.1M pyrrol
in 0.2M
H2SO4
+CNT
Polypyrrole covering
on CNT grown by CVD
on silicon in presence
of Fe catalyst;
/ coverage on CNT
grown by CVD on
silicon with SiO2 layer
in presence of Fe
catalyst;
with CNT from pyrrol
solution on silicon
with SiO2 and Fe
layer;
0.3M pyrrol Polypyrrole covering
in 0.2M
on CNT grown by
oxalic acid
CVD on silicon
in presence of Ni
catalyst;
0,1M pyrrol Polypyrrole covering
in 0,2M
H2SO4
solution on silicon
with Ni layer;
0.3M pyrrol Polypyrrole covering
in 0.2M
on CNT by CVD on
oxalic acid silicon with SiO2 layer
in presence of Ni
catalyst;
0,1M Polypyrrole covering
pyrrol
in 0,2M
solution on silicon
H2SO4
with SiO2 and Ni
layer.
Chemical reagents „p.a.” used on electrochemical
polymerization of pyrrol and aniline were:
•Pyrrol, 99% purity (extrapure) purchased from Acros
Organics;
•Sulphuric acid, 98% purity, purchased from SC
Chimreactiv SRL;
•Azotic acid, with a concentration of 67%, purchased
from Chimreactiv Ltd.;
•Oxalic acid, 98% purity, purchased from Reactivul
Bucharest.
All experiments were carried out in stationary
conditions. Pyrrol solutions were prepared before the
beginning of each electrochemical polymerization
and kept in darkness to avoid its air oxidation and
polymerization. To encourage pyrrol dissolution, 3-5
ml of ethanol were added. As a results of the carried
out experiments the samples presented in table 1 were
obtained.
Polypyrrole polymeric coatings were characterized
morpho-structurally by scanning electron microscopy,
using FESEM/FIB/EDS Auriga equipments produced by
Carl Zeiss Germany, with minimal resolution of 1 nm at
15 kV and 1,9 nm at 1 kV, the acceleration voltage of
1-5 kV, the used detector being SESI type (Combined
Secondary Electron Secondary Ion).
a
b
Fig. 2. Channel achieved at surface by scratching
it for PPy/CNT_ A sample: a) 2D image; b) 3D
image
For samples from table 1, after scratch resistance
determination,
the
thickness
and
roughness
determination of the polymeric covering was carried
out with Vyko NT 1100 microscope (white light
interference), by the following methods: VSI (Vertical
Scanning Interferometry) and PSI (Phase Shift
Interferometry). The measurement conditions were:
temperature 24 °C, humidity 76% and the measuring
errors introduced by microscope calibration were of
0,01% for VSI mode and -0,1% for PSI mode. Before
carrying out the determinations, calibration was
achieved.
Fig. 3. PPy/CNT_ A sample profilogram resulted
from selection of a height matrix line
Thickness determination of the conductive layer was
carried out by measuring the difference level between
deposition surface and substrate surface in resulted
channel after scratch resistance determination. Various
profilograms were made by appropriate selection of
heights matrix lines of the surface and the thickness
of the total deposited layer was measured by individual
heights mediation in the deposition area and in the
channel. For a better estimation of deposited layer
height, a histogram of the measured heights was
made and peaks correspondent to height points of the
deposed layer and of the channel, respectively, were
selected.
Electrochemical activity test of electrodes obtained
by CNT networks covering with conductive polymers
was carried out by using a VoltaLab 40 potentiostat/
galvanostat equipment.
a
Table 2. Electrochemical parameters obtained by
cyrcular regression from Nyquist diagrams for
(PPy+CNT)/D sample
Sample
Solution
0,2M
H2SO4
Potential,
mV/SCE
281
550
(PPy+CNT)/D
0,2M
oxalic
acid
401
850
Rs,
Ω*cm2
54,2
1540
51,61
1615
138,6
3606
211,6
750,4
Rp,
Ω*cm2
1558
4888
1580
4498
3460
16520
587,5
3510
C, μF/
cm2
20,42
3255
3,18
3537
2,29
963,1
0,003
0,362
All measurements were carried out at room temperature
(17±3 0C) and atmospheric pressure (1005±5 hPa).
Electrodes test was carried out by the following
methods:
• Open circuit potential (I = 0A);
• Cyclic voltammetry (E = 200 ÷ 850 mV/SCE
with a potential scanning rate of 20mV/s);
• Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (f =
100kHz ÷ 10mHz, at 10mV amplitude);
• Time variation capacity at constant frequency.
b
Fig. 4. Nyquist (a) and Bode (b) diagrams drawn
at stationary potential (281mV/SCE) and 550mV/
SCE in 0,2M H2SO4 solution for (Ppy+CNT)/D
sample
A standard cell with 3 electrodes was used, a platinum
auxiliary electrode, a calomel saturated electrode SCE
and a working electrode, respectively, which was the
tested sample. The electrolytes in which measurements
were carried out were 0,2M H2SO4 and 0,2M oxalic
acid.
Fig. 5. Capacity variation with potential in 0,2M
H2SO4 solution at 48kHz frequency and in 0,2M
oxalic acid solution at 100kHz frequency for
(PPy+CNT)/D sample Fig. 4. show the Nyquist and Bode diagrams for
sample 6 (PPy+CNT)/D in 0,2M H2SO4 solution at
stationary potential (281mV/SCE) and at potential
corresponding to maximum capacities from C =
f(E) diagram (550mV/SCE). In both cases it can
be observed the appearance of a duplex (2 Debye
semicircles, well outlined), corresponding to the answer
given by the appearance of two distinct interfaces.
By circular regression the electrochemical parameters
corrsponding to each Debye semicircle were carried
out and are presented in Table 2. Fig. 5. presents the
capacity variation curves dependent on potential, at
stable frequencies, for sample 6 (PPy+CNT)/D in
0,2M H2SO4 (at constant frequency of 48Hz) and
0,2M oxalic acid (at constant frequency of 100Hz)
solutions. It can be observed that in the case of 0,2M
oxalic acid solution, capacity values are with 1 order
of magnitude lower than in the case of 0,2M H2SO4
solution. Maximum capacity values are registered at
550mV/SCE in the case of 0,2M H2SO4 solution and
850mV/SCE, respectively, in the case of 0,2M oxalic
acid solution.
CONCLUSIONS
The following achievements were carried out:
A. Development of polymeric coatings for 3D CNT/
CNF structures;
B. Micro-mechanically characterization (scratch
resistance, roughness and thickness of the polymeric
layer);
C. Test of electrochemical activity related with
different electrolytes by voltammetry, potentiometry
and (EIS) electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
3D CNT networks were obtained by CVD growth on
silicon sublayer (100) type n, with catalyst layer based
on iron or nickel, carried out by e-beam method.
Experiments for achieving conductive polymer
coatings with polypyrrole for 3D CNT networks grown
by CVD method were carried out. As an alternative,
the achievement of hybrid polymer/CNT networks was
attempted by pyrrol electropolymerization with CNT
from the electrolyte solution. From the experimental
data, for polypyrrole deposition by cyclic voltammetry,
the optimal conditions determined were:
-
potential range 0,2 – 0,85 V/ESC;
- scanning speed 20 mV/s;
- solution: 0,1M pyrrol in 0,2M H2SO4 and 0,3M
pyrrol in 0,2M oxalic acid;
- minimal number of cycles 50.
In order to investigate the quality of the obtained
deposition, were characterized from morpho-structural
point of view by SEM. From the morphological analysis
of electrodes achieved resulted as optimal structure,
CNT individual covering, respectively, resulted in the
case of PPy/CNT_A sample. From the electrochemical
characterization (EIS, voltammetry, potentiometry)
resulted:
- the specific capacity maximum value (F/cm2) is
achieved in the case of PPy/CNT_B hybrid electrolyte
when tested in 0.2 M oxalic acid (C=17.55 * 10-3 F/
cm2);
- the minimal dielectric loss at 50 Hz is achieved in
the case of PPy/CNT_C hybrid electrolyte when tested
in 0.2 M oxalic acid (tg δ=0.14).
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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[2]. J.P. Issi, L. Langer, J. Heremans, C.H. Olk, Carbon
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H.F. Gha-emi, T. Thio, Nature 382, 54 (1996)
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Lee, D.C. Chung, D.J. Bae, S.C. Lim, Adv. Mater. 13,
497 (2001)
[5]. C.S. Du, N. Pan, Nanotechnol. 17, 5314 (2006)
[6]. A.L.M. Reddy, F.E. Amitha, I. Jafri, Nanoscale Res.
Letts. 3, 145 (2008)
[7]. C.G. Liu, M. Liu, F. Li, H.M. Cheng, Appl. Phys.
Let. 92, 143108 (2008)
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Electrochem. Soc. 155, A1 10 (2008)
[10]. K. Liang, K. An, Y. Lee, J. Mater. Sci. Eng. 21,
292 (2005)
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Chem. Mater. 14, 1610 (2002)
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654 (2010)
The research was financed from MNT ERA-NET
Programme, contract no. 7-053 / 2012 (4282/2012).
Research and development of new functionalities for sports and health garments
ABSTRACT
Developing e-textile architecture to serve as
a software/hardware architecture for a class of
applications will require the establishment of a set
of precepts. The precepts will help the user make
decisions governing the application being created.
These precepts will be based on past experience and
developing concepts
Future research and advances in the area of electronic
textiles will enable a plethora of applications ranging
from accomplishing the simplest of everyday chores
to mapping a fi re fighter’s location in a smoke filled
building. Embedded system technologies alongside
smart materials can be integrated and interfaced to
create new possibilities. Advanced e-textile systems
will require simultaneous hardware and software
design operations.
In this project INCDIE ICPE‑CA proposed and develop
an experimental model of a human perspiration sensor
along with a device applied for biologic motilities
monitoring (experimental trials).
INTRODUCTION
Intelligent textile is considered as interactive when
incorporated wearable technology (a cardiac monitor
or an MP3 Player) or the fabric itself is reactive at
external stimuli. Based on the reported research
findings remarkable advances are registered mainly
in the field of surface modified fibres (able to react
at temperature changes, moisture level or any other
external factor).
An interactive textile must accomplish following
requirements:
a. to collect and send information;
b. protection: to protect the wearer by accidental
interferences with embedded electronically devices;
c. resistance – mechanical stress resistant -enough
to sustain the integrity of electronic component;
d. comfort - ensuring the monitoring features.
From literature survey are depicted two types of
sensorial monitoring:
1. Chemical monitoring: is referring to those
materials, sensors and devices able to react/ detect
changes in body fluids: (ex: perspiration monitoring –
detecting compositional changes)
2. Physical monitoring: detection of those parameters
such as: temperature, various biological motilities
(muscle motilities, tissues, limbs - motilities, changes
in body temperature etc).
Wearable textile-based sensors that can provide
real-time information regarding sweat activity: A pH
sensitive dye incorporated into a fabric fluidic system
is used to determine sweat pH. To detect the onset
of sweat activity a sweat rate sensor could also be
incorporated into a textile substrate. The sensors are
integrated into a waistband and controlled by a central
unit with wireless connectivity. The use of such sensors
for sweat analysis may provide valuable physiological
information for applications in sports performance and
also in healthcare
Conductive elastomers are a novel strain sensing
technology which can be unobtrusively embedded into
a garment’s fabric, allowing a new type of sensitized
cloths for motion analysis. A possible application for
this technology is the remote monitoring and control
of motor rehabilitation exercises.
The first trials have been based on piezoelectric
elements adapted to an textile substrate. Thus,
several piezoelectric plates have been placed into an
flexible string which has been placed directly on a
human subject. First in the thorax area and next in the
abdominal area. Has been recorded a variable voltage
time dependent and proportional with variation of
pressure developed on piezolectric elements surface
(the pressure exerted on piezoelectric elements).
Experiments lead to quantitative evaluation of
monitored physiological parameters, sizing of sensors
and checking the admisibility barrier.
In regard with potential of developing a human
perspiration sensor has been approached 3 experimental
paths:
1. design/developing
sensors
based
on
conductive yarns;
2. design/developing sensors by chemical
modification of a textile substrate;
3. design/developing sensors grid type with cosensitive deposition layers.
All the resulted sensors have been tested by
measuring those answer in tension or/and capacity as
a result of trace sensing of perspiration solution (when
come into contact with artificial solution).
Dr. Eng. Gabriela Hristea, Senior Researcher CS I –
head of the project
Dr. Eng. Mircea Ignat, Senior Researcher CS I
Dr. Eng. Dragoş Ovezea, Junior Researcher ACS
EXPERIMENTAL
The three dimensional structures present interesting
possibilities in applications requiring conductive
characteristics. Such applications are extremely vast
and diverse, including domains such as protective
clothing, buildings/architecture, medicine, security
systems/army, etc. The conductive polymers present
interesting possibilities for the development of
intelligent textiles, especially e-textiles.
Adding the required circuitry, power sources,
electronic devices, and sensors to standard fabric
garments makes the simplest of these so called “smart
clothing” items. More sophisticated prototypes for
smart clothing items use conductive threads to weave
switches, circuits, and sensors into the fabric itself.
These can be achieved through multifunctional fabrics,
commonly referred to as electronic textiles (e-textiles)
or smart textiles, capable of making daily life healthier,
safer, and more comfortable.
In this project the sensors experimental variants
has been evaluated from point of view of compatibility
with textile (fabric).
By compatibility with the fabric (textile) mean:
washing resilience (n washing cycles).
Textile sensor made by chemical modification
of fabric with conductive polymer, proved to be the
most efficient variant in terms of response time (2-5s)
and accuracy and selectivity (sensor characteristics
are dependent by the type of fabric- hydrophilic
characteristics). This type of experimental sensor has
been subjected to a number of washing cycles as in
the next scheme:
Experimental condition:
• Test samples: fabrics of (40mmx20mm);
• Temperature: room temperature 200C; 400C;
600C;
• Washing time: 10 min; 30 min; 45 min; 60 min;
1:30min; 2 h;
• Fabric types: V1; Glat; PES;
• Washing water:
• Tap water;
• Water with 1% detergent.
Fabric samples have been chemical modified by
vapour impregnation with conductive polymer. Test
fabrics have been subjected to repeated washings as
was stated before.
For the „Final prototype - technical documentation
for prototype product / developing fabric components
– stage of the project, INCDIE ICPE-CA both with
MAGNUM SX SRL has been realized:
1. models of socks made form multifunctional yarns
and testing trails in real conditions (technical reportevaluation, annex 1-Magnum SX). Internal evaluation
committee of MAGNUM SX selected a final prototype
code V2 for:
1. pulse monitorizing - conductive yarns were knitted
in the area of superior cuff;
2. for perspiration monitoring: conductive yarns
were knitted in the lower area of the cuff.
The results in this respect were no satisfactory
according to the project objective. The industrial
partner proposed that technical solution of a fabric
with conductive yarns to be applied for developing
orthosis/medical bandages and monitoring in this way
the pulse.
2. rassiere designed for perspiration monitoring
In this case the option was in favour of the
experimental sensor obtained by chemical modification
of a fabric (textile substrate).
The experimental model has been subjected to the
final evaluation from the view point of compatibility
with the textile substrate.
Based on the results obtained during the trails
could be stated that this variant is feasible from the
economical point of view (the sensor could be used
also in disposable variant). Thus, this research could
be continued on textile sensor- chemical modified
weave-developing variant for:
1. design and developing the complete sensorial
system: sensor-transducer next to the wireless system
for data (information) capture;
2. thoroughness study of selectivity perspiration sensor.
CONCLUZIONS
In this stage, has been realized:
1. socks experimental models from multifunctional
yarns which were tested for gradual compression and
pulse/perspiration monitoring (V2 variant) (fig. 1).
Fig. 1. Technical report
For pulse monitoring - conductive yarn are knitted in
the superior cuff area;
For perspiration monitoring: the yarns are knitted in
the lower area of the cuff.
Results regarding perspiration sensor: time of
reaction: excellent (1-5s depended by the type of
fabric); high selectivity in regard with urea, ammonia
and lactic acid concentration (accuracy of response).
2 Brassiere designed for perspiration monitoring
MAGNUM SX SRL re-designed the brassiere model
resulting two new variants considered as prototypes:
- variant 1 (fig. 2);
- variant 2 (fig. 3).
Front
Back
When brassiere was re-designed were created special
patch pockets where has been fixed a rigid/solid sensor
developed by INCDIE ICPE-CA, as it follows:
variant 1: inserting sensor for perspiration
monitoring
variant 2: inserting sensor for pulse/respiration
monitoring (sensors grid type with co-sensitive
deposition layers)
Research has been sponsored by PNCDI II Programme
– Partnership in priority areas, project CROSSTEXNET
no. 7-041/2011 (7080/2011).
Front
Back
Renergy - Regional strategies for energy efficient communities
ABSTRACT
INCDIE ICPE-CA acts as external expert of Avrig City
Hall, Sibiu County; the Avrig City Hall is the Romanian
partner in the project consortium. The project is cofinanced by INTERREG IVC Programme. As an external
expert, ICPE-CA organized two Energy Laboratories.
INTRODUCTION
Energy Laboratories are workshops in which they
discuss issues related to the use of Renewable Energy
Sources (RES) and the implementation of the principles
of local energy efficiency (EE).
Contract team
Eng. Ivan Ion, IDT I – contract responsible
First Energy Laboratory focused on presenting case
studies identified in the city Avrig, studies which were
related to the use of RES and EE.
The second Energy Laboratory focused on presenting
the best practices identified in the local community
and external partners in the project.
The second Energy Laboratory included the
presentation of SC ENEV-AVRIG SRL experience in
the promotion and use of RES and EE.
Presentation of good practices identified at external
partners in the Renergy project were the basis of
further discussions on the possibility of transferring
these best practices in the implementation of Local
Energy Programme in the city Avrig.
CONCLUSIONS
The two Energy Laboratories, by information
provided, allowed the knowledge of foreign partners
experience of the project Renergy in exploiting the
local potential of RES and EE. This experience can be
used by Local Public Authority in the implementation of
the Development Strategy for Avrig City; this strategy
is an important component based on RES and EE.
The contract was financed by service contract no.
1068/2012.
RESULTS
The case studies presented in the first Energy
Laboratory covered the issue for installation and use of
solar panels and thermal solar. It also tackled the use
of marginal land for cultivation of energy plants used
in the production of electrical and thermal energy in
biomass power plants.
Transnational Cooperation Programme South-East Europe
Promotion of Financing Innovation in South-East Europe - PROFIS
ABSTRACT
The project Promotion of Financing Innovation
in South East Europe is funded by the Transnational
Cooperation Programme South-East Europe. The project
objective is to create a transnational framework, at the
level of South East Europe to finance businesses that
are based on innovative projects in the early stages,
when financial needs are high and may not be covered
by bank loans.
INTRODUCTION
Starting a business based on an innovative idea
is made with the high costs caused by prototype
construction and testing, followed by implementation
of the new product and its market launch. The main goal
of the project is to develop new skills and capabilities
in financing innovative businesses in the early stages.
The project objectives:
- Creation of a regional network of public and
non-profit actors to facilitate transnational
technology transfer and financing of innovative
projects;
- Creating a transnational network in the
South East Europe, and a platform of support
innovation providers, to act as a tool for the
exchange of ideas, experiences and best
practices.
Eng. Ion Ivan, TDE I – head of the project
Gabriela Iosif, Public Relations Officer
Ec. Gabriela Richter
Eng. Gabriela Obreja
Eng. Ciprian Onica, Researcher
In order to highlight innovation support services and
identify new services in this class, the Italian partner
of the consortium has achieved a questionnaire. ICPECA sent this questionnaire to organizations from the
country involved in funding and supporting innovation
and also to start-ups. The survey results will provide the
basis of a training material to develop the competence
of organizations involved in the early-stage funding of
innovative ideas.
ICPE-CA also developed, based on a methodology
and structure developed by the Hungarian partner,
a National Study on the financing of innovation.
In the first part, the study comprises of a series of
macroeconomic data on research and innovation
funding: the share of GDP spent on R & D in 20072011, investment in research and development of
economic agents, evolution and structure of R&D
personnel. It is also do a review national system of R&D
and intellectual property legislation. It also presented
business environment: its dynamics, patterns of
innovative companies. The chapter on financing
innovation in this field includes government policies
and private funding categories available in Romania to
finance innovative businesses in the early stages. The
last chapter describes organizations policies aimed at
developing entrepreneurial culture in order to increase
access to private equity funds (business angels, equity
joint) by innovative firms. This study will be used to
develop a Transnational Study on policies supporting
innovation in South Eastern Europe.
The research was financed by the Transnational
Cooperation
Programme
SEE,
contract
SEE/
D/0233/1.2/X – PROFIS.
Work package 2 of PROFIS project “Communication
and Dissemination” has as responsible ICPE-CA. As
such, the project implementation team has developed
communication and dissemination plan and also the
leaflet and poster of the project.
Joint Operational Programme “BLACK SEA BASIN 2007-2013”
Integrated Hotspots Management and Saving the Living Black Sea
Ecosystem HOT BLACK SEA
ABSTRACT
To foster cross-border partnership for the development
of harmonised policy and utilization of scientific studies
relevant to monitoring and addressing environmental
threats in the Black Sea Basin in the field of land-based
sources of pollution.
INTRODUCTION
The project contributes to strengthening the regional
cooperation in the Black Sea environment protection.
Lead Partner, National Institute for Research and
Development in Electrical Engineering ICPE – CA,
Romania
Partner 2 – IPA, TUBITAK - Marmara Research
Centre, Turkey
Partner 3, Foundation Caucasus Environment – FCE,
Georgia
Partner 4, Odessa State Environmental University,
Ukraine
Partner 5, Burgas Municipality, Bulgaria
Partner 6, NGO for Sustainable Regional Development
and Environment Protection – SuRDEP, Bulgaria
PhD.Eng. Alecu Georgeta, CS I – head of the project
Ec. Richter Gabriela
PhD student Eng. Voina Andreea, IDT III
Prof. PhD. Kappel Wilhelm, CS I
PhD student Eng. Ilie Cristinel, IDT I
PhD. Samoilescu Gheorghe
PhD. Eng. Mirea Vasilescu Radu, IDT III
PhD student Eng. Stoica Victor, IDT III
EXPERIMENTAL
The project contributes to the knowledge of own
experience that countries have in combating of the
perturbing factors of environment, the most serious
issues that they face, identify “hot spots”, creating and
testing their methodology, solving and data priorities.
The main activities of the project are grouped as
follows:
GA1: Harmonization of Hot Spots policies;
GA2: Identification, evaluation and prioritisation of
hot spots;
GA3: Hot Spots Data Base in support of decisionmaking and investment planning;
GA4: Increasing sector expertise;
GA5: Dissemination of Knowledge and Best
Practices, Public Awareness and Visibility;
GA6: Management and coordination of the Action.
GA1:
Identification of the needs in harmonization of hot
spots management based on stakeholders consultation
and lessons learned from previous relevant projects/
programs; creating regional criteria to identify and
prioritize “hot spots”;
Revision and finalization of the draft regional
Methodology for identification and prioritization of Hot
Spots;
Rivers monitoring strategies harmonization;
Promotion of market instruments for water
pollution control based on examination of International
experiences in view of their relevance to the Black Sea
coastal states.
GA2:
State of the art of the Hot Spots monitoring and
ambient environment, relevance for identification of
most threatened areas in the Black Sea;
Collection of data in the beneficiary countries,
management of data;
Determination of the areas under largest threat of
pollution (update of the knowledge);
Testing of the methodology (selected studies);
Update of Hotspots lists in Georgia and Ukraine;
Verification of the updated lists in Bulgaria and
Turkey;
Promotion of the updated lists for the relevant
authorities’ level.
GA3:
Development of the Concept of the Data Base based
on stakeholders consultation and availability of data/
information;
Development and testing of the Hot Spots on-line
Data Base, its promotion.
GA4:
To organise and carry out two trainings and two
workshops for project partners and stakeholders;
To organise and carry out two stakeholder
consultation meetings.
GA5:
Promotion of the project, visibility of EC support,
ownership development;
Raising (public) awareness for the present state of
the Black Sea ecosystem, the persistent threats and
initiatives to address them in providing for sustainable
development of the Black Sea region;
Cooperation with existing networks like Black Sea
NGO Network, Black Sea Economic Cooperation
(BSEC), Permanent Secretariat of the Black Sea
Commission, Danube Commission (ICPDR), UNEP
(GPA), DABLAS etc.
Preparation of educational materials for enhancing
of public participation in hot spots management
and awareness at the level of school children and
students;
Dissemination of Project results, visibility of Project
efforts.
GA6: Management and coordination of the project.
The main results are:
Harmonise river monitoring programmes;
Harmonise of methods for Hot Spots identification
and prioritisation;
Update the Lists of Hot Spots based on common
Methodology;
Provide data/information management tool to
support decision-making in the field of Hot Spots
management;
Share competencies to increase capacity in hot
spots management embracing the adaptive approach
and market-based instruments for pollution control;
Increase public awareness and stakeholders
participation in decision-making related to hot spots.
CONCLUSIONS
Promotion of innovation and exchange of good
practices in the field of scientific and technical
competencies and capacities for environmental
protection and conservation;
Harmonization of hot spots identification and
prioritization advanced;
Facilities for harmonization of river monitoring
programmes;
Providing data/information management tool in
support of decision-making in the field of hot spots
management provided;
Increasing of expertise in LBS pollution management
sector;
Increasing public awareness and stakeholders
participation.
The research was financed by Joint Operational
Programme “BLACK SEA BASIN 2007-2013”, contract
MIS-ETC 2303/2013.
Romania-Bulgaria Cross-Border Cooperation Programme 2007-2013
REACT - Integrated system for dynamic monitoring and warning
for technological risks in Romania-Bulgaria cross-border area
ABSTRACT
Achievement of project of integrated, dual system
for dynamic monitoring of air/water pollution and
warning and response in case of accidental industrial
pollution. For this system, project of interventions and
evacuation plan in case of industrial pollution.
INTRODUCTION
Promotion of cooperation between Romanian
and Bulgarian researchers, local administrations and
emergency intervention agencies in view of prudent
exploitation and effective protection of the environment
in cross-border area Romania-Bulgaria. The project
consortium includes:
Lead Partner, National Institute for Research and
Development in Electrical Engineering ICPE–CA,
Bucharest, Romania
Partner 2, National Research & Development
Institute for Industrial Ecology – ECOIND, Bucharest,
Romania
Partner 3, National Research and Development
Institute for Gas Turbines – COMOTI, Bucharest,
Romania
Partner 4, University of Ruse “ANGEL KANCHEV”,
Bulgaria
Partner 5, Association of the Danube River
Municipalities “Danube”, Belen, Bulgaria
PhD. Eng. Alecu Georgeta, CS I – head of the project
Ec. Richter Gabriela
Prof. PhD. Kappel Wilhelm, CS I
Eng. Ion Ivan, IDT I
PhD. student Voina Andreea, IDT III
PhD. Mirea Vasilescu Radu, ID III
Eng. Lipcinki Daniel, IDT II
Eng. Onică Ciprian, CS
PhD. student Popa Marius, CS III
PhD. Eng.Phys. Pătroi Eros, CS II
PhD. student Bălan Ionuţ
Eng. Popovici Iuliu, IDT I
PhD. student Morari Cristian, CS
PhD. Chem. Caramitu Alina, ITD I
PhD. Eng. Tsakiris Violeta, CS II
PhD. Eng. Phys. Pintea Jana, IDT I
PhD. student Telipan Gabriela, IDT I
Eng. Medianu Silviu, ACS
Eng. Obreja Gabriela
Asst. Eng. Tănase Ştefania
Eng. Ţârdei Christu, CS III
PhD. Eng. Banciu Cristina, CS III
PhD. student Velciu Georgeta, IDT I
Eng. Chiriţă Ionel, IDT II
Techn. Miu Marius
Techn. Dragomir Ion
Techn. Marcu Liliana
Techn. Ghelbere Ion
EXPERIMENTAL
Project of integrated system for dynamic monitoring
of air/water pollution and warning and response in case
of accidental pollution
Project of plan of interventions and evacuation in
case of industrial pollution
A. Establish the area to study function of the
impact produced by the industrial activities on waterair environmental factors in the cross-border Danube
area:
1. General presentation of cross border area
Romania-Bulgaria (counties/districts presentation);
2. Transposition of European legislation at national
level;
3. Industrial and technological risks - definitions,
national legislation, argumentations on the Danube
area and Danube tributaries according to the analyzed
region;
4. Romanian and Bulgarian entities with
environmental concerns.
B. Technical analysis of the present situation for
industrial process that can generate environmental
risks for Danube River (water-air) on the RomaniaBulgaria cross-border area. Identification of the existing
or potential environmental risks (“hot points”):
1. Environmental Diagnosis;
2. Identification of economic agents from analyzed
areas, who perform activities with risk of pollution;
3. Preliminary SWOT analyze (environmental) from
Environmental Agency reports of the analyzed area.
C. Joint planning of reaction procedures of the
intervention structures in case of industrial pollution.
D. Design of monitoring and warning system:
1. Relevant informational flow in major industrial
accidental situations according to legal system
requirements applicable in EU;
2. Early warning systems;
3. Requirements definition for a system of monitoring
and warning in case of accidental industrial pollution in
the Romania-Bulgaria cross-border area;
4. Establishing the sensor system for every type of
pollutant;
5. Establishing the structure and content of the
database in order to achieve real-time monitoring.
Identification and establishment of software solutions
for database access;
6. Requirements regarding the interconnection of the
monitoring and warning system “REACT” to National
Monitoring Systems;
7. Project of Monitoring and Warning System –
REACT.
E. Plan of intervention in case of industrial pollution.
Popularization of system for local public administration
bodies from Romania - Bulgaria cross-border area
F. Large scale dissemination of results
CONCLUSIONS
To increase the institutional capacity of the local
public administration and business community in order
to prevent and react in case of industrial pollution;
To develop the planning capacity of the joint
intervention based on the assessments of the risks
generated by industrial pollution;
Development of the local public administration
capacity of prevention and reaction in case of industrial
pollution;
Increase of the awareness of population, local public
administration and businesses regarding the risks of
industrial pollution.
The research was financed by the Romania-Bulgaria
Cross-Border Cooperation Programme 2007-2013,
contract MIS ETC CODE 144/2011 / (4273/2011).
Clean Access in Calarasi-Silistra Cross‑Border Area
ABSTRACT
The project aims to improve the accessibility in
Calarasi-Silistra cross-border area by promoting joint
clean and energy-efficient road and river transport
systems and to improve cross-border policy coordination
among local public administrations. By these means
better transport services for the citizens from crossborder area will be created, and accessibility and
mobility of people and goods will be improved. Due to
the implementation of innovative technologies within
the joint transport system the project objectives will be
achieved with minimum effects on the environment.
INTRODUCTION
In order to design the joint clean and energy-efficient
road and river transport system several technical and
economical studies regarding the renewable sources
potential (solar, wind, hydro, biomass) in the crossborder area, the existing methods for design and
manufacture of river boats powered by renewable
energy sources, the electric vehicles and energy storage
stations etc. have been accomplished. Also, the Danube
flow speeds have been evaluated and two series of wind
measurements have been performed in Calarasi city
area.
The project proposes to develop common planning
documents for designing clean transport services in
the Romanian-Bulgarian cross-border area, to elaborate
a guide for clean and energy-efficient road and river
transport systems and to develop two ecological boats
powered by renewable energy sources, for Danube
crossing between Calarasi and Silistra and also for
tourism in protected areas. Research staff of the project
PhD. Eng. Sergiu Nicolaie, IDT I – Project Manager
PhD. Eng. Gabriela Oprina, CS III – Assistant Manager
Ec. Gabriela Richter – Economic Manager
Ec. Mariana Cîrstea – Economic Manager
Gabriela Iosif – Communication Manager
PhD. Eng. Ionel Chiriţă, IDT II
Eng. Radu Cîrnaru, CS III
PhD. Eng. Dorian Marin, CS III
Eng. Adrian Nedelcu, CS
PhD. Eng. Mihail Popescu, IDT II
PhD. Eng. Mihai Mihăiescu, IDT I
PhD. Eng. Carmen Mateescu, CS III
PhD. Eng. Radu Mirea, IDT III
PhD. Eng. Corina Băbuţanu, CS
PhD. Eng. Mircea Zus
Prof.PhD.Eng. Gheorghe Samoilescu, CS I
PhD. Eng. Gimi Rîmbu, CS I
Prof. PhD. Eng. Florin Tănăsescu, CS I
Eng. Rareş Chihaia, ACS
Eng. Andreea Mituleţ, ACS
Techn. Marius Miu
Techn. Florea Sorescu
Techn. Mihaela Bungărescu
Ec. Silvia Dobrin
Ec. Ionica Şişu
EXPERIMENTAL
In order to choose the most suitable location for
wind turbine installation in Calarasi, a series of wind
measurements in two locations (on Borcea Brace, in
locations indicated on the map) has been performed. Measurement locations map
1 - Calarasi Central Park, 2 - CN APDF SA Calarasi
Wind speed vs. time – location 1
The workshop “Common Strategy for Public Transport
on Road and River in Călăraşi - Silistra area” has been
organized in Calarasi. The main purposes of this event
were: setting up the joint working group (including local
politicians, civil servants, and experts from university
and research institutes, representatives of transport public
companies) and drawing the main directions of the
Common Strategy for public transport on road and river
in Calarasi-Silistra area.
Workshop sessions
In order to provide two training sessions for clean and
energy-efficient local transport, the workshop “Training for
clean and energy-efficient local public transport in Calarasi
- Silistra Cross-Border Area” has been organized. The main
purpose of this event was to provide two trainings: one
related to transport policies and one regarding the relation
between public transport systems and equal opportunities,
sustainable development and climate change.
Certificates awarding after the training sessions
General view of the training room
Also, in order to in order to design the clean transport
model system to be effectively achieved in Calarasi-Silistra
area, there were drawn technical specifications for: boat
(catamaran type with electric propulsion), pontoon, wind
turbine, battery chargers and electronic blocks that are
suitable for the clean transport model.
General view of the audience during the training
session
The training concluded with certificates awarding
for all the participants by “Angel Kanchev” University
of Ruse.
CONCLUSIONS
The project will end during 2014 with two demonstrative
ecological boats powered by renewable energy sources.
These boats will improve the accessibility in the crossborder area, will assure the access in protected areas
and will increase the people awareness regarding new
and ecological solutions for an improved life quality
by constituting evidence of innovative technologies
implementation in transport services. The research was financed by Romania-Bulgaria CrossBorder Cooperation Programme 2007-2013, contract
MIS-ETC Code 118.
Bilateral Programme Romania – Russia Investigation of the NiAl, Ni3Al and NiTi materials structure using neutron diffraction techniques
ABSTRACT
Bilateral cooperation between ICPE-CA, Romania
and JINR, Dubna, Russia has as main objective the
investigation of alloyed intermetallic compounds using
neutron diffraction techniques. The Romanian part was
involved in the manufacture of the materials and the
Russian part was in material investigating using the
neutron diffraction technique. During this phase were
made and characterized Ni30Ti50Cu20 type materials,
using four fabrication technologies.
INTRODUCTION
In order to obtain inexpensive products, researchers
have applied nearly every known synthesis method
in efforts to enhance the production methods and to
obtain materials with improved properties. The powder metallurgy techniques offer the
potential of near-net-shape processing without or with
low microstructural segregation and the possibility to
exploit the evolved energy during reactive synthesis of
the NiTi intermetallic compound [1, 2]. Reactive synthesis offers the advantage of both time
and energy saving in comparison with conventional
melting and classical powder metallurgy approaches.
Dr. Eng. Mariana Lucaci – Head of Department for
Advanced Materials (DMAv)
Dr. Eng. Violeta Tsakiris – DMAv
PhDs Phys. Beatrice Gabriela Sbârcea – Laboratory for
Testing & Characterization of Materials and Electrical
Products
PhDs Phys. Lucia Leonat – DMAv
PhDs Eng. Phys. Cîrstea Diana – DMAv
EXPERIMENTAL
In this phase were made and characterized
Ni30Ti50Cu20 type materials using four manufacturing
technologies type:
1 - Mixtures of 200 grams were weighed according
to the chemical composition followed by hand
homogenization of the mixture by successive passes on
a sieve with a mesh size of 300 micrometres, followed
by pressing into a cylindrical die having a diameter of
12 mm at 4 tf/cm2 pressure and sintering at 870°C
for 2 hours in an argon atmosphere of 99.9% purity.
Cooling of the samples was performed in furnace and
in argon atmosphere.
2 - According to the same protocol to obtain powder
mixture set to 1, cylindrical samples with a diameter
of 40 mm were obtained by plasma sintering at 870°C
using Spark Plasma Sintering equipment.
3 – The mixture dosed according to paragraph 1
from protocol 1, was placed in a planetary mill and
mechanically alloyed for 20 hours at a balls / powder
3/1 ratio of load, and a rotation speed of 250 rot/ min,
in an wet grinding environment of petroleum ether and
possibilities for change the rotation direction of the
mill bowls The mixture thus obtained was subjected to
synthesis operations according to the protocol no. 1.
4 – The mechanically alloyed mixture according
to protocol 3 was subjected to synthesis operations
according to protocol 2. We have analyzed the
changes in the phase of the Ti50Ni30Cu20 shape memory
alloy type, using X-ray diffraction carried out at room
temperature. The temperatures of the martensite
transformation were studied by differential scanning
calorimetry. The martensite transformation evidenced
by thermal scanning was discussed in correlation with
the relative content of phases in the material.
Table 1 shows the density values obtained after
material synthesis according with the four protocols
used, at which density value for material synthesized
using powder mixtures mechanically alloyed for 10
hours under the same conditions was added. Tab. 1. The density values of the synthesized
materials
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Sample
DensityComputed,
Dc,
g/cm3
NiTiCu- 10h6.225
SPS-TT
NiTiCu- 20h
6.225
-clasic+TT
NiTiCu-20h
6.225
-SPS+TT
NiTiCu6.225
clasic+TT
NiTiCu6.225
SPS+TT
NiTiCu-10 h
6.225
clasic + TT
Density
hyidrostatic,
Dh,
g/cm3
6.041
Dh/Dc
5.035
80.88
6.155
98.88
4.906
78.81
6.2235
99.98
-
-
%
97.04
Note that plasma processing technique by SPS, leads
to a densification greater than 95% of the synthesized
materials. In the case of mechanical alloying fabrication
protocol, it was observed that mechanical alloying
leads to lower density materials in the case of samples
processed by SPS and a slight increased of density
when materials were classical processed.
Table 2 presents the proportion of phases present
in the material - calculated by Rietveld method,
after indexing the diffraction images of the analyzed
samples.
All materials are of multiphase type containing a
majority orthorhombic martensite phase B19 type and
two secondary phases, one responsible for the shape
memory effect, monoclinic martensite phase B19’ and
a hardening cubic phase of NiTi2 type which is not
responsible for the shape memory effect.
Tab. 2 – The phase proportion in the synthesized
materials
Sample
code
Monoclinic
B19‘
Orthorhombic.
B19
Cubic,
NiTi2
wt, %
6
wt, %
91
wt, %
3
NiTiCu - 20hclasic +TT
24
67
9
NiTiCu - 20h SPS+TT
65
17
18
NiTiCu classic+TT
NiTiCu - SPS
+TT
42
49
9
14
58
28
NiTiCu - 10h
classic
3
94 3 NiTiCu - 10hSPS-TT
Tab. 4. The range of the martensite transformation
and the thermal hysteresis recorded in the synthesized
materials
Materials
NiTiCu - 10h-SPS-TT
Tab. 3. Transformation temperatures and heat of
transformation in the synthesized materials
Ms
(oC)
Mf
(oC)
As
(oC)
Af
(oC)
∆HM
(J/g)
∆HA
(J/g)
74
18
34
77
7.851
-5.724
51
31
46
63
8.258
-6.629
45
21
36
57
6.067
-5.568
54
31
46
66
6.06
-5.838
70
30
45
90
2.986
-1.734
73
34
46 80.8
11.46
-10.71
Af-Mf
(oC)
Af-Ms
(oC)
59
3
NiTiCu - 20h-clasic+TT
32
12
NiTiCu - 20h-SPS+TT
36
12
NiTiCu – classic + TT
35
12
NiTiCu- SPS+TT
60
20
46.8
7.8
NiTiCu - 10 h classic + TT
At room temperature, the shape memory materials
are of martensite type, at least two types of martensite
being present in the materials. The proportion of
phases is different depending on the synthesis protocol
followed. A large amount of phase which is responsible
for shape memory effect was obtained in materials
processed by SPS, the mechanical alloying greater
than 10 hours leading to the increase in the proportion
of the phase who is not responsible with the shape
memory effect.
The martensite transformation temperatures
identified by DSC method are given in table 3.
Materials
NiTiCu- 10hSPS-TT
NiTiCu- 20hclasic+TT
NiTiCu- 20hSPS+TT
NiTiCuclasic+TT
NiTiCuSPS+TT
NiTiCu - 10h
clasic + TT
The shape memory effect was present in the all
synthesized materials. The highest thermal effect was
obtained for the material obtained from mechanically
alloyed powder mixtures for 10 hours processed
according to Protocol 3. Table 4 shows the range of
martensite transformation (Af-Mf) and the thermal
hysteresis of the transformation (Af-Ms).
Although the martensite transformation is rather
broad (>30°C), like in the cubic to monoclinic
transformation (B2 - B19’), the thermal hysteresis
is greater than 12°C, except material synthesized
according to the protocol two. Narrow thermal
hysteresis is characteristic of NiTi alloys alloyed by Ni
substitution with Cu.
CONCLUSIONS
- The mechanical milling technique is a promising
alternative procedure to obtain SMA alloys with
improved properties. - Mechanical milling technique assures an improved
homogeneity of the mixtures and an appropriate
distribution of the elements in the obtained
mechanocomposite powders which is a guarantee for
better material synthesis. Therefore, materials with
good shape memory properties can be obtained.
- The SPS process lead to a better densification of
the synthesized materials.
- In the case of manufacturing process with
mechanical alloying, it was observed that the mechanical
alloying lead to the decreasing of the materials density
when these materials are processed by SPS technique,
and a slight increase of density in the case of materials
processed by classical route.
- The all synthesized materials are of multiphase
type, consisting of a majority orthorhombic martensite
type, and 2 secondary phases, one of them responsible
also with shape memory effect- monoclinic B19’
martensite phase, and another one which is a hardening
cubic phase, NiTi2 which is not responsible with the
shape memory effect.
- At room temperature the materials are of martensite
type, at least 2 martensite variants being present in the
materials.
- Largest amount of phase which is not responsible
with the shape memory effect was obtained in the
materials processed by SPS, mechanical alloying
leading to the increasing of the proportion of phase
which is not responsible with shape memory effect
greater than 10 hours leading to the increase in the
proportion of stage who is responsible for the shape
memory effect.
- The highest value of thermal effect was recorded
in the mechanically alloyed materials for 10 hours
processed according to the third protocol.
- The Ni-Ti-Cu synthesized alloys, show a narrow
thermal hysteresis that recommend them for MEMS
applications.
REFERENCES
[1] Istvan Mihalcz, Fundamental characteristics and
design method for Nickel-Titanium shape memory
alloy, Periodica Polytechnica Ser. Mech.Eng. vol. 45,
no.1, (2001), p 75-86
[2] T. Goryczka, J. Van Humbeeck, NiTiCu shape
memory alloy produced by powder technology, J. of
Alloys and Compounds 456 (2008) 194-200
The research was financed by the Bilateral Programme
Romania – Russia, contract 04-4-1069-2009/2014/282013.
Research for the design of a plant for investigating the magnetic
properties of matter in the range of 3-300K by using a neutron
flux in the presence of intense magnetic fields
ABSTRACT
Within the research project was approached
the conception and the design of an experimental
model of intense (4T) and uniform magnetic field
superconducting generator. The generator is designed
in a Helmholtz system embodiment with HTS
superconducting coils made of YBCO tape type.
Cryogenic cooling is achieved by Gifford-McMahon,
two-stage crycoolers. The project provides also a
horizontal channel passing through the coil system, at
temperature of 300K, for access of the neutron flux in
the area of intense field. The project goal is to develop
a spectrometer for neutrons from the reactor IBR-2
(JINR-Dubna).
INTRODUCTION
So far, other types of spectrometers for fast neutrons
have been made with conventional electromagnets
(copper), which attained fields of maximum of 2T and
at the expense of large sizes (3-4 times larger) and
the need to be cooled with pressurized water. Another
type of electro-magnets, which allows obtaining
intense magnetic fields (4T) can be with LTS type
superconductors such as NbTi or Nb3Sn, but requires
very low temperatures (4.2 K) [1,2]. Another major
obstacle is the presence of liquid He in the system,
which is not recommended for use in the neutron flux
due to possible induced and unwanted nuclear reactions.
Thus, a suitable solution in the current circumstances
is the use of superconducting electromagnets of HTS
type (High Temperature Superconductors), which can
be made with YBCO type superconducting tapes, socalled thin-layer conductors.
The purpose of this research project is to design a
plant for generating intense and uniform magnetic field
(4T), for the making of a spectrometer for the analysis
of the materials exposed to the neutron flux in the
presence of intense electromagnetic fields. The project
objectives consist in the elaboration of a conceptual
model of the plant and the realization of an execution
project.
Thus, there was elaborated the conceptual model of
the plant, which contains:
- HTS superconducting coils cryostat, with complex
geometry (provided with warm channel for the access
of the neutrons and the access of the sample in the
high magnetic field area);
- Sample cryostat subjected to determinations (in
neutron flux), with its temperature control in the range
of 3-300K;
- The crycoolers (two) necessary for the HTS coils and
sample cooling with the characteristics: two cooling
stages, of 35W@50K and respectively 1,5W@4,2K;
- Superconducting coils system (two HTS coils – in
Helmholtz assembly);
- DC power supply at 0 - 500A of the superconducting
coils;
- Electronic protection system for superconducting
coils;
- Conductors (superconductors - HTS) of power supply
of the superconducting coils.
Project research staff
Dr. Eng. Ion Dobrin, CS II – project manager
Eng. Iuliu Romeo Popovici, IDT I
Dr. Eng. Lucian Pîslaru-Dănescu, IDT II
PhDs. Eng. Marius Popa, CS III
PhDs. Eng. Victor Stoica, ACS
PhDs. Eng. Adrian Nedelcu, CS
PhDs. Eng. Nicolae Tănase, ACS
Asst. Eng. Ștefania Zamfir
Fig. 1. Magnetic flux density map and the
magnetic field lines distribution
4.05
RESULTS AND DISCUTIONS
According to the work plan it was carried out the
numerical modelling of the magnetic field generated
by the HTS superconducting Helmholtz coils for the
design.
Thus it was chosen for superconducting coils the
use of YBCO type HTS superconducting tape with
the following characteristics: 12 mm width, 0.1 mm
thickness, critical current @ 77K, 300A.
Preliminary characteristics of HTS coils: ~40 mm
inner diameter, ~120 mm outer diameter, double flat
coil, circular geometry.
In the figures below (Figure 1 - Figure 3) are presented
preliminary results of numerical modelling of the
magnetic field generated by the coils HTS. Thus Figure
1 renders magnetic induction map and magnetic field
distribution generated by the HTS coils, Fig. 2 shows
the variation of magnetic induction on the symmetry
axis of the superconducting coil system and Figure
3 shows the magnetic field generated as a function
of the supply electric current of the superconducting
coils. 4
|B| [T]
3.95
3.9
3.85
3.8
-0.015
-0.01
-0.005
0
z [m]
0.005
0.01
Fig. 2. Magnetic flux density along the axis
0.015
Oz
4.5
4
3.5
3
|B0| [T]
EXPERIMENTS
In the work carried out according to realization plan
were conducted numerical simulations (COMSOL) on
the conceptual model developed in order to establish
its functional parameters. There were carried out thus
numerical simulations for evaluating the magnetic field,
the quality of the field and the superconducting coils
characteristic (B = f (I)).
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
50
100
150
I [A]
200
250
300
Fig. 3. Central magnetic flux density vs. electric
current
The model of high and uniform magnetic field
superconducting generator is subject to OSIM patent
application no. A2012 00352.
CONCLUSIONS
Within the project there were realized the following
objectives:
- There was elaborated a concept model of high
and uniform magnetic field generation plant
(4T), provided with a channel for neutron
access at the magnetic field zone;
- There were realized numerical simulations
(COMSOL) for establishing the functional
parameters of the plant. Thus, following the calculations and the simulations
realized, there were obtained the following functional
parameters:
- Magnetic field generated on the symmetry
axis of the system – 4T;
- Area of uniform magnetic field (±20mm);
- Necessary electric current – 300A, cc.;
- Working temperature of the superconducting
coils – 30K.
These functional parameters are the starting points
for the realization of the execution project of the high
and uniform magnetic field generation plant, which will
be made at JINR, Dubna – Russian Federation.
REFERENCES
1. J. E. Spencer, H. A. Enge, “Split-pole magnetic
spectrograph for precision nuclear spectroscopy”,
Nuclear Instruments and Methods, Vol. 49, no. 2,
1967, p. 181-194.
2. A. M. Morega, I. Dobrin, M. Morega: ”Thermal and
magnetic design of a dipolar superferric magnet for high
uniformity magnetic field”, 7th International Symposium
on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering – ATEE
2011, May 12-14, Bucharest, pp. 589-592, IEEE no:
CFP1114P-PRT, ISBN 978-1-4577-0507-6.
3. I. Dobrin, A. M. Morega, A. Nedelcu, M. Morega,
D. Daniel, “Thermal and magnetic design of a HTS
high magnetic field generator using superconducting
Helmholtz coils”, The 18th ICIT Conference Progress
in Cryogenics and Isotopes Separation, CălimăneştiCăciulata, October 2012.
The research was financed through the Joint
Cooperation Programme Romania – Russia, contract
no. 4252-4-2013/2014 (26/2013).
Developing fast detector of coordinates for studying baryon dense matter at Nuclotron
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this project is to develop hodoscopes
prototypes with scintillating fiber for the front tracing
system of the BM@N experimental device and their
testing. INTRODUCTION
The study of the baryon matter at Nuclotron (BM@N
project within JINR – Dubna, Russia) with the use of
light and medium nuclei will be achieved through a
spectrometer with high calibre analyzer magnet. As a
detection system in front of the magnet, it will be used
a hodoscopes with scintillating fiber and multi-anode
PMT readout H6568. In addition, these detectors can
provide information on the duration and amplitude of
the signal corresponding to particles passing through
the active area.
These detectors will be used to measure the
coordinates of charged secondary particles (protons,
ions and other particles) resulting in nucleus-nucleus
interactions at energies of the order GeV.
Project research staff
Eng. Iuliu Romeo Popovici, IDT I – head of the project
Eng. Daniel Lipcinski, IDT II
RESULTS AND DISCUTIONS
During the project, there are expected the following
results:
The hodoscopes prototype with scintillating fiber s
based on H6568 Hamamatsu photomultiplier with 16
anodes, with active areas of 6x6 and 12x12cm2 will be
realized and tested. Also, the read-out electronic device
prototype for the scintillating fiber of the hodoscopes
type detector will be developed and tested.
CONCLUSIONS
During the works were realized the following
objectives:
The first objective of this project is the realization of
the modelling of the hodoscopes with scintillating
fibers, designed to detect and identify the charged
particles resulting from ion-ion collisions. It will be
performed the optimization of the detector size, fiber
thickness and so on, in order to meet the experimental
requirements.
The second objective is producing the prototypes
of the hodoscopes with thin scintillating fibers,
with readout system based on H6568 Hamamatsu
photomultiplier of 16 anodes with active surfaces of
various dimensions.
The final objective of the project is constitute by the
prototype-detector testing with radioactive sources
and accelerated particles fascicles, using electronic
devices executed within the project.
The research was financed through the Programme
of bilateral scientific co‑operation between ICPE-CA
Bucharest, Romania - JINR Dubna, Russia, contract
no. 02-0-1065-2007/2014 (30/2013).
Studies of shape memory alloys by neutron diffraction
ABSTRACT
The project aims to present some investigations
on NiTi shape memory materials obtained by the
INCDIE ICPE CA institute, in order to identify the
Ni3Ti4 precipitates. The objective of this project is
the realization of microstructural and mechanical
characterizations of Ni3Ti4 precipitates, in order to
solve the problems that occurred in the theoretical and
experimental studies in shape memory alloys domain.
Research personnel
PhDs. Eng. Cristiana Diana Cîrstea – head of project
PhD. Eng. Magdalena Lungu
PhD. Eng. Violeta Tsakiris
PhDs. Eng. Phys. Virgil Marinescu
PhD. Phys. Lucia Leonat
PhDs. Eng. Dorinel Tălpeanu
INTRODUCTION
The NiTi alloys with equivalent atomic composition
present a high technological interest, due to the potential
applications in various domains like biomedicine, naval
industry, aerospace, nuclear, automotive, robotics etc.
Shape memory alloys are used in coupling and
sealing apparatus because they combine big recoverable
deformations with considerable resistance. NiTi based
systems are the most successful shape memory alloys
because they have the best combination between
mechanical and functional properties and, in addition
to this, a good resistance to corrosion. The most important shape memory phenomena
are:
1. pseudo elasticity (PSE);
2. simple shape memory effect (SME);
3. double shape memory effect (DSME);
4. vibration dumping effect.
In addition to these effects, that have found practical
applications and are directly or indirectly related to
the martensitic transformation, there are some premartensitic effects that include R phase transformation
[1-10].
NiTi shape memory materials:
For the achievement of the objectives proposed
for 2013, it has been carried out the following
experimentations:
There was obtained and characterized two samples
of NiTi shape memory material by: mixing powders,
mechanical milling, pressing and sintering by spark
plasma at different temperatures and compositions
(Table 1), both processes taking place in vacuum
(controlled) atmosphere.
Table 1. Conditions for obtaining the NiTi samples
Name of NiTi
sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-5
2-1
2-2
Mechanical
alloying (h)
6
6
8
8
8
-
Sintering
temperature
(oC)
900
850
900
850
1050
900
850
- Samples 1 NiTi: 50.8%Ni49.2%Ti, mechanically
alloyed for 6h and 8h.
- Samples 2 NiTi: 51.5%Ni48.5%Ti.
All samples were pressed at 50 MPa and sintered by
Spark Plasma Sintering (Table 1).
♦ Samples 1 NiTi (mechanical alloyed) – after the
diffraction analyze it was noticed that all five NiTi
samples obtained for different alloying times present
the Ni4Ti3 precipitate and the NiTi stable phase
corresponding to the Bcc_B2 ordered structure after
the sintering treatment. Another aspect revealed by
the diffraction diffractograms was the identification of
the Ni3Ti and NiTi2 phases. The best result obtained
after the diffraction spectra analysis is the sample 1-5
NiTi, for T = 10500C.
♦ Samples 2 NiTi (non-alloyed mechanically and with
a different composition from the samples 1) – the best
result obtained after the diffraction spectra analysis
was for the 2-1 and 2-2 samples, at T = 9000C.
♦ The results of mechanical properties for NiTi shape
memory materials are presented in Table 2 and Table
3.
Table 2. Hardness results for NiTi shape memory
materials
NiTi
Med.
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-5
2-1
2-2
447 350 594 482 566 317
318
427 338 578 461 571 338
465 324 537 453 558 364
457 353 556 386 584 334
329
306
319
433 335 580 410 579 372
446 340 569 439 572 345
315
317
Table 3. Young module for NiTi shape memory
materials
NiTi
Med.
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-5
2-1
2-2
80
45
84
61
92
82
78
81
78
73
43
46
45
85
79
71
62
65
67
91
90
84
89
83
81
79
80
78
76
78
44
44
70
78
68
64
92
90
80
83
76
78
The samples show some variations of NiTi
microhardness values according to the chemical
composition of the material, the degree of homogeneity
of the powder mixture and the distribution and quantity
of the added element, the compaction pressure, the
sintering temperature and the heat treatment.
Values for the Young’s modulus are located around
78GPa, which correspond to a Young’s modulus typical
to the austenite phase. We can also notice that the
Vickers hardness of NiTi materials obtained by powder
metallurgy and SPS has values within the normal limits
for this type of materials.
Some scientific results of the researches conducted
within this project were presented at the conference
“The 11th Conference on Colloid and Surface Chemistry
CCST, 2013, 9-11 May, Iasi, Romania” by the paper
“Unconventional obtaining technologies for TiNi shape
memory alloys used in biomedical applications”, C.D.
Cirstea, M. Lungu, V. Marinescu, D. Talpeanu, V.
Cirstea, M. Lucaci, V. Tsakiris, Balagurov A.M.
CONCLUSIONS
In the present stage were used two technologies
for obtaining Ni-Ti shape memory materials: powder
metallurgy techniques and plasma sintering of powder
mixtures.
Mechanical milling was used only for obtaining
50.8%Ni49.2%Ti materials with good shape memory
properties. These powder mixtures were previously
alloyed mechanically at 6 hours and 8 hours in order
to avoid segregation of material and increase chemical
and microstructural homogeneity.
The samples were obtained by SPS for different
temperatures and compositions, the best results being
obtained for sample 1-5 mechanical alloyed for 8 h, at a
temperature of 10500C and for sample 2-2 synthesized
at 9000C.
The overall analysis of the data presented in this
study allows drawing some general conclusions on
the possibility of inducing superelasticity / pseudo
elasticity in NiTi alloys produced by powder metallurgy
and spark plasma sintering.
BIBLIOGRAFY
[1] Beyer J., P.A. Besselink, J.H. Lindenhovius, in: Y.
Chu, T.Y. Hsu, T. Ko (Eds.), Proceedings of International
Symposium on Shape Memory Alloys, China Academic
Publishers, Guilin, China, 1986, p. 492.
[2] M. Nishida, C.M. Wayman, T. Honma, Metall. Trans.
A 17 (1986) 1505-1515
[3] K. Otsuka and C.M. Wayman, Shape Memory
Materials, 1st ed., Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, U.K., 1998, p. 27.
[4] Duerig T, Pelton A, Stockel D, An overview of Nitinol
medical applications, Lausanne: Elsevier Science SA;
1999, p. 149.
[5] E.Yu. Panchenko, Yu.I. Chumlyakov, I.V. Kireeva,
A.V. Ovsyannikov, H. Sehitoglu, I.Karaman, Y.H.J.
Maier, Effect of disperse Ti3Ni4 particles on the
martensitic transformation in Titanium Nickelide single
crystals, The Physics of Metals and Metallography,
2008, Vol.106, No. 6, pp. 557-589
The research was funded by the Joint Cooperation
Programme – INCDIE ICPE‑CA Bucharest, Romania –
JINR Dubna, Russia, contract no. 5‑25/2013.
Study of transparent conductive films of zinc oxide doped with aluminium
INTRODUCTION
The increasing importance and potential opportunities
for TCO materials, increased the scientific work
carried out in recent years. The research resulted in
the synthesis of new materials but also increase the
volume of knowledge and evaluation of behaviour of
these new materials. Research carried out on the TCO
material has led to the understanding of the behaviour
thereof in a proportion of 90%. Therefore studies
are needed to lead to a full understanding of the
relationships between technology of targets, the film
deposition processes and properties of obtained thin
films. Transparent conductive oxides, based ZnO, have
emerged from the research which aimed to replace
indium oxide doped with tin (ITO) in optoelectronic
devices because of its high cost [1-3]. Research of
ZnO materials have attracted attention because of
low cost, chemical stability, and because it is nontoxic. Also, it has been taken into consideration the
optical and electrical properties of these oxide
semiconductors. Even if these materials are studied
for some time, there are still significant challenges to
overcome its properties, including: the development of
new deposition techniques allowing deposition at low
temperature (~ 25oC), processing of large area flexible
substrates, and control the morphology of these
films [1]. Therefore research is necessary to improve
the technology of targets, determine the optimum
parameters for the submission and processing of thin
texture of AZO.
PhD. Eng. Elena Chiţanu, Senior Researcher – head of
the project
PhD. Eng. Adela Băra, Senior Researcher II
Eng. Phys. Iulian Iordache, Technological Development
Engineer II
Eng. Phys. Virgil Marinescu, Senior Researcher
PhD. Eng. Phys. Delia Pătroi, Technological Development
Engineer III
PhD. Eng. Magdalena LUNGU, Senior Researcher II
EXPERIMENTAL
During this stage, it was studied the process
of obtaining AZO targets, not sintered ceramic
ZnO:Al2O3 (98:2%) using a method that is less used,
Spark Plasma Sintering SPS - FCT System GmbH at
500oC and 600oC. For this purpose there was used
powders with high purity: ZnO (purity 99.9%) and
Al2O3 (purity 99.9%). ZnO and Al2O3 powders were
thermally treated at 600oC for 2 hours for removal of
any impurities. After the heat treatment the powders
are used in a mixing process which comprises several
stages: sieving through sieves with 200μm mesh
(used for granulometric separation and to mix the two
powders); 4 hours mixing at 60 rpm, the milling with
the planetary mill ball, with polyamide grinding chamber
and agate hard ball and homogenization through a new
sieving using 200μm sieve. Following this process was
obtained homogeneous powder (≤ 200μm).
Powder and target was characterized with X-ray
diffract meter Bruker - AXS D8 ADVANCE type and
scanning electron microscopy Crossbeam Workstation
(SEM-FIB) - Zeiss Auriga.
After the homogenization step, the powder was
subjected to X-ray diffraction using Bruker - type AXS
D8 Advance equipment. The measurement parameters:
X-ray copper anode tube, 40kV/40mA, kβ Ni filter, 0.04o
step, 2s point measurement, measuring range 20-80o.
In the fig. 1 shows the AZO powder diffraction, all
peaks correspond to ZnO as 01-071-6424 belonging
database International Centre for Diffraction Data. The
peaks corresponding to the aluminium does not occur,
this can be explained by the limited its incorporation
in the structure of ZnO, which is consistent with the
literature.
600
500
Intensitate (u.a.)
ABSTRACT
The project aims is to study the optical and electrical
properties of ZnO doped with Al - AZO thin films
(obtained from not sintered target), textured by wet
chemical etching (at room temperature) with potential
applications as transparent electrodes in solar cells. At
this stage, it was studied the process of obtaining AZO
targets, not sintered ceramic ZnO: Al2O3 (98:2%) using
a method that is less used, Spark Plasma SinteringSPS at 500oC and 600°C.
400
300
200
100
0
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
2 Theta (grade)
Fig. 1. X-ray diffraction spectra for AZO powder
Utilization of the spark sintering plasma method
for obtaining targets, it is necessary a carbon mould,
having a diameter of 50.08 mm and a height of 3mm.
The samples were heated to 500°C and that at 600°C,
applying a pressure of 125 MPa and maintaining these
parameters for 3 minutes and 30 seconds. After
pressing the mould together with the target were
cooled.
Further targets were characterized with X-ray
diffractometer Bruker - AXS D8 ADVANCE type.
The measurement parameters: X-ray copper anode
tube, 40kV/40mA, kβ Ni filter, 0.04o step, 2s point
measurement, measuring range 20-80o. In the fig. 2
shows the results obtained from this analysis. As can
be seen, all peaks belonging to ZnO which confirm that
a target was treated at a temperature lower than the
sintering. From the obtained diffraction patterns can
also be seen that the intensity of the peaks increase
with increasing temperature, so that the target treated
at 600°C have the highest degree of crystallinity.
a
b
Fig. 3. SEM image of the targets obtained at
500°C (a) and 600°C (b) (magnification of 100 000
x)
Intensitate (u.a.)
P2-600oC
P1-500oC
pulbereAZO
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
2Theta (grade)
Fig. 2. X-ray diffraction spectra
for AZO powder, sample P2 and P3 sample
Scanning electron microscopy analysis was performed
by workstation crossbeam (SEM-FIB) - Zeiss Auriga,
and the images obtained were performed to a
magnification of 100,000x, fig. 3. SEM images of the
target compressed at 500°C (fig. 3 a) shows that its
microstructure is characterized by a high porosity and
an inhomogeneity.
Also, there may be notice irregular polygonal particles.
When pressed at 600oC target can be observed also
irregular polygonal particles. Grains can be observed
which are composed of many particles, they retain their
polygonal shape. However pressed at 600°C AZO target
microstructure is characterized by an inhomogeneity and a high porosity (more than 500°C when pressed
target), these characteristics are in accordance with
the principles of recrystallization and growth theories
particles present in the first stage sintering.
CONCLUSIONS
Were obtained ZnO:Al2O3 targets pressed with spark
plasma sintering method at different temperatures
(500oC and 600oC). Following the study conducted
was revealed the following:
-
Oxide powders used must to be well homogenized
in a process which includes several steps (by sieving,
mixing in mill ball and then again sieving);
-
Pressing must be carried out at a pressure
minimum 120 MPa;
-
In order to obtain not sintered target, should be
carried out at a maximum temperature of 500°C, at
a highest temperature appear properties of the first
sintering step.
Considering the above, it is established that
experimental studies performed to obtain not sintered
AZO targets using spark plasma sintering method,
supplemented by a comprehensive characterization
(structural and morphological) are able to provide
important information.
REFERENCES
1. E.Fortunato, D.Ginley, H. Hosono, D.C.Paine,
Transparent conducting oxides for photovoltaics, MRS
Bulletin 32(3), p. 242-247 , 2007.
2. B.G.Lewis, D.C.Paine - Applications and processing
of transparent conducting oxides, MRS Bulletin 25(8),
p. 22-27, 2000.
3. E. Fortunato, A. Gonçalves, A. Pimentel, P.
Barquinha, G. Gonçalves, L. Pereira, I. Ferreira, R.
Martins, Zinc oxide, a multifunctional material: from
material to device applications, Applied Physics A 96,
p. 197–205, 2009.
The research was financed by Joint Cooperation
Programme – INCDIE ICPE‑CA Bucharest, Romania
– JINR Dubna, Russia, contract no. 04-4-10692009/2014 (31) / 2013.
Conductive multifunctional nanocomposites PMMA / graphite,
graphite oxide, graphene investigated by SANS method
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the research project in collaboration
with the JIRN Dubna, Russian is to investigate the
structure of graphene-polymer composites and their
derivatives by neutron scattering techniques at small
angles - SANS.
The general objective of the project is to design
and produce a series of multifunctional conductive
nanocomposite PMMA / nanographite, graphite
oxide, graphene used in electromagnetic interference,
consisting of three stages that take place over 3
years.
INTRODUCTION
Graphite, graphene and materials derived from them
has a huge scientific interest in recent years due to
the exceptional electrical properties, mechanical, high
specific surface and so on [1-4]. The applications of
the carbon composite materials was in reinventing
by the utilization of nano size derivates of graphite
us graphene, reduced graphene oxide, graphite oxide
and graphene oxide. An important role are played in
the polymeric composites because of the nanosise
derivates of graphite have the ability to change
drastically the mechanical, electrical and optical
properties of composites even at low amount [6-9].
The price of nanosize derivates of graphite present a
low cost comparative with nanotubes, unfortunately in
the both case the industrial processing is expansive.
The nanomaterials with structure related to the
graphite as nanographite, expanded nanographite,
graphene single and multilayer, and graphene with
oxygenate functional groups (graphite oxide and
graphene oxide) exhibit unique electrical, magnetic,
mechanical properties.
The project proposes is to design and produce a
series of multifunctional conductive composite PMMA
/graphite, nanographite, graphite oxide, graphene used
in electromagnetic interference application, classified
according to the nature and size of the additive that is
used on three classes of polymeric nanocomposites:
composite with graphite us etalon, composite with
graphite oxide, and composite with graphene.
Characterization support:
PhD. Eng. Iordoc Mihai, CS
PhD. Phys. Sbârcea Gabriela Beatrice, CS
Eng. Teişanu Aristofan, CS III
PhD. student Eng. Phys. Morari Cristian, CS, III,
Assist. Eng. Hajdu Carmen
EXPERIMENTAL
Multifunctional graphite/ PMMA composites with
graphite mass amount raging between 1-70% were
synthesized by hot pressing method. The samples
with graphite filler / PMMA matrix, were characterized
in terms of electromagnetic properties (electrical
conductivity versus frequency electric field strength
versus frequency transmitter and efficiency versus
frequency electromagnetic wave attenuation versus
frequency) at high frequencies between 0.6 -3 THz.
In order to fulfil the mechanical properties required
of a structural material for electromagnetic shielding,
mechanical testing was performed.
In order to determine the mechanical properties
mechanical test were performed using microhardness
type XMO 195 FM 700 series, CSM nanoindenter
with Berkovich diamond type 93, rod 0,2micron. From
nanoindentation tests using nanoindentation force
10 mN were calculated by Oliver & Pharr method the
Vickers hardness, Young’s modulus and stiffness.
The electromagnetic behaviour of the graphite /
PMMA composites in the electromagnetic field with
the frequency range from 0.6 to 3 THz is strongly
influenced by the content of carbon (Fig. 1) as
follows:
– Samples with high amount of carbon (20-70 %)
present high electromagnetic attenuation (> 175 dB),
–Samples with low content of carbon (1%) present
moderate electromagnetic attenuation (> 75 dB).
The results recommend these materials to be used
as structural materials for filters and electromagnetic
shielding in function of the filler concentration versus
frequency.
PhD. Eng. Ion Ioana, Senior Researcher CS III – project
responsible
Scientifically support:
PhD. Eng Lungu Magdalena, CS I
PhD. Eng Violeta Tsakiris, CS II
PhD. Eng Alina Caramitu, IDT II
Figure 1. Graphical representation of shielding
efficient at THz frequency
Mechanical properties of graphite/ PMMA composites
were influenced by filler content, the synthesizing
method and working parameters (temperature and
pressure). of the studied composites present Vickers
hardness with values comprised of 20-40 HV, while the
Vickers hardness of the polymer matrix present values
comprise of 50-53 HV, the hardness decreasing with
working temperature. The indentation hardness ranges
from 0.5 to 0.3 GPa, being inversely proportional to
the amount of filler. The rigidity is approximately equal
for all composites, ranging between 0.02 to 0.03 mN
/ mm, without no visible correlation. The Young’s
modulus is very closely for all composites, with
values range between 3.9 to 4 GPa, decreasing with
increasing graphite content. Depth of penetration (for
a 10 mN indentation force) is directly proportional to
the amount of filler introduced, showing values ranging
between 1000 and 1500 nm. Mechanical properties of
the investigated composites are comparable to those
of a multi layer wooden board.
Figure 2. Comparison of nanoindentations depth
curves under constant loading –unloading as a
function of time for graphite / PMMA composites
(33% graphite)
Figure 3. Typical load penetration depth curves for
graphite/ PMMA composites (33% graphite)
CONCLUSIONS
From the point of view of electromagnetic attenuation
the composites PMMA with high content of carbon
(20-70%) present high electromagnetic attenuation (>
175 dB), and those with low content of carbon (1%)
present moderate electromagnetic attenuation (> 75
dB). Relating to the concentration versus frequency,
they can be used as structural materials for filters and
electromagnetic shields.
The Vickers hardness, respectively Young’s modulus
of the graphite / PMMA composites range between
20-40 HV, respectively from 3.9 to 4 GPa, being
inversely proportional to the amount of filler. Depth
of penetration (for 10 mN indentation force used) is
directly proportional to the amount of filler introduced,
showing values between 1000 and 1500 nm.
Mechanical properties of graphite /PMMA composites
were influenced by filler content, the method of
obtaining and working parameters (temperature and
pressure), being comparable to that of a multi layer
wooden board.
REFERENCES
[1]. K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov,
D. Jiang, M. I. Katsnelson, I. V. Grigorieva, S. V.
Dubonos, A. A. Firsov, Two-dimensional gas of
massless Dirac fermions in grapheme, Nature, 438
197-200 (2005).
[2]. K. S. Novoselov, et al., Electric field effect in
atomically thin carbon films, Science 306, 666-669
(2004).
[3]. A. Fasolino, J. H. Los & M. I. Katsnelson, Intrinsic
ripples in grapheme, Nature Materials 6, 858-861
(2007)
[4]. J. C. Slonczewski & P. R. Weiss, Band structure
of graphite, Phys. Rev. 109, 272-279 (1958).
[5]. A. K. Geim & K. S. Novoselov, The rise of
grapheme, Nature Materials Vol 6 183-191 (March
2007)
[6]. P. R. Wallace, The band theory of graphite, Phys.
Rev. 71, 622-634 (1947).
[7]. Boehm H.P., Clauss A., Fischer G.O., Hofmann
U., The adsorption behaviour of very thin carbon
films, Z Anorg Allg Chem 1962; 316:119–27.
[8]. Novoselov K. S., Geim A. K., Morozov S. V.,
Jiang D., Zhang Y., Dubonos S. V., Grigorieva I. V.
and Firsov A. A., 2004 Science 306 666.
[9]. Weiwei Cai, Richard D. Piner, Yanwu Zhu,
Xuesong Li, Zhenbing Tan, Herman Carlo Floresca,
Changli Yang, Li Lu, M. J. Kim, Rodney S. Ruoff,
Synthesis of Isotopically-Labeled Graphite Films by
Cold-Wall Chemical Vapor Deposition and Electronic
Properties of Graphene Obtained from Such Films,
NanoRes2:851-856, 2009.
[10]. Ioana Ion, Alexei Zubarev, Ana Cucu, Adriana
Andronie, Stefan Iordache, Serban Stamatin, Iuliana
Pasuk, Ioan Stamatin, Graphenes proprieties obtained
from Graphite and Graphite Oxides, E-MRS 2011 Spring
& Bilateral Meeting, Acropolis Congress Centre in Nice,
France, May 9-13, 2011.
[11]. Xuesong Lia, Weiwei Caia, Jinho Ana, Seyoung
Kimb, Junghyo Nahb, Dongxing Yanga, Richard
Pinera, Aruna Velamakannia, Inhwa Junga, Emanuel
Tutucb, Sanjay K. Banerjeeb, Luigi Colomboc, Rodney
S. Ruoffa, Large-Area Synthesis of High-Quality and
Uniform Graphene Films on Copper Foils.
The research was funded by the Joint Cooperation
Programme – INCDIE ICPE‑CA Bucharest, Romania –
JINR Dubna, Russia, contract no. 30/2012, grant no.
4141-4-12/14-IUCN.
Investigation of crystalline and magnetic properties in micro- and
nanostructured systems based granular alloys
INTRODUCTION
The granular magnetic materials have become
very attractive for groups of researchers around the
world, especially in the current context of search for
new magnetic materials for the permanent magnets,
without rare earths, based on cheaper and nondeficitary raw materials. In these composites, magnetic
fine particles, of the order of a few nanometers, are
embedded by specific processing techniques, in a
metallic or insulating matrix. Due their microstructure
and of the possibility to configurate the properties and
the geometrical parameters, these materials possess
different properties, and sometimes more performing
when compared with their bulk counterparts. The
research efforts focus on identifying new Fe-based
alloys, with soft or hard magnetic properties. Another
area of study, as important as that mentioned above,
dealt with the giant magnetoresistance (GMR)
observed in granular nanostructures, many studies
being devoted to the investigation of GMR dependence
on materials microstructure [1 - 5]. The Fe-Cu and CoCu binary systems seem to be promising candidates
for the synthesis of granular alloys, with special
magnetic properties. The project aims (i) to prepare
glass-coated microwires and ribbons based micro- and
nanostructured alloys from the Cu-Co, Cu-Co-Ni, Fe-Cu
systems and (ii) to study their physical and structural
properties.
Dr. Eng. Mirela M. Codescu – project manager
Dr. Phys. Otilia Culicov
Prof. Dr. Phys. Wilhelm Kappel
Dr. Eng. Eugen Manta
Dr. Eng. Phys. Delia Pătroi
Dr. Eng. Phys. Eros A. Pătroi
Dr. Eng. Alexandru Iorga
PhDs. Eng. Phys. Virgil Marinescu
Techn. Georgeta Mărgineanu
Techn. Florentina Oprea
EXPERIMENTAL
It has been prepared, by Taylor–Ulitovski method [6]
Cu-Co and Cu-Co-Ni granular alloys, as glass-coated
metallic microwires (see figures 1a and 1b). The
prepared microwires have been investigated by optical
and scanning electronic microscopy.
a)
b)
Fig. 1 Aspects during a) the casting of the alloy
roads, used as precursor for microwires drawing
and b) the melting and drawing of the glass-coated
microwires
Fig. 4 SEM micrograph of Cu80Co19Ni1, glass-coated
microwires (x 10000)
The optical micrographs of the prepared microwires
(see figure 2) revealed the presence of the continuous
metallic core with diameter around 5 μm for Cu80Co20
microwires and around 8 μm for Cu80Co19Ni1 microwires,
isolated by a 7 μm thick glass coating (for both alloy
microwires).
Fig 5 SEM micrograph of Cu80Co20 glass-coated
a)
b)
Fig. 2 Optical micrographs of the a) Cu80Co20 and b)
Cu80Co19Ni1 alloy microwires
The SEM micrographs realised at 10000x magnitude
(see figures 3 and 4) show the microwires aspect at
metal / glass interface. The microstructure of Cu80Co20
microwires has been investigated by scanning electron
microscopy, at 50000x magnitude. It was emphasized
the presence of alotriomorph echiaxes grains, of the
oversaturated solution (see figure 5).
Fig. 3 SEM micrograph of Cu80Co20 glass-coated
The magnetic granular systems are generated by
a subsequent annealing of the oversaturated solution
at high temperatures. In order to create granular
structures, with the desired magnetic properties, in the
second stage of the project will be done annealing of
the studied alloys, leading to the segregation of two
phases, with fcc crystalline structure.
CONCLUSIONS
It has been prepared trough Taylor‑Ulitovski method
metallic glass-coated microwires, from Cu-Co and CuCo-Ni alloys. The investigations by scanning electronic
microscopy carried out a microstructure characterised
by the presence of alotriomorph echiaxes grains,
specific for the oversaturated solution. The subsequent
annealing will lead to the segregation of two phases,
with crystalline structure fcc type, being generated
in this way the granular structure in the synthesized
materials.
REFERENCES
[1] J. Wecker, R. von Helmolt, L. Schultz, K. Samwer,
Giant magnetoresistance in melt spun Cu‐Co alloys,
Appl. Phys. Lett. 62, 1985 - 1992 (1993).
[2] B. Dieny, A. Chamberod, C. Cowache, J. B. Genin,
S. R. Teixeira, R. Ferre, B. Barbara, Granular alloy
type giant magnetoresistance of discontinuous Co/
continuous Cu multilayered film, J. Magn. Magn. Mater.
126, 433 - 438 (1996).
[3] R. H. Yu, X. X. Zhang, J. Tejada, M. Knobel,
P. Tiberto, P. Allia, Magnetic properties and giant
magnetoresistance in melt-spun Co-Cu alloys, J. Appl.
Phys. 78, (1), 392 - 397 (1995).
[4] N. Kataoka, H. Endo, K. Fukamichi, Y. Shimada,
Giant Magnetoresistance in Cu-Co Alloys Produced
by Liquid Quenching, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 32, 1969 1970 (1993).
[5] Wuyan Lai, Microstructures of magnetic nanoscale
metallic multilayer and granular alloys with GMR
effects, Surf. Interface Anal., 36, 135–142 (2004).
[6] A. V. Ulitovski, Method of continuous fabrication of
microwires coated by glass, USSR Patent No. 128427,
1950.
The research was financed by National Programme
of Bilateral Scientific Cooperation with Joint Institute
for Nuclear Research - Dubna (Russia), Agreement no.
4247-4-2012/2014, contract no. 32/2013.
Bilateral Programme Romania – China
Prospective studies for assessing the opportunity to develop a bioreactor for energy generation based on organic waste and wastewaters
ABSTRACT
This project aims to develop contacts between two
research teams of ICPE CA, Romania and BIOMA,
China, for the implementation of biogas technologies
and recovery of the residual biomass local potential.
There has been achieved an assessment of the biomass
potential in the towns Avrig, Romania and Guangyuan,
China, by collecting and analyzing specific data locally.
Romanian specialists have visited Sichuan region of
China in scope of experience exchange for research
activities on biogas production. Visiting the Institute
BIOMA and selecting optimal location to build a
bioreactor in Guangyuan city, China, have also met an
important goal of this project first stage.
INTRODUCTION
The project has as a main scope to complete and
continue of some on-going researches carried out under
national research programs by creating connections
and communication tools at international level with
other research institutes having similar research goals.
China is well known for its national program to promote
and use of biogas.
In China, there have been installed more than 35
million household biogas plants up to now, ensuring
an annual production of ca. 12 million m3 biogas. The
goal proposed by the Chinese government for the year
2020 in developing of biogas sector is to have achieved
ca. 80 million biogas plants [1].
Cooperation between the Romanian partner ICPE-CA
and the Chinese partner BIOMA is important and
beneficial to both parties. The Romanian partner has
ongoing a national project Nucleu entitled “Increasing
the efficiency of equipments and technological
processes for the conversion of energy from renewable
resources”, in which research on the optimization of
the anaerobic bioreactors is conducted. The need to
exchange experiences in the application of the research
results, with real benefits for both sides, is an important
goal of this project.
Dr. Eng. Carmen Mateescu, CS III – head of the
project
Dr. Eng. Corina Alice Băbuţanu, CS
Dr. Eng. Radu-Bujor Mirea, IDT III
Biol. Nicoleta Butoi, ACS
PhDs.Eng. Nicolae Tănase, ACS
EXPERIMENTAL
In the first project stage 2013 information regarding
the responsible entities for implementing the project
has been collected.
There have been presented the current status
and future concerns concerning the developing of
renewable energy based projects in the communities
of Avrig, Sibiu, Romania and Guangyuan, Sichuan
Region, China. Furthermore, there have been shown
the economic sectors like agriculture and zootechnics
which generates organic waste to be recovered to feed
a bioreactor. The arable land and pastures areas have
been assessed and specific crops have been mentioned
in this stage report.
Moreover, the registered local farms, data on
population dynamics and labour force, information
about climate and relief, the current situation of water
supply, the sewerage system, the potential for organic
sludge generated in waste water treatment plants
as well as aspects related to domestic and industrial
waste management have been reported [2].
The concerns of local officials to implement clean
energy technologies in Avrig and Guangyuan have
been highlighted. There have also been presented local
programs for renewable energy sector [1], [3].
Likewise, the opportunity and need for developing
of some more local programs based on renewable
sources by implementing a bioreactor for biogas
production from organic waste and wastewater has
been presented [4], [5].
The data collected on-site have shown that it is
appropriate to implement a bioreactor to generate
energy from alternative sources in the related towns
Avrig and Guangyuan.
The bioreactor proposed to be developed based
on the current prospective studies is a hybrid system
that combines different techniques and methods for
generating energy (biomass, photovoltaic, pneumatic,
wind) starting from anaerobic digestion of biomass
such as biodegradable waste (food waste, catering
residuals, municipal organic waste, agro-zootechnical
waste, etc.), but also energy crops. [6].
The two municipalities have set out in their local
development plan designing and implementation of
a high capacity bioreactor, in scope of solving the
problem of waste and sludge generated in sewage
treatment plants while providing biogas, electricity and
heat, as well as ecological fertilizers. [1], [5].
Within this project stage, work visits of Romanian
specialists in China have been done where the partner
institute BIOMA and its ongoing projects on biogas
technology have been presented. The guests visited
the laboratories of the institute and attended some
experimental research activities for biomass recovery
to biogas.
There have been visited several biogas plants
developed and implemented by BIOMA Institute in
Sichuan Province in the following cities: Guangyuan
district Yuanba - biogas plant from Weifeng Agriculture
Co. Ltd, Yongwang District Wangcang - biogas reactor
Wangcang County, Sichuan Province, Yixing district
Xichong - biogas plant of Nonsheng Company, Xichong
County and biogas in progress to Nonsheng Company,
Xichong County.
In the figures below there are shown some
representative images from the activities of experience
exchange at BIOMA Institute, China, as well as during
work visits made in Sichuan region.
Fig. 3. Experimental research in BIOMA
Fig. 4. Biogas plant at Weifeng Agriculture Co. Ltd., Guangyuan
Fig. 1. Dissemination of research results in
BIOMA
Fig. 2. Conclusion and final remarks
CONCLUSIONS
By achieving the activities of this project stage
entitled “Prospective studies on the local potential of
organic waste and wastewater; Analysis of current
status on treatment and recovery of waste and
wastewater. Work visits”, the project goals to establish
contacts between two research teams having common
objectives in implementation of new technologies for
the production of energy from renewable sources, in
recovery of the local potential of residual biomass and
reduce dependence on fossil fuels, have been met in
its entirety.
Assessing the potential of organic waste and
wastewater in the towns Avrig, Romania and
Guangyuan, China, which have envisaged in their local
development plan to implement a bioreactor for the
production of energy, has been proved an essential
step to justify the necessity and feasibility of the
investment.
Through the implementation of this project, there
will be possible to provide the community biogas,
electricity, heat, materials extracted from algae as well
as organic fertilizers. In addition, by the implementation
of this bioreactor, a solution for waste and waste water
recovery will be provided. This solution will bring direct
benefits to the local agricultural development, will
lead to the creation of new jobs in rural areas and will
reduce the phenomenon of inhabitants’ migration from
rural to urban areas [6].
REFERENCES
[1] Report on Low-Carbon Development in Guangyuan,
publication elaborated by Guangyuan Municipal
Development and reform Commission and Guangyuan
Municipal Low carbon Development Bureau
[2] Strategy for Sustainable Development of Avrig city,
2008-2013;
[3] S.C. AQUACON PROIECT S.A. Sibiu, Studiu de
evaluare adecvata: PLAN URBANISTIC GENERAl, Avrig
city, judeţul Sibiu şi localităţile aparţinătoare acestuia;
[4] Report of activities for the year 2011 of Avrig
Municipality;
[5] Local Energy Program, local contribution for fighting
against climate changes. Integrated model for energy
efficient communities, Avrig Municipality, March
2011;
[6] Patent application no. A00226/2011 “Bioreactor
pentru generare de energie din surse alternative”,
Authors: Assmann Allo, Rottmayr Sepp, Carmen
Mateescu, Kappel Wilhelm, Klingeris Arnold, Sinca
Maria, Tanasescu Florin Teodor, Nate Silviu
Capacităţi Programme / Modul III – Romania-China
bilateral cooperation, Contract no. 611/2013.
Bilateral Programme Romania – Italy
Advanced techniques and interdisciplinary studies for improved
assessment of historical parchment documents
ABSTRACT
The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was
used for assessment of the deterioration degree of
parchments extracted from Italian and Romanian
documents. In this purpose, for each sample of
parchment, the DSC analyses in water excess and in
nitrogen flow were performed for putting in evidence
the degradation on amorphous and crystalline zones.
The obtained results will ground the conservation
treatments and the restoration procedures of the
investigated documents.
INTRODUCTION
The main objectives of INCDIE ICPE-CA were:
a. The elaboration of an analytical protocol for
characterization of parchments from patrimonial objects
that is based on the thermal analysis techniques.
b. Investigation of the degradation of some Romanian
and Italian documents made from parchment as a
result of the environmental conditions.
Dr. Chem. Budrugeac Petru – project responsible
Dr. Chem. Cucoş Andrei
Eng. Chiose Ileana Laura
EXPERIMENTAL
Materials
It was investigated samples of parchments extracted
from the Italian and Romanian documents supplied
by:
- National Military Museum King Ferdinand I,
Bucharest;
- National Museum of Moldavia, Iasi;
- City Museum of Bucharest;
- V. A. Urechia Library, Galati;
- Archivio Storico dell’Università degli Studi di Torino;
- Archivio Storico della Città di Torino.
It was also analyzed some sorts of recent parchments
manufactured by INCDTP‑ICPI Bucharest.
Methods
The used method was the differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC) with the apparatus DSC 204 F1
Phoenix – produced by NETZSCH GERATEBAU GMBH
– Germany. The analyses were performed in the
following two conditions: DSC analysis of the samples
immersed in water and DSC analyses of the direct
extracted samples, in high purity nitrogen flow.
Figure 1 shows the DSC curve obtained for a
sample of parchment manufactured from goat skin,
immersed in water for 24 h; similar DSC curves were
also obtained for all investigated parchments [1, 2].
The extrapolated onset temperature of denaturation
in water is equal with the shrinkage temperature (Ts) and
is a measure of the degradation degree of the analyzed
material. For a recent manufactured parchment, this
temperature is about 600C (±1.50C), while for de
degraded parchment this is lower than 560C. The
degradation degree increases with the decrease of
shrinkage temperature.
Figure 2 shows the DSC curve obtained in nitrogen
flow for an old parchment sample; similar DSC curves
were also obtained for all investigated parchments. At
the progressive heating of sample of parchment, in the
temperature range of 250C...2550C, two successive
endothermic processes occur, namely dehydration and
the melting of the crystalline zone of material. The
crystalline zone of material stability is characterized by
the value of melting temperature, which corresponds
to the minimum of the second endothermic peak.
Fig. 2. DSC curve of sample of new parchment
manufactured from sheep skin, analyzed in nitrogen
flow
For each sort of parchment, several samples
extracted from different places were analyzed.
Values of the shrinkage temperatures determined
by DSC method were compared with those obtained
by Micro Hot Method (MHT), applied by INCDTP-ICPI
Bucharest. The obtained results are shown in Figs. 3
and 4.
Textr(DSC)
Ts(MHT)
70
65
Ts/0C
60
55
50
Fig. 1. DSC curve of sample of new parchment
manufactured from calf skin, analyzed in water
excess
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Fig. 3. The values of Ts determined by DSC and MHT
methods for some samples of recent manufactured
parchments. The used skins for preparation of
parchments are: 1-7 calf; 10-15 goat; 16 sheep
Textr(DSC)
Ts(MHT)
70
65
Ts/0C
60
CONCLUSIONS
some parchments extracted from Italian and Romanian
documents. The hydrothermal and crystalline stabilities
were determined by these analyses.
The obtained results will ground the conservation
treatments and the restoration procedures of the
investigated documents.
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
a high degradation of the amorphous zone.
For all analyzed parchments and parchments, the
melting temperatures exhibit close values. This means
that the natural aging of the investigated materials
does not change their crystalline zone.
0
2
4
6
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Fig. 4. The values of Ts determined by DSC and
MHT methods for some samples of parchments
extracted from old documents. 1-10 Archivio Storico
dell’Università degli Studi di Torino), 11 – 15 Archivio
Storico della Città di Torino, 12 – 24 old Romanian
documents (XV – XIX centuries)
REFERENCES
[1] C. Chahine, Changes in hydrothermal stability of
leather and parchment with deterioration: a DSC study,
Thermochim. Acta, 365, 2000, pp. 101-110.
method for damage, 9, 2008, 146.
The research project was financed by the Joint
Scientific Cooperation Romania – Italy, contract no.
638/2013 (4292 / 2013).
The analysis of the results given in these figures
shows:
- The values of Ts determined by DSC and MHT
methods are closed. The low differences are due to
the material heterogeneity and to differences between
the heating rates at which the determinations were
performed (10 K.min-1 for DSC and 2 K.min-1 for
MHT);
- For numerous samples of parchments, the shrinkage
temperature is lower than 560C. These samples exhibit
Bilateral Programme Romania – Austria
Establish the optimum environment conditions for the preservation
of historical parchment documents
INTRODUCTION
The main objectives of INCDIE ICPE-CA were:
a. The elaboration of an analytical protocol for
characterization of parchments that is based on the
thermal analysis techniques.
b. Investigation of the degradation of some sorts of
parchment artificially aged in some conditions.
Dr. Chem. Budrugeac Petru – project responsible
Dr. Chem. Cucoş Andrei
Eng. Chiose Ileana Laura
EXPERIMENTAL
Materials, conditions of accelerated ageing
It was performed accelerated ageing of some sorts
of parchments manufactured by the partner INCDTPICPI Bucharest from calf, sheep, and goat skins. The
conditions of ageing were:
- humidity heating at 800C and relative humidity
(RH) 80%; durations of ageing: 1; 2; 4; 8; 16 and 32
days;
- UV irradiation at room temperature; durations of
ageing: 1; 2; 4; 8; 16 and 32 hours.
Methods
The used method was the differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC) with the apparatus DSC 204 F1
Phoenix – produced by NETZSCH GERATEBAU GMBH
– Germany. The analyses were performed in the
following two conditions: DSC analysis of the samples
immersed in water and DSC analyses of the direct
extracted samples, in high purity nitrogen flow.
Figure 1 shows the DSC curve obtained for a sample
of parchment, immersed in water for 24 h; similar
DSC curves were also obtained for all investigated
parchments [1, 2].
0.25
0.20
Φ/W.g-1
ABSTRACT
In order to put in evidence of the effect of
environmental factors on the parchments, the
accelerated ageing (800C+80% relative humidity; UV
irradiation) of some sorts of parchments manufactured
from animal skins (calf, sheep, and goat) was
performed.
parchments as a result of accelerated ageing. In this
purpose, for each sample of parchment, the DSC
analyses in water excess and in nitrogen flow were
performed for putting in evidence the degradation on
amorphous and crystalline zones.
0.15
0.10
ENDO
0.05
0.00
Textr
55
60
65
70
T/0C
Fig. 1. A typical DSC curve for a wet recent
manufactured parchment
The extrapolated onset temperature of denaturation
in water is equal with the shrinkage temperature (Ts) and
is a measure of the degradation degree of the analyzed
material. For a recent manufactured parchment, this
temperature is about 600C (±1.50C), while for de
degraded parchment this is lower than 560C. The
degradation degree increases with the decrease of
shrinkage temperature.
Figure 2 shows the DSC curve obtained in nitrogen
flow for a parchment sample; similar DSC curves were
also obtained for all investigated parchments.
I
0.8
Φ/W.g-1
0.6
0.4
II
0.2
ENDO
0.0
50
100
150
200
250
T/0C
Fig. 2. DSC curve obtained by analysis in nitrogen
flow and 100C.min-1 of a sample of parchment
At the progressive heating of sample of parchment, in
the temperature range of 250C...2550C, two successive
endothermic processes occur, namely dehydration and
the melting of the crystalline zone of material. The
crystalline zone of material stability is characterized by
the value of melting temperature, which corresponds
to the minimum of the second endothermic peak.
For each sort of parchment, several samples
extracted from different places were analyzed.
Values of the shrinkage temperatures determined
by DSC method were compared with those obtained
by Micro Hot Method (MHT), applied by the partner
INCDTP-ICPI Bucharest. The obtained results are
shown in Fig. 3.
70
Textr(DSC)
Ts(MHT)
The results analysis shows that close values of Ts
were determined by DSC and MHT methods. The low
differences are due to the material heterogeneity and
to differences between the heating rates at which the
determinations were performed (10 K.min-1 for DSC
and 2 K.min-1 for MHT).
Figures 4-6 show the dependencies of the shrinkage
temperature on the duration of accelerated ageing,
for different parchments and conditions of ageing.
For humid ageing at 800C and 80%RH, the values of
Ts increase when the ageing duration increase (see
Fig. 4). For UV irradiation, the shape of the curve Ts
vs. t is complex. It results that at UV irradiation, the
parchments exhibit a complex process of deterioration,
which could consist by breaking of cross-linking
bonds, followed by partial remake of these bonds. In
order to clear up this complex mechanism, the results
obtained by DSC analyses must be correlated with
those obtained by other physical-chemical methods.
64
62
60
58
56
54
52
50
48
0
65
5
10
15 20
t/day
25
30
Fig. 4. The change of Ts of a parchment (calf)
subjected to accelerated ageing by humid heating
Ts/0C
60
55
50
Parchment calf
800C; 80% RH
Ts/0C
1.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Fig. 3. The values of Ts determined by DSC and MHT
methods for some samples of recent manufactured
parchments. The used skins for preparation of
parchments are: 1-7 calf; 10-15 goat; 16 sheep
For all analyzed parchments and parchments, the
melting temperatures exhibit close values. This means
that the natural aging of the investigated materials
does not change their crystalline zone.
64
UV - parchment-calf
CONCLUSIONS
It was performed accelerated ageing of some sorts
of parchments manufactured by the partner INCDTPICPI Bucharest from calf, sheep, and goat skins. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was
parchments as a result of accelerated ageing. The
hydrothermal and crystalline stabilities were determined
by these analyses.
Ts/0C
60
REFERENCES
[1] C. Chahine, Changes in hydrothermal stability of
leather and parchment with deterioration: a DSC study,
Thermochim. Acta, 365, 2000, pp. 101-110.
method for damage, 9, 2008, 146.
56
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
t/h
The research project was financed by the Joint
Scientific Cooperation Romania – Austria, contract no.
549/2012 (7096 / 2012).
Fig. 5. The change of Ts of a parchment (calf)
subjected to UV irradiation
62
UV- parchment-goat
60
Ts/0C
58
56
54
52
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
t/h
Fig. 6. The change of Ts of a parchment (goat)
subjected to UV irradiation
Sectoral Operational Programme
Advanced research for obtaining carbo-graphite heat resistant
materials, exposed to irradiation, with high life time, for seal rings
ABSTRACT
The main goal of the project consists in obtaining of
some carbo-graphite heat resistant materials, exposed
to irradiation, with high life time for seal rings.
The importance of the materials used for nuclear
plant’s equipments is done both by the special
functional conditions and required reliability.
The seal rings obtained during the project, are
designed for use in nuclear power plants where are
required specific operational conditions (temperature
and radiation)
Project Staff
Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Kappel – Project Manager
Dr. Elena Enescu
Eng. Sorina Adriana Mitrea
Eng. Radu Bujor Mirea
Eng. Iulian Iordache
Dr. Petru Budrugeac
Dr. Alina Caramitu
Eng. Delia Patroi
Dr. Traian Zaharescu
Eng. Virgil Marinescu
Eng. Violeta Tsakiris
Dr. Magdalena Lungu
Asst. Eng. Carmen Hajdu
EXPERIMENTAL
1. Have been identified and documented methods
for evaluating the behaviour of carbo-graphitic material
at temperature and radiation respectively, developing
a rapid method for estimating the material behaviour
under irradiation combined with heat stress.
2. Were been performed, using the technological
facilities located solely in equipping of SC ROSEAL
SA Odorheiu Secuiesc, three experimental models of
resistant Carbon materials subjected to irradiation with
long lifetime , for seal rings: MCTIF – experimental
model of carbo-graphitic material with phenolic
impregnation material based on resin RESITAL B type;
MCTIP - experimental model of carbo-graphitic material
with polyester impregnation material and MCIT Ez
665 - experimental model of carbo-graphitic material
with impregnation material based on ecological LISA
1 type.
For each of the three experimental models have
been established both technological parameters on
each stage of the workflow execution and control
parameters intermediate/ final functional tests required
to verify the quality of their products and ensure
reproducibility of the manufacturing process. Complete
tests have been performed on the technological flow.
3. The three experimental models have undergone a
full program of tests and analysis in accordance with
the assessment methods identified, namely:
- Determination of thermal behaviour of solid
materials and products by means of simultaneous
thermal analysis (STA) thermo gravimetric analysis and
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC + TG );
- Determination of material thermo-oxidation stability
using the chemo-luminescence method;
- Quick Estimation of temperature and radiation
behaviour by determining the changes in mechanical
properties (compression strength, flexural strength and
hardness Rockwell) under heat stress combined with
irradiation.
The tests were conducted on the technological
equipment and devices fitted to SC ROSEAL SA,
while tests, analyzes and measurements to assess
experimental models (in accordance with the methods
for evaluating behaviour of carbo-graphitic material
under temperature and radiation) were conducted
exclusively on equipment fitted to ICPE – CA.
Based on the results obtained in the previous phases
of the project “CARBOTIR” on technology and
facilities available to SC ROSEAL, was established
the technology to obtain some carbo-graphite heat
resistant materials, exposed to irradiation, with high
life time for seal rings. This technology has been used
to obtain the experimental models with the three
different impregnation materials and therefore the
processing conditions.
Regarding the ultimate control of experimental models,
based on the investigations, have been established as
crucial to the project specific application the following
measurements:
•
Determination of density;
•
Analysis of macroscopic appearance achieved by
optical microscopy technique;
•
Determination
of
mechanical
properties
(compression strength, flexural strength and
Rockwell hardness);
•
Leakage - functional test.
During the characterization program, have highlighted
the following:
Thermal behaviour [1]:
• All experimental subjected to analysis does not
show significant degradation at 2000C (high maximum
temperature expected to be reached by accident is
150°C). Moreover, were observed some periods with
improved behaviour after exposure to temperature in
combination with irradiation;
• MCTIF - up to 2000C, the total mass loss (indicator
of thermal degradation) stood at 1.76 %, reaching a
maximum of 2.13% after exposure to temperature
combined with irradiation. The maximum degradation
speed is reached at about 5360C;
• MCTIP - up to 2000C, the total mass loss stood
at 3.34 %, with decrease to 1.18 % after exposure to
temperature combined with irradiation. The maximum
degradation speed is reached at about 5770C;
• MCIT - up to 2000C, the total mass loss stood
at 0.83 %, which is also found after exposure to
temperature combined with irradiation. The maximum
degradation speed is reached at about 5720C.
Thermo-oxidation stability using the chemoluminescence method [2]:
• In all cases, the actual temperature of the start of
the degradation process (oxidation) is greater than the
expected operating temperature of the sealing rings
(150oC);
Fig. 1. CL curve for MCTIF model
Fig. 2. CL curve for MCTIP model
Fig. 3. CL curve for MCTIE model
MCTIP respectively MCITE - onset temperature of
degradation (oxidation) is 180°C, very close to the
maximum temperature expected to be reached during
operation inadvertently sealing rings (150oC);
• Under normal conditions, all materials have the
same willingness to oxidize, which does not distinguish
them, especially to a temperature of 150°C;
• After exposure for 10 days at 1800C, the materials
are however different oxidation rates: the lowest speed
(slowest oxidation) is associated to model MCTIP;
• Prolonged exposure to maximum temperature
and irradiation to the maximum dose expected to be
absorbed by accident during operation (10MRad) does
not affect the stability of the materials, which are
designated to be suitable for the specific application
project. Under these test conditions, however, the
stable model is MCIT.
Fast Estimation of temperature and radiation behavior
by determining the change in mechanical properties of
heat stress combined with irradiation [3]:
• mechanical characteristics do not suffer major
changes in heat stress and / or irradiation for all three
experimental models tested. Thus:
• for MCTIF -by applying radiation in combination
with heat stress, there is a variation in the compression
strength of approx. 10%, in bending strength of approx.
8%, while the practical values of Rockwell hardness
falls in the machine error (0.2%);
• for MCTIP- by applying thermal stress in combination
with radiation there is a variation in the compression
strength of approx. 11%, in bending strength of approx.
6%, while Rockwell hardness values practically do not
change.
• for MCIT - by applying thermal stress in combination
with radiation there is a variation in the compression
strength of approx. 18%, but with improved values after
exposure for 10 days at 1800C (due to the completion
of the curing process of impregnating material), in
bending strength of approx. 4%, while the practical
values of Rockwell hardness does not change.
CONCLUSIONS
- It was drafted the assessment methods manual for
carbo-graphitic material behaviour at high temperature
and radiation;
-There were performed three experimental models
of carbo-graphite heat resistant material, exposed to
irradiation, with high life time for seal rings;
-The three experimental models were been
characterized according to the methods for evaluating
of the carbo-graphitic material behaviour at temperature
and radiation.
Setpoints required values for the corresponding
mechanical characteristics specific application project
- seal-rings are:
- compression strength: min. 100 MPa;
- bending strength: min. 50 MPa, both normal and
heat stress conditions combined with irradiation;
- relative to the corresponding mechanical
characteristics required for the specific application
project - ring seal material - the MCITE model does not
fall within the requirements;
- MCTIF model presents the appropriate values for the
test under normal conditions (102.14MPa compression
strength value and 53.73MPa bending strength value)
and decreases slightly below the required values under
combined heat stress and radiation (91.58MPa for
compression strength value), but remains within limits
for the bending strength (50.03MPa);
- MCTIP model presents the best values of mechanical
resistance even under heat stress combined with
irradiation (average values for compression strength of
117MPa and flexural strength of 54MPa).
In all cases, mean Rockwell hardness was within
the limits of 123-128 units.
- The methods for evaluating the behaviour of
carbo-graphitic material under temperature and
radiation conditions, shows that experimental models
type MCTIF and MCTIP fall in the range of technical
features values required for specific application of the
“CARBOTIR” project, with an addition to maintaining
the mechanical characteristics for MCTIP type model.
- For all tests were been used the supplied equipment
and analytical techniques established in accordance
with project objectives.
REFERENCES
[1] P. Budrugeac, E. Segal, The application of the
thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and of the differential
thermal analysis (DTA) for rapid thermal endurance
testing of electrical insulating materials, J. Thermal.
Anal., 53 (1998) 801.
[2] T. Zaharescu, P. Budrugeac, Thermal effect of low
dose irradiation, Polym. Bull., 49 (2002) 297.
[3] Romanian Standards Association, Electrical
insulating materials. Properties of thermal endurance,
SR EN 60216(2003) The research was financed by grants, in the frame
of Sectoral Operational Programme “Increase of
Economic Competitiveness” SOP IEC, Priority Axis 2:
Research, technological development and innovation
for competitiveness, Key Area of Intervention 2.1.
– R&D partnerships between universities/research
institutes, and enterprises for generating results
directly applicable in economy, Operation 2.1.1: Joint
R&D projects between universities/research institutes
and enterprises, contract 4942/4.1 (7081/2011).
Integrated services based on satellite data processing
ABSTRACT
In this project ICPE-CA has contracted consulting
services for innovation in protecting intellectual property
rights. The Subcontractor is SC Software Development
and Research Centre SRL.
INTRODUCTION
The objectives of this services contract consist of
providing specific deliverables for intellectual property
rights protection.
Eng. Ion Ivan, TDE I, Director of Technology Transfer
Centre ICPE-CA (CTT ICPE‑CA) – head of the project
Eng. Elena Macamete, Senior Researcher III, Intellectual
Property Counsellor
ICPE-CA during 2013 provided the following
deliverables:
- 2 models of contract specific clauses on intellectual
property rights protection;
- models of minutes for internal approval which
identify results and assign intellectual property rights;
- long-term strategy for protecting intellectual
property rights.
CONCLUSIONS
The materials produced by ICPE-CA ensure the
adoption of appropriate measures on the protection
of technical innovations, results which may be
achieved in the project. These measures are specific
clauses contained in contracts between employer and
employee.
Also, long-term strategy to protect intellectual
property rights provides the framework for making
internal policy within the company regarding the
acquisition and exploitation of intellectual property
rights.
The research was financed in the frame of Sectoral
Operational Programme "Increase of Economic
Competitiveness" SOP IEC, Priority Axis 2: Research,
technological development and innovation for
competitiveness, Key Area of Intervention 2.3. Enterprises access to RDI activities, Operation 2.3.3.
Promotion of innovation within enterprises, contract
no. 33/2013 (1072/2013).
Competitiveness and Innovation
Programme (CIP)
BisNet Transylvania - Business and Innovation Support Network for SMEs from Transylvania
ABSTRACT
BisNet Transylvania is a project funded by the European
Commission under the Competitiveness and Innovation
Programme, which gives the partner institutions in the
project the membership in the Enterprise Europe Network.
Enterprise Europe Network is a key instrument in the
EU strategy to boost SME growth. The network brings
together 570 business support organizations in 45
countries whose mission is to support small businesses
to take full advantage of business opportunities from
the European Union.
INTRODUCTION
Enterprise Europe Network is managed by
the Executive agency for Small and Medium
sized Enterprises (EASME) and is part of the
Competitiveness and Innovation Program (CIP). The
Enterprise Europe Network (EEN) [1] is a support
network for SMEs in Business and Innovation, with
one stop shop for information on EU legislation,
opportunities for funding, assistance in finding
business and technology partners in EU and helps to
develop the research and innovation capacity of SMEs.
Transylvania BisNet consortium include the developing
regions of the northwest and centre of Romania,
bringing together seven partner organizations to
support SMEs in a macro region 1: Northwest Regional
Development Agency from Cluj, Central Regional
Development Agency Alba Iulia, Technological and
Business Incubator ICPE‑CA (ITA ECOMAT ICPE-CA) Sf.
Gheorghe from the National Research and Development
Institute for Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA, Technical
University of Cluj, Technology Transfer Centre from
the National Institute of Research and Development of
Opto-electronic - Cluj Napoca.
PhD student Eng. Erdei Remus, Scientific Researcher –
head of the project
Dr. Eng. Codescu Mirela, Scientific Researcher I
Dr. Eng. Alecu Georgeta, Scientific Researcher I
Eng. Macamete Elena, IPR Adviser
Ec. Szasz Reka Eva
Eng. Onică Ciprian, Assistant Researcher
Eng. Alecuşan Florin, Assistant Researcher
EXPERIMENTAL
Through the project was provided support services
for SMEs, the main services were:
- consulting services for accessing European
funding;
- assistance for finding business partners and
technology partners;
- information services on EU law.
The services offered by the BisNet Transylvania
consortium particularly are addressed to SMEs, the
services offered trough the network are free, and there
are provide the following main services:
Fig. 1. Logo Enterprise Europe Network
- assistance for SMEs to expand their business in
the European Union market by finding a partner for
business and technological cooperation;
- information and advice on accessing European
funding sources, especially to encourage the
participation in research programs;
- partner search for research projects;
- information on European legislation and services
regarding intellectual property rights;
INCDIE ICPE-CA as a partner in the consortium BisNet
Transylvania has achieved the following results:
- Promoting the services offered by Enterprise
Europe Network by organizing local events for SMEs
development of a website for the inform of SMEs,
publishing articles about the Enterprise Europe
Network, on the third network websites, realization of
Competitiveness and Innovation Programme (CIP)
a database of potential clients of the central region of
the country, realization of newsletter with topics on
EU issues;
- Promotion of SMEs on European market through
the database of the Enterprise Europe Network by
making business cooperation profiles and technology
cooperation profiles in order to facilitate finding
business partners in the European Union;
- Encouragement of the SMEs to access European
funding programmes by identifying the right funding
call for the SME and advice for filling the forms;
- Information regarding the European legislation and
advice on industrial property rights for filling and
submitting the documentation for patens;
CONCLUSIONS
Over 100 SME’s have benefited from the services of
the network by which were provided by INCDIE ICPECA partner, services such as:
- organizing events whit relevant EU topics for
SMEs;
- consultancy services for accessing European Funds
5 SMEs;
- intellectual property service 9 SMEs;
- business partnership proposal 5 SMEs;
- first company meetings 20 SMEs;
- feedback activities concerning European law 5
SMEs participation;
- partnership agreements: signed 2.
The implementation period of the project is 20132014.
REFERENCES
[1]. http://een.ec.europa.eu
The project was financed by the Competitiveness
and Innovation Framework Programme, under the
agreement no. 225559 / 9.
Fig. 2. Competitiveness and Innovation
Framework Programme Logo
Facts and scientific events
Scientific events organized or co-organized
by INCDIE ICPE-CA
Symposium of Young Researchers in the field of MEMS and NEMS,
3rd edition, September 19, 2013, Bucharest, Conference Room
INCDIE ICPE-CA
The scientific event took place on September 19,
2013, in the Conference Room of INCDIE ICPE‑CA
and began with the launch of Excellence Centre for
Initiation of Young Olympics to Scientific Research,
as well as Press Conference dedicated to the silver
medal obtained by young Olympics of „Tudor Vianu”
National College of Informatics (coordinated by Dr.
Eng. Mircea Ignat, Head of Department for Micro-NanoElectrotechnologies of INCDIE ICPE‑CA) at International
Environment Sustainability Project Olympiad INESPO
2013, The Netherlands.
After the process of papers selection (peer review
evaluation), the symposium papers were published in
Bulletin of Micro and Nanoelectrotehnologies, ISSN
2069-1505, publication of the Department for MicroNano-Electrotechnologies within INCDIE ICPE‑CA.
Workshop of Romanian Electrical Engineering History, 6th edition,
October 10, 2013, Bucharest, Conference Room INCDIE ICPE-CA
This scientific event was organized by our institute
INCDIE ICPE-CA with Romanian Electrical Engineering
Committee (CER) on October 10, 2013, Bucharest.
The workshop was attended by teachers from the
universities of Bucharest, researchers from ICPE‑CA,
“Dimitrie Leonida” Museum, Museum of Politehnica
University of Bucharest and from other organizations.
On this occasion was launched the Journal of
Romanian Electrical Engineering History (Revista de
Istoria Electrotehnicii Romanesti), who will write
the regularly issues related to personalities and
organizations in the field. The Journal will be published
two times in 2014, and quarterly in 2015.
evaluation), the workshop papers were published in
the Journal of Romanian Electrical Engineering History
(Revista de Istoria Electrotehnicii Romanesti), vol. I,
no.1, October 2013, ISSN 2066‑7965, publication of
the Department for Micro-Nano-Electrotechnologies
within INCDIE ICPE‑CA.
Round table INGIMED XIV “Biomedical engineering 2013:
knowledge enhanced and extended life”, November 7, 2013,
Bucharest, INCDIE ICPE-CA conference room
This scientific event was organized by our institute
INCDIE ICPE-CA with the Romanian Federation of
Biomedical Engineering FRIB.
The workshop was attended by researchers,
doctors, managers, students (Politehnica University
of Bucharest, University of Medicine and Pharmacy
“Carol Davila” Bucharest) and high school students
(“Sf.Sava” National College, “Tudor Vianu” National
College of Informatics, “Iulia Hasdeu” National College,
“Grigore Moisil” National College) with interest in
bioengineering field.
evaluation), the workshop papers were published in
the Bulletin of Micro and Nanoelectrotehnologies, ISSN
2069-1505, publication of the Department for MicroNano-Electrotechnologies within INCDIE ICPE‑CA.
The second meeting of PROFIS project, April 18-19, 2013, Bucharest
It was a regular meeting of the project; the
methodology proposals were discussed for interviews
and for National Report on financing the innovation
and also activities to be conducted in the second half
of 2013.
On the second day was organized a Benchmarking
workshop on innovation competitions in South-East
Europe.
Energy Lab1, RENERGY project, May 16, 2013, Bucharest
Energy Lab2, RENERGY project, December 3, 2013, Bucharest
The event was a workshop organized by the
RENERGY project in which ICPE-CA is the expert. It
were presented a series of case studies carried out
by the project partners and self-evaluation on the use
of RES (Renewable Energy) and EE (Energy Efficiency)
made by Avrig City Hall.
The second workshop of the RENERGY project
presented the case studies of regional partners and
good practice identified at external partners.
National and international trade fairs and
exhibitions at which INCDIE ICPE‑CA
attended and results
International trade fairs and exhibitions
No.
1
International trade fair / exhibition
Results of INCDIE ICPE-CA
The 41st International Exhibition of Inventions, April 10 ♦ Process for obtaining microporous
– 14, 2013, Geneva - Switzerland
ceramic granules based on calcium
phosphates
Authors: Ţârdei Christu, Albu Marilena
Florentina, Velciu Georgeta
♦ Electromagnetic pulse generation system,
by the controlled explosion, with current
loop
Authors: Dobref Vasile, Sotir Alexandru,
Constantinescu Mircea, Ignat Mircea,
Pîslaru-Dănescu Lucian, Puflea Ioan, Teişanu
Silver Medal for invention Electromagnetic pulse
Aristofan Alexandru, Iordache Iulian, Bădic
generation system, by the controlled explosion, with
Mihai
current loop
Silver Medal for invention Process for producing
of microporous calcium phosphate-based ceramic
granules
2
The 62nd edition of International Salon Brussels –
EUREKA, November 14-16, 2013, Brussels - Belgium
Silver Medal for invention Electromagnetic pulse
generation system, by the controlled explosion, with
current loop
3
Silver Medal for invention Process for producing
of microporous calcium phosphate-based ceramic
granules
Nanotechnologies Exhibition IRANNANO 2013,
October 5 – 9, 2013, Teheran – Iran
♦ Process for obtaining microporous ceramic
granules based on calcium phosphates
Authors: Ţârdei Christu, Albu Marilena
Florentina, Velciu Georgeta
♦ Electromagnetic pulse generation system,
loop
Authors: Dobref Vasile, Sotir Alexandru,
Constantinescu Mircea, Ignat Mircea,
Pîslaru-Dănescu Lucian, Puflea Ioan, Teişanu
Aristofan Alexandru, Iordache Iulian, Bădic
Mihai
♦ Poster: Flexible carbon nanocomposites
for resistive force sensors
Authors: Zevri Leila, Iordache Iulian
♦ Poster: Researches on nanomaterials,
nanocomposite powders and thin films
♦ Poster: Nanomaterials characterization
by spectrophotometer analysis and DLS
technique
♦ Poster: Carbon based nanomaterials and
composites
♦ Poster:
NdFeB
magnetic
nanocomposites
♦ Poster: Nanomaterials
National and international trade fairs and exhibitions at which INCDIE ICPE‑CA attended and results
National trade fairs and exhibitions
No
1
2
National trade fair / exhibition
Romanian Research Exhibition within Conference on the Products:
future of European Framework Programme for Research and ♦ Bioresorbable material for bone regeneration
Innovation HORIZON 2020, October 4, 2013, Bucharest
PG β‑TCP;
♦ Securing
elements
with
ferromagnetic
microwires;
♦ Equipment for capacitive desalinisation of sea
water;
♦ Steerer electromagnet;
- Silver Medal INESPO 2013;
- Diploma 2nd Prize Silver 2013, INESPO 2013 –
Netherlands;
- AGIR Award 2012 in the field of „Materials
Engineering” for the inventions „Granular synthetic
product for applications in oral surgery and
implantology, filling applications and reconstruction
of bone defects: sinus lift, alveolar defects filling
after extraction and after corrective osteotomies (PG
beta-TCP, 500-1000µm)”.
ATEE 2013 Exhibition, May 23-24, 2013, Bucharest
♦ Carbon nanotubes;
♦ Carbon fiber;
♦ Piezoceramic transducers for determining of
dynamic viscosity;
♦ Bioresorbable material for bone regeneration
PG β‑TCP sterile;
electrical conductor with selfprotection to frost / ice;
Piezoelectric microsensors;
Equipment for capacitive desalinisation of
sea water;
Humidity sensor;
Electrical system for bike;
Carbon bipolar plates for polymer electrolyte
fuel cell;
5 kW PEM;
AGIR 2011 Award in the field of “Electrical
Engineering” for inventions “Carbon
bipolar plate for fuel cells with electrolyte
polymer”;
Roll-up INCDIE ICPE-CA.
♦ Aerial
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
-
-
National and international trade fairs and exhibitions at which INCDIE ICPE‑CA attended and results
No
3
4
National trade fair / exhibition
International Inventions Show PROINVENT 2013, 11th -
edition, March 9-22, 2013, Cluj Napoca
Diploma of Excellence and Gold Medal for:
Procedure for obtaining a composite material
based on tungsten electrical contacts (Procedeu
de obţinere a unui material compozit pe bază de
Wolfram pentru contacte electrice)
Author: Dr. Eng. Violeta Tsakiris
National Inventions Show CHIM-INVENT 2013, July 3 – 5, -
2013, Iaşi
Diploma
and
CHIM-INVENT
Medal
for:
Microactuator based on polymers (Microactuator
pe bază de polimeri)
Authors: Ignat Mircea, Zărnescu George, Hamciuc
Elena, Hamciuc Corneliu, Cazac Maria, Sava Ion
International awards obtained
by a selection process
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Prize
Jubilee Medal awarded to INCDIE ICPE‑CA
by European Institute of Studies, China
Jubilee Medal awarded to INCDIE ICPE‑CA
by Egypt Ministry for Scientific Research
Plaquette awarded to INCDIE ICPE‑CA by
Cangzhou, China
Silver Medal at International Exhibition of
Inventions 2013 – Geneva, Switzerland, for
inventions Electromagnetic pulse generation
system, by the controlled explosion, with
current loop (Sistem de generare a pulsului
electromagnetic, în explozie controlată, cu
buclă de curent)
Authority who granted
European Institute of Studies, China
Authors
INCDIE ICPE‑CA
Egypt Ministry for Scientific Research
INCDIE ICPE‑CA
Cangzhou, China
INCDIE ICPE‑CA
International Exhibition of Inventions Geneva – International Panel
Silver Medal at International Exhibition of
Inventions 2013 – Geneva, Switzerland,
for inventions Process for producing of
microporous calcium phosphate-based
ceramic granules (Procedeu pentru obţinere
de granule ceramice microporoase pe bază
de fosfaţi de calciu)
Diploma of Excellence and Gold Medal at
International Inventions Show PROINVENT
2013, Cluj Napoca, for Procedure for
obtaining a composite material based on
tungsten electrical contacts (Procedeu de
obţinere a unui material compozit pe bază
de wolfram pentru contacte electrice)
Silver Medal at International Salon
Brussels – EUREKA 2013, for invention
Electromagnetic pulse generation system,
loop (Sistem de generare a pulsului
electromagnetic, în explozie controlată, cu
buclă de curent)
International Exhibition of Inventions Geneva – International Panel
Dobref Vasile
Sotir Alexandru
Constantinescu Mircea
Ignat Mircea
Pîslaru-Dănescu Lucian
Puflea Ioan
Teişanu Aristofan
Alexandru
Iordache Iulian
Bădic Mihai
Ţârdei Christu
Albu Marilena
Florentina
Velciu Georgeta
Silver Medal at International Salon
Brussels – EUREKA 2013, for invention
Process for producing of microporous
calcium phosphate-based ceramic granules
(Procedeu pentru obţinerea de granule
ceramice microporoase pe bază de fosfaţi
de calciu)
International Salon Brussels – EUREKA
– International jury
International Inventions Show
PROINVENT 2013, Cluj Napoca –
International Panel
Tsakiris Violeta
International Salon Brussels – EUREKA
– International Panel
Dobref Vasile
Sotir Alexandru
Ignat Mircea
Puflea Ioan
Teişanu Aristofan
Alexandru
Iordache Iulian
Bădic Mihai
Ţârdei Christu
Albu Marilena
Florentina
Velciu Georgeta
National awards (granted by Romanian
Academy, National University Research
Council CNCSIS, other)
No.
1
2
Prize
Authority who granted
AGIR Award 2012 in the field “Materials General Association of Engineers in
Engineering” for the inventions „Granular Romania (AGIR)
synthetic product for applications in
oral surgery and implantology, filling
applications and reconstruction of bone
defects: sinus lift, alveolar defects filling
after extraction and after corrective
osteotomies (PG beta-TCP, 500-1000µm)”
awarded to INCDIE ICPE‑CA Bucharest
Authors
INCDIE ICPE-CA
Diploma and CHIM-INVENT Medal
for: Microactuator based on polymers
(Microactuator pe bază de polimeri)
National Inventions Show CHIM-INVENT
2013, July 3 – 5, 2013, Iaşi
Ignat Mircea
Romanian Academy
“Petru Poni” Institute of
Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi,
Romania
Director, Acad. Prof. Bogdan C.
Simionescu
PATENTS
Patents submitted at State Office for Inventions and Trademarks
(osim) - to be evaluated - in 2013
No.
1
Title of submitted patent / registration no.
Process for obtaining planar junctions of carbonic material - steel
type
(Procedeu de obţinere joncţiuni planare de tip material carbonic-oţel)
Registration no. A/00078/2013
2
Orthopedic implant material
(Material pentru implant orthopedic)
Registration no. A/00308 /2013
3
Process biotechnological for obtaining silver nanoparticles
(Procedeu biotehnologic de obţinere a nanoparticulelor de argint)
Registration no.A/00370/2013
Microsensor for determination sweat
(Microsenzor pentru determinarea transpiraţiei)
Registration no.A/00420/2013
Magnetostrictive sonic motor drive with electronic module
(Motor sonic magnetostrictiv cu modul electronic de acţionare)
4
5
6
Nanogranular material of type Fe-saccharide complex combination
and obtaining process
(Material nanogranular de tip combinaţie complexă Fe-zaharidă şi
procedeu de obţinere a acestuia)
7
Planar clutch based on eddy currents
(Ambreiaj planar pe bază de curenţi turbionari)
8
Analogical controlled impulse magnetizer
(Magnetizor prin impuls cu comandă analogică)
9
Superconducting electric generator
(Generator electric supraconductor)
Registration no. A01024/2013
Inventors / Applicants
Lungu Magdalena Valentina
Ion Ioana
Tsakiris Violeta
Enescu Elena
Lucaci Mariana
Grigore Florentina
Brătulescu Alexandra
Iordoc Mihai
Codescu Mirela Maria
Teişanu Aristofan Alexandru
Prioteasa Paula
Cogălniceanu Gina-Carmen
Mitoi Elena-Monica
Hristea Gabriela
Ignat Mircea
Hristea Gabriela
Morega Alexandru Mihail
Morega Mihaela
Lipan Laurenţiu Constantin
Bunea Florentina
Georgescu Gabriela
Neamţu Jenica
Mălăeru Teodora
Jitaru Ioana
Iordache Iulian
Stancu Nicolae
Iordoc Mihai
Iordache Iulian
Stancu Nicolae
Iordoc Mihai
Dobrin Ion
Popovici Iuliu Romeo
Stoica Victor
Nedelcu Adrian
Tănase Nicolae
Patents
PATENTS GRANTED / DECISION to grant in 2013
No.
Title of patent granted / no. of patent
1
Isotropic nanocomposite permanent magnet and obtaining process
(Magnet permanent nanocompozit izotrop şi procedeu de obţinere
a acestuia)
Patent no. 125435
2
Procedure for obtaining an integrating solid body dosimeter based
on radiothermoluminescence emission
(Procedeu de durificare a suprafeţelor metalice cu fascicol de
electroni)
Patent no. 123549
Silver-metallic oxides powders mixtures for conductive materials
and procedure for their obtaining
(Amestecuri de pulberi din argint-oxizi metalici pentru materiale
conductoare şi procedeu de obţinere a acestora)
Patent no.123550
Magnetoresistive rotation microsensor
(Microsenzor magnetorezistiv de rotaţie)
Patent no. 125187
Procedure for obtaining dense graphite
(Procedeu de obţinere a grafitului dens)
Patent no. 125524
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Kappel Wilhelm
Codescu Mirela Maria
Pătroi Eros Alexandru
Stancu Nicolae
Manta Eugen
Văleanu Mihaela Cristina
Kuncser Victor Eugen
Tolea Felicia
Sofronie Mihaela
Neagu Dumitru
Gavriliu Ştefania Maria
Lungu Magdalena-Valentina
Neamţu Jenica
Volmer Marius
Barca Frumuzache
Ion Ioana
Caramitu Alina Ruxandra
Wave generator installation for research
(Instalaţie de producere a valurilor pentru cercetări)
Patent no. 125619
Olaru Gheorghe
Nicolaie Sergiu
Ilie Cristinel Ioan
Samoilescu Gheorghe
Marin Marcel Dorian
Porous support composite for treating bone defects and obtaining Craciunescu Oana
process
Moldovan Lucia
(Suport compozit poros pentru tratarea defectelor osoase şi
Ţârdei Christu
procedeu de obţinere)
Oprita Elena Iulia
Patent no. 126014
Zarnescu Otilia
Process for degradation organic waste polyolefin materials
Zaharescu Traian
(Procedeu pentru degradare ecologică a deşeurilor de materiale
Jipa Silviu
poliolefinice)
Mantsch Adrian Răzvan
Patent no. 126385
Process for obtaining oxide diluted magnetic semiconductors
Georgescu Gabriela
(Procedeu de obţinere a semiconductorilor oxidici cu diluţie
Neamţu Jenica
magnetică)
Mălăeru Teodora
Patent no. 126253
Jitaru Ioana
Patents
No.
10.
11.
12.
Process for obtaining complex metal oxides
(Procedeu de obţinere a unor oxizi metalici complecşi)
Patent no. 126757
Carp Oana
Vişinescu Diana Beatrice
Socoteanu Greta Mihaela
Jurca Alina
Tudose Mădălina
Jurca Bogdan
Mazilu Claudiu Octavian
Ştefănescu Carmen
Cucoş Andrei
Budrugeac Petru
Ianculescu Adelina-Carmen
Electromagnetic pulse generation system, by the controlled Dobref Vasile
explosion, with current loop
Sotir Alexandru
(Sistem de generare a pulsului electromagnetic în explozie
controlată)
Ignat Mircea
Patent no.127230
Puflea Ioan
Iordache Iulian
Bădic Mihai
Probe with electric circuit for measuring concrete resistivity
Lingvay Carmen
(Sondă cu circuit electric pentru măsurarea rezistivităţii betonului) Lingvay Iosif
Patent no. 125126
Isoc Dorin
13.
Process for obtaining colloidal silver solutions
(Procedeu de obţinere a unor soluţii coloidale de argint)
Patent no. 123565
14.
Process for obtaining a soft magnetic alloy of Fe-Co-V type
improved magnetic characteristics and resulted magnetic alloy
(Procedeu de obţinere a unui aliaj magnetic moale tip Fe-Co-V cu
caracteristici magnetice îmbunătăţite şi aliaj magnetic rezultat)
Patent no. 125358
Process for obtaining a magnetic alloy of Fe-50% Co type
(Procedeu de obţinere a unui aliaj magnetic tip Fe-50%Co)
Patent no. 125436
15.
16.
17.
Petică Aurora
Gavriliu Ştefania Maria
Burunţia Nicoleta
Tsakiris Violeta
Kappel Wilhelm
Petrescu Maria
Popa Enuţa Angela
Macovei Costică
Tsakiris Violeta
Kappel Wilhelm
Petrescu Maria
Popa Enuţa Angela
Macovei Costică
Inductor-induced structure without magnetic core for electrical
Kappel Wilhelm
machines with permanent magnets
Mihăiescu Gheorghe Mihai
(Structura inductor-indus fără miez magnetic pentru maşini
Ilie Cristinel Ioan
electrice cu magneţi permanenţi)
Gavrilă Horia Cătălin
Decision to grant no. 6/141/30.10.2013
Vasile Iulian
Piezoelectric sensor for measuring the dynamic viscosity with
Pîslaru Dănescu Lucian
measurement circuit
Pintea Jana
(Senzor piezoelectric de măsurare a vâscozităţii dinamice şi circuit Dumitru Alina Iulia
de măsurare)
Stoica Victor
Decision to grant no. 6/ 140/30.10.2013
Oprina Gabriela
Băbuţanu Corina Alice
Pisică Ioana
Patents
No.
The plant for active protection of superconducting coil at
superconducting motors
(Instalaţie pentru protecţia activă a bobinei supraconductoare la
motoare supraconductoare)
Decision to grant no. 6/ 176 / 30.12.2013
Xerogel doped carbonic materials for polymer membrane fuel cells
(Material xerogel carbonic dopat pentru pile de combustie cu
membrană polimerică)
Pîslaru Dănescu Lucian
Dobrin Ion
Stoica Victor
Pisică Ioana
Hristea Gabriela
Alexandru Elena Camelia
20.
Household biogas unit for rural areas
(Instalaţie de obţinere a biogazului)
Mateescu Carmen
Chiriţă Ionel
Stancu Nicolae
Băbuţanu Corina Alice
21.
Method for stimulating the activity of metanogene
microorganisms of sewage sludge
(Procedeu de tratare a nămolurilor de epurare pentru stimularea
activităţii microorganismelor metanogene)
Electroconducting material based on epoxy resins and conductive
fillers for fuel cells
(Material electroconductiv bazat pe răşini epoxidice şi fileri
conductivi pentru pile de combustie)
Mateescu Carmen
18.
19.
22.
Rîmbu Gimi Aurelian
Borbath Istvan
Boros Tiberiu Francisc
Iordache Iulian
Teişanu Alexandru Aristofan
Vasilescu Mirea Radu
Iordoc Mihai
Băra Adela
Banciu Cristina
Scientific / technical papers published in specialized ISI quoted journals1
year 2013
No.
1
2
3
4
Title
Journal
Negative permittivity
of ZnO thin films
prepared from aluminum
and gallium doped
ceramics via pulsed-laser
deposition
Carbon mesophase-based
composites with electromagnetic properties
Applied Physics A-Materials Science
& ProcessinG, Vol. 110, Iss. 4,
mar.2013, p. 929-934
DOI: 10.1007/s00339-012-7198-6
Published: MAR 2013
Qualification of Ecological
Alkyd Lacquer for Metallic
Surface Protection in
Nuclear Engineering
(Capacitatea de acoperire
a lacurilor alchidice
ecologice utilizate în
industria nucleară pentru
protecţia suprafeţelor
metalice)
Electrodeposition of
nickel for fabrication of
microfluidic pumps
Biology and cytotoxicity
of dental materials: an in
vitro study
5
Assessing the
biocompatibility of a
dental composite product
6
7
Processing and
characterization of
advanced multi-element
high entropy materials
from AlCrFeCoNi system
Authors
Bodea M.A.
Sbârcea Gabriela
Naik G.V.
Boltasseva A.
Klar T.A.
Pedarnig J.D.
Chemistry Magazine (Revista de
Băra Adela
Chimie), Bucharest
Banciu Cristina
Volume: 64, Issue: 2, Pages: 174-181 Bondar Ana Maria
Published: FEB 2013
Pătroi Eros A.
Pătroi Delia
Chimie), Bucharest
vol. 64, No.12, p.1468, December
2013
Caramitu Alina
Zaharescu Traian
Mitrea Sorina
Borbath Istvan
Prioteasa Paula
Ilie Cristinel
Popa Marius
Iordoc Mihai
Sbârcea Beatrice-Gabriela
Romanian Journal of Morphology and Gociu M.
Embryology
Pătroi Delia
Volume: 54, Issue: 2, Pages: 261-265 Prejmerean C.
Published: 2013
Pastrav O.
Boboia S.
Prodan D.
Moldovan M.
Romanian Journal of Morphology and Pătroi Delia
Embryology
Gociu M.
Volume: 54, Issue: 2, Pages: 321-326 Prejmerean C.
Published: 2013
Colceriu L.
Dumitrescu L.S.
Moldovan M.
Naicu V.
Optoelectronics and Advanced
Geanta V.
Materials – Rapid Communications,
Voiculescu I.
Vol. 7, Iss. 11-12, November –
Ştefănoiu R.
December 2013, p.874-880
Savastru D.
Csaki I.
Pătroi Delia
Leonat Lucia
Chimie), Bucharest
vol. 64, nr. 3, (March 2013), p. 275280
Impact
factor of
ISI quoted
journal in
2012
1.545
0.538
0.538
0.538
0.620
0.620
0.402
indexed by Thomson Scientific (former Institute for Scientific Information-ISI) in Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation
Index or Arts & Humanities Citation Index.
1
No.
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Title
New thermo-magnetic
material wire used for
self-protection high
voltage line overhead
conductors against frost/
ice deposits
(Material termo-magnetic
nou folosit pentru autoprotecția liniilor aeriene
de înaltă tensiune la
depunerile de chiciură/
gheață)
Electroplating in magnetic
field and characterization
of NiCoMnP alloy films
with permanent magnet
Journal
Materials – Rapid Communications,
Vol. 7, No. 1-2, January - February
2013, p. 86 - 89
Authors
Iorga Alexandru
Codescu Mirela
Palii Liviu
Prioteasa Paula
Codescu Mirela
Pătroi Eros
Pătroi Delia
Marinescu Virgil
Natural resin shellac as a
Green Chemistry
Irimia-Vladu M.
substrate and a dielectric
Volume: 15, Issue: 6, Pages: 1473Glowacki E.D.
layer for organic field1476
Schwabegger G.
effect transistors
DOI: 10.1039/c3gc40388b
Leonat Lucia
Published: 2013
Akpinar H.Z.
Sitter H.
Bauer S.
Sariciftci N.S.
Aradoaei S.
Revista de Materiale Plastice,
Green materials derived
Ciobanu R. C.
Bucharest, vol. 50, no. 4, 2013, p.
from renewable resource
Darie R.
310-313
for electrical applications
Zaharescu Traian
ISSN 0025-5289
Caramitu Alina
Pîslaru–Dănescu Lucian
Morega A.M.
IEEE
Transactions
on
Industry
Morega M.
Applications
Stoica Victor
Prototyping a Ferrofluid- Volume: 49, Issue: 3, Pages: 1289Marinica O.M.
Cooled Transformer
1298
Nouras F.
DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2013.2252872
Paduraru N.
Published: MAY-JUN 2013
Borbath I.
Borbath T.
Magnetic Nanofluid
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics
Pîslaru–Dănescu Lucian
Applications in Electrical
Volume: 49, Issue: 11, Pages: 5489Morega A.M.
Engineering
5497
Telipan Gabriela
DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2013.2271607
Morega M.
Published: NOV 2013
Dumitru J.B.
Marinescu Virgil
Journal of Thermal Analysis and
The influence of sodium
Calorimetry
Cucoş Andrei
chloride on the melting
Volume: 111, Issue: 1, Pages: 467Budrugeac Petru
temperature of collagen
473
Mitrea Sorina
crystalline region in
DOI: 10.1007/s10973-012-2453-9
Hajdu Carmen
parchments
Published: Jan 2013
Electrodeposition of Sn
Electrochimica Acta, vol.114 (2013), Anicăi Liana
and NiSn alloys coatings
Petică Aurora
p.868– 877
using choline chloride
Costovici Ştefania
based ionic liquids –
Prioteasa Paula
Evaluation of corrosion
Vişan Teodor
behavior
Materials – Rapid Communications
Vol. 7, No. 1-2( 2013), p. 90 – 95
Published: Jan-Feb 2013
Impact
factor of
ISI quoted
journal in
2012
0.402
0.402
6.828
0.379
1.672
1.422
1.982
3.777
No.
16
Title
Journal
Silver-titanium dioxide
nanocomposites as
effective antimicrobial
and antibiofilm agents
Journal of Nanoparticle Research
Volume: 16, Issue: 1, Article Number:
UNSP 2203
DOI: 10.1007/s11051-013-2203-3
Published: DEC 24 2013
Aqueous dispersions of
silver nanoparticles in
polyelectrolyte solutions
Journal of Chemical Sciences
Volume: 125, Issue: 2, Pages: 419429
DOI: 10.1007/s12039-013-0393-y
Published: MAR 2013
17
18
19
20
21
22
Effect
of
nitrogen
environment on NdFeB
thin films grown by radio
frequency plasma beam
assisted
pulsed
laser
deposition
Optical, morphological and
thermal behavior of NdFeB
magnetic thin films grown
by radiofrequency plasmaassisted
pulsed
laser
deposition
The characterization
of structure and
microstructure at
interfaces cathode/
electrolyte/anode for
a fuel cell with solid
electrolyte
(Caracterizări structurale
şi microstructurale la
interfaţa catod/electrolit/
anod în celula de
combustie cu electrolit
solid)
Fabrication and
characterization of porous
tri-calcium phosphate
ceramic microspheres
Removal of Pb2+ toxic
ions from aqueous
solutions on porous
hydroxyapatite granules
(Reţinerea ionilor
toxici de Pb2+ din
soluţii apoase pe
granule poroase de
hidroxiapatită)
Authors
Lungu Magdalena
Gavriliu Ştefania
Enescu Elena
Ion Ioana
Brãtulescu Alexandra
Mihãescu Grigore
Mãruţescu Luminiţa
Chifiriuc Mariana Carmen
Donescu Dan
Somoghi Raluca
Ghiurea Marius
Ianchis Raluca
Petcu Cristina
Gavriliu Ştefania
Lungu Magdalena
Groza Claudia
Ionescu Cezar Radu
Pânzaru Carmen
Impact
factor of
ISI quoted
journal in
2012
2.175
1.298
Materials Science and Engineering
B – Advanced Functional Solid State
Materials
DOI: 10.1016/j.mseb.2012.11.013
Published: MAR 1 2013
Constantinescu C.
Pătroi Eros A.
Codescu Mirela
Dinescu M.
1.846
Current Applied Physics
Volume: 13, Issue: 9, ages: 20192025
DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2013.09.002
Published: NOV 2013
Constantinescu C.
Ion V.
Codescu Mirela
Rotaru P.
Dinescu M.
1.814
Romanian Journal of Materials (Revista
Română de Materiale), vol. 43, Issue:
1, 2013, pp.96-101
Published: 2013
Velciu Georgeta
Şeitan Cristian
Dumitru Alina
Marinescu Virgil
Preda Maria
Melinescu Alina
0.610
Romanian Journal of Materials
(Revista Română de Materiale),
2013, 43(1), p.41-47
Ţârdei Christu
Spătaru Mariana
Albu Florentina
Stoleriu Ştefania
Ioncea Anghel
melinescu A.
Ţârdei Christu
Simonescu C.M.
Marinescu Virgil
Miclea A.
0.610
Romanian Journal of Materials
(Revista Română de Materiale), 2013, 43(2), p.223-226
0.610
No.
Title
Journal
Journal of Optoelectronics and
Advanced Materials, vol. 15, no. 1-2,
January-February 2013, p.99-102
24
Electrical properties of
Lead Titanate Zirconate
ceramics doped with
niobium
W-Cu composite
materials for electrical
contacts used in vacuum
contactors
25
In vitro structural
changes on the surface
of SiO2-CaO-P2O5
bioactive glasses
23
26
27
28
29
Kinetic effects of silica
nanoparticles on thermal
and radiation stability of
polyolefins
Effects
of
γ-radiation
on dielectric properties
of
LDPE–Al2O3
nanocomposites
Stabilization effects of
naringenin and caffeic
acid on gamma-irradiated
EPDM
Effect
of
γ-irradiation
on
poly(vinyl
alcohol)
and bacterial cellulose
composites
used
as
packaging materials
Thermodynamics of Ti-Ni
shape memory alloys
30
31
32
Thermo and electro
insulating protective layers
with ceramic additives
Kinetics of hydrogen
absorption in Zr-based
alloys
Authors
Pintea Jana
Dumitru Alina
Sbârcea Gabriela
Velciu Georgeta
Tsakiris Violeta
Advanced Materials, Vol. 15, No. 9
Lungu Magdalena
- 10, September – October 2013, p.
Enescu Elena
1090 - 1094
Pavelescu D.
Dumitrescu G.
Radulian A.
Braic V.
Ungureanu D.N.
Advanced Materials
Angelescu N.
Volume: 15, Issue: 7-8, Pages: 744Catangiu A.
749
Bratu V.
Published: Jul-Aug 2013
Despa V.
Tsakiris Violeta
Marinescu Virgil
Polymer Bulletin, 70, 2981–2994 Zaharescu Traian
(2013)
Pleşa Ilona
Jipa S.
DOI: 10.1007/s00289-013-1001-5
Published: NOV 2013
Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 84, Ciuprina F.
145–150 (2013)
Zaharescu Traian
Pleşa Ilona
DOI: 10.1016/j.
radphyschem.2012.06.028
Published: MAR 2013
Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 84, Zaharescu Traian
35-38 (2013)
Jipa S.
Mantsch Adrian
DOI: 10.1016/j.
Henderson D.
Published: MAR 2013
Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 84, Stoica-Guzun A.
200-204 (2013)
Stroescu M.
Jipa I.
DOI: 10.1016/j.
Dobre L.
Published: MAR 2013
Zaharescu Traian
CALPHAD - Computer Coupling
Povoden-Karadeniz E.
of Phase Diagrams and
Cîrstea C. Diana
Thermochemistry Journal, Volume:
Lang P.
41, Pages: 128-139
Wojcik T.
DOI: 10.1016/j.calphad.2013.02.004 Kozeschnik E.
Published: JUN 2013
Korrozios Figyelo
Velciu Georgeta
Volume: 53, Issue: 2, Pages: 50-55
Krammer Anna
Published: 2013
Stancu Cristina
Lingvay Carmen
Szatmari Ilona
Lingvay Jozsef
Journal of Alloys and Compounds
Cekic Bozidar
Volume: 559, Pages: 162-166
Ciric Katarina
DOI:10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.01.104
Iordoc Mihail
Published: MAY 15 2013
Markovic Smilja
Mitric Miodrag
Stojic Dragica
Impact
factor of
ISI quoted
journal in
2012
0.516
0.516
0.516
1.332
1.375
1.375
1.375
1.433
0.000
2.390
No.
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Title
Journal
Flow patterns in the
magnetic nanofluid core
of a miniature planar spiral
transformer
Environmental Engineering and
Management Journal
Published: JUN 2013
Smart Materials and Structures
Volume: 22, Issue: 10, Special Issue:
SI
Article Number: 104008
DOI: 10.1088/09641726/22/10/104008
Published: OCT 2013
Polymers for Advanced Technologies
Volume: 24, Issue: 2, Pages: 258-265
DOI: 10.1002/pat.3079
Published: FEB 2013
Electroactive
composites based on
polydimethylsiloxane
and some new metal
complexes
Phthalonitrile-containing
aromatic polyimide thin
films with nano-actuation
properties
Phthalonitrile-containing
poly(amide imide)s with
nanoactuation properties
Application of Kissinger,
isoconversional and
multivariate non-linear
regression methods
for evaluation of the
mechanism and kinetic
parameters of phase
transitions of type I
collagen
Applicability of nonisothermal model-free
predictions for assessment
of conversion vs. time
curves for complex
processes in isothermal
and quasi-isothermal
conditions On the heavy elements
content of sediments
and rocks from two
semiclosed ecosystems:
proglacial lake Bâlea
(Făgăraş Mountanins)
and crater lake St. Ana
(Harghita Mountains)
Authors
Morega Alexandru Mihail
Dumitru Jean Bogdan
Morega Mihaela
Cazacu Maria
Racles Carmen
Zaltariov Mirela-Fernanda
Dumitriu Ana-Maria Corina
Ignat Mircea
Ovezea Dragoş
Stiubianu George
Hamciuc Corneliu
Carja Ionela-Daniela
Hamciuc Elena
Vlad-Bubulac Tachita
Ignat Mircea
Polymer Engineering and Science
Hamciuc Corneliu
Volume: 53, Issue: 2, Pages: 334-342 Carja Ionela-Daniela
DOI: 10.1002/pen.23268
Hamciuc Elena
Published: FEB 2013
Vlad-Bubulac Tachita
Ignat Mircea
Thermochimica Acta
Budrugeac Petru
Cucoş Andrei
DOI:10.1016/j.tca.2013.05.020
Published: AUG 10 2013
Impact
factor of
ISI quoted
journal in
2012
1.117
2.024
1.635
1.243
1.989
Thermochimica Acta
DOI:10.1016/j.tca.2013.02.001
Published: APR 20 2013
Budrugeac Petru
1.989
Physics of Particles and Nuclei,
01/2013; 10(5):469–475
Duliu O. G.
Lyapunov S. I.
Gorbunov A. V.
Ricman C.
Brustur T.
Szobotka S. A.
Dimitriu R. G.
Pop C.
Frontasyeva M. V.
Culicov Otilia Ana
Iovea M.
0.672
Cumulative impact factor of ISI quoted journals
43.636
Scientific / technical papers published in isi conference
proceedings/publications
year 2013
No.
1
2
3
Title of scientific papers
ISI conference proceedings/publications
8th International Symposium on Advanced
Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE)
2013, Page(s): 1 – 5; Print ISBN: 978-1PA 6/EPDM blends for electrical
4673-5979-5; INSPEC Accession Number:
insulations. Preliminary characterization
13778573; Digital Object Identifier:
10.1109/ATEE.2013.6563468
IEEE Conference Publications
Finite element analysis of a low speed 8th International Symposium on Advanced
permanent magnets synchronous
Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE) 2013
generator with direct drive
Page(s): 1 - 5
Print ISBN: 978-1-4673-5979-5
INSPEC Accession Number: 13778594
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/
ATEE.2013.6563398
Aspects regarding the application of
electric generators to wind energy
conversion using counter rotating
Page(s): 1 - 4
turbines
Print ISBN: 978-1-4673-5979-5
ATEE.2013.6563404
Modeling and simulation of a new
dynamic balancing system based on
magnetic interaction
4
5
6
7
Page(s): 1 - 6
Print ISBN: 978-1-4673-5979-5
ATEE.2013.6563447
Influence of 50 Hz electromagnetic
field on the yeast (saccharomyces
cerevisiae) metabolism
Page(s): 1 - 4
Print ISBN: 978-1-4673-5979-5
ATEE.2013.6563449
Electrical conductivity of polyethylene- 8th International Symposium on Advanced
neodymium composites
Page(s): 1 - 6
Print ISBN: 978-1-4673-5979-5
ATEE.2013.6563458
Effects of gamma irradiation on
resistivity and absorption currents
in nanocomposites based on
Page(s): 1 - 6
thermoplastic polymers
Print ISBN: 978-1-4673-5979-5
ATEE.2013.6563464
Authors
Caramitu A.R.
Zaharescu T.
Mitrea S.
Tsakiris V.
Marinescu V.
Avadanei L.
Popescu M.
Mituleţ A.
Chihaia R.
Nicolaie S.
Nedelcu A.
Oprina G.
Popescu M.
Oprina G.
Mituleţ A.
Nicolaie S.
Chihaia R.
Nedelcu A.
Mihăiescu M.
Miu M.
Marin D.
Ilie C.
Comeaga D.
Nedelcu A.
Stancu C.
Lingvay M.
Szatmari I.
Lingvay I.
Stancu C.
Notingher P.V.
Panaitescu D.
Marinescu V.
Pleşa I.
Zaharescu T.
No.
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Title of scientific papers
Method for estimating the lifetime of
electric motors insulation
ISI conference proceedings/publications
Page(s): 1 - 6
Print ISBN: 978-1-4673-5979-5
ATEE.2013.6563466
Pressboard roughness and ageing
influence on mineral oil electrification
Page(s): 1 - 6
Print ISBN: 978-1-4673-5979-5
ATEE.2013.6563467
Design and fabrication of a 5 T NbTi
solenoid magnet cooled by a closedTopics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE) 2013
cycle G-M cryocooler
Page(s): 1 - 4
Print ISBN: 978-1-4673-5979-5
(Proiectarea şi realizarea unui magnet
solenoidal de 5T, răcit cu criorăcitor cu INSPEC Accession Number: 13778543
ciclu închis de tip Gifford-McMahon)
ATEE.2013.6563476
A parametric study of lumped circuit
parameters of a miniature planar spiral Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE) 2013
transformer
Page(s): 1 - 6
Print ISBN: 978-1-4673-5979-5
ATEE.2013.6563477
Numerical simulation of an
electromagnetic bending-mode
cantilever microactuator
Page(s): 1 - 6
Print ISBN: 978-1-4673-5979-5
ATEE.2013.6563478
New concept of measurement
apparatus for the in situ electrical
resistivity of concrete structures
Page(s): 1 - 6
Print ISBN: 978-1-4673-5979-5
ATEE.2013.6563531
Modeling and simulation of a new
Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol. 430
dynamic balancing system based on
(2013), pp. 143-147, (2013), Trans Tech
Publications, Switzerland, doi:10.4028/
www.scientific.net/AMM.430.143
Micro parts errors to precision Advanced Materials Research, Vols. 816manufacturing
using
UV-LIGA 817 (2013), pp 237-241, (2013), Trans Tech
technology
Publications, Switzerland doi:10.4028/www.
scientific.net/AMR.816-817.237
Authors
Rusu-Zagar C.
Notingher P.
Navrapescu V.
Mares G.
Rusu-Zagar G.
Setnescu T.
Setnescu R.
Vihacencu M.
Notingher P.V.
Dumitran L.M.
Ovezea D.
Dobrin I.
Morega A.M.
Nedelcu A.
Morega M.
Dumitru J.B.
Morega A.M.
Pîslaru-Dănescu L.
Morega M.
Morega A.M.
Tănase N.
Popa M.
Morega M.
Dumitru J.B.
Pîslaru-Dănescu L.
Morega A.M.
Morega M.
Stoica V.
Ilie C.
Comeaga Daniel
Dontu Octavian
Ilie Cristinel
Comeaga Daniel
Dontu Octavian
Popa Marius
Scientific / technical papers to be published in specialized isi quoted journals
year 2013
No.
Title
Journal
1
Improved stability of ecological
alkyd resin by modification with
TiO2 nanoparticles
Central European
Journal of Chemistry, to
be published
2
Developing of new
electromagnetic interference
shielding systems based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polymer
composites
Study of electrode processes
and deposition of cobalt thin
films from ionic liquids based on
choline chloride
Materiale Plastice, to be
published
4
Development of W-Cu-Ni
Electrical Contact Materials with
Enhanced Mechanical Properties
by Spark Plasma Sintering
Process
Acta Physica Polonica A,
to be published
5
Magnetic properties of NdFeB
thin films deposited by radio
frequency plasma beam assisted
pulsed laser deposition
Applied Surface Science,
to be published
6
Thermal Analysis of NdFeB and
Thin Films Grown by Pulsed
Laser Deposition
Journal
of
Thermal
Analysis and Calorimetry,
to be published
7
Synthesis and characterization
of CeO2-based solid electrolytes
for intermediate temperature fuel
cells
(Sinteza şi caracterizarea unor
electroliţi solizi pe bază de CeO2
pentru celule de combustie de
temperatură intermediară)
Nanostructured W-Cu electrical
contact materials processed by
hot isostatic pressing
Romanian Journal
of Materials (Revista
Română de Materiale),
to be published
Comparative study on Pb(II)
ions biosorption by chitosan
and chitosan cross-linked with
glutaraldehyde microparticles
Central European
Journal of Chemistry,
ISSN 1583-3186, to be
published
3
8
9
Journal of Applied
Electrochemistry, to be
published
Acta Physica Polonica
A, ISSN: [e]1898-794X;
[p]0587-4246, to be
published
Authors
Mitrea Sorina
Zaharescu Traian
Caramitu Alina
Pleşa Ilona
Borbath Istvan
Ursache S.
Ciobanu R. C.
Niagu A.
Zaharescu Traian
Caramitu Alina
Cojocaru Anca
Mares Mariana Lili
Prioteasa Paula
Anicai Liana
Visan Teodor
Lungu Magdalena
Tsakiris Violeta
Enescu Elena
Pãtroi Delia
Marinescu Virgil
Tãlpeanu Dorinel
Pavelescu Dan
Dumitrescu Gheorghe
Radulian Alexandru
Constantinescu C.
Ion V.
Pătroi Eros
Codescu Mirela
Dinescu M.
Constantinescu C.
Ion V.
Codescu Mirela
Dinescu M.
Rotaru P.
Velciu Georgeta
Melinescu Alina
Marinescu Virgil
Fruth Victor
Scurtu Rareş
Preda Maria
Tsakiris Violeta
Lungu Magdalena
Enescu Elena
Pavelescu Dan
Dumitrescu Gheorghe
Radulian Alexandru
Mocioi Nicolae
Simonescu Claudia Maria
Marin Irina
Deleanu Carmen
Dragne Mioara
Marinescu Virgil
Ţârdei Christu
Oprea Ovidiu
Impact factor of ISI
quoted jorunal in
2012
1.167
0.379
1.836
0.531
2.112
1.982
0.610
0.531
1.167
No.
Title
Journal
10
Detection of cavitation vortex in
hydraulic turbines using acoustic
techniques
11
Radiation
stability
of
polypropylene/lead
zirconate
composites
Book Group Author(s):
IOP
Book series: IOP
Conference Series:
Earth and Environmental
Science (EES), to be
published
ISSN: 1755-1307
Radiation Physics
and Chemistry,
94(2014),156–160, to
be published
12
Improvement in the degradation
resistance
of
LDPE
for
radiochemical processing
Radiation
stability
of
polypropylene lead zirconate
compounds
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Radiation Physics and
Chemistry, 64, 151–155
(2014), to be published
Radiation Physics
and Chemistry, 64,
156–160 (2014), to be
published
Radiation
effects
in
polyisobuthylene
succinic
anhydride
with
silica
and
magnetite nanoparticles
Thermal stability of magnetic
fluid components and systems
Radiation Physics and
Chemistry
Invited paper (2014), to
be published
Central European
Journal of Chemistry
Invited paper (2014), to
be published
Crystal structure and free energy CALPHAD – Computer
of Ni3Ti2 precipitates in Ti-Ni alloys Coupling of Phase
from first principles
Diagrams and
Thermochemisty
Journal, to be published
Non-polluting medical technology Environmental
for environment and patient Engineering and
used in inflammatory diseases Management Journal, to
monitoring
be published
http://omicron.ch.tuiasi.
ro/EEMJ/accepted.htm
Simultaneous TG/DTG–DSC–FTIR Journal of Thermal
characterization of collagen
Analysis and
in inert and oxidative
Calorimetry 2013
atmospheres
DOI: 10.1007/s10973013-3116-1, to be
published
Characterization of some
Revue Roumaine de
therapeutic muds collected from
Chimie, 58(7-8), to be
different sites in Romania
published
Study of chromium adsorption
onto activated carbon
Water, Air and Soil
Pollution, to be
published
Authors
Candel I.
Bunea Florentina
Dunca G.
Bucur D.M.
Ioana C.
Reeb B.
Ciocan G.D.
quoted jorunal in
2012
-
Burnea L.C.
Zaharescu Traian
Dumitru Alina
Pleşa Ilona
Ciuprina F.
Zaharescu Traian
Pleşa Ilona
Jipa S.
Burnea L. C.
Zaharescu Traian
Dumitru Alina
Pleşa Ilona
Ciuprina F.
Zaharescu Traian
Borbath I.
Vékás L.
1.375
Zaharescu Traian
Setnescu Radu
Borbath I.
1.375
Lang P.
Wojcik T.
Povoden-Karadeniz E.
Cîrstea C.Diana
Kozeschnik E.
Bondarciuc Ala
Ravariu Cristian
Bondarciuc Vlad
Alecu Georgeta
1.433
Cucoş Andrei
Budrugeac Petru
1.982
Setnescu Tanţa
Bancuta I.
Setnescu Radu
Bancuta R.
Chilian A.
Bumbac M.
Chelărescu E.D.
Culicov Otilia Ana
Frontasyeva M.
Zinicovscaia I.
Mitina T.
Lupascu T.
Petuhov O.
Duca Gh.
Frontasyeva M.V.
Culicov Otilia Ana
Rodlovskaya E.N.
0.331
1.375
1.375
1.375
1.117
1.748
No.
21
22
23
24
25
Title
Journal
Thermal decomposition kinetics of Journal of Thermal bis(pyridine)manganese(II) chloride Analysis and
Calorimetry, online DOI
10.1007/s10973-0133426-3, to be published
Polymeric nanocomposites
Romanian Reports in
materials for applications in tactile
Physics, to be published
sensors
Current trends in research and
Journal of Optoelectronics
development of tensoresistive
and Advanced Materials,
sensors
to be published
Design and testing of flexible
carbon naocomposites
Romanian Reports in
for resistive force sensing
Physics, to be published
applications
The influence of doping with
Scientific World Journal
transition metal ions on the
- Nanotechnology, to be
structure and magnetic properties
published
of zinc oxide thin films
Authors
Badea Mihaela
Budrugeac Petru
Cucoş Andrei
Segal Eugen
quoted jorunal in
2012
1.982
Zevri L.
Iordache Iulian
Bacinschi Z.
Zevri L.
Iordache Iulian
Zevri L.
Iordache Iulian
Teişanu Aristofan
Ioniţă Ghe.
1.123
0.516
1.123
1.730
Neamţu Jenica
Volmer Marius
Books / chapters in books published
year 2013
No.
1
Book / Chapter title
Radiochemical modifications in
polymers
2
Application of chemiluminescence
in polymer research
3
Wind energy. Guide for practical
activities
(Energia eoliana. Îndrumar pentru
activităţi practice)
Heavy metals and nitrogen in
Mosses: spatial patterns in
2010/2011 and long-term temporal
trends in Europe
4
5
Air pollution and vegetation:
ICP Vegetation annual report
2012/2013
6
Thermal analysis. Basics and
applications. Kinetic analysis of
heterogeneous transformations
(Analiza termică. Fundamente
şi aplicaţii. Analiza cinetică a
transformărilor heterogene)
Wind turbine with vertical axis
(Turbine eoliene cu ax vertical)
7
Publisher, ISBN, year published
Editors: K. F. Arndt, M. D. Lechner
Springer Verlag, Landolt-Börnstein Series, volume VIII/6
C2, Polymer Solids and Polymer Melts, pp. 95-184 (2013)
ISBN 978-3-642-32071-2
Editors: K. F. Arndt, M. D. Lechner
Springer Verlag, Landolt-Börnstein Series, volume VIII/6
C2, Polymer Solids and Polymer Melts, pp. 184- 248
(2013)
ISBN 978-3-642-32071-2
Printech Publishing House, Bucharest, 2013
ISBN 978-606-23-0098-2
Publisher: ICP Vegetation Programme Coordination Centre
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Environment Centre
Wales, Bangor, UK, Editor: H. Harmens, D. Norris, G. Mills
ISBN: 978-1-906698-38-6. 03/2013
Authors
Zaharescu T.
Jipa S.
Zaharescu T.
Jipa S.
C. Safta
Sergiu Nicolaie
Mihai Mihăiescu
H. Harmens
D. Norris
G. Mills
O. A. Culicov
M. Dam
H. Danielsson
s.a.
Publisher: ICP Vegetation Programme Coordination Centre, H. Harmens
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre
G. Mills
Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK, Editor: H.
O. A. Culicov
Harmens, G. Mills, F. Hayes, D. Norris,
M. Dam
ISBN: 978-1-906698-43-0, 09/2013
H. Danielsson
s.a.
Romanian Academy Publising House, Bucharest, ISBN
Eugen Segal
978-973-27-2281-7, 2013
Petru Budrugeac
Oana Carp
Nicolae Doca
Crisan Popescu
Titus Vlase
Graph Byte Publishing House, 2013
M.D.Ionescu
M.Ignat
V.Silivestru
R.Petcu
s.a.
Scientific / technical papers published in other specialized journals, non-quoted ISI/BDI
year 2013
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Title of scientific / technical
papers
Journal,
non-quoted ISI
The method of transshipment of Journal of Fiability & Durability, volum nr. 1, 2013,
goods between ship in open sea ISSN 1844-640X, Editura Academica Brâncuşi,
University of Târgu Jiu, pag. 329-335
- indexată în: Indexcopernicus: Index Copernicus,
EBSCO: EBSCO, JournalSeek: DOAJ: DOAJ,
ULRICHS: ULRICHS, SCIPIO: SCIPIO
The involvement of young Journal of Fiability & Durability, issue nr. 1, 2013,
generation in RES industry
ISSN 1844-640X, Editura Academica Brăncuşi,
The Labor market - RES in Journal of Fiability & Durability, issue nr. 1, 2013,
specialist relationship
ISSN 1844-640X, Editura Academica Brăncuşi,
The analysis regarding the Annals of Eftimie Murgu University of Reşiţa, year XX, building of a hydraulic power no. 2, 2013, ISSN 1453-7397, pp.187-195
plant on the Black Sea shore
- indexed in: EBSCO, RePEc, ProQuest, ICAAP, Ulrich’s,
Index Copernicus, DOAJ
Dependence of the maximum Annals of Eftimie Murgu University of Reşiţa, year power and wind speed
XX, no. 2, 2013, ISSN 1453-7397, pp. 196-208
- indexed in: EBSCO, RePEc, ProQuest, ICAAP,
Ulrich’s, Index Copernicus, DOAJ
Transparent conductive oxide
UPB Scientific Bulletin, Series B: Chemistry and
thin films for sollar cells
Materials Science, 75 (1), pp. 149-156
aplication
Authors
Gheorghe Samoilescu
S. Radu
A. Beazit
C. Ciobanu
C. Ciobanu
A. Barbu
Gheorghe Samoilescu
C. Ciobanu
A. Barbu
Gheorghe Samoilescu
Gheorghe Samoilescu
Sergiu Nicolaie
F. Deliu
R. Apostol-Mates
F. Deliu
Gheorghe Samoilescu
P. Burlacu
Beatrice-Gabriela
Sbârcea
Lucia Nicoleta Leonat
I.V. Brânzoi
New composite materials used
UPB Scientific Bulletin, Series B: Chemistry and
Florina Rădulescu
in electromagnetic field shielding Materials Science, Vol. 75, Iss. 4, 2013, ISSN 1454 – Eros Pătroi
(Noi materiale compozite
2331, pag. 241-250
Maria Nicolae
utilizate în ecranarea
electromagnetică)
Synthesis and characterization Bulletin of Micro and Nanoelectrotechnologies,vol. IV, Teodora Mălaeru
of bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) nr.1-2, 2013, pp. 7– 12, ISSN 2069-1505
Gabriela Telipan
thermoelectric nanomaterial
Thermo and electro insulating
Korróziós Figyelő, LIII. 2. 2013. pp. 50-55
Georgeta Velciu
protective layers with ceramic
Anna Krammer
additives
Cristina Stancu
(Acoperiri termo şi
Carmen Lingvay
electroizolatoare cu adaosuri
Ilona Szatmári
ceramice)
József Lingvay
Junctions characterization of
Ecologica Universitaria Review, Annals of Ecological
VioletaTsakiris
solid diffusion bonded Al-Cu/Ni University of Bucharest, Series: Management and
Georgeta Alecu
metallic couples
Environmental Engineering, Publishing House PRO
Lucia Leonat
(Caracterizarea joncțiunilor
UNIVERSITARIA, p 275-285, 2012-2013, ISSN 2065- Cristian Tsakiris
cuplelor metalice Al-Cu/Ni
9806
îmbinate prin difuzie în fază
solidă)
No.
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
papers
Journal,
non-quoted ISI
Papers and Abstracts of 18th Romanian International
Conference on Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
(RICCCE-XVIII), September 4-7, 2013, Sinaia, Romania,
ISSN 2344 – 1895/ ISSN–L 2247 – 5389, S5- 40
Authors
Claudia Maria
Simonescu
Irina Marin
Carmen Deleanu
Mioara Dragne
Virgil Marinescu
Christu Ţârdei
Ovidiu Oprea
Statistical analysis of the flow
University Politehnica of Bucharest, Scientific Bulletin, T.M.Cirlioru
induced by the injection of air
Series D, Vol. 75, No. 1, p. 249-257, ISSN 1454- Florentina Bunea
2358,
G.D. Ciocan
http://www.scientificbulletin.upb.ro/rev_docs_arhiva/ V. Panaitescu
full110_988880.pdf
Cell Phone And Human Health
Bulletin of Romanian EMC Association (Buletinul
Andreea Voina
ACER), 2013, in press
Georgeta Alecu
Brânduşa Pantelimon
The role of local education
Bulletin of Romanian EMC Association (Buletinul
Carmen Mateescu
programs for the implementation ACER), no. 1/2013, ISSN-L 1224-7928, pag. 83-86
of biogas technology
(Rolul programelor educaţionale
la nivel local pentru
implementarea tehnologiei
biogazului)
Micromechanical aspects
Bulletin of Micro and Nanoelectrotehnologies, Vol.
Mircea Ignat
between the magnetostriction
IV, Nr. 1-2, ISBN 2069-1505, Bucharest, Romania,
Ioan Cristinel Hărăguţă
vibratory actuation and the
September 2013
Ioan Puflea
micro pores of oil ganglions of
Alexandru-Laurenţiu
mobilization of residual oil
Cătănescu
Statistic and kynetic models for UPB Scientific Bulletin, series B, no. 4, 2013, ISSN
O.C.Pârvulescu
wheat grains pyrolysis coupled
1454-2331
T.Dobre
with volatiles reforming
Radu Vasilescu-Mirea
L. Ceatră
G. Iavorschi
Microactuator magnetostrictiv
SME13, ISSN: 1843-5912
Marius Popa
Alexandru M. Morega
Lucian Pîslaru-Dănescu
A new computerized stand
Scientific symposium of Romanian Engineers all
Dumitru Strâmbeanu
solution for testing of air
over the world SINGRO, Education and Engineering,
Iuliu Romeo Popovici
dispensers from braking
Bucharest, September 13-14, 2012, Bulletin of
Daniel Lipcinski
equipment for rail vehicles
Romanian EMC Association (Buletinul ACER), no. 1,
Silviu Medianu
(O nouă soluţie de stand
pp.149-154, 2013
s.a.
computerizat, privind testarea
distribuitoarelor de aer ale
echipamentului de frânare,
pentru vehiculele feroviare)
Energy efficiency of lighting
Dorian Marin
fixtures
EEA - Electrotechnics, Electronics, Automatics, Vol.
Andreea Mituleţ
(Eficienţa energetică a unor
61, No. 2, April - June 2013, ISSN 1582 – 5175
Monika Lingvay
corpuri de iluminat)
Modeling, simulation and
The Romanian Review Precision Mechanics, Optics & Cristinel Ilie
validation of a new dynamic
Mechatronics, 2013, No.43
Daniel Comeaga
balancing system based on
Octavian Dontu
Adrian Nedelcu
Gheorghe Gheorghe,
Sensory analysis for a new
U.P.B. Sci. Bull., Series D, Vol. 75, pp 174-184, Iss.
Cristinel Ilie
dynamic balancing system
4, 2013, ISSN 1454-2358
Daniel Comeaga
based on magnetic interaction
Octavian Dontu
PMSGs solutions for gearless
Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal
T. Tudorache
wind conversion systems with
(RE&PQJ), ISSN 2172-038 X, No.11, March 2013,
L. Melcescu
battery storage
ID 479
Mihai Popescu
(International Conference on Renewable Energies and
Power Quality (ICREPQ’13), Bilbao (Spain), 20th to
22th March, 2013)
papers
No.
Journal,
non-quoted ISI
23
Finite element analysis of a
three speed induction machine
24
The variation of electrical
resistance with pressure applied
on polymer nanocomposites and
its applications
(Variaţia rezistenţei electrice
cu presiunea aplicată a
nanocompozitelor polimerice şi
aplicaţii ale acestora)
some polymeric carbon
nanocomposites influenced by
different nanocarbons additions
25
Authors
Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal (RE&PQJ), L. Melcescu
ISSN 2172-038 X, No.11, March 2013, ID 491
T. Tudorache
(International Conference on Renewable Energies and Mihai Popescu
Power Quality (ICREPQ’13), Bilbao (Spain), 20th to
22th March, 2013),
Journal of Doctoral Researches (Revista de Cercetări
Doctorale), ISSN 2067-371
L.Zevri
Iulian Iordache
Ghe.Ioniţă
World Journal of Engineering
ISSN: 1708-5284
Zevri L.
Iordache Iulian
Bacinschi Z.
Scientific papers presented to international conferences and workshops
year 2013
No.
Title of scientific paper
International conference and workshop
1
Structural and optical properties
of doped Zinc Oxide thin films
2
alkyd resin by modification
with TiO2 nanoparticles
3
Radiation
polymers
4
PA 6/EPDM blends for electrical
insulations.
Preliminary characterization
5
Electrodeposition of chromium
and cobalt, from ionic liquids
based on choline chloride
6
Studies of Electrode
Processes during Deposition
of Cobalt from Ionic Liquids
based on Choline Chloride
processing
of
Authors
Beatrice–Gabriela Sbârcea
E-MRS (European-Materials Research
Carmen Paraschiv
Society) „2013 Fall Meeting”, 16- 20
(Ştefănescu)
Sept. 2013, Warsaw, Poland
Jenica Neamţu
Sorina Mitrea
Sorina Mitrea
18-th Romanian International Conference Traian Zaharescu
on Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Alina Caramitu
4-7 Sept. 2013, Sinaia, Romania
Ilona Pleşa
Istvan Borbath
Invited lecture to Conference RICCCE
18, Sinaia, Romania, 4-8 September
Traian Zaharescu
2013
Alina Caramitu
8th International Symposium on
Traian Zaharescu
Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering Sorina Mitrea
(ATEE), 23-25 May 2013, Bucharest,
Violeta Tsakiris
Romania
Virgil Marinescu
L. Avădanei
Fourth Regional Symposium on
Liana Anicăi
Electrochemistry: South-East Europe,
Mariana Lili Mareş (Badea)
RSE-SEE-4, May 26-30, 2013, Ljubljana, Anca Cojocaru
Slovenia, Book of abstracts, Session
Paula Prioteasa
6:SDE-P-04, pp. 81
Teodor Vişan
Mariana Lili Mareş (Badea )
18th Romanian Int. Conf. on Chem. and
Anca Cojocaru
Chem. Eng., RICCCE, 4-7 September
Liana Anicăi
2013, Sinaia″, Romania, book of
Paula Prioteasa
abstracts, S3-43, ISSN 2344-1895Alexandru Lixandru
ISSN-L-2247-5389
Teodor Vişan
No.
7
Negative electrodes for NiMH
rechargeable batteries
(Electrozi negativi pentru
acumulatori de tip NiMH)
8
Functions and changes of
variables
9
The importance of developing
skills in the field of renewable
energy resources
10
Measurements of electrical
and magnetic field on board
container ships
11
Simulation and optimization
software of physical processes
in
naval
electro-energetic
system
12
Analysis problems of the short
circuit currents that appear on
board a vessel
13
Analyses of human body hiperexposure to electromagnetic
fields on seagoing vessels
14
On the
acoustic
ships
15
Engineering skills for renewable
energy technologies sector
16
Applied research in harnessing
hydropower to obtain electrical
energy
17
use of computer
modeling onboard
Development of W-Cu-Ni
Electrical Contact Materials
with Enhanced Mechanical
Properties by Spark Plasma
Sintering Process
Authors
National Conference for New and
Renewable Energy Sources, 14th edition,
Targoviste, Romania, Nov. 7-9, 2013
Mihai Iordoc
Paula Prioteasa
Aristofan Teişanu
The 23th International Scientific
Conference NAV-MAR-EDU 2013,
Constanţa, Romania, May 30 – June 01,
2013, ISSN 1843-6749
AFASES 2013, The 15-th International
Conference of Scientific Papers,
“Scientific Research and Education in
the Air Force”, Braşov, Romania, May
23-25, 2013, ISSN 2247-3173, pag.
426-430
AFASES 2013, The 15-th International
Conference of Scientific Papers,
“Scientific Research and Education in
the Air Force”, Braşov, Romania, May
23-25, 2013, ISSN 2247-3173, pag.
418-425
The 19th International Conference, The
Knowledge-Based Organization, Sibiu,
Romania, June 13-15, 2013, ISSN
1843-6722, pag.379-383, indexed ISI
CPCI
2013, ISSN 1843-6749
2013, ISSN 1843-6749
The 13th International Balkan Workshop
on Applied Physics, Constanţa, Romania,
June 04-05, 2013, S5L09, pag. 120121
The 5th International Seminar on
Engineering Education and Professional
Realization of Young Engineers, Nikola
Vaptsarov Academy, Varna, Bulgaria,
July 12, 2013
International Conference Hydraulic
equipment, Electrical equipment, Other
aspect related to hydrepower energy THINK-HIDRO.com. - Reşiţa, Romania,
Nov. 13-15, 2013, pag. 9
3rd International Advances in Applied
Physics & Materials Science Congress,
24-28 April 2013, Antalya, Turkey, ID:
327, Abstract Books, 279
G. Dogaru
C.Ciobanu
Gheorghe Samoilescu
Gheorghe Samoilescu
C. Ciobanu
A. Barbu
Gheorghe Samoilescu
S. Radu
C. Ciobanu
S. Radu
Gheorghe Samoilescu
S. Radu
Gheorghe Samoilescu
A. Bordianu
S. Radu
Gheorghe Samoilescu
C. Ciobanu
Gheorghe Samoilescu
T. Pazara
Gheorghe Samoilescu
F. Nicolae
C. Popa
Gheorghe Samoilescu
Sergiu Nicolae
F. Deliu
L. Cizer
Magdalena Lungu
Violeta Tsakiris
Elena Enescu
Delia Pãtroi
Virgil Marinescu
Dorinel Tãlpeanu
Dan Pavelescu
Gheorghe Dumitrescu
Alexandru Radulian
No.
18
19
Synthesis
and
structural
characterization
of
nanocrystalline
bismuth
telluride by refluxing method
Procedure for the obtaining
of a composite material
based on tungsten for
electrical contacts (patent
submitted at OSIM no.
A/00942/4.12.2012)
(Procedeu de obţinere a unui
material compozit pe bază
de wolfram pentru contacte
electrice) (Brevet depus nr.
A/00942/4.12.2012)
20
Nanostructured W-Cu
electrical contact materials
processed by hot isostatic
pressing
21
In vitro structural changes on
the surface of SiO2-CaOP2O5 bioactive glasses
22
23
The calculus of the depression
in swirling flow
24
Aerodynamic resistance on fine
bubble generators
25
Thermal stability of magnetic
fluid components and systems
26
alkyd resin by modification
with TiO2 nanoparticles
Third International Conference
on Multifunctional, Hybrid and
Nanomaterials, March 3-7, 2013,
Sorrento, Italy
International Salon of Research,
Innovation and Inventics, Eleventh
Edition, March 19 to 22, 2013,
Cataloque Pro Invent 2013, p. 112,
Publishing House: U.T. Press, Cluj
Napoca, ISBN 978-973-662-812-2,
patent awarded with DIPLOMA OF
EXCELLENCE with special mention of
the jury
Authors
Gabriela Telipan
Teodora Mălaeru
Virgil Marinescu
Sorina Mitrea
Violeta Tsakiris
Magdalena Lungu
Elena Enescu
Violeta Tsakiris
Magdalena Lungu
Elena Enescu
Dan Pavelescu
Gheorghe Dumitrescu
Alexandru Radulian
Dan Nicolae Ungureanu
Nicolae Angelescu
8th International Conference on Materials Adrian Catangiu
Science & Engineering – BRAMAT 2013, Veronica Despa
February 28 – March 2, 2013, Book of
Vasile Bratu
Abstracts (CD), Brașov, Romania
Florina Violeta Anghelina
Violeta Tsakiris
Virgil Marinescu
18th Romanian International Conference Claudia Maria Simonescu
on Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Irina Marin
(RICCCE-XVIII), September 4-7, 2013,
Carmen Deleanu
Sinaia, Romania
Mioara Dragne
Virgil Marinescu
Christu Ţârdei
Ovidiu Oprea
6th International Conference on Energy
and Environment CIEM2013, Section
Mândrea L.
6 – Fluid Mechanics and Application,
Bunea Florentina
position CD S6_3, Bucharest, Romania,
Chihaia Rareş
7-8 November 2013, Politehnica Press
Publishing House, ISSN 2067-0893
6th International Conference on Energy
Oprina Gabriela
and Environment CIEM2013, Section
Băran Gheorghe
6 – Fluid Mechanics and Application, Bunea Florentina
position CD S6_5, Bucharest, Romania, Băbuţanu Corina Alice
7-8 November 2013, Politehnica Press
Mândrea L.
Publishing House, ISSN 2067-0893
Voinea Andreea
Zaharescu Traian
Proc. Int. Conf. RICCCE 18, Sinaia,
Setnescu Radu
Romania, Sept. 4-8, 2013
Borbath Istvan
Mitrea Sorina
Zaharescu Traian
Caramitu Alina
Pleşa Ilona
Bornath Istvan
Physics & Materials Science Congress,
APMAS 2013 , April 23-28, 2013, Book
of Abstracts (CD), p. 292, Antalya,
Turkey
No.
27
28
29
Basic radiation processing
of polymers for industrial
applications
Radiation effects in
polyisobuthylene succinic
anhydride with silica and
magnetite nanoparticles
Influence of POSS on the
radiation degradation of
polyurethane
30
Modifications induced by
gamma irradiation in PA6/
EPDM blends
31
Modifications thermal
and radiation stability of
polyolefins modified with silica
nanoparticles
32
Unconventional obtaining
technologies for tini shape
memory alloys used in
biomedical applications
33
Integrated system for dynamic
monitoring of air and water
34
Considerations on hotspots
policies in the Black Sea area
35
Rivers monitoring management
in Black Sea riparian countries
36
Integrated system for dynamic
monitoring and warning in
case of technological risks
in cross-border areas of the
Danube River. REACT Project
– Romania-Bulgaria area
(Sistem integrat pentru
monitorizare dinamică şi
avertizare în caz de riscuri
tehnologice în zonele
transfrontaliere ale fluviului
Dunărea. Proiect REACT –
zona România-Bulgaria)
Authors
Zaharescu Traian
Int. Meeting on Radiation Processing
Zaharescu Traian
(IMRP 17), Shanghai, R.China, Oct. 4-9, Borbath Istvan
Vékás L.
2013
Zaharescu Traian
(IMRP 17), Shanghai, R.China, Oct. 4-9,
Pielichowski K.
2013
Zaharescu Traian
Pleşa llona
(IMRP 17), Shanghai, R.China, Oct. 4-9, Lungulescu Marius
Caramitu Alina
2013
Marinescu Virgil
Zaharescu Traian
Pleşa Ilona
(IMRP 17), Shanghai, R.China, Oct. 4-9, Lungulescu Marius
Caramitu Alina
2013
Marinescu Virgil
Cristiana Diana Cîrstea
11th Conference on Colloid and Surface Magdalena Lungu
Virgil Marinescu
Chemistry, “Petru Poni” Institute
Dorinel Tălpeanu
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi,
Mariana Lucaci
Romania, May 2013
Violeta Tsakiris
D. Răducanu
The 23rd International Scientific
Georgeta Alecu
Conference, NAV-MAR-EDU 2013,
Constantin Vîlcu
Andreea Voina
May 30th – June 1st 2013, Constanţa,
Wilhelm Kappel
Romania
Georgeta Alecu
Andreea Voina
Violeta Velikova
Veselina Mihneva
Gülsen Avaz
May 30th – June 1st 2013, Constanţa,
Manana Devidze
Romania
Kateryna Utkina
Velichka Velikova
Georgeta Alecu
Violeta Velikova
Veselina Mihneva
Kateryna Utkina
Yevgen Godin
th
st
May 30 – June 1 2013, Constanţa,
Manana Devidze
Romania
Gülsen Avaz
Pembe Ozer Erdogan
Velichka Velikova
Constantin Vîlcu
Gheorghe Voicu
2nd International Conference of Thermal
Georgeta Alecu
Equipment, Renewable Energy and Rural
Gigel Paraschiv
Development, TE-RE-RD 2013, 20-22
Carol Lehr
June 2013, Romania
Silviu Ionescu
Adrian Nedea
No.
37
38
39
40
41
Life estimation of cable
insulations by DSC and FT‑IR
analysis
42
43
THz spectroscopy and
molecular modeling of bovine
serum albumin solutions with
different pH conditions
45
46
The 13th International Balkan Workshop
on Applied Physics, 4-6 Iulie 2014,
Constanța, Romania
Obtaining of biogas and ecofertilizers from agricultural an
“Renewable energies and sollutions for
zootechnical waste
application in agriculture”, AGIR, 14
(Producerea de biogaz şi
November 2013
ecofertilizanţi
din
deşeuri
agrozootehnice)
Conference on New and Renewable
Applicative Research for Waste
Energy, 14th Edition, Târgovişte, 7 - 9
Management to Biogas
Nov. 2013
Opportunity
of
energy
recovery
from
agricultural
and zootechnical waste in
decentralized biogas plants
Workshop organized by Prefecture of
(Oportunităţi de valorificare Calarasi, 26 November 2013
energetică
a
deşeurilor
agrozootehnice în instalaţii de
biogaz descentralizate)
The 22nd International Symposium
Algal Biomass – A Viable Source
„Deltas and Wetlands”, Tulcea, Romania,
for Biogas and Biodiesel
September 2013
Protein dynamics in solutions
of different pH values probed
by THz spectroscopy and
molecular modeling
44
Authors
Marius Eduard Lungulescu
Tanța Setnescu
Radu Setnescu
Iulian Băncuță
Anca Gheboianu
Roxana Băncuță
Carmen Mateescu
Carmen Mateescu
Carmen Mateescu
Carmen Mateescu
Nicoleta Butoi
M.Mernea
O.Grigore
O.Calborean
Jana Pintea
T.Dascalu
D.Mihailescu
M.Mernea
12th National Conference of Biophysics O.Grigore
“CNB 2013” - Biophysics for Health,
O.Calborean
with International Participation, June 13- Jana Pintea
17, 2013, Iaşi, Romania
T.Dascalu
D.Mihailescu
1st Annual Conference of COST Action
MP1204 & International Conference on
Semiconductor Mid-IR Materials and
Optics SMMO2013
Linear actuators for medical
rehabilitation procedures
INGIMED XIV „Biomedical Engineering:
(Actuatori liniari pentru
increased knowledge and long life”, Nov.
proceduri de reabilitare
7, 2013, Bucharest, Romania
medicală)
Perspiration microsensors in
INGIMED XIV „Biomedical Engineering:
textile structures
increased knowledge and long life”, Nov.
(Microsenzori de transpiraţie în
7, 2013, Bucharest, Romania
structuri textile)
Research in the field of
aeronautical components
made in ICPE during 19976th edition of “Workshop of Romanian
1992
Electrical Engineering History”, Oct. 10,
(Cercetări în domeniul
2013, Bucharest, Romania
componentelor aeronautice
realizate în ICPE în perioada
1977- 1992)
Mircea Ignat
Laurenţiu Cătănescu
Gabriela Hristea
Maria Buzdugan
Marcela Radu
Mircea Ignat
No.
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
Scientific Research Centre for
Young Olympics
(Centrul de Iniţiere în
Cercetarea Ştiinţifică pentru
Tinerii Olimpici)
3-rd edition of “Workshop of MEMS and
NEMS Young Researchers”, Sept. 19, Mircea Ignat
2013, Bucharest, Romania
The 11th Mediterranean Conference
on Calorimetry and Thermal Analysis
MEDICTA 2013, June 11-15, Athens,
Greece
Accelerating ageing effects International Conference of Physical
on denaturation and softening Chemistry – ROMPHYSCHEM 15, 11-13
behavior of parchments
September 2013, Bucharest, Romania
Romanian Academy – Division of
Non-isothermal kinetics of
Chemical Science. Commision of
[MPy2]Cl2 (M=Cd,Cu, Mn;
Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 22nd
Py = pyridine) thermal
edition of Annual Workshop of Scientific
decomposition
Papers - Bucharest
TGA-FTIR characterization of
collagen in inert and oxidative Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 22nd
atmospheres
Papers - Bucharest
Accelerating ageing effects
on denaturation and softening
behavior of parchments
Comparison between
artificially and naturally aged
leathers. A MHT and DSC
study
Use of thermal analysis
methods to asses the damage
in the bookbindings of some
Romanian religious books from
XVIII century
Some actual problems in
theory and practice in thermal
analysis kinetics (key lecture)
Non-isothermal kinetics of
[MPy2]Cl2 (M=Cd,Cu, Mn;
Py = pyridine) thermal
decomposition
Authors
Andrei Cucoş
Petru Budrugeac
L.Miu
Andrei Cucoş
Petru Budrugeac
L.Miu
Mihaela Badea
Eugen Segal
Petru Budrugeac
Andrei Cucoş
Petru Budrugeac
Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 22nd
Papers - Bucharest
Cristina Carşote
Petru Budrugeac
Elena Badea
Irina Petroviciu
Lucreţia Miu
Giuseppe Della Gatta
The 11th Mediterranean Conference on
Calorimetry and Thermal Analysis MEDICTA 2013, Athens, Greece
Petru Budrugeac
Andrei Cucoş
Lucreţia Miu
ROMPHTSCHEM, 2013, Bucharest
Petru Budrugeac
ROMPHTSCHEM, 2013, Bucharest
Mihaela Badea
Eugen Segal
Petru Budrugeac
56
Central and Eastern European
Characterization of a
Conference on Thermal Analysis and
Byzantine manuscript by DSC,
Calorimetry - (CEEC-TAC2), Vilnius,
thermal microscopy and FTIR
Lithuania, 2013
57
Conversion of Danube flow
using kinetic micro-turbines
International Conference on Energy
Efficiency and Agricultural Engineering,
May 17-18, Russe, Bulgaria, ISSN 13119974
Cristina Carşote
Petru Budrugeac
Lucreţia Miu
Irina Petroviciu
Nikifor Stefanov
Haralampiev
Sergiu Nicolaie
M.D.Cazacu
A.Ciocânea
Mihai Mihăiescu
Dorian Marin
Gabriela Oprina
Corina Băbuţanu
Adrian Nedelcu
No.
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
Authors
International Conference on Energy
Radu Mirea
Researches regarding new
Efficiency and Agricultural Engineering,
Gimi Rîmbu
nano-structured materials for
May 17-18, Russe, Bulgaria, ISSN 1311- Mihai Iordoc
hydrogen storage
9974
I.Stamatin
Transport of electric vehicles –
A solution of European cities to
increase the energy efficiency Workshop Common Strategy for Public
and to reduce the pollution Transport on Road and River in Calarasi
levels
- Silistra area
Florin Tănăsescu
(Transportul
cu
vehicule Clean access in Călăraşi - Silistra crosselectrice – O soluție a oraşelor border area, Oct. 30 – Nov. 1, Calarasi,
europene pentru creșterea Romania
eficienței
energetice
și
reducerea nivelelor de poluare)
Examples of good practices; Workshop Common Strategy for Public
Existing strategies on green Transport on Road and River in Călăraşi
transport
- Silistra area
Radu Mirea
(Exemple de bune practici; Clean access in Călăraşi - Silistra crossStrategii existente cu privire la border area, Oct. 30 – Nov. 1, Calarasi, transportul ecologic)
Romania
Land
and
river
ecologic
Workshop Common Strategy for Public
transport system for a Danube
Transport on Road and River in Călăraşi
RO-Bg cross-border town
- Silistra area
(Sistem de transport ecologic
Sergiu Nicolaie
Clean access in Călăraşi - Silistra crossterestru și fluvial pentru un
border area, Oct. 30 – Nov. 1, Calarasi, oraș din zona dunăreană
Romania
transfrontalieră Ro – Bg)
Current trends in electric
vehicles propulsion systems
- Silistra area
(Tendințe actuale în sistemele
Rareş Chihaia
Clean access in Călăraşi - Silistra crossde propulsie a vehiculelor
border area, Oct. 30 – Nov. 1, Calarasi,
electrice)
Romania
Opportunities to use the
renewable energy for ecologic
/ sustainable transport
- Silistra area
(Posibilităţi de utilizare a
Sergiu Nicolaie
Clean access in Călăraşi - Silistra crosssurselor regenerabile de energie
border area, Oct. 30 – Nov. 1, Calarasi,
pentru transportul ecologic /
Romania
durabil)
Provisions
of
European Workshop Common Strategy for Public
standards
and
directives Transport on Road and River in Călăraşi
concerning the pleasure boats - Silistra area
Florin Tănăsescu
(Prevederi ale normelor și Clean access in Călăraşi - Silistra crossdirectivelor europene privind border area, Oct. 30 – Nov. 1, Calarasi, ambarcațiunile de agrement)
Romania
Charging the batteries used in Transport on Road and River in Călăraşi
marine and road applications
- Silistra area
(Încărcarea bateriilor utilizate în Clean access in Călăraşi - Silistra crossaplicaţii marine şi rutiere)
border area, Oct. 30 – Nov. 1, Calarasi, Romania
Transport and mobility in Workshop - Training for Clean and
European politics
Energy-Efficient Local Public Transport
Radu Mirea
(Transport şi mobilitate în in Călăraşi - Silistra Cross-Border Area,
politicile europene)
Nov. 27-29, Russe, Bulgaria
No.
67
68
69
Sustainable development in
the context of climate change
(Dezvoltare durabilă în contextul
schimbărilor climatice)
New concept of measurement
apparatus for the in situ
electrical resistivity of
concrete structures
A parametric study of
lumped circuit parameters
of a miniature planar spiral
transformer
Workshop - Training for Clean and
Energy-Efficient Local Public Transport
in Călăraşi - Silistra Cross-Border Area,
Nov. 27-29, Russe, Bulgaria
The 8th International Symposium on
Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering
(ATEE), 23-25 May, 2013, Bucharest,
Romania
Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering
(ATEE), 23-25 May, 2013, Bucharest,
Romania
International Conference on Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering RICCE
18, Sept. 4-8, Sinaia, Romania, oral
presentation
Annual Session of Institute of Biology
– Romanian Academy, Bucharest,
Romania, published in Academy
Publishing House, Oct. 2013, oral
presentation
70
Rapid and green synthesis
of silver nanoparticles by
strawberry callus extract
71
Green synthesis of silver
nanoparticles using plant cell
cultures
72
E-MRS 2013 Fall Meeting (European
ZnO nanoparticles obtained by
Materials Research Society), Warsaw,
wet chemical methods
Poland, Sept. 2013, p.16-20
73
Textile sensors: wearable
technology
74
75
Effect of nanostructured
cabon compounds in vitro
plants systems
(Efectul compuşilor carbonici
nanostructuraţi în sisteme in
vitro la plante)
Epithermal neutron activation
analysis and prompt gammaray activation analysis of the
Black Sea Euxinic sediments
International Conference TEXTEH V,
October, 2013, Bucharest, Romania
Authors
Gabriela Oprina
A.M.Morega
M.Morega
Victor Stoica
J.B.Dumitru
A.M.Morega
M.Morega
Gabriela Hristea
Monica Elena Mitoi
Gina Cogalniceanu
Gina Cogalniceanu
Elena Mitoi Monica
Gabriela Hristea
Carmen Paraschiv
(Ştefănescu)
Gabriela Hristea
Gabriela Sbârcea
Gabriela Hristea
Mircea Ignat
Dragoş Ovezea
M.Buzdugan
M.Radu
19th edition of Scientific Workshop of
the „D. Brândză” Botanical Garden from Gina Cogalniceanu
University of Bucharest, Nov. 2-3, 2013, Gabriela Hristea
Bucharest, Romania, oral presentation
Seminar Aktivierungsanalyse und
Gammaspektroskopie, SAAGAS 24
O.Duliu
Otilia Ana Culicov
Otilia Ana Culicov
M.Frontasyeva
O.G.Duliu
L.C.Tugulan
D.Dumitras
C.Costea
S.Cucu-Man
M.Frontasyeva
21st International Seminar on Interaction
Otilia Ana Culicov
of Neutrons with Nuclei (ISINN-21)
D.Tarcau
E.Steinnes
76
INAA, radiometric, XRD and
SEM investigation of Southern
ICRM 2013
Dobrudja (Romania) loesspaleosoil deposits
77
First results on atmospheric
trace element deposition in
Republic of Moldova based on
biomonitoring using the moss
Hypnum cupressiforme
No.
78
Moss biomonitoring of air
quality in Romania
79
Neutron activation analysis at
IFIN-HH Bucharest and JINR
Dubna - collaborative studies
80
Biosorption of zinc, chromium
and nikel from wastewater by
microalgae Spirulina Platensis
81
The restart of the user
program at the IBR-2 reactor:
results of the first year of
operation after the reactor
modernization
Authors
I.Popescu
M.V.Frontasyeva
C.Stihi
A.Ene
21st International Seminar on Interaction S.Cucu-Man
R.Todoran
Otilia Ana Culicov
I.Zinicovscaia
My Trinh
...s.a.
A.Pantelica
21st International Seminar on Interaction
M.V.Frontasyeva
Otilia Ana Culicov
I.Zinicovscaia
Gh.Duca
L.Cepoi
T.Chiriac
L.Rudi
1st EuCheMS Congress on Green and
T.Mitina
Sustainable Chemistry
M.Frontasyeva
Otilia Ana Culicov
E.Kirkesali
S.Pavlov
S.Gundorina
A.Akshintsev
ICNS 2013 International Conference on
Neutron Scattering (ICNS 2013)
82
Physico-chemical
characterization of therapeutic Physics and Material Science Congress
muds from Romania
(APMAS 2013)
83
The determination of heavy
metals in sewage sludge from
Dambovita county to be used
in agriculture
13th International Balkan Workshop on
Applied Physics and Materials Science
Congress (APMAS 2013)
84
Sinteza şi caracterizarea unor
macromeri fotopolimerizaţi
pe bază de uretan utilizaţi ca
matrice pentru încorporarea de
oxid de grafen
(Synthesis and
characterization of some
photopolymerizable urethane
macromers as matrix for
incorporating graphene oxide)
Third International Symposium Frontiers
in Polymer Science, Sitges (near
Barcelona), Spain, 21-23 May 2013
(poster P1,137)
A.V.Belushkin
Otilia Ana Culicov
D.P.Kozlenko
Tanţa Setnescu
I.Bancuta
Radu Setnescu
A.Chilian
R.Bancuta
A.Gheboianu
I.V.Popescu
Otilia Ana Culicov
R.Bancuta
I.Bancuta
Radu Setnescu
A.Chilian
Tanţa Setnescu
R.Ion
Gh. V.Cimpoca
I. V.Popescu
A.Gheboianu
Otilia Ana Culicov
T.Buruiana
F.Jitaru
V.Podasca
G.Epurescu
Ioana Ion
E.C.Buruiana
No.
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
Preparation of hybrid
nanocomposites based on
urethane and graphene
oxide obtained by
phtopolymerization using Uv/V
laser irradiation
(Prepararea unor
nanocompozite hibrid pe bază
de uretan şi oxid de grafene
obţinute prin fotopolimerizare
utilizând iradierea laser Uv/V)
12th International Conference Polymers
for Advanced Technologies, PAT-Berlin,
29 September - 02 October 2013,
poster
Invited lecture
PMSGs solutions for gearless International Conference on
wind conversion systems with Renewable Energies and Power Quality
battery storage
(ICREPQ’13), Bilbao (Spain), 20th to 22nd
March, 2013
Invited lecture
International Conference on
Renewable Energies and Power Quality
three speed induction machine
(ICREPQ’13), Bilbao (Spain), 20nd to 22th
March, 2013
Comparative analysis of
energy efficiency for different
types of lighting lamps
19th Conference of Power Engineering
(Analiza comparativă de
CIE 2013, May 23 – 25, 2013, Oradea,
eficiență energetică pentru
Băile Felix, Romania
diferite tipuri de lămpi de
iluminat)
Magnet superferic cuadripolar
HTS, răcit cu criorăcitor prin
conducţie termică
Modeling and testing of a new
dynamic balancing system
based on magnetic interaction
Micro parts errors to precision
manufacturing using UV-LIGA
technology
Modeling, simulation and
validation of a new dynamic
balancing system based on
Authors
A.Airinei
E.C.Buruiana
F.Jitaru
T.Buruiana
G.Epurescu
Ioana Ion
T.Tudorache
L.Melcescu
Mihai Popescu
L.Melcescu
T.Tudorache
Mihai Popescu
Andreea Mituleț
Dorian Marin
Iosif Lingvay
Ion Dobrin
Eucas 2013 - 11th European Conference
A.M.Morega
of Applied Superconductivity, September
Adrian Nedelcu
15-19, 2013, Genoa, Italy
M.Morega
XII-th International Symposium “Acoustic Cristinel Ilie
& Vibration of Mechanical Structures” Daniel Comeaga
AVMS 2013, Timişoara, Bucharest
Octavian Dontu
ICMST
2013,
4-th
International Cristinel Ilie
Conference on Manufacturing Science Daniel Comeaga
and Technology, Dubai, United Arab Octavian Dontu
Emirates
Marius Popa
5th International Conference
Cristinel Ilie
on Innovations, Recent Trends
Daniel Comeaga
and Challenges in Mechatronics,
Octavian Dontu
Mechanical Engineering and New
Adrian Nedelcu
High-Tech Products Development,
Gheorghe Gheorghe,
MECAHITECH’13 International
Conference, Bucharest, Romania
Theoretical and technological ELECTROMOTION 2013, Sept., Cluj
aspects on the inertial reactive
Napoca, Romania
microwheels
International Conference of the
Electrostrictive microsensor
Electromechanically Active Polymer
based on the elastomeric
(EAP) – Artificial Muscles, EUROEAP
polymers for medical
2013, Dubendorf, Switzerland, 25-26
rehabilitation procedures
June 2013
Mircea Ignat
Mircea Ignat
Gabriela Hristea
M.Cazacu
A.Sarah Nica
No.
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
Nanocomposite based
on carbon nanotubes
and conducting polymers
with different dopants
for obtaining of modified
electrodes
Inhibition effect of the new
friendly environment inhibitors
for anticorrosion protection
on carbon steels in different
aggressive media
Normal conducting magnets
and power supplies for FAIR
- ICPE-CA participation to
the in-kind contribution of
Romania
ICPE-CA in-kind contribution
status
Authors
ROMPHYSCHEM, September 11-13,
(2013), Bucharest, Romania
Brânzoi Florina
Brânzoi Viorel
Păcureţu Cătălina
Pahom Zoia
Iordoc Mihai
ROMPHYSCHEM, September 11-13,
(2013), Bucharest, Romania
Brânzoi Florina
Brânzoi Viorel
Păcureţu Cătălina
Iordoc Mihai
Stanca Angela
HEPTech Workshop on Open Innovation,
Bucharest, Romania, October 2013
Chiriţă Ionel
34th HESR consortium meeting,
Darmstadt, Germany, Nov. 2013
Chiriţă Ionel
Hybrid structures of CdS-CdTe
CNSNRE 2013, 7-9 November 2013,
thin films for applications in
Targoviste, Romania
photovoltaic conversion
Variation of electrical
resistance with applied
pressure of polymer
nanocomposites and their
Annual Scientific Symposium of PhD
applications
students PREDEX, May 31, 2013,
(Variaţia rezistenţei electrice
Târgovişte, Romania
cu presiunea aplicată a
nanocompozitelor polimerice şi
aplicaţii ale acestora)
Polymeric nanocomposites
Annual Conference of Bucharest
materials for applications in
University, Faculty of Physics, 2013
tactile sensors
Meeting, June 21-23, 2013
„The 13th International Balkan
Current trends in research and
Workshop on Applied Physics and
development of tensoresistive
Materials Science, IBWAP 2013”, July
sensors
4-6, 2013, Constanţa, Romania
Design and testing of flexible „The 13th International Balkan
carbon naocomposites
Workshop on Applied Physics and
for resistive force sensing
Materials Science, IBWAP 2013”, July
applications
4-6, 2013, Constanţa, Romania
”The 21th Annual International
some polymeric carbon
Conference on Composites/Nano
nanocomposites influenced
Engineering”, Tenerife, Spain, July 21by different nanocarbons
27, 2013
additions
IranNano 2013 - Iran’s 6th
Flexible carbon
Nanotechnology Festival, Exhibition, 5-9
nanocomposites for resistive
Oct., 2013
force sensors
(poster)
ADVANCED TOPICS IN ELECTRICAL
low speed permanent magnets ENGINEERING, May 23-25, 2013,
synchronous generator with
Bucharest, Romania, ISSN: 2068-7966,
direct drive
ISBN: 978-1-4673-5978-8, IEEE Catalog
Number CFP1314P-CDR
Iordache Iulian
Olariu N.
Teişanu Aristofan
Chiţanu Elena
Zevri L.
Iordache Iulian
Ioniţă Ghe.
Zevri L.
Iordache Iulian
Bacinschi Z.
Zevri L.
Iordache Iulian
Zevri L.
Iordache Iulian
Teişanu Aristofan
Ioniţă Ghe.
Zevri L.
Iordache Iulian
Bacinschi Z.
Zevri L.
Iordache Iulian
Popescu Mihail
Mituleț Lucia Andreea
Chihaia Rareș Andrei
Nicolaie Sergiu
ș.a.
No.
107
Aspects regarding the
application of electric
generators to wind energy
conversion using counter
rotating turbines
ADVANCED TOPICS IN ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING, May 23-25, 2013,
Bucharest, Romania, ISSN: 2068-7966,
ISBN: 978-1-4673-5978-8, IEEE Catalog
Number CFP1314P-CDR
Authors
Popescu Mihail
Oprina Gabriela
Mituleț Lucia Andreea
Nicolaie Sergiu
ș.a.
Press releases in 2013
ICPE-CA IN 2013 MASS-MEDIA
Coverage of the institute, and therefore the most representative achievements emerged
during 2013 by addressing several directions.
On the one hand, weekly press releases were sent. Communications had to bet on Institute
projects in recent years and the ongoing stage and their achievements. Communications were
found in the pages of the largest news agencies such as Agerpres, Mediafax, Promptmedia,
Amos News, HotNews, Moldpres Rador Deca News, Romanian Global News, Good Agency,
RNews.
Information transmitted via press release referred to national or international projects in
which the Institute is involved: “Promotion of Financing Innovation in South-East Europe
(acronym PROFIS)”, “Clean access Calarasi-Silistra border area”, “Integrated management
and saving the living hotspots Black Sea ecosystem - HOT BLACK SEA”, “Cooperation
Romanian - Bulgarian for sustainable human resource young renewable energy technologies
in order to overcome the socio-cultural barriers and open opportunities for joint getting a job
along the border area”.
Also, the information provided through press releases focused on issues such as the
involvement of the Institute in the preparation of high school students from “Tudor Vianu”
National College of Informatics to participate in International Olympiad of Science Environmental
Projects INESPO 2013, obtaining the silver medal at INESPO 2013, the establishment and
inauguration of Excellency Research Centre for Initiation of Young Olympics – ECYO, the
market launch of innovative product PG-β-TCP used for bone reconstruction, opening the
gates to visit our institute under the “Other School” Programme, organizing the symposia
“INGIMED XIV: biomedical engineering - increased knowledge and long life”, “Symposium of
Young Researchers in the field of MEMS and NEMS”, AGIR award obtained by our institute
in the field of “Material engineering” for the project entitled “Granular synthetic product for
applications in oral surgery and implantology, filling applications and reconstruction of bone
defects: sinus lift, alveolar defects filling after extraction and after corrective osteotomies
(PG beta-TCP, 500-1000µm)” and the ecological solution proposed by our institute for the
extraction of gold from Rosia Montana using the selective fragmentation of rocks.
To increase the impact of media releases, they were posted on well-known press releases or
news websites. We mention here: ecomunicate.ro, comunicatedepresa.ro, comunicatemedia.
ro, comunicate-de-presa.ro, webpr, stiriro.com, fabricadebani.ro, ecomagazin.ro, niuzer.
ro, recolta.eu, panoramamedia.ro, bioproduct.ro, stiinta.info, asiiromani.com, stiriro.com,
monitorulsb.ro, stiriawzi.ro, rsshunt.ro, roportal.ro, ziare-pe-net.ro, ziare.realitatea.net, ziare.
ro, ziarulstiintelor.eu, stiintaazi.ro, asinfo.ro, roportal.ro, agentiadecarte.ro, ziareaz.ro, stiam.
ro, cluj-am.ro, ccib.ro, ultimelestiri.com, stiri-financiare.ro, ziarero.antena3.ro, napocanews.
ro, e-stireazilei.ro, atitudinea.ro, confluente.ro, discard.ro, newsring.ro, scienceline.ro,
braila247.com, stirinoi.com, napocanews, asinfo.ro, rsshunt.ro, haga.mae.ro, igadget.ro,
scientia.ro, saptamana.com, antena3.ro, viatavalcii.ro, ancs.ro, asinfo.ro, stiri-din-romania.
com, ghidelectric.com, promoafaceri.com, ultima-ora.ro, administratie.ro, newsbucovina.
ro, afacerilaminut.ro, suceava1.ro, capitalul.ro, agora.ro, stiri.rol.ro, sursadestiri.ro,
indexstiri.ro, stirilemedia.ro, ziaregratis.ro, infoziare.ro, paginadestiri.ro, pescurt.ro, 1stiri.
ro, bucharestherald.ro, evz.ro, ro-afaceri.ro, scoalaedu.ro, dezvaluiri.ro, ziarebusiness.com,
banknews.ro, stirideromania.ro, revistapresei.businessline.ro, allnews4all.ro, financiarul.
ro, bursa.ro, revista-presei.com, stiri.astazi.ro, observator.ro, ziarelive.ro, ziuaconstanta.ro,
marketingromania.ro, ziar.com, ziarulprofit.ro, scientia.ro, ziarulfaclia.ro, presa-online.ro,
ICPE-CA in 2013 mass-media
presaonline.com, get.ro, infosanatate.ro, stirea.com, money.ro, ziuacargo.ro, instalnews.ro,
adevarul.ro, realitatea-ialomiteana.ro, actualitati.net, calificativ.ro, agora.ro, stiriong.ro, stiriitc.ro, star-storage.ro, digi24.ro, curentul.ro, jurnalul.ro, agir.ro, diacaf.com, stirilepescurt.
ro, goldfmromania.ro, enational.ro, curierulnational.ro, jurnalulbucurestiului.ro, infoportal.
rtv.net, 008.ro, stiintasitehnica.com, edu.ro.
Meanwhile, in the pages of the following magazines: “Modern Dentistry”, “Science and
Technology”, “Market Watch”, “The Economist”, “Edu School”, “Engineering World”, “The
financier”, articles have been outlined with reference to the institute as “The Spider, resource
for adhesives industry”, “Introduction to the profession, investment business”, “ICPE-CA
supports early and innovative business”, “ICPE-CA invests in the training of future scientists:
first Excellency Research Centre for High School Students opens in autumn”, “Stefan Iov and
Alexandru Glonţaru, junior researchers student awarded at Olympiad”, “Romanian scientists
have launched on market an innovative product”, “ICPE-CA launches Beta TCP granules
restoring human bones”, “ICPE-CA: ecological solution for the extraction of gold from Rosia
Montana”, “AGIR Awards for 2012”, “Rosia Montana. Alternative solution to cyanide?”.
Also, in newspaper pages, particularly those oriented towards science topics were found
news about our institute. Adevărul, Impact, Craiovaforum, Actualitatea de Călăraşi, Bursa,
Business Point, Business Adviser, Curentul, EcoMagazin, Financiarul, Curierul Zilei, Făclia,
Monitorul de Sibiu, Viaţa Vâlcii, Ziua de Constanţa, Cultura Valceană, Realitatea Ialomiţeană
are just a few examples.
On the other hand, there have been given more than 20 interviews, broadcasted live
on Radio Bucharest FM, Radio Romania News, and most of these were broadcasted on
Radio Romania Cultural in the programs like “Science in the right words,” “Explorers world
of tomorrow” and “Science at home”. Also, the Institute has organized an edition of the
show “Science Cafe”, at which attended beneficiaries of technology transfer made by the
institute.
Certainly, were not omitted any television appearances. The General Manager, Wilhelm
Kappel, was interviewed in the program “Business Success. Invest in Romania” at TVRi
television station and participated in a debate on the show “Time of news” at TVR 2
television channel. In the same context, the television channels Antena1, TVRi, TVR 1, PRO
TV, Digi 24 TVR2, TVH, B1 had news about novelties and projects developed by ICPE-CA or
have hosted the participation of institute representatives at debates on topics of interest.
C MY K
Rural
www.actualitateacalarasi.ro
vineri, 12 iulie 2013
dezvoltarea comunei Radovanu
rigole către drumul judeţean (DJ)
Radovanu-Şoldanu, ca toată apa să
se ducă pe DJ, lăsând în urmă pământ, pe un drum pietruit, dovedind astfel, că există o iresponsabilitate, atât ca cetăţean cât şi în
calitate de consilier local. Nu poţi
deversa toată apa pe un drum judeţean, dacă îţi pasă de comunitatea în care trăieşti, mai ales că e un
drum folosit de toată lumea şi întreţinut de primărie. În ultimii ani,
am profilat şi compactat acest
drum, prin sponsorii şi relaţiile
profesionale pe care le am, ca primar, cu firmele care au lucrat în
Radovanu, fără să dăm bani de la
buget pentru lucrare. Sigur nu se
teme nici de oprobriul public, nici
de amenzi, pentru faptele sale,
pentru că, inclusiv, amenda dată de
ITM, în valoare de 1 miliard de lei
vechi, pentru munca la negru, a
fost radiată de instanţă. Nu se teme
de amenzi şi nici nu îşi doreşte să
intre în legalitate.”, spune primarul
comunei.
Renovarea bisericii, în
atenţia Primăriei
„Chiar dacă întâmpinăm greutăţi la proiectele care trebuie votate
cu 2/3-imi, deoarece pentru 1 singur vot, nu trec proiecte importante, reuşim să promovăm investiţii,
care au nevoie de votul a jumătate
plus unu, dintre consilieri.
Astfel, prin hotărâre de Consiliu
Local, s-au alocat 60.000 de lei
pentru renovarea exterioară a bisericii Sf Gheorghe. Lucrările sunt în
curs de execuţie, s-a efectuat o parte din lucrare şi, în cel mult, 30 de
zile vrem să terminăm investiţiile.
Este mult de lucru la această biserică şi sper, ca anul viitor, să pot să
obţin fonduri pentru pictura din interiorul bisericii”, afirmă primarul.
Ca nemulţumire...
Structura Consiliului Local mă
nemulţumeşte cel mai tare, deoarece acţiunile consilierilor USL nu au
la baza lucruri obiective, motive
reale. Nu poţi spune că ai motiv real
să refuzi venirea unui medic stomatolog la Radovanu, sau că au fost
motive reale când au refuzat, în
mandatul anterior, ca Radovanu să
primească subvenţie de la APIA de
1,4 mld de lei vechi; că există motive reale să nu vrei apă şi canalizare
la tine în comună ori să concesionezi serviciul public de salubrizare,
când Garda de Mediu te amendează
pentru lipsa acestuia? Sunt motive
înguste, subiective, care ţin chiar şi
de frustrări personale, aşa cum se
întâmplă în cazul consilierului Partidului Conservator, Iulian David,
care a candidat de 2 ori la funcţia de
primar şi nu a câştigat niciodată!
o echipă de pompieri cu trei motopompe, care a lucrat, neîntrerupt, 48
de ore. A fost evacuată apa din mai
multe gospodării: Stefanache Nicolae, Chirnogeanu Gheorghe, Bogatu
Marin, Guresoae Maria. Datorită situaţiei care s-a creat, în urma precipitaţiilor abundente, am hotărât să renunţ la banii alocaţi întreţinerii drumurilor din interiorul comunei şi voi
propune Consiliului Local aprobarea
transferului acestor bani de la drumuri, la lucrări de decolmatare şi săpare a unor canale, care să preia tot
excesul de apă din comună şi să-l de-
verseze în râul Argeş. Aceste canale
nu au fost decolmatate de peste 25 de
ani. Nu este un lucru uşor, dar este
absolut necesar, declară primarul comunei Radovanu.
Ce v-a bucurat și ce v-a
nemulţumit, în acest prim
an, după alegerile din
iunie 2012?
După ce am câştigat al doilea
mandat, mi-am propus să punem
în aplicare alimentarea cu apă şi
canalizare şi suntem în faza de a
desemna câştigătorul care va lucra
cei 21 de km, pe fondurile Ministerului Dezvoltării Regionale.
Marele merit, în obţinerea finanţării pentru acest proiect, îi revine
domnului senator PNL, Iulian Dumitrescu care ne-a ajutat foarte mult
în această problemă şi nu numai.
Sunt extrem de mulţumită de colaborarea cu dl senator Dumitrescu şi
am convingerea că, împreună, vom
continua modernizarea comunei
Radovanu. Profit de ocazie, să îi
mulţumesc şi pe această cale!
Ce le transmiteţi
locuitorilor?
„În mesajul meu de la alegerile
de anul trecut, am spus: Nu votaţi
pe cartofi şi ceapă, votaţi un om
care a dovedit că poate şi care a
realizat, în comună Radovanu,
timp de 4 ani, mai multe proiecte
decât şi-a propus. Oamenii au înţeles, dovadă că sunt, în continuare, primarul lor. Le transmit să aibă
încredere aşa cum au avut şi până
acum!”, spune primarul comunei
Radovanu, Vasilica Dobrescu.
Ploile torenţiale căzute, de
curând, au inundat multe
gospodării
Fenomenele naturale au creat
probleme, în urmă cu două săptămâni, în localitate. Cantitatea de precipitaţii, care a căzut între 30 iunie şi
1 iulie, a fost de 186 de litri pe metrul pătrat, în 24 de ore, o cantitate
mult prea mare pentru a putea fi absorbită de sol, şi, astfel, mai multe
gospodării, din comuna Radovanu,
au fost inundate. Acţiunea pornită a
fost una contra-cronometru.
„Am cerut ajutorul pompierilor
de la Olteniţa, zona de care aparţinem, dar aceştia nu au putut interveni, în prima parte a intervalului,
pentru că au avut o situaţie extremă,
în municipiul Olteniţa. Înainte de
venirea pompierilor, duminică noaptea, cu trei motopompe, una a primăriei şi două ale consilierului local,
Marius Dan Alecu, căruia îi mulţumesc, pe aceast cale, am acţionat în
zonele grav afectate.
După două zile, cu sprijinul inspectorului-şef al ISU Călăraşi, Daniel Popa, căruia în mulţumesc foarte
mult pe această cale, ne-a fost trimisă
7
„Cu noi, eşti informat!”
Also, to increase the visibility of research results, the institute has been involved in the
organization of symposia, conferences, workshops and seminars. We mention: Symposium
of Young Researchers in the field of MEMS and NEMS – third edition, Energy Lab1, RENERGY
project, Energy Lab2, RENERGY project, Benchmarking Workshop on innovation competitions
in South East Europe, Workshop of Romanian Electrical Engineering History - sixth edition,
Workshop INGIMED XIV - biomedical engineering: knowledge enhanced and extended life,
where our institute has enjoyed attention from participants and journalists.
zvoltare
etare-de
ECONOMISTUL cerc
INIȚIERE
ÎN PROFESIE,
INVESTIȚIE
ÎN AFACERI
P
AICI, ACUM, ACASĂ
entru perspectiva mediului de
afaceri românesc, este încua
rajatoare acumulares
dovezilor de intere
al tinerilor față de
profesionalizare și
față de fundamentarea unor afaceri
prin mijloace proprii, într-un cadru
care să fie de partea lor.
FLORIN ANTONESCU
42
în acest sens s-a
mă rundă de lucru în organizarea
i investitor,
derulat la București, i au prezentat
susținere a potențialulu
ipanți
deține ideea proAR DE FINANîn faza când acesta dar nu are bani, ICPE-CA. Partic ismelor de finanțare,
n SISTEM UNIT
O cercetare
larg),
mecan
sens
ĂRII.
cul
(în
i
INOV
specifi
A
dusulu
treȚARE
rării. Rezulcâți bani i-ar
obstacolelor
punând bazele conluc desfășurării
eventual nici nu știe
pentru identificarea
finanțării activității bui și nu știe nici de unde să-i ceară,
tatul așteptat în urma
rului
care apar în calea
e etc. La încheierea proiectului „este creșterea numă
ebi în stadiile
ce etape să urmez a un veritabil
de inovare, îndeos ii, precum și
în piață”, spune
de companii viabile ierea sa este că, și
proiectului, va rezult în antreprede început ale afacercererii de sertorii
ing. Ion Ivan. Aprec oameni dispuși
ghid pentru începă cei interesați vor
pentru identificarea e inovarea,
există
noriat. Urmându-l, ile necesare pen- la această oră, ea (unii chiar o fac),
vicii care pot să sprijin
Cerde
al
Națion
să susțină inovar
afla care sunt serviciafaceri pornite
dezvoltă Institutul
ă, condiția fiind
pentru Inginerie
inclusiv în țara noastr sustenabile la
tru demararea unei e și mijloacele
cetare-Dezvoltare
prin proiectul
să li se prezinte oferte miei și, în
de la o idee de inovar
Electrică – ICPE-CA,otion of Finanecono
viabilă. Aria de
nivelul cerințelor
un
pentru a face ideea
transnațional „Prom
devină funcțional în
pentru susținerea
South-East Eucăutare a resursei pornire, este vi- același timp, să
cing Innovation in eri din Ungaria,
investiția
jeze
de
încura
sistem care să
afacerii, în faza ei
rope”, având parten
e.
apărând și necest, Slovacia,
zată a fi largă, de aiciconsorțiu și a sta- produse de inovar
Austria, Italia de nord-e , Bosnianentă de concretizaunui
Serbia
compo
a,
o
creării
Ca
Croați
ia,
sitatea
s,
e
Sloven
ași demer la
unitar de acțiun
re, în cuprinsul acelui se va desfășura
bilirii unui sistem
Herțegovina.
viitor
„un studiu
inovării, chiar de
pentru finanțarea de finanțare. Ac- mijlocul anului că – o competiție de
Proiectul reprezintă ate de ansolicit
o aplicație practi
creare a unor rețele
asupra serviciilor
are colecteacare să-i convingă
nevoie de
ive,
au
cercet
de
care
t
inovat
te
tineri,
proiec
proiec
tualul
treprenorii
că merită să vină
să armonizeze
le momente ale
pe unii finanțatori
ză, compară și caută ci, experiențe
finanțare în prime
investitori care
ează managerul
în sprijinul acelor
principii, bune practide competiții
afacerii lor”, preciz Ivan, director la
de succes
ului
pot avea o reprezentare
proiectului, ing. Ion spus, cercetarea specifice sistema inovării din fiecare
Întrecerea va
la nivelul producției.
și de finanțare
CTT ICPE-CA. Altfelne să găsească
în consorțiu. O priO
entată
propu
își
reprez
ie
țară
în discuț
WWW.ECONOMISTUL.R
eficiente de
modalitățile cele mai
7), 29 APRILIE - 12 MAI
NR. 16-17 (116-11
2013
48
ECONOMISTUL cercetare-dezvoltare
njentrnuul,
Păia
rsă pe
S
resu
zivilor
industria ade
usținerea unor
vul este o substanță de natură glico- complexă, odată cu îndrumarea din
teme de cercetare
proteică, cu proprietăți adezive și
partea ICPE-CA, din școală (prof.
îndrăznețe, fundaelastice, fiind cunoscute două tipuri: Simona Vasilescu, biologie, Colegiul
mentate științific
Viscid și Grumfoot”, au precizat cei
Național de Informatică „Tudor Viși economic, în
doi cercetători, în descrierea proanu” din București), din mediul acaperspectiva transfeiectului, prezentată la ICPE-CA, în
demic (dr. Ioan Ardelean, Institutul
rului în industrie,
fața a numeroși reprezentanți din
de Biologie al Academiei Române),
reprezintă o parte
economie și din cercetare. Unele
din mediul economic (Fundația
esențială a politicii Institutului
proprietăți ale acestui adeziv sunt
„Star Storage”, care a făcut posibilă
Național de Cercetare-Dezvoltare
cunoscute, altele fac și vor face, în
deplasarea la INESPO). Peste toate,
pentru Inginerie Electrică – ICPEcontinuare, obiectul cercetării, aflate se așază aprecierile profesioniste
CA. O atenție specială este acordată
în fază de început. Nu sunt cunosale evaluatorilor (reprezentanți ai
tinerilor, încurajați atât în ceea ce
cute proprietățile mecanice după
mediului academic, ai industriei și
privește încadrarea lor în colectivele izolarea substanței, izolare anunțată ai publicului) de la olimpiada din
de lucru ale institutului, cât și prin
ca reușită de ultimă oră a echipei de
Olanda.
îndrumarea pentru dezvoltarea unor cercetare. Totodată, nu sunt detercreații inovative, după cum subliniminate genele care codifică protein PREMIERĂ: CENTRU DE
ază directorul general al ICPE-CA,
nele componente, pentru a se putea
INIȚIERE ÎN CERCETARE. În
prof. univ. dr. ing. Wilhelm Kappel.
încerca obținerea unui adeziv indus- contextul intensificării cercetărilor
Un exemplu de succes în acest sens
trial. Nu se știe nici dacă adezivul își de profunzime în domeniul ingineîl reprezintă coordonarea de către
păstrează proprietățile în condițiile
riei electrice, inclusiv prin valorifidr. ing. Mircea Ignat, șeful Departasintetizării pe cale artificială sau prin carea potențialului de inteligență
mentului Micro-Nano-Elecmetoda ingineriei genetice.
creatoare a tinerilor, ICPE-CA va
trotehnologii, a echipei
Sigur, este multă fandeschide, în premieră la noi, un cenColegiului Național de
Primele produse tezie în demersul tineri- tru de inițiere în cercetare științifică
Informatică „Tudor
lor
cercetători
Alexandestinat elevilor olimpici. Vor fi
propuse industriei
Vianu” din București,
dru Glonțaru și Ștefan create mici echipe de investigații pe
pe baza analizării
formată din Ștefan
Iov, însă există o bază
diverse teme, se vor desfășura semiadezivului izolat
Iov și Alexandru
solidă acumulată prin narii cu adresabilitate cuprinzătoare,
din pânza de păGlonțaru, câștigătoare
studiu și prin expenu neapărat de nivelul supradotării
ianjen
se
anunță
a medaliei de argint la
riment, cu susținere
intelectuale. n (F. A.)
Olimpiada de Proiecte
spectaculoase:
de Cercetare INESPO
2013, desfășurată în Olanda,
- Un sisla Middelbourg, și a premiului I
tem de frânare
la competiția ROSEF 2013, de la Su–
ceava, performanțe deschizătoare de
pentru automobile ziade
perspective spre Intel ISEF 2014.
în momentul frânării, roții
Proiectul de cercetare medaliat
lul
nive
la
vul este injectat
are ca obiectiv un produs cu perspecpreluând o
tive de a revoluționa industria adeziprin orificii speciale, cinetică,
rgia
vilor. Tinerii cercetători au pornit de
mare parte din ene
la investigarea capacității deosebite
ată.
roata fiind deceler
a unei specii de păianjen (păianjenul
i („Viscid”)
- Un tip de cărămiz poziție a
de grădină) de a produce materiale
organice – o substanță adezivă care
– valorificarea în com de a prelua
lui
zivu
facilitează structurarea pânzei, astfel
capacității ade
încât să prindă prada, să reziste la
natură de
șocurile produse în captive,
școurile produse de reacția acesteia
mișcările insectelor ctă.
și să se întindă considerabil. „AdeziNR. 27-28 (127-128), 22 IULIE - 4 AUGUST 2013
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WWW.ECONOMISTUL.RO
EXCELLENCE CENTRE
FOR INITIATION OF YOUNG
OLYMPICS TO SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCH
I have no extraordinary talent for something. I’m just extremely curious.
The most beautiful and profound human experience is my mysterios.
(Nu am nici un talent anume. Sunt doar extraordinar de curios.
Cea mai frumoasă și profundă trăire omenească este misterul.)
Albert Einstein
Excellence Centre for Initiation of Young Olympics to Scientific Research
If it were to identify a story of ideas to initiate
scientific research center for young Olympians, then
this is the success story of Stefan (Iov) and Alexandru
(Glonţaru), with whom I lived one of the strangest and
fabulous adventures in 2013, adventure which I think
is perhaps the most important of my life...
In the fall of 2012 I was asked by a good friend
Professor Ioan Ardelean of the Institute of Biology of
the Romanian Academy to assist in a research project
on spiders, a team of students (Stefan and Alex), both
of them Olympic, one in chemistry and the other in
physics.
We have organized the first meeting in October
2012, and then until 2013 at INESPO Olympics, the
Netherlands, we held a training seminar of the project,
every Thursday at 9, with a consistency which is
not very mature researchers found. The result was
the obtaining of Silver Medal at the competition of
INESPO in June 2012 and then winning the Olympics
on research projects in Romania, which has led in
qualification to INTELL 2014 from USA.
Last but not least, to remember in this story, the
essential role of company STAR STORAGE that made
possible the participation in the Olympics in the
Netherlands, with the feeling that the Ministry of
National Education had no idea of this event and the
performance ...
For me and for many researchers, research should be
seen as a game (see Fr. Bacon, Newton, Fermi, Ortega Y
Gasset, Robert Feynman ...) and not as entertainment;
I recognize, the mentality less appreciated by the
Romania in a constant state of transition, in which
we learn today that education and research should be
conducted more by the political administrators (see the
opinion and decision of the politicians today, when the
tradition, in all countries, is that the people of science
have a very good reputation, and not the people who
have no idea of it).
Many times I hear it beating his fist on the table, “…
we don’t play, we made products …” (as the scientific
research purposes would have no material purpose in
the end).
Yes, I have found the two young Olympics a fresh
joy of the game and a generous power for swimming in
rough waters of knowledge, actually the first important
key to science. Schiller said “… the most serious are
the children when they play …”, and so you wonder
why new enlightened adults have the right to be bored
in dealing with the children and become “a sister’s
boss” too fast (see Flight Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, the
American film and also the play staged at the National
Theatre of Bucharest).
Therefore, the consequence of this success story,
which showed that it is possible, of course, that children
who projects are deserving and especially competitive
(yes, and that I appreciated that Stefan and Alex
look forward and joyfully accepted the competition,
attention, a specificity which we Romanians get
harder!) is initiating this Centre for Initiation of Young
Olympics to Scientific Research in our institute.
I add and other motivations:
- Scientific research is an area that requires a
special training, at least in the methodology.
- A different mentality than that in which we float
randomly most of the time.
- It is for the elite to strengthen their (longer
recognize the current critical mass consisting of
mediocre and below-mediocre man supports hardly the
elite, but this was not always in Romania; between
the world wars we had the elite who practiced even
patriotism without outbid!).
- The unconditional obligation to offer all possible
good. And therefore sustaining today these kids, they
will reach competitive professional results and that
means that the community makes its duty.
- To make it possible to continue the effort of
these special children (for which a baccalaureate is the
main project) to curiosity and competition.
Scientific Researcher first degree,
Dr. Eng. Mircea Ignat,
Coordinator of Centre for Initiation of Young Olympics to Scientific Research
September 12, 2013
Parade with flags and presentation of teams at 2013 INESPO Olympics
The two Young Silver Olympics situated near the
Project stand
June 2013, The Netherlands
The two team-mates after two days of competition
Ştefan Iov and Alex Glonțaru at press conference
Explanations about the Project offered to visitors
students
Working atmosphere in the team training camp
Discussions with General Director of INCDIE ICPE-CA Bucharest, Romania
Prof. Wilhelm Kappel
Alex Glonţaru, Ştefan Iov and Mircea Ignat during
Olympics
The activities structure of Centre for Initiation of
Young Olympics to Scientific Research
I. The lecture of introduction to the scientific
research.
II. Workshops on scientific topics and Projects
with made up teams.
III.Participation to the scientific events and to
the Olympic competitions. The annual
calendar.
IV.The appointments and the dialogues of the
Olympics Centre.
V. The summer-school.
I. The structure of the introduction lecture to the
scientific research
I. Introduction lecture to the scientific research
I.1 The definition of the scientific research.
I.2 The short history of the scientific research and
a few aspects of the science philosophy.
I.3 The first work concerning to the scientific
research
Francis Bacon, Noul organon (The Novel
Organon)
I.4 The divisions of the scientific research and
the specific of this divisions. The basic and applied
research.
I.5 The researcher profiles. Who must to make
scientific research.
I.6 The scientific research methodology. The
research plan.
1.7 The imaginary and the design of the
experiment, the experimental model, the prototype and
the technologic transfer.
I.7 The interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity.
I.8 The dissemination of the scientific research.
I.9 The valuation of the scientific research.
The elite, the good world and the mediocrity, the
impostors.
I.10 A few aspects on the vanguard.
* During the introduction lecture will be invited
advisors who will present specific issues
I. Scientific workshops structure
II. Scientific workshop.
II.1 The establishing of the topic and of the
research project.
II.2 The establishing of the team.
II.3 Expression of the scientific research topic.
II.4 The strategy of the Project and the
workshop schedule.
II.5 The scientific documentation.
II.6 The establishing the theoretical bases and
the design elements.
II.7 The imagining of the experiments. The
experiments.
II.8 The drawing up of the work and the
dissemination of the research results.
The CENTRE TEAM
Ştefan Iov, „Tudor Vianu” National College
Alexandru Glonţaru, „Tudor Vianu” National College
Ioan Matei Sarivan, „Tudor Vianu” National College
Andrei Pangratie, „Tudor Vianu” National College
Andrei Corbeanu, „Iulia Hasdeu” National College
Mircea Călin Rusu, „Grigore Moisil” National College
Ana Maria Leonescu, „Sf.Sava” National College
Luca Florescu, „Sf.Sava” National College
Biology, chemistry
Physics, informatics
Physics, informatics
Informatics
Physics, Mathematics
Chemistry, Mathematics
TEACHERS AND COUNSELORS of the CENTRE
Prof. Biolog Ioan Ardelean
Institute of Biology of Romanian Academy
Department for Microbiology
Dr. Phys. Dan Radu Grigore
Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering
Department for Theoretical Physics
Dr. Mat. Radu Purice
Institute of Mathematics Research of Romanian Academy
Prof. Sarah Nica
University of Medicine and Pharmacy „Carol Davila”,
Bucharest
Head of Medical Rehabilitation Clinic
Dr. Psyhologist Camelia Popa
Institute of Phylosphical Research of Romanian Academy
Department for Psychology
Prof. Petru Budrugeac
INCDIE ICPE-CA
Head of Laboratory for Thermal Analysis
Dr. Eng. Gabriela Hristea
INCDIE ICPE-CA
Department for Micro and NanoElectroTechnologies
Dr. Chemist Traian Zaharescu
INCDIE ICPE-CA
Dr. Eng. Mircea Ignat
INCDIE ICPE-CA
Head of Department for Micro and NanoElectroTechnologies
Coordinator of Centre for Initiation of Young Olympics to
Scientific Research
Scientific Researchers first degree - Biology
Scientific Researchers first degree - Theoretical Physics
Scientific Researchers first degree – Mathematics, Equations
of mathematical physics
Scientific Researchers first degree – General Medicine,
Management of Medical Research
Scientific Researchers first degree – Creativity Phyhology
Counselor
Scientific Researchers first degree – Chemistry, Physics
Scientific Researchers first degree – Carbon Chemistry
Scientific Researchers first degree – Organic Chemistry
Scientific Researchers first degree – Electromechanical
Engineering
SCIENTIFIC WORKSHOPS
Workshop 1. THE SPIDER IS CHANGING THE GAME IN THE
ADHESIVES INDUSTRY
Workshop 2. THE ENERGY HARVESTING
Workshop 3. THE BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH WITH APPLICATIONS
Workshop 4. THE BIONIC RESEARCH WITH APPLICATIONS ON MEMS (MICRO-ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS) (??)
PARTNERSHIP
Romanian Committee
of Electrical
Engineering
CER
General Association of
the Engineers in Romania
AGIR
Avrig Town Hall, Sibiu
county
Romanian Association
of Electronics and
Software – Bucharest
ARIES
Romanian Society of
Magnetic Materials
SRMM
Professional Association
of New Energy Sources
SUNE
Romanian Association for
Technology Transfer and
Innovation
National Network
for Innovation and
Technology Transfer
National Institute for
R&D in Mine Safety
and Protection to
Explosion
INCD INSEMEX
Petrosani
R&D in Chemistry and
Petrochemistry
ICECHIM
National Institute for R&D
in Microtechnologies
IMT Bucharest
SC IPA CIFATT Craiova
National Institute of
R&D for Machines and
Installations Designed
to Agriculture and
Food Industry
INMA
Research, Development
and Testing National
Institute for Electrical
Engineering
ICMET Craiova
Mechanical Engineering and
Research Institute
SC ICTCM SA
Energy Research and
Modernizing Institute
ICEMENERG
The Romanian
Academy
Academy of Technical
Sciences of Romania
ASTR
Chamber of Commerce and
Industry of Romania
National Council of
Scientific Research in
Higher Education
CNCSIS
National Institute for Laser,
Plasma and Radiation
Physics
INFLPR
R&D in Mechatronics
and Measurement
Technique
INCDMTM
SC INTERPLAST SA
National R&D Institute
for Textiles and
Leather
INCDTP Bucuresti
SC ROSEAL SA
SC HOFIGAL
EXPORT-IMPORT SA
SC ROFEP SA Urziceni
“Ilie G. Murgulescu”
Institute of Physical
Chemistry of the
Romanian Academy
University
POLITEHNICA of
Bucharest
TRANSILVANIA
University of Brasov
University of Bucharest
VALAHIA University of
Targoviste
West University of
Timisoara
University of Craiova
“Vasile Goldis” Western
University of Arad
North University of
Baia Mare
Babes Bolyai
University of Cluj
Napoca
Politehnica University
of Timisoara
“Stefan cel Mare” University
of Suceava
Petroleum-Gas
University of Ploiesti
“Lucian Blaga”
University of Sibiu
Lower Danube
University of Galati
Ovidius University of
Constanta
Technical University
of Cluj Napoca
“Alexandru Ioan
Cuza” University of
Iasi
“Gheorghe Asachi”
of Iasi
University of Oradea
University of
Petrosani
Romanian
Acreditation
Association
RENAR
State Office for
Inventions and
Trademarks
OSIM
ROMEXPO SA
World Energy Council
- Romanian National
Committee
Executive Unit for
Financing Higher
Education and
Scientific Research
University
UEFISCSU
Executive Unit for
Financing Higher
Education, Research,
Development and
Innovation
UEFISCDI
National Research Council
CNCS
National Authority for
Scientific Research
ANCS
China Association for
Science &Technology
National Centre
for Programme
Management
Romanian EMC Association
of Civil Engineering
Bucharest
Institute of Atomic
Physics
IFA Magurele
National Institute
for R&D in
Electrochemistry and
Condensed Matter
INCEMC Timisoara
Electrical Research Institute
ICPE SA
SC ICPE-ACTEL SA
ICPE SAERP SA
Research Institute for
Electrical Machines
ICPE-ME SA
Electric Products
Certification Independent
Body
OICPE
Earth Physics
INCDFP Bucharest
National Institute
for R&D of Isotopic
and Molecular
Technologies
INCD TIM Cluj
Napoca
Romanian R&D
Institute for Gas
Turbines
COMOTI
Materials Physics
INCDFM Bucharest
“Victor Babes”
National R&D Institute
The Leather and
Footwear Institute
ICPI
National Institute
for Chemical
Pharmaceutical R&D
ICCF Bucharest
National R&D Institute for
Cryogenic and Isotope
Technologies
ICIT Ramnicu Valcea
Romanian Academy
Institute of Biology
Bucharest
“Mircea cel Batran”
Naval Academy of
Constanta
Chamber of
Commerce and
Industry of Bucharest
SC MEDAPTECH SRL
Bacau
S.C. MECRO
SYSTEM SRL
SC Q SRL Iasi
The Special
Telecommunications
Service
SC Hydro Engineering SA
Resita
Automobile DACIA SA
SC TEHNOFAVORIT
SA
Bontida, Jud. Cluj
SC
ELECTROVALCEA
SRL
REMARUL 16 Februarie SA
Cluj Napoca
UTI Bucharest
Romanian Institute
for Economic and
Social Research and
Surveys
IRECSON
National Power Grid
Company
CN
TRANSELECTRICA
SA
“Horia Hulubei” National
Institute of Physics and
Nuclear Engineering
IFIN HH
University of
Coventry
U.K.
University of Ruse
“Angel Kanchev”
Bulgaria
Kyiv National University of
Technology and Design
Ukraine
China Iron and Steel
Research Institute
Group
CISRI, China
European
Organization for
Nuclear Research
CERN, Switzerland
Joint Institute for
Nuclear Research
JINR, Russia
Research Center Jülich
Germany
Facility for Antiproton
and Ion Research in
Europe GmbH
FAIR, Germany
European
Commission
VEKOR Ltd. for
Corrosion Protection
and Analysis
Hungary
Universita degli Studi di
Perugia, Italy
Association of
Danube River
Municipalities
Bulgaria
China Association
for Science and
Technology
EDITORIAL NOTES
PUBLISHER
INCDIE ICPE-CA
Splaiul Unirii 313, sector 3
Bucharest - 030138
Phone: +40-21-346.72.31
Fax: +40-21-346.82.99
e-mail: office@icpe-ca.ro; marketing@icpe-ca.ro
http://www.icpe-ca.ro
EDITORIAL STAFF
Gabriela Obreja
Matilda Gheorghiu
LAYOUT
Razvan Serbu
NETPRESS Consulting SRL
Nicolae Titulescu Street no.88A, Sector 1
Bucharest
PHOTOS
Razvan Serbu
NET PRESS Consulting
and
Ciprian Onica
INCDIE ICPE-CA
PRINTING OFFICE
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scientific report 2013 - ICPE-CA

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