Marine Policy Voyage Ahead

Transcription

Marine Policy Voyage Ahead
Aug. 2, 2012
Source: DNV presentation “Shipping 2020”
All rights reserved © 2012, Hart Energy
Policies Focus on Emissions and CO2
 FQD, RED and GHG
emission reduction in
center stage
 Sulfur reduction is key
 Changes driven by refinery
upgrades
 Biofuels and lowcarbon in center stage
 Marine and non-road
 Fuel economy stds
 Air quality and refinery
investments as drivers
 Leader in BF introduction
 Diverse region
 Some harmonization efforts
 Varied FQ Levels + BF Blends
 Almost unleaded
 Focus on imported diesel
specs
 Diverse region
 Major exporter
Shift in Focus from On-Road Diesel
MARINE
HEATING
NON-ROAD
OFF-ROAD
LIGHT / HEAVY DUTY
38 countries already have a
limit of max 10 ppm
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MARPOL Annex VI - Revised
 Formally approved Oct. 2008 (into force, July 2010)
 Reduction in sulfur limits for marine fuel
 Agreement on NOX emissions from new and existing
ships’ engines
 Three different Emission Control Areas (ECAs) –
(SOX and PM, NOX and all three)
 ISO reviewed marine fuel quality standard
• It’s not just about sulfur though (H2S, biodiesel, ….)
Sulfur Limits Timeline
Global*
max 4.5 wt% S
max 3.5 wt% S
max 0.5 wt% S
Review Availability
SOx ECA*
max 1.00 wt% S
max 0.5 wt% S
max 0.10 wt% S
NA ECA
becomes
effective
U.S. Virgin
Island/Puerto
Rico ECA
becomes
effective
* For IMO, abatement technology (such as exhaust-gas scrubbing) is allowed as an
alternative to using compliant fuel
California
max 1.5 wt% S MGO
max 0.5 wt% S MGO
max 1.0
wt% S MGO
max 0.5
wt% S MD
max 0.10 wt % S
EU: Revised Proposal May 2012
Within ECA
max 1.00 wt% S
max 0.10 wt% S
In EU waters, but outside ECA
Passenger ships in EU
waters outside ECA
2010
max 1.50 wt% S
2012
max 0.50 wt% S
max 0.50 wt% S
2014
2016
2018
2020
Source: Compiled by IFQC from Various Sources
2024
2026
2030
NOx Emissions Limits
No limits apply
NOx Tier I: Globally
NOx Tier I: Globally, with
exceptions
NOx Tier II: Globally
NOx Tier III: only in
NOx ECAs
Date of when
Ship was Built
1990
1994
1996
NOx Limits
In revised Annex VI
Tier I
17.0 – 9.8 g/kWh
Tier II
14.4 – 7.7 g/kWh
Tier III
3.4 – 2.0 g/kWh
2000
2004
2006
2010
Within ranges shown above, exact limit
applicable depends on engine speed.
Source: Compiled by IFQC from Marpol Annex VI
2014
2016
2020
Bunker Fuel Compliance:
Scrubber Discussion
Supplier
Aalborg Industries
Belco
Clean Marine
Couple Systems
Hamworthy Krystallon
MAN 2 stroke
MES
Wartsila
Systems & Status
One system 21MW on Tor Ficaria –
Ferry
Refinery industry expertise. First
installation commenced with AP
Moller Maersk
One system 12 MW on mv Baru
One system on Timbus
Four systems installed, Largest
8MW on mv Zaandam
One system on Alexander Maersk
for Exhaust Gas Recirculation
15 units on large yachts
One system on mv Suula – Tanker
Type (Sox)
Operational Units
Hybrid
Yes - Marine
Open
Yes – Marine/Industrial
Hybrid
Dry
Yes – Marine
Yes – Marine
Open
Yes – Marine
Open/Hybrid (NOX Only)
Yes – Marine
Open (Soot only)
Closed
Yes – Marine
Yes – Marine/Industrial
Source: Hart Energy analysis and forecast (2011)
Refined Product Market Share
Middle Distillate by Sector (2010)
Industrial &
Heating Oil
27%
Non-Road &
Agricultural
12%
2011
2015
Other
Distillate
Gasoline
2020
2025
2030
LPG
Jet Fuel/Kerosene
Increment
2011-2030
Heavy Fuel Oil
Naphtha
Source: Hart’s World Refining and Fuel s Service, 2011
Marine
Diesel
4%
On-Road
Transport
57%
Trends in Bunker Fuel Composition
7.0
40%
MILLION BARRELS PER DAY
Process
35%
6.0
Crude Distillation
30%
5.0
25%
4.0
20%
3.0
REQUIRED IN THE
FUTURE
↓
Light Oil Processing
Reforming
↓
Isomerization
↓
Alkylation/Polymerization
↑
Conversion
15%
2.0
10%
1.0
5%
0.0
0%
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030
Distillate Bunker
Residual Bunker
% Diesel
Coking
↓
Catalytic Cracking
↑
Hydrocracking
↓
Hydroprocessing
Gasoline
↑
Naphta
↓
Middle Distillates
↑
Heavy Oil/Residual Fuel
↑
Source: Hart’s World Refining and Fuel s Service, 2011
GHG from Shipping – Still to be Resolved
Implementation of Different Mechanisms Raise Complex Issues
 Burden of sharing & addressing “Common but differentiated
responsibility” vs. “equal treatment for all MS”
 Legal framework used to introduce controls (MBMs)
 MEPC 63 in February/March 2012:
• Agreed on introduction of mandatory fuel efficiency
regulations
 MEPC 64 in October 2012
Conclusions
 Air quality: Pressure to shift policy focus to heavier fuels and
other transportation and stationary sources.
 Carbon footprint still to be resolved
 Shift in fuel demand and crude quality will create challenges for
refiners.
 Compliance options for Marpol Annex VI
• Technology implementation (SOx scrubbers / NOx SCR…)
• Lower-sulfur distillate
• Fuel switch to LNG
Questions/Discussion
Thank You!
Liisa Kiuru-Griffith
Executive Director, IFQC
Lkiuru@hartenergy.com
+1.713.260.6474
LNG as a marine FUEL
IFQC meeting, Houston, August 2nd, 2012
Tony Teo, Business Development Director
January 2012
DNV ORGANISATIONAL CHART (10500 Employees)
Purpose: Safeguarding Life, Property and the Environment
Oshima ECO-Ship 2020
January 2012
© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.
2
AGENDA
Background & Properties
LNG fuelled Ships
Fuel Efficient Ships
January 2012
3
Background - Environment
Geiranger Fjord
January 2012
4
The Challenge: New IMO SOx Emission Control Areas in
2015 with limited abatement options (0.1% sulphur in fuel)
1.1
LNG as fuel
2.2
Exhaust gas scrubbers
3.3
Low sulphur fuel
…or fleet redeployment,
i.e. give up trading in ECAs!
Sail
ships
Coal
fuelled
ships
LNG fuel
Oil fuelled
ships
Scrubber
Low sulphur fuel
1850
2012
2015
In addition: NOx demands in 2016, more comprehensive SOx demands in 2020
January 2012
5
LNG Properties
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96% methane (CH4)
Flammable 5 to 15% conc. in air
Liquefied at -259 deg F (-162 deg C)
Stored in Cryogenic materials
Density 42% of water
Expands 600 times
Cleanest burning fuel
Colorless
Odorless
Non Toxic
Non Corrosive
January 2012
6
1st Gas fuelled Ferry, January 2000 Prototype
• Capacity: 300 pax and 96 cars
Passenger/car ferry “GLUTRA”
 Engines:4 Mitsubishi Engs. @ 2 bars
 Speed: 12 knots
 Refuel: 6 days
International Gas Fuel
Code:
 2000 DNV Rules
 2006 Introduced to IMO
 2009 IMO Interim Guidelines
(w/similar DNV Tech contents)
 2010 Other Class issue Rules
 2014 IGF Guidelines
January 2012
7
“GLUTRA”
Tank Location
Protection from:
1. Ship side / bottom
2. External fire
3. Mechanical impact
2 x 1000 ft3
Lesser of B/15 or 2m.
Lesser of B/5 or 11.5m.
Min 760mm
Min 760mm
January 2012
8
LNG Vessels in Operation
2011
28
January 2012
9
2020:
Looking ahead
1000?
2011:
28
January 2012
10
2012:
2014:
39
63
12 Ferries from 2007
 Capacity: 587 pax / 212 cars
 Speed: 21 knots with 2x16 cyl,
3530kW
+
2x12cyl, 2650kW
 Engine: Rolls Royce, Bergen
January 2012
11
3 Passenger Ferries, 2009
Capacity: 600 passengers
Engines: 2 x 6 cyl., 380 kw Mitsubishi
Max Speed: 12 knots
Tank Size: 1000 cu ft
Refueling: 7 days
Refueling time: 1 hour
“Tide King”
“Tide Queen”
“Tide Princess”
January 2012
12
Tank Room Arrangement
• VENTILATED,
VACUUM
INSULATED
TANK
• GAS DETECTION,
COLD BOX, Gas:
+15DETECTORS
C
GAS
• BILGE WELL ALARM
DUCT PIPE - GAS LINE,
•
VENTILATED,
•
GAS DETECTORS
Block / Bleed valve
MAINTAINS TANK PRESSURE
January 2012
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Bunkering Arrangement & Piping
Drip Tray
Manual / Remote Valve
P
P
Gas detectors
Ventilation
to open air
GD
GD
Min. 760 mm
M
Duct withstand pressure from
rupture
To gas tank
Requirements:
 Operational Procedures
 Emergency Procedures
January 2012
14
7 OSVs with Wartsila DF Engines, 2003 + 10 On Order

Reduction in NOx emission = 20,000 cars
“LADY VIKING”
“VIKING ENERGY”
STRIL PIONEER
“STRIL PIONEER”
January 2012
15
3 High Speed Light Crafts + 1 On Order
 Builder: Myklebust yard, Norway
Owner: Buquebus, Montevideo
 3 Norwegian CG patrol crafts
1000 pax 153 cars ferry Argentina/Uruguay
 Power Generation: DF (Gas + Diesel)
GE LM 2500 Gas Turbine
 Max Speed: 20 knots, Range: 7 days
50 knots, 99 m Length
-
Builder: Incat
January 2012
16
RoRo ship on Order, 2008, Coaster 2011, Tug 2012
Fish Farm Product Vessel
Engine: RR 1650 KW Bergen, 14 knots
Dwt: 2650 tonnes
Tank: 90 m3
Type: RoRo/Containers
Main Engine: RR Bergen 35:40, V12, 5250 kw, 15 knots
Capacity: 94 TEU, Tanks: 430 m3
Owner: Bukser og Berging
Dimension: 35x 15.4m
Engine: 2 x 1705 KW Bergen C6
Crew: 7
Aquamaster azimuth thrusters
Bollard Pull: 65 tonnes
Redundancy (New): Take me Home
AGA Cyro Tank system,
Refuel: 7 days, 45 mins duration.
January 2012
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Ferry Terminal and LNG Storage & Refueling Area (Bergen)
Luxury Waterfront Cottages
Ferries’ LNG BunkerStation
LNG Storage Tanks
Safety Culture
January 2012
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Experiences with LNG Fuel
Some 200 000 hours (20 ships x 2000 hours x 5 years) of operation logged
 Qualitative feedback:
- Less soot
- Clean engine room => Crew Safety
- Less maintenance
 Quantitative feedback:
- No major incident is recorded
January 2012
19
DNV extraordinary innovation projects
ECORE, Ore Carrier
Lloyd’s List
Global Award, 2011.
OSHIMA ECO 2020
January 2012
20
“GREEN DOLPHIN” and “CATCHY”
LNG Fuel Capable
Waste Cold Recovery
January 2012
21
Safeguarding life, property
and the environment
www.dnv.com

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
LNG FUEL
AIR EMISSION CHALLENGES
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
IMO’s EEDI, SEEMP
RISK ASSESSMENT
C
Contact: tony.teo@dnv.com
January 2012
22

Marine Policy Voyage Ahead

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