Discovery - Koch Industries
Transcription
Discovery - Koch Industries
Discovery july 2010 THE QUARTERLY NEWSLETTER OF KOCH COMPANIES Expansive mood Earlier this year, Georgia-Pacific announced that it intends to invest roughly $500 million in new tissuepapermaking technology. On May 25, Georgia-Pacific closed on the $400 million acquisition of oriented strand board facilities from Canada’s Grant Forest Products, Inc. GP's growth continued when it closed in July on the acquisition of Parsons & Whittemore’s Alabama River and Alabama Pine pulp mills in Perdue Hill, Ala., along with other related assets. Details The Grant Forest Products acquisition included Canadian facilities in Earlton and Englehart, Ontario, as well as plants in Allendale and Clarendon, S.C. About 350 employees already work at three of those facilities. Another 50 are expected to work at the Clarendon plant when it opens. “This is our biggest acquisition since becoming a Koch company in late 2005,” said Mark Luetters, president of Georgia-Pacific Wood Products. “It’s a strategic, long-term investment. “These are world-class facilities and very complementary assets. From a strategic point of view, they are a very good fit with our current wood products operations.” Luetters believes GP’s size and liquidity helped make the deal possible. He also this issue… credits the financial strength and risktaking mentality of GP’s owner, Koch Industries. “We’re taking that chance for two reasons,” Luetters said. “First, because we believe things will get better. And second, because we’re confident these assets can do well even when things are tough.” ABCs of OSB Oriented strand board, or OSB, is an engineered structural panel. It is made by arranging compressed wood strands in perpendicular layers and bonding them together with resin. Steve Feilmeier, Koch Industries’ CFO, agrees, comparing this purchase with the acquisition of Farmland’s fertilizer plants and terminals seven years ago. Much like plywood, OSB is commonly used in both residential and commercial construction for sub-flooring, roof sheathing and exterior sheathing. “A down market in the fertilizer industry enabled us to put capital to work at a time when few others were willing,” Feilmeier said. “Those assets are now very strong performers for us.” Oriented strand board being manufactured at According to GP’s newly acquired plant in Allendale, S.C. industry sources, Stars in Alabama OSB panel production in North America jumped from about 750 million As a result of the Parsons & Whitsquare feet in 1980 to 25 billion square temore transaction, GP is now the feet in 2005. largest market pulp producer in North That growth came to a screeching halt as America and fifth-largest worldwide. a result of the global recession. “Our vision is to become the leading, global supplier of cellulose-based prodIn fact, the timing of the Clarendon opening is largely dependent on the ucts,” said Pat Boushka, GP Cellulose North American housing market, which president. “This acquisition advances has seen a dramatic drop in new home us towards our vision while creating construction. more value for our customers.” Calculated chance Luetters calls the acquisition a “calculated chance” in light of today’s depressed construction market. Decision time 2010 EH&S winners pg 4 pg 6 In addition to its Atlanta headquarters, GP Cellulose has commercial offices in Hong Kong; Montevideo; Shanghai; and Zug, Switzerland. 100-year-old Knight Perspective: Rich Fink pg 7 pg 8 Postal Pipeline As a GP employee, the article entitled “Watching the Office” in the April issue of Discovery caught my attention. This has increased the abundance and diversity of wildlife on their property, benefiting both wildlife and their livestock operation, as well as plant health, water quality, and general rangeland health. The average energy use per square foot at the Koch tower in Wichita was given as 169 kBtus. Carter Smith Executive director Texas Parks & Wildlife Department Austin, Texas How does that compare with the Georgia-Pacific tower in Atlanta? Pablo G. Dopico R&D group leader Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Decatur, Ga. The GP tower (which is 10 years older and 44 stories taller) is averaging 300 kBtus; however, the U.S. EPA prefers to use overall ratings rather than kBtus when comparing buildings. The Koch tower has a rating of 93, which means it is more energy-efficient than 93 percent of all office buildings in the United States. According to Stacy Shirley, chief engineer for the management company responsible for GP’s headquarters in Atlanta, that building has a rating of 63. That is well above the national average of 50, and up eight points from last year’s rating. Further improvement is expected this year. Thanks in part to Flint Hills Resources, my daughter, Ashley Alexander, now has a bachelor’s degree in Business Administration from Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi. I want to thank Flint Hills Resources for its promotion of posthigh school education in our community. Flint Hills’ dedication to young adults in our community is priceless. On May 15, Dave Robertson, president and COO of Koch Industries, spoke at the commencement exercises for his alma mater, Emporia State University. Koch company employees can learn more about important issues affecting all of us by visiting http://kcief.khc.local/. While at home, visit www.kochind.com and click on Viewpoint. Thank you very much for your support of Science Olympiad in Kansas. Our homeschooled kids have benefitted greatly from this program. Chris Hall Mary Beth Doty Margie Hubbard High Plains Home Educators Garden City, Kan. On May 26, Matador Ranch was honored with a Lone Star Land Steward Award from the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Following are comments by that agency’s executive director. The Matador Ranch is unique, in part simply because of its sheer size and the commitment and scale of the stewardship occurring on the ranch. Ashley’s college years were a wonderful growing experience that you made possible. Thank you again They are manfor promoting and supporting education Koch’s Matador Ranch is spread across five Texas counties. aging nearly 130,000 acres for my daughter and of important wildlife habitat using inthe youth of Corpus Christi. novative and beneficial practices such as Katherine Alexander prescribed burning, rotational grazing Corpus Christi, Texas and brush management. 2 Less than a week later, Robertson received this letter from a father whose twin daughters have both graduated from ESU. I attended the ESU graduation commencement and wanted to say I especially enjoyed and appreciated your address. Your speech was a welcome breath of fresh air. I feel this country needs more people standing up for hard work, creativeness and our country’s way. Thank you for your words and enthusiasm. Our Dave Robertson, KII’s president and children need the CEO. Photo courtesy of Dick Garvey, University Photography. same country we inherited. David Gonzales Owner, Achieve Rehab Great Bend, Kan. Letters and other submissions become the property of Koch Industries, Inc., and may be reproduced in whole or in part, including your name, for any purpose and in any manner. Letters may be edited for length or clarity. Discovery July 2010 | Volume 16 | Number 3 Editorial Board Philip Ellender Rich Fink Jeff Gentry Dale Gibbens Mary Beth Jarvis Charles Koch Jim Mahoney Dave Robertson Questions? Comments? Contact: Rod Learned 316.828.6136 rod.learned@kochps.com www.kochind.com ©2010, Koch Industries, Inc. Koch is an EOE. M/F/D/V Publication Design: Kayla Knight Koch Creative Group International News Paris - Queen Noor of Jordan with Imran Jaferey, vice president Shanghai - INVISTA produces spandex fiber in of water and wastewater, Koch Membrane Systems. Shanghai, Foshan and Lianyungang. France – Queen Noor of Jordan attended an April 26 awards ceremony in Paris where Koch Membrane Systems was honored as the Water Technology Company of the Year by the International Desalination Association. That award – voted on by IDA members, among others – is given to “the company which has made the most significant contribution in the field of water technology.” KMS was chosen for its commitment to the design, manufacture and commercialization of MegaMagnum® reverse osmosis elements and pressure vessels. A single MegaMagnum unit can process 2 million gallons of water per day. “We have invested heavily over the last 10 years, developing outstanding technologies and improving our manufacturing capabilities,” said David Koch, president of KMS and executive vice president of Koch Industries. “We are very pleased to accept this award, which recognizes our success and the difficult task of driving technology change in this market.” Asia-Pacific – When most people think about INVISTA’s presence in Asia, they immediately think of China. After all, INVISTA has built, bought or expanded assets worth hundreds of millions of dollars there since becoming a Koch company in 2004. Even so, few people realize just how extensive INVISTA’s presence in the Asia-Pacific region has become. INVISTA not only maintains offices in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. It has several plants and ventures in mainland China, especially along the industrialized coast. These include manufacturing sites in Shanghai that make spandex, nylon BCF and airbag fiber, and a fiberfill facility in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. Spandex is also made at facilities in Foshan, Guangdong Province, and Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province. INVISTA has an office in Taipei, Taiwan, and operates a textile research center in Tao Yuen County in Taiwan. That center is close to an apparel manufacturing plant. Although INVISTA recently signed an agreement to divest its beddingproducts business in China, the company’s overall direction in Asia is one of growth. To the north, INVISTA has sales and administrative offices in South Korea and Tokyo and Osaka, Japan. In Siga, central Japan, a co-owned plant makes spandex and T400™ fiber. To the south and west, INVISTA has offices in Thailand, India, Australia and Singapore, where the company has a spandex venture facility in the Tuas district of western Singapore, and an intermediate chemical plant at Sakra on Jurong Island. It has also added a nitricacid production at the Sakra site. “We are working to capture profitable growth opportunities everywhere in Monterrey - Water damage from Hurricane Alex was extensive. the world,” said Jeff Gentry, president of INVISTA, “but especially in the Asia-Pacific region where economic growth continues to be promising. “In China, for example, we will be adding even more spandex capacity later this year.” Gentry notes that all of INVISTA’s businesses are seeing increased demand. That demand, combined with improved margins, is reflected in the company’s much-improved performance. “In fact,” notes Gentry, “June was probably our best month in more than two years.” Mexico – Although Hurricane Alex was not a significant factor in efforts to deal with the Gulf oil spill, the Category 2 storm did bring torrential rainfall to portions of northern Mexico. Floodwaters there caused significant damage to the homes of six employees who work at INVISTA’s nylon and LYCRA® fiber production facility in Monterrey. Damage to that facility was slight, but the area’s infrastructure – especially its roads – will require extensive repairs. Following the storm, INVISTA promptly made financial donations to a local relief agency and area fire departments, and also arranged the donation of 20 computers to damaged schools in the area. Meanwhile, INVISTA employees in Monterrey, Queretaro and Mexico City raised the equivalent of nearly $6,000 so their affected co-workers could buy new furniture. 3 Decision time After wrestling with the worst recession in a lifetime, many governments are now facing an even bigger economic challenge: what to do next. While the issues are complex, the debate over next steps essentially boils down to two schools of thought: First, there are those who urgently insist we need to spend more – even if it requires borrowing money – in hopes of stimulating something better. On the other side are those who insist we must get in the habit of spending less and paying down debts to avoid making things even worse. Everyone agrees that the consequences of a wrong decision could be enormous. What happened For years, individuals, businesses and governments lived far beyond their means. They borrowed excessively at government-induced, artificially low interest rates and then went on spending sprees. All that spending appeared to be great for the economy, which grew at a rapid rate because of artificial stimulation. But what was growing even faster was a mountain of debt and bad investments. Consequently, when the economic meltdown began in 2008, its effects were fierce. As the recession spread from the United States to Europe and beyond, credit downgrades and defaults reached record levels. The global financial system appeared to be near collapse. Home values, commodity prices, stock values, currency rates, interest rates and fixed income assets collapsed. Unemployment rates began to soar, aggrevated by government barriers to the mobility of employment. Governments in the European Union and the United States reacted by pouring trillions of euros and dollars into “relief ” and “stimulus” programs intended to restart the economy. 4 But these actions further undermined true prosperity. With the government directing the economy, resources went to satisfying political desires rather than the desires and values of individual consumers. Of course, since there was no cash on hand for those programs, governments borrowed and central banks created even more money to fund these efforts. What then? Many families and businesses are now slowly paying down their debts and spending less, especially for things that aren’t essential. That’s why sales of new homes and automobiles (overbuilt due to easy money and government subsidies) have slumped. When the U.S. government tried to stimulate sales of those products (through the “cash for clunkers” program and first-time home buyers tax credits), sales briefly rose, but then dropped after the programs expired. 3.7 percent rate in the first quarter. That compares with growth rates of 5.1, 9.3, 8.1 and 8.5 percent in the first four quarters following the next-worst recession since World War II. On the other hand So, if individuals and businesses have decided it’s wise to trim their spending and pay down debt, what are governments doing? Just the opposite. In fact, additional deficit spending by the U.S. government has more than offset any private sector improvements. Keep in mind, this additional government spending is financed with borrowed money. Most governments were already running serious deficits before they tried to stimulate any recovery. According to the International Monetary Fund, advanced economies – like those of the United States, Japan and Europe – now have public debts that are averaging more than 110 percent of gross domestic prod“The federal budget appears to be on uct. (Emerging economies, such an unsustainable path.” as India and - Ben Bernanke China, are below 40 percent.) The drop in demand for goods and services created a decline Chairman, in industrial production that was seen around the world. In Japan, industrial production dropped 40 percent from its early 2008 peak. Even China suffered. Since so much of the world’s economy depends on consumer spending, this newly frugal behavior has meant a slow-growth economic environment. The U.S. economy grew at an annual rate of just 2.4 percent in the second quarter of this year, following a revised U.S. Federal Reserve At some point, a nation will have no reasonable hope of repaying its debts. The inevitable result is some sort of default, whether through outright bankruptcy, a restructuring of payments or devaluation of the currency. What now? Michael Hofmann is chief risk officer for Koch Industries. He also serves on the Economic Advisory Council of the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank in Kansas City. Hofmann and his team have spent several months analyzing the global economic situation and assessing the risks involved with doing business in this environment. The good news, he says, is that the global recession appears to have bottomed out…for now. “In general, the Asia-Pacific region fared better than the rest of the world,” Hofmann said. “By comparison, Europe is in much worse shape and the United States is somewhere in between.” However, Hofmann’s near-term expectations are sobering. He thinks the economies of the United States and Europe are likely to be in a relatively weak, slow-growth mode for several years. Hofmann says recoveries following serious housing busts and credit crunches typically take four or five years as banks and households focus on the hard work of rebuilding their finances. The process for a government to get out of debt is even harder, especially in a slow-growth environment. Debt binge In Europe, assistance to Greece and other nations has already cost European taxpayers far more than expected, causing some to balk at any notion of taking on further debt to bail out overextended economies. The government of France disagrees with taking a conservative approach, and suggests that even more must be done – if necessary – to preserve the European Monetary Union. In the midst of all this disagreement, there are some encouraging signs. Ireland’s government, for example, has already settled down to the painful task of cutting spending and repaying debt. In the United Kingdom, newly elected Prime Minister David Cameron and his coalition government are doing the same. Britons have been told that a difficult period of “new austerity” is unavoidable if there is to be any hope of cleaning up their dire fiscal mess. (Government spending in the United Kingdom – as a percentage of GDP – is even higher than that of hapless Greece.) come with the liabilities incurred by the current generation.” Hofmann agrees: “While painful and slow in the short term, it is essential that we allow our economy to adjust. “If politicians try to intervene and prevent or postpone this necessary adjustment, we run the serious risk of not just a double-dip recession, but a true depression.” But, if we prevent further damage and begin to reverse the harm already done, he says, we should be able larger the government to achieve positive longthe lower your growth rate term growth rates. “The gets, becomes.” - Michael Hofmann Chief Risk Officer, Koch Industries “It's important to realize that prosperity is dependent on economic freedom. As citizens, are we going to advocate for economic freedom, or bigger government and lower well-being?” Fundamental differences Taking action Daniel Tarullo, a member of the U.S. Federal Reserve’s board of governors, believes Europe’s experience “is another reminder, if one were needed, that every country with sustained budget deficits and rising debt ... needs to act in a timely manner to put in place a credible program for sustainable fiscal policies.” If you are a Koch company employee in the United States and are concerned about government debt and overspending, you should let your elected officials know about your concerns. That sort of thinking does not sit well with those urging the government to spend even more borrowed money on further “stimulus” for the shaky economy. They say we haven’t spent enough. Many who might have agreed with that policy a few years ago now disagree. “There is nothing progressive about a government who consistently spend more than they can raise,” insists Lord Myners, a high-ranking member of Britain’s former Labour government. And, he adds, there is “certainly nothing progressive that endows generations to One effective way to speak up is by visiting the Koch Companies Issues Education Forum at http:kcief.khc.local/. Click on “Want to get more involved?” for an easy way to directly contact your elected officials. Whenever and wherever possible, it’s important to put your words into action at the ballot box. Always exercise your rights to vote and to make your voice heard by policymakers. If you’re not registered, get registered today. The U.S. general election is less than three months away, on Nov. 2. Your future depends on being an educated and motivated citizen. 5 EH&S Excellence Atlanta was the host site for KII’s that you are serving as role biggest-ever Environmental, Health models, helping others foland Safety Conference in May. A relow in your footsteps.” cord 350 EH&S professionals attended And the winners are… the event, which included an awards ceremony honoring six teams from five Georgia-Pacific, which had two EH&S winners different Koch companies. in 2009, continued its In his opening remarks, Charles Koch, winning tradition with two KII’s chairman and CEO, stressed not only the necessity of EH&S excellence, more winners this year. (L-R) Jim Mahoney (KII), Lucinda Legel and Lowell Miller-Stolte (FHR - Pine Flint Hills Resources, but the opBend), Sheryl Corrigan (FHR - Wichita) and Charles Koch. FHR was one of six portunities that INVISTA and Koch2010 EH&S Award winners. Glitsch also were repeat excellence can Koch-Glitsch uses the new facility to winners. Koch Fertilizer Canada won create. measure mass transfer efficiency and the for the first time. “If we can hydraulic capacity of the “internals” the Allen Lasater, who is now the president company designs for processing plants. become clearly superior in all as- of Koch’s Reiss Remediation business, “We recognized right away that this pects of EH&S,” helped plan this year’s conference. project required more expertise than we said Koch, “we Lasater, an 18-year Koch company had,” said Randy Hardy, project leader will be able to employee, likes the fact there are no for Koch-Glitsch. “So we reached out succeed where automatic wins (such as one per comothers can’t. This pany) or limits on the number of times to several other Koch companies for the knowledge that we needed. will enable us to a company can win. He believes this grow and proapproach is more in keeping with our “I think that’s a pretty good example vide superior job MBM culture. of principles six and eight (knowledge This year’s conference and awards opportunities.” and humility) in action.” “We’ve always emphasized Marketceremony were held in Georgia-Pacific’s Koch outlined hometown, Atlanta. Based Management® when choosing Once Koch-Glitsch received that valuthree sets of winners,” Lasater said. “But I think able input, they were able to design the initiatives for achieving even higher this year we really stressed our Guiding pilot plant in a way that went beyond standards of EH&S excellence. Principles in a more explicit way. the EH&S standards typical in the The first involved building understand- “These awards provide very specific, mass transfer industry. ing and commitment to the new vision real-life examples of what EH&S excel“Our team made decisions to go for Compliance and EHS excellence. lence looks like and how we can embeyond current environmental rules,” That vision is currently being rolled out ploy our Principles for greater success. said Hardy, “which enabled us to not to all Koch companies. “Koch-Glitsch, in particular, provided only reduce boiler emissions but elimiThe second initiative was culturean example everyone can learn from.” nate a number of potential leaks.” based, with a heightened focus on the New kid in town MBM® Guiding Principles. That focus 2010 EH&S Award Winners requires commitment from every emKoch-Glitsch won for the enhanced ployee in every role. knowledge sharing Koch Fertilizer Canada – Brandon, Manitoba Third, Koch that helped make Ammonia emissions reduction stressed the imits new pilot plant Flint Hills Resources (Asphalt) – Rosemount, Minn. portance of better a reality. Pine Bend asphalt hydrogen sulfide reduction knowledge sharing That structure, and more effective Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products LP – Atlanta, Ga. completed in March risk management Improved sustainability of transportation resources of this year, was the systems. “We need first new addition Georgia-Pacific containerboard mill – Brewton, Ala. to increase our rate to the 100-acre Significant opacity reduction of learning and Wichita campus improvement.” since the tower Koch-Glitsch – Wichita, Kan. Wichita – Koch-Glitsch uses this award-winning R&D Enhanced knowledge sharing during pilot plant construction Charles Koch con- unit to test distillation and heat transfer processes. building opened cluded his remarks in 1992. It is also INVISTA – Camden, S.C. by saying: “I congratulate all the award believed to be the largest pilot plant of Reduced energy intensity performance winners today. This achievement shows its type in the world. 6 Looking Back Noteworthy The Big Ripoff–by Timothy P. Carney There is a popular perception in the United States that big business is locked in a death struggle with big goverment. These two philosophical opposites, we are told, are mortal enemies. The truth, as Carney repeatedly points out, is almost exactly the opposite. Today, most big businesses are eager to “jump into bed” with big government rather than promote free markets. The reason is simple: big government can prevent competition, provide subsidies and guarantee the markets that allow corporatism to flourish. Big government can also threaten and bribe businesses in order to achieve policy goals. It is interesting to note that this book was written when George W. Bush was president and Republicans still had a majority in both houses of Congress. “The truth,” writes Robert Novak in his introduction to Carney’s book, “is that this is a bipartisan affliction transcending party and ideological lines.” Too True The Washington Examiner recently published an article entitled: “What if all businessmen were as dedicated to free markets as the Kochs?” The article includes an in-depth Q&A with Rich Fink, whose editorial appears on page eight of this issue of Discovery. Go to http://kcief.khc.local/ and look under New Posts to read the story. “Governments never learn. Only people learn.” - Milton Friedman A best seller: FLEXERAMIC® structured packings. M.A. Knight (1883-1956). Centennial celebration When Maurice A. Knight graduated from Buchtel College in Akron, Ohio, many of his classmates pursued jobs in that state’s booming rubber industry. But Knight was more interested in the possibilities of stoneware, especially the kind used in chemical manufacturing. In 1910, Knight risked everything by buying a local pottery firm. His vision was to produce a better kind of chemical stoneware. Competitors One hundred years ago, Knight’s primary competition was vitrified stoneware imported from England and Germany. Although cheaper and easier to get, domestic stoneware of that era was crude by comparison, and much less durable. Most U.S.-made vessels were thick and heavy, and relied on glazes to withstand chemicals. Knight had excellent technical knowledge of both clays and chemical processes. He was soon making vessels that were fully vitrified, glaze-free and tough enough to be cast in large sizes. Setbacks At first, customers were skeptical. Some insisted on trial runs of anywhere from six months to two years. Meanwhile, Knight had to rely on sales of common pottery items such as jugs, jars and butter crocks to pay the bills. The quality of KNIGHT-WARE®, which was marketed as “acid-proof” and “guaranteed satisfactory,” eventually won over the skeptics. Business quadrupled in five years. Then came a series of setbacks: World War I, a serious recession in 1921 (at the time it was called a depression) and the Great Depression. Knight managed to survive by innovating new product lines such as laboratory sinks, stoneware piping and hospital fixtures (introduced in the late 1920s), and PYROFLEX® membranes for tank linings (developed in the mid-1930s). New horizons David Koch’s respect for this technology led to the 1981 purchase of several Knight assets. These were later merged into Koch Chemical Technology Group. Since then, Koch Knight has opened sales offices in Canada, Australia and Brazil, and acquired additional manufacturing capacity in East Canton, Ohio, and a fabrication facility in Baytown, Texas. Koch Knight is now one of the world’s largest manufacturers of ceramic and heat transfer packings. It also engineers, manufactures and installs industryleading membrane, brick and mortar acid-proof systems. The company’s centennial celebration was held July 10 in Canton. More than 80 employees and their guests were invited to the event, as were customers and local officials. Mike Graeff, president of Koch Knight, spoke at the celebration. “We’ve got a truly talented group of people here who really know what they are doing and know how to create value for our customers and for Koch,” Graeff said. “I’m confident we’ve got even more innovation and growth ahead of us.” www.kochknight.com 7 Rich Fink Perspective Executive vice president - Koch Industries, CEO - Koch Companies Public Sector, LLC 8 If you truly want to make the world a better place, it helps to know the best ways of reaching that goal. Koch Industries, Inc. and Koch foundations have spent more than 40 years and millions of dollars to sponsor research aimed at discovering what makes societies thrive over time. What we’ve learned after studying both history and theory is fairly simple and straightforward: economic freedom and marketbased policies create the most opportunity and prosperity for citizens. This is especially true for the poor, who are far better off in free societies. Those who think market-based policies are all about benefiting the corporation at the cost of the individual or society have lost sight of the bigger picture. Economic freedom not only fosters innovation and greater productivity, it leads to better environmental protection, health and quality of life for society as a whole. And yet, despite clear lessons from the past, many of the same misguided policies that have devastated other nations are now finding a home in the United States. Tough lessons What’s at stake in this struggle is the future of the United States. Americans who are concerned about our future must speak out if this course toward economic ruin is to be reversed. Tea parties, for example, reflect a spontaneous recognition by thousands of Americans that if they do not act, the government will bankrupt their families and the country. Although our efforts to draw attention to government overspending pre-date recent tea parties We have a chance by many years, we certainly to make a difference. applaud citizens becoming more engaged in key policy issues. We encourage robust and respectful discussions. Citizens must hold lawmakers accountable for upholding the Constitutional Studying history also reveals a painful truth: Too many societies have undermined their own prosperity by instituting policies that undo what originally made them prosperous. As our chairman and CEO, Charles Koch, wrote in his January Discovery editorial, Argentina and Venezuela are modern-day examples of this. Both of these nations allowed government bureaucracy, spending and deficits to drag down their standards of living. They transformed themselves from free and prosperous societies into nations burdened by unemployment, escalating taxes and runaway inflation. We’ve tried to help people understand and apply the lessons of history so they can respond to society’s challenges with better, more productive policies. History repeating itself? After decades of government growth and spending in the United States, we now see many disturbing parallels with South America’s failures. If you look at the past 10 years of expanding government bureaucracy, spending and debt, it’s clear the U.S. is losing ground. As a nation, we are no longer generating prosperity for society as a whole. We will continue to lose ground until government policymakers understand that more spending, more debt, more regulation and more centralized controls of every aspect of life cannot make us better off. The simple truth is that many of the “new” or “progressive” policies being promoted in the U.S. are old ideas that have failed throughout history. Why in the world would we want to repeat such serious mistakes? The stakes principles of liberty and personal responsibility that helped the U.S. become productive and prosperous. There is too much to lose if we do not speak up – both to our elected officials and at the ballot box. Solutions Three-fourths of all Koch company employees live and work in the U.S. What happens in this country inevitably affects employees elsewhere – for better or for worse. When it comes to public policy, I believe the U.S. – not to mention much of Europe – has been headed in the wrong direction for quite some time. Republicans and Democrats alike have been fiscally irresponsible, spending more than they should and borrowing like there’s no tomorrow. As a nation, we are, quite literally, going bankrupt. The upcoming elections in November will provide a prime opportunity to help steer things in a different direction. By educating ourselves on the issues and voting for those candidates that support economic freedom and prosperity, we have a chance to make a difference. To solve our nation’s problems for the long term, we must remain principled and pursue practical, thoughtful solutions – solutions than can actually be implemented. We need our employees and all citizens to speak out about government spending. That is the best way to get policymakers focused on the serious problems that spending and unbridled debt are creating. Koch Industries and Koch foundations will continue to advocate for economic freedom and market-based policy solutions because they are proven pathways to prosperity for all. To paraphrase Winston Churchill, a market-based approach to public policy may not be perfect, but it beats all the other alternatives that have been tried.